WO2005019172A1 - Indol-2-amides as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors - Google Patents

Indol-2-amides as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005019172A1
WO2005019172A1 PCT/GB2004/003552 GB2004003552W WO2005019172A1 WO 2005019172 A1 WO2005019172 A1 WO 2005019172A1 GB 2004003552 W GB2004003552 W GB 2004003552W WO 2005019172 A1 WO2005019172 A1 WO 2005019172A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alkyl
hydroxy
formula
compound
alkoxy
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PCT/GB2004/003552
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French (fr)
Inventor
Stuart Norman Lile Bennett
Iain Simpson
Paul Robert Owen Whittamore
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Astrazeneca Ab
Astrazeneca Uk Limited
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Application filed by Astrazeneca Ab, Astrazeneca Uk Limited filed Critical Astrazeneca Ab
Priority to EP04801875A priority Critical patent/EP1660448A1/en
Priority to JP2006524409A priority patent/JP2007503421A/en
Priority to US10/567,798 priority patent/US20060199966A1/en
Publication of WO2005019172A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005019172A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
    • C07D209/30—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
    • C07D209/42—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heterocyclic amide derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. These heterocyclic amides possess glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity and accordingly have value in the treatment of disease states associated with increased glycogen phosphorylase activity and thus are potentially useful in methods of treatment of a warm-blooded animal such as man.
  • the invention also relates to processes for the manufacture of said heterocyclic amide derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in the manufacture of medicaments to inhibit glycogen phosphorylase activity in a warm-blooded animal such as man.
  • the liver is the major organ regulating glycaemia in the post-absorptive state.
  • HGO hepatic glucose output
  • FPG fasting plasma glucose
  • Glycogen phosphorylase is a key enzyme in the generation by glycogenolysis of glucose- 1 -phosphate, and hence glucose in liver and also in other tissues such as muscle and neuronal tissue. Liver glycogen phosphorylase a activity is elevated in diabetic animal models including the db/db mouse and the fa/fa rat (Aiston S et al (2000). Diabetalogia 43, 589-597).
  • heterocyclic amides of the present invention possess glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity and accordingly are expected to be of use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, syndrome X, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, cardiac ischaemia and obesity, particularly type 2 diabetes.
  • Our patent application WO 02/20530 discloses a spectrum of active glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors, amongst which are a very limited numberof amino-indan containing compounds.
  • A is phenylene or heteroarylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 1 is independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, N-(l-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-((l-4C)alkyl) 2 carbamoyl, sulphamoyl, N-(l- 4C)alkylsulphamoyl, N,N-((l-4C)alkyl) 2 sulphamoyl, -S(O) b (l-4C)alkyl (wherein b is 0,l,or 2), -OS(O) 2 (l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (l-4C)alkoxy, (1- 4C)alkanoyl, (l-4C)alkanoyloxy, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy
  • R N b (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l- 4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l- 4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6- membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-
  • any alkyl or alkoxy group within any group in R N A and R N B may also optionally be substituted on an available carbon atom with a hydroxy group (provided that said carbon atom is not already substituted by a group linked by a heteroatom); provided that if R 2 is (l-3C)alkyl or (l-4C)alkyl then R 3 is not (l-4C)alkyl or (l-3C)alkyl;
  • R 4 is independently selected from halo, nitro, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, (l-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-
  • a compound of the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof wherein one of R 2 and R 3 is selected from R a, and the other is selected from R N b; and R a and are selected from:
  • R N a (l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2- 3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof;
  • R N b (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-
  • 4C)alkyl dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l- 4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-
  • R 4 is independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, (l-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (1-
  • R 1 to R 3 , and R 5 to R 7 , A, m and n are as defined in either aspect of the invention hereinbefore.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula (1) as hereinabove defined or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula (1) as hereinabove defined or to a pro-drug thereof. Suitable examples of pro-drugs of compounds of formula (1) are in-vivo hydrolysable esters of compounds of formula (1).
  • the invention relates to compounds of formula (1) as hereinabove defined or to an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof. It is to be understood that, insofar as certain of the compounds of formula (1) defined above may exist in optically active or racemic forms by virtue of one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, the invention includes in its definition any such optically active or racemic form which possesses glycogen phosphorylase inhibition activity.
  • the synthesis of optically active forms may be carried out by standard techniques of organic chemistry well known in the art, for example by synthesis from optically active starting materials or by resolution of a racemic form. Similarly, the above-mentioned activity may be evaluated using the standard laboratory techniques referred to hereinafter.
  • a compound of the formula (1) or a salt thereof may exhibit the phenomenon of tautomerism and that the formulae drawings within this specification can represent only one of the possible tautomeric forms. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses any tautomeric form which has glycogen phosphorylase inhibition activity and is not to be limited merely to any one tautomeric form utilised within the formulae drawings.
  • the formulae drawings within this specification can represent only one of the possible tautomeric forms and it is to be understood that the specification encompasses all possible tautomeric forms of the compounds drawn not just those forms which it has been possible to show graphically herein.
  • certain compounds of the formula (1) and salts thereof can exist in solvated as well as unsolvated forms such as, for example, hydrated forms. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses all such solvated forms which have glycogen phosphorylase inhibition activity. It is also to be understood that certain compounds of the formula (1) may exhibit polymorphism, and that the invention encompasses all such forms which possess glycogen phosphorylase inhibition activity.
  • the present invention relates to the compounds of formula (1) as hereinbefore defined as well as to the salts thereof. Salts for use in pharmaceutical compositions will be pharmaceutically acceptable salts, but other salts may be useful in the production of the compounds of formula (1) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the invention may, for example, include acid addition salts of the compounds of formula (1) as hereinbefore defined which are sufficiently basic to form such salts.
  • Such acid addition salts include for example salts with inorganic or organic acids affording pharmaceutically acceptable anions such as with hydrogen halides (especially hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid of which hydrochloric acid is particularly preferred) or with sulphuric or phosphoric acid, or with trifluoroacetic, citric or maleic acid.
  • Suitable salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, phosphates, sulphates, hydrogen sulphates, alkylsulphonates, arylsulphonates, acetates, benzoates, citrates, maleates, fumarates, succinates, lactates and tartrates.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be formed with an inorganic or organic base which affords a pharmaceutically acceptable cation.
  • Such salts with inorganic or organic bases include for example an alkali metal salt, such as a sodium or potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt such as a calcium or magnesium salt, an ammonium salt or for example a salt with methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine, morpholine or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered in the form of a pro-drug which is broken down in the human or animal body to give a compound of the invention.
  • a prodrug may be used to alter or improve the physical and/or pharmacokinetic profile of the parent compound and can be formed when the parent compound contains a suitable group or substituent which can be derivatised to form a prodrug.
  • pro-drugs examples include in- vivo hydrolysable esters of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
  • Various forms of prodrugs are known in the art, for examples see: a) Design of Prodrugs, edited by H. Bundgaard, (Elsevier, 1985) and Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 42, p. 309-396, edited by K. Widder, et al. (Academic Press, 1985); b) A Textbook of Drug Design and Development, edited by Krogsgaard-Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Chapter 5 "Design and Application of Prodrugs", by H. Bundgaard p. 113-191 (1991); c) H.
  • An in-vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of formula (1) containing carboxy or hydroxy group is, for example, a pharmaceutically acceptable ester which is cleaved in the human or animal body to produce the parent acid or alcohol.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable esters for carboxy include (l-6C)alkoxymethyl esters for example methoxymethyl, (l-6C)alkanoyloxymethyl esters for example pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidyl esters, (3-8C)cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy(l-6C)alkyl esters for example 1-cyclohexylcarbonyloxyethyl; l,3-dioxolen-2-onylmethyl esters for example 5-methyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-onylmethyl; and (l-6C)alkoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters for example 1-methoxycarbonyloxyethyl and may be formed at any carboxy group in the compounds of this invention
  • Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable esters for hydroxy include inorganic esters such as phosphate esters (including phosphoramidic cyclic esters) and ⁇ -acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in-vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group/s.
  • inorganic esters such as phosphate esters (including phosphoramidic cyclic esters) and ⁇ -acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in-vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group/s.
  • ⁇ -acyloxyalkyl ethers include acetoxymethoxy and 2,2-dimethylpropionyloxymethoxy.
  • a selection of in-vivo hydrolysable ester forming groups for hydroxy include (l-lOC)alkanoyl, for example acetyl; benzoyl; phenylacetyl; substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl, (l-lOC)alkoxycarbonyl (to give alkyl carbonate esters), for example ethoxycarbonyl; di-((l-4C))alkylcarbamoyl and N-(di-((l-4C))alkylaminoethyl)-N- ((l-4C))alkylcarbamoyl (to give carbamates); di-((l-4C))alkylaminoacetyl and carboxyacetyl.
  • (l-lOC)alkanoyl for example acetyl; benzoyl; phenylacetyl; substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl, (l-lOC)alkoxycarbon
  • ring substituents on phenylacetyl and benzoyl include aminomethyl, ((1- 4C))alkylaminomethyl and di-(((l-4C))alkyl)aminomethyl, and morpholino or piperazino linked from a ring nitrogen atom via a methylene linking group to the 3- or 4- position of the benzoyl ring.
  • Other interesting in-vivo hyrolysable esters include, for example, R A C(O)O((l- 6C))alkyl-CO-, wherein R A is for example, benzyloxy-((l-4C))alkyl, or phenyl).
  • Suitable substituents on a phenyl group in such esters include, for example, 4-((l-4C))piperazino-((l- 4C))alkyl, piperazino-((l-4C))alkyl and morpholino(l-4C)alkyl.
  • alkyl includes both straight-chain and branched-chain alkyl groups. However references to individual alkyl groups such as "propyl” are specific for the straight chain version only and references to individual branched-chain alkyl groups such as t-butyl are specific for the branched chain version only.
  • (l-3C)alkyl includes methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl
  • (l-4C)alkyl includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and t-butyl
  • examples of “(l-6C)alkyl” include the examples of "(l-4C)alkyl”and additionally pentyl, 2,3-dimethylpropyl, 3-methylbutyl and hexyl.
  • (2-4C)alkenyl includes vinyl, allyl and 1-propenyl and examples of “(2-6C)alkenyl” include the examples of "(2- 4C)alkenyl” and additionally 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methylbut-2-enyl, 3- methylbut-1-enyl, 1-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl and 4-hexenyl.
  • Examples of “(2-4C)alkynyl” includes ethynyl, 1-propynyl and 2-propynyl and examples of “C 2 _ 6 alkynyl "include the examples of "(2-4C)alkynyl” and additionally 3-butynyl, 2-pentynyl and l-methylpent-2- ynyl.
  • the term "hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl” includes hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxyisopropyl.
  • the term “hydroxy(2-3C)alkyl” includes hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxyisopropyl.
  • hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl includes hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisopropyl and hydroxybutyl.
  • hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl also includes hydroxycyclopropyl and hydroxycyclobutyl.
  • hydroxyethyl includes 1 -hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl.
  • hydroxypropyl includes 1 -hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl and 3-hydroxypropyl and an analogous convention applies to terms such as hydroxybutyl.
  • dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl includes dihydroxyethyl, dihydroxypropyl and dihydroxyisopropyl.
  • dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl includes dihydroxyethyl, dihydroxypropyl, dihydroxyisopropyl and dihydroxybutyl.
  • dihydroxypropyl includes 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl and 1,3- dihydroxypropyl.
  • An analogous convention applies to terms such as dihydroxyisopropyl and dihydroxybutyl.
  • dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl is not intended to include structures which are geminally disubstituted and thereby unstable.
  • trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl includes 1,2,3-trihydroxypro ⁇ yl and 1,2,3- trihydroxybutyl. .
  • trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl is not intended to include structures which are geminally di- or tri-substituted and thereby unstable.
  • halo refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • halo(l-3C)alkyl includes fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, fluoroethyl, fluoropropyl and chloropropyl.
  • halo(l-4C)alkyl includes "halo(l-3C)alkyl” and additionally fluorobutyl.
  • dihalo(l-4C)alkyl includes difluoromethyl and dichloromethyl.
  • dihalo(l- 3C)alkyl includes difluoromethyl and dichloromethyl.
  • trihalo(l-4C)alkyl includes trifluoromethyl.
  • Examples of "5- and 6-membered cyclic acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof are: l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl; 2,2- dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl; l,3-dioxan-2-yl.
  • Examples of "(l-4C)alkoxy” include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and isopropoxy.
  • Examples of “(l-6C)alkoxy” include the examples of “(l-4C)alkoxy” and additionally butyloxy, t-butyloxy, pentoxy and l,2-(methyl) 2 propoxy.
  • Examples of “(l-4C)alkanoyl” include formyl, acetyl and propionyl.
  • Examples of “(l-6C)alkanoyl” include the example of "(l-4C)alkanoyl” and additionally butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl and l,2-(methyl) 2 propionyl.
  • Examples of "(l-4C)alkanoyloxy” are formyloxy, acetoxy and propionoxy.
  • Examples of "(1- 6C)alkanoyloxy” include the examples of “(l-4C)alkanoyloxy” and additionally butanoyloxy, pentanoyloxy, hexanoyloxy and l,2-(methyl) 2 propionyloxy.
  • 4C)alkyl)amino include methylamino and ethylamino.
  • N-((l-6C)alkyl)amino include the examples of “N-((l-4C)alkyl)amino” and additionally pentylamino, hexylamino and 3-methylbutylamino.
  • N,N-((l-4C)alkyl) 2 amino include N-N- (methyl) 2 amino, N-N-(ethyl) 2 amino and N-ethyl-N-methylamino.
  • N,N-((1- 6C)alkyl) 2 amino examples include the example of “N,N-((l-4C)alkyl) 2 amino” and additionally N- methyl-N-pentylamino and N,7V-(pentyl) 2 amino.
  • N-((l-4C)alkyl)carbamoyl examples are methylcarbamoyl and ethylcarbamoyl.
  • N-((l-6C)alkyl)carbamoyl examples of “N-((l-4C)alkyl)carbamoyl”and additionally pentylcarbamoyl, hexylcarbamoyl and l,2-(methyl) 2 propylcarbamoyl.
  • Examples of ' ,N-((l-4C)alkyl) 2 carbamoyl are N,N- (methyl) 2 carbamoyl, N,N-(ethyl) 2 carbamoyl and N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl.
  • Examples of "NN-((l-6C)alkyl) 2 carbamoyl” are the examples of ' ,N-((l-4C)alkyl) 2 carbamoyl” and additionally N,N-(pentyl) 2 carbamoyl, N-methyl-N-pentylcarbamoyl and N-ethyl-N- hexylcarbamoyl.
  • Examples of "N-((l-4C)alkyl)sulphamoyl” are N-(methyl)sulphamoyl and N-(ethyl)sulphamoyl.
  • N-((l-6C)alkyl)sulphamoyl examples are the examples of “N-((l- 4C)alkyl)sulphamoyl” and additionally N-pentylsulphamoyl, N-hexylsulphamoyl and 1,2- (methyl) 2 propylsulphamoyl.
  • N,N-((l-4C)alkyl) 2 sulphamoyl are N,N-(methyl) 2 sulphamoyl, N,N-(ethyl) 2 sulphamoyl and N-(methyl)-N-(ethyl)sulphamoyl.
  • Examples of "NN-((l-6C)alkyl) 2 sulphamoyl” are the examples of “NN-((1- 4C)alkyl) 2 sulphamoyl” and additionally NN-(pentyl) 2 sulphamoyl, N-methyl-N- pentylsulphamoyl and N-ethyl -N-hexylsulphamoyl.
  • Examples of "cyano(l-3C)alkyl” and “cyano(l-4C)alkyl” are cyanomethyl, cyanoethyl and cyanopropyl.
  • Examples of “(3-6C)cycloalkyl” include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • Examples of “(3-6C)cycloalkyl(l-4C)alkyl” include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclopropylpropyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl and cyclohexylmethyl.
  • amino(l-4C)alkyl includes aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminoisopropyl and aminobutyl.
  • aminoethyl includes 1 -aminoethyl and 2- aminoethyl.
  • aminopropyl includes 1 -aminopropyl, 2-aminopropyl and 3- aminopropyl and an analogous convention applies to terms such as aminoethyl and aminobutyl.
  • Examples of "(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy” are methoxymethoxy, ethoxymethoxy, ethoxyethoxy and methoxyethoxy.
  • Examples of "hydroxy(l-4C)alkoxy” are hydroxyethoxy and hydroxypropoxy.
  • Examples of “hydroxypropoxy” are 2-hydroxypropoxy and 3- hydroxypropoxy.
  • Examples of "(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl” include methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl and propoxymethyl.
  • Examples of "(1- 4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl” include methoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxyethoxyethyl, ethoxymethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, methoxymethoxyethyl, methoxyethoxyethyl and ethoxymethoxymethyl.
  • Examples of "di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl” include 1,2- dimethoxyethyl, 2,3,dimethoxypropyl and l-methoxy-2-ethoxy-ethyl.
  • Examples of "(hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl” include l-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl and l-hydroxy-3- methoxypropyl.
  • Examples of "-S(O) b (l-4C)alkyl (wherein b is 0,1 or 2)" include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, methylsulphinyl, ethylsulphinyl, propanesulphinyl, mesyl, ethylsulphonyl, propylsulphonyl and isopropylsulphonyl.
  • Examples of "(l-6C)alkoxycarbonyl” include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n- and t-butoxycarbonyl.
  • Examples of "(amino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl” and “(amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl” include l-amino-2-hydroxyethyl, l-hydroxy-2-aminoethyl, l-hydroxy-2-aminopropyl and 1- amino-2-hydroxypropyl.
  • Examples of “(aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl” and “(aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl” include l-(hydroxy)-2-(aminocarbonyl)ethyl and 1- (hydroxy)-3-(aminocarbonyl)propyl.
  • Examples of "((l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2- 4C)alkyl” and “(methylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl” include l-(hydroxy)-2-(N- methylaminocarbonyl)ethyl.
  • Examples of "(di(l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2- 4C)alkyl” and “(dimethylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl” include l-(hydroxy)-2-(N,N- dimethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl.
  • Examples of "(l-4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl and “methylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl” include l-hydroxy-2- (methylcarbonylamino)ethyl and l-(methylcarbonylamino)-2-(hydroxy)ethyl.
  • Examples of "((l-4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl” and “(methylS(O)p- )(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl” (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2) include l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylthio)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl and l-(hydroxy)-2- (methylsulfonyl)ethyl.
  • Eaxmples of additional substitution on an alkyl or alkoxy group within a definition of RNA and R N B by hydroxy is to be understood to mean, for example, substitution of a hydroxy in di(halo)(l-4C)alkyl to give groups such as l-hydroxy-2,2-difluoromethyl; or for example substitution of a hydroxy into an (amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl group to give a group such as l,2-dihydroxy-3-aminopropyl; or for example substitution of a hydroxy into a "((1- 4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, to give for example HOCH 2 CH 2 S(O) 2 CH 2 CH(OH)-, or C 2 H 5 S(O) 2 CH 2 CH(OH)CH(OH)-.
  • composite terms are used to describe groups comprising more that one functionality such as -(l-4C)alkylSO 2 (l-4C)alkyl. Such terms are to be interpreted in accordance with the meaning which is understood by a person skilled in the art for each component part.
  • -(l-4C)alkylSO 2 (l-4C)alkyl includes -methylsulphonylmethyl, -methylsulphonylethyl, -ethylsulphonylmethyl, and -propylsulphonylbutyl.
  • Heteroarylene is a diradical of a heteroaryl group.
  • a heteroaryl group is an aryl, monocyclic ring containing 5 to 7 atoms of which 1, 2, 3 or 4 ring atoms are chosen from nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen.
  • heteroarylene examples include oxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, pyridylene, pyrimidinylene, imidazolylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, pyrazinylene, pyridazinylene, pyrrolylene, thienylene and furylene.
  • Suitable optional substituents for heteroaryl groups are 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, (l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy, (l-4C)alkylS(O) b (wherein b is 0, 1 or 2), N-((l-4C)alkyl)amino and NN-((l- 4C)alkyl) 2 amino.
  • Suitable optional susbtituents for "heteroaryl" groups are 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from fluoro, chloro, cyano, nitro, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylsulfinyl and methylsulfonyl.
  • Preferred values of A, R 1 to R 4 , m and n are as follows. Such values may be used where appropriate with any of the definitions, claims, aspects or embodiments defined hereinbefore or hereinafter.
  • A is phenylene.
  • A is heteroarylene.
  • A is selected from phenylene, pyridylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrrolylene, imidazolylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, oxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, thienylene and furylene.
  • A is phenylene, pyridylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrrolylene and imidazolylene. Further suitable values for A are phenylene, pyridylene and pyrimidinylene. Further suitable values for A are phenylene and pyridylene. In one embodiment, when A is heteroarylene, there is a nitrogen in a bridgehead position. In another embodiment, when A is heteroarylene, the heteroatoms are not in bridgehead positions. It will be appreciated that the preferred (more stable) bridgehead position is as shown below:
  • m is 1 or 2. In another aspect of the invention m is 1. In another aspect, m is 0. In one aspect of the present invention R 4 is selected from halo, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl. In another aspect of the invention R 4 is halo. In one aspect of the present invention R 4 is selected from halo, hydroxy, methyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl. In a further aspect of the invention R 4 is methyl, chloro or fluoro. In a further aspect of the invention R 4 is chloro or fluoro. More preferably R 4 is chloro. In one aspect of the invention n is 0 or 1. In one aspect preferably n is 1.
  • n is 0.
  • the two R 1 groups, together with the carbon atoms of A to which they are attached form a 4 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N, conveniently such a ring is a 5 or 6 membered ring.
  • such a 5 or 6 membered ring contains two O atoms (ie a cyclic acetal).
  • the two R 1 groups together form such a cyclic acetal, preferably it is not substituted.
  • the two R 1 groups together are the group -O-CH 2 -O-.
  • R 1 is selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl and (l-4C)alkoxy.
  • R 1 is selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, -S(O) b (l-4C)alkyl (wherein b is 0, 1 or 2), -OS(O) 2 (l- 4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkyl and (l-4C)alkoxy.
  • R 1 is selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, -S(O) b Me (wherein b is 0, 1 or 2), -OS(O) 2 Me, methyl and methoxy.
  • R 1 is (l-4C)alkyl.
  • R 1 is selected from halo and (l-4C)alkoxy.
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-.
  • R 2 is selected from R N a where R a is selected from: R N a: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (dimethylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)
  • R N b (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l- 4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l- 4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6- membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-
  • R 2 is selected from R N S where R a is selected from R N a: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R 3 is selected from RNb where R N b is selected from: R N b: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4
  • R 3 is selected from RNa where R N is selected from R N a: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R 2 is selected from RNb where R N b is selected from: R N b: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alky
  • R 2 is selected from RN and R 3 is selected from R N b, wherein R N a and R N b are selected from any of the values for these groups defined hereinbefore or hereinafter.
  • any alkyl or alkoxy group within any group in R N A and R B is additionally substituted on an available carbon atom with a hydroxy group (provided that said carbon atom is not already substituted by a group linked by a heteroatom).
  • any alkyl or alkoxy group within any group in RNA and R B is not additionally substituted on an available carbon atom with a hydroxy group.
  • R N a is selected from (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl and cyano(l-3C)alkyl.
  • R N a is selected from methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxy ethyl, dihydroxypropyl and cyanomethyl.
  • R a is selected from (l-4C)alkyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, and (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl.
  • R a is selected from:
  • R a is selected from: methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, dihydroxypropyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl and dimethoxyethyl.
  • R N a is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, and dihydroxypropyl.
  • R N a is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl.
  • R a is selected from methyl and hydroxyethyl.
  • R N a is selected from methyl and ethyl. In another embodiment R N a is methyl. In one embodiment RNb is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (1-
  • R N b is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2- 4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l- 4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](l-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](l-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6- membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof.
  • R b is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2- 4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](l-4C)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)(l-4C)alkyl,
  • R N b is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-
  • R N b is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl and dihydroxy(2- 4C)alkyl. In another embodiment, R N b is selected from dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl and (hydroxy) [(1-
  • R N b is selected from hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,2,3- trihydroxypropyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, hydroxyethoxyethyl, ,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3- dioxolan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl; l,3-dioxan-2-yl.
  • R b is selected from hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl ,3-dioxolan- 4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan- 4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl and l,3-dioxan-2-yl.
  • R b is selected from hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl and 1,3-dihydroxypropyl.
  • RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1 -hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2- (methylthio)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(cyano)ethyl, 1- (hydroxy)-2-(amino)ethyl, l-(amino)-2-(hydroxy)ethyl, l
  • R N b is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-
  • R N b is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-
  • R N b is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl.
  • R N b is selected from 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl,
  • A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is halo
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-;
  • R 2 is selected from R N a where R N a is selected from
  • R N a (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R 3 is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from:
  • R N b (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl,
  • A is heteroarylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is halo
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-;
  • R is selected from R N a where R N a is selected from R N a: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R 3 is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from: R N b: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)
  • A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is chloro
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-;
  • R 3 is selected from R N a where RNa is selected from
  • R N a (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from: R N b: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl,
  • A is heteroarylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is chloro
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-;
  • R is selected from R N a where R N a is selected from R N a: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R 2 is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from: R N b: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)al
  • A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is chloro
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-; one of R 2 and R 3 is selected from R N a, and the other is selected from R N b; RNa is selected from: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl and (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl ; RNb is selected from: hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, (1- 4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)al
  • A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2; R 4 is chloro; R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-; one of R 2 and R 3 is selected from R N a, and the other is selected from R N b; R N is selected from: methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, dihydroxypropyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl and dimethoxyethyl.
  • R N b is selected from: hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2- dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, hydroxyethoxyethyl, ,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3- dioxolan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl; l,3-dioxan-2-yl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof.
  • a compound of the formula (I) where
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-; one of R and R is selected from R a, and the other is selected from R N b; RNa is selected from: methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, and dihydroxypropyl;
  • RNb is selected from: hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2- dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, ,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3- dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl- l,3-dioxan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl- l,3-dioxan-5-yl and l,3-dioxan-2-yl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof.
  • A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2; R 4 is chloro;
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH -O-; one of R 2 and R 3 is selected from R a, and the other is selected from R N b; R N is selected from methyl and ethyl;
  • R N b is selected from hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2- dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, and 1,3-dihydroxypropyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof.
  • A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-;
  • R 2 is selected from R N a where R N is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R 3 is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l- 4C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (1- 4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-
  • R is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro
  • R is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-;
  • R is selected from R N a where R ⁇ a is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R 3 is selected from R b where R N b is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-
  • A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2; R 4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
  • R 1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH 2 -O-;
  • R 2 is selected from R N a where R N is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R 3 is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2- 4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl,
  • A is phenylene; n is 0; m is O, 1 or 2;
  • R is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
  • R 2 is selected from R N a where R N a is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R is selected from RNb where R N b is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-
  • A is phenylene; n is 0; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
  • R 2 is selected from R N a where R N a is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R 3 is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-
  • R is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
  • R is selected from R N a where R N a is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R is selected from RNb where R N b is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2- (methylthio)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(cyano)ethyl, 1-
  • A is phenylene; n is O; m is 0, 1 or 2; R 4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
  • R 2 is selected from R N a where R N a is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R 3 is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-
  • R 4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro
  • R is selected from R a where R N is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2- (methylthio)ethyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof.
  • A is phenylene; n is O; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro
  • R 2 is selected from R N a where R N is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R 3 is selected from R b where R N b is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof.
  • A is phenylene; n is O; m is 0, 1 or 2;
  • R 4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
  • R 2 is selected from R N a where R N is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
  • R 3 is selected from R N b where R N b is selected from 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof.
  • Preferred compounds of the invention are of the formula (1 A), wherein R 1 to R 4 , m and n are as defined in any aspect or embodiment described hereinbefore or hereinafter.
  • preferred compounds of the invention are compounds of the formula (1) or (1A) as defined hereinbefore or hereinafter wherein R 3 contains an hydroxy group on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group.
  • Further preferred compounds of the invention are compounds of the formula (1) or (1 A) as defined hereinbefore or hereinafter wherein R 3 contains an amino group on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group.
  • Particular compounds of the invention are each of the Examples, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof, each of which provides a further independent aspect of the invention.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof which process (wherein A, R 1 to R 4 m and n are, unless otherwise specified, as defined in formula (1)) comprises of: a) reacting an acid of the formula (2):
  • Standard peptide coupling reagents known in the art can be employed as suitable coupling reagents, or for example carbon yldiimidazole, l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodi-imide hydrochloride (EDCI) and dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide (DCCI), optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as 1- hydroxybenzotriazole, dimethylaminopyridine or 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, optionally in the presence of a base for example triethylamine, di-isopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-di- ⁇ Z y/-pyridines such as 2,6-lutidine or 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine.
  • a catalyst such as 1- hydroxybenzotriazole, dimethylaminopyridine or 4-pyrrolidinopyridine
  • a base for example triethylamine, di-is
  • Suitable solvents include dimethylacetamide, dichloromethane, benzene, tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide.
  • the coupling reaction may conveniently be performed at a temperature in the range of -40 to 40°C.
  • Suitable activated acid derivatives include acid halides, for example acid chlorides, and active esters, for example pentafluorophenyl esters.
  • the reaction of these types of compounds with amines is well known in the art, for example they may be reacted in the presence of a base, such as those described above, and in a suitable solvent, such as those described above.
  • the reaction may conveniently be performed at a temperature in the range of -40 to 40°C.
  • the acids of formula (2) are commercially available or they are known compounds or they are prepared by processes known in the art.
  • Compounds of formula (3) may be prepared according to Scheme 3:
  • R and/or R may be obtained by modification of functionality in groups previously thus introduced, by reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis (for example the conversion of an acetoxy group to a hydroxy group), nucleophilic displacement, amidation, or a related process, or a combination of these processes, followed by O- deprotection when appropriate. It will be appreciated that such modifications may include modifications which convert one compound of the formula (1) into another compound of the formula (1).
  • Amines of formula (3) may alternatively be obtained by applying the processes described for the preparation of compounds of formula (3a) to compounds of formula (8) in which W is NH 2 or a nitrogen atom with one or two suitable protecting groups.
  • amines of formula (3) may also be prepared by the process in Scheme
  • Step 1 is performed on a compound known in the literature (Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, 1995, 14. JP 07070136). Steps 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are performed using standard techniques known in the art. It will be appreciated that the bromo azaindanone isomers (21a, 21b and 21c) could be used.
  • (21a) (21b) (21c) be converted to the corresponding heterocylic version of (3) by the means described in Scheme 4.
  • the bromo azaindanones can be prepared from the corresponding azaindanones by standard techniques known in the art.
  • the azaindanones (22a, 22b, 22c) are known in the literature or they are prepared by processes known in the art.
  • R 1 may be introduced by standard aromatic substitution reactions or generated by conventional functional group modifications either prior to or immediately following the processes mentioned above, and as such are included in the process aspect of the invention.
  • Such reactions may convert one compound of the formula (1) into another compound of the formula (1).
  • Such reactions and modifications include, for example, introduction of a substituent by means of an aromatic substitution reaction, reduction of substituents, alkylation of substituents and oxidation of substituents.
  • the reagents and reaction conditions for such procedures are well known in the chemical art.
  • aromatic substitution reactions include the introduction of a nitro group using concentrated nitric acid, the introduction of an acyl group using, for example, an acyl halide and Lewis acid (such as aluminium trichloride) under Friedel Crafts conditions; the introduction of an alkyl group using an alkyl halide and Lewis acid (such as aluminium trichloride) under Friedel Crafts conditions; and the introduction of a halogen group.
  • modifications include the reduction of a nitro group to an amino group by for example, catalytic hydrogenation with a nickel catalyst or treatment with iron in the presence of hydrochloric acid with heating; oxidation of alkylthio to alkylsulphinyl or alkylsulphonyl.
  • a suitable protecting group for an amino or alkylamino group is, for example, an acyl group, for example an alkanoyl group such as acetyl, an alkoxycarbonyl group, for example a methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl group, an arylmethoxycarbonyl group, for example benzyloxycarbonyl, or an aroyl group, for example benzoyl.
  • the deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group.
  • an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or alkoxycarbonyl group or an aroyl group may be removed for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide.
  • a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide.
  • an acyl group such as a t-butoxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid as hydrochloric, sulphuric or phosphoric acid or trifluoroacetic acid and an arylmethoxycarbonyl group such as a benzyloxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon, or by treatment with a Lewis acid for example boron tris(trifluoroacetate).
  • a suitable alternative protecting group for a primary amino group is, for example, a phthaloyl group which may be removed by treatment with an alkylamine, for example dimethylaminopropylamine, or with hydrazine.
  • a suitable protecting group for a hydroxy group is, for example, an acyl group, for example an alkanoyl group such as acetyl, an aroyl group, for example benzoyl, or an arylmethyl group, for example benzyl.
  • the deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups will necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group.
  • an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or an aroyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide.
  • a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide.
  • an arylmethyl group such as a benzyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon.
  • a suitable protecting group for a carboxy group is, for example, an esterifying group, for example a methyl or an ethyl group which may be removed, for example, by hydrolysis with a base such as sodium hydroxide, or for example a t-butyl group which may be removed, for example, by treatment with an acid, for example an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, or for example a benzyl group which may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon.
  • the protecting groups may be removed at any convenient stage in the synthesis using conventional techniques well known in the chemical art.
  • Compounds of the invention generally possess improved physical properties (for example solubility and/or plasma-protein binding) in comparison with those of the compounds previously disclosed. In combination with glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity, such physical properties render the compounds of the invention particularly useful as pharmaceuticals.
  • the thermodynamic solubilities of Examples 2 and 19 are given in the table below.
  • thermodynamic solubility data for the compounds of the invention as given above may be measured by agitating the compound in 0.1 M phosphate at pH7.4 for 24hours, then analysis of the supernatant (for example by LCUV/MS) using a solution (for example in DMSO) of known concentration as the calibrant.
  • Plasma Protein binding may be measured using an equilibrium dialysis technique, whereby compound is added to 10% plasma giving a concentration of 20 ⁇ M and dialysed with isotonic buffer for 18 hours at 37°C. The plasma and buffer solutions are analysed using LCUVMS and the first apparent binding constant for the compound derived. The binding constant is then used to determine the % free in 100% plasma.
  • the binding constant derived from the dialysis experiment is based upon a model of 1:1 binding between compound and albumin.
  • p + D ⁇ PD [PD]
  • Kl [P] x [D]
  • the compounds defined in the present invention possesses glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity. This property may be assessed, for example, using the procedure set out below.
  • the activity of the compounds is alternatively determined by measuring the inhibitory effect of the compounds on glycogen degradation, the production of glucose- 1 -phosphate from glycogen is monitored by the multienzyme coupled assay, as described in EP 0 846464 A2, general method of Pesce et al ( Pesce, M A, Bodourian, S H, Harris, R C, and Nicholson, J F (1977) Clinical Chemistry 23, 1171 - 1717).
  • the reactions were in 384well microplate format in a volume of 50 ⁇ l.
  • the change in fluorescence due to the conversion of the co-factor NAD to NADH is measured at 340nM excitation, 465nm emission in a Tecan Ultra Multifunctional Microplate Reader.
  • the reaction is in 50mM HEPES, 3.5mM KH 2 PO ⁇ 2.5mM MgCl 2 , 2.5mM ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethyl ether) N.NN'.N'-tetraacetic acid, lOOmM KC1, 8mM D-(+)-glucose pH7.2, containing 0.5mM dithiothreitol, the assay buffer solution.
  • Human recombinant liver glycogen phosphorylase a (hrl GP ) 20nM is pre- incubated in assay buffer solution with 6.25mM NAD, 1.25mg type III glycogen at 1.25 mg ml "1 the reagent buffer, for 30 minutes.
  • the coupling enzymes phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( Sigma) are prepared in reagent buffer, final concentration 0.25Units per well. 20 ⁇ l of the hrl GPa solution is added to lO ⁇ l compound solution and the reaction started with the addition of 20ul coupling enzyme solution. Compounds to be tested are prepared in lO ⁇ l 5% DMSO in assay buffer solution, with final concentration of 1% DMSO in the assay. The non-inhibited activity of GP ⁇ is measured in the presence of lO ⁇ l 5% DMSO in assay buffer solution and maximum inhibition measured in the presence of 5mgs ml "1 N-ethylmaleimide.
  • Typical IC 50 values for compounds of the invention when tested in the above assay are in the range lOO ⁇ M to InM.
  • the activity of Example 19 was O.ll ⁇ M.
  • the inhibitory activity of compounds was further tested in rat primary hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes were isolated by the collagenase perfusion technique, general method of Seglen (P.O. Seglen, Methods Cell Biology (1976) 13 29-83).
  • DMEM Dulbeco's Modified Eagle's Medium
  • NEAA non essential amino acids
  • Glutamine penicillin /streptomycin ((100units/100ug)/ml)
  • the hepatocytes were then cultured in the DMEM solution without foetal calf serum and with lOnM insulin and lOnM dexamethasone.
  • Experiments were initiated after 18-20 hours culture by washing the cells and adding Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 2.5mM CaCl 2 and 1% gelatin.
  • a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, as defined hereinbefore in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.
  • compositions of the invention may be in a form suitable for oral use (for example as tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixirs), for topical use (for example as creams, ointments, gels, or aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions), for administration by inhalation (for example as a finely divided powder or a liquid aerosol), for administration by insufflation (for example as a finely divided powder) or for parenteral administration (for example as a sterile aqueous or oily solution for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular or intramuscular dosing or as a suppository for rectal dosing).
  • oral use for example as tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixir
  • compositions of the invention may be obtained by conventional procedures using conventional pharmaceutical excipients, well known in the art.
  • compositions intended for oral use may contain, for example, one or more colouring, sweetening, flavouring and/or preservative agents.
  • the compositions of the invention are in a form suitable for oral dosage.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients for a tablet formulation include, for example, inert diluents such as lactose, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate, granulating and disintegrating agents such as corn starch or algenic acid; binding agents such as starch; lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc; preservative agents such as ethyl or propyl p_-hydroxybenzoate, and anti-oxidants, such as ascorbic acid.
  • Tablet formulations may be uncoated or coated either to modify their disintegration and the subsequent absorption of the active ingredient within the gastrointestinal tract, or to improve their stability and/or appearance, in either case, using conventional coating agents and procedures well known in the art.
  • Compositions for oral use may be in the form of hard gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
  • an inert solid diluent for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
  • water or an oil such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
  • Aqueous suspensions generally contain the active ingredient in finely powdered form together with one or more suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents such as lecithin or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids (for example polyoxethylene stearate), or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol
  • the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives (such as ethyl or propyl p_-hydroxybenzoate, anti- oxidants (such as ascorbic acid), colouring agents, flavouring agents, and/or sweetening agents (such as sucrose, saccharine or aspartame).
  • Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil (such as arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil) or in a mineral oil (such as liquid paraffin).
  • the oily suspensions may also contain a thickening agent such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set out above, and flavouring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation.
  • compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
  • Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water generally contain the active ingredient together with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients such as sweetening, flavouring and colouring agents, may also be present.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions.
  • the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, such as olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, such as for example liquid paraffin or a mixture of any of these.
  • Suitable emulsifying agents may be, for example, naturally-occurring gums such as gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides such as soya bean, lecithin, an esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides (for example sorbitan monooleate) and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
  • the emulsions may also contain sweetening, flavouring and preservative agents.
  • Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents such as glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, aspartame or sucrose, and may also contain a demulcent, preservative, flavouring and/or colouring agent.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may also be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oily suspension, which may be formulated according to known procedures using one or more of the appropriate dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents, which have been mentioned above.
  • a sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • compositions for administration by inhalation may be in the form of a conventional pressurised aerosol arranged to dispense the active ingredient either as an aerosol containing finely divided solid or liquid droplets.
  • Conventional aerosol propellants such as volatile fluorinated hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons may be used and the aerosol device is conveniently arranged to dispense a metered quantity of active ingredient.
  • a formulation intended for oral administration to humans will generally contain, for example, from 0.5 mg to 2 g of active agent compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of excipients which may vary from about 5 to about 98 percent by weight of the total composition.
  • Dosage unit forms will generally contain about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient.
  • the compound of formula (1) will normally be administered to a warm-blooded animal at a unit dose within the range 5-5000 mg per square meter body area of the animal, i.e. approximately 0.1-100 mg/kg, and this normally provides a therapeutically-effective dose.
  • a unit dose form such as a tablet or capsule will usually contain, for example 1-250 mg of active ingredient.
  • Preferably a daily dose in the range of 1-50 mg/kg is employed. However the daily dose will necessarily be varied depending upon the host treated, the particular route of administration, and the severity of the illness being treated.
  • the optimum dosage may be determined by the practitioner who is treating any particular patient.
  • the inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase activity described herein may be applied as a sole therapy or may involve, in addition to the subject of the present invention, one or more other substances and/or treatments.
  • Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of the individual components of the treatment.
  • Simultaneous treatment may be in a single tablet or in separate tablets.
  • the compounds of the present invention or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be administered in combination with one or more of the following agent(s): 1) Insulin and insulin analogues; 2) Insulin secretagogues including sulphonylureas (for example glibenclamide, glipizide), prandial glucose regulators (for example repaglinide, nateglinide) and glucokinase activators 3) Agents that improve incretin action (for example dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists) 4) Insulin sensitising agents including PPARgamma agonists (for example pioglitazone and rosiglitazone); and agents with combined PPARalpha and gamma activity 5) Agents that modulate hepatic glucose balance (for example metformin, fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase inhibitors, glycogen synthase kinase inhibitors
  • nifedipine Angiotensin receptor antagonists (eg candesartan), antagonists and diuretic agents (eg. furosemide, benzthiazide); 12) Haemostasis modulators such as, antithrombotics, activators of fibrinolysis and antiplatelet agents; thrombin antagonists; factor Xa inhibitors; factor Vila inhibitors); antiplatelet agents (eg. aspirin, clopidogrel); anticoagulants (heparin and Low molecular weight analogues, hirudin) and warfarin; 13) Agents which antagonise the actions of glucagon; and 14) Anti -inflammatory agents, such as non-steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (eg.
  • non-steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs eg.
  • a compound of the formula (1) for use as a medicament in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, syndrome X, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, cardiac ischaemia or obesity in a warm-blooded animal such as man.
  • a compound of the formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof as defined hereinbefore in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in a warm-blooded animal such as man.
  • a method of producing a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory effect in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (1).
  • a method of treating type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, syndrome X, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, cardiac ischaemia or obesity in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (1).
  • a method of treating type 2 diabetes in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (1).
  • a dose required for the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a particular cell-proliferation disease will necessarily be varied depending on the host treated, the route of administration and the severity of the illness being treated.
  • a unit dose in the range, for example, 1-100 mg/kg, preferably 1-50 mg/kg is envisaged.
  • the compounds of formula (1) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are also useful as pharmacological tools in the development and standardisation of in vitro and in vivo test systems for the evaluation of the effects of inhibitors of cell cycle activity in laboratory animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, rats and mice, as part of the search for new therapeutic agents.
  • laboratory animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, rats and mice, as part of the search for new therapeutic agents.
  • the alternative and preferred embodiments of the compounds of the invention described herein also apply.
  • temperatures are given in degrees Celsius (°C); operations were carried out at room or ambient temperature, that is, at a temperature in the range of 18-25°C and under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon;
  • chromatography means flash chromatography on silica gel; thin layer chromatography
  • NMR data is in the form of delta values for major diagnostic protons, given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard, determined at 300 MHz using perdeuterio dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO-d ⁇ ) as solvent unless otherwise indicated, other solvents (where indicated in the text) include deuterated chloroform CDC1 3 ;
  • the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for approximately 16 h, diluted with water (20 mL) and the precipitated solid recovered by filtration and dried under vacuum.
  • the crude material was purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluent gradient: 0-80% EtOAc in hexane) and then dissolved in 4M HCl / Dioxan. After standing for 1 hour at ambient temperature, the volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the resulting gum triturated with ether to give the title compound (120mg, 56%) as a white solid.
  • Example 8 (25)-N 1 -((lR,2R)-2- ⁇ r(5-Chloro-lH-indol-2-yl)carbonyllaminol-2.3-dihvdro- lH-inden-l-yl)-2-hvdroxy-N 1 -methylsuccinamide
  • (2S)-4-Amino-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid (CAS Reg. No.: [57229-74-0], 109 mg, 0.82 mmol), 5-chloro-N-[(l/?,2 ?)-l-(methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 2; 280 mg, 0.74 mmol), ⁇ OBT (111 mg, 0.82 mmol), triethylamine (0.46 mL, 3.3 mmol) were suspended in DMF (5 mL) and stirred at room temperature.
  • Example 8 The following examples were made by the process of Example 8 using the appropriate amine hydrochloride salt (Intermediate 10, 11 or 12) and (25)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid.
  • Example 12 The following examples were made by the process of Example 12 using the appropriate amine hydrochloride salt intermediate (Intermediates 10, 11 or 2) and (5)-2-hydroxybutyric acid as the carboxylic acid.
  • Example 13 5-Fluoro-N-f(lR,2R)-l-rr(25)-2-hvdroxybutanovn(methyl)aminol-2.3- dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl ⁇ -lH-indole-2-carboxamide
  • Example 14 N-l(lR.2R)-l-rr(25)-2-Hvdroxybutanoyll(methyl)amino1-2.3-dihvdro-lH- inden-2-yll-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
  • Example 16 N- lR.2R)-l-rr(25)-2.3-Dihvdroxypropanovn(methyl)amino1-2,3-dihvdro- lZ/-inden-2-yl ⁇ -5-methyl-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
  • Interemdiate 21 5-Chloro-N-((lR,2R)-l-(r2-(tetrahvdro-2H-pyran-2- vIoxy)ethyllaminol-2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lZ/-indole-2-carboxamide
  • Methanesulfonyl chloride (7.1 g, 61.9 mmol) dissolved in DCM (20 mL) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was evaporated and EtOAc (250 mL) added. After washing with water and drying over magnesium sulphate the organic solution was evaporated to yield -l-[(l,l-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino]-2- methanesulphonyloxyindan (9.7g, 98%) as a white solid.

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Abstract

A compound of the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, or pro-drug thereof; (1) wherein, for example, R 4 is halo or (1-4C)alkyl ; A is phenylene or heteroarylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2; R 1 is halo, cyano or carboxy; R 2 is for example methyl; R 3 is for example selected from halo(1-4C)alkyl, dihalo(1-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(1-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(1-4C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (1-4C)alkoxy(1-4C)alkyl, (1-4C)alkoxy(1-4C)alkoxy(1-4C)alkyl, di[(1-4C)alkoxy](1-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(1-4C)alkoxy](1-4C)alkyl; possess glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity and accordingly have value in the treatment of disease states associated with increased glycogen phosphorylase activity. Processes for the manufacture of compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them are described.

Description

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
The present invention relates to heterocyclic amide derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. These heterocyclic amides possess glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity and accordingly have value in the treatment of disease states associated with increased glycogen phosphorylase activity and thus are potentially useful in methods of treatment of a warm-blooded animal such as man. The invention also relates to processes for the manufacture of said heterocyclic amide derivatives, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in the manufacture of medicaments to inhibit glycogen phosphorylase activity in a warm-blooded animal such as man. The liver is the major organ regulating glycaemia in the post-absorptive state. Additionally, although having a smaller role in the contribution to post-prandial blood glucose levels, the response of the liver to exogenous sources of plasma glucose is key to an ability to maintain euglycaemia. An increased hepatic glucose output (HGO) is considered to play an important role in maintaining the elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels seen in type 2 diabetics; particularly those with a FPG >140mg/dl (7.8mM). (Weyer et al, (1999), J Clin Invest 104: 787-794; Clore & Blackgard (1994), Diabetes 43: 256-262; De Fronzo, R. A., et al, (1992) Diabetes Care 15; 318 - 355; Reaven, G.M. (1995) Diabetologia 38; 3-13). Since current oral, anti-diabetic therapies fail to bring FPG levels to within the normal, non-diabetic range and since raised FPG (and glycHbAlc) levels are risk factors for both macro- (Charles, M.A. et al (1996) Lancet 348, 1657-1658; Coutinho, M. et al (1999) Diabetes Care 22; 233-240; Shaw, J.E. et al (2000) Diabetes Care 23, 34-39) and micro-vascular disease (DCCT Research Group (1993) New. Eng. J. Med. 329; 977-986); the reduction and normalisation of elevated FPG levels remains a treatment goal in type 2 DM. It has been estimated that, after an overnight fast, 74% of HGO was derived from glycogenolysis with the remainder derived from gluconeogenic precursors (Hellerstein et al (1997) Am J Physiol, 272: E163). Glycogen phosphorylase is a key enzyme in the generation by glycogenolysis of glucose- 1 -phosphate, and hence glucose in liver and also in other tissues such as muscle and neuronal tissue. Liver glycogen phosphorylase a activity is elevated in diabetic animal models including the db/db mouse and the fa/fa rat (Aiston S et al (2000). Diabetalogia 43, 589-597). Inhibition of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase with chloroindole inhibitors (CP91149 and CP320626) has been shown to reduce both glucagon stimulated glycogenolysis and glucose output in hepatocytes (Hoover et al (1998) J Med Chem 41, 2934-8; Martin et al (1998) PNAS 95, 1776-81). Additionally, plasma glucose concentration is reduced, in a dose related manner, db/db and ob/ob mice following treatment with these compounds. Studies in conscious dogs with glucagon challenge in the absence and presence of another glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, Bay K 3401, also show the potential utility of such agents where there is elevated circulating levels of glucagon, as in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. In the presence of Bay R 3401, hepatic glucose output and arterial plasma glucose following a glucagon challenge were reduced significantly (Shiota et al, (1997), Am J Physiol, 273: E868). The heterocyclic amides of the present invention possess glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity and accordingly are expected to be of use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, syndrome X, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, cardiac ischaemia and obesity, particularly type 2 diabetes. Our patent application WO 02/20530 discloses a spectrum of active glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors, amongst which are a very limited numberof amino-indan containing compounds. Our co-pending patent applications PCT/GB03/00883 and PCT/GB03/00875 disclose a variety of substituted amino-indan glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors, generally containing only one subsitutent on the nitrogen of the amino-indan moiety, although a number are disubstituted and contain an N-acetyl group as one substituent. Surprisingly, we have found that a group of N-disubstituted amino-indans have improved physical properties (for example solubility, plasma-protein binding) in comparison with those of the compounds previously disclosed, which are particularly beneficial for a pharmaceutical. According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a compound of formula (1):
Figure imgf000004_0001
(1) wherein:
A is phenylene or heteroarylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R1 is independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, N-(l-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-((l-4C)alkyl)2carbamoyl, sulphamoyl, N-(l- 4C)alkylsulphamoyl, N,N-((l-4C)alkyl)2sulphamoyl, -S(O)b(l-4C)alkyl (wherein b is 0,l,or 2), -OS(O)2(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (l-4C)alkoxy, (1- 4C)alkanoyl, (l-4C)alkanoyloxy, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and -ΝHSO2(l-4C)alkyl; or, when n is 2, the two R1 groups, together with the carbon atoms of A to which they are attached, may form a 4 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N, and optionally being substituted by one or two methyl groups; one of R and R is selected from RNS, and the other is selected from RNb; RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di -methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (dimethylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2);
RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l- 4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l- 4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6- membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-
4C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-
4C)alkyl, (di(l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((1- 4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl
(wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); wherein any alkyl or alkoxy group within any group in RNA and RNB may also optionally be substituted on an available carbon atom with a hydroxy group (provided that said carbon atom is not already substituted by a group linked by a heteroatom); provided that if R2 is (l-3C)alkyl or (l-4C)alkyl then R3 is not (l-4C)alkyl or (l-3C)alkyl;
R4 is independently selected from halo, nitro, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, (l-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-
4C)alkynyl, (l-4C)alkoxy and (l-4C)alkanoyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof.
In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a compound of the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof wherein one of R2 and R3 is selected from R a, and the other is selected from RNb; and R a and
Figure imgf000005_0001
are selected from:
RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2- 3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof;
RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-
4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l- 4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-
4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and wherein R1, R4 to R7, A, m and n are as hereinbefore defined. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a compound of the formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof wherein R4 is independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, (l-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (1-
4C)alkoxy and (l-4C)alkanoyl; and wherein R1 to R3, and R5 to R7, A, m and n are as defined in either aspect of the invention hereinbefore.
It is to be understood that when A is heteroarylene, the bridgehead atoms joining ring A to the ring may be heteroatoms. Therefore, for example, the definition of
Figure imgf000006_0001
when A is heteroarylene encompasses the structures:
Figure imgf000006_0002
It is to be understood that where substituents contain two substituents on an alkyl chain, in which both are linked by a heteroatom (for example two alkoxy substituents, or an amino and a hydroxy substituent), then these two substituents are not substituents on the same carbon atom of the alkyl chain. In another aspect, the invention relates to compounds of formula (1) as hereinabove defined or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. In another aspect, the invention relates to compounds of formula (1) as hereinabove defined or to a pro-drug thereof. Suitable examples of pro-drugs of compounds of formula (1) are in-vivo hydrolysable esters of compounds of formula (1). Therefore in another aspect, the invention relates to compounds of formula (1) as hereinabove defined or to an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof. It is to be understood that, insofar as certain of the compounds of formula (1) defined above may exist in optically active or racemic forms by virtue of one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, the invention includes in its definition any such optically active or racemic form which possesses glycogen phosphorylase inhibition activity. The synthesis of optically active forms may be carried out by standard techniques of organic chemistry well known in the art, for example by synthesis from optically active starting materials or by resolution of a racemic form. Similarly, the above-mentioned activity may be evaluated using the standard laboratory techniques referred to hereinafter. Within the present invention it is to be understood that a compound of the formula (1) or a salt thereof may exhibit the phenomenon of tautomerism and that the formulae drawings within this specification can represent only one of the possible tautomeric forms. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses any tautomeric form which has glycogen phosphorylase inhibition activity and is not to be limited merely to any one tautomeric form utilised within the formulae drawings. The formulae drawings within this specification can represent only one of the possible tautomeric forms and it is to be understood that the specification encompasses all possible tautomeric forms of the compounds drawn not just those forms which it has been possible to show graphically herein. It is also to be understood that certain compounds of the formula (1) and salts thereof can exist in solvated as well as unsolvated forms such as, for example, hydrated forms. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses all such solvated forms which have glycogen phosphorylase inhibition activity. It is also to be understood that certain compounds of the formula (1) may exhibit polymorphism, and that the invention encompasses all such forms which possess glycogen phosphorylase inhibition activity. The present invention relates to the compounds of formula (1) as hereinbefore defined as well as to the salts thereof. Salts for use in pharmaceutical compositions will be pharmaceutically acceptable salts, but other salts may be useful in the production of the compounds of formula (1) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the invention may, for example, include acid addition salts of the compounds of formula (1) as hereinbefore defined which are sufficiently basic to form such salts. Such acid addition salts include for example salts with inorganic or organic acids affording pharmaceutically acceptable anions such as with hydrogen halides (especially hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid of which hydrochloric acid is particularly preferred) or with sulphuric or phosphoric acid, or with trifluoroacetic, citric or maleic acid. Suitable salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, phosphates, sulphates, hydrogen sulphates, alkylsulphonates, arylsulphonates, acetates, benzoates, citrates, maleates, fumarates, succinates, lactates and tartrates. In addition where the compounds of formula (1) are sufficiently acidic, pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be formed with an inorganic or organic base which affords a pharmaceutically acceptable cation. Such salts with inorganic or organic bases include for example an alkali metal salt, such as a sodium or potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt such as a calcium or magnesium salt, an ammonium salt or for example a salt with methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine, morpholine or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine. The compounds of the invention may be administered in the form of a pro-drug which is broken down in the human or animal body to give a compound of the invention. A prodrug may be used to alter or improve the physical and/or pharmacokinetic profile of the parent compound and can be formed when the parent compound contains a suitable group or substituent which can be derivatised to form a prodrug. Examples of pro-drugs include in- vivo hydrolysable esters of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof. Various forms of prodrugs are known in the art, for examples see: a) Design of Prodrugs, edited by H. Bundgaard, (Elsevier, 1985) and Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 42, p. 309-396, edited by K. Widder, et al. (Academic Press, 1985); b) A Textbook of Drug Design and Development, edited by Krogsgaard-Larsen and H. Bundgaard, Chapter 5 "Design and Application of Prodrugs", by H. Bundgaard p. 113-191 (1991); c) H. Bundgaard, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 8, 1-38 (1992); d) H. Bundgaard, et ah, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 77, 285 (1988); and e) N. Kakeya, et /., Chem Pharm Bull, 32, 692 (1984).
An in-vivo hydrolysable ester of a compound of formula (1) containing carboxy or hydroxy group is, for example, a pharmaceutically acceptable ester which is cleaved in the human or animal body to produce the parent acid or alcohol. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable esters for carboxy include (l-6C)alkoxymethyl esters for example methoxymethyl, (l-6C)alkanoyloxymethyl esters for example pivaloyloxymethyl, phthalidyl esters, (3-8C)cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy(l-6C)alkyl esters for example 1-cyclohexylcarbonyloxyethyl; l,3-dioxolen-2-onylmethyl esters for example 5-methyl-l,3-dioxolen-2-onylmethyl; and (l-6C)alkoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters for example 1-methoxycarbonyloxyethyl and may be formed at any carboxy group in the compounds of this invention. Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable esters for hydroxy include inorganic esters such as phosphate esters (including phosphoramidic cyclic esters) and α-acyloxyalkyl ethers and related compounds which as a result of the in-vivo hydrolysis of the ester breakdown to give the parent hydroxy group/s. Examples of α-acyloxyalkyl ethers include acetoxymethoxy and 2,2-dimethylpropionyloxymethoxy. A selection of in-vivo hydrolysable ester forming groups for hydroxy include (l-lOC)alkanoyl, for example acetyl; benzoyl; phenylacetyl; substituted benzoyl and phenylacetyl, (l-lOC)alkoxycarbonyl (to give alkyl carbonate esters), for example ethoxycarbonyl; di-((l-4C))alkylcarbamoyl and N-(di-((l-4C))alkylaminoethyl)-N- ((l-4C))alkylcarbamoyl (to give carbamates); di-((l-4C))alkylaminoacetyl and carboxyacetyl. Examples of ring substituents on phenylacetyl and benzoyl include aminomethyl, ((1- 4C))alkylaminomethyl and di-(((l-4C))alkyl)aminomethyl, and morpholino or piperazino linked from a ring nitrogen atom via a methylene linking group to the 3- or 4- position of the benzoyl ring. Other interesting in-vivo hyrolysable esters include, for example, RAC(O)O((l- 6C))alkyl-CO-, wherein RA is for example, benzyloxy-((l-4C))alkyl, or phenyl). Suitable substituents on a phenyl group in such esters include, for example, 4-((l-4C))piperazino-((l- 4C))alkyl, piperazino-((l-4C))alkyl and morpholino(l-4C)alkyl. In this specification the generic term "alkyl" includes both straight-chain and branched-chain alkyl groups. However references to individual alkyl groups such as "propyl" are specific for the straight chain version only and references to individual branched-chain alkyl groups such as t-butyl are specific for the branched chain version only. For example, "(l-3C)alkyl" includes methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl, "(l-4C)alkyl" includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and t-butyl and examples of "(l-6C)alkyl" include the examples of "(l-4C)alkyl"and additionally pentyl, 2,3-dimethylpropyl, 3-methylbutyl and hexyl. An analogous convention applies to other generic terms, for example "(2-4C)alkenyl" includes vinyl, allyl and 1-propenyl and examples of "(2-6C)alkenyl" include the examples of "(2- 4C)alkenyl" and additionally 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methylbut-2-enyl, 3- methylbut-1-enyl, 1-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl and 4-hexenyl. Examples of "(2-4C)alkynyl" includes ethynyl, 1-propynyl and 2-propynyl and examples of "C2_6alkynyl "include the examples of "(2-4C)alkynyl" and additionally 3-butynyl, 2-pentynyl and l-methylpent-2- ynyl. The term "hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl" includes hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxyisopropyl. The term "hydroxy(2-3C)alkyl" includes hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxyisopropyl. The term "hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl" includes hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisopropyl and hydroxybutyl. The term "hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl" also includes hydroxycyclopropyl and hydroxycyclobutyl. The term "hydroxyethyl" includes 1 -hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl. The term "hydroxypropyl" includes 1 -hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl and 3-hydroxypropyl and an analogous convention applies to terms such as hydroxybutyl. The term "dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl" includes dihydroxyethyl, dihydroxypropyl and dihydroxyisopropyl. The term "dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl" includes dihydroxyethyl, dihydroxypropyl, dihydroxyisopropyl and dihydroxybutyl. The term "dihydroxypropyl" includes 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl and 1,3- dihydroxypropyl. An analogous convention applies to terms such as dihydroxyisopropyl and dihydroxybutyl. The term dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl is not intended to include structures which are geminally disubstituted and thereby unstable. The term "trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl" includes 1,2,3-trihydroxyproρyl and 1,2,3- trihydroxybutyl. . The term trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl is not intended to include structures which are geminally di- or tri-substituted and thereby unstable. The term "halo" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. The term "halo(l-3C)alkyl" includes fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, fluoroethyl, fluoropropyl and chloropropyl. The term "halo(l-4C)alkyl" includes "halo(l-3C)alkyl" and additionally fluorobutyl. The term "dihalo(l-4C)alkyl" includes difluoromethyl and dichloromethyl. The term "dihalo(l- 3C)alkyl" includes difluoromethyl and dichloromethyl. The term "trihalo(l-4C)alkyl" includes trifluoromethyl. Examples of "5- and 6-membered cyclic acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof are: l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl; 2,2- dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl; l,3-dioxan-2-yl. Examples of "(l-4C)alkoxy" include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and isopropoxy. Examples of "(l-6C)alkoxy" include the examples of "(l-4C)alkoxy" and additionally butyloxy, t-butyloxy, pentoxy and l,2-(methyl)2propoxy. Examples of "(l-4C)alkanoyl" include formyl, acetyl and propionyl. Examples of "(l-6C)alkanoyl" include the example of "(l-4C)alkanoyl" and additionally butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl and l,2-(methyl)2propionyl. Examples of "(l-4C)alkanoyloxy" are formyloxy, acetoxy and propionoxy. Examples of "(1- 6C)alkanoyloxy" include the examples of "(l-4C)alkanoyloxy" and additionally butanoyloxy, pentanoyloxy, hexanoyloxy and l,2-(methyl)2propionyloxy. Examples of "N-((l-
4C)alkyl)amino" include methylamino and ethylamino. Examples of "N-((l-6C)alkyl)amino" include the examples of "N-((l-4C)alkyl)amino" and additionally pentylamino, hexylamino and 3-methylbutylamino. Examples of "N,N-((l-4C)alkyl)2amino" include N-N- (methyl)2amino, N-N-(ethyl)2amino and N-ethyl-N-methylamino. Examples of "N,N-((1- 6C)alkyl)2amino" include the example of "N,N-((l-4C)alkyl)2amino" and additionally N- methyl-N-pentylamino and N,7V-(pentyl)2amino. Examples of "N-((l-4C)alkyl)carbamoyl" are methylcarbamoyl and ethylcarbamoyl. Examples of "N-((l-6C)alkyl)carbamoyl" are the examples of "N-((l-4C)alkyl)carbamoyl"and additionally pentylcarbamoyl, hexylcarbamoyl and l,2-(methyl)2propylcarbamoyl. Examples of ' ,N-((l-4C)alkyl)2carbamoyl" are N,N- (methyl)2carbamoyl, N,N-(ethyl)2carbamoyl and N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl. Examples of "NN-((l-6C)alkyl)2carbamoyl" are the examples of ' ,N-((l-4C)alkyl)2carbamoyl" and additionally N,N-(pentyl)2carbamoyl, N-methyl-N-pentylcarbamoyl and N-ethyl-N- hexylcarbamoyl. Examples of "N-((l-4C)alkyl)sulphamoyl" are N-(methyl)sulphamoyl and N-(ethyl)sulphamoyl. Examples of "N-((l-6C)alkyl)sulphamoyl" are the examples of "N-((l- 4C)alkyl)sulphamoyl" and additionally N-pentylsulphamoyl, N-hexylsulphamoyl and 1,2- (methyl)2propylsulphamoyl. Examples of "N,N-((l-4C)alkyl)2sulphamoyl" are N,N-(methyl)2sulphamoyl, N,N-(ethyl)2sulphamoyl and N-(methyl)-N-(ethyl)sulphamoyl. Examples of "NN-((l-6C)alkyl)2sulphamoyl" are the examples of "NN-((1- 4C)alkyl)2sulphamoyl" and additionally NN-(pentyl)2sulphamoyl, N-methyl-N- pentylsulphamoyl and N-ethyl -N-hexylsulphamoyl.
Examples of "cyano(l-3C)alkyl" and "cyano(l-4C)alkyl" are cyanomethyl, cyanoethyl and cyanopropyl. Examples of "(3-6C)cycloalkyl" include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Examples of "(3-6C)cycloalkyl(l-4C)alkyl" include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclopropylpropyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl and cyclohexylmethyl. Examples of "cyano(l-3C)alkyl" and "cyano(l-4C)alkyl" substituted with hydroxy include l-(hydroxy)-2-(cyano)ethyl. The term "amino(l-4C)alkyl" includes aminomethyl, aminoethyl, aminopropyl, aminoisopropyl and aminobutyl. The term "aminoethyl" includes 1 -aminoethyl and 2- aminoethyl. The term "aminopropyl" includes 1 -aminopropyl, 2-aminopropyl and 3- aminopropyl and an analogous convention applies to terms such as aminoethyl and aminobutyl. Examples of "(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy" are methoxymethoxy, ethoxymethoxy, ethoxyethoxy and methoxyethoxy. Examples of "hydroxy(l-4C)alkoxy" are hydroxyethoxy and hydroxypropoxy. Examples of "hydroxypropoxy" are 2-hydroxypropoxy and 3- hydroxypropoxy. Examples of "(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl" include methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl and propoxymethyl. Examples of "(1- 4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl" include methoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxyethoxyethyl, ethoxymethoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl, methoxymethoxyethyl, methoxyethoxyethyl and ethoxymethoxymethyl. Examples of "di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl" include 1,2- dimethoxyethyl, 2,3,dimethoxypropyl and l-methoxy-2-ethoxy-ethyl. Examples of "(hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl" include l-hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl and l-hydroxy-3- methoxypropyl. Examples of "-S(O)b(l-4C)alkyl (wherein b is 0,1 or 2)" include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, methylsulphinyl, ethylsulphinyl, propanesulphinyl, mesyl, ethylsulphonyl, propylsulphonyl and isopropylsulphonyl. Examples of "(l-6C)alkoxycarbonyl" include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n- and t-butoxycarbonyl. Examples of "(amino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl" and "(amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl" include l-amino-2-hydroxyethyl, l-hydroxy-2-aminoethyl, l-hydroxy-2-aminopropyl and 1- amino-2-hydroxypropyl. Examples of "(aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl" and "(aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl" include l-(hydroxy)-2-(aminocarbonyl)ethyl and 1- (hydroxy)-3-(aminocarbonyl)propyl. Examples of "((l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2- 4C)alkyl" and "(methylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl" include l-(hydroxy)-2-(N- methylaminocarbonyl)ethyl. Examples of "(di(l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2- 4C)alkyl" and "(dimethylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl" include l-(hydroxy)-2-(N,N- dimethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl. Examples of "(l-4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl and "methylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl" include l-hydroxy-2- (methylcarbonylamino)ethyl and l-(methylcarbonylamino)-2-(hydroxy)ethyl. Examples of "((l-4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl" and "(methylS(O)p- )(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl" (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2) include l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylthio)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl and l-(hydroxy)-2- (methylsulfonyl)ethyl. Eaxmples of additional substitution on an alkyl or alkoxy group within a definition of RNA and RNB by hydroxy is to be understood to mean, for example, substitution of a hydroxy in di(halo)(l-4C)alkyl to give groups such as l-hydroxy-2,2-difluoromethyl; or for example substitution of a hydroxy into an (amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl group to give a group such as l,2-dihydroxy-3-aminopropyl; or for example substitution of a hydroxy into a "((1- 4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, to give for example HOCH2CH2S(O)2CH2CH(OH)-, or C2H5S(O) 2CH2CH(OH)CH(OH)-. Within this specification composite terms are used to describe groups comprising more that one functionality such as -(l-4C)alkylSO2(l-4C)alkyl. Such terms are to be interpreted in accordance with the meaning which is understood by a person skilled in the art for each component part. For example -(l-4C)alkylSO2(l-4C)alkyl includes -methylsulphonylmethyl, -methylsulphonylethyl, -ethylsulphonylmethyl, and -propylsulphonylbutyl. Where optional substituents are chosen from "0, 1, 2 or 3" groups it is to be understood that this definition includes all substituents being chosen from one of the specified groups or the substituents being chosen from two or more of the specified groups. An analogous convention applies to substituents chose from "0, 1 or 2" groups and "1 or 2" groups. "Heteroarylene" is a diradical of a heteroaryl group. A heteroaryl group is an aryl, monocyclic ring containing 5 to 7 atoms of which 1, 2, 3 or 4 ring atoms are chosen from nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen. Examples of heteroarylene are oxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, pyridylene, pyrimidinylene, imidazolylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, pyrazinylene, pyridazinylene, pyrrolylene, thienylene and furylene. Suitable optional substituents for heteroaryl groups, unless otherwise defined, are 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, (l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy, (l-4C)alkylS(O)b (wherein b is 0, 1 or 2), N-((l-4C)alkyl)amino and NN-((l- 4C)alkyl)2amino. Further suitable optional susbtituents for "heteroaryl" groups are 1, 2 or 3 substituents independently selected from fluoro, chloro, cyano, nitro, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, hydroxy, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, methylthio, methylsulfinyl and methylsulfonyl. Preferred values of A, R1 to R4, m and n are as follows. Such values may be used where appropriate with any of the definitions, claims, aspects or embodiments defined hereinbefore or hereinafter. In one embodiment of the invention are provided compounds of formula (1), in an alternative embodiment are provided pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of compounds of formula (1), in a further alternative embodiment are provided in-vivo hydrolysable esters of compounds of formula (1), and in a further alternative embodiment are provided pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of in-vivo hydrolysable esters of compounds of formula (1). In one aspect of the invention A is phenylene. In another aspect of the invention A is heteroarylene. Preferably A is selected from phenylene, pyridylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrrolylene, imidazolylene, triazolylene, tetrazolylene, oxazolylene, oxadiazolylene, thienylene and furylene. Further suitable values for A are phenylene, pyridylene, pyrimidinylene, pyrrolylene and imidazolylene. Further suitable values for A are phenylene, pyridylene and pyrimidinylene. Further suitable values for A are phenylene and pyridylene. In one embodiment, when A is heteroarylene, there is a nitrogen in a bridgehead position. In another embodiment, when A is heteroarylene, the heteroatoms are not in bridgehead positions. It will be appreciated that the preferred (more stable) bridgehead position is as shown below:
Figure imgf000014_0001
In one aspect of the present invention m is 1 or 2. In another aspect of the invention m is 1. In another aspect, m is 0. In one aspect of the present invention R4 is selected from halo, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl. In another aspect of the invention R4 is halo. In one aspect of the present invention R4 is selected from halo, hydroxy, methyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl. In a further aspect of the invention R4 is methyl, chloro or fluoro. In a further aspect of the invention R4 is chloro or fluoro. More preferably R4 is chloro. In one aspect of the invention n is 0 or 1. In one aspect preferably n is 1. In another aspect, preferably n is 0. When n is 2, and the two R1 groups, together with the carbon atoms of A to which they are attached, form a 4 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N, conveniently such a ring is a 5 or 6 membered ring. In one embodiment, such a 5 or 6 membered ring contains two O atoms (ie a cyclic acetal). When the two R1 groups together form such a cyclic acetal, preferably it is not substituted. Most preferably the two R1 groups together are the group -O-CH2-O-. In another aspect of the present invention R1 is selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl and (l-4C)alkoxy. In a further aspect R1 is selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, -S(O)b(l-4C)alkyl (wherein b is 0, 1 or 2), -OS(O)2(l- 4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkyl and (l-4C)alkoxy. In a further aspect R1 is selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, -S(O)bMe (wherein b is 0, 1 or 2), -OS(O)2Me, methyl and methoxy. In a further aspect, R1 is (l-4C)alkyl. Preferably R1 is selected from halo and (l-4C)alkoxy. In another embodiment preferably R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-. In one aspect R2 is selected from RNa where R a is selected from: RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (dimethylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); and R is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from:
RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l- 4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l- 4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6- membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-
4C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2- 4C)alkyl, (di(l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((1- 4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl
(wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); provided that when R is (l-3C)alkyl, then RNb is not (l-4C)alkyl. In another aspect R2 is selected from RNS where R a is selected from RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R3 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from: RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2- 4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](l-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and dimethyl derivatives thereof; provided that when Rwa is (l-3C)alkyl, then RNb is not (l-4C)alkyl. In another aspect R3 is selected from RNa where RN is selected from RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R2 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from: RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2- 4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and dimethyl derivatives thereof; provided that when R a is (l-3C)alkyl, then RNb is not (l-4C)alkyl. In another aspect R2 is selected from RN and R3 is selected from RNb, wherein RNa and RNb are selected from any of the values for these groups defined hereinbefore or hereinafter. In one embodiment, any alkyl or alkoxy group within any group in RNA and R B is additionally substituted on an available carbon atom with a hydroxy group (provided that said carbon atom is not already substituted by a group linked by a heteroatom). In another embodiment, any alkyl or alkoxy group within any group in RNA and R B is not additionally substituted on an available carbon atom with a hydroxy group. In one aspect, RNa is selected from (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl and cyano(l-3C)alkyl. In one embodiment RNa is selected from methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxy ethyl, dihydroxypropyl and cyanomethyl. In another aspect R a is selected from (l-4C)alkyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, and (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl. In another embodiment R a is selected from:
(l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl and (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl. In another embodiment R a is selected from: methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, dihydroxypropyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl and dimethoxyethyl. In another embodiment RNa is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, and dihydroxypropyl. In another embodiment RNa is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl. In another embodiment R a is selected from methyl and hydroxyethyl. In another embodiment RNa is selected from methyl and ethyl. In another embodiment RNa is methyl. In one embodiment RNb is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (1-
4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(l-4C)alkyl, ((1- 4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, (di(l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2- 4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(l-4C)alkyl, and ((1- 4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(l-4C)alkyl (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2). In another embodiment RNb is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2- 4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l- 4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](l-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](l-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6- membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof. In another embodiment R b is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2- 4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](l-4C)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)(l-4C)alkyl,
(aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(l-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, (di( 1 -4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl , (( 1 -
4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(l-4C)alkyl, and ((l-4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(l-4C)alkyl (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2). In another embodiment RNb is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-
4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof. In another embodiment RNb is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl and dihydroxy(2- 4C)alkyl. In another embodiment, RNb is selected from dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl and (hydroxy) [(1-
4C)alkoxy](l-4C)alkyl. In one aspect RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,2,3- trihydroxypropyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, hydroxyethoxyethyl, ,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3- dioxolan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl; l,3-dioxan-2-yl. In another aspect R b is selected from hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl ,3-dioxolan- 4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan- 4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl and l,3-dioxan-2-yl. In another aspect R b is selected from hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl and 1,3-dihydroxypropyl. In a further aspect, RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1 -hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2- (methylthio)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(cyano)ethyl, 1- (hydroxy)-2-(amino)ethyl, l-(amino)-2-(hydroxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(aminocarbonyl)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-3-(aminocarbonyl)propyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(N-methylaminocarbonyl)ethyl, 1- (hydroxy)-2-(N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl and l-(methylcarbonylamino)-2-
(hydroxy)ethyl. In a further aspect, RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-
(methylthio)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(cyano)ethyl, 1-
(hydroxy)-2-(amino)ethyl and l-(amino)-2-(hydroxy)ethyl. In a further aspect, RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-
(methylthio)ethyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl. In a further aspect, RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl. In a further aspect, RNb is selected from 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl,
1,3-dihydroxypropyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl. In one aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is halo;
R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-;
R2 is selected from RNa where RNa is selected from
RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R3 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from:
RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl,
(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-
4C)alkyl, (hydroxy) [(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and dimethyl derivatives thereof; provided that when RNa is (l-3C)alkyl, then RNb is not (l-4C)alkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is heteroarylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is halo;
R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-;
R is selected from RNa where RNa is selected from RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R3 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from: RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl,
(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-
4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and dimethyl derivatives thereof; provided that when RNa is (l-3C)alkyl, then RNb is not (l-4C)alkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is chloro;
R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-;
R3 is selected from RNa where RNa is selected from
RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from: RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl,
(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-
4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di- methyl derivatives thereof; provided that when RNa is (l-3C)alkyl, then RNb is not (l-4C)alkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is heteroarylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is chloro;
R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-;
R is selected from RNa where RNa is selected from RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and R2 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from: RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl,
(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-
4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and dimethyl derivatives thereof; provided that when RNa is (l-3C)alkyl, then RNb is not (l-4C)alkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is chloro;
R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-; one of R2 and R3 is selected from RNa, and the other is selected from RNb; RNa is selected from: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl and (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl ; RNb is selected from: hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, (1- 4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2; R4 is chloro; R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-; one of R2 and R3 is selected from RNa, and the other is selected from RNb; RN is selected from: methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, dihydroxypropyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl and dimethoxyethyl. RNb is selected from: hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2- dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, hydroxyethoxyethyl, ,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3- dioxolan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxan-5-yl; l,3-dioxan-2-yl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2; R4 is chloro;
R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-; one of R and R is selected from R a, and the other is selected from RNb; RNa is selected from: methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, dihydroxyethyl, and dihydroxypropyl;
RNb is selected from: hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2- dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, ,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 2-methyl-l,3- dioxolan-4-yl, 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl- l,3-dioxan-4-yl; 2,2-dimethyl- l,3-dioxan-5-yl and l,3-dioxan-2-yl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2; R4 is chloro;
R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH -O-; one of R2 and R3 is selected from R a, and the other is selected from RNb; RN is selected from methyl and ethyl;
RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2- dihydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, and 1,3-dihydroxypropyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro; R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-; R2 is selected from RNa where RN is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
R3 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l- 4C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (1- 4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-
4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((1- 4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2- 4C)alkyl, (di(l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((1-
4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
R is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-; R is selected from RNa where Rπa is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
R3 is selected from R b where RNb is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-
4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (1-
4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((1-
4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, (di(l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-
4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, and ((1-
4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is phenylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2; R4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
R1 is selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and -O-CH2-O-;
R2 is selected from RNa where RN is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
R3 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2- 4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl,
(hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl,
(aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl,
(di( 1 -4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl , (( 1 - 4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, and ((l-4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl
(wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is phenylene; n is 0; m is O, 1 or 2;
R is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro; R2 is selected from RNa where RNa is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
R is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-
4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl,
(hydroxy) [( 1 -4C)alkoxy] (2-4C)alkyl , (amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl,
(di ( 1 -4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl , (( 1 -
4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, and ((l-4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl
(wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is phenylene; n is 0; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro; R2 is selected from RNa where RNa is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
R3 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-
4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl,
(hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl and ((1- 4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof.
In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein A is phenylene; n is O; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro; R is selected from RNa where RNa is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
R is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2- (methylthio)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(cyano)ethyl, 1-
(hydroxy)-2-(amino)ethyl, l-(amino)-2-(hydroxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(aminocarbonyl)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-3-(aminocarbonyl)propyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(N-methylaminocarbonyl)ethyl, 1-
(hydroxy)-2-(N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl, l-(methylcarbonylamino)-2-(hydroxy)ethyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof.
In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein
A is phenylene; n is O; m is 0, 1 or 2; R4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
R2 is selected from RNa where RNa is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
R3 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-
(methylthio)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(cyano)ethyl, 1-
(hydroxy)-2-(amino)ethyl and l-(amino)-2-(hydroxy)ethyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein A is phenylene; n is O; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro; 2
R is selected from R a where RN is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
R is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl, l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl, l-(hydroxy)-2- (methylthio)ethyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein A is phenylene; n is O; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro;
R2 is selected from RNa where RN is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl; R3 is selected from R b where RNb is selected from hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2- hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxyisobutyl, dihydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. In another aspect of the invention is provided a compound of the formula (I) wherein A is phenylene; n is O; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R4 is selected from methyl, chloro and fluoro; R2 is selected from RNa where RN is selected from methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl;
R3 is selected from RNb where RNb is selected from 1,2-dihydroxypropyl, 2,3- dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxypropyl and l-(hydroxy)-2-(methoxy)ethyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and in-vivo hydrolysable esters thereof. Preferred compounds of the invention are of the formula (1 A), wherein R1 to R4, m and n are as defined in any aspect or embodiment described hereinbefore or hereinafter.
Figure imgf000028_0001
(1A) In one aspect, preferred compounds of the invention are compounds of the formula (1) or (1A) as defined hereinbefore or hereinafter wherein R3 contains an hydroxy group on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group. Further preferred compounds of the invention are compounds of the formula (1) or (1 A) as defined hereinbefore or hereinafter wherein R3 contains an amino group on the carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group. Particular compounds of the invention are each of the Examples, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof, each of which provides a further independent aspect of the invention. In a further aspect of the invention there is provided any two or more of the Examples or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or an in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof which process (wherein A, R1 to R4 m and n are, unless otherwise specified, as defined in formula (1)) comprises of: a) reacting an acid of the formula (2):
Figure imgf000028_0002
(2) or an activated derivative thereof; with an amine of formula (3):
Figure imgf000028_0003
(3) and thereafter if necessary: i) converting a compound of the formula (1) into another compound of the formula (1); ii) removing any protecting groups; iii) forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester. Specific reaction conditions for the above reaction are as follows. Process a) Acids of formula (2) and amines of formula (3) may be coupled together in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent. Standard peptide coupling reagents known in the art can be employed as suitable coupling reagents, or for example carbon yldiimidazole, l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodi-imide hydrochloride (EDCI) and dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide (DCCI), optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as 1- hydroxybenzotriazole, dimethylaminopyridine or 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, optionally in the presence of a base for example triethylamine, di-isopropylethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-di-αZ y/-pyridines such as 2,6-lutidine or 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine. Suitable solvents include dimethylacetamide, dichloromethane, benzene, tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide. The coupling reaction may conveniently be performed at a temperature in the range of -40 to 40°C. Suitable activated acid derivatives include acid halides, for example acid chlorides, and active esters, for example pentafluorophenyl esters. The reaction of these types of compounds with amines is well known in the art, for example they may be reacted in the presence of a base, such as those described above, and in a suitable solvent, such as those described above. The reaction may conveniently be performed at a temperature in the range of -40 to 40°C. The acids of formula (2) are commercially available or they are known compounds or they are prepared by processes known in the art. Compounds of formula (3) may be prepared according to Scheme 3:
Figure imgf000030_0001
NaN3 / dimethylacetamide
Figure imgf000030_0002
Scheme 3 Compounds of formula (3a) are commercially available or they are known compounds or they are prepared by processes known in the art. For example, starting from primary amines of formula (7), in which R is H or a suitable protecting group, one or both of R2 and/or R3 may be introduced by acylation, (for example reacting with acetoxyacetic acid and l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride -EDAC), alkylation, reductive alkylation, sulphonation or related processes, followed by O-deprotection when appropriate. Alternatively, one or both of R and/or R may be obtained by modification of functionality in groups previously thus introduced, by reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis (for example the conversion of an acetoxy group to a hydroxy group), nucleophilic displacement, amidation, or a related process, or a combination of these processes, followed by O- deprotection when appropriate. It will be appreciated that such modifications may include modifications which convert one compound of the formula (1) into another compound of the formula (1).
Figure imgf000030_0003
Amines of formula (3) may alternatively be obtained by applying the processes described for the preparation of compounds of formula (3a) to compounds of formula (8) in which W is NH2 or a nitrogen atom with one or two suitable protecting groups.
Figure imgf000031_0001
Alternatively, amines of formula (3) may also be prepared by the process in Scheme
3A. Compounds of formula A are commercially available or they are known compounds or they are prepared by processes known in the art. For example compound A can be converted to the phthalami do-protected intermediate C under standard conditions (Step 1). Alkylation can then be performed under standard conditions (Step 2: NaH, Mel, DMA). Removal of the phthalamide then affords amine D (Steps 3; hydrazine hydrate, EtOH).
Figure imgf000031_0002
Scheme 3A Compounds of the formula (3) where r = 1 and wherein A is heteroarylene can be prepared from suitably functionalised cycloalkyl fused heterocycles. For example, when A is pyridine,
Figure imgf000032_0001
(3b) (3c) compounds of formula (3b) and (3c) may be prepared from the corresponding azaindanone regioisomer according to Scheme 4 :-
Figure imgf000032_0002
Scheme 4 Step 1 is performed on a compound known in the literature (Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, 1995, 14. JP 07070136). Steps 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are performed using standard techniques known in the art. It will be appreciated that the bromo azaindanone isomers (21a, 21b and 21c) could
Figure imgf000032_0003
(21a) (21b) (21c) be converted to the corresponding heterocylic version of (3) by the means described in Scheme 4. The bromo azaindanones can be prepared from the corresponding azaindanones by standard techniques known in the art. The azaindanones (22a, 22b, 22c) are known in the literature or they are prepared by processes known in the art.
Figure imgf000033_0001
The process described above and shown in Scheme 4 may also be applied to other six membered heterocycles containing more than one nitrogen. It will be appreciated that, in a similar manner, compounds of the formula (3) wherein A is heteroarylene containing a bridgehead nitrogen can be prepared from the appropriate suitably functionalised cycloalkyl fused heterocycles. It will be appreciated that the processes described above for formation and modification of -NR 2 C(O)R 3 may be applied similarly whether to make the compound of formula (3) before coupling to the acid of formula (2) or whether to the product of such a coupling. It will be appreciated that certain of the various ring substituents in the compounds of the present invention, for example R1 may be introduced by standard aromatic substitution reactions or generated by conventional functional group modifications either prior to or immediately following the processes mentioned above, and as such are included in the process aspect of the invention. Such reactions may convert one compound of the formula (1) into another compound of the formula (1). Such reactions and modifications include, for example, introduction of a substituent by means of an aromatic substitution reaction, reduction of substituents, alkylation of substituents and oxidation of substituents. The reagents and reaction conditions for such procedures are well known in the chemical art. Particular examples of aromatic substitution reactions include the introduction of a nitro group using concentrated nitric acid, the introduction of an acyl group using, for example, an acyl halide and Lewis acid (such as aluminium trichloride) under Friedel Crafts conditions; the introduction of an alkyl group using an alkyl halide and Lewis acid (such as aluminium trichloride) under Friedel Crafts conditions; and the introduction of a halogen group. Particular examples of modifications include the reduction of a nitro group to an amino group by for example, catalytic hydrogenation with a nickel catalyst or treatment with iron in the presence of hydrochloric acid with heating; oxidation of alkylthio to alkylsulphinyl or alkylsulphonyl. It will also be appreciated that in some of the reactions mentioned herein it may be necessary/desirable to protect any sensitive groups in the compounds. The instances where protection is necessary or desirable and suitable methods for protection are known to those skilled in the art. Conventional protecting groups may be used in accordance with standard practice (for illustration see T.W. Green, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, 1991). Thus, if reactants include groups such as amino, carboxy or hydroxy it may be desirable to protect the group in some of the reactions mentioned herein. A suitable protecting group for an amino or alkylamino group is, for example, an acyl group, for example an alkanoyl group such as acetyl, an alkoxycarbonyl group, for example a methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl group, an arylmethoxycarbonyl group, for example benzyloxycarbonyl, or an aroyl group, for example benzoyl. The deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group. Thus, for example, an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or alkoxycarbonyl group or an aroyl group may be removed for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide. Alternatively an acyl group such as a t-butoxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid as hydrochloric, sulphuric or phosphoric acid or trifluoroacetic acid and an arylmethoxycarbonyl group such as a benzyloxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon, or by treatment with a Lewis acid for example boron tris(trifluoroacetate). A suitable alternative protecting group for a primary amino group is, for example, a phthaloyl group which may be removed by treatment with an alkylamine, for example dimethylaminopropylamine, or with hydrazine. A suitable protecting group for a hydroxy group is, for example, an acyl group, for example an alkanoyl group such as acetyl, an aroyl group, for example benzoyl, or an arylmethyl group, for example benzyl. The deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups will necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group. Thus, for example, an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or an aroyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide. Alternatively an arylmethyl group such as a benzyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon. A suitable protecting group for a carboxy group is, for example, an esterifying group, for example a methyl or an ethyl group which may be removed, for example, by hydrolysis with a base such as sodium hydroxide, or for example a t-butyl group which may be removed, for example, by treatment with an acid, for example an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, or for example a benzyl group which may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon. The protecting groups may be removed at any convenient stage in the synthesis using conventional techniques well known in the chemical art. Certain intermediates in the preparation of a compound of the formula (1) are novel and form another aspect of the invention. Compounds of the invention generally possess improved physical properties (for example solubility and/or plasma-protein binding) in comparison with those of the compounds previously disclosed. In combination with glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity, such physical properties render the compounds of the invention particularly useful as pharmaceuticals. The thermodynamic solubilities of Examples 2 and 19 are given in the table below.
Figure imgf000035_0001
The thermodynamic solubility data for the compounds of the invention as given above may be measured by agitating the compound in 0.1 M phosphate at pH7.4 for 24hours, then analysis of the supernatant (for example by LCUV/MS) using a solution (for example in DMSO) of known concentration as the calibrant.
Plasma Protein binding may be measured using an equilibrium dialysis technique, whereby compound is added to 10% plasma giving a concentration of 20 μM and dialysed with isotonic buffer for 18 hours at 37°C. The plasma and buffer solutions are analysed using LCUVMS and the first apparent binding constant for the compound derived. The binding constant is then used to determine the % free in 100% plasma.
The binding constant derived from the dialysis experiment is based upon a model of 1:1 binding between compound and albumin. p + D =^ PD [PD] Kl = [P] x [D]
where P = free protein, D = free drug, PD = drug protein complex, Kl = first apparent binding constant.
As stated hereinbefore the compounds defined in the present invention possesses glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity. This property may be assessed, for example, using the procedure set out below.
Assay The activity of the compounds is alternatively determined by measuring the inhibitory effect of the compounds on glycogen degradation, the production of glucose- 1 -phosphate from glycogen is monitored by the multienzyme coupled assay, as described in EP 0 846464 A2, general method of Pesce et al ( Pesce, M A, Bodourian, S H, Harris, R C, and Nicholson, J F (1977) Clinical Chemistry 23, 1171 - 1717). The reactions were in 384well microplate format in a volume of 50μl. The change in fluorescence due to the conversion of the co-factor NAD to NADH is measured at 340nM excitation, 465nm emission in a Tecan Ultra Multifunctional Microplate Reader. The reaction is in 50mM HEPES, 3.5mM KH2PO ι 2.5mM MgCl2, 2.5mM ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethyl ether) N.NN'.N'-tetraacetic acid, lOOmM KC1, 8mM D-(+)-glucose pH7.2, containing 0.5mM dithiothreitol, the assay buffer solution. Human recombinant liver glycogen phosphorylase a (hrl GP ) 20nM is pre- incubated in assay buffer solution with 6.25mM NAD, 1.25mg type III glycogen at 1.25 mg ml"1 the reagent buffer, for 30 minutes. The coupling enzymes, phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( Sigma) are prepared in reagent buffer, final concentration 0.25Units per well. 20μl of the hrl GPa solution is added to lOμl compound solution and the reaction started with the addition of 20ul coupling enzyme solution. Compounds to be tested are prepared in lOμl 5% DMSO in assay buffer solution, with final concentration of 1% DMSO in the assay. The non-inhibited activity of GPα is measured in the presence of lOμl 5% DMSO in assay buffer solution and maximum inhibition measured in the presence of 5mgs ml"1 N-ethylmaleimide. After 6 hours at 30°C Relative Fluoresence Units (RFUs) are measured at 340nM excitation, 465nm emission . The assay is performed at a test concentration of inhibitor of lOμM or lOOμM. Compounds demonstrating significant inhibition at one or both of these concentrations may be further evaluated using a range of test concentrations of inhibitor to determine an IC50, a concentration predicted to inhibit the enzyme reaction by 50%. Activity is calculated as follows:- % inhibition = (1 - (compound RFUs - fully inhibited RFUs)/ (non-inhibited rate RFUs - fully inhibited RFUs)) * 100. Typical IC50 values for compounds of the invention when tested in the above assay are in the range lOOμM to InM. The activity of Example 19 was O.llμM. The inhibitory activity of compounds was further tested in rat primary hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes were isolated by the collagenase perfusion technique, general method of Seglen (P.O. Seglen, Methods Cell Biology (1976) 13 29-83). Cells were cultured on Nunclon six well culture plates in DMEM (Dulbeco's Modified Eagle's Medium) with high level of glucose containing 10% foetal calf serum, NEAA (non essential amino acids), Glutamine, penicillin /streptomycin ((100units/100ug)/ml) for 4 to 6 hours. The hepatocytes were then cultured in the DMEM solution without foetal calf serum and with lOnM insulin and lOnM dexamethasone. Experiments were initiated after 18-20 hours culture by washing the cells and adding Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 2.5mM CaCl2 and 1% gelatin. The test compound was added and 5 minutes later the cells were challenged with 25nM glucagon. The Krebs-Henseleit solution was removed after 60 min incubation at 37°C , 95%O2/5%CO2 and the glucose concentration of the Krebs-Henseleit solution measured. According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, as defined hereinbefore in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier. The compositions of the invention may be in a form suitable for oral use (for example as tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixirs), for topical use (for example as creams, ointments, gels, or aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions), for administration by inhalation (for example as a finely divided powder or a liquid aerosol), for administration by insufflation (for example as a finely divided powder) or for parenteral administration (for example as a sterile aqueous or oily solution for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular or intramuscular dosing or as a suppository for rectal dosing). The compositions of the invention may be obtained by conventional procedures using conventional pharmaceutical excipients, well known in the art. Thus, compositions intended for oral use may contain, for example, one or more colouring, sweetening, flavouring and/or preservative agents. In one aspect, the compositions of the invention are in a form suitable for oral dosage. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients for a tablet formulation include, for example, inert diluents such as lactose, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate, granulating and disintegrating agents such as corn starch or algenic acid; binding agents such as starch; lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc; preservative agents such as ethyl or propyl p_-hydroxybenzoate, and anti-oxidants, such as ascorbic acid. Tablet formulations may be uncoated or coated either to modify their disintegration and the subsequent absorption of the active ingredient within the gastrointestinal tract, or to improve their stability and/or appearance, in either case, using conventional coating agents and procedures well known in the art. Compositions for oral use may be in the form of hard gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil. Aqueous suspensions generally contain the active ingredient in finely powdered form together with one or more suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents such as lecithin or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids (for example polyoxethylene stearate), or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives (such as ethyl or propyl p_-hydroxybenzoate, anti- oxidants (such as ascorbic acid), colouring agents, flavouring agents, and/or sweetening agents (such as sucrose, saccharine or aspartame). Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil (such as arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil) or in a mineral oil (such as liquid paraffin). The oily suspensions may also contain a thickening agent such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set out above, and flavouring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid. Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water generally contain the active ingredient together with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients such as sweetening, flavouring and colouring agents, may also be present. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, such as olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, such as for example liquid paraffin or a mixture of any of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be, for example, naturally-occurring gums such as gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides such as soya bean, lecithin, an esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides (for example sorbitan monooleate) and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening, flavouring and preservative agents. Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents such as glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, aspartame or sucrose, and may also contain a demulcent, preservative, flavouring and/or colouring agent. The pharmaceutical compositions may also be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oily suspension, which may be formulated according to known procedures using one or more of the appropriate dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents, which have been mentioned above. A sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Compositions for administration by inhalation may be in the form of a conventional pressurised aerosol arranged to dispense the active ingredient either as an aerosol containing finely divided solid or liquid droplets. Conventional aerosol propellants such as volatile fluorinated hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons may be used and the aerosol device is conveniently arranged to dispense a metered quantity of active ingredient. For further information on formulation the reader is referred to Chapter 25.2 in
Volume 5 of Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Corwin Hansch; Chairman of Editorial Board), Pergamon Press 1990. The amount of active ingredient that is combined with one or more excipients to produce a single dosage form will necessarily vary depending upon the host treated and the particular route of administration. For example, a formulation intended for oral administration to humans will generally contain, for example, from 0.5 mg to 2 g of active agent compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of excipients which may vary from about 5 to about 98 percent by weight of the total composition. Dosage unit forms will generally contain about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient. For further information on Routes of Administration and Dosage Regimes the reader is referred to Chapter 25.3 in Volume 5 of Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Corwin Hansch; Chairman of Editorial Board), Pergamon Press 1990. The compound of formula (1) will normally be administered to a warm-blooded animal at a unit dose within the range 5-5000 mg per square meter body area of the animal, i.e. approximately 0.1-100 mg/kg, and this normally provides a therapeutically-effective dose. A unit dose form such as a tablet or capsule will usually contain, for example 1-250 mg of active ingredient. Preferably a daily dose in the range of 1-50 mg/kg is employed. However the daily dose will necessarily be varied depending upon the host treated, the particular route of administration, and the severity of the illness being treated. Accordingly the optimum dosage may be determined by the practitioner who is treating any particular patient. The inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase activity described herein may be applied as a sole therapy or may involve, in addition to the subject of the present invention, one or more other substances and/or treatments. Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of the individual components of the treatment. Simultaneous treatment may be in a single tablet or in separate tablets. For example, in order to prevent, delay or treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, the compounds of the present invention or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be administered in combination with one or more of the following agent(s): 1) Insulin and insulin analogues; 2) Insulin secretagogues including sulphonylureas (for example glibenclamide, glipizide), prandial glucose regulators (for example repaglinide, nateglinide) and glucokinase activators 3) Agents that improve incretin action (for example dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists) 4) Insulin sensitising agents including PPARgamma agonists (for example pioglitazone and rosiglitazone); and agents with combined PPARalpha and gamma activity 5) Agents that modulate hepatic glucose balance (for example metformin, fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase inhibitors, glycogen synthase kinase inhibitors, glucokinase activators) 6) Agents designed to reduce the absorption of glucose from the intestine (for example acarbose); 7) Agents that prevent the reabsorption of glucose by the kidney (SGLT inhibitors) 8) Agents designed to treat the complications of prolonged hyperglycaemia (for example aldose reductase inhibitors) 9) Anti-obesity agents (for example sibutramine and orlistat); 10) Anti- dyslipidaemia agents such as, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins, eg pravastatin); PPAR agonists (fibrates, eg gemfibrozil); bile acid sequestrants (cholestyramine); cholesterol absorption inhibitors (plant stanols, synthetic inhibitors); bile acid absorption inhibitors (IBATi) and nicotinic acid and analogues (niacin and slow release formulations); 11) Antihypertensive agents such as, β blockers (eg atenolol, inderal); ACE inhibitors (eg lisinopril); Calcium antagonists (eg. nifedipine); Angiotensin receptor antagonists (eg candesartan), antagonists and diuretic agents (eg. furosemide, benzthiazide); 12) Haemostasis modulators such as, antithrombotics, activators of fibrinolysis and antiplatelet agents; thrombin antagonists; factor Xa inhibitors; factor Vila inhibitors); antiplatelet agents (eg. aspirin, clopidogrel); anticoagulants (heparin and Low molecular weight analogues, hirudin) and warfarin; 13) Agents which antagonise the actions of glucagon; and 14) Anti -inflammatory agents, such as non-steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (eg. aspirin) and steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (eg. cortisone). According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a compound of the formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, as defined hereinbefore, for use in a method of treatment of a warm-blooded animal such as man by therapy. According to an additional aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, as defined hereinbefore, for use as a medicament. According to an additional aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, as defined hereinbefore, for use as a medicament in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, syndrome X, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, cardiac ischaemia or obesity in a warm-blooded animal such as man. According to this another aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a compound of the formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, as defined hereinbefore in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, syndrome X, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, cardiac ischaemia or obesity in a warm-blooded animal such as man. According to this another aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a compound of the formula (1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, as defined hereinbefore in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in a warm-blooded animal such as man. According to a further feature of this aspect of the invention there is provided a method of producing a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory effect in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (1). According to this further feature of this aspect of the invention there is provided a method of treating type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, syndrome X, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, cardiac ischaemia or obesity in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (1). According to this further feature of this aspect of the invention there is provided a method of treating type 2 diabetes in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (1). As stated above the size of the dose required for the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a particular cell-proliferation disease will necessarily be varied depending on the host treated, the route of administration and the severity of the illness being treated. A unit dose in the range, for example, 1-100 mg/kg, preferably 1-50 mg/kg is envisaged. In addition to their use in therapeutic medicine, the compounds of formula (1) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are also useful as pharmacological tools in the development and standardisation of in vitro and in vivo test systems for the evaluation of the effects of inhibitors of cell cycle activity in laboratory animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, rats and mice, as part of the search for new therapeutic agents. In the above other pharmaceutical composition, process, method, use and medicament manufacture features, the alternative and preferred embodiments of the compounds of the invention described herein also apply.
Examples The invention will now be illustrated by the following examples in which, unless stated otherwise:
(i) temperatures are given in degrees Celsius (°C); operations were carried out at room or ambient temperature, that is, at a temperature in the range of 18-25°C and under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon;
(ii) organic solutions were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate; evaporation of solvent was carried out using a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure (600-4000 Pascals; 4.5-30 mmHg) with a bath temperature of up to 60°C;
(iii) chromatography means flash chromatography on silica gel; thin layer chromatography
(TLC) was carried out on silica gel plates;
(iv) in general, the course of reactions was followed by TLC and reaction times are given for illustration only;
(v) yields are given for illustration only and are not necessarily those which can be obtained by diligent process development; preparations were repeated if more material was required; (vi) where given, NMR data is in the form of delta values for major diagnostic protons, given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard, determined at 300 MHz using perdeuterio dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO-dό) as solvent unless otherwise indicated, other solvents (where indicated in the text) include deuterated chloroform CDC13;
(vii) chemical symbols have their usual meanings; SI units and symbols are used; (viii) reduced pressures are given as absolute pressures in Pascals (Pa); elevated pressures are given as gauge pressures in bars;
(ix) solvent ratios are given in volume : volume (v/v) terms; (x) mass spectra (MS) were run with an electron energy of 70 electron volts in the chemical ionisation (CI) mode using a direct exposure probe; where indicated ionisation was effected by electron impact (El), fast atom bombardment (FAB) or electrospray (ESP); values for m/z are given; generally, only ions which indicate the parent mass are reported and unless otherwise stated the value quoted is (M-H)"; (xi) The following abbreviations may be used: SM starting material; EtOAc ethyl acetate; MeOH methanol; EtOH ethanol; DCM dichloromethane; HOBT 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole; DIPEA di-isopropylethylamine; EDCI l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride; ED AC l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride; Et2O/ether diethyl ether; THF tetrahydrofuran; DMF N, N-dimethylformamide; HATU 0-(7-Azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate ED AC l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride TFA Trifluoroacetic acid DMTMM 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride DMA N, N-dimethylacetamide
Example 1; 5-ChIoro-N-((lR.2R)-l-rr(25)-2<3-dihvdroxypropanoyl1(methyl)aminol-2,3- dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000045_0001
5-Chloro-N-{(lR,2/?)-l-[{[(45)-2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl]carbonyl}(methyl)amino]- 2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl}-lH-indole-2-carboxamide (Intermediate 1; 370 mg, 0.792 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (5ml) and water (1ml) and heated to 70 °C for 2hours.
Water (30 ml) was added and the resultant precipitate filtered, washed with water (2x3 ml) and dried in vacuo to give the title compound (300 mg, 88%) as a powder.
1H ΝMR 5: 2.63 (s, 1.5Η), 2.87 (s, 1.5H), 3.04 (m, IH), 3.25 (m, IH), 3.54 (m, 3H), 4.43 (m, IH), 4.87 (m, 2H), 5.8 (d, 0.5H), 6.2 (0.5H), 7.15 (m, 6H), 7.42 (d, IH), 7.7 (d, IH), 8.9 (d,
IH), 11.76 (s, 0.5H), 11.79 (s, 0.5H); MS m/z426, 428 (M-H).
Example 2: 5-Chloro-N-f(lR.2R)-l-rmethyl(seryl)amino1-2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-vU- lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000045_0002
DIPEA (266 μL, 1.53 mmol), HOBT (101 mg, 0.75 mmol), N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-serine (103 mg, 0.5 mmol) and EDAC (119 mg, 0.62 mmol) were added to a suspension of 5- chloro-N-[(l/?,2R)-l-(methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 2; 188 mg, 0.5 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL). The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for approximately 16 h, diluted with water (20 mL) and the precipitated solid recovered by filtration and dried under vacuum. The crude material was purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluent gradient: 0-80% EtOAc in hexane) and then dissolved in 4M HCl / Dioxan. After standing for 1 hour at ambient temperature, the volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the resulting gum triturated with ether to give the title compound (120mg, 56%) as a white solid.
1H NMR δ: 2.7 (s, 1.5H), 2.9 (s, 1.5H), 3.1 (m, IH), 3.3 (m, IH), 3.8 (m, 2H), 4.4 (m, IH), 5.0 (m, IH), 5.6 (m, IH), 5.8 (d, 0.5H), 6.2 (d, 0.5H), 7.2 (m, 6H), 7.45 (d, IH), 7.7 (d, IH), 8.2 (m, 2H), 9.0 (d, 0.5H), 9.4 (d, 0.5H), 11.85 (d, IH); MS m/z 427.
Example 3: N-{(lR.2R)-l-r(N-Acetylseryl)(methyl)amino1-2.3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl)-5- chloro- lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000046_0001
DIPEA (307 μL, 1.8 mmol), HOBT (74 mg, 0.55 mmol), N-acetylserine (74 mg, 0.5 mmol) and EDAC (115 mg, 0.6 mmol) were added to a suspension of 5-chloro-N-[(lR,2/?)-l- (methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 2, 191mg, 0.5 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL). The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for approximately 16 h, filtered and the product isolated by reverse phase preparative ΗPLC (C18 ODS column, acetonitrile / water gradient 5-95% containing 0.2% TFA eluent) to give the title compound (29mg. 11%).
1H ΝMR δ: 1.8 (m, 3Η), 2.65 (m, 1.5H), 2.9 (m, 1.5H), 3.3 (m, 4H), 4.9 (m, 2H), 5.95 (m, IH), 7.4 (m, 8H), 8.1 (m, IH), 8.9 (m, IH), 11.75 (m, IH); MS m/z 467 (M-H)". Example 4: (2S)-N1-((lR<2R)-2-{r(5-Chloro-lH-indol-2-yl arbonyllamino)-2.3-dihvdro- lH-inden-l-yl)-2-hydroxy-N1-methylpentanediamide
Figure imgf000047_0001
5-Chloro-N-[(l/?,2R)-l-(methyl{ [(25)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl]carbonyl}amino)-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide (Intermediate 16; lOOmg, 0.22mmol) was suspended in ammonia (5 mL, 2M in isopropanol, 2.5 mmol) and the mixture heated by microwave irradiation at 150 °C for 30 min. After evaporation of the reaction mixture the crude product by purified by reverse phase preparative ΗPLC (C18 ODS column, acetonitrile / water gradient 5-95% containing 0.2% TFA eluant) to give the title compound (42mg. 41%). 1H ΝMR δ: 1.65 (m, 1Η), 2.0 (m, 1Η), 2.2 (m, 2Η), 2.65 (s, 1.5H), 2.9 (s, 1.5H), 3.0 (m, IH), 3.25 (m, IH), 4.35 (m, IH), 4.65 (d, 0.5H), 4.9 (m, IH), 5.25 (d, 0.5H), 5.7 (d, 0.5H), 6.2 (d, 0.5H), 6.75 (d, IH), 6.9 (m, 0.5H), 7.2 (m, 6.5H), 7.4 (d, IH), 7.7 (s, IH), 8.95 (t, IH), 11.78 (s, IH); MS m/z 469.
The following example was prepared by the method of Example 4, using 5-fluoro-N-
[(l/?,2R)-l-(methyl{ [(2S)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl]carbonyl}amino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden- 2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide (Intermediate 17) as the ester.
Example 5: (25)-N1-((lR,2R)-2-fr(5-Fluoro-lH-indol-2-yl)carbonyllaminol-2.3-dihvdro- lf^-inden-l-yl)-2-hvdroxy-N1-methylpentanediamide
Figure imgf000047_0002
1H NMR δ: 1.6 (m, IH), 1.9 (m, IH), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.65 (s, 1.5H), 2.85 (s, 1.5H), 3.0 (m, IH), 3.25 (m, IH), 4.3 (m, IH), 4.6 (d, 0.5H), 4.9 (m, IH), 5.25 (d, 0.5H), 5.75 (d, 0.5H), 6.2 (d, 0.5H), 6.8 (d, IH), 7.05 (m, 3H), 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.4 (m, 2H), 8.9 (m, IH), 11.66 (s, IH); MS m/z 453.
Example 6; 5-Chloro-N-f(lR,2R)-l-rr(25)-2-hvdroxy-3-methoxypropanoyll (methyl)aminol-2,3-dihvdro-lff-inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000048_0001
5-Chloro-N-((l/?,2Λ)-l-{methyl[(2S)-oxiran-2-ylcarbonyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2- yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide (Intermediate 18; 100 mg, 0.24 mmol) was suspended in a solution of sodium methoxide (3 mL, 0.5M in MeOΗ, 6 mmol) and heated under microwave irradiation at 100 °C for 5 min. Acetic acid (0.5 mL) was then added and the reaction mixture evaporated. The residue was then purified by reverse phase preparative ΗPLC (C18 ODS column, acetonitrile / water gradient 5-95% containing 0.2% TFA eluant) to give the title compound (37 mg. 35%).
1H ΝMR δ: 2.6 (s, 1.5Η), 2.85 (s, 1.5H), 3.0 (m, 2.5H), 3.4 (m, 4.5H), 4.6 (m, IH), 4.9 (m, IH), 5.75 (d, 0.5H), 6.2 (d, 0.5H), 6.95 (m,0.5H), 7.2 (m, 5.5H), 7.4 (d, IH), 7.7 (s, IH), 8.9 (m, IH), 11.8 (d, IH); MS m/z 442.
The following example was prepared by the method of Example 6, using 5-fluoro-N-
((lR,2Λ)-l-{methyl[(2S)-oxiran-2-ylcarbonyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lH-indole- 2-carboxamide (Intermediate 19) as the epoxide.
Example 7: 5-Fluoro-N-f(lR.2R)-l-rr(2S)-2-hvdroχy-3-methoxypropanoyll (methyl)aminol-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl|-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000048_0002
1H NMR δ: 2.6 (s, 1.5H), 2.85 (s, 1.5H), 3.0 (m, 2.5H), 3.4 (m, 4.5H), 4.6 (m, IH), 4.9 (m, IH), 5.75 (d, 0.5H), 6.2 (d, 0.5H), 7.05 (m, 3H), 7.3 (m, 3H), 7.4 (m, 2H), 8.9 (t, IH), 11.7 (d, IH); MS m z 426.
Example 8: (25)-N1-((lR,2R)-2-{r(5-Chloro-lH-indol-2-yl)carbonyllaminol-2.3-dihvdro- lH-inden-l-yl)-2-hvdroxy-N1-methylsuccinamide
Figure imgf000049_0001
(2S)-4-Amino-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid (CAS Reg. No.: [57229-74-0], 109 mg, 0.82 mmol), 5-chloro-N-[(l/?,2 ?)-l-(methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2- carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 2; 280 mg, 0.74 mmol), ΗOBT (111 mg, 0.82 mmol), triethylamine (0.46 mL, 3.3 mmol) were suspended in DMF (5 mL) and stirred at room temperature. EDCI (157 mg, 0.82 mmol) was added and stirring was continued for a further 18 hours. The reaction mixture was purified by reverse phase ΗPLC (5-95% acetonitrile / water gradient containing 0.2% TFA) to give the title compound (36 mg, 11%) as a white solid.
1H ΝMR δ: 2.36 (m, 1Η), 2.49 (m, 1Η), 2.75 (d, 3Η), 3.00 (m, IH), 3.24 (m, IH), 4.81 (m, 2H), 5.94 (dd, IH), 6.81 (d, IH), 7.21 (m, 7H), 7.41 (d, IH), 7.69 (d, IH), 8.92 (dd, IH), 11.77 (d, IH); MS m/z 455.2.
The following examples were made by the process of Example 8 using the appropriate amine hydrochloride salt (Intermediate 10, 11 or 12) and (25)-4-amino-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid.
Example 9; (25)-N1-((lR,2R)-2-{r(5-Fluoro-lH-indol-2-yl)carbonvnamino)-2.3-dihvdro- lH-inden-l-vD^-hydroxy-N^methylsuccinamide
Example 10: (25)-2-Hvdroxy-N1-((lR.2R)-2-r(lH-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)amino1-2.3- dihydro-lH-inden-l-vD-N^methylsuccinamide
Example 11: (25)-2-Hvdroxy-N1-methyl-N1- iR,2R)-2-fr(5-methyl-lH-indoI-2- yDcarbonvnamin(θ)-2.3-dihvdro°l^°in en-l-v.)sωccinaπ-ide
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000050_0003
Example 12: N-f(lR.2R)-l-rr(25)-2-Hvdroxybutanovn(methvnaminol-2.3-dihvdro-lH- inden-2-yl)-5-methyl-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000050_0002
5-Methyl-N-[(lR,2/?)-l-(methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 12; 356 mg, 1.0 mmol) and (5)-2-hydroxybutyric acid (104 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in DMA (10 mL). DIPEA (342 μL, 2.0 mmol), ΗOBT (135 mg, 1.0 mmol) and EDCI (240 mg, 1.25 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. Further (S)-2-hydroxybutyric acid (52 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h. EDCI (240 mg, 1.25 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred for a further 2 h. The volatiles were removed in vacuo, EtOAc (15 mL) added and the organic layer washed with water (3 x 15 mL) and brine (1 x 15 mL), then the volatiles removed in vacuo to give a brown solid. Purification by silica gel chromatography (CombiFlash Optix, 40 g column, eluent gradient: 1:1, EtOAc:isohexanes to 4: 1 , EtOAc:isohexanes) to give the title compound (40 mg, 10%) as a white solid. 1H NMR δ: 0.6 (t, 1.5H), 0.9 (t, 1.5H), 1.5 (m, 2H), 2.4 (s, 3H), 2.6 (s, 1.5H), 2.8 (s, 1.5H), 3.0 (dd, IH), 3.2 (dd, IH), 4.3 (m, IH), 4.8 (d, 0.5H), 4.9 (m, IH), 5.0 (d, 0.5H), 5.7 (d, 0.5H), 6.2 (d, 0.5H), 7.0 (m, 3H), 7.3 (m, 4H), 7.4 (s, IH), 8.8 (t, IH), 11.4 (d, IH); MS m/z 406 (M+H), 428 (M+Na), 404 (M-H).
The following examples were made by the process of Example 12 using the appropriate amine hydrochloride salt intermediate (Intermediates 10, 11 or 2) and (5)-2-hydroxybutyric acid as the carboxylic acid.
Example 13: 5-Fluoro-N-f(lR,2R)-l-rr(25)-2-hvdroxybutanovn(methyl)aminol-2.3- dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl}-lH-indole-2-carboxamide Example 14: N-l(lR.2R)-l-rr(25)-2-Hvdroxybutanoyll(methyl)amino1-2.3-dihvdro-lH- inden-2-yll-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Example 15: 5-Chloro-N-l(lRt2R)-l-rr(25)-2-hvdroxybutanovn(methyl)aminol-2.3- dihydro- lH-inden-2-yl|- lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0002
Example 16: N- lR.2R)-l-rr(25)-2.3-Dihvdroxypropanovn(methyl)amino1-2,3-dihvdro- lZ/-inden-2-yl}-5-methyl-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000052_0001
5-Methyl-N-[(lR,2/?)-l-(methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 12; 350 mg) and (4S)-2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic acid potassium salt (184 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in DMA (10 mL). DIPEA (342 μL, 2.0 mmol), ΗOBT (135 mg, 1.0 mmol) and EDCI (240 mg, 1.25 mmol) were added. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 21 h. Water (40 mL) was added, the reaction mixture filtered and the residue dissolved in EtOAc (20 mL). This was washed with water (2 x 20 mL) and brine (1 x 20 mL), dried (MgSO ) and evaporated to a yellow solid (390 mg). This solid was dissolved in acetic acid (glacial, 10 mL) and water (1 mL). The reaction was stirred at 60°C for 1.75 h. Water (50 mL) was added. Sodium hydroxide (2M solution) was added until the pH was approximately 7. EtOAc (50 mL) was added, the organic layer separated and washed with sodium bicarbonate (2 x 50 mL), water (1 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL). The solution was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give the title compound (270 mg, 69%) as a yellow solid.
1H NMR δ: 2.3 (s, 3H), 2.6 (s, 1.5H), 2.8 (s, 1.5H), 3.0 (m, IH), 3.2 (m, IH), 3.5 (m, 2H), 4.4 (m, 1.5H), 4.7 (d, 0.5H), 4.9 (d, 1.5H), 5.3 (d, 0.5H), 5.8 (d, 0.5H), 6.2 (d, 0.5H), 7.0 (m, 2.5H), 7.1 (m, 0.5H), 7.2 (m, 4H), 7.4 (s, IH), 8.8 (d, IH), 11.4 (d, IH); MS m/z 406 (M+H), 428 (M+Na), 404 (M-H).
Example 17: 5-Chloro-N-{(lR,2R)-l-rglvcoloyl(2-hvdroxyethyl)amino1-2,3-dihvdro-lH- inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000053_0001
5-Chloro-N-((lR,2R)-l-{ [2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)ethyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-lH- inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide (Intermediate 21; 454 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (15 mL). N-Ethyldiisopropylamine (172 μL, 1.0 mmol) was added. This solution was cooled in an ice bath and acetoxyacetyl chloride (107 μl, 1.0 mmol) was added dropwise over 2 minutes. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was then evaporated and EtOAc (50 mL) added. This organic layer was washed with Sodium bicarbonate (1 x 50 mL), water (2 x 50 mL), and brine (1 x 50 mL). This solution was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give a brown solid. This intermediate was dissolved in acetic acid (10 mL) and water (1 mL) and the reaction stirred at ambient temperature for 4.5 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and redissolved in MeOΗ (20 mL). Potassium carbonate (1 g) was added and the reaction stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. More potassium carbonate (1 g) was added and the reaction stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was evaporated and EtOAc (50 mL) added. This organic layer was washed with water (2 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL). This solution was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to a brown solid (420 mg). The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (CombiFlash Companion, 40 g column, eluent gradient: 1 : 1, EtOAc : isohexane to EtOAc) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (100 mg, 23%).
1H NMR (D2O/DMSO) δ: 3.0 (dd, IH), 3.1 (s, IH), 3.5 (m, 2H), 4.2 (s, 2H), 4.9 (s, IH), 5.5 (s, IH), 7.1 (m, IH), 7.2 (m, 4H), 7.5 (d, IH), 7.6 (s, IH); MS m/z 450/452 (M+Na) and 426/428 (M-H).
Example 18: 5-Chloro-N-f(lR.2R)-l-rr(25)-2-hvdroxybutanoyll(2-hvdroxyethyl)aminol-
2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl}-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000054_0001
5-Chloro-N-((lR,2 ?)-l-{ [(2S)-2-hydroxybutanoyl][2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2- yloxy)ethyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide (Intermediate 20, 130 mg, 0.24 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (glacial, 10 mL) and water (1 mL). The reaction was stirred at 60 °C for 7 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to an off-white solid. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (CombiFlash Companion, 40 g column, eluant gradient: 1:0, isohexane:EtOAc to pure EtOAc) to give the title compound (40 mg, 37%) as a white solid.
1H ΝMR δ: 0.8 (s, 3Η), 1.3 (s, IH), 1.5 (m, IH), 1.7 (m, IH), 3.0 (dd, IH), 3.4 (dd, IH), 3.57 (m, 3H), 4.4 (m, 2H), 5.0 (s, IH), 5.7 (s, IH), 7.1 (s, 2H), 7.2 (d, IH), 7.3 (m, 3H), 7.5 (d, IH), 7.7 (s, IH), 8.6 (d, IH), 11.5 (s, IH); MS m/z 478/480 (M+Νa) and 454/456 (M-H).
Example 19: 5-Chloro-N (lR,2R)-l-rr(2R)-2t3-dihvdroxypropanoyl1(methyl)amino1-2,3- dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000054_0002
5-Chloro-N-{(lR,2R)-l-[{ [(4R)-2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxolan-4-yl]carbonyl}(methyl)amino]- 2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl}-lH-indole-2-carboxamide (Intermediate 25; 380 mg, 814 mmol) was dissolved in 20% aqueous acetic acid (6 mL) and warmed to 70°C for 3h. The reaction was cooled, water (50 mL) added and the mixture filtered, the solid washed with water and dried in vacuo to give the title compound (160mg, 46%) as a powder.
1H ΝMR (mixture of rotamers): 2.75 (s, 1.5Η), 2.95 (s, 1.5H), 3.1 (m, IH), 3.3 (m, IH), 3.6 (m, 2H), 4.7 (m, 4H), 5.75 (d, 0.5H), 6.2 (d, 0.5H), 7.25 (m, 6H), 7.5 (d, IH), 7.8 (s, IH), 8.95 (d, IH), 11.82 (m, IH); MS m/z 426, 428 (M-H).
Intermediate l: 5-Chloro-N-|(lR,2R)-l-r(r(45)-2.2-dimethyl-1.3-dioxolan-4- vπcarbonyl)(methyl)amino1-2.3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000055_0001
Potassium 2,2-dimethyl- l,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylate (170 mg, 0.921 mmol), 5-chloro-N- [(l/?,2i?)-l-(methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 2; 315 mg, 0.837 mmol), DIPEA (143 μl, 0.837 mmol) and ΗOBT (113 mg, 0.837 mmol) were dissolved in DMA (5 ml), stirred for 5 minutes, EDCI (201 mg, 1.05 mmol) added and the mixture stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. Water (25ml) was added and the resultant precipitate filtered, dissolved in EtOAc (25 mL), washed with water (25 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (MgSO4), filtered and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (380 mg, 97%) as a foam.
1H ΝMR δ: 1.25 (m, 6Η), 2.65 (s, 1.8H), 2.87 (s, 1.2H), 3.03 (m, IH), 3.25 (m, IH), 4.03 (m, IH), 4.24 (m, IH), 4.9 (m, 2H), 4.75 (d, 0.6H), 6.13 (d, 0.4H), 7.2 (m, 6H), 7.42 (d, IH), 7.72 (d, IH), 8.85 (d, 0.4H), 8.95 (d, 0.6H), 11.74 (s, 0.4H), 11.81(s, 0.6H); MS m/z466, 468 (M- H). Intermediate 2: 5-Chloro-N-r(lR.2R)-l-(methylamino)-2.3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl1-lH- indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000056_0001
tert-Butyl ((lR,2/?)-2-{ [(5-chloro-lH-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l- yl)methylcarbamate (Intermediate 3; 780 mg, 1.77 mmol) was dissolved in ΗC1 solution (4N in dioxane, 15 ml) and stirred at ambient temperature for 24 hours. The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the residue dried in vacuo to give the title compound (632 mg, 95%) as a powder.
1H NMR δ: 2.7 (s, 3Η), 3.07 (dd, IH), 3.54 (dd, IH), 4.88 (m, 2H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 4H), 7.69 (d, IH), 7.8 (d, IH), 9.24 (d, IH), 9.62 (broad d, 2H), 11.9 (s, IH); MS m/z338, 340 (M-H).
Intermediate 3: fe -Butyl (QR,2R)-2-{r(5-chloro-lH-indol-2-yl)carbonvHamino)-2,3- dihvdro-l//-inden-l-yl)methylcarbamate
Figure imgf000056_0002
5-Chloroindole-2-carboxylic acid (CAS Reg no: 10517-21-2; 560mg, 2.86 mmol), tert-butyl
[(l/?,2/?)-2-amino-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl]methylcarbamate (Intermediate 4; 750mg,
2.86 mmol), DIPEA (490 μl, 2.86 mmol) and ΗOBT (386 mg, 2.86 mmol) were dissolved in
DCM (20 ml), stirred for 5 minutes, EDCI (685 mg, 3.58 mmol) added and the mixture stirred at ambient temperature for 24 hours. The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and EtOAc (50 mL) added. The organic phase was washed with water (25 mL), brine (25 mL) and dried (MgSO4), filtered and the solvent removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, EtOAc :Ηexane) to afford the title compound (800 mg, 62%) as a powder. 1H NMR δ: 1.2(s, 4.5H), 1.35(s, 4.5H), 2.65(s, 3H), 3.13(m, 2H), 4.8(m, IH), 5.65(m, IH), 7.2(m, 6H), 7.42(d, IH), 7.71(d, IH), 8.83(m, IH), 11.79(s, IH); MS m/z438, 440 (M-H).
Intermediate 4: fe -Butyl rQR.2R)-2-amino-2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-l-yllmethyl carbamate boc- / -N
Figure imgf000057_0001
(lR,25)-l-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl methanesulfonate (Intermediate 5; 3.0g, 8.8mmol) and sodium azide (2.3 g, 35.2 mmol) in dry DMA (30 mL) was heated to 90°C for 7 hours. The reaction was cooled and ethyl acetate (100 mL) added. The mixture was washed with water (6 x 25 mL), brine (50 mL) and dried (MgSO4). 10% Palladium on carbon (400 mg) was added to the organic solution which was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere for 4h, filtered through Celite and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc and then DCM:MeOΗ 9:1) to afford the title compound (1.2 g, 55%) as a pale brown oil. 1H NMR δ: 1.45 (m, 9H), 2.6 (s, 3H), 2.8 (m, IH), 3.3 (m, IH), 4.45 (m, IH), 5.55 (dd, IH), 7.26 (m, 4H); MS m/z 264.
Intermediate 5: (lR,2S)-l-r(fer^Butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino1-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden- 2-yl methanesulfonate boc- / -N
Figure imgf000057_0002
tert-Butyl [(lR,2S)-2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl]methylcarbamate (Intermediate 6;
3.0 g, 11.4 mmol) was dissolved in dry TΗF (40 mL) at 10°C. A solution of methane sulphonyl chloride (1.44 g, 12.55 mmol) in dry TΗF (10 mL) was added, the reaction allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 30 mins. The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and ethyl acetate (100 mL) added. The mixture was washed with water (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL) and the organic phase was dried (MgSO4), filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (EtOAc :Hexane) to afford the title compound (3.1g, 80%) as a colourless syrup. 1H NMR δ: 1.46 (s, 9H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, IH), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.32 (m, IH), 5.45 (m, IH), 5.68 (m, IH), 7.28 (m, 4H); MS m/z 342.
Intermediate 6: fe -Butyl r(lR,25)-2-hvdroxy-2.3-dihvdro-lH-inden-l- yll meth ylcarbamate
Figure imgf000058_0001
tert-Butyl methyl[(lR,2S)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l- yljcarbamate (Intermediate 7; 4.0 g, 11.5 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (50 mL), 4- toluene sulphonic acid added and the reaction stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours.
Saturated sodium bicarbonate (50 mL), water (100 mL) was added and ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 mins. The organic phase was separated, washed with water (50 mL), brine (50 mL) and dried (MgSO4). The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure to give the title compound (3.0 g, 99%) as an oil.
1H NMR δ: 1.45 (s, 9Η), 2.6 (s, 3H), 2.75 (m, IH), 3.05 (m, IH), 4.5 (m, IH), 5.05 (m, IH),
5.34 (m, IH), 7.03-7.3 (m, 4H).
Intermediate 7: fe -Butyl methvir(lR.2,S)-2-(tetrahvdro-2Hr-pyran-2-yloxy)-2,3-dihvdro- lH-inden-1-yllcarbamate boc— N
Figure imgf000058_0002
tert-Butyl [(l/?,2S)-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl]carbamate (Intermediate 8; 4.0 g, 12.0 mmol) was dissolved in dry DMA (25 mL) at 5°C. 60% Sodium hydride (575 mg, 14.4 mmol) was added, the reaction stirred at 5°C for 30 mins, allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for a further 30 mins. Methyl iodide (896 μL, 14.4 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The reaction was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 50ml). The organic extracts were washed with water (6 x 25 mL), brine (50 mL) and dried (MgSO ). The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure to give the title compound (4.1 g, 97%) as an oil. 1H NMR δ: 1.4-1.9 (m, 6H), 1.5 (s, 9H), 2.7 (dd, 3H), 2.85-3.3 (m, 2H), 3.5 (m, IH), 3.7-4.0 (m, IH), 4.6-4.9 (m, 2H), 5.5-5.85 (m, IH), 7.2 (s, 4H).
Intermediate 8: fe/f-Butyl rqR,2S)-2-(tetrahvdro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-2,3-dihvdro-lH- inden-1-vHcarbamate
Figure imgf000059_0001
t -Butyl [(lR,2S)-2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl]carbamate (Intermediate 9, 7.0 g, 28.1 mmol) and 3,4-dihydro-2Η-pyran (4.7 g, 56.2 mmol) dissolved in DCM (50 mL). 4- Toluenesul phonic acid pyridinium salt (100 mg) was added and the reaction stirred for 4 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with water (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL) and dried (MgSO4). The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure to give the title compound (8.9 g, 95%) as an oil. 1H NMR δ: 1.25-1.85 (m, 6H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 2.85-3.1 (m, 2H), 3.4 (m, IH), 3.8 (m, IH), 4.35- 5.1 (m, 3H), 6.8 (dd, IH), 7.2(s, IH).
Intermediate 9: fe -Butyl r(lR.25)-2-hvdroxy-2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-l-yllcarbamate
Figure imgf000059_0002
(lR,2S)-l-Amino-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-ol (CAS Reg. No. 136030-00-7; 10 g, 67.1 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (550 mL) and triethylamine (18.7 mL, 134.2 mmol). Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (18.3 g, 83.9 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was added and the mixture stirred at ambient temperature for 20 hours, and then evaporated. EtOAc (200 mL) was added, the solution washed with water (200 mL), dried (MgSO4) and the volatiles removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2, 4:1, Ϊ5θ-hexane:EtOAc eluent) to provide the title compound (16.1 g, 96%) as a white solid. 'H NMR δ: 1.42 (m, 9H), 2.78 (dd, IH), 3.00 (dd, IH), 4.36 (m, IH), 4.84 (m, IH), 4.95 (m, IH), 6.3 (d, IH), 7.13 (m, 4H).
The following intermediates were made by the process of Intermediate 2, using the appropriate carbamate intermediate (Intermediate 13, 14 or 15). Intermediate 10: 5-fluoro-N-r(lR.2R)-l-(methylamino)-2.3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yll-lH- indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride Intermediate 11: N-r(lR<2R)-l-(methylamino)-2.3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-vn-lH-indole-2- carboxamide hydrochloride Intermediate 12: 5-Methyl-N-r(lR.2R)-l-(methylamino)-2.3-dihvdro-l -inden-2-yll-lH- indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride
Figure imgf000060_0001
Figure imgf000060_0002
The following intermediates were made by the process of Intermediate 3, using tert-butyl [(lR,2/?)-2-amino-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl]methylcarbamate (Intermediate 4) as the carbamate and the appropriate commercially available indole-2-carboxylic acid. Intermediate 13: fe -Butyl ((lR.2R)-2-{r(5-nuoro-lH-indol-2-yl)carbonyllaminol-2.3- dihydro-lH-inden-l-vDmethylcarbamate Intermediate 14: fe -Butyl f (lR.2R)-2-r(lH-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)amino1-2.3-dihydro-lH- inden-l-yl)methylcarbamate Intermediate 15: fe -Butyl methyl((lR.2R)-2-!r(5-methyl-lH-indol-2- yl)carbonyl1amino}-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)carbamate
Figure imgf000061_0001
Figure imgf000061_0002
Intermediate 16: 5-Chloro-N-r(lR.2R)-l-(methvUr(25)-5-oxotetrahvdrofuran-2- yllcarbonyl|amino)-2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yll-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000062_0001
DIPEA (173 μL, 1.0 mmol), (25)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (260 mg, 2 mmol) and EDAC (328 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added to a suspension of 5-chloro-N-[(li?,2/?)-l- (methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 2, 375.5 mg, 1.0 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 mL). The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 3h and then diluted with EtOAc (50 mL). The solution was washed with water (4x20 mL), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give a gum that was triturated with ether to give the title compound (340mg, 75%) as a white solid.
1H ΝMR δ: 2.3 (m, 4Η), 2.7 (s, 1.5H), 2.9 (s, 1.5H), 3.05 (m, IH), 3.25 (m, IH), 4.9 (m, IH), 5.5 (m, 1.5H), 6.1 (d, 0.5H), 7.2 (m, 6H), 7.45 (d, 1.0H), 7.7 (d, IH), 8.9 (d, 1.0H), 11.9 (d, IH); MS m/z 452.
The following intermediate was prepared by the method of Intermediate 16 using 5-fluoro- N-[(lR,2R)-l-(methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 10) as the amine.
Intermediate 17: 5-Fluoro-N-r(lR.2R)-l-(methyl(r(25)-5-oxotetrahvdrofuran-2- yllcarbonyl}amino)-2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl1-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000062_0002
1H ΝMR δ: 2.3 (m, 4Η), 2.75 (s, 1.5H), 2.9 (s, 1.5H), 3.05 (m, IH), 3.25 (m, IH), 4.9 (m, IH), 5.55 (m, 1.5H), 6.1 (d, 0.5H), 7.1 (m, 3H), 7.3 (m, 3H), 7.4 (m, 2H), 8.9 (d, IH), 11.7 (d, IH); MS m/z 436. Intermediate 18: 5-Chloro-N-((lR.2R)-l-{methvir(25)-oxiran-2-ylcarbonyllaminol-2.3- dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000063_0001
EDAC (573 mg, 3 mmol) was added to a stirred suspension of 5-chloro-N-[(lΛ,2R)-l- (methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride
(Intermediate 2; 375.5 mg, 1.0 mmol) and potassium (25)-oxirane-2-carboxylate (378 mg, 3 mmol) in DMF (5 mL). After stirring for 2h at ambient temperature water (20 mL) was added and the resulting solid precipitate was collected by filtration, washed well with water and dried under vacuum. MS m/z 410.
The following intermediate was prepared by the process of Intermediate 18 using 5-fluoro- N-[(lR,2R)-l-(methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH-indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 10) amine hydrochloride salt and (2S)-oxirane-2-carboxylate as the carboxylate source.
Intermediate 19: 5-Fluoro-N-((lR,2R)-l-{methvir(25)-oxiran-2-ylcarbonyllamino)-2,3- dihydro- lH-inden-2- yl)- lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000063_0002
MS m/z 394. Intermediate 20: 5-Chloro-N-((lR.2R)-l-ir(2S)-2-hvdroxybutanoylir2-(tetrahvdro-2H- pyran-2-yloxy)ethvnamino}-2.3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000064_0001
5-Chloro-N-((lR,2R)-l-{ [2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)ethyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-lH- inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide (Intermediate 21; 227 mg, 0.5 mmol) and (S)-2- hydroxybutyric acid (52 mg, 0.5 mmol) was dissolved in DMA (10 mL). N- Ethyldiisopropylamine (172 μL, 1.0 mmol) and O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-l-Yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluoro-phosphate (190 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h. Water (30 mL) was added, the mixture filtered and the residue dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL). This organic layer was washed with water (2 x 50 mL) and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to a brown solid. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (CombiFlash Companion, 12 g column, eluent gradient:EtOAc to 2 : 1, EtOAc : MeOΗ) to give the title compound as an orange solid (175 mg, 65%). 1H ΝMR δ: 0.8 (s, 3Η), 1.3-1.7 (m, 8H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 3.3-3.8 (m, 6H), 4.3-4.7 (m, 3H), 5.0 (s, IH), 5.7 (s, IH), 7.0-7.3 (m, 6H), 7.4 (d, IH), 7.6 (s, IH), 8.5 (d, IH), 11.4 (s, IH); MS m/z 562/564 (M+Νa) and 538/540 (M-H).
Interemdiate 21: 5-Chloro-N-((lR,2R)-l-(r2-(tetrahvdro-2H-pyran-2- vIoxy)ethyllaminol-2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lZ/-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000064_0002
N-[(l/?,2R)-l-Amino-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-5-chloro-lH-indole-2-carboxamide trifluoroacetate (Intermediate 22; 2.7 g, 7.45 mmol) was dissolved in DMA (20 mL). 2-(2- iodoethoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (1.9 g, 7.45 mmol) and N-ethyldiisopropylamine (2.55 mL, 14.9 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at 60°C overnight. More 2-(2- iodoethoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (1.9 g, 7.45 mmol) and N-ethyldiisopropylamine (2.55 mL, 14.9 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at 60°C for a further 24 h. The reaction was allowed to cool and poured into EtOAc (75 mL). This solution was then washed with water (6 x 75 mL) and brine (1 x 75 mL). The solution was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to a brown oil (4.4 g). The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (CombiFlash Companion, 120 g column, eluent: pure EtOAc) to give the title compound as a brown oil (1.23 g).
1H ΝMR (CDC13) δ: 1.5 (m, 4Η), 2.8 (dt, IH), 3.1 (m, 2H), 3.6 (m, 3H), 3.9 (m, 2H), 4.3 (d, IH), 4.6 (d, IH), 4.7 (m, IH), 6.6 (q, IH), 6.8 (d, IH), 7.2-7.4 (m, 7H), 7.6 (s, IH), 9.7 (s, IH); MS m/z 454/456 (M+H), 476/478 (M+Νa) and 452/454 (M-H).
Intermediate 22: N-r(lR.2R)-l-Amino-2.3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yll-5-chloro-lH-indole-2- carboxamide trifluoroacetate
Figure imgf000065_0001
tert-Butyl ((lR,2R)-2-{[(5-chloro-lH-indol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l- yl)carbamate (Intermediate 23; l.Og, 2.35mmol) dissolved in DCM (10 mL), TFA (2 mL) added and the mixture stirred for approximately 70 hours. Evaporation under reduced pressure followed by co-evaporation with chloroform (2 x 10 mL) and drying gave the title compound as the trifluoroacetate salt (1.0 g, 100%) as a pale brown amorphous powder. Η ΝMR 3.03 (dd, 1Η), 3.4 (dd, 1Η), 4.75 (m, 2Η), 7.17 (d, IH), 7.2 (d, IH), 7.36 (m, 3H), 7.46 (d, IH), 7.55 (m, IH), 7.72 (d, IH), 8.57 (s, 3H), 8.99 (d, IH); MS m/z 326, 328. Intermediate 23: fert-Butyl (QR.2R)-2-f r(5-chloro-lH-indol-2-vncarhonyllaminol-2.3- dihvdro-lH-inden-l-yl)carbamate
Figure imgf000066_0001
5-Chloroindole-2-carboxylic acid (391 mg, 2 mmol), tert-Butyl [(lR,2R)-2-amino-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl]carbamate (Intermediate 24; 497 mg, 2 mmol), DIPEA (350 μL, 2 mmol) and ΗOBT (270 mg, 2 mmol) were dissolved in DCM (10 mL), stirred for 5 mins, EDCI (479mg, 2.5 mmol), the reaction stirred for 3 hours and the volatiles removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. EtOAc (25 mL) was added and the organic solution washed with water (2 x 10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried (MgSO ) and the volatiles removed by evaporation under reduced pressure to give the title compound (800 mg, 94%) as a pale brown foam.
1H NMR δ: 1.47 (s, 9Η), 2.9 (dd, IH), 3.27 (dd, IH), 4.7 (m, IH), 5.25 (m, IH), 7.24 (m, 6H), 7.5 (m, 2H), 7.79 (s, IH), 8.91 (d, IH), 11.85 (s, IH), MS m/z 426, 428.
Intermediate 24: (1R, 2R)-2-Amino-l-r(l,l-dimethylethoxy)carbonylaminolindan
Figure imgf000066_0002
tert-Butyl [(lR,2S)-2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl]carbamate (Intermediate 9; 14.0g,
56.2mmol) was dissolved in DCM (200 mL) and triethylamine (11.8 mL, 84.3mmol).
Methanesulfonyl chloride (7.1 g, 61.9 mmol) dissolved in DCM (20 mL) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was evaporated and EtOAc (250 mL) added. After washing with water and drying over magnesium sulphate the organic solution was evaporated to yield -l-[(l,l-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino]-2- methanesulphonyloxyindan (9.7g, 98%) as a white solid.
1H NMR 1.45 (s, 9Η), 3.15 (m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 5.20 (m, IH), 5.35 (m, IH), 7.15 (m, 4H), 7.45 (d, lH). Cw-l-[(l,l-dimethylethoxy)carbonylamino]-2-methanesulphonyloxyindan (18. Ig, 55.3mmol) was dissolved in dry dimethyl acetamide (100 mL). Sodium azide (5.4g, 83.0mmol) was added and the mixture heated to 90°C for 6 hours. The reaction was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), washed with water (6 x 200 mL) and dried over magnesium sulphate. 10% Palladium on activated carbon was added and the mixture stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere for 24 hours. Filtration through celite followed by evaporation gave the title compound (2.6g, 98%) as a white solid. 1H NMR: 1.45 (s, 9H), 2.50 (dd, IH), 3.05 (dd, IH), 3.30 (m, 3H), 4.55 (m, IH), 7.1 (m, 5H).
Intermediate 25: 5-Chloro-N-{(lR.2R)-l-r(r(4R)-2<2-dimethyl-L3-dioxolan-4- yl1carbonyl)(methvI)amino1-2,3-dihvdro-lH-inden-2-yl)-lH-indole-2-carboxamide
Figure imgf000067_0001
To a solution of 5-chloro-N-[(l/?,2i?)-l-(methylamino)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yl]-lH- indole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 2; 315 mg, 0.837 mmol), (4R)-2,2- dimethyl- l,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic acid potassium salt (170 mg, 0.921 mmol) and DIPEA (143 μL, 0.837 mmol) in anhydrous DMA (5 mL) was added ΗOBT (113 mg, 0.837 mmol) and EDCI (201 mg, 1.05 mmol). The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for approximately 24h, water (30 mL) added and the mixture filtered. The solid was dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL, washed with water (20 mL), brine (20 mL), and dried (MgSO4). The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to give the title compound (380mg, 97%) as a pale yellow foam.
1H ΝMR (mixture of rotamers) δ: 1.2 (m, 6Η), 2.65 (s, 1.5H), 2.85 (s, 1.5H), 3.2 (m, 2H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 4.9 (m, 2H), 5.6 (d, 0.5H), 6.15 (d, 0.5H), 7.2 (m, 6H), 7.42 (d, IH), 7.7 (s, IH), 8.82 (m, IH), 11.78 (m, IH); MS m/z 466, 468 (M-H).

Claims

Claims
1. A compound of formula (1):
Figure imgf000068_0001
(i)
A is phenylene or heteroarylene; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2;
R .1 i :s, independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, N-(l-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-((l-4C)alkyl)2carbamoyl, sulphamoyl, N-(l-
4C)alkylsulphamoyl, N,N-((l-4C)alkyl)2sulphamoyl, -S(O)b(l-4C)alkyl (wherein b is 0,l,or 2), -OS(O)2(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, (l-4C)alkoxy, (1- 4C)alkanoyl, (l-4C)alkanoyloxy, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and -ΝHSO2(l-4C)alkyl; or, when n is 2, the two R1 groups, together with the carbon atoms of A to which they are attached, may form a 4 to 7 membered saturated ring, optionally containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S and N, and optionally being substituted by one or two methyl groups; one of R2 and R3 is selected from R a, and the other is selected from RNb; RNa: (l-3C)alkyl, halo(l-3C)alkyl, dihalo(l-3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-3C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-3C)alkyl, cyano(l-3C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxymethoxymethyl, dimethoxyethyl, (hydroxy)(methoxy)ethyl, 5- and 6-membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (dimethylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl, (methylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-3C)alkyl (wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); RNb: (l-4C)alkyl, halo(l-4C)alkyl, dihalo(l-4C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy(l-
4C)alkyl, dihydroxy(2-4C)alkyl, trihydroxy(3-4C)alkyl, cyano(l-4C)alkyl (optionally substituted on alkyl with hydroxy), (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl, (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkoxy(l-
4C)alkyl, di[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, (hydroxy)[(l-4C)alkoxy](2-4C)alkyl, 5- and 6- membered acetals and mono- and di-methyl derivatives thereof, (amino)(hydroxy)(2-
4C)alkyl, (aminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-
4C)alkyl, (di(l-4C)alkylaminocarbonyl)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((1-
4C)alkylcarbonylamino)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl, ((l-4C)alkylS(O)p-)(hydroxy)(2-4C)alkyl
(wherein p is 0, 1 or 2); wherein any alkyl or alkoxy group within any group in RNA and RNB may also optionally be substituted on an available carbon atom with a hydroxy group (provided that said carbon atom is not already substituted by a group linked by a heteroatom); provided that if R2 is (l-3C)alkyl or (l-4C)alkyl then R3 is not (l-4C)alkyl or (l-3C)alkyl;
R4 is independently selected from halo, nitro, hydroxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, (l-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-
4C)alkynyl, (l-4C)alkoxy and (l-4C)alkanoyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof.
2. A compound of formula (1) as claimed in Claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable ssaalltt oorr pprroo--ddrruugg tthheerreeooff,, wwhheerreeiinn RR22 iiss sseelleecctteedd ft from RNa, and R3 is selected from R b, wherein R and RNb are as defined in Claim 1.
3. A compound of formula (1) as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof, wherein A is phenylene.
4. A compound of formula (1) as claimed in Claim 1 , 2 or 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof, wherein n is 0.
5. A compound of formula (1) as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof, wherein m is 0 or 1.
6. A compound of formula (1) as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof, wherein R4 is methyl, chloro or fluoro.
7. A compound of formula (1) as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof, wherein RNa is selected from (1- 4C)alkyl, hydroxy(l-4C)alkyl, and (l-4C)alkoxy(l-4C)alkyl.
5 8. A compound of formula (1) as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or pro-drug thereof, which is a compound of formula (1A):
Figure imgf000070_0001
(1A) wherein R1 to R4, m and n are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7. 10 9. A pro-drug of a compound of formula (1) as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 8, which pro-drug is an in-vivo hydrolysable ester.
10. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the formula (1), as
15 claimed in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.
11. A compound of the formula (1), as claimed in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, for use in a method of treatment of a
20 warm-blooded animal such as man by therapy.
12. A compound of the formula (1), as claimed in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, for use as a medicament.
25 13. A compound of the formula (1), as claimed in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, for use as a medicament in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, syndrome X, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, cardiac ischaemia or obesity in a warm-blooded animal such as man.
14. The use of a compound of the formula (1), as claimed in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, syndrome X, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, cardiac ischaemia or obesity in a warm-blooded animal such as man.
15. The use of a compound of the formula (1), as claimed in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in-vivo hydrolysable ester thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in a warm-blooded animal such as man.
16. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (1) as claimed in claim 1, which process comprises: reacting an acid of the formula (2):
Figure imgf000071_0001
(2) or an activated derivative thereof; with an amine of formula (3):
Figure imgf000071_0002
(3) and thereafter if necessary: i) converting a compound of the formula (1) into another compound of the formula (1); ii) removing any protecting groups; iii) forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or in vivo hydrolysable ester.
PCT/GB2004/003552 2003-08-22 2004-08-18 Indol-2-amides as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors WO2005019172A1 (en)

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US7122567B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2006-10-17 Astrazeneca Ab Heterocyclic amide derivatives having glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity
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US7115648B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2006-10-03 Astrazeneca Ab Indole-amide derivatives and their use as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors
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