WO2005012638A1 - Fire retardant paper - Google Patents
Fire retardant paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005012638A1 WO2005012638A1 PCT/AU2004/000967 AU2004000967W WO2005012638A1 WO 2005012638 A1 WO2005012638 A1 WO 2005012638A1 AU 2004000967 W AU2004000967 W AU 2004000967W WO 2005012638 A1 WO2005012638 A1 WO 2005012638A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- fire retardant
- resin
- fire
- diammonium phosphate
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 diammonium phosphate Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XOUAQPDUNFWPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tris(hydroxymethyl)phenol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=C1CO XOUAQPDUNFWPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTSJMKGXGJFGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical class O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 GDTSJMKGXGJFGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroperoxide group Chemical group [O-]O MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002650 laminated plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/34—Ignifugeants
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/10—Phosphorus-containing compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/11—Halides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]
- Y10T428/273—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.] of coating
- Y10T428/277—Cellulosic substrate
Definitions
- a characteristic of the fibres and the nature of the matrix holding them together creates the ability to wick and retain liquids within the matrix in such a way that the bulk of the paper becomes wetted some considerable distance from the point of entry of the liquid.
- This characteristic is undesirable in many applications of paper.
- Writing and printing paper for example, needs to have a very low wicking characteristic in order to prevent ink from marking the fibres at any distance from its application thereby retaining clearly and sharply defined lines in only the places where the pen or printing machine has applied the ink.
- the wicking, retaining and replacing of liquid capability of paper is a highly desirable characteristic.
- An example of such an application is the evaporative media used as evaporative pads in an evaporative air cooler.
- the cooling performance of the evaporative cooler is highly dependant on water being distributed throughout the entire matrix of the evaporative pad thereby ensuring that all of the air passing through the evaporative pad comes in contact with only wet surfaces within the pad. Cooling of the air passing through the pad by evaporation of water wetting the pad can only take place on continuously wetted surfaces. Any surface, which is not held in a continuously wet state, will not cool the air impinging on it thereby degrading the overall cooling effect of the cooler. It is always an objective in the design of an evaporative cooler to distribute water evenly and uniformly throughout the evaporative pad in order to achieve maximum cooling effect on the air passing through.
- Papers used in the manufacture of such components as evaporative cooler pads must also achieve a long service life under the arduous condition of being continually wetted while in service, and subject to repeated wet and dry cycles.
- the paper must also withstand the rigours of exposure to sunlight (in particular the ultra-violet light component of sunlight) and extremes of climate. If the evaporative pads, or similar applications, were simply made from the paper as supplied by the paper manufacturer, the service life would be very short before the base paper material disintegrated back to a pulp.
- the paper is generally treated with a protecting resin which has the effect of protecting the cellulose fibres by encapsulation.
- thermoset polymer phenyl formaldehyde although other thermoset polymers may be used.
- This resin can be applied in a liquid form thereby soaking into the entire matrix of the paper and coating the cellulose fibres therein. The paper can then be processed into any desirable shape, and the resin cured and set rigid by the application of heat.
- the resin surrounds and protects the fibres in the paper thereby allowing the paper to withstand long term immersion in water without degradation of physical properties.
- the quantity of resin incorporated into the paper must be kept within narrow confines. If too little resin content is present in the paper it is not sufficiently protected. If too much resin, the wicking characteristics of the paper are compromised. While these methods of treating and processing paper are well known, it is found by practical example that another important characteristic of paper is not enhanced by the treatment with thermoset resin. It is found that the tendency of the paper to burn when subjected to flame or embers is still high when treated within the desired range of resin content, even though most thermoset resins are inherently nonflammable.
- the retained ability to burn is a by-product of the maintained porosity of the paper with open areas for water transfer.
- the tendency to burn is most important in some applications of treated papers.
- an ember lodging within the evaporative pad while the cooler is not in use, and therefore dry, could easily result in the cooler catching fire causing risk to life and property.
- the fire retardant mechanism used must be able to withstand continuous immersion in water for many years without leaching out and thereby becoming ineffective.
- That method is of no use to a manufacturer buying absorbent kraft paper from the general market for conversion into, for example, evaporative pads for evaporative coolers. Furthermore, that method results in paper which no longer has the wicking characteristic required in the application examples cited due to the filling effect on paper porosity of alumina trihydrate.
- Lowe and Cabello in GB 901,663 describe a method of manufacture of flame resistant materials for use in the manufacture of laminated plastics. Their method requires the addition of a water soluble inorganic salt to the resin mixture prior to saturation of the base fibre material, and curing of the resin. While effective as a fire retardant, this method does not have any regard to the long term immersion of the resulting product in water.
- the present invention in one aspect provides a method of treatment of resin impregnated manufactured paper to render the paper fire retardant, said method comprising the addition of a fire retardant compound containing borax and diammonium phosphate introduced into the paper.
- a resin treated fibrous material which includes the fire retardant system of an embodiment of the present invention, desirably meets the requirements of Underwriters Laboratories, USA, standard UL94 for burn testing of sample material, and the requirements of International Standard IEC335-1. Both of these Standards relate to the fire safety of appliances and / or individual components.
- the fire retardant mixture remains bonded to the resin system and is not displaced by water immersion of the treated paper.
- the fire retardant compound is added with the use of sodium hydroxide as a buffer.
- the pH of the fire retardant compound is held within the range of 8.0-9.0 by means of a sodium hydroxide buffer during addition to the resin, such buffer inhibiting sludge or residue formation during the addition of borax.
- the resin system is introduced to the fire retardant compound before application to the paper thereby enhancing the stability of the fire retardant mixture and resistance to degradation of the paper.
- the present invention provides a water immersible fire retardant paper, wherein said paper is resin impregnated and includes a fire retardant compound containing borax and diammonium phosphate.
- a fire retardant compound containing borax and diammonium phosphate Best Modes
- the primary constituent of any kraft paper is cellulose and decomposition and thermal degradation of cellulose at increased temperatures in the presence of water, acids and oxygen will eventually lead to the polymerization of the cellulose molecules and the formation of carbonyl, carboxyl and hydro-peroxide groups.
- the temperature at which this degradation is likely to occur is approximately 200 - 300°C, generally resulting in on-going combustion of the paper.
- phosphates to assist in increasing the fire-retardant properties of paper is well known and the use of phosphoric acid and its salts, including diammonium phosphate, may react with increased temperatures by forming a link between a phosphate salt molecule in the presence of slightly acidic organic compounds.
- a voluble salt such as borax, assists as a fire-retardant by being susceptible to moisture movement within the base material and migrates in accordance with any movement of this moisture within the product.
- the mechanism of fire-retardants in the body of the encapsulated kraft paper can be observed and compared to non-retarded product and the decrease in ash and increase in charred areas accounts for the reduction of free volatile and combustible vapours.
- the fire retardant compounds including borax and diammonium phosphate, all assist in increasing the residual char apparent and in reducing the generation of ash and totally decomposed material.
- Kraft paper in the form of evaporative media can be made to demonstrate the fire-retardant properties desired within the product although this does not imply that a totally non-combustible product is produced.
- the reaction of diammonium phosphate (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 at elevated temperatures causes the molecule to lose NH 3 to yield monoammonium phosphate. This reaction leads to the dehydration of glucose units from the cellulose chain by the addition of a positively charged particle to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group (OH " ), resulting in the formation of the unstable carbonium ion.
- the carbonium ion rearranges and regenerates a positively charged particle thereby propagating the process and the C-O bond is split to form an intermediate cyclic carbonium cation, which initiates the addition of a water molecule, resulting in a stable end product.
- the degree of polymerization with a combination of diammonium phosphate and borax reduces the quantity of flammable volatiles produced and enhances the effect of the chain depolymerisation reaction.
- the de-polymerisation of glucose from the cellulose chain is illustrated below.
- an absorbent, unbleached kraft paper is introduced to a fire retardant resinous compound containing borax and diammonium phosphate.
- the resin system is accelerated and stabilised using sodium hydroxide as a solution "buffer".
- the sodium hydroxide solution enables the pH of the total system to remain at a level greater than 9.0 without any sludge or residue forming during the addition of the borax which would normally tend to lower the pH to a range of 3.0 - 3.5 due to the formation of acid as the tetraborate complexes with the phenol resin during the mixing process.
- the stability of the fire-retardant compound is further improved if the resin system is introduced to the fire retardant formulation during component mixing. This will result in a gelatinous compound which is then easily dispersed and dissolved when added to the base resin bath at a rate of approximately 3 - 6% / volume with vigorous agitation.
- the condensation reaction results in an overall increase in temperature of the system and a complete cure of the system at 140°C - 150°C for approximately 5 minutes is sufficient to accomplish optimization of all initiated reactions.
- the essential mechanism of impregnating and protecting the paper has not changed by the use of the systems of the described embodiment, thereby ensuring that the desired physical properties of the impregnated paper, which includes the preferred fire retardant system of this invention, is essentially no different from the impregnated paper prior to the addition of the fire retardant system. While the basic mechanism of fire retardation within the impregnated paper can be readily demonstrated, optimisation of the materials and method of manufacture requires considerable experimentation and testing.
- the current invention when applied to paper materials results in the fire retardant properties of the paper being greatly enhanced without degradation of desirable characteristics including the tendency to wick and absorb liquids. When the invention is applied as herein described, the fire retardant properties of the paper so treated are not degraded by immersion in water.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/566,105 US7510628B2 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2004-07-16 | Fire retardant paper |
EP04737587A EP1651813A4 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2004-07-16 | Fire retardant paper |
AU2004260811A AU2004260811B2 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2004-07-16 | Fire retardant paper |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003903873A AU2003903873A0 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2003-07-28 | Fire retardant paper |
AU2003903873 | 2003-07-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005012638A1 true WO2005012638A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
Family
ID=31983503
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2004/000967 WO2005012638A1 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2004-07-16 | Fire retardant paper |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7510628B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1651813A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003903873A0 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2304863B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005012638A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012108978A1 (en) * | 2011-02-08 | 2012-08-16 | International Paper Company | Partially fire resistant insulation material comprising unrefined virgin pulp fibers and wood ash fire retardant component |
BE1020112A3 (en) * | 2011-02-02 | 2013-05-07 | Ecochem International Nv | COMPONENT FOR A FLAME-DELAYING ADDITIVE AND USE THEREOF, Flame retardant ADDITIVE, CELLULOSE OR LIGNOCELLULOSE MATERIAL, AND METHOD OF REDUCING THE FLAMMABILITY OF SUCH MATERIAL. |
US8663427B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2014-03-04 | International Paper Company | Addition of endothermic fire retardants to provide near neutral pH pulp fiber webs |
US8685206B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2014-04-01 | International Paper Company | Fire retardant treated fluff pulp web and process for making same |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101102978B1 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2012-01-25 | 동진실업 주식회사 | Natural wallpaper without organic solvent and the method of manufacturing the same |
CN113026413A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-25 | 天津市盛世德新材料科技有限公司 | Flame-retardant impregnated paper and preparation method thereof |
CN114717874A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-07-08 | 山东宙雨消防科技股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing flame-retardant paper |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5488697A (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1979-07-13 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Flame resisting cellulose material |
US4216136A (en) * | 1978-06-16 | 1980-08-05 | Stayner Vance A | Fire retardant resin compositions and articles formed thereof |
JP2001110550A (en) * | 1999-08-02 | 2001-04-20 | Techno Giken Kk | Nonflammable surface heating element |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2523626A (en) * | 1948-08-20 | 1950-09-26 | Albi Mfg Co Inc | Fire-retardant composition and process |
US2690393A (en) * | 1950-06-24 | 1954-09-28 | Armstrong Cork Co | Method of producing fire-resistant insulation |
US2881088A (en) * | 1956-03-22 | 1959-04-07 | Alim Corp | Fire retardant composition and method of coating therewith |
GB901663A (en) | 1959-11-12 | 1962-07-25 | Formica Int | Flame resistant materials |
US3257267A (en) * | 1965-05-19 | 1966-06-21 | Harold R Hay | Retarding liberation of an additament in forming a fibrous web by embedding the additament in a gel matrix prior to addition to the fibers |
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2003
- 2003-07-28 AU AU2003903873A patent/AU2003903873A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-07-16 US US10/566,105 patent/US7510628B2/en active Active
- 2004-07-16 EP EP04737587A patent/EP1651813A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-16 WO PCT/AU2004/000967 patent/WO2005012638A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-07-16 ES ES200650009A patent/ES2304863B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPS5488697A (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1979-07-13 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Flame resisting cellulose material |
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See also references of EP1651813A4 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8685206B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2014-04-01 | International Paper Company | Fire retardant treated fluff pulp web and process for making same |
US8871053B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2014-10-28 | International Paper Company | Fire retardant treated fluff pulp web |
BE1020112A3 (en) * | 2011-02-02 | 2013-05-07 | Ecochem International Nv | COMPONENT FOR A FLAME-DELAYING ADDITIVE AND USE THEREOF, Flame retardant ADDITIVE, CELLULOSE OR LIGNOCELLULOSE MATERIAL, AND METHOD OF REDUCING THE FLAMMABILITY OF SUCH MATERIAL. |
WO2012108978A1 (en) * | 2011-02-08 | 2012-08-16 | International Paper Company | Partially fire resistant insulation material comprising unrefined virgin pulp fibers and wood ash fire retardant component |
US8388807B2 (en) | 2011-02-08 | 2013-03-05 | International Paper Company | Partially fire resistant insulation material comprising unrefined virgin pulp fibers and wood ash fire retardant component |
US8663427B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2014-03-04 | International Paper Company | Addition of endothermic fire retardants to provide near neutral pH pulp fiber webs |
US8871058B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2014-10-28 | International Paper Company | Addition of endothermic fire retardants to provide near neutral pH pulp fiber webs |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1651813A4 (en) | 2009-09-09 |
ES2304863B1 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
EP1651813A1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
AU2003903873A0 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
US20070082194A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
ES2304863A1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
US7510628B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 |
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