WO2005005777A1 - A pipe separator with improved separation - Google Patents

A pipe separator with improved separation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005005777A1
WO2005005777A1 PCT/NO2004/000211 NO2004000211W WO2005005777A1 WO 2005005777 A1 WO2005005777 A1 WO 2005005777A1 NO 2004000211 W NO2004000211 W NO 2004000211W WO 2005005777 A1 WO2005005777 A1 WO 2005005777A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
separator
pipe
gas
separation
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2004/000211
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Per Gramme
Gunnar Hannibal Lie
Original Assignee
Norsk Hydro Asa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norsk Hydro Asa filed Critical Norsk Hydro Asa
Priority to DK04748787T priority Critical patent/DK1649139T3/en
Priority to AT04748787T priority patent/ATE434712T1/en
Priority to EP04748787A priority patent/EP1649139B1/en
Priority to CA2531495A priority patent/CA2531495C/en
Priority to BRPI0412389A priority patent/BRPI0412389B1/en
Priority to AU2004256374A priority patent/AU2004256374B2/en
Priority to DE602004021698T priority patent/DE602004021698D1/en
Priority to MXPA06000187A priority patent/MXPA06000187A/en
Priority to CN200480019563XA priority patent/CN1820121B/en
Priority to US10/563,291 priority patent/US7490671B2/en
Publication of WO2005005777A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005005777A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • E21B43/36—Underwater separating arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0208—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D17/0214—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation with removal of one of the phases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0217—Separation of non-miscible liquids by centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
    • B01D17/041—Breaking emulsions with moving devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
    • B01D17/045—Breaking emulsions with coalescers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/06—Separation of liquids from each other by electricity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H01R12/71—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/72—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures coupling with the edge of the rigid printed circuits or like structures
    • H01R12/721—Coupling devices for rigid printing circuits or like structures coupling with the edge of the rigid printed circuits or like structures cooperating directly with the edge of the rigid printed circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/629—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances
    • H01R13/633—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for disengagement only
    • H01R13/6335—Additional means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts, e.g. aligning or guiding means, levers, gas pressure electrical locking indicators, manufacturing tolerances for disengagement only comprising a handle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/665—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in electronic circuit
    • H01R13/6658—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in electronic circuit on printed circuit board

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a pipe separator for separation of fluids, for example separation of oil, gas and water in connection with the extraction and production of oil and gas from formations under the sea bed, comprising an extended, tubular separator body that has a diameter at the inlet and outlet ends that is mainly equivalent to the diameter of the transport pipe to which the pipe separator is connected, a cyclone arranged upstream of the separator body for separation of any gas present and an electrostatic coalescer arranged in connection with the pipe separator.
  • patent application no. 20023919 shows a solution in which a separate, compact electrostatic coalescer is used in connection with the pipe separator.
  • the oil flow from the pipe separator is passed to the coalescer downstream of the pipe separator and subsequently to a further oil/water separator that removes the remaining water after separation in the pipe separator.
  • This prior art solution is particularly designed for, but not limited to, medium heavy oils with water removal from the oil phase to 0.5% water, using a cyclone or other type of gas/liquid separator to remove gas before the pipe separator.
  • the solution requires an additional separator, which is complicated and expensive, and the coalescer itself, which is of a vertical type, cannot be reamed or pigged (cleaned) in the conventional manner. This also represents a considerable disadvantage of the prior art solution.
  • the present invention represents a considerably simplified separation solution in which the above disadvantages are avoided.
  • the present invention is characterised in that the electrostatic coalescer is incorporated in and constitutes an integrated part of the separator body, as stated in the attached claim 1.
  • Fig. 1 shows an elementary sketch of a pipe separator in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows an enlarged part of the separator shown in Fig. 1 in the area of the coalescer in a cross-section a) and a longitudinal section b).
  • the solution shown in Fig. 1 comprises a tubular separator body 1 , a liquid seal 6, arranged downstream of the separator body, for the water phase in the fluid (oil/water) that flows through the separator, a drainage device 7 with an outlet 8 for the separated water, a pig battery 5, arranged upstream of the separator body in connection with a well head 9, a connection pipe 10 that connects the well head to the separator body 1 and a transport pipe 11 for oil downstream of the separator body.
  • a coalescer 4 is incorporated in the separator body 1 as an integrated unit. The coalescer is expediently arranged at a distance of between 1/3 and 1/2 of the length of the separator body from the inlet of the separator body.
  • Fig. 2 shows in large scale, in cross-section and longitudinal section, the part of the separator body in which the coalescer is incorporated.
  • the coalescer comprises an upper electrode 12 and a lower electrode 13 that are enclosed in expediently insulating material in the wall 14 of the separator body.
  • the electrodes are designed to have applied to them (not shown in further detail) an expedient voltage "V" (AC voltage) to create an electric field that contributes to increasing the separation of water from the fluid (oil and water) flowing through the separator.
  • V AC voltage
  • a cyclone 3 or another expedient gas/liquid separator
  • the intention of removing the gas is to avoid it reducing the effect of the coalescer as the gas is a poor electrical conductor. Another intention is to prevent the formation of plug flow in the separator.
  • Fluid i.e. gas, oil and water
  • Fluid that is produced is passed first to the cyclone 3, where the majority of gas is removed and passed on in a separate pipe 9, possibly being reintroduced into the transport pipe 11 after the separator.
  • the liquid phase which may contain small amounts of gas, is introduced into the separator body 1. Free water will separate quickly and form a water phase under the oil phase. The gas bubbles will collect in the top of the separator pipe and, depending on their concentration, form a free gas phase. When coarse separation has been completed (i.e. the water phase on the bottom, the oil phase with small oil drops in the centre and possibly a thin gas phase on the top), the fluid will pass into the integrated coalescer 4. In the coalescer 4, a voltage drop will be created mainly over the oil zone because the water zone conducts current and the gas zone also has good conduction properties.
  • the voltage drop over the oil zone (alternating current) produces increased drop coalescence and destabilises the oil/water interface.
  • the water drops grow in size and will separate quickly after the fluid has entered the pipe separator element 1 again.
  • the coalesced water drops will be separated out and collected in the collection unit 7, where the water is drained out via the pipe 8.
  • the oil will flow on past the water seal 6 to the transport pipe 11.
  • the separator may be provided with two or more coalescers 4 arranged in series in the separator element 1. This may be particularly relevant for oils that are difficult to separate such as heavier oils.
  • the cyclone 3 may also be located in places other than the well head as shown in Fig. 1. It has proved expedient for the cyclone to be located in connection with equipment that causes high shear for the fluid as this produces good separation conditions. However, it may also be relevant to locate the cyclone in close proximity to the separator's inlet in situations in which the separator is located far from the well head.

Abstract

A pipe separator for separation of fluids, for example separation of oil, gas and water in connection with the extraction and production of oil and gas from formations under the sea bed. It comprises an extended, tubular separator body (1) that has a diameter at the inlet and outlet ends that is mainly equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the transport pipe to which the separator body is connected. A cyclone (3) is arranged upstream of the separator body for separation of any gas present. An electrostatic coalescer (4) is incorporated in and constitutes an integrated part of the separator body (1).

Description

A Pipe Separator with Improved Separation
The present invention concerns a pipe separator for separation of fluids, for example separation of oil, gas and water in connection with the extraction and production of oil and gas from formations under the sea bed, comprising an extended, tubular separator body that has a diameter at the inlet and outlet ends that is mainly equivalent to the diameter of the transport pipe to which the pipe separator is connected, a cyclone arranged upstream of the separator body for separation of any gas present and an electrostatic coalescer arranged in connection with the pipe separator.
The applicant's own Norwegian patent application nos. 19994244, 20015048, 20016216, 20020619 and 20023919 describe prior art pipe separators for the separation of oil, water and/or gas downhole, on the sea bed or on the surface, on a platform or similar. In particular, patent application no. 20023919 shows a solution in which a separate, compact electrostatic coalescer is used in connection with the pipe separator. The oil flow from the pipe separator is passed to the coalescer downstream of the pipe separator and subsequently to a further oil/water separator that removes the remaining water after separation in the pipe separator. This prior art solution is particularly designed for, but not limited to, medium heavy oils with water removal from the oil phase to 0.5% water, using a cyclone or other type of gas/liquid separator to remove gas before the pipe separator. The solution requires an additional separator, which is complicated and expensive, and the coalescer itself, which is of a vertical type, cannot be reamed or pigged (cleaned) in the conventional manner. This also represents a considerable disadvantage of the prior art solution.
The present invention represents a considerably simplified separation solution in which the above disadvantages are avoided. The present invention is characterised in that the electrostatic coalescer is incorporated in and constitutes an integrated part of the separator body, as stated in the attached claim 1.
The dependent claims 2-5 indicate the advantageous features of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail in the following with reference to the attached drawings, where:
Fig. 1 shows an elementary sketch of a pipe separator in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows an enlarged part of the separator shown in Fig. 1 in the area of the coalescer in a cross-section a) and a longitudinal section b).
The solution shown in Fig. 1 comprises a tubular separator body 1 , a liquid seal 6, arranged downstream of the separator body, for the water phase in the fluid (oil/water) that flows through the separator, a drainage device 7 with an outlet 8 for the separated water, a pig battery 5, arranged upstream of the separator body in connection with a well head 9, a connection pipe 10 that connects the well head to the separator body 1 and a transport pipe 11 for oil downstream of the separator body. The special feature of the present invention is that a coalescer 4 is incorporated in the separator body 1 as an integrated unit. The coalescer is expediently arranged at a distance of between 1/3 and 1/2 of the length of the separator body from the inlet of the separator body. However, its location is not limited to this. Fig. 2 shows in large scale, in cross-section and longitudinal section, the part of the separator body in which the coalescer is incorporated. As the figure shows, the coalescer comprises an upper electrode 12 and a lower electrode 13 that are enclosed in expediently insulating material in the wall 14 of the separator body. The electrodes are designed to have applied to them (not shown in further detail) an expedient voltage "V" (AC voltage) to create an electric field that contributes to increasing the separation of water from the fluid (oil and water) flowing through the separator. As Fig. 1 shows, a cyclone 3 (or another expedient gas/liquid separator) is arranged upstream of the separator body 1 to remove any gas from the fluid that is produced in the wells 9. The intention of removing the gas is to avoid it reducing the effect of the coalescer as the gas is a poor electrical conductor. Another intention is to prevent the formation of plug flow in the separator.
The method of operation of the separator solution in accordance with the present invention is otherwise as follows:
Fluid, i.e. gas, oil and water, that is produced is passed first to the cyclone 3, where the majority of gas is removed and passed on in a separate pipe 9, possibly being reintroduced into the transport pipe 11 after the separator.
The liquid phase, which may contain small amounts of gas, is introduced into the separator body 1. Free water will separate quickly and form a water phase under the oil phase. The gas bubbles will collect in the top of the separator pipe and, depending on their concentration, form a free gas phase. When coarse separation has been completed (i.e. the water phase on the bottom, the oil phase with small oil drops in the centre and possibly a thin gas phase on the top), the fluid will pass into the integrated coalescer 4. In the coalescer 4, a voltage drop will be created mainly over the oil zone because the water zone conducts current and the gas zone also has good conduction properties.
The voltage drop over the oil zone (alternating current) produces increased drop coalescence and destabilises the oil/water interface. The water drops grow in size and will separate quickly after the fluid has entered the pipe separator element 1 again.
In the separator element downstream of the coalescer, the coalesced water drops will be separated out and collected in the collection unit 7, where the water is drained out via the pipe 8. The oil will flow on past the water seal 6 to the transport pipe 11. The present invention as it is defined in the claims is not limited to the example shown and described above. The separator may be provided with two or more coalescers 4 arranged in series in the separator element 1. This may be particularly relevant for oils that are difficult to separate such as heavier oils.
The cyclone 3 may also be located in places other than the well head as shown in Fig. 1. It has proved expedient for the cyclone to be located in connection with equipment that causes high shear for the fluid as this produces good separation conditions. However, it may also be relevant to locate the cyclone in close proximity to the separator's inlet in situations in which the separator is located far from the well head.

Claims

Claims
1. A pipe separator for separation of fluids, for example separation of oil, gas and water in connection with the extraction and production of oil and gas from formations under the sea bed, comprising an extended, tubular separator body (1) that has a diameter at the inlet and outlet ends that is mainly equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the transport pipe to which the separator body is connected, a separator device, expediently a cyclone (3), arranged upstream of the separator body for separation of any gas present and an electrostatic coalescer (4) arranged in connection with the pipe separator, characterised in that the electrostatic coalescer (4) is incorporated in and constitutes an integrated part of the separator body.
2. A pipe separator in accordance with claim 1 , characterised in that a water seal (6) is arranged downstream of the separator element (1) and a device (7) is arranged in connection with the water seal for drainage of the water that is separated out in the separator element (1).
3. A pipe separator in accordance with claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the separator element (1) comprises two or more coalescers arranged in series.
4. A pipe separator in accordance with claims 1-2, characterised in that the cyclone (3) is arranged in connection with a throttle valve that produces high shear for the fluid.
5. A pipe separator in accordance with claims 1-2, characterised in that the cyclone (3) is arranged in close proximity to the inlet of the separator element (1).
PCT/NO2004/000211 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 A pipe separator with improved separation WO2005005777A1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK04748787T DK1649139T3 (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 Pipe separator with improved separation
AT04748787T ATE434712T1 (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 PIPE SEPARATION DEVICE WITH IMPROVED SEPARATION
EP04748787A EP1649139B1 (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 A pipe separator with improved separation
CA2531495A CA2531495C (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 A pipe separator with improved separation
BRPI0412389A BRPI0412389B1 (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 pipe separator for oil, gas and water separation
AU2004256374A AU2004256374B2 (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 A pipe separator with improved separation
DE602004021698T DE602004021698D1 (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 PIPE CUTTING DEVICE WITH IMPROVED SEPARATION
MXPA06000187A MXPA06000187A (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 A pipe separator with improved separation.
CN200480019563XA CN1820121B (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 A pipe separator with improved separation
US10/563,291 US7490671B2 (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 Pipe separator with improved separation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20033153A NO318190B1 (en) 2003-07-09 2003-07-09 pipe separator
NO20033153 2003-07-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005005777A1 true WO2005005777A1 (en) 2005-01-20

Family

ID=27800796

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO2004/000211 WO2005005777A1 (en) 2003-07-09 2004-07-08 A pipe separator with improved separation

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US7490671B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1649139B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1820121B (en)
AT (1) ATE434712T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2004256374B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0412389B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2531495C (en)
DE (1) DE602004021698D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1649139T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2328359T3 (en)
MX (1) MXPA06000187A (en)
NO (1) NO318190B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2353765C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2005005777A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006101399A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 Norsk Hydro Asa Method for separation and a separator device
US7490671B2 (en) * 2003-07-09 2009-02-17 Norsk Hydro Asa Pipe separator with improved separation
US11577180B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2023-02-14 Subsea 7 Norway As Subsea processing of crude oil
US11598193B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2023-03-07 Subsea 7 Norway As Subsea processing of crude oil

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US8555978B2 (en) * 2009-12-02 2013-10-15 Technology Commercialization Corp. Dual pathway riser and its use for production of petroleum products in multi-phase fluid pipelines
US8146667B2 (en) * 2010-07-19 2012-04-03 Marc Moszkowski Dual gradient pipeline evacuation method
CN102359363A (en) * 2011-09-07 2012-02-22 赵铭 New cold-mining technology for visbreaking thick oil by circulating reinjection of viscosity breaking agent between small well groups
BR112014012285B1 (en) 2012-01-03 2019-08-27 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co method for producing hydrocarbons using caves
WO2013148037A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2013-10-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company System and method to treat a multiphase stream
US9371724B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2016-06-21 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Multiphase separation system
US8950498B2 (en) * 2013-01-10 2015-02-10 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Methods, apparatus and systems for conveying fluids
SG11201606687TA (en) 2014-03-12 2016-09-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Split flow pipe separator with sand trap
WO2015148146A1 (en) * 2014-03-24 2015-10-01 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Eliminating fouling in hydrocarbon pipelines by electrical techniques
US9314715B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2016-04-19 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Multiphase separation system
SG11201702668RA (en) 2014-11-17 2017-06-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Liquid collection system
CN106474828A (en) 2015-08-27 2017-03-08 通用电气公司 Apparatus and method for Gravity Separation and the oil and natural gas production system comprising which and method

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7490671B2 (en) * 2003-07-09 2009-02-17 Norsk Hydro Asa Pipe separator with improved separation
WO2006101399A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 Norsk Hydro Asa Method for separation and a separator device
US11577180B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2023-02-14 Subsea 7 Norway As Subsea processing of crude oil
US11598193B2 (en) 2017-04-18 2023-03-07 Subsea 7 Norway As Subsea processing of crude oil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1820121A (en) 2006-08-16
RU2006103782A (en) 2006-06-27
ATE434712T1 (en) 2009-07-15
DK1649139T3 (en) 2009-08-17
RU2353765C2 (en) 2009-04-27
CA2531495A1 (en) 2005-01-20
BRPI0412389A (en) 2006-09-19
CA2531495C (en) 2011-11-29
CN1820121B (en) 2010-09-15
DE602004021698D1 (en) 2009-08-06
EP1649139B1 (en) 2009-06-24
ES2328359T3 (en) 2009-11-12
US20070102369A1 (en) 2007-05-10
NO318190B1 (en) 2005-02-14
EP1649139A1 (en) 2006-04-26
BRPI0412389B1 (en) 2015-09-15
MXPA06000187A (en) 2006-03-21
AU2004256374A1 (en) 2005-01-20
NO20033153D0 (en) 2003-07-09
US7490671B2 (en) 2009-02-17
AU2004256374B2 (en) 2009-10-29

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