WO2005003253A2 - Mischungen von organischen zur emission befähigten halbleitern und matrixmaterialen, deren verwendung und elektronikbauteile enthaltend diese - Google Patents
Mischungen von organischen zur emission befähigten halbleitern und matrixmaterialen, deren verwendung und elektronikbauteile enthaltend diese Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005003253A2 WO2005003253A2 PCT/EP2004/007421 EP2004007421W WO2005003253A2 WO 2005003253 A2 WO2005003253 A2 WO 2005003253A2 EP 2004007421 W EP2004007421 W EP 2004007421W WO 2005003253 A2 WO2005003253 A2 WO 2005003253A2
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- 0 CC(c1c(C2(c3nnnnc3-3)c4c-3nnnn4)nc(C(c3nc(C4(c5nnnnc5-5)c6nnnnc6-c6nnnnc46)c-5nn3)I(*)=O)nn1)=C2N=N* Chemical compound CC(c1c(C2(c3nnnnc3-3)c4c-3nnnn4)nc(C(c3nc(C4(c5nnnnc5-5)c6nnnnc6-c6nnnnc46)c-5nn3)I(*)=O)nn1)=C2N=N* 0.000 description 1
- CVBVTDFTIPQJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=S(c(cc1C23c4ccccc4-c4c2cccc4)ccc1-c1c3cccc1)c1ccc2-c3ccccc3C3(c4ccccc4-c4c3cccc4)c2c1 Chemical compound O=S(c(cc1C23c4ccccc4-c4c2cccc4)ccc1-c1c3cccc1)c1ccc2-c3ccccc3C3(c4ccccc4-c4c3cccc4)c2c1 CVBVTDFTIPQJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- C09B67/0033—Blends of pigments; Mixtured crystals; Solid solutions
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
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- C09K2211/1022—Heterocyclic compounds bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
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- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
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- H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
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- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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Definitions
- the present invention describes the use of new materials and material mixtures in organic electronic components such as electroluminescent elements and their use in displays based thereon.
- OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
- Full-color, large-area, high-resolution active matrix displays for a wide variety of applications (such as, for example, cell phones, PDAs, laptops, televisions and other applications).
- the operating voltage required is quite high, especially in the case of efficient phosphorescent OLEDs, and must therefore be reduced in order to improve the power efficiency. This is particularly important for portable applications.
- organometallic complexes which show phosphorescence instead of fluorescence [M. A. Baldo, S. Lamansky, P.E. Burrows, M.E. Thompson, S.R. Forrest, Applied Physics Letters, 1999, 75, 4-6].
- organometallic compounds For quantum mechanical reasons, up to four times quantum, energy and power efficiency is possible using organometallic compounds.
- the essential conditions for practical use are, in particular, a long operational lifespan, high stability against thermal stress and a low operating and operating voltage to enable mobile applications.
- organic electroluminescent devices The general structure of organic electroluminescent devices is described for example in US 4,539,507 and US 5,151, 629 and EP 01202358.
- An organic electroluminescent device usually consists of several layers which are applied to one another by means of vacuum methods or different printing methods. The individual layers are:
- a carrier plate ' substrate (usually glass or plastic films).
- a transparent anode usually indium tin oxide, ITO.
- a hole injection layer e.g. B. based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) or conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) or polythiophene derivatives (such as PEDOT).
- CuPc copper phthalocyanine
- PANI polyaniline
- PEDOT polythiophene derivatives
- One or more hole transport layers usually based on triarylamine derivatives, eg. B. 4,4 ', 4 "tris (N-1-naphthyl-N-phenylamino) triphenylamine (NaphDATA) as the first layer and N, N'-di (naphth-1-yl) - N, N '-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) as a second hole transport layer.
- triarylamine derivatives eg. B. 4,4 ', 4 "tris (N-1-naphthyl-N-phenylamino) triphenylamine (NaphDATA) as the first layer and N, N'-di (naphth-1-yl) - N, N '-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) as a second hole transport layer.
- emission Layer EML
- this layer can partially coincide with layers 4 to 8, but usually consists of fluorescent dyes, e.g. B. N, N'-diphenyl-quinachdon (QA), or phosphorescent dyes, e.g. B. tris (phenylpyridyl) iridium (lr (PPy) 3 ) or tris (2-benzothiophenylpyridyl) iridium (lr (BTP) 3 ), doped matrix materials such as 4,4'-bis (carbazol-9-yl ) -biphenyl (CBP).
- the emission layer can also consist of polymers, mixtures of polymers, mixtures of polymers and low-molecular compounds or mixtures of different low-molecular compounds.
- An electron transport layer mostly based on aluminum tris-8-hydroxyquinolinate (AIQ 3 ).
- EIL electron injection layer
- a thin layer consisting of a material with a high dielectric constant, such as.
- a cathode here metals, metal combinations or metal alloys with a low work function are generally used.
- the anode consists, for. B made of AI / Ni / NiOx or Al / Pt / PtOx or other metal / metal oxide combinations that have a HOMO greater than 5 eV.
- the cathode consists of the same materials that are described in items 9 and 10, with the difference that the metal, such as. B. Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, etc., is very thin and therefore transparent.
- the layer thickness is less than 50 nm, better less than 30 nm, even better less than 10 nm.
- Another can be applied to this transparent cathode transparent material are applied, e.g. B. ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), etc.
- the matrix material of the emission layer plays a special role.
- the matrix material has to transport holes and / or charge
- Matrix materials, the carbazole units, such as. B. contain the commonly used CBP, but have some disadvantages in practice. These can be seen, among other things, in the often short to very short lifespan of the devices manufactured with them and the often high operating voltages that lead to low power efficiencies. Furthermore, it has been shown that for energetic reasons, CBP is unsuitable for blue-emitting electroluminescent devices, which results in poor efficiency. In addition, the structure of the devices is very complex if CBP is used as the matrix material, since a hole blocking layer and an electron transport layer must also be used. If these additional layers are not used, e.g. B. by Adachi et al.
- the mixtures according to the invention are preferably those which contain at least one matrix material A whose glass transition temperature T g (measured as the pure substance) is greater than 70 ° C.
- the matrix material A is preferably at least one compound of the formulas (1) to (4),
- L is the same or different at every occurrence P, As, Sb or Bi;
- M is the same or different at each occurrence S, Se, Te;
- X is the same or different at each occurrence O, S, Se or NR 3 ;
- R 10 are the same or different at each occurrence H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 20 C atoms.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic system in the sense of this invention is to be understood as a system which does not necessarily only contain aromatic or heteroaromatic groups, but also in which several aromatic or heteroaromatic groups by a short non-aromatic unit ( ⁇ 10% of the Atoms, preferably ⁇ 5% of the atoms), such as sp 3 -hybridized C, O, N, etc., can be interrupted.
- a short non-aromatic unit ⁇ 10% of the Atoms, preferably ⁇ 5% of the atoms
- systems such as 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamine, diphenyl ether, etc. should also be understood as aromatic systems.
- Organic electroluminescent devices which contain at least one compound of the formulas (5) to (37) as matrix material A are likewise preferred,
- a matrix material A which contains at least one compound of the formula (38) or (39), Formula (38) Formula (39) where o is a number from 5 to 5000000 and where the symbols m, R 1 and R 3 have the meanings given under formula (1) to (4).
- a matrix material A which contains at least one 9,9'-spirobifluorene unit.
- a matrix material A which contains at least one compound of the formulas (40) to (48),
- Ar is the same or different in each occurrence, a mono- or divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 2 to 40 C atoms, preferably with 4 to 30 C atoms, one or more H atoms being replaced by F, Cl, Br, I. and which can be substituted by one or more non-aromatic radicals R 1 , it being possible for a plurality of substituents R 1 , both on the same ring and on different rings, to form a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system; p is the same or different at each occurrence 0 or 1.
- Mixtures which contain one or more of the matrix materials A described above by formulas (1) to (48) are particularly preferred, characterized in that
- M is S at every occurrence
- X is O every time it occurs
- Z is the same or different on each occurrence of CR 1 or N;
- Mixtures which contain one or more of the matrix materials A described above by formulas (1) to (48) are particularly preferred, characterized in that they are chiral.
- the matrix materials A according to the invention described above, e.g. B. according to Examples 50 to 53, can, for example, as co-monomers to produce appropriate conjugated, partially conjugated or non-conjugated polymers or as the core of dendrimers, for. B. according to Examples 54 and 55, use.
- the corresponding further functionalization (polymerization or conversion to dendrimers) is preferably carried out via the halogen functionality.
- the above-mentioned compounds can be converted into soluble polyfluorenes (e.g. according to EP 842208 or WO 00/22026), poly-spirobifluorenes (e.g. according to EP 707020 or EP 894107), poly-para-phenylenes (e.g.
- poly-carbazoles poly-vinylcarbazoles (PVK) or polythiophenes (e.g. according to EP 1028136).
- VK poly-vinylcarbazoles
- EP 1028136 polythiophenes
- the matrix materials A according to the invention can also be obtained, for example, from Reaction types can be further functionalized and thus converted into expanded Mat xmate alien A.
- the functionalization with arylboronic acids according to SUZUKI or with amines according to HARTWIG-BUCHWALD can be mentioned here as an example.
- the matrix materials A according to the invention or their mixtures or the polymers or dendrimers containing the matrix materials A or their mixtures or mixtures of the polymers or dendrimers containing the matrix materials A and the matrix materials A, optionally together with the emitters B generally known methods known to those skilled in the art, such as vacuum evaporation, evaporation in a carrier gas stream or also from solution by spin coating or with various printing processes (for example ink-jet printing, offset printing, LITI printing, etc.) in the form of a film Applied substrate.
- the matrix materials described above are used in combination with phosphorescence emitters.
- the organic electroluminescent devices represented in this way are distinguished by the fact that they contain at least one compound as emitter B, which is characterized in that, with suitable excitation, it emits light, preferably in the visible range, and also at least one atom of atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater 38 and less than 84, particularly preferably greater than 56 and less than 80.
- Particularly preferred mixtures contain at least one compound of the formula (49) to (52) as emitter B, Formula (49) Formula (50)
- DCy is the same or different with each occurrence a cyclic group which contains at least one donor atom, preferably nitrogen or phosphorus, via which the cyclic group is bonded to the metal and which in turn can carry one or more substituents R 11 ; the groups DCy and CCy are connected to one another via a covalent bond;
- CCy is the same or different with each occurrence a cyclic group which contains a carbon atom via which the cyclic group is bonded to the metal and which in turn can carry one or more substituents R 11 ;
- R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are the same or different with each occurrence H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 20 C atoms.
- Examples of the emitters described above can be found, for example, in applications WO 00/70655, WO 01/41512, WO 02/02714, WO 02/15645, EP 1191613, EP 1191612 and EP 1191614; these are hereby considered as part of the registration via quotation.
- the mixture according to the invention contains between 1 and 99% by weight, preferably between 3 and 95% by weight, particularly preferably between 5 and 50% by weight, in particular between 7 and 20% by weight of emitter B based on the total mixture of emitter B and matrix material A.
- the present invention further relates to electronic components, in particular organic electroluminescent devices (OLED), organic solar cells (O-SCs), organic field-effect transistors (O-FETs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors in electrophotography or organic laser diodes (O-lasers). containing the mixture of matrix material A and emission material B according to the invention
- Organic electroluminescent devices which have at least one emitting layer (EML) containing a mixture of at least one are particularly preferred
- Matrix material A and at least one emission material B capable of emission are Matrix material A and at least one emission material B capable of emission
- B is a compound, characterized in that it emits light with suitable excitation and which contains at least one element of an atomic number greater than 20.
- EML emitting layer
- the organic electroluminescent device can contain further layers, such as, for. B. hole injection layer, hole transport layer, hole blocking layer, electron transport layer and / or electron injection layer.
- hole injection layer hole transport layer
- hole blocking layer hole blocking layer
- electron transport layer electron transport layer
- / or electron injection layer it should be pointed out that each of these layers does not necessarily have to be present. It has been shown, for example, that an OLED which neither contains a separate hole blocking layer nor a separate electron transport layer continues to show very good results in electroluminescence, in particular a significantly higher power efficiency. This is particularly surprising since a corresponding OLED with a carbazole-containing matrix material without a hole blocking and electron transport layer shows only very low performance efficiencies, in particular at high brightness (cf. Adachi et al., Organic Electronics 2001, 2, 37).
- Another object of the invention is therefore an organic electroluminescent device containing a mixture according to the invention which directly adjoins the electron transport layer without using a hole blocking layer or which directly adjoins the electron injection layer or the cathode without using a hole blocking layer and an electron transport layer.
- the organic electroluminescent devices show higher efficiency, significantly longer life and, in particular without using a hole blocking and electron transport layer, significantly lower operating voltages and higher power efficiencies than OLEDs according to the prior art, which use CBP as the matrix material.
- CBP CBP
- the preferred embodiments of the mixtures of matrix material A and emission material B according to the invention are also for the electronic components according to the invention, in particular for the organic electroluminescent devices (OLED), organic solar cells (O-SCs), organic field effect transistors (O-FETs), organic optical detectors, organic Photoreceptors for electrophotography or organic laser diodes (O-lasers). To avoid unnecessary repetitions, we do not list them again here.
- OLED organic electroluminescent devices
- O-SCs organic solar cells
- O-FETs organic field effect transistors
- O-FETs organic optical detectors
- O-lasers organic Photoreceptors for electrophotography or organic laser diodes
- the matrix materials A according to the invention lead to a significant improvement in the efficiency and the lifespan of the electroluminescent devices produced with them.
- the matrix materials A can be used to produce blue-emitting electroluminescent devices.
- the sublimated samples were first at a heating rate of 10 K / min. heated from 25 ° C to the melting point of the substance +50 K. They were then cooled to 25 ° C. from this temperature at a heating rate of 80 K / min.
- the glass transition temperature T g was measured by reheating at a heating rate of 10 K / min to a temperature of 50 K above the melting point of the substance using a device from Netzsch DCS 204 (TASC 414/4 Controler and CC200 C Controler).
- Example 1 Bis (9,9'-spirobifluoren-2-yl) phenylphosphine oxide (matrix material M1)
- the colorless residue was taken up in 1000 ml of dichloromethane, the suspension was washed three times with 300 ml of water. The organic phase was separated off, dried over sodium sulfate and then concentrated. The colorless residue was dissolved in 1000 ml of ethyl acetate and added dropwise with good stirring using a
- Example 2 Bis (9,9 'spirobifluorene-2-yl) sulfoxide (matrix material M2)
- Example 3 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphine oxide) (matrix material M3)
- Matrix material M1 Matrix material M2
- OLEDs were produced using the general process outlined below. In individual cases, of course, this had to be adapted to the respective circumstances (e.g. layer thickness variation in order to achieve optimum efficiency or color). Electroluminescent devices according to the invention can be represented, for example, as described in the unpublished application DE 10317556.3. 3. Device examples
- the first example describes a comparison standard according to the prior art, in which the emitter layer consists of the host material CBP and the guest material lr (PPy) 3 . Furthermore, an OLED with an emitter layer consisting of the host material bis (9,9'-spirobifluoren-2-yl) phenylphosphine oxide (synthesis see example 1) and the guest material lr (PPy) 3 (synthesized according to WO 02/060910) is described , as well as OLEDs with other host materials according to the invention. OLEDs with the following structure were produced:
- PEDOT 60 nm spun on water; PEDOT obtained from H.C. Starck; poly [3,4-ethylenedioxy-2,5-thiophene])
- NaphDATA 20 nm (evaporated; NaphDATA purchased from SynTec; 4,4 ', 4 "-Tris (N-1-naphthyl-N-phenylamino) -triphenylamine
- Emitter layer CPB 20 nm (evaporated; CPB obtained from ALDRICH and further purified, finally sublimed twice; 4,4'-bis (N-carbazolyl) biphenyl) comparison standard)
- BCP 10 nm (evaporated; BCP obtained from ABCR, used as received; 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline); not used in all examples; A1Q 3 10 nm (evaporated: AIQ 3 purchased from SynTec; Ths (quinolinolato) aluminum (III)); Ba-Al does not use 3 nm Ba in all of the examples, 150 nm Al as cathode thereon.
- OLEDs which have not yet been optimized, have been characterized as standard; For this, the electroluminescence spectra, the efficiency (measured in cd / A) depending on the brightness, calculated from current-voltage-brightness characteristics (IUL characteristics), and the service life were determined.
- the OLEDs both the reference standard (OLED with CBP), as well as the OLEDs with bis (9,9 'spirobifluorene-2-yl) phenylphosphine, with bis (9,9' spirobifluorene-2-yl) sulfoxide and treated with 1 , 1 '-Binaphthyl-2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphine oxide) as host material show green emission, resulting from the dopant lr (PPy) 3 .
- OLEDs produced with the host material CBP (Table 1, Example 1), an efficiency of approximately 20 to 25 cd / A is typically obtained under the conditions described above, and 4.8 V are required for the reference luminance of 100 cd / m 2 .
- OLEDs produced with the host material bis (9,9 -spirobifluoren- '. 2-yl) phenylphosphine a maximum efficiency of about 40 cd / A, where the required voltage for the reference luminance of 100 cd / m 2 even 4.0 V is reduced (Fig. 1 and Table 1, Example 2a).
- HBL hole blocking layer
- ETL electron transport layer
- the figure shows the course of the brightness, measured in cd / m 2 , over time.
- the lifespan is the time after which 50% of the initial luminance is reached.
- a lifespan of approx. 30 h is obtained with an initial brightness of 3500 cd / m 2 , which corresponds to an accelerated measurement, since the initial brightness is significantly higher than the brightness which is typical for active matrix controlled display applications required.
- OLEDs with bis (9,9 'spirobifluorene-2-yI) sulfoxide (Example 3a and 3b) and 1, 1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphine) (example 4a and 4b) as the host material exhibit both with HBL and ETL as well as without HBL and ETL also an improved lifespan in comparison to OLEDs with CBP (example 1) as host material. All examples are summarized in Table 1.
- M1 bis (9,9 '-spiro-bifluorene-2-yl) phenylphosphine oxide
- M2 bis (9,9' spirobifluorene-2-yl) sulfoxide
- M3 1, 1'-binaphthyl-2,2 ' -bis (diphenylphosphine)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006518130A JP4773346B2 (ja) | 2003-07-07 | 2004-07-07 | 有機発光半導体とマトリックス材料との混合物、それらの使用および前記材料を含む電子部品。 |
EP04740735.8A EP1644459B1 (de) | 2003-07-07 | 2004-07-07 | Mischungen von organischen zur emission befähigten halbleitern und matrixmaterialien,sowie elektronikbauteile diese enthaltend |
US10/563,716 US8592614B2 (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2004-07-07 | Mixtures of organic emissive semiconductors and matrix materials, their use and electronic components comprising said materials |
CN200480019557.4A CN1820061B (zh) | 2003-07-07 | 2004-07-07 | 有机发射半导体和基质的混合物、它们的用途及包括所述材料的电子元件 |
KR1020067000453A KR101105619B1 (ko) | 2003-07-07 | 2004-07-07 | 유기 방출형 반도체 및 매트릭스 물질의 혼합물, 이들의용도 및 상기 물질을 함유하는 전자 부품 |
US14/052,876 US20140091295A1 (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2013-10-14 | Mixtures of organic emissive semiconductors and matrix materials, their use and electronic components comprising said materials |
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DE10330761.3 | 2003-07-07 | ||
DE10330761A DE10330761A1 (de) | 2003-07-07 | 2003-07-07 | Mischungen von organischen zur Emission befähigten Halbleitern und Matrixmaterialien, deren Verwendung und Elektronikbauteile enthaltend dieses |
DE10355380A DE10355380A1 (de) | 2003-11-25 | 2003-11-25 | Mischungen von organischen zur Emission befähigten Halbleitern und Matrixmaterialien, deren Verwendung und Elektronikbauteile enthaltend diese |
DE10355380.0 | 2003-11-25 |
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US14/052,876 Division US20140091295A1 (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2013-10-14 | Mixtures of organic emissive semiconductors and matrix materials, their use and electronic components comprising said materials |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20060255332A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
US8592614B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
EP2251396B1 (de) | 2014-11-19 |
JP5318812B2 (ja) | 2013-10-16 |
EP1644459B1 (de) | 2017-08-23 |
JP2010270106A (ja) | 2010-12-02 |
JP4773346B2 (ja) | 2011-09-14 |
US20140091295A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
WO2005003253A3 (de) | 2005-04-28 |
KR101105619B1 (ko) | 2012-01-18 |
EP2251396A3 (de) | 2011-11-30 |
EP2251396A2 (de) | 2010-11-17 |
KR20060027861A (ko) | 2006-03-28 |
JP2009513737A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
EP1644459A2 (de) | 2006-04-12 |
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