WO2005002414A2 - Prognosis determination in ewing sarcoma patients by means of genetic profiling - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for assessing the prognosis of Ewing's Sarcoma patients comprising determining the expression pattern of a defined set of genes in tumor material obtained from said patients, and assigning said expression pattern to either a good prognosis or poor prognosis group.

Description

Prognosis determination in Ewing Sarcoma patients by means of genetic profiling

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method for assessing prognosis in cancer patients. More specifically, the invention disclosed hereinbelo provides a genetic analysis technique that may be used to assess the prognosis of patients with Ewing Sarcoma.

Background of the Invention

Ewing's Sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents and it belongs to a group of neuroectodermal tumors known as Ewing's Sarcoma Family of Tumors (EFT). This is an aggressive tumor with a high propensity for recurrence and distant metastases [Ginsberg, J.P. et al . "Ewing sarcoma family of tumors: Ewing's sarcoma of bone and soft tissue and the peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors." In : Principles and Practice of Pediatric Oncology, (eds.: Pizzo, P.A. & Poplack) 4th edition, 973-1016, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2002] .

All EFT share specific translocations resulting in the fusion of the EWS gene on chromosome 22ql2 with different ETS oncogenes on different chromosomes; the most frequent (~95%) is FLU on chromosome 11. These translocations are considered distinct diagnostic features of ES tumors [Delattre, 0. et al . , New Eng. J. Med. 331, 294-299 (1994) ] .

Both the primary site of the tumor, and the initial response to therapy (assessed histologically as the degree of tumor necrosis following surgery) , have become accepted valid prognostic factors in localized tumors. In spite of advances in multimodal therapy, including combination of aggressive chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, about 50% of patients eventually relapse, even after 5 years [Terrier, P. et al . , Semin . Diagn . Pa thol . 13, 250-257 (1996).]

Current clinical and biological characteristics fail to accurately classify ES patients according to their clinical behavior, and it is therefore essential to search for novel reliable prognostic parameters, already at diagnosis.

It is therefore a purpose of the present invention to provide a genetic profiling method for prognosis assessment of patients presenting with ES.

It is another purpose of the invention to provide materials and kits for performing the aforementioned method.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. Summary of the Invention

It has now been found that it is possible to distinguish between ES patients having a good prognosis and those having a poor prognosis by means of comparing gene expression patterns in nucleic acid material isolated from the tumors of said patients. Furthermore, it has been found that this prognosis determination may be performed very early on, during initial diagnosis.

The present invention is primarily directed to a method for assessing the prognosis of ES patients comprising determining the expression pattern of a defined set of genes in tumor material obtained from said . patients, and assigning said expression pattern to either a good prognosis or poor prognosis group.

The term "good prognosis" is used herein to indicate that the patients are not expected to show ES-related signs, symptoms or evidence for a period of time compatible with the usual clinical meaning of the term. In many cases, this may be taken to mean that the patient is expected to be free from ES-related symptoms for at least five years from assessment. The term "poor prognosis" is similarly used to indicate that the patients are expected to relapse during treatment or within the first few years following treatment. The ter "expression pattern" is used herein to refer to the overall profile of results obtained when the expression of a defined set of genes is determined. Such a pattern is advantageous since it facilitates the use of both quantitative, statistical analytical techniques as well as permitting rapid visual inspection and comparison of results. Preferably (but not exclusively) such a pattern is obtained by the use of a matrix method, such as a high density microarray method.

Although any suitable technique may be used to determine the expression of the aforementioned defined set of genes, in one preferred embodiment of the method, this technique is a nucleic acid hybridization technique.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid hybridization technique comprises the steps of extracting total RNA from the ES-patient tumor material, generating double-stranded cDNA from said total RNA, performing In vitro transcription of said cDNA, labeling the RNA transcript obtained thereby, preparing a hybridization mix comprising said labeled RNA transcript together with irrelevant and control nucleic acid sequences, hybridization of said hybridization mix to a solid-state v human genome microarray and generating and amplifying a hybridization signal. This hybridization signal provides a visual expression pattern which may then be assigned to one of the good or poor prognosis groups. In another preferred embodiment, the hybridization technique used is selected from the group consisting of northern blotting and western blotting.

In other preferred embodiments of the invention, gene expression may be determined by the use of a technique other than a hybridization technique. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the technique is selected from the group consisting of RT-PCR, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, quantitative real time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA.

In one particularly preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the assignment of the gene expression pattern to one of the good or poor prognosis groups is performed by means of a hierarchical clustering technique.

In one preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the aforementioned defined set of genes comprises genes selected from the group of 818 genes listed in table 1, hereinbelow.

In another preferred embodiment, the defined set of genes consists of between 1 and 100 genes selected from the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the defined set of genes consists of between 101 and 200 genes selected from the aforementioned group of 818 genes. In another preferred embodiment, the defined set of genes consists of between 201 and 300 genes selected from the aforementioned group of 818.genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the defined set of genes consists of between 301 and 400 genes selected from the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the defined set of genes consists of between 401 and 500 genes selected from the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the defined set of genes consists of between 501 and 600 genes selected from the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the defined set of genes consists of between 601 and 700 genes selected from the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the defined set of genes consists of between 701 and 818 genes selected from the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another aspect, the present invention is also directed to a solid-state nucleic acid microarray comprising at least two nucleic acids affixed to a substrate, wherein each of said at least two nucleic acids consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In one preferred embodiment, the microarray of the present invention comprises between 2 and 100 nucleic acid sequences', wherein each of said sequences consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the microarray of the present invention comprises between 101 and 200 nucleic acid sequences, wherein each of said sequences consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the microarray of the present invention comprises between 201 and 300 nucleic acid sequences, wherein each of said sequences consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the microarray of the present invention comprises between 301 and 400 nucleic acid sequences, wherein each of said sequences consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the microarray of the present invention comprises between 401 and 500 nucleic acid sequences, wherein each of said sequences consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the microarray of the present invention comprises between 501 and 600 nucleic acid sequences, wherein each of said sequences consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the microarray of the present invention comprises between 601 and 700 nucleic acid sequences, wherein each of said sequences consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In another preferred embodiment, the microarray of the present invention comprises between 701 and 818 nucleic acid sequences, wherein each of said sequences consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the aforementioned group of 818 genes.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the microarray of the present invention comprises all of the 818 genes present in the aforementioned group of genes.

In addition to the aforementioned at least two nucleic acids, the microarray may also comprise one or more control nucleic acid sequences. The substrate present in the microarray may consist of any suitable material or combination of materials. Preferably, however, the substrate is selected from the group consisting of ceramics, glasses, metal oxides, nitrocellulose and nylon.

In a further aspect, the present invention also provides a kit comprising a solid-state nucleic acid microarray as defined and described herein together with an instruction sheet.

Kits based on the other gene expression technologies used in the method of the invention (as described hereinabove) are also within the scope of the present invention. Thus, in one embodiment, the kit of the present invention comprises a set of relevant primers suitable for use in real time RT-PCR together with control solutions and an instruction sheet. In another embodiment, the kit comprises micro-well plates or similar vessels suitable for use in an ELISA assay, together with antibodies specific for isotopes present on the peptides and polypeptides expressed from the aforementioned defined set of genes, suitable reagents for signal detection and amplification and an instruction sheet. In yet another embodiment, the kit comprises antibodies specific for isotopes present on the peptides and polypeptides expressed from the aforementioned defined set of genes, together with reagents suitable for signal detection and amplification using standard immunochemical methods and an instruction sheet.

All the above and other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be further understood from the following illustrative and non-limitative examples of preferred embodiments thereof.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates the hierarchical clustering, Kaplan- Meier PFS analysis and gene clusters of Ewing sarcoma tumor samples . a, Illustration of the two sided clusters dendogram, distinctly defining poor prognosis (1^st 8 columns from left to right) vs. good prognosis (6 right-most columns) groups of ES patients and the differentially expressed genes. Each column represents a patient and each row represents a gene. , Kaplan-Meier progression free survival analysis presents a significant correlation between poor prognosis vs. good prognosis patients, according to the microarray classification. c, The 2 major gene clusters and the 6 subclusters, formed on the basis of the similarities of the 818 genes measured over the 14 tumor samples. The 2 gene clusters consist of differentially expressed genes: over-expressed in the poor prognosis group and down-regulated in the good prognosis group, and vice versa.

Fig. 2 graphically illustrates the correlation between expression of the cadherin-11 and the MTAl genes by microarray analysis and by Real Time PCR. a, Expression mean log value of cadherin-11 in poor prognosis patients was significantly higher than the expression mean value in good prognosis patients by both analyses . b, Gene expression pattern in the poor and good prognosis patients, was also significantly correlated by both analyses, for the MTAl gene.

Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments

As mentioned, herainabove, ES is the second most common primary malignant tjone tumor in children and adolescents. In spite of advances in multimodal therapy, about 50% of patients eventually relapse, even after 5 years or more. Currently accepted clinical prognostic factors, fail to classify ES patients' risk to relapse at diagnosis.

The recent development of DNA microarrays provides an opportunity to take a genome-wide approach to extend biological insights into all aspects of the study of disease: pathogenesis, disease development, staging, prognosis and treatment response. Gene expression profiling using oligonucleotide high-density arrays has provided an additional tool for elucidating tumor biology as well as the potential for molecular classification of cancer.

In the method of the present invention, oligonucleotide high-density array analysis of material derived from primary tumors is used to identify two distinct gene expression profiles distinguishing ES patients with poor and good prognosis. The results obtained with this method (including the results presented in the Example hereinbelow) indicate the existence of a specific gene expression signature of outcome in ES, already at diagnosis thereby providing a strategy, based upon gene expression patterns, for selecting patients who would benefit from risk adapted improved therapy. The gene expression patterns used in this strategy are based on data sets containing a minimum of 1 significant gene out of the 818 genes to a maximum of 818 genes. Intermediate-sized datasets containing up to 100 genes, 200 genes, 300 genes, 400 genes, 500 genes, 600 genes, 700 genes and 800 genes, may also be usefully defined and used in said selection and prognostic strategy. The present invention also encompasses nucleic acid bearing microarrays for use in the method disclosed herein, as well as kits containing all of the necessary materials and instructions for performing the abovementioned strategy or method, as disclosed and described in more detail hereinbelow. The details of the aforementioned group of 818 genes for use in accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention are listed in Table 1 :

Table 1

Gene Gene Name GeneBank ID

FLU flightless I homolog (Drosophila) U80184

PM5 pM5 protein X57398 PBEF pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor U02020

KIAA0892 KIAA0892 protein AB020699 HSD17B4 hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 4 X87176 IGKC [ ^"_ immunoglobulin kappa constant X96754 CDC14B^ CDC14 cell division cycle 14 homolog B (S. cereyisiae) AI739548 _

"solute carrier family 22^~ (organic anion transporter),

SLC22A6 member 6" AB009698 NRTN jneurturin U78110

KIAA1096 _„KIAA1096 protein _ . AL096857 interferon-related developmental regulator \ AC005192__„

WAA0310 KIAA0310_m gene product AB002308 acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (peroxisomal 3-

ACAA1_ oxoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase) X14813

GRN granulin _ AF055008 ^"

SH3BGR SH3 domain binding glutamic acid-rich protein X93498 "Machado- oseph disease (spinocerebellar ataxia 3, olivopontocerebellar ataxia 3, autosomal dominant,

MJD ataxin 3)" U64820 DKFZP564G2022 DKFZP564G2022 protein AL049944

^"EWSRI Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1_ X66899 ^"AHCYLΪ S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase_:like 1 AI800578

KLRC3 "killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 3" AJ001685

F2RL1 coagulation factor II (thrqmbin) receptoNike 1 U34038 EIF4G1^" "eukaryotic translation inJt atjojn_factpr 4 gamma, V D12686 D26561 ^"

^"TP53BP2 ^tum r protein p53 binding protein, 2" U58334 TP63_ _ j tumor protein p63 Y16961

MAN2B1 "mannosidase, alpha, class 2B, member 1" U60899

BLCAP ^' bladder cancer associated protein AL049288

¹ "TAF6 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein TAF6 _ (TBP)-associajed factor, 80kDa" L25444

. H.sapiens hsr1 mRNA (partial) X66436 STRN3 | "striatin, cal odulin binding pjptein 3" 1117989

KIAA0914 . KIAA0914 gene product AB020721

SYNE-2 ; synaptic nuclei expressed gene 2 AL080133

LLGL1 _ lethal giant larvae homolog 1 (Drosophila) X86371 M62302

"proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non- PSMD9 ATPase, 9" AB003177

IL4 interleukin 4 M 13982

EP400 __ _ E1 A binding protein p400 AM 43868

; dolichyl-phosphate (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine) N- I acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase 1 (GlcNAc-1-P DPAGT1 _ transferase) ; ^82022

MKNK1 ^' MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 j AB000409

KIAA0356 ^" j KIAA0356 gene product ^{" ~"}_ ^". ^" _ 1 ^" AB002354^"

MET J met proto-oncogene (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) ^{• J}Q29⁵.⁸

TPO ^■ thyroid peroxidase , J02969

EGFLδ ^{" "} _j "EGj= ^-dornain, multiple^"^ ^"* AB011542^"

, homolog of yeast ribosome biogenesis regulatory protein RRS1 _ ^■ RRS1 D25218

Λ.^{R 1} ._ j ADPyibosylation factor-like 1 . 28997

SDCBP syndecan binding protein (syntenin) _ ^; AF000652

B7 _ '■ B7 protein . U72508

SDBCAG84 serologiqally defined breast cancer antigen 84 ; AF09^_1085_

^; Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp434M162 (from j clone DKFZp434M 162) , W72239

, v-rel reticuloendotheiiosis viral oncogene homolog REL i (avian) ; AA872560

"sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic SEMA3F domain^secreted, (semaphorin) 3F" | U38276 1 X71346~^"

KLK3 _ i "kallikrejn 3, (prostate pecffic antigen)" ; X07730 coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion F7 accelerator) .! 13232

RBBP2 retinoblastonia binding protein 2 _ J S664_31.._^"

KIAA0020 KIAA0020 gene ^"product^" .._ j ^"013645^""

"glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate GRIN2A 2A" ; U09002 ^• "phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase,

GART phosphoribosylaminoimidazqle synthetase" X54199

"proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, beta type, 8

PSMB8 (large multifunctional protease 7)" X87344 HTR2A 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A AA418537 SURB7 SRB7 suppressor of RNA polymerase B homolog (yeast) U52960 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7

MAP3K7IP2 interacting protein 2 _ AB018276 MGST3_^{" " " "} . microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 _ AF026977 PFDN1 prefoldin 1 D45333

U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor

U2AF65 (65kD)_ _ , AI762438

KRTHA2 "keratin, hair, acidic, 2" . _ X90761

POU4F1 "POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1" _ ' L20433

CTS cathepsin O _ _ ... ^AL⁸¹⁰⁴⁸⁵

MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 _ , U09759 immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich I

ISLR._ repeat ι AB003184

DKFZP566B183 DKFZP566B 183 protein AL050272 USP24 ^~"~_ . ^".^" ubiguitin specific protease 24 AB028980 PBX2 pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 2 _ X59842

HT012 uncharacterized hypothalamus protein HT012 AI760162 X17360

HG162-HT3165

; HRIHFB2206_m HRIHFB2206 protein . . _ _. J-1°³ 9 i^"sYBLl^"_^" J ^" synaptobrevin-Hke 1 j X92396_ ; GRM4 ^" "glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4" _X80818

"ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F0 i

Ϊ.ATP5H _ complex, _subunit d" __ _ __ ; AF087135 j MGC5149 . hypothetical protein MGC5149 . _ .. ; .U79260 i C20orf188 chromosome 20 open reading frame 188 i AF055022 r^"ZNF238^" zinc finger protein 238 j U38896

! KIAA1030 KIAA1030 protein _ . _, . ; AB028953

I ^" LU-1. ^". [ . putative DNA/chrqmatir [binding motif _ _. _„„ _ ; AJ 132440

^;' CCT8 ^ aperonin containing TCP1, subunit 8 (t eta);' _ ^' D13627

I X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese

! XRCC2 hamster cells 2 _ _ ^! Y08837 _ r ^• - ^"

^' KIAA0170 KIAA0170 gene _.product __ .__ _ _ _. _ ' AL041663 I LPIN2 Jpjή ?^{" " "} . ^"™L^"_I_^{~ "} - ^" - — - D⁸⁷⁴³? - SULT4A1 _: "sulfotransferase family 4A, member 1" W25958

CDX2 caudal type homeo box transcription factor 2 U51096

CFDP1 craniofacial development protein 1 D85939

HG1155-

HT4822

CDK2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 M68520

,_KIAA0737 j KIAA0737 gene product ! AF014837 i NTSR2 ! neurotensin receptor 2 J Y10148 _

; PRSS15 ^'' "protease, serine, 15" _ ^""X76040

! ^; "ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2M (UBC12 homolog,

[ UBE2 _ yeasty AF075599

^■ NEUROD2 ^' neurogenic differentiation 2 AB021742

[ PCBP3 _ pply(rC) binding protein 3_ AL046394

¹ CDK5 cyclin-dependent kinase 5 L04658

UBE3B ubiquit n protein ligase __ AL096740 ALDH9A1 J "aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 famijy, member A1" ! U34252 _

-' HCS , ^' cytochrome c D00265 ^"

I TUFM ; "Ju translation elongation factor, mitochondrial" S75463

J i TFCP2 - _ i , tra -nscription factor CP2 U03494

, KIAA0963 ; KIAA0963 protein AI760801

SIAH1 _ ■ seven in absentia homolog 1 (Drosophila) W26406

CRHR2 ; corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 AF011406 j "solute carrier family 7, (cationic amino acid transporter,

SLC7A11 _ _ y+ system) member 11 " AB026891

COL6A1 . ''collagen, type Nl, alpha ^' AA885106

, "phosphatase and tensin homolog (mutated in multiple

PTENP1 | advanced cancers 1), pseudogene 1" , .AF019083

PDAP1 , PDGFA associated protein 1 I U41745 I U05681

RAD50 | RAD50 homolog (S_;_ cereyisiae) _ ^! U6_3139 M13970 "LPS-responsive vesicle trafficking, beach and anchor

LRBA . j containing" j M83822 ARS2~ I arsenate resistance protein ARS2 ^" AI97263 ; AJ0p2428 _^"

ANXA2P1 ^■ annexin A2 pseudogene 1 _ j M62896 ^"~ i "excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair ; deficiency, complementation group 2 (xeroderma

ERCC2 pigmentosum D)" AA079018 ORC3L "origin recognition complex, subunit 3-like (yeast)" AL080116 "tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 12 j TNFRSF12 (translocating chain-association membrane protein)" U83598 ■ COX6AΪ cytochrome q qxidase subunit Via polypeptide 1 AΪ540925 ^" PRL prqlactin M29386 PΪM1 pim-1 oncogene M54915

! Homo sapiens mRNA full length insert cDNA clone ; EUROIMAGE 42138 AL109702

CCBP2 chemokine binding protein 2 U94888

PTS δ^yruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase L76259

GSTA4 glutathjone S-transferase A4 _ AF025887

PRSS25 I "protease, serine, 25" AF020760

SEC14L1 j SEC14-like 1 (S^cerevisiae) D67029

FGF18 I fibroblast growth factor 18 AA022949^~

U46194

FLJ20580 hypothetical protein FLJ20580 AI862521

DKFZP586B0923 DKFZP586B0923 protein AL050190

, Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp434A012 (from _ clone DKFZp434A012) AL096752

PTK2B protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta U43522

RNF13 ring finger protein 13 AF037204

ATR ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related U49844

USP19 ubiguit specific protease 19 AB020698

DDX21 r D_r EAD/H i (Asp-Glu-Ala_:Asp/His)i box polypeptide 21 U41387

STK3 ' "serine/threonine kinase 3 (STE20 homolog, yeast)" U26424.

^' melanoma-associated antigen recognised by cytotoxic T

MAAT1 ; lymphocytes U19796

W28Ϊ93 _^{" "}

TMEM1 transmembrane protein 1 AB001523 ^"

MYB ^{" "} y-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (avian) M 13666

_RER1 , ^" _ similar to j3. cerevisiae RER1 AW044624 BM9 RNA binding motif protein 9 AA402524

DKFZP586A0522 DKFZP586A0522 protein _ AL050159 MVK ^~ mevalonate kinase (mevalonic aciduria) M88468 CHIT 1 ^~ chitinase 1 (chitotriosidase) U29615

"Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ32313 fis, clone PROST2003232, weakly similar to BETA- GLUCURONIDASE PRECURSOR (EC 3.2.1,31)" AI932613 j KIAA1079 KIAA1079 protein AI9J1726 ; TCFL4 transcription factor-like 4 AW005997 j UBE2B ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2B (RAD6 homolog) M74525 ^" I HR44 Hr44 antigen X91 103 ' CDC5L CDC5 cell division cycle 5-like (S. pqmbe) AB007892

^E' 4G1 "eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 1" AF104913 "guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta

GNB1 I polypeptide 1" X04526 NRG2 { neuregulin 2 _ AA706226 XPNPEPJL ._ "X-prolyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase P) 1, soluble" X95762 _

ODC1 _ or ithine decarboxylase 1 ___ _ _ ; X16277

ALMSΪ Alstrom syndrome 1._ _ _ . R40666

| VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-

VAPB ^; associated protein B and C W27026

UJRN utrophin (homologous to dystrophin) X69086

GPR49 G protein-coupled receptor_49 _ AF062006

PPP2R4 ^! "protein phosphatase 2A, regulatory subunit B" (PR 53)" _ ^■■ X73478

RABGGTB '' "Rab geranylgeranyltransferase, beta subunit" ^■ X98001

AP3S2 "adaptor-related protein complex 3, sigma 2 subunit" X99459

KIAA0171 KIAA0171 gene product D79993

"ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), ABCC8 member 8" L78207

LOC51634 CGI-79 protein AL050405

¹ Homo sapiens clone 24487 mRNA sequence __ AF070579

SAH ! SA hypertension-associated homolog (rat) ^; X80062

!^"" ^{" " " " "} ; ^_~

TCF8 ; transcription factor 8 (represses interleukin Expression) U19969

ADCYAP1 i adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary) __ ,_X60435_

DEK ; DEK oncogene (DNA binding) _ ; X64229

■ D site of albumin promoter (albumin D-box) binding ■

DBP _ ; pnptein ___ _ ; U48213

'^■ "integrin, alpha E (antigen CD103, human mucosal ITGAE lymphocyte antigen 1; alpha polypeptide)" L25851 i "ATP-binding cassette, sub-family F (GCN20), member ABQ ² -. . . _ ! ?" . . ... . .. . - . AJ005016

; "sterol-C5-desaturase (ERG3 delta-5-desaturase SC5DL j homolog, fungal)-like" AB016247

| ^■ D50525

LGALS9. _ ; "lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9 (galectin 9)" Z49107

CUL1 . . j cullin 1 _ _ _ _ . . . . U58Q87 _

GΫPE __ _ . glycophorjn _E . __ __ . .. _ _ _> X53004

DIAPH2 I diaphanous homolog 2 (Drosqphila) _ _ __ ^■ Y.15909_

PSR _ ! phosphatidylserine receptor _ __ AI950382 _ j "lipase A, lysosomal acid, cholesteroϊ esterase (Woϊman ,

J_r'FA ... _ . ■- disease)" _ __ | X76488

] "proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non- PSMD11 ATPase, 11" __ _ ; AB003102

"proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, i

PSMA3 _ _ _ . ! 3" . . _ _ _ _. . . ' D00762

NBPΛ _„. ._. ! .yon Hippel-Lindau binding protein 1 _ __ U56833

SIX6 . .. .. _. . . ! ..sine oculis homeobox homolog 6 (Drosqphila __ _ _ J AJ011785

_^"_RBL2 __ ^" j retinqplastoma-li 2 ^"(p130) ^" _^"_ ._. I 76061_ _^~

I "potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related KCΝAB1_ ^'..subfamily, beta member 1" . X83127 EP300 _ __ ; E1 A binding protein p300 U01877

"ABO blood group (transferase A, alpha 1-3-N- ' acetylgalactosammyltransferase; transferase B, alpha 1- ABO ' 3-galactosyltransferase)" X84746

GRIK5 "glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 5" AA977136

ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+; poly (ADP-ribose) ADPRTL1 polymerase)-like 1 AF057160

;_HBXIP hepatitis B virus x interacting protein AF029890 iBHCβo^' _^{" "}_. ^; BRAF35/HDAC2 complex (80 kDa) W25985 KIAA0436 _ ^! putative L-type neutral amino acid transporter AB007896

; MDH2 i "malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial)" AF047470

^'_KIAAϋ630 ^" KIAA0630 protein __ AB014530

JL1RL1 interleukin receptor-like 1 D12763

, DMTF1 cyclin D binding myb-like transcription factor 1 AF052102

"mutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2 (E. , MLH1 _, coli)" U 07418

I GGTLA1 J gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1 M64099 ^" _t FHIT fragile histidine triad gene U46922 ^" j "ESTs, Weakly similar to I38724 mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor - human [H. sapiens]" AI052224 ' ZNF278 _ ■ zinc finger protein 278 AI352450 holocarboxylase synthetase (biotin-[proprionyl- ; HLCS Cqenzyme A-carboxylase (ATP-hydrqlysing)j ligase) D87328

; LOC5714J _ , hypothetical protein LOC57147 W26641

I HTR4 j 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 4 Y12505

■ MP F _^ mqnocytic leukemia zinc finger protein-related factor AB002381

_[ AANAT I arylalkylamine N-_acetyltransferase U40391

, MGP j matrix Gla protein AI953789

AB012229

FLJ13052 1 NAD kinase AL031282

^' VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)- VAPB , associated protein B and C .W25933

ENTPD1 ! ectonucleqside triphosphate diphqsphohydrolase 1 AJ133133

SDF2 ,^' stromal cell-derived factor 2 D50645 ^" U60269

KIAA0907 ; KIAA0907 protein . _ AB020714 SPRR2C ^" I small proline^ich protein 2C M21539 DNAJB5 "DnaJ _(Hsp40) homolog, subfamijy B, member 5" AF088982 FMR2 ^"_ fragile X mental retardation 2 U48436 , ^' "solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter,

SLC7A8 i y+ system), member 8" Y18483 E2F5 J."E2F transcription factor 5, pi 30-bindjng" U31556 ^" LSM3 I Lsm3 protein N98670 FLJ22678 j hypothetical protein FLJ22678 AA165701 PRKCABP _ "protein kinase C, alpha binding protein" AL049654

^; p(P2 ; disco-interacting protein 2 (Drosophila) homolog D80006

^', ^CEP1 _ centrosomal protein 1 _„ . . AF083322

.PAX.⁶ "paired box gene 6 (aniridia, keratitisj" M93650

^' HLALS "majqr histocompatibility complex, class l-like sequence" AF031469

MPV17 "MpV17 transgene, murine homolog, glomerulosclerosis" X76538

,^' _ . ^"_ _. _ , _. .. W29045

; KIAA0217 _ ! KIAA0217 protein __ .^"_ D86971

: RANBP7 ; RAN binding protein 7 . AF098799

I UBE4A "ubiquitinatio factor E4A (UFD2 homolog, yeast)" D50916

^' KIAA0337 KIAA0337 gene product AB002335

UJPK1A . . . uroplakin 1A _ _ AF085807

"ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-

^' ELAVL2 _ ^' like 2 (Hu antigen B)" U29943

PISD _ phosphatidylserine decarboxylase _ AL050371

, ZP3A j zqna pellucida glycoprotein 3A (sperm receptor) •' X56777

; HDAC3 j histone deacety ase 3 _ ; U75697

[ AD024^ _ ^{" "} _^{" '} AD024 protein _ ^"_ ^{~ "}_ ^{" "} _ ^* W28610

! PFKFB2 I "6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2" AJ005577 , RRH . . retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodqpsin homolog AF012270

, GHMBP2 immunqglobulin mu binding protein 2 L14754

_; DSPG3 ; dermatan sulfate proteoglycan 3 _ ___ U59111

¹ ' Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp434M245 (from

I _ _ j clone DKFZp434M245) __ , W28661

[ MAPK9 ■ mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 ; U09759 j ^".. ^". ^~"1.^{" "} 1^{" ""}. .. ^" .^" _ J ^" .. _^ JU64871 i , "Alport syndrome, mental retardation, midface

I hypoplasia and elliptocytosis chromosomal region, gene _; l AMMECRI - V _ __ _ _ _ . . _ ._ ^' AJ007014

; j "AT Pase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 34kDa, V1 subunit ,

; ATP6V1 D ; D"_ AA877795

I ; "acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family,

! ANP32A ; member A" _ _ ___ ι U73477 i ' phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (FGAR

\ ^FAS. -L^ami.^d.^ot. ^a.ⁿ?^fer?^se). _. _ _ __ .^' AB_pθ_235?

^ CPNE3 ^{" "} J copine 111 _ ^{' " "}_ ^'_ ^{' " "}___ _ _ ^~ _~ __^'; AB014536 _ i KIAA0410 j KIAA0410 gene product _ 7 . ^" . _ J AB007870 j SET .. _._._„ _ . I SET translocation (myeloid leukemia-associated) ' M93651 i ^! "cleavage stimulation factor, 3' pre-RNA, subunit 2, ;

J QSTF2 _ __ __ j 64kDa" ; M85085

^! "arsA arsenite transporter, ATP-binding, homolog 1 j

J AS A1 . . [ (bacterial)".. _ _ _ _. . . . . _. . . _ _. _.AF047469

! ! "solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), <■

; SLC2A1 ! member I." _ _ __ ._J. K031_9_5_ i C8orf1 j chromosome 8 open readmg frame 1 ___ _, AI738702 Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp586K2322 (from clone DKFZp586K2322) AL080113

, JM9SF1_ transmembraηe 9 superfamily member 1 U94831

^' OP _Norrie_ disease (pseudoglioma) _, X65724 "tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-

_, YWHAE mqnooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide" U54778 "potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J,

. KCNJ6 member 6" U52153

X03453

RFPL3 ret finger protein-like 3 AJ010232

^' HCFCi host cell factor C1 (VP16-accessory protein) U52112 "solute carrier family 12 (potassium/chloride

SLC12A4 transporters), member 4" AF054506

, ^τ "T, brachyury homolog (mouse)" AJ001699

ZNF174 zinc finger protein 174 U31248

TRAP100 thyroid hormone receptor-associated protem (100 kDa) D50920

. HTR6 ^~ ] 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 6 L41147

NASP nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein (histone-binding) M97856

^" COMT catechol-O-methyltransferase M58525

^"^-_7_ 7^"„ AXL receptor tyrosine kinase M76125 _u N E1_ "non-metastatic cells 11, protein (NM23A) expressed Jn" X73066

M10098

LOC51055 unknown U88048

CREM cAMP responsive element modulator S68271

MEF-2 myelin gene expression factor 2 W28567

PCBP1 ^' poly(rC) binding protein 1 Z29505

"guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma

GNG5 δ_^H _ AI541042

CNNM2 ^" cycjin M2 _ _ ^"AI827730

^' NCSTN nicastrin D87442

ICOS inducible T-cell co-stimulator AB023135

TK2 "thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial" U80628

LTK leukocyte tyrosine kinase X52213 _

_^BRD^ ^" _... bromodomain containing 2 . _ .. . . D42040

"SMAP^{" " " ~} skeletal muscle abundant protein _ AF016270

- Homo sapiens retinoic acid-inducible endogenous retroviral DNA M64936

_.MYQiς!_ ^"_^" _ myosin IC X98507

IMAGE145052 small acidic protein AI346580

"AML1=AI\ΛL1 {alternatively spliced, exons 5 and b}

[human, mRNA Partial, 284 nt S76346

IKKE IKK-related kinase epsilon; inducible IkappaB kinase D63485

_, LU _ Lutheran blood group (Auberger b antigen included) X80026 KJAA0828 I KlAA0828_protein_, . AB020635 3LC30A3_ J ''solute carrier familyJ30 (zinc transporter), member 3" U76010 IL13RA1 ^"""__ ; ^interleukin 13 receptor alpha 1" _, ^' Y10659 C22orf4 i chromosome 22 open reading frame 4 ^'. AL096779 BCL11A ^-cell CLL/lymphornaJIA zinc finger protein) W27619 HIP«3 ^{" '} , homeodomain interacting protejn kinase 3 AI523538 ACVR1B "activin A receptor, type IB" ^* Z22536 UBA2 SUMO_:1 activating enzyme subunit 2 _ AL041443

^' "thyroid hormone receptor, alpha (erythroblastic

THRA leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog, avian)" X55005

NCOA2 nuclear receptor coactivator 2 AI040324

IRF2 interferon regulatory factor 2 X15949

L38424

GNAS GNAS complex locus X04409

TM4SF6 , transmembrane 4 superfamily member 6 AF043906

ZK1 __^'_ ; Kruppel-type zinc_^finger (C2H2)_ _ __ __ AB011414

ARPC5 ; "actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5, 16kDa" AF006088

^"PEX7^{~ ■} peroxisomal biogenesis factor 7 ^* U88871

FMR1 ^~ ^fragile X mentaj retardation 1 X69962

ZP2 : zona pellucida glycoprotein 2 (sperm receptor) M90366

"olfactory receptor, family 7, subfamily A, member 126

OR7E126P ;_pseudogene" ^; AF065854 HSF4 ! heat shock transcription factor 4 D87673 HG2702-

_#_HT2798

"ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G 1 (UBC7 homolog,

UBE2G1 C. eiegans)" D78514

GRLFt .7 glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding factor 1 AI670100 ^~SSFA2 ^" sperm specific antigen 2 _ ^{' "}M61199 JIK ^{" ~ "}_ STE20-like kinase W28742^"

"protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), catalytic subunit,

PPP3CC gamma isqform (calcineurin A gamma)" j AI762547

AHCYLΪ S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like 1 ^" AI800578 . PRpP prolylcarboxypeptidase (angiotensinase C) ; L13977^""

NR2C1 "nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 1" ■ M29960

FUS "fusion, derived from t(12; 6) malignant liposarcoma" I S62140 _ Z_N_F_2_73_ zinc finger protein 273 _ I X78932_ __,

MYST histone acetyltransferase \ ; AI41707

NQOΪ "NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1" ^"'• 8Ϊ600 a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 15

ADAM15 (metargidin) i U41767 CRYAB "crystallin, alpha B" ¹ AL038340

DKFZp566Dl33 _.; DKFZp566D133 protein_^ AL050050 "microtubule-associated protein, RP/EB family, member

MAPRE1 1" . _ ___ _ _ ^' U24166

"transforming growth factor, beta 1 (Camurati-

TGFB1 Engelmann disease)" X02812 , ZNF189 zinc finger protein 189 AF025770, ^' ATP1 B3 "ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 3 polypeptide" U51478

"Probe hTg737 (polycystic kidney disease, autosomal

! TG737 recessive, in)" _„ . . . _._ _ _ .■ U20362

; FST ^{' " '} follistatin . - - - - - - _{Mι g4Q1}

DKFZP564O0423 , DKFZP564O0423 protein AL080120

MAGEA4 ; "melanoma antigen, family A, 4" U10688

POU6F1 "POU domain, class 6,_transcπption factor 1" Z21966

FU20986 _^hypothetical protein FLJ20986 Z24724

LOC90586 amine qxidase pseudogene AF047485 Ml PEP mitochondπal intermediate peptidase U80034 ; Homo sapiens clone 24507 mRNA sequence AF052148

Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp66701814 (from clqne DKFZp^β6701814) W26677

HTR1E 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1 E M91467

DKFZP564L0862 ; DKFZP564L0862 protein AL080091 HRB2 _ __ ] HIV-1 rev binding protein 2 U00943 REA repressqr of estrogen receptor activity U72511

| "docking protein 1, 62kDa (downstream of tyrosine

DOK1 J kinase 1)" U70987 KIAA0710 KIAA071_0 gene product AB014610

"prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeld-Jakob disease,

Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial

PRNP insomnia)" U29185 ^"PTK7 PTK7 protejn tyrosine kinase 7 U33635 _ KIAA0426 KIAA0426 gene product AB007886

"Phosphoglycerate kinase {alternatively spliced} [human, phosphoglycerate kinase deficient patient with episodes of muscl, mRNA Partial Mutant, 307 nt]" ! S81916 "neural precursor ceH expressed, developmentally down-

NEDD4 regulated 4" .. _...... _ __ _ . __ . _ D42055

CSH2 ^" chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 AA15Ϊ971

ARF4 ^{" "} ADP-ribosylatton factor_4 _ _ _ _j M36341^" ~

CD34 CD34 antigen M81945

KIAA0092 KIAA0092 gene product ! D42054

I

DKFZp434G2311 hypothetical protein DKFZp434G2311 ; W22289 GYPB glycophorin B (includes Ss blood group) . U05255 tic SEC7 homolog ____ _ _ _ _ ! U63127 X61072

KIAA0552 ₄ KIAA0552 gene product AB011124 KIAA0970 KIAA0970 protein AB023187

"solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member

SLC18A1_ 1" U39905 D86096

S100A5 S100 calcium binding protein A5 Z18954 EFNA3 ephrin-A3 U14187

. nucleoside diphosphate kinase type 6 (inhibitor of p53-

NM23-H6 ' induced apoptesis-alpha) AF051941 NXF1 nuclear RNA export factor 1 AJ132712

"solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate

SLC4A8_ cotransporter, member 8" ABO 18282 IGHM _ immunoglobulin heavy constant mu AF015128 EEF1A1 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 W28170 , Homo sapiens clone 24468 mRNA sequence AF070623

! "ubiquitin specific protease 9, X chromosome (fat facets-

USP9X _; like D osophila)" X98296 dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated

DYRK2 kinase 2 Y09216

LBP lipopolysaccharide binding protein AF013512

POH1 26S proteasome-associated padl homolog U86782

KIAA0211 j KIAA02_.11_ge e product D86966 PXRΪ^" peroxisome receptor 1 _{„ .} _ . . Z48054 __ ! HG2689- . HT2785

"TAF4 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein

_; TAF4 (TBP)-associated factor, 135kDa" ^' U75308

^■ ZNF313 _ ^{" "} zinc finger protein 313 _, AL031685 ____2A_7 phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2A ' AF014402

[ ^"FLJ20323 ^" hypothetical protein FLJ20323 , AC004982

! c^pi t-complex 1 ' X52882.NR2F1 "nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1_" ^! I 6155 ϊ MAG. __ . ^" myelin associated glycoprotein :_M29273 .. ' J04423 . .

7ELAC2^~~ 77 elaC homolog 2 (E. coli) _... . . .. _ AA522537 mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase

! MAPKAPK2 2 ^r U12779 : SMAP skeletal muscle abundant protein X87613 , ZNF263 zinc finger protein 263 ' D88827 j DDX27 DEAD/H (Asp-Glu Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 27 ' W25911 HSA659Ϊ7 nucleolar cysteine-rich protein !^" AJ006591 J "mago-nashi homolog, proliferation-associated

I MAGOH : (Drosqphila)" AF035940 YΪ6788 ~ KRT2A__ keratin 2A (epidermal ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens) AF019084

"RNA binding protein (autoantigenic, hnRNP-associated

RΛ ^Y with lethal yellow)" L38696 CJ1orf9 chromosome 11 open reading frame 9 AB023171 XP01 ^" "exportin 1 (CRM1 homolog, yeast)" Y08614 H2BFC "H2B histqne family, member C" AL009179 ■ SETDB1 ^"_ ^SET_^domain, bifurcated 1" D31891 ! SEC63L SEC63 protein ; AJ011779 f MGC8721 hypothetical protein MGC8721 ^: W26659 ^~ RPP40 ^" ~ "ribonuclease P, 40kD subunit" U94317

GAPD glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase . M33197 _. KIAA0467 KIAA0467 protein AB007936

"potassium large conductance calcium-activated

KCNMB1 channel, subfamily M, beta member 1" U25138 PML promyelocyticjeukerpia M79463

^{" B2}.M beta-2-microglobulin S82297 uroporphyrinogen III synthase (congenital erythropoietic UROS porphyria) ^' J03824

"phosphodiesterase 4A, cAMP-specific

, PDE4A (phosphodiesterase E2 dunce homolog, Drosophila)" L20965 " M59830

; NUP155^" nucleoporin 155kDa AB018334^" _HRMTiLl ^" HMT1 hnRNP methyltransferase-like 1 (S, cerevisiae) ^" X99209

[BTN3A2 _^" ._ utyrophilin, subfamily 3, member A2" U97502 TRAP IOO^" thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein (100 kDa) _, W29091 I PRKCD "protein kinase C, delta" i D10495 ^r OAZ-^{" "} qmithine decarppxyjase antizyme 2 ^; AF057297 I ADRBK1 "adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 1" U08438 "Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ30824 fis, clone FEBRA2001698" ; H 12054

GTF2H4 "general transcription factor IIH, polypeptide 4, 52kDa" Y07595 LGALS9 "lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9 (galectin 9)" ' AB006782

, ACTB "actin, beta" X00351

| TMSB4Y "thymosin, beta 4, Y chromosome" ! AF000989

"general transcription factor MIC, polypeptide 2, beta

GTF3C2 110kDa" . . . . _ ..... .. _ . _„ . . . D13636 C9orf3 chromosome 9_open read g frame 3 NSEP1 ^" nuclease sensitive element binding protein 1 transition protein 1 (during histone to protamine

TNP1 .! .' replacement)

HEXA hexqsaminidase A (alpha polypeptide) CCNF cyclin F

; SIP Siah-interacting protein

X81832 JHLA-F "major histocompatibility complex, class l, F^ AL022723

DKFZP434D1335 DKFZP434D1335.protein __ ___ Al 920820 RNASEH1 ribonuclease H1 AF039652

"Homo sapiens cDNA: FLJ23482 fis, clone KAIA03142" U55980

KIAA0877 KIAA0877 protein AB020684

^"CLTB _ "clathπn, light polypeptide (Lcb)" X81637

TTsPAδ heat shock 70kDa protein 8 Y00371

CTNNA1 "catenin (cadherin-associated protein), alpha 1 (102kDa" U03100

W27906

EIF4A2 "eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A, isoform 2" D30655

H2BFN "H2B histone family, member N" Z98744

KIAA0514 KIAA0514 gene product AB011086 pRPS1 _ phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 D00860

PAX8. paired box gene 8 X69699

U 10689

. "UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1 ,4- galactosyltransferase,

B4GALT4 , pqlypeptide_4" AF038662

Homo sapiens clone 23821 mRNA sequence AF038194

" "platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform lb,

PAFAH1 B1 alpha subunit 45kDa" 13385.. __ ^"IFNAIO ^" "interferon, alpha 10" ygbi-i^{"" " '}, "ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP),

ABCB10 member 10" U 18237 CASP10 j "caspase 10, apoptosis-related cysteine protease" U60519 PFKM _^' i "phosphofructqkinase, muscle" U24183 RCN2 ! "reticulocalbin 2, EF-hand calcium binding domain" X78669

, "protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), catalytic subunit,

PPP3CB beta isoform (calcineurin A beta)" M29550 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (glucose 1-

H6PD ; dehydrogenase) AJ012590 .PTPRA * "protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, A" M34668

FUI7 i "fucosyltransferase 7 (alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase)'^ AB012668

PFKP ; "phqsphofructqkinase, platelet" D25328^"

MAGEA9 ! "melanoma antigen, family A, 9" U10694 _^""

SDFR1 I stromal cell derived factor receptor 1 AF035287

CAV2 ^" i caveolin 2 AF035752

! "excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 5 (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group G (Cockayne

ERCC5_ syndrome))" MLN mqtilin PJK2 _^"_ PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 _ nuclear matrix protein p84

0S4 conserved gene amplified in osteosarcoma AF000152 ITPR2 "inositql 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2" D26350 P0U6F1 "POU domain, class 6, transcription factor 1" Z21966 ^"GATA∑f GATA binding protein 2 _t M77810 SFRS7 "splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 7, 35kDa" L41887 FBX021^" F-box only protein 21 AB020682 AGM1 N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase AA001791 UGT2B15 "UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B15" . U06641

"secretory granule, neuroendocrine protein 1 (7B2

SGNE1 protein)" Y00757

CHP cajcium binding protein P22 7^"_J61538^""_

PDCD10 programmed ceH death 10 AF022385

FLJ21432 hypothetical protein FLJ21432 ^' W26655

KIAA0692 KIAA0692 protein AI924382

HNRPH3 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H3 (2H9) AF052131

OCRL oculocerebrorena! syndrome of Lowe U57627

ESR2 estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) X99101

HG1111- j.HT1111

Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp586H319 (from clone DKFZp586l1319) AL050106

SIM2 single-minded homolog 2 (Drosophila) U80457

DCTN1 __ "dynactin 1 (p150, gjued homolog, Drosophila)" . AF086947 MGC965Ϊ^". hypothetical protein MGC9651 ^' W21884 SFRS3 "splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 3" AF038250 ZNFIO^" zinc finger .protein 10 i_.KOX 1)_ ^' X52332 AP2A2 "adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 2 subunit" ^"_ AB020706^" FLJ106J8 hypothetical protein FLJ10618 ^"rAL049246 TTTY15 ^" "testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 15" AL080Ϊ35

"inhibitor of DNA binding 1 , dominant negative helix-loop-

ID1 helix protein" _ X77956

DAGΪ ^" dystroglycan 1_ (dystrophin-associated glycoprqteiη 1 ) . L1971Ϊ ^" ZNF175 zmc finger protein 175 D50419 ; W26472_

RAB2^™ "RAB2, member RAS oncogene family" __ i M28213 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 4

ENPP4 (putative function) ' AB020686 RHBDL ''rhomboid, yeinleWike 1 (Drosophila)" ..Y17108 KA 064 KIAA0648 protein _ J^"AB014548 ubiquitin carboxyϊ-terminal esterase L3 (ubiquitin

UCHL3 thiolesterase) ' AA746355 LOC51035^" ORF , M68864

"integrin, beta 2 (antigen CD18 (p95), lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 ; macrophage antigen 1

ITGB2 (mac-1) beta subunit)" ! M15395

"protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B (B56), f

PPP2R5C gamma isoform" | Z69030 MIR16 membrane interacting protein of RGS16 AC003108

HSPCB _ "heat shock 90kDa protein 1, beta" ^* M16660

"ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 70kDa, V1 subunit

ATP6V1A1 i A, isoform 1" AA056747

CETN3 "centrin, EF-hand protein, 3 (CDC31 homolog, yeast)" AI056696

PRDX3 peroxiredoxin 3 D49396

LOC129080 putative emul AL031186

P2RX5 "purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 5" _ U49395

HUMPPA ^■ paraneqplastic antigen ~ L02867 HG2530- HT2626

SCAP ^' SREBP CLEAVAGE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN D83782 MD-1 _; "MD-1 , RP105-associated" AB020499 CDC6 CDC6 cell division cycle 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae) U77949 BRAP BRCA1 associated protejn ^' AL042733 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM

CAMK2G kinase) II gamma U66063

"myosin, light polypeptide, regulatory, non-sarcomeric

MLCB :_(20kD)"_ , X54304

_9^pA1_^" 7 i optic atrophy 1 (autosomal dominant) ^; AB011139 ^"HSPC1l i hypothetical protein HSPC111 _ AI553745 1 "serine threonine kinase 39 (STE20/SPS1 ^"homolog,

STK39 , yeast)" . AF099989 ^"ΫME1L1 YME1-like 1 (S. cerevisiae) AJ 132637 H1F2 , "H1 histone family, member 2" AH 89287 MLANA I melan-A_ ... _„ ._U06452 ___

¹ "proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-

PSMD9 _j . ATPase, 9"_ _ _ ; AI347155 LARGE _^" i like-glycosyltransferase ^' AJ007583 CREB3 ^"" ; cAMP responsive element binding protein_3_(luman) ^"j . U88528 MRPS14^" I mitochondrial ribosomal protein S14 _ ;^" A^"L049705^" TM4SF5 i transmembrane 4 superfamily member 5 7AF027204 SIT SHP2 interacting transmembrane adaptor [ AJ010059 ! Z48950

EPB49 __ erythrqcyte membrane protein band 4.9 (dematin)_ ^' U28389

TCN2 , transcoba]amin II; macrocytic anemia L02648

OIP2 _ Opa_:interacting protein 2 ' AL050353^"

"aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 2 ALAS2 ; (sideroblastic/hypochromic anemia)" ^' X60364 CHC1 | chromosome condensation 1 ' X12654 GMPS _ _j ..guanine ι monphosphate synthetase , U10860

! "solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier, brain), SLC25A14 | member 14" AF078544

Jf.NRPM . . heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprptein M 03532 ^{" " "}

I PDZ domain containing guanine nucleotide exchange P Z-GEF1_ _ J_ factor(GEF)1 AB002311 UBE2N _ j J'ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBC13 homolog, D83004 yeast)"

"ESTs, Moderately similar to hypothetical protein FLJ20489 [Homo sapiens] [H. sapiens]" ' W28230 "M11717

"neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-

NEDD5 regulated 5" _ _ D63878

J04423

CDH2 "cadherin 2, type 1, N-cadherin (neuronal)" ■ M34064 PP35 protein similar to E.coli yhdg and_R. capsulatus nifR3 _ , U62767 ^"_

Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp686N1377 (from clone DKFZp686N1377) S63912 "Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ13555 fis, done PLACE1007677" AL080210 * M33764

RELN reelin U79716

"protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit PPP1 R12A 12A" D87930

"solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger),

SLC9A6 isoform 6" AF030409 NRXN1 ^" neurexin 1 _ AB011150

__^p_ 71 gamma tubulin ring complex protein (76p gene) ^" W28255 ^~

CDH 11 "cadherin 11 , type 2, OB-cadherin (osteoblast)" D21255

FLJΪ 1198 hypothetical protein FLJ11198 U66685

"alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked

ATRX (RAD54 homolog, S. cerevisiae)" U72936 BRCA1 "breast cancer 1 , early onset" U64805

"myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax

MLLT4 homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 4" _ AB011399 "COX11 homolog, cytochrome c oxidase assembly

COX11 protein (yeast)" U79270 TCEA1 ^" "transcription elongation factor A (Sll), 1" M81601 TEGT testis enhanced gene transcript (BAX inhibitor 1) X75861 RPL9 ribosomal protein L9 U09953 CDK5R1 "cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 1 (p35)" X80343

HG4518- HT4921

SOS2 _ son of sevenless homolog 2 (Drosophila) L13858 EPHB2 EphB2 . _ . 1. . ^"7 . 7 .._ . . 1 AF025304 Z97054

KJAA0185 Kl AA0185 protein _ _ _ D800b7 ^"

MYC y__myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian) V00568

KCNK3 "potassium channel, subfamily K, member 3" AF006823

HSPA9B heat shock 70kDa protein 9B (mortalin-2) ^' L15189

AIF1 ^" allqgraft inflammatory factor 1 Y14768

PMS2L6 pqstmeiotic segregation increased 2-like 6 Al 341574

DMWD ^" dystrophia myotonica-containing WD repeat motif __t L19267_

GMPR^{" "}_ guanosine monophosphate reductase ^"' M24470 ' M10098

RTP801^" HIF-1 responsive RTP801 AA522530

MMP11 matrix metalloproteinase 11 (stromelysin 3) X57766 IAA1067 KIAA1067 protein AB028990^" a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 19 (meltrin

ADAM 19 beta) ; AL049415

Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp586F2224 (from clone DKFZp586F2224) ^" AI655015 f-

C1orf16 chromosome 1 open reading frame 16 ■ D87437 GP1BA . "glycoprotein lb (platelet), alpha polypeptide" ; J02940 _

"succinate dehydrogenase complex, subuηit B, iron

SDHB sulfur (lp)" \ U17886 i NTRK2 ^" "neurotrpphic tyrosin_e kinase, receptor, type 2" ^', U12Ϊ40^"_ gene predicted from cDNA with a complete coding

KIAA0110 sequence ! D14811 MAP3K7. mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 | AB009356.

MGC5466 hypothetical protein MGC5466 090904^""J.

"protein phosphatase 1A (formerly 2C), magnesium-

PPM1A dependent, alpha isoform" ^' §87759 ,^' K01383 KIAA0677 , KIAA0677 gene product AB014577 HNRPA2B1 ; heterogeneous nuclear .ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 M29065 ^"

DKFZP434J046 i DKFZP434J046 protein AC004144 MAN1A1 "mannosidase, alpha, class 1A, member 1" X74837 KIAA0455 KIAA0455 gene product AB007924 NUP160 nucleoporin 160kDa D83781

Niyitϊ N-myristoyltransferase 1 M86707

"phosphatidylinositoi-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I,

PIP5K1C gamma" AB011161 GTF2H3 "general Jranscriptiqn factor IIH, polypeptide 3, 34kDa" Z30093

DCN ^" decorin ^' M14219

"Human small proline rich protein (sprll) mRNA, clone .. ¹⁷4N" _ M21302

"polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide B,

; P0LR2B _^ . 140kDa" X63563

^* J04988

7AHSG ^{~ "}_ i alpha-2 HS-glycoprqtein M16961 signal transducing adaptor molecule (SH3 domain and

' STAM ^" ITAM motif) 1 U43899 SCAM-1 vinexin beta (SH3-containing adaptor molecule-1) AF037261

! RAF1_ ; v-raf-1 murine eukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 ; X06409 KIAA0964 ^; KΪAA0964 protein ^" AB023181

! SPARCL1 _# "SPARC-like^"! ( ast9, hevϊn);' ^" 77 _ 7 , X86693

PGRMCI^" progesterone receptor membrane component 1 ^*_Y12711 ' COP9 constitutive photomorphogenic homolog subunit 5

C0PS5 ; (Arabidopsis) ^{' U65}9².⁸ j MGC2650 , hypothetical protein MGC2650 : AI885381

\ "cytochrome P450, subfamily XIA (cholesterof side chain i ^{cγp 1}A ... ^', cleavage)" ^! M14565 ] CPB2 ; "carboxypeptidase B2 (plasma, carboxypeptidase U)" ;^' M75108 | NRG1 neuregulin 1 ^' L41827 ; GTF2F2 j "general transcription factor TIF, polypeptide 2, 30kDa" ; X16901 i UCP2.^{" "} j "uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)" ^"| U94592 ¹ BM036 uncharacterized bone marrow protein BM036 ! A1057607 ^" ! HLA-G ^{" "} | "HLA-G hjstocompatibijity antigen, class I, G" , M90683f ^"

I synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome

! SS18L1 i 18-like 1 AB014593

DKFZP547E1010 DKFZP547E1010 protein AL050260

PARG poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrqlase AF005043 RPS15A πbosomal protein S15a W52024_ CREBL2^" cAMP responsive element ^binding protein-like 2 AF03908Ϊ HSDΪ7B3 hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3 U05659 ^" Homo sapiens clone 23718 mRNA sequence AF052138 i HG2465- i HT4871 pi1 _ isopentenyl-diphosphate delta Fsomerase X17025

^■ "chromobox homolog 3 (HP1 gamma homolog, C?^X3__. _ _.: DiOspphjla)" AA648295

PAI-RBP1 . PAΪ-ϊ mRNA-binding protein AL080119 splicing factor proline/glutamine rich (polypyrimidine tract SFPQ ' binding protein associated) W27050

AMACR alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase AJ 130733

KIAA1045 7.KIAA 945 prptein ^" _^" 7 _. 1 AB028968

HNRPH2 _; heterogeneousjnuclear ribonucieoprotein H2 (H') ΪJ01923 ^"

KIAA05377 7 .. K'AA°⁵³7 gene product ^'_ _ ^' _ ^{~ "}ABOI U M ^" X55503 ^"

"myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax

J MLLT2 homolog, Drosophila); translocated to, 2" L13773

"ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila)-

' ELAVL3 like 3 (Hu antigen C)" D26158 ^■ ING1L "inhibitor of growth family, member 1 -like" AH86701 PPP4R1 "protein phosphatase 4, regulatory subunit 1" , U79267 ACTB_ ^"'^"'actiη, beta'; _ . ._ 1 _ ~7. ^"7. 7. X63432 . FBX09 F-box only protein 9 ^";^"AL03Ϊ178 LYPLA1 iysophospholipase I ^' AF081281

"polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide^" F,^~39

POLR3F kDa"_^ U93869 ^: MCLC ^{" "} Mid-1 -related chloride channel 1 _ AB018304

1 ^pp||E. peptidylprolyl isomerase E (cyclophilin E) !_AF04238^β "phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide

! PAICS synthetase"_ J X53793 interferon gamma receptor 2 (interferon gamma IFNGR2 transducer 1) _ __ U05875_^

"phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, membrane- PITPNM associated" X98654

X03453 ^"""

KIAA0435 ' KIAA0435 gene product AB007895

1 "tafazzin (cardiomyopathy, dilated 3A (X-linked); TAZ _ endocardial fibroelastosis 2; Barth syndrome)" ! X92762

; "ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 50/57kDa, V1 ATP6V1 H ^j subunit H" AI741756

DKFZP566C243 I DKFZP566C243 protein __ j AL050274

PPP1R3D | "protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3D" ^"f Ϋ18206

SBA2 CS box containing WD protein j AF038187

"MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, polypeptide MEF2A A (myocyte enhancer factor 2A)" I U49020 I J05614 7 UNC13 ^" unc-13-like (C. elegans) _ AF020202 ^"

HFL-EDDGI erythrqid differentiation and denucleation factor 1 l AF048^~84?

LTA4H leukotriene A4 hydrolase T J03459 ^"~ METTL1 methyitransferase-like 1 Y18643 AD000092

"Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ40021 fis, clone

STOMA2006904" AL080094 interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats

IFIT1 . ! M24594 TEF ; thyrotrophic embryonic factor U44059 H OX2 I heme oxygenase (decycling) 2 AI086057 DDB1 ; "damage-specific DNA binding protein 1 , 127kDa^ _U32986_ AKAP8 , A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 8 Y11997^"

"solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger),

SLC9A1 _ isoform 1 (antiporter, Na+/H+, amiloride sensitive)" S68616

"acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight ACADM chain" M91432

^"NEURL neuralized-like (Drosophija) AF029729

CDKN1 B , "cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1)" Al 304854 ASH2L "ash2 (absent, small, or homeotic)-like (Drosophila)" AB022785

"KH domain containing, RNA binding, signal transduction

KHDRBS1 ; associated 1" M88108

SNAP25 j "synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa" D21267

RP2 retinitis pigmentosa 2.(X-linked recessive) AJ007590 acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (acetoacetyl

ACAJ2 . Coenzyme A thiqlase) _ S70154

. "ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 70kDa, V1 subunit

ATP6V1A1 j A, isoform 1" L09235 AQPl^{" "} , "aquaporin 1 (channel-forming integral protein, 28kDa)" U41518 PP1R8 ■ "protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 8" U14575 HLA-DOB "major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta" X03066 ENSA endosulfine alpha ^' X99906 Xlj _ MAX interacting protein 1 _ L07648

^' "proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-

PSMD4 . ATPase, 4" U51007

! "solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter,

SLC6A2 I nqradrenalin), member 2" _: X91 117 GTF2I 77 ; "general transcription factor ; ll, i"_ _ ^; U77948 ^"

M350?3_.

ZFP36L2 ^" "zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 2"__ : U07802 ^"_^" NUP98 nucleoporin 98kDa AF042357 Ϋ Z377 myozenin 3 _ _. . T^"AF052497 ~

"neurofibromin 1 (neurofibromatosis, von NF1 Recklinghausen disease, Watson disease)" : D12625

Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp564O0122 (from I clone DKFZp564p i 22) j AL049?51_ "proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, i ^{" "}

PSMC2 ATPase, 2" ^! D11094

"protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), catalytic subunit, PPP3CB beta isoform (calcineurin A beta)" ¹ M29551 "integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein lib of llb/llla

ITGA2B j complex, antigen CD41 B)" _, M34480 fGFIδ ' fibrqblast growth factor 18 _ J AF075292

PYCR1 ; pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 , M77836

EIF4B eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B i X55733

KIAA0806 KIAA0806 gene product R93981

"Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ31348 fis, clone ϊ ' MESAN2q00026" ¹ AI970189 } AC002073

MGC5576 hypothetical protein MGC5576 ^rW27939

"ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2E 1 (UBC4/5 homolog,

UBE2E1 yeast)" AI039880 , JJAZ1 joined to JAZF1 D63881

PMS1 postmeiotic segregation increased 1 (S.

PMS1 cerevisiae) ^• U13695 ! KIAA0240 ^■ KIAA0240 protein _ I D87077 ^' TBCD ; tubulin-specific chaperone d AJ006417 , NUP214 ^{" '} nucleoporin 214kDa l^'X64228 ^{" ~}

FOSL2 j FOS-like antigen 2 , X16706

"platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform lb,

PAFAH1 B1 _ alpha subunit 45kDa" L25107 , "proteasome (prosome, macropain) subunit, alpha type, PSMA1 ; 1" . M64992 •_έ _Ts .. ^' AI184710

I "apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic

APOBEC3B ; polypeptide-like 3B" , AL022318 : U18671 H41 , hypothetical protein H41 : H15872

HG4582- HT4987

ORC1 L "origin recognition complex, subunit 1- ke (yeast)'__ U40152

^"XDH^" xanthene dehydrogenase __ ] U39487

Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp434M162 (from clone DKFZp434M162) I W72239

FUBP3 far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 3 ] U69127 ^"_

"inhibitor of DNA binding 1 , dominant negative helix-ioop-

ID1 helix protein" ! S78825

KIAA0637 KIAA0637 gene product : AB014537^" CLTB ^{" "} "clathrin, light polypeptide (Lcb)" ; M20470^" KIAA1094_^" KIAA1094 protein I AB029017 RAB1 A.^" 1 "RAB1 A, member RAS oncogene family" _ , M28209^~"

"excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair

ERCC6 deficiency, complementation group 6" _ _ _ L04791

MYT1 myelin transcription factor 1 _ i AB028973

_MGC^"l047J_ hypothetical protein MGC10471 _ _ _ . _ ! X13956 ^"cΪ20rf8^~~ chromosome 12 open reading frame 8 ! X94910 MSL3L1 male-specific lethal 3-like 1 (Drosophila) AL050178 likely orthoiog of mouse variant polyadenylation protein

CSTF2T CSTF-64 AB014589 GS3955 GS3955 protein D87119

U14573

MTA1 metastasis associated 1 U351.13

FLJ20619 hypothetical protein FLJ20619 _ AL049431

DNAJC7 "Dnai(Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 7" W28595

TFRC "transferrin receptor (p90, CD71)" X01060

K1AA 218 KIAA0218 gene product D86972

KIAA1089 KIAA1089 protein AB029012

FCGR2A "Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity lla, receptor for (CD32)" M31932

CSNK1A1 "casein kinase 1 , alpha 1" L37042

HPS1 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 1 U65676

ACK1 activated p21cdc42Hs kinase__ L13738

MAP-1 modulator of apoptosis 1 AI670788

"DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 9 (RNA

DDX9 helicase A, nuclear DNA helicase II; leukophysin)" L13848_

FAM8A1 "family with sequence similarity 8, member A1" AL050128

PRO2730 hypothetical protein PRO2730 AL045811

Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp586H201 (from clone DKFZp586H201) AL049430

KIAA0146 KIAA0146 protein __ D63480 NUDEL ^" LISJ -interacting protein NUDEL; endooligopeptidase A _ AF038203

ARC ^" activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein D87468_^

HMBS hydroxymethylbilane synthase ^~M95623 TRA1 tumor rejection antigen (gp96) 1 X15187 U12471

DAP death-associated protein X76105

RYBP ^"" RING1 and YY1 binding protein AL049940

RGS19 reguiator of G_:protein signalling 19 X91809 ^" BMP10 bone morphogenetic protein 10 AF101441

KIAA0492 KIAA0492 protein AB007961 ^"

URKLl ^{" " "} uridine kinase-like 1 AI249721 ^" [

SFRS2 "splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 2" X75755 AP.NS1 . "calpain, smaH subunit 1" ' XQ4106

C1orf8 chromosome 1 open reading frame 8 _ ' Z78368 _

UBE3B _ _ ubiquitin protein Ijgase i AI749193 ^" E2F3.^" E2F transcription factor 3 _ ^; D38550

I ^J0⁴4?3

USP1 ubiquitin specific protease 1 ! AB014458 TNRC15 ^" trinucleotide repeat containing 15 | AB014542 IL5RA "interleukin 5 receptor, alpha" j M75914 ! X03453

RHEB2 Ras homolog enriched in brain 2 i D78132 LSM6 Sm protein F _ . .. _ _ _ _ AA917945 TBX5 T-box 5 . . ^" 7 ^{" "} . Y09445

Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp451N147 (from clone DKFZp451 N147) AA534868

ARSE arylsulfatase E (chondrodysplasia punctate 1) X83573 LCP1 lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (L-plastin) J02923 CSF1 colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage) M37435 DHCR7 7-dehydrqcholesterql reductase ._ ; AF034544

Recent technical developments have now facilitated the analysis of large numbers of genes by means of the use of high density microarrays or "chips". Each location on such a chip contains a sequence related to a specific sequence, such that when a signal (such as a visual color, produced by the use of suitable colored conjugate) is present, it can be readily related to the binding of sequences specific for a particular gene, the identity of which is determined by the position of the signal in the array. Suitable computer programs may then be used to analyze and present (in graphical and/or tabular form) the data extracted from the microarray signals. In addition to providing information relating to the expression of specific genes, high density microarrays may also be used to generate "fingerprints" which are characteristic of, for example, a particular disease, treatment response or (as in the case of the invention disclosed herein) prognostic group. The fingerprint thus obtained may be subjected to analysis by any of a number of statistical techniques (including cluster analysis, as described in the illustrative example, hereinbelow) , in order to assign said fingerprint to a discrete results group. The results group may be one of a binary pair (such as the good prognosis/poor prognosis pair of the present invention) , or it may be one of a more complex series of groups (such as in the case of the differential diagnosis of several pathological possibilities . )

Suitable high density microarrays may either be purchased "off-the-shelf", pre-loaded with an array of oligonucleotide sequences (for example the Genechip Human Genome arrays produced by Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) , or alternatively may be custom-produced such that they bear a subset of the total genome, wherein said subset is relevant for the desired diagnostic, prognostic or drug discovery application of the microarray. Many different materials and techniques may be used in the construction of high density microarrays, the details of which appear in many publications including US 6,344,316, which is in its entirety incorporated herein by reference.

The techniques used to obtain, purify and hybridize RNA and other nucleic acids are varied and well known to all skilled artisans in the field. Details of many such suitable techniques are to be found in standard reference works such as the book "Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual" by Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. & Maniatis, T., Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2^nd ed., 1989 (and all later editions), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In addition, Methods of isolating total mRNA are described in detail in Chapter 3 of Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Hybridization with Nucleic Acid Probes, Part I. Theory and Nucleic Acid Preparation, P. Tijssen, ed. Elsevier, N.Y. (1993). More specific information related to the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques may be gleaned from "Innis et al . eds., PCR Protocols : A guide to method and applica tions" , which is incorporated herein by reference.

Following isolation of the nucleic acids sequences and their purification and hybridization to a suitable high density chip, binding is determined by means of a suitable detection method. In a preferred embodiment, the hybridized nucleic acids are detected by detecting one or more labels attached to the sample nucleic acids. The labels may be incorporated by any of a number of means well known to those of skill in the art. Labels may be introduced either during the course of the synthesis of the nucleic acid sequences (e.g. during a PCR reaction) or as a discrete post-synthetic step. Detectable labels suitable for use in the present invention include any composition detectable by spectroscopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical, electrical, • optical or chemical means. Particularly preferred are labels such as biotin for staining with labeled streptavidin conjugate, magnetic beads (e.g., Dynabeads .TM. ) , fluorescent dyes (e.g., fluorescein, texas red, rhodamine, green fluorescent protein, and the like (obtainable from Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oregon, USA) . However, other label types, including radiolabels and enzymes may also be usefully employed.

Several different types of microarray may be used or produced in order to work the present invention. Thus, a variety of different substrate types, including (but not limited to) metal oxides, nylon, ceramic material and glasses may be used to construct the microarray. In a commonly-used configuration, the microarray is constructed such it has a surface area less than 6.25 cm², preferably in the range of about 1.6 cm² to 6.25 cm². Details of the construction of microarrays suitable for use in the present invention are now well known in the art, and may be obtained from a variety of publications including the aforementioned US 6,344,316, US 6,232,068 and US 5,510,270, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

The following example is provided for illustrative purposes and in order to more particularly explain and describe the present invention. The present invention, however, is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed in the example. Example 1

Prognosis determination by means of genetic profiling of tumor material obtained from ES patients

Methods

Patient samples

Fourteen primary tumor specimens and six metastases were obtained from 18 ES patients with non-metastatic disease. In the case of one patient, both primary and recurrent tumors were analyzed (SA37 and SA43) , and two metastases were taken from another patient, six years apart (SA45 and SA46) . All patients were admitted to the Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department at Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. Informed consent was obtained from the patients or their guardians, and the local and National Ethics Committees approved the research project. All patients were treated with a combination of aggressive chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Median age at diagnosis was 15 years (range 7-27) . Five patients were females and 13 were males. Response to therapy was defined by histopathological response and assessed by percentage of tumor necrosis at the time of surgery (limb salvage procedure) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Median follow up was 72.5 months (range 7- 171) . Tumors were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after surgery and stored at -80 °C until use. Microarray hybridization

Ten μg of total RNA was extracted from each tumor using Tri Reagent (Molecular Research Center, Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio) . Double stranded cDNA was generated from lOug of total RNA using the Superscript Choice System from Gibco Brl (Rockville, MD, USA), using an oligo(dT)₂ primer containing a T7 promoter site at the 3' end (Genset, La Jolla, CA) . cDNAs were purified via a phenol-chloroform extraction followed by an ethanol precipitation. Purified cDNA was used as template for In vitro transcription (IVT), which was performed with T7 RNA polymerase and biotin-labeled ribonucleotides, using the ENZO BioArray High Yield RNA Transcript Labeling Kit (Enzo Diagnostics, New York, NY) . Labeled in vitro transcripts were purified over RNeasy mini columns (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to manufacturer' s instructions. The labeled cRNA was fragmented at 94 °C for 35 min in fragmentation buffer (40 mM Tris-acetate, pH 8.1/100 mM potassium acetate, 30 mM magnesium acetate), and a hybridization mix was generated by addition of herring sperm DNA (0.1 mg/ml) , acetylated BSA (0.5 mg/ l, Invitrogen) , sodium chloride (1 M) , Tris-acetate (10 mM) , and Tween-20 (0.0001%). A mixture of four control bacterial and phage cRNA (1.5 pM BioB, 5 pM BioC, 25 pM BioD, and 100 pM Cre) was included to serve as an internal control for hybridization efficiency.

Aliquots of each sample (12 μg cRNA in 200 μl hybridization mix) were hybridized to a Genechip Human Genome U95Av2 array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) . After hybridization, each array was washed according to procedures developed by the manufacturer (Affymetrix) , and stained with streptavidin-phycoerythrin conjugate (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) . The hybridization signal was amplified by using biotinylated anti-streptavidin antibodies (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) , followed by restaining with streptavidin phycoerythrin. Arrays were scanned by the GeneArray scanner G2500A (Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA) , and scanned images were visually inspected for hybridization imperfections. Arrays were analyzed using Genechip 4.1 software (Affymetrix) . The expression value for each gene was determined by calculating the average differences of the probe pairs in use for that gene. Two samples were analyzed in duplicate and results were reproducible .

Data analysis :

Normalization and filtering

The microarray results were analyzed using the GeneSpring

Software^®. Normalization was performed by setting expression values lower than zero to zero and than each measurement was divided by the median of all measurements in that sample .

In order to filter out genes that are not expressed in any of the groups, Affymetrix absolute call (MAS 4.0: P, M - expressed genes, A - not expressed) was used. Genes that were expressed in one group were defined as genes expressed in at least 3 samples. Selecting for differentially expressed genes

A Student's t-test was applied for each gene, and genes with an adjusted P-value less then 0.01 were selected as differentially expressed genes. P-values were corrected to reduce false positive using Benja ini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate [Benjamini, Y. et al. J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B., 57, 289-300 (1995) ] .

Hierarchical clustering

Divisive hierarchical clustering [Everitt, B.S. Cluster analysis. 3^rd edition, 62-65 (Arnold, London, 1993)] was performed as described by Eiesen et al. [Eisen, M.B. et al. Proc . Na tl . Acad. Sci . USA 95, 14863-14868 (1998], using centered correlation as the measurement distance.

Progression free survival analysis

Kaplan-Meier progression free survival analysis, using the log rank test, was performed in order to correlate the microarray classification results with patients' clinical outcome .

Quantitative Real Time PCR (RQ-PCR)

The microarray derived expression data was evaluated for the cadherin-11 and MTAl genes using quantitative PCR by the LightCycler system (Roche Diagnostics, Manheim, Germany) . cDNA was prepared using the Reverse Transcription System (Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin) and purified with GFX PCR DNA and Gel Band Purification kit (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, New Jersey) . 5 μl was amplified in a 20 μl reaction containing 4 M MgCL₂, 5 μM of each primer and LightCycler - FastStart DNA Master SYBR Green I mix (Roche Diagnostics) .

Cadherin-11 primers: sense 5' -AGAGGCCTACATTCTGAACG-3' and antisense 5' -TTCTTTCTTTTGCCTTCTCAGG-3' . MTAl primers: sense 5' -AGCTACGAGCAGCACAACGGGGT-3' and antisense 5' -CACGCTTGGTTTCCGAGGAT-3' .

All examinations were performed in duplicate and data analysis was done using the LightCycler Software.

Results

The study included 14 tumor samples from localized ES patients. The gene expression profile of 7 tumors from patients who had progressed between 5 months up to 5 years from diagnosis (defined as High Risk - HR) was compared with 7 tumors from patients who were disease free for a long period of follow up (median 92 months; range 66-171) (defined as Low Risk - LR) .

In brief, RNA was isolated from each tumor and hybridized to Affymetrix oligonucleotide high-density arrays U95Av2. A subset of genes that distinguish between the two groups (HR and LR) by two steps was identified. Firstly, 8098 genes that were expressed in one of the groups, in at least 3 samples, were selected. Subsequently, 818 genes differentially expressed in either the HR or the LR groups (t-test; P<0.01) were studied. These 818 most significant genes are listed in Table 1, hereinabove.

In order to control false positive results as a consequence of multiple comparisons, the P values were adjusted using the False Discovery Rate (FDR) method [Everitt, B.S. Cluster analysis. 3^rd edition, 62-65 (Arnold, London, Benjamin, Y. et al . , J. Roy. Stat. Soc. B, 57, 289 - 300 (1995) ] .

Using hierarchical clustering, based on the 818 genes, for prognosis profile, two distinct clusters could be determined: poor and good prognosis signatures (Fig. la). All of the seven HR and six out of the seven LR patients

(86%) were classified as poor and good prognosis signatures, respectively (Table 2) . One clinically LR patient who was disease free for a long period of follow up

(97 months), was classified in the poor prognosis signature group. Each one of the 818 genes is sufficient for the prediction of prognosis.

Table 2: Clinical data, disease course and results of molecular cl assif ication

Sample Age Primary Response Relapse Outcome Microarray

(years) Site to therapy (months) (months) classification

% necrosis prognosis group

High Risk

SA3 21 Pelvis <90% Local (5) EX (7) Poor

SA37 7 Cranium N.D Local (29) EX (44) Poor

SA38 17 Pelvis <90% Local (10) EX (18) Poor

SA47 20 Pelvis >90% Cranium (61) AWD (76) Poor

SA75 18 Pelvis <90% Local (27) EX (49) Poor

SA78 24 Femur <90% Lung (47) EX (65) Poor

SA79 12 Pelvis >90% Bone (41) EX (60) Poor

Low Risk

SA2 15 Pelvis >90% - NED (103) Poor

SA4 14 Chest N.D - NED (92) Good

SA5 13 Radius <90% - NED (66) Good

SA9 13 Tibia >90% NED (168) Good

SA80 15 Pelvis >90% - NED (81) Good

SA81 14 Pelvis >90% - NED (82) Good

SA82 11 Tibia >90% NED (173) Good

Metastases

SA43 7 Cranium N.D Local (29) EX (44) Poor

SA44 27 Femur >90% Lung (61) NED (91) Good

SA45 16 Femur <90% Brain (128) AWD (151) Poor

SA46 16 Femur <90% Lung (67) AWD (151) Poor

SA76 20 Pelvis <90% Lung (24) EX (44) Poor

SA77 8 Pelvis <90% Local (37) EX (104) Good

EX=Expired; NED=No Evidence of Disease; AWD= Alive With Disease Numbers in brackets=time from diagnosis; N. D=not done

Kaplan-Meier life table analysis indicated that the patients predicted to have a good prognosis signature had a significantly improved progression free survival (PFS) compared with those predicted to have a- poor prognosis signature (Fig. lb, P=0.002). Additionally, the genes were reordered into 2 major clusters that were divided into 6 sub-clusters, by performing hierarchical clustering of all signature genes (Fig. l c) . The two major groups correspond to (i) over- expressed in the poor prognosis group and down-regulated in the good prognosis group, and (ii) vice versa. The six sub- clusters correspond to the variability of genes among the patients with poor or good prognosis signatures, which was more considerable in the poor prognosis group. Genes that were over-expressed in the poor prognosis patients include known markers of ES like EWS breakpoint region 1 and beta 2 microglobulin, genes regulating the cell cycle like CDK2, E2F, RAF and MAPKs, and genes associated with invasion and metastasis like cadherin-11 and MTAl. The last two belong to subclusters 5 and 6, genes which were homogeneously expressed in all patients. Down-regulated genes in the poor prognosis patients, included tumor suppressor genes like FHIT and LLGLl, genes inducing apoptosis like TNFRSF12, TGFB1, CASP10 and TP63 and inhibitors of angiogenesis like IFIT1 and IRF2.

Two genes that were significantly over expressed in the poor prognosis signature group (p<0.01) are of particular interest; both are associated with invasion and metastasis. The first one is cadherinll (OB-cadherin) , a homophilic calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule, and the second is MTAl, tumor metastasis-associated gene. Cadherins modulate calcium ion-dependent cell-cell adhesion and are important in cell aggregation, migration and sorting. Defective cell- cell and cell-matrix adhesion are among the hallmarks of cancer. Disruption of the cadherin-catenin complex has been demonstrated in carcinomas arising in several tissues including prostate, gastric and breast carcinomas, and has been correlated with various pathologic and clinical features, such as tumor differentiation, proliferation and a poor patient prognosis.

The MTAl gene is a novel, highly conserved gene that encodes a nuclear protein product. Examination of the MTAl protein suggests that it is a histone deacetylase and may serve multiple functions in cellular signaling, chromosome remodeling and transcription processes that are important in the progression, invasion and growth of metastatic cells. The gene has been found to be over-expressed in a variety of human cell lines (breast, ovarian, lung, gastric and colorectal) and cancerous tissues (breast, esophageal, colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer) .

To validate the microarray data, these two over-expressed genes were analyzed in further detail using reverse transcriptase - quantitative Real Time PCR (RQ-PCR) . Microarray-based expression and RQ-PCR based expression data correlated significantly (Fig. 2a and b) . The mean log expression value of the poor prognosis signature group is significantly higher than that of the good prognosis signature group for both genes, cadherin-11 and MTAl, P-0.024 and P=0.003, respectively. Six metastases from localized patients who progressed were further tested, using the unsupervised learning methodology, whether the poor and good prognosis signature set of genes can classify metastatic tissues to one of the prognostic groups, or as a distinct group.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been described for the purpose of illustration, it will be understood that the invention may be carried out in practice by skilled persons with many modifications, variations and adaptations, without departing from its spirit or exceeding the scope of the claims.

Claims

Claiπts

1. A method for assessing the prognosis of Ewing's Sarcoma (ES) patients comprising determining the expression pattern of a defined set of genes in tumor material obtained from said patients, and assigning said expression pattern to either a good prognosis or poor prognosis group.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the expression pattern of the aforementioned defined set of genes is determined by means of a technique selected from the group consisting of nucleic acid hybridization, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, quantitative real time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and ELISA.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the expression pattern of the aforementioned defined set of genes is determined by means of a nucleic acid hybridization technique .

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the nucleic acid hybridization technique comprises the steps of extracting total RNA from the ES-patient tumor material, generating double-stranded cDNA from said total RNA, performing in vitro transcription of said cDNA, labeling the RNA transcript obtained thereby, hybridization of said RNA transcript to a solid-state human genome microarray.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the assignment of the gene expression pattern to one of the good or poor prognosis groups is performed by means of a hierarchical clustering technique.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the defined set of genes comprises genes selected from a group of 818 genes listed in Table 1, hereinabove.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the defined set of genes consists of between 1 and 100 genes selected from the group of 818 genes.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the defined set of genes consists of between 101 and 200 genes selected from the group of 818 genes.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the defined set of genes consists of between 201 and 300 genes selected from the group of 818 genes.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the defined set of genes consists of between 301 and 400 genes selected from the group of 818 genes.

11. The method according to claim 6, wherein the defined set of genes consists of between 401 and 500 genes selected from the group of 818 genes.

12. The method according to claim 6, wherein the defined set of genes consists of between 501 and 600 genes selected from the group of 818 genes.

13. The method according to claim 6, wherein the defined set of genes consists of between 601 and 700 genes selected from the group of 818 genes.

14. The method according to claim 6, wherein the defined set of genes consists of between 701 and 818 genes selected from the group of 818 genes.

15. A solid-state nucleic acid microarray comprising at least two nucleic acids affixed to a substrate, wherein each of said at least two nucleic acids consists of a partial sequence of one of the genes present in the group of 818 genes listed in Table 1, hereinabove.

16. The solid-state nucleic acid microarray according to claim 15 comprising 818 nucleic acid sequences, wherein each of said sequences consists of a partial sequence of one of the 818 genes listed in Table 1, hereinabove.

17. The solid-state nucleic acid microarray according to claim 15 further comprising one or more control nucleic acid sequences.

18. A kit comprising a solid-state nucleic acid microarray according to claim 15, together with an instruction sheet.