WO2005000861A1 - 糖鎖の合成方法 - Google Patents
糖鎖の合成方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005000861A1 WO2005000861A1 PCT/JP2004/009523 JP2004009523W WO2005000861A1 WO 2005000861 A1 WO2005000861 A1 WO 2005000861A1 JP 2004009523 W JP2004009523 W JP 2004009523W WO 2005000861 A1 WO2005000861 A1 WO 2005000861A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- solid
- phenyl
- group
- sugar chain
- Prior art date
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- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenecarboxaldehyde Natural products O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004604 benzisothiazolyl group Chemical group S1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RBGLVWCAGPITBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)tin Chemical compound [Sn+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F RBGLVWCAGPITBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005997 bromomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000490 cinnamyl group Chemical group C(C=CC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125807 compound 37 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125873 compound 60b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XCSQXCKDEVRTHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CCC=CC1 XCSQXCKDEVRTHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007876 drug discovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005745 ethoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CEIPQQODRKXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-(6-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-indazole-5-carboximidate dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(C3=NNC4=CC=C(C=C43)C(=N)OCC)=CC=C21 CEIPQQODRKXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC.CCOC(C)=O OAYLNYINCPYISS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002446 fucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O1)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002256 galaktoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003029 glycosylic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000045442 glycosyltransferase activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700014210 glycosyltransferase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008105 immune reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002523 lectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000311 mannosyl group Chemical group C1([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZBELDPMWYXDLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 9-(4-bromo-2-fluoroanilino)-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazoline-2-carboximidate Chemical compound C12=C3SC(C(=N)OC)=NC3=CC=C2N=CN=C1NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1F ZBELDPMWYXDLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004092 methylthiomethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])SC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular hydrogen;sodium Chemical class [Na].[H][H] XONPDZSGENTBNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCJPFFFFHFGDJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylformamide;methanol;oxolane Chemical compound OC.CN(C)C=O.C1CCOC1 XCJPFFFFHFGDJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001668 nucleic acid synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000006505 p-cyanobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C#N)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006503 p-nitrobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSDQIHATCCOMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)carbamate Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC(NC(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 WSDQIHATCCOMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CFZKDDTWZYUZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N picoline N-oxide Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=[N+]1[O-] CFZKDDTWZYUZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000711 polarimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007867 post-reaction treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJRCEJOSASVSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)S KJRCEJOSASVSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006476 reductive cyclization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003335 steric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LXAWHMFHGHNIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS LXAWHMFHGHNIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethyl chloride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003741 xylose derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/20—Carbocyclic rings
- C07H15/203—Monocyclic carbocyclic rings other than cyclohexane rings; Bicyclic carbocyclic ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
- C07H15/04—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/18—Acyclic radicals, substituted by carbocyclic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- C07H3/06—Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages
Definitions
- Boons et al. A synthetic method using the double bond isomerization of aryluvul for the synthesis of sugar chains was used to synthesize a trisaccharide library by Boons et al., Demonstrating the potential for the future.
- a solution reaction was used, and a library in which the sugar binding position was determined by the sprit and mix method was successfully obtained (Boons, G. -J., Heskamp, ⁇ ⁇ , Hout, F. (1996). Engl. 35, 2845-2847) 0 Boons et al.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently chemically synthesizing biomolecules represented by nucleotides (nucleic acids), peptides (proteins), and sugar chains.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method which is the basis of a sugar chain synthesis apparatus without a commercially available synthesis apparatus.
- the present inventors have diligently studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, and firstly, synthesize various types of monosaccharide units capable of synthesizing sugar chains and further improving the efficiency of combinatorial chemistry of sugar chains. did. Next, focusing on controlling the temperature rise rate of the reaction system when performing solid-phase sugar chain synthesis in which multiple types of sugar chains are synthesized using multiple types of synthesized monosaccharide units, It was found that sugar chains can be efficiently synthesized by changing the temperature in accordance with the rate of temperature increase determined using the reduction of side reactions in the reaction system as an index. Furthermore, the present inventors have found that stirring in the solid-phase synthesis of biomolecules such as sugar chains, etc. It has been found that solid-phase synthesis of sugar chains can be performed efficiently by performing a reaction controlled by diffusion without using this process. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
- a sugar chain solid phase synthesis method for synthesizing a plurality of types of sugar chains in at least one or more types of sugar chain synthesis reaction systems including a plurality of types of monosaccharide units
- the temperature of the sugar chain synthesis reaction system is controlled by the reaction system
- a method for solid-phase synthesis of a sugar chain characterized in that the sugar chain is changed in accordance with a heating rate determined using an index to reduce side reactions in the sugar chain.
- L represents a linker one
- O represents an oxygen atom of the non-reducing end monosaccharide
- a 1 is a single hydroxyl group which does not participate in the reaction are protected by protecting group X represents a sugar skeleton, and X represents a leaving group that is stable under the conditions for activating the leaving group Y.
- a 2 represents a monosaccharide skeleton in which a hydroxyl group not involved in exchange is protected with a protecting group
- Y represents a leaving group that is stable under the conditions for activating the leaving group X.
- a 3 represents a monosaccharide skeleton in which a hydroxyl group not involved in the reaction is protected by a protecting group
- X ′ represents a leaving group or a hydroxyl group at position 1 that is stable under the conditions for the activation of the leaving group Y. Represents a group.
- a step of obtaining a saccharide is a step of obtaining a saccharide.
- step (b) a sugar chain in which three sugars are linked is synthesized using a monosaccharide unit of the formula (4) wherein X ′ is a hydroxyl group or a protecting group at position 1.
- X ′ is a hydroxyl group or a protecting group at position 1.
- the leaving group X is one of a phenylthio group and a fluorine group
- the leaving group Y is a phenylthio group X is the other of the fluorine groups, according to any one of (2) to (5).
- N-phospho succinimido trifluoromethane sulfonic acid N-phospho succinimido trifluoromethane sulfonic acid
- DMTST dimethyl methyl thiosulfonium triflate
- the monosaccharide skeleton represented by A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is a monosaccharide skeleton of three kinds of sugars selected from monosaccharides existing in a living body, according to any one of (2) to (8). Method for solid-phase synthesis of sugar chains.
- (10) monosaccharide backbone indicated by A ⁇ A 2 ⁇ Pi A 3 is a mannose, glucose, galactose, xylylene toast, Darukosamin, galactosamine, a monosaccharide backbone of glucuronic acid, fructose or sialic acid, (2) The method for solid-phase synthesis of a sugar chain according to any one of (1) to (9).
- (18) 3 selected from monosaccharides present in a living body, synthesized by the solid-phase sugar chain synthesis method according to any one of (1) to (10) or the solid-phase reaction method according to (17).
- Monosaccharides present in living organisms are mannose, glucose, galactose,
- reaction section for performing a solid-phase reaction, having an introduction section for injecting or sucking a liquid phase and having a space for containing a solid;
- FIG. 1 shows an outline of the orthogonal method used in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a monosaccharide derivative library used in the present invention.
- Figure 3 shows the pores of the resin beads.
- FIG. 4 shows the solid-phase reaction method according to the conventional method and the diffusion-mixing solid-state reaction method according to the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows a Anoma isomers are two 3.
- Figure 6 shows the glycosylation reaction by activating glycosyl fluoride on the solid phase, from -15 ° C to 10 in 3 hours.
- the results of MALDI-T0FMS analysis when the temperature was raised to C (8.3 ° CZ time) are shown.
- Figure 8 shows that in the glycosylation reaction by activating glycosyl fluoride on the solid phase, the temperature was raised from -15 ° C to 10 ° C in 6 hours (4.2 ° C / hour). The following shows the results of MALDI-T0FMS analysis.
- Figure 11 shows the results of a glycosylation reaction by thioglycoside activation on a solid phase, in which the temperature was raised from -15 ° C to 10 ° C (2.1 ° CZ time) in 12 hours.
- the results of MALDI-T0FMS analysis are shown.
- FIG. 12 shows the results of tracing the glycosylation reaction by swelling the donor-bound resin with the acceptor solution and adding the promoter.
- FIG. 13 shows the results of tracing when the glycosylation reaction was carried out by swelling the donor-bound resin with a mixture of the acceptor and the promoter.
- Figure 14 shows 2,3-di-benzyl-L-fucoviranosyl- (1 ⁇
- Figure 15 shows that 2,3-di- ⁇ benzyl-L-fucoviranosyl- (1 ⁇
- Figure 16 shows 2,3-di-benzyl-L-fucoviranosyl- (1 ⁇
- FIG. 18 shows MALDI-T0FMS of a trisaccharide derivative synthesized on a solid phase.
- FIG. 19 shows MALDI-TOFMS of a trisaccharide derivative synthesized on a solid phase.
- FIG. 20 shows MALDI-T0FMS of a trisaccharide derivative synthesized on a solid phase.
- FIG. 21 shows MALDI-TOFMS of a trisaccharide derivative synthesized on a solid phase.
- FIG. 22 shows MALDI-TOFMS of a trisaccharide derivative synthesized on a solid phase.
- FIG. 23 shows MALDI-TOFMS of a trisaccharide derivative synthesized on a solid phase.
- FIG. 24 shows MALDI-TOFMS of a trisaccharide derivative synthesized on a solid phase.
- FIG. 25 shows MALDI-TOFMS of a trisaccharide derivative synthesized on a solid phase.
- the sugar chain solid phase synthesis method of the present invention is a sugar chain solid phase synthesis method for synthesizing a plurality of types of sugar chains in at least one or more types of sugar chain synthesis reaction systems containing a plurality of types of monosaccharide units.
- the method is characterized in that the temperature of the system is changed in accordance with a heating rate determined using the reduction of side reactions in the reaction system as an index.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on these problems, and as a result, have found that they contain multiple types of monosaccharide units.
- the temperature of these reaction systems should be reduced to reduce side reactions in the reaction system. It was found that if the temperature was changed in accordance with the temperature rise rate determined using as an index, the sugar chain solid-phase synthesis reaction could be performed efficiently without having to consider the optimal reaction temperature for each monosaccharide unit. That is, it was found that by changing the reaction temperature, the monosaccharide units contained in each reaction system reacted at the time when they reached the respective optimum temperatures, and a sugar chain synthesis reaction was performed. Further, as a result of further studies by the present inventors, it is apparent that the sugar chain solid-phase synthesis reaction can be performed more efficiently if the rate of temperature increase is determined as an index to reduce side reactions in the reaction system. Became.
- the sugar chain solid-phase synthesis method of the present invention which has been completed by intensive efforts, efficiently synthesizes various types of sugar chains without having to consider the reaction temperature of the sugar chain solid-phase synthesis reaction, which has been a major problem in the past. It has a great effect that it can be performed.
- the sugar chain synthesis reaction itself performed in the present invention can be carried out by a method known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, the first monosaccharide unit bound to the solid phase is placed in a suitable solvent inert to the reaction. By sequentially adding and reacting a solution containing the second monosaccharide unit, a solution containing the third monosaccharide unit, and, if desired, a solution containing the subsequent monosaccharide unit, these monosaccharide units are respectively added. They can be combined in order.
- the term “sugar chain” simply refers to a chain formed by combining two or more monosaccharides.
- the kind of the plurality of monosaccharide units used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a monosaccharide, but preferably includes a monosaccharide skeleton selected from monosaccharides present in a living body. Particularly preferred monosaccharide skeletons are those of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylitol, darcosamine, galactosamine, glucuronic acid, fructose or sialic acid.
- a plurality of types of sugar chains are synthesized in at least one or more sugar chain synthesis reaction systems by using a plurality of these monosaccharide units.
- the sugar chain synthesis reaction system may be one reaction system or two or more reaction systems.
- one or more monosaccharide units are combined.
- One or more solutions containing a monosaccharide unit are added to one reaction system containing a solid phase, and a sugar chain synthesis reaction is performed to synthesize a sugar chain composed of two monosaccharides.
- one or more solutions containing a monosaccharide unit are added to the reaction system, and the following sugar chain synthesis reaction is performed to synthesize a sugar chain composed of three monosaccharides. .
- a sugar chain having a desired length can be synthesized.
- This reaction product is further divided into halves, and a solution containing a different monosaccharide unit (for example, Z 1 and Z 2) is added to each reaction system, and a sugar chain synthesis reaction is performed to obtain three monosaccharides. Can be synthesized.
- a solution containing a different monosaccharide unit for example, Z 1 and Z 2
- a sugar chain synthesis reaction is performed to obtain three monosaccharides.
- Can be synthesized thereby, in each reaction system, eight kinds of reaction products of all combinations of XI, X2, Yl, ⁇ 2, Zl, ⁇ 2 can be obtained. Since there is no need to separate and purify the target sugar chain after the reaction, the method of performing the reaction in the plurality of reaction systems is preferably used in the present invention. For example, to synthesize eight types of sugar chains as described above, four reaction systems are prepared in advance for the first reaction, and eight reaction systems are prepared in advance for the second reaction. I'll do it.
- One of the features of the present invention is that the temperature of the above-mentioned sugar chain synthesis reaction system is changed in accordance with the temperature increase rate determined using the index of reducing the side reaction in the reaction system as an index. As shown in the examples of the present specification, it was found that when the rate of temperature rise was increased, by-products were generated, and the reaction efficiency of the sugar chain synthesis reaction was reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, the sugar content is determined in accordance with the temperature increase rate determined using as an index that the side reaction in the reaction system is reduced as much as possible. By changing the temperature of the chain synthesis reaction system, an efficient sugar chain synthesis reaction can be performed.
- the side reaction means a reaction that generates a by-product that hinders the reaction efficiency of a desired sugar chain synthesis reaction.
- the by-product includes, for example, an elimination reaction product (elimination product), hydrolysis, and the like. Means things, etc.
- the elimination product is, for example, a glycal or the like generated by an intramolecular reaction in place of a glycosylation reaction which is a target bimolecular reaction. That is, in the present invention, the phrase "to reduce the side reaction as an index" means, for example, "to make the index that the presence or amount of by-products is low enough not to inhibit the target reaction". I do. In particular, it is preferable that the amount of the desorbed substance is sufficiently low.
- reaction efficiency is poor and many unreacted substances remain, it is more preferable to reduce the unreacted substances as an index.
- the presence or amount of by-products can be detected and confirmed by, for example, mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), absorbance measurement, optical rotation measurement, etc. it can.
- the rate of temperature rise and the reaction start temperature are appropriately set depending on the monosaccharide and leaving group used. If the reaction temperature is high, the side reaction tends to proceed, but if the reaction start temperature or the rate of temperature rise is too low, the reaction time will be long.
- the leaving group is a fluorine group or phenyl.
- the monosaccharide unit having a thio group is reacted with another monosaccharide unit having a hydroxyl group under the activation condition of a fluorine group or a phenylthio group.
- the rate of temperature rise is, for example, 8 ° CZ hours or less, preferably 7 ° C / hour or less, and more preferably 5.6 ° CZ hours or less.
- the preferable range of the rate of temperature rise differs depending on the leaving group and the monosaccharide used, and thus may be determined by conducting appropriate confirmation experiments.
- the reaction initiation temperature varies depending on the monosaccharide unit used, but is set according to the most reactive monosaccharide that is likely to cause side reactions among the monosaccharides present in the system, and the temperature is raised from that temperature. Just do it.
- the temperature is 130 ° ( : It can be started from about 15 ° C. In this way, by setting the heating rate and the reaction start temperature suitable for each monosaccharide, the side reaction can be reduced as much as possible, The chain synthesis reaction can be performed with high efficiency.
- Sugar chains are regarded as the third biopolymer after nucleic acids and proteins, and play a very important role in the biological functions of multicellular organisms such as cell differentiation, immunity, canceration, and infectious diseases.
- Chemical synthesis equipment for nucleic acids and proteins has been sold, and it has greatly contributed to the advancement of science. However, chemical synthesis equipment for sugar chains has not been sold and hopes for early development. J., Palmacci, ER, Seeberger, PH (2001) Science, 291: 1523-1527].
- Solid-phase synthesis is the basis of chemical synthesis, and it is necessary to perform elementary reactions and increase the efficiency of the overall process as a pre-stage for instrumentation. In order to achieve this object, the sugar chain solid phase synthesis method of the present invention is very useful.
- the sugar chain synthesis reaction itself can use a known method, and among them, orthogonal methods based on independence of reactivity (mutual selectivity) are preferable.
- the Glycosylic method (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “orthogonal method”) is an optimal method.
- a 2 represents a monosaccharide skeleton in which a hydroxyl group that does not participate in the reaction is protected by a protecting group, and Y represents a leaving group that is stable under the conditions for activating the leaving group X.
- a 3 represents a monosaccharide skeleton in which a hydroxyl group not involved in the reaction is protected with a protecting group
- X ′ represents a leaving group or a hydroxyl group or a protecting group at the 1-position which is stable under the activating condition of the leaving group Y. Represents a group.
- the orthogonal method utilizes the properties of the leaving group of the two types (X and Y described above) that have different activation conditions from each other and are stable under the other activation conditions, as described above. It is a continuous and efficient synthesis method. In this specification, These two types of leaving groups are said to be "orthogonally related.”
- the saccharide of the formula (5) obtained in the step (b) is subjected to the reaction of the step (a), By repeating the reaction (b), a sugar chain having a desired length can be synthesized.
- Solid phase represented by P may be any of those generally used for solid-phase synthesis of sugar chains, and include various resins such as polystyrene resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyether resin, and the like. And porous glass, beads, microchannels (fused silica cavities, microchips, etc.), Sepharose and the like. Each of these has a functional group such as an amino group, a bromomethyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a carboxyl group, etc., which serves as a scaffold for linking a linker, a spacer or the like during solid phase synthesis. Further, those having an appropriate side chain, modification, or the like may be used.
- linker represented by L is a group capable of linking the solid phase to the oxygen atom at the non-reducing end of the monosaccharide under mild conditions that do not affect the product after the synthesis reaction. Any material can be used as long as it can be selectively cut out.
- the solid phase indicated by P The linker indicated by L is more specifically described, for example, in Kanemitsu, T. and Kanie, 0., Combinatorial Chemistry & Hign Througnput screening, 5, 339-360 (2002). Appropriate ones can be selected and used from the solid phase linkers generally used for the sugar chain synthesis reaction described above.
- AA 2 and A 3 each represent a monosaccharide skeleton in which a hydroxyl group not involved in the reaction is protected by a protecting group, and these may be the same or different. Specific examples of the monosaccharide skeleton are as described above.
- the hydroxyl-protecting group is not particularly limited as long as it can protect the hydroxyl group during the sugar chain synthesis reaction, and a hydroxyl-protecting group known to those skilled in the field of organic synthesis can be appropriately used. Specific examples of the hydroxyl-protecting group include the following: No.
- (Ether type) methyl group methoxymethyl group, methylthiomethyl group, benzyloxymethyl group, t-butoxymethyl group, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl group, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxymethyl group, bis (2 —Cross ethoxy) Methyl group, 2 — '(trimethylsilyl) ethoxymethyl group, tetrahydrobilanyl group, 3 —bromotetrahydroviranyl group, tetrahydrothiopyrani group, 4-methoxytetrahydroviranyl group, 4-methoxytetrahydrothiolane Pyranyl group, 4-methoxytetrahydrothiolanyl S, S-dioxide group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, tetrahydrothiofurayl group;
- Methinocarbonate, ethynolecarbonate, 2,2,2-trichloroethynolecarbonate, isobutycarbonate, bi: ⁇ recarbonate, arinolecarbonate, cinnamami / recapone, nitronitrophenol Carbonate, benzinolecarbonate, ⁇ -methoxybenzinorecarbonate, 3,4-dimethoxybenzene / recarbonate, ⁇ -nitrobenzinorecarbonate, ⁇ -nitrobenzinorecarbonate, S-benzylthiocarbonate;
- a benzyl group can be particularly preferably used.
- the leaving group X (and X ') is one of an arylthio group or an arylseleno group or a fluorine group
- the leaving group ⁇ is an arylaryl group or an arylseleno group, or the other of the fluorine groups
- the aryl (Ar) moiety in the arylthio group (-S-Ar) or arylseleno group (-Se-Ar) is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the activation conditions, but is preferably aryl having 6 or more carbon atoms. , Phenyl or naphthalene; and phenyl is most preferred.
- the case of (1) is particularly preferable, in which the activation of the phenylthio group is carried out by N-phospho succinimidyl trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (NI ST f OH) or dimethyl methyl thiol.
- Sulfonium triflate (DM TST) can be used.
- An activator combining NIS and TfOH hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “promoter”) reacts to generate rhododium ions (1+) in the system.
- Other combinations of reagents can also be used as the activator, as long as the combination is activated and can generate odonium ions with high efficiency.
- DMTST can be added as it is as an activator, for example, by adding Me S SMe (dimethyl disulfide) and Me OTf (methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate (methyl triflate)). Can generate DMTST in the system.
- Me S SMe dimethyl disulfide
- Me OTf methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate (methyl triflate)
- Sn (C 10 4) 2 is S n C 1 2 (stannous chloride) ⁇ Pi A gC 10 4 a (perchlorate), S n (OT f) 2 is SnC 1 2 ⁇ Pi Agot f (Silver triflate), Cp 2 Hf. (C 10 4) 2 is C p 2 H f C 1 2 ( hafnocene (II) chloride) ⁇ Phi AgC l O 4, Cp 2 Hf (OT f) 2 is Cp 2 H by adding f C 1 2 and Agot f, is generated in each system can be activated by.
- the sugar chain bound to the solid phase (P) thus synthesized can be obtained by washing the solid phase with an appropriate solvent as necessary and cleaving the solid phase with an appropriate compound such as sodium methoxide. it can.
- X arylthio group
- Y fluorine group
- Sn (C 10 4) 2 the Sn (OT f) 2, C p 2 H f (CI 0 4) 2, or Cp 2 Hf (OT f) 2, etc.
- Sn and Y can be activated in any order.
- synthesis is performed in a direction opposite to that of biosynthesis, and proceeds from a non-reducing end to a reducing end.
- the coupling product already has a leaving group for the next reaction, and thus has an advantage that the shortest number of steps in sugar chain synthesis can be achieved.
- the effectiveness of the above orthogonal method can be further enhanced by applying it to the sugar chain solid phase synthesis method of the present invention. That is, comparing the method of synthesis from the non-reducing end (Method A) with the method of proceeding with synthesis from the reducing end (Method B), in Method B, the functional group (hydroxyl group) derived from the unreacted product in the coupling reaction Must be protected, so one cycle consists of three steps: coupling, cabling, and deprotection. On the other hand, in method A, by-products (hydrolysates and elimination reaction products) accumulate on the solid phase for each coupling reaction, but they do not react under the next coupling reaction conditions, so that cabling is necessary.
- a stereoisomer ( ⁇ /] 3) is generated in a coupling reaction in the synthesis of a sugar chain, but a general synthesis method is to selectively synthesize a target stereoisomer.
- a general synthesis method is to selectively synthesize a target stereoisomer.
- it is necessary to perform stereoselective coupling.
- the presence of a protecting group as a control factor not only doubles the number of required monosaccharide units, but also doubles the number of reaction steps required for the synthesis of such derivatives and can be used to complicate the molecule. It also limits the type of reaction.
- the monosaccharide unit contained in the library include, for example, the sugar chain solid-phase synthesis method of the present invention, particularly, the method combining the orthogonal method. It is desirable that a phenylthio group be used as X, a fluorine group be used as Y, and all hydroxyl groups not participating in the reaction be benzyl groups. Further, since X and Y have an orthogonal relationship, it is desirable to synthesize a more stable thiothioglycoside form and convert it to a fluoride form as needed.
- the protecting group to be used is preferably an alkyl group which does not involve an adjacent group, and most preferably a benzyl group generally used in an organic synthesis reaction. In the case of 2-amino sugars, it is desirable to provide 2-azido sugars using an azide group that does not show adjacent group involvement.
- sialic acid, dalcuronic acid, and fucose which are present only at the non-reducing end except for polysaccharides in human sugar chains, are solid phase. It is sufficient to synthesize a derivative in which only the hydroxyl group at the position to be retained at the position is released.
- monosaccharides that is, glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, dalcosamine, and galactosamine
- derivatives in which only the hydroxyl group of each monosaccharide is free can be synthesized.
- the hydroxyl groups of sialic acid, dalcuronic acid and fucose can also be distinguished from each other similarly to other monosaccharide derivatives.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a monosaccharide unit (a phenylthiodalicoside) designed by the present inventors and utilized in the solid-phase synthesis of a sugar chain in combination with the orthogonal method of the present invention.
- the monosaccharide library containing is useful as a monosaccharide library for performing the bran chain solid-phase synthesis method of the present invention described in the above (1).
- the monosaccharide unit shown in Fig. 2 is a monosaccharide unit that is indispensable for constructing a sugar chain and a sugar chain library containing it using a chemical synthesis method for nine types of monosaccharides that constitute the sugar chains present in the living body. It is.
- Gal-2-0H Marzabadi, CH; Spilling, CD. (1993). Org. Chem. 58, 3761-6.
- Gal-3-0H Kanie, 0 .; Ito, Y .; Ogawa, T. (1996) Tetrahedron Lett. 37, 4551-4554.
- Gal-4-0H Greenberg, WA; Priestley, ES; Sears, PS; Alper, PB; Rosenbohm, C .; Hendrix, M .; Hung, S.-C .; Wong, C.-H. (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 6527-6541.
- Gal—6-OH Magaud, D .; Gran jean, C .; Doutheau, A .; Anker, D .; Shevchik, V .; Cotte-Pattat, N .; Robert-Baudouy, J. (1998) Carbohydr. Res. 314, 189-199.
- Glc-2-OH Ennis, SC; Cumpstey, I .; Fairbanks, AJ; Butters, TD; Mackeen, M .; Wormald, MR (2002) Tetrahedron 58, 9403-9411.
- Glc-4-0H Motawia, MS; 01 sen, C. E .; Enevoldsen, K .; Marcuss en, J .; Moeller, B. L. (1995) Carbohydr. Res. 277, 109-23.
- Glc-6-OH Pfaeffli, P.J .; Hixson, S.H .; Anderson, L. (1972) Carbohydr. Res. 231, 195-206.
- GlcN-4-OH Mart in-Lomas, M .; Flores -Mos quer a, M .; Chiara, J.L. (2000) Europ. J. Org. Chem. 1547-1562.
- GlcN-6-OH Takahashi, S .; Kuzuhara, H .; Nakajima, M. (2001) Tetrahedron 57, 6915-6926.
- the present invention further provides a method of performing a solid-phase reaction in a solid pore having a size causing a capillary phenomenon, wherein the reaction is performed in a state where no excess liquid phase exists on the outer surface of the solid. About the method.
- Solid phase synthesis is an essential synthetic technique for the synthesis of polymeric biomolecules such as nucleotides, peptides, sugar chains, and the like. It is also the basis of combinatorial chemistry, which has recently attracted attention as a method for rapidly synthesizing drug-lid compounds.
- the advantage of solid-phase synthesis is that in the ordinary solution reaction, the reaction process required for each reaction step and the subsequent column chromatography operation are replaced with washing operations, thereby simplifying the reaction process and consequently simplifying the reaction process. A reduction in working time is achieved.
- the resin is an inorganic or organic polymer, and the actual reaction site is internal pores (Figure 3).
- the pores provide a large surface area and become a reaction site, but the movement of molecules in these pores is by diffusion.
- the solid-phase synthesis reaction is an extension of the solution reaction in which the resin is swollen in an excess amount of solvent, and the reaction is stirred, shaken, or fed.
- Figure 4 “Conventional method”. For example, one of the reactants is maintained on a solid phase and the other reactant is provided as a solution (liquid phase).
- the amount of the solvent in the liquid phase is excessive with respect to the amount necessary for the resin to swell. Migration by diffusion into the pores is required. Furthermore, the reactants provided as a liquid phase are uniform, and the movement of molecules in the pores is by diffusion, so that external physical forces such as stirring cannot be reached. In the conventional method, it was considered that these reduced the reaction efficiency of the solid-phase reaction. Therefore, the present inventors have concluded that the actual reaction field of the solid-phase reaction is pores, as described above, so that the reaction is considered to be governed by diffusion. Since the diffusion of the reactants into the reaction zone is also governed by the diffusion, an excessive amount of the liquid phase is considered to decrease the reaction efficiency.
- the present inventors have found that in a method of performing a solid-phase reaction in a solid pore having a size that causes a capillary phenomenon, the reaction is carried out in a state where there is no excess liquid on the outer surface of the solid.
- the solid-phase reaction method of the present invention characterized in that the solid-phase reaction was performed, was established.
- the method is further characterized in that the reaction is performed only by diffusion mixing without requiring external force such as stirring and shaking.
- the solid phase reaction by diffusion mixing in the present invention is a principle of the solid phase reaction, and is applicable to any reaction on a solid phase without being limited to a sugar-related reaction.
- the solid-phase reaction method by diffusion mixing described above can be preferably applied to a chemical reaction or a biochemical reaction. Specific examples include a sugar chain synthesis reaction, a peptide synthesis reaction, a nucleic acid synthesis reaction, a synthesis reaction of analogs and complexes thereof, an organic chemical synthesis reaction, an enzyme reaction, and the like, and more preferably a sugar chain synthesis reaction. And particularly preferably to the sugar chain solid phase synthesis reaction of the present invention described in the above (1).
- a reaction in which a first monosaccharide bonded to a solid phase is reacted with a second monosaccharide to bind the first monosaccharide is carried out by adding a liquid phase containing the second monosaccharide to the bound solid phase and reacting with the solid phase.
- the first substance involved in the reaction is previously bound to the solid phase, and the second substance to be reacted therewith is placed on the solid phase.
- the reaction may be performed by adding a liquid phase containing the mixture.
- the solid used as the solid phase in the present invention may be any solid that has pores sized to cause a capillary phenomenon therein, and can perform the solid phase reaction as described above in the pores. obtain.
- the solid is, for example, when performing a sugar chain solid phase synthesis method, It preferably has some functional group on its surface, and further has a linker capable of binding to a substrate involved in the reaction to this functional group.
- As the functional group linker those described in detail in the sugar chain solid phase synthesis method (1) can be used.
- the solid material those described in detail in the sugar chain solid-phase synthesis method (1) can be used, and specific examples thereof include resin, silica, and glass (porous glass).
- the resin examples include polystyrene, TG (TentaGel (Novabiochem Chido)), PEGA (Aery 1 amide-PEG Co-polymer (Novabiochem)) and the like, and these have appropriate pores inside. It is possible to use the one molded in ⁇ ⁇ . The size of the pores existing inside these may be a size that causes a capillary phenomenon, but an appropriate one may be selected and used in consideration of the reaction, solvent, and the like to be applied.
- the size and shape of the solid may be appropriately selected according to the reaction vessel and apparatus used.
- resin and silica molded into various shapes are commercially available.
- resin beads molded into beads (granular) are preferably used because they are easy to handle.
- the particle size is about 1 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- irregular-shaped ones can also be used.
- Those having various particle diameters and fine pore diameters are commercially available, and those suitable for the intended reaction may be selected and used. An example is shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid having a monolith structure can also be preferably used.
- Monolith is a word that has the meaning of seamless, monolithic, etc., and refers to a continuum composed of a single material with a certain texture.
- the silica skeleton and voids have a continuous structure in one object. Due to such a structure, the monolithic silica has a higher porosity than, for example, those filled with true spherical particles, and has a large number of through-holes due to its continuous structure. Suitable for the method.
- Other materials, such as polystyrene monolith can form a solid having a monolith structure. Such a material also has a shape suitable for the reaction vessel and equipment used. The size can be selected and used in the present invention.
- an object having artificially formed pores can also be used.
- those having a flow path or the like artificially formed to have the same effect as the above-described pores can be used in the same manner.
- a microchannel structure hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a “microchannel”
- a chip provided with these, and the like can be used.
- the microchannel means a channel having a cross-sectional shape in which a micro-mouth effect appears when a liquid is introduced into a channel (flow path), that is, a change in behavior occurs in the liquid.
- these micro-effects those which cause at least a capillary phenomenon are used.
- the appearance of the micro effect depends on the physical properties of the solvent used as the liquid phase, but it is the shortest of the cross-sectional shapes, that is, the shape of the surface perpendicular to the main flow direction of the channel. It is appropriate that the length is usually 5 mm or less, preferably 500 / m or less, more preferably 200 / im or less.
- the lower limit of this length is not particularly limited, as long as it has a function as a microchannel.
- the chip means a member of a portion including the flow channel structure.
- a microchip means a chip having a microchannel structure including the microchannels.
- the size and shape of the chip are not particularly limited, can be arbitrarily set according to the intended use, and can be manufactured by a known method which is known per se.
- the solid used in the present invention is preferably a solid having a large void due to pores present inside the solid, that is, a solid having a high porosity.
- a solid having a high porosity In particular, those having a small pore diameter and a high porosity are preferable.
- the reaction is carried out on the solid surface in the pores. Therefore, if the pore diameter is constant, generally, the higher the porosity and the larger the surface area, the higher the reaction efficiency.
- performing the reaction in a state where no excess liquid phase exists on the outer surface of the liquid does not necessarily mean that there is no liquid phase at all, and it is only necessary to use an excess or excess amount of the liquid phase. Is unnecessary, since the reaction efficiency is reduced. Means that In other words, as long as the desired reaction efficiency is sufficiently achieved, some excess liquid phase may be present, and diffusion without applying external force such as stirring, shaking, and continuous liquid sending. Include all products that can be efficiently reacted only by mixing.
- the liquid phase needs at least a small amount of liquid to fill the pores to such an extent that diffusion in the pores can sufficiently occur. That is, if the amount is too small or too large, the reaction efficiency decreases and the solvent is wasted. Therefore, it is preferable to use a necessary and minimum liquid phase. Theoretically, it is most efficient to carry out the reaction with the maximum liquid volume that just fills the solid pores.
- the maximum liquid volume that the solid pores are likely to fill is, for example, for a solid that does not swell even when a liquid phase is added such as silica beads / silica monolith, the amount of pore pores present in the solid ( Hereinafter, this may be referred to as “void volume”).
- the void amount can be determined by a commonly used measurement method known per se.
- the required liquid volume (hereinafter referred to as the “swelling liquid volume”) is determined by the following method. May be simply determined. For the former solid that does not swell, the amount of voids determined by measurement or calculation may not always match the actual required liquid volume. Is preferred.
- the amount of liquid required to swell the resin can be determined with reference to Table 1 below, Bayer, E. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. (1991) 30, 113. However, it can be easily confirmed experimentally as follows.
- the amount of the solvent at this time may be determined as the amount of the solvent used for the reaction.
- the resin beads are weighed into a suitable experimental container such as a cylinder, and when the solvent is dropped therein, the resin beads gradually swell with the drop.
- excess solvent more than necessary is merely superimposed on the resin bead layer. In this way, the amount of the swelling liquid (that is, the point at which the solvent is filled in the pores and no more swelling) can be easily confirmed experimentally.
- the solid-phase reaction itself is carried out by a commonly used method known per se.
- the reaction is carried out preferably without any external force such as stirring, shaking, continuous liquid feeding, or the like, and preferably standing still.
- the reaction is performed by diffusion mixing. It is preferable to have a temperature control function, a liquid sending function, and the like as needed.
- reaction vessel may be any as long as it can maintain a state in which diffusion mixing and the reaction itself are not hindered and can proceed sufficiently, and the desired reaction, solid phase and liquid phase to be used What is necessary is just to select what is suitable for the above. It is preferable to use a material that can be appropriately sealed for the purpose of preventing drying of the liquid phase. .
- the reaction tank can be configured to be filled with these at an appropriate density.
- a material having a structure capable of adding and recovering a liquid phase is used.
- a structure similar to columns generally used for purification / separation of substances and the like can be mentioned (for example, FIG. 4 “Invention”).
- the solid be accommodated in a reaction tank suitable for the size and shape of the solid.
- the chip when an object having artificially formed pores, for example, a chip having a microchannel structure (microchannel) is used, the chip itself can be used as a reaction tank, The liquid phase only needs to have a structure that allows the liquid phase to flow into the established flow channel (channel) by capillary action and recover the liquid phase after the reaction.
- the flow path of the chip having such a structure can be filled with the solid such as the above-mentioned bead or monolith structure, or the inner wall of the flow path can be coated.
- the solid-phase sugar chain synthesis method according to the above (1) is a method for performing high-efficiency solid-phase synthesis of sugar chains by controlling the rate of temperature rise and changing the temperature of the reaction system.
- the synthesis can be performed more efficiently.
- a sugar chain library is to be constructed by combinatorial chemistry
- a large number of reactions are run simultaneously
- the reaction can be carried out only by allowing the sugar chain solid-phase synthesis method of the above (1) to stand in a small amount of liquid phase (equipment related to stirring, shaking, continuous liquid sending, etc. is unnecessary) It is very suitable to combine this solid-phase reaction method.
- the desired sugar chain can be obtained by washing the thus obtained resin to which the sugar chain is bound with an appropriate solvent as described above and cutting out the sugar chain from the resin.
- the solid-phase reaction method by diffusion mixing it is not necessary to perform physical mixing operations such as stirring and shaking in the solid-phase reaction. That is, the solid-phase reaction is achieved by entrusting the solid-phase reaction to the diffusion of molecules in the resin pores. As a result, the size of the reaction device can be reduced.
- the reaction apparatus for performing the method of the present invention includes (i) a reaction tank, A device consisting of a temperature controller, a dispenser and a gas replacement device, or (ii) a device consisting of a reaction tank, a temperature controller, a flow path converter, and a liquid pump can be used.
- a reactor for performing a solid-phase reaction by diffusion mixing comprising at least the following (1) and (2).
- monosaccharide existing in the living body mannose, glucose, galactose, xylitol, dalcosamine, galactosamine, glucuronic acid, fructose or sialic acid can be preferably used.
- the importance of the glycan library is expected to increase in the future, but its target is a trisaccharide library consisting of a combination of three arbitrarily selected 9 types of monosaccharides that exist in living organisms. Rally is desirable.
- the sugar chain library obtained in this way can be used as a probe for direct function studies, used as a drug lead, or used as a library imitating sugar chains in vivo for screening of drugs, etc. Can also be used.
- sugar chains in a living body are formed by linking 1 to 5 monosaccharides, and it is known that these are involved in complex recognition phenomena such as intercellular recognition in immune reactions and the recognition of viruses and bacteria.
- the library of the present invention comprising a sugar chain composed of all combinations of three types of sugars selected from monosaccharides present in the living body, averages the sugar chains actually present in the living body of the human.
- Useful as a simulated library There are 140,824 combinations of trisaccharides consisting of monosaccharides that exist in the nine kinds of living bodies, but the range covered by the library can be limited.
- TLC is used Merk Art 5715 Silicagel 60 F254, detection UV absorption ⁇ Pi coloring reagent (10% 3 ⁇ 4S0 4 - Etanoru) in KoTsuta.
- Merk Art 7734 Silicagel 60 70-230mesh was used. 3 ⁇ 4 and 13 C-thigh were measured with BUKER ACVANCE 500 using JEOL EX-270, and chemical shift values were expressed as ⁇ values (ppm) with respect to the internal standard (tetramethylsilane).
- MALDI-T0FMAS was measured with Perseptive Voyger TM, and 2,5-dihydrobenzoic acid was used for the matrix.
- FT-IR used H0RIBA FT720.
- Man-2-0H, Man-3-0H, Man-4-0H and Man-6-OH see Kametani, T .; Kawamura, K .; Honda, T. (1987) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 3010-17; Lemanski, G .; Ziegler, T. (2000) Tetrahedron 56, 563-579; Lemanski, G .; Ziegler, T. (2000) Helvetica Chim. Acta 83, 2655-2675; Oshitari, T .; Shibasaki, M .; Yoshiza a, T .; Tomita, M .; Takao, K .; Kobayashi, S.
- Pheninole 4 benzylidene- 1 i-0-p-methoxybenzinole-1 -thio- ⁇ -D-gunoleco viranoside (2)
- the calculation of the yield was determined by performing a cleavage reaction.
- the resin (30.0 mg) was swollen with CH 2 C 12 (0.5 mL) and methanol (0.5 mL), 0.5 M sodium methoxide-methanol (0.1 mL) was added, and the mixture was left at room temperature for 2 hours.
- Amberlite IR 120B + neutralized with suction filtration, concentrated under reduced pressure, and phenyl 2,3-di-benzyl-1-thio- ⁇ -L-fucoviranoside (3.0 mg, 6.9 / imol, 85%) Got.
- DAST (26raL, 0. 19 ⁇ ol), BS (35mg, 0. 19mmol) was dissolved in C 2 H 4 C1 2 (1. 5mL), bound phenylene Lucio resin - L-Fukobiranoshido (300 mg, 35 mg : fuc) and left at -15 ° C for 1 hour, then raised to 0 ° C over 1 hour, and left at 0 ° C for 8 hours.
- the progress of the reaction was determined by taking out a part of the resin, measuring it by IR, adding it to CH 2 C 12 (0.5 mL) and methanol (0.5 mL), and adding 0.5 M sodium methoxide (10 L) dropwise at room temperature.
- Method 1 Method of swelling a resin bound with a donor with a mixture of an acceptor and a promoter
- reaction times of Method 1 and Method 2 can be interpreted as the time required for the second and subsequent reactants to diffuse from the point of addition to the whole by adding the reactants in order. Based on the results of these experiments, it is recommended that all possible reagents should be added to the resin as a single solution, and the resin will saturate due to the nature of the solid-phase reaction that proceeds in the microchannel (pores inside the resin). If it is necessary to avoid mixing only the reactants, they can be added separately.
- This solution portion was added to phenylthio-L-fucoviranoside (169 mg, 20 mg: Fuc) bound to the resin at 0 ° C., and left to stand for 12 hours.
- the progress of the reaction was determined by taking out a part of the resin, measuring it by IR, adding it to CH 2 C 12 (0.5 mL) and methanol (0.5 mL), and adding 0.5 M NaOMe (10 ⁇ L) dropwise for 1 hour at room temperature. It was cut out from the solid phase by leaving it to stand, and this was observed by TLC and MALDI-T0FMS. After completion of the reaction, the resin was washed with CH 2 C 12 , methanol and CH 2 C 12 and dried under reduced pressure.
- Phenyl 2,3,6-tri-0 to benzyl-1-thio- ⁇ -D-glucopyranoside (41.Omg, 0.074mmol) is dissolved in EtCN (0.45mL), MS4A (20mg) is added, and the mixture is placed under a nitrogen stream. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours (Solution A). Separately AgOTf (57. Omg, 0.222 Yuzuru ol), under nitrogen flow was added to MS4A (20 mg) and CH 2 C1 2 (0.45mL), was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, at 0 ° C Cp 2 HfCl 2 ( 42. Omg, 0.1 mmol) and stirred for 5 minutes (Solution B).
- Example 1 nine major monosaccharides (Example 1) constituting an appropriately protected living body are essential for achieving the chemical synthesis of sugar chain riparies. Furthermore, steric control in daricosylation in sugar chain synthesis is a very difficult problem, and it is impossible to control all darikosylic reactions in library synthesis. Therefore, a stereo-nonselective methodology is suitable for the construction of a sugar chain library. For this reason, it is desirable that the 2-position of the protected monosaccharide be a substituent that does not involve adjacent air. In this example, the protected monosaccharide designed in this manner was synthesized as a stable thiodaricoside, and could be converted to glycosyl fluoride as needed.
- a sugar chain library can be synthesized by using such a monosaccharide derivative and reacting in an arbitrary combination.
- An appropriate solid phase synthesis method is required to perform library synthesis, and one of them is a solid phase synthesis method utilizing the solid phase reaction method by diffusion mixing of the present invention (Example 2).
- the reactant is dissolved in a minimum amount of solvent necessary for swelling of the resin, which is a place for solid-phase reaction, and the resin is swelled with this solution, so that the inside of the pores, which is the place for the reaction, is formed. It was shown that the reaction was quickly introduced, and that the reaction proceeded based on the diffusion, so that it was released from the device by physical means such as stirring.
- the orthogonal glycosylation method in the solid phase is a method for achieving the solid-phase synthesis of sugar chains in the shortest process.
- the orthogonal dalicosylation reaction was carried out using the solid phase reaction method by diffusion, which was shown to be useful in Example 2, and good results were obtained.
- the present invention provides a method for efficiently synthesizing a biomolecule represented by a nucleotide, a peptide, or a sugar chain.
- a sugar chain solid phase synthesis method of the present invention capable of performing a solid phase synthesis of a sugar chain with high efficiency by controlling the temperature rise rate and changing the temperature of the reaction system; and a solid phase reaction using a small amount of solvent. Any solid phase reaction method by diffusion that can be performed efficiently is useful for the chemical synthesis of the biomolecule, and is particularly useful for combinatorial chemistry and the like. In addition, it is difficult to control the conventional synthesis, and it is particularly useful for synthesizing sugar chains without a commercially available synthesizer.
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Abstract
Description
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JP2005511152A JP4715513B2 (ja) | 2003-06-30 | 2004-06-29 | 糖鎖の合成方法 |
EP04746992A EP1640379A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2004-06-29 | Method of synthesizing sugar chain |
US11/319,499 US20060166278A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2005-12-29 | Method for synthesizing sugar chain(s) |
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US11/319,499 Continuation US20060166278A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2005-12-29 | Method for synthesizing sugar chain(s) |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4485602B1 (ja) * | 2009-07-28 | 2010-06-23 | 大高酵素株式会社 | β−D−フルクトピラノシル−(2→6)−D−グルコピラノースの製造方法 |
JP2014224055A (ja) * | 2013-05-15 | 2014-12-04 | 国立大学法人群馬大学 | 新規糖供与体及びそれを用いた糖鎖の合成方法 |
US9085937B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2015-07-21 | Craig R. Charlton | Ladder safety device |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH08511234A (ja) * | 1993-02-23 | 1996-11-26 | ザ トラスティーズ オブ プリンストン ユニヴァーシティー | グリコシド結合の溶液及び固相形成 |
WO2002016384A2 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-28 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Apparatus and methods for the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides |
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2004
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- 2004-06-29 WO PCT/JP2004/009523 patent/WO2005000861A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-06-29 EP EP04746992A patent/EP1640379A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2005
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JPH08511234A (ja) * | 1993-02-23 | 1996-11-26 | ザ トラスティーズ オブ プリンストン ユニヴァーシティー | グリコシド結合の溶液及び固相形成 |
WO2002016384A2 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-28 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Apparatus and methods for the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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KANIE O. ET AL: "Orthogonal Glycosylation Strategy in Synthesis of Extended Blood Group B Determinant", TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, vol. 37, 1996, pages 4551 - 4554, XP004029064 * |
TAKAHASHI T. ET AL: "Combinatorial synthesis of trisaccharides via solution-phase one-pot glycosylation", TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, vol. 41, 2000, pages 2599 - 2603, XP004194560 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9085937B2 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2015-07-21 | Craig R. Charlton | Ladder safety device |
JP4485602B1 (ja) * | 2009-07-28 | 2010-06-23 | 大高酵素株式会社 | β−D−フルクトピラノシル−(2→6)−D−グルコピラノースの製造方法 |
JP2011046681A (ja) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-03-10 | Otaka Koso Kk | β−D−フルクトピラノシル−(2→6)−D−グルコピラノースの製造方法 |
JP2014224055A (ja) * | 2013-05-15 | 2014-12-04 | 国立大学法人群馬大学 | 新規糖供与体及びそれを用いた糖鎖の合成方法 |
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US20060166278A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
EP1640379A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
JPWO2005000861A1 (ja) | 2006-08-03 |
JP4715513B2 (ja) | 2011-07-06 |
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