WO2004109974A1 - Configuring a radio network for selective broadcast - Google Patents
Configuring a radio network for selective broadcast Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004109974A1 WO2004109974A1 PCT/IB2004/001906 IB2004001906W WO2004109974A1 WO 2004109974 A1 WO2004109974 A1 WO 2004109974A1 IB 2004001906 W IB2004001906 W IB 2004001906W WO 2004109974 A1 WO2004109974 A1 WO 2004109974A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- message
- radio
- group identifier
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- broadcast
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
- H04L12/2807—Exchanging configuration information on appliance services in a home automation network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
- H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
- H04L12/185—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with management of multicast group membership
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0893—Assignment of logical groups to network elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5069—Address allocation for group communication, multicast communication or broadcast communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
- H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
- H04L12/189—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast in combination with wireless systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
- H04L12/283—Processing of data at an internetworking point of a home automation network
- H04L12/2834—Switching of information between an external network and a home network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2803—Home automation networks
- H04L2012/284—Home automation networks characterised by the type of medium used
- H04L2012/2841—Wireless
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
- H04W4/08—User group management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for configuring a radio network such that devices within the network are able to selectively respond to broadcast messages.
- the present invention has particular, but not exclusive, application to radio frequency devices using the ZigBee radio standard.
- the devices may be employed in a lighting system where timely responses to messages are required.
- the IEEETM and the ZigBee Alliance group of companies are, at the time of writing, standardising a low power, low cost digital radio standard known as ZigBeeTM (IEEE802.15.4) operating at 868MHz, 915MHz or 2.4GHz in the ISM frequency bands.
- the standard makers envisage a wide area of application for ZigBee, from test and control to instrumentation and lighting.
- master-slave or star configurations are employed to form a piconet, and several piconets may co-exist with routing of messages from a source device to a destination device being handled by a network layer in the radio stack of master devices.
- the ZigBee standard allows for "pairing" or "binding" of devices so that, for example, a wall mounted light switch incorporating a ZigBee radio module may be bound with an appropriate lamp incorporating a ZigBee radio module.
- a user operating the light switch causes the radio module of said switch to transmit a radio message which is received by the master or co-ordinator radio device which is co-ordinating a piconet comprising the light switch, several lamps and perhaps other devices.
- the co-ordinator then consults a stored binding table for a device address associated with the address of the light switch.
- the co-ordinator then forwards the message to said bound device (in this example a lamp bound to the switch) which, upon receiving the message, lights up for example.
- the binding or pairing table is created by, in one example, the manual pressing of pushbuttons on switches and lamps whilst in a set-up mode.
- a lighting application in an office or warehouse there may be many tens or hundreds of lamps in a radio controlled lighting network, some or most of which may be ceiling mounted and hence less accessible to an installation engineer.
- Another way of configuring such a network may involve an engineer temporarily associating a laptop or other computer with the network, discovering devices and manually configuring the binding table for the network.
- Such installation may be time consuming, require much planning, and may prove expensive to an end user due to the need for specialist configuration.
- the network layer of the radio devices may employ a routing methodology to route the control message across piconets to the destination device.
- the routing will typically involve many hops in a large network, thereby instilling delay in the delivery of the message.
- data from the binding table set-up at installation is used to generate a group identifier.
- the co-ordinator then issues (unicasts) the group identifier in turn to each identified bound device.
- Messages comprising a group identifier and command or control data in the payload of the message are subsequently broadcast or "flooded" to all devices to decrease latency (since broadcast messages require no two way acknowledgement of receipt).
- all co-ordinator devices respond in typical fashion to the broadcast by rebroadcasting it, those having previously received the group identifier also respond to the control data in the broadcast message.
- the lighting radio network comprises battery powered slave or reduced function light switches, and mains powered master or co-ordinator luminaires (lamps).
- a co-ordinator luminaire upon receiving a message from a light switch in radio range (1-20metres or so), broadcasts the message (i.e. sets the MAC layer destination identifier to OxFFFF) and includes a group identifier for that light switch in the message (i.e. in a Network layer header field an appropriate group identifier is inserted).
- Another co-ordinator luminaire receives the message, notes it is a broadcast, notes the presence and value of any group identifier and then re-broadcasts the message.
- Application layer code in that co-ordinator device/luminaire also checks the received group identifier with a previously stored group identifier, and operates the luminaire by responding to command data in the message only if a match is found.
- the originating co-ordinator since a broadcast message is not acknowledged in the ZigBee scheme, the originating co-ordinator unicasts the message to each bound luminaire following the broadcast. This ensures operation of all intended logically linked and bound recipients of the group in the event that the broadcast was not received by say one of the recipients due to radio frequency interference, or shadowing.
- the broadcast also contains a time-to-live counter, which is decremented by each receiving luminaire.
- a luminaire, receiving the broadcast with a count of 1 does not re-broadcast the message.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of a radio network deployed in a lighting application
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a radio device (L1) applied to a luminaire
- Figure 3 is an example binding table stored by device L1 ,
- Figure 4 is an example radio message issued by L1 .
- Figure 5 is a flow chart embodying a configuration process
- Figure 6 is a flow chart describing a network broadcast process following configuration. It should be noted that the Figures are diagrammatic and not drawn to scale. Relative dimensions and proportions of parts of these Figures have been shown exaggerated or reduced in size, for the sake of clarity and convenience in the drawings. The same reference signs are generally used to refer to corresponding or similar features in modified and different embodiments.
- FIG 1 illustrates part of a ZigBee radio network employed in a building for lighting or luminaire application and control.
- the network employs battery powered radio lamp switches 10 (SW1), (SW2) and mains powered radio luminaires L1 to L10.
- the luminaires each comprise a co-ordinating (or full function) radio device which has a radio range over which messages may be transmitted and received.
- the range would typically cover an area having a radius of 10 to 30 metres or so.
- the radio range for luminaire 20 (L1) is shown in the Figure by dashed line 21 , that of L5 by dashed line 29, that of L6 by dashed line 31 and that of L8 by dashed line 33. Note that for the sake of clarity, the range for only some of the devices L1-L10 is shown in the Figure.
- the schematic diagram of Figure 1 may therefore represent lamps deployed in a large warehouse, some of which (L1, L3 for example) are within radio range of each other.
- lamp device L1 co-ordinates messages from switch device SW1 , whilst switch device SW2 is co-ordinated by device L6.
- L1 and SW1 form a master/slave piconet, as does L6 and SW2.
- the other coordinating devices each form their own respective piconets, with the ZigBee standard enabling co-ordinator to co-ordinator (i.e. cross-piconet) message exchanges.
- a radio message issued by SW1 will be received and acted upon by L1 , which may forward the message to another co-ordinating node device in range (L3 for example).
- FIG 2a illustrates in more detail an example network co-ordinating node L1 in the form of a ZigBee radio module 20 connected to a light bulb 20a.
- Figure 2b shows the radio module 20 part of said luminaire device.
- the module comprises an antenna and transceiver 20d (Tx/Rx) connected to a microcontroller 20c ( ⁇ C) which in turn is connected to a memory store in the form of flash RAM 20b (MEM).
- the memory stores program code comprising a ZigBee radio software stack 22.
- the stack a bottom physical layer (PHYS), followed by a medium access control layer (MAC), followed by a network layer (NWK) and a top application layer (APP).
- PHYS physical layer
- MAC medium access control layer
- NWK network layer
- APP top application layer
- the PHYS and MAC layers are provided with a ZigBee compliant radio module L1-L10, SW1, SW2 whilst the NWK and APP layers may be defined by the developer and installed prior to application at a customer site.
- lighting application code and profiles are provided.
- program code which enables group identification and low latency message transfer to be enacted.
- the table 40 comprises a first column having the switch identifier (SW1) and a second column having a lamp device address to which the switch is bound.
- L1 forwards a radio message to L2 by including a destination address (L2) in said radio message as is well known to those skilled in the art.
- L3 and L4 will "hear" the message and either ignore it or attempt to route it to L2.
- the device L1 upon receiving an acknowledgement message from L2, will then target a message for the next bound device in the table 40, L4 and so on.
- some 3 hops are required for the message to reach L8, and four hops for L9 and five hops for L10.
- an unacceptable delay may occur when compared with strict latency requirements of for example 250ms from instigation (SW1 transmitting a message) to response (all bound lamps illuminate).
- One method by which such a delay may be shortened comprises broadcasting or flooding the original message throughout the network, rather than unicasting the message to each intended recipient.
- This comprises signifying in a radio message that the message is a broadcast.
- This is achieved in ZigBee by setting the destination address in the MAC header field of a message to the value OxFFFF.
- Such broadcasts do not typically require acknowledgement in the ZigBee standard, which helps to reduce latency.
- L1 would broadcast the message from SW1 to those in range, that is L2, L3, L4. Having acted upon the data, those devices then re-broadcast the message.
- the message "floods" through the network.
- the ZigBee radio standard has a process for broadcasting, simply applying that broadcasting process to the network of Figure 1 would turn all lamp devices on (or off, if already on).
- an identifier signifying the group (L2,L4, L8, L9, L10) of devices bound to switch 1 (SW1) is generated by the microcontroller and program code of, in this example, device L1.
- the identifier may simply be a first selected group number, i.e. "0", or may be the actual identifier of the switching device "SW1".
- This group identifier is then transmitted in turn (i.e. unicast) by device L1 to each bound device, which upon receiving the group identifier stores the identifier in memory 20b and acknowledges receipt of the message.
- Figure 4 illustrates the structure of a ZigBee radio message for use with the group identifier.
- the message 50 comprises MAC layer header fields S - start of message, LEN - length of message, FC - frame count and identifier fields 52 DEST - destination (or target) address for message, field 54 SRC - source address (sender) of message. There then follows fields 56 in which a group identifier may be inserted, optional field 58 in which a time-to-live counter may be inserted, and the data field 60 for command or data bytes of the message.
- Figure 5 illustrates process steps taken by device L1 to generate and provide a group identifier to selected recipients.
- the process is initiated by application layer code after an engineer has provided a binding table to a device.
- the microcontroller 20c of device L1 checks for entries in its stored 20b binding table 40 and having found entries then goes onto step 80 where the microcontroller generates a group identifier (G. G.ID).
- the identifier is simply the address entry 'SW1' in the binding table.
- the microcontroller initiates step 90 where a message for each device associated with the group identifier is generated and transmitted.
- a message having in field 52 the destination address 'L2' and in field 56 the group identifier 'SW1' is generated and transmitted by device L
- network layer code in the recipient 'L2' retrieves the group identifier data 'SW1' from field 56 and stores this in memory 20b for future use and acknowledges the message. This is repeated by device L1 for each device in its binding table 40 for which there is an entry.
- a group identifier is unicast to each group member who stores the group identifier.
- the network may then operate the process as described in Figure 6 wherein at step 100 device L1 receives a message from switch SW1 indicating that the user has flicked said switch.
- Device L1 checks its binding table and finding more than one entry bound to switch SW1 initiates a broadcast message (B(M)).
- the co-ordinator L1 indicate the message as a broadcast message by inserting OxFFFF in the destination field 52 of the message. It also inserts the group identifier 'SW1' which is associated with the originator of the message into field 56 of said broadcast message.
- the message is then transmitted over the air by the transceiver 20d of device L1.
- a device in range subsequently receives the broadcast message at step 110 (Rx(M)) and program code in the stack 22 of that receiving device checks whether the message is a broadcast message (B?) at step 120. If it is (signified by the presence of OxFFFF in the appropriate field 52) then the device follows path 130 to step 140 whereby the message is examined for a group identifier in the message field 56. If the message has a group identifier (for example in this case 'SW1') then the device compares that group identifier with its previously stored group identifiers (if any) and if a match is found process flow continues to processing step 150 (PROC). At this step, the device passes the message command data (field 60) to program code of the application layer which causes, for example the lamp to light, and finally the device rebroadcasts the message Re(B(M) at step 160.
- PROC processing step 150
- the message is not a broadcast message, and the destination address in the message is not that of the receiving device, then the message is a unicast message for another device, and the receiving device follows path 125 to block 127 wherein the message is ignored. If at step 140 the message is a broadcast but does not contain a group identifier then flow continues via path 147 wherein the message data is rebroadcast.
- the broadcast mechanism within the ZigBee radio standard may be used, together with binding table data to enable a selective response to a broadcast message.
- This has particular application to low latency applications such as lighting, where a network may be installed over a wide area and wherein a user expects an almost instantaneous response to a message.
- the originator of the broadcast may unicast further messages to each bound device after broadcasting.
- any bound device which did not receive or respond to the broadcast will receive a normal message targeted for it. Whilst this helps to ensure the operation of all intended recipient devices, those devices receiving a unicast will of course operate later in time than those which successfully responded to the broadcast.
- time-to-live counter data may be inserted in the broadcast message by the instigator of the broadcast.
- Devices receiving the broadcast then check for the counter, decrement it by one, compare it with a predetermined threshold (for example COUNT>1?) and broadcast the message depending on said comparison.
- a predetermined threshold for example COUNT>1
- the number of hops for a message may be intentionally limited, thereby effectively restricting the range of a broadcast group message. This helps to keep the air clear of unnecessary radio traffic, and in particular helps in part a broadcast from being rebroadcast repeatedly by a device which does not realise that it has already rebroadcast said message.
- aspects of the present invention whilst described in context of the ZigBee radio standard, may equally enjoy application in other radio standards and application scenarios where network latency in a large network is an issue.
- the broadcasting was described as being instigated from a co-ordinator device. Those skilled in the art will realise that the device instigating the original request (the light switch SW1) may itself issue the broadcast provided it has been supplied with the generated group identifier associated with it and program code for inserting said group identifier into a broadcast message.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/559,217 US20060154598A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-06-04 | Configuring a radio network for selective broadcast |
JP2006516522A JP2006527560A (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-06-04 | Method of constructing wireless network for selective broadcast |
EP04736101A EP1636938A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-06-04 | Configuring a radio network for selective broadcast |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0313473.1 | 2003-06-11 | ||
GBGB0313473.1A GB0313473D0 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2003-06-11 | Configuring a radio network for selective broadcast |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004109974A1 true WO2004109974A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
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ID=27589875
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2004/001906 WO2004109974A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 | 2004-06-04 | Configuring a radio network for selective broadcast |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20060154598A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1636938A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006527560A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20060017637A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1806413A (en) |
GB (1) | GB0313473D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004109974A1 (en) |
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WO2007104210A1 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2007-09-20 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd | A method for managing communication users and communication terminals, a communication system and an apparatus |
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WO2013030765A3 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-05-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Control unit and method for managing multicast groups in a wireless network |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060154598A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
KR20060017637A (en) | 2006-02-24 |
EP1636938A1 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
CN1806413A (en) | 2006-07-19 |
GB0313473D0 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
JP2006527560A (en) | 2006-11-30 |
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