WO2004103306A2 - Immunosuppressant compounds and compositions - Google Patents

Immunosuppressant compounds and compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004103306A2
WO2004103306A2 PCT/US2004/015603 US2004015603W WO2004103306A2 WO 2004103306 A2 WO2004103306 A2 WO 2004103306A2 US 2004015603 W US2004015603 W US 2004015603W WO 2004103306 A2 WO2004103306 A2 WO 2004103306A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ethyl
benzylamino
propionic acid
trifluoromethyl
benzyloxyimino
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/015603
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004103306A3 (en
Inventor
Shifeng Pan
Wenqi Gao
Nathanael S. Gray
Yuan Mi
Yi Fan
Original Assignee
Irm Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=33479305&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2004103306(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to CN2004800132486A priority Critical patent/CN1791395B/en
Priority to BRPI0410741A priority patent/BRPI0410741B8/en
Priority to JP2006533199A priority patent/JP4700616B2/en
Priority to CA2524047A priority patent/CA2524047C/en
Priority to NZ543241A priority patent/NZ543241A/en
Priority to MXPA05012462A priority patent/MXPA05012462A/en
Priority to DK04752597.7T priority patent/DK1633336T3/en
Application filed by Irm Llc filed Critical Irm Llc
Priority to IS8153A priority patent/IS3007B/en
Priority to LTEP04752597.7T priority patent/LT1633336T/en
Priority to KR1020057022058A priority patent/KR101118779B1/en
Priority to ES04752597.7T priority patent/ES2593463T3/en
Priority to AU2004240637A priority patent/AU2004240637A1/en
Priority to SI200432347A priority patent/SI1633336T1/en
Priority to EP04752597.7A priority patent/EP1633336B1/en
Publication of WO2004103306A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004103306A2/en
Publication of WO2004103306A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004103306A3/en
Priority to IL171683A priority patent/IL171683A/en
Priority to TNP2005000294A priority patent/TNSN05294A1/en
Priority to NO20055837A priority patent/NO334457B1/en
Priority to HK06108361.8A priority patent/HK1087929A1/en
Priority to AU2008203087A priority patent/AU2008203087A1/en
Priority to HRP20161156TT priority patent/HRP20161156T1/en
Priority to CY20161100933T priority patent/CY1118299T1/en

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    • A61K31/397—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having four-membered rings, e.g. azetidine
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    • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D295/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by halogen atoms or nitro radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/12—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
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    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
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    • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated

Definitions

  • the invention provides a novel class of immunosuppressant compounds useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocyte interactions, particularly diseases associated with EDG receptor mediated signal transduction.
  • EDG receptors belong to a family of closely related, lipid activated G- protein coupled receptors.
  • EDG-1, EDG-3, EDG-5, EDG-6, and EDG-8 are identified as receptors specific for sphingosine-1 -phosphate (SIP).
  • EDG2, EDG4, and EDG7 are receptors specific for lysophosphatidic (LPA).
  • EDG-1, EDG-3 and EDG-5 are widely expressed in various tissues, whereas the expression of EDG-6 is confined largely to lymphoid tissues and platelets, and that of EDG-8 to the central nervous system.
  • EDG receptors are responsible for signal transduction and are thought to play an important role in cell processes involving cell development, proliferation, maintenance, migration, differentiation, plasticity and apoptosis.
  • Certain EDG receptors are associated with diseases mediated by lymphocyte interactions, for example, in transplantation rejection, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases and cancer.
  • An alteration in EDG receptor activity contributes to the pathology and/or symptomology of these diseases. Accordingly, molecules that themselves alter the activity of EDG receptors are useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment of such diseases.
  • This application relates to compounds selected from Formula la and lb:
  • A is chosen from -C(O)OR 5 , -OP(O)(OR 5 ) 2 , -P(O)(OR 5 ) 2 , -S(O) 2 OR 5 , -
  • W is chosen from a bond, C ⁇ -3 alkylene, C 2- alkenylene;
  • Y is chosen from C 6-10 aryl and C 2-9 heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of Y can be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 radicals chosen from halo, hydroxy, nitro, Ci. 6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, halo-substituted d- ⁇ alkyl and halo-substituted C 1-6 alkoxy; Z is chosen from:
  • Ri is chosen from C 6- ⁇ 0 aryl and C 2-9 heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of Ri is optionally substituted by a radical chosen from C 6- ⁇ oarylC 0-4 alkyl, C 2-9 heteroarylC 0 . 4 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 0-4 alkyl, C . 8 heterocycloalkylC 0-4 alkyl or C ⁇ -6 alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of Ri can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, C ⁇ .
  • any alkyl group of R] can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 - -NR 5 - and -O-; wherein R 5 is chosen from hydrogen or C ⁇ -6 alkyl;
  • R 2 is chosen from hydrogen, C ⁇ -6 alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl and halo substituted C ⁇ -6 alkyl;
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently chosen from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, halo, hydroxy, C ⁇ .
  • a second aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition which contains a compound of Formula la or lb or an N-oxide derivative, individual isomer or mixture of isomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with one or more suitable excipients.
  • a third aspect of the invention is a method for treating a disease in an animal in which alteration of EDG receptor mediated signal transduction can prevent, inhibit or ameliorate the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease, which method comprises administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula la or lb or a N-oxide derivative, individual isomer or mixture of isomers thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention is the use of a compound of Formula la or lb in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease in an animal in which alteration of EDG receptor mediated signal transduction contributes to the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention is a process for preparing compounds of Formula la or lb and the N-oxide derivatives, prodrug derivatives, protected derivatives, individual isomers and mixtures of isomers thereof; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the invention provides compounds that are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocyte interactions. Also provided are methods for treating such diseases or disorders.
  • Alkyl as a group and as a structural element of other groups, for example halo- substituted-alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl and alkylsulfinyl, can be either straight-chained or branched.
  • Alkenyl as a group and as a structural element of other groups contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and can be either straight-chain, or branched. Any double bonds can be in the cis- or trans- configuration.
  • Alkylene and alkenylene are divalent radicals derived from “alkyl” and “alkenyl” groups, respectively.
  • any alkyl group of R 1 can be optionally interrupted by a member of the group selected from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 - -NR 20 - and -O- (wherein R 20 is hydrogen or C ]-6 alkyl).
  • R 20 is hydrogen or C ]-6 alkyl.
  • These groups include -CH 2 -O-CH 2 - -CH 2 -S(O) 2 -CH 2 - - (CH 2 ) 2 -NR 20 -CH 2 - -CH 2 -0-(CH 2 ) 2 -, and the like.
  • Aryl means a monocyclic or fused bicyclic aromatic ring assembly containing six to ten ring carbon atoms.
  • C 6-12 aryl can be phenyl, biphenyl or naphthyl, preferably phenyl.
  • a fused bicyclic ring can be partially saturated, for example, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-naphthalene, and the like.
  • Arylene means a divalent radical derived from an aryl group.
  • arylene as used in this application can be-phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylene and the like.
  • Halo or halogen means F, CI, Br or I, preferably F or CI.
  • Halo-substituted alkyl groups and compounds can be partially halogenated or perhalogenated, whereby in the case of multiple halogenation, the halogen substituents can be identical or different.
  • a preferred perhalogenated alkyl group is for example trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy.
  • Heteroaryl means aryl, as defined in this application, with the addition of at least one heteroatom moiety selected from N, O or S, and each ring is comprised of 5 to 6 ring atoms, unless otherwise stated.
  • C 2 heteroaryl includes oxadiazole, triazole, and the like.
  • C 9 heteroaryl includes quinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline, and the like.
  • C 2- 9 heteroaryl as used in this application includes thienyl, pyridinyl, furanyl, isoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl or benzo[l,3]dioxolyl, preferably thienyl, furanyl or pyridinyl.
  • Heteroarylene means heteroaryl, as defined in this application, provided that the ring assembly comprises a divalent radical.
  • a fused bicyclic heteroaryl ring system can be partially saturated, for example, 2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline, and the like.
  • an EDG-1 selective compound has a specificity that is selective for EDG-1 over EDG-3 and over one or more of EDG-5, EDG-6, and EDG-8.
  • selectivity for one EDG receptor means that the compound has a much higher potency in inducing activities mediated by the selective EDG receptor (e.g., EDG-1) than that for the non-selective SlP-specific EDG receptor.
  • an EDG-1 selective compound typically has an EC50 (effective concentration that causes 50% of the maximum response) for a selective receptor (EDG-1) that is at least 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500, or 1000 fold lower than its EC50 for a non-selective receptor (e.g., one or more of EDG-3, EDG-5, EDG-6, and EDG-8).
  • EDG-1 selective receptor
  • R ! is phenyl, naphthyl or thienyl optionally substituted by C 2-9 heteroarylC 0-4 alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylC 0-4 alkyl, C 3-8 heterocycloalkylC 0- 4 alkyl or C ⁇ -6 alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of R] can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ .
  • any alkyl group of R 1 can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, - S(O) 2 - -NR 5 - and -O-; wherein R 5 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl.
  • Y is chosen from:
  • R 7 is hydrogen or C ⁇ -6 alkyl
  • Ri is chosen from:
  • R 8 is C 6-1 oarylC 0 . alkyl, C 2-9 heteroarylC 0- alkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkylCo -4 alkyl, Cs-sheterocycloalkylCo ⁇ alkyl or d.
  • any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of R 8 can be optionally substituted by one to three radicals chosen from halo, C ⁇ -6 alkyl, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy, halo- substituted-Ci- ⁇ alkyl and halo-substituted-C 1-6 alkoxy; and any alkyl group of R 8 can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, - S(O) 2 - -NR 5 - and -O-; wherein R 5 is hydrogen or C ⁇ -6 alkyl; and R 9 is chosen from halo, C ⁇ -6 alkyl, C ⁇ -6 alkoxy, halo-substituted-C ⁇ -6 alkyl and halo-substiruted-C ⁇ -6 alkoxy.
  • A is -C(O)OH; Z is chosen from: * 1 * * N' '-
  • left and right asterisks of Z indicate the point of attachment between - C(R 3 )(R4)- and A of Formula la or lb, respectively;
  • R ⁇ is chosen from hydrogen and Ci- 6 alkyl; and
  • R and R 4 are both hydrogen.
  • Y is chosen from phenyl, pyridinyl, thienyl and furanyl; wherein any phenyl, pyridinyl, thienyl or furanyl of Y is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 radicals chosen from methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro and methoxy; or where Y is phenyl, R can be attached to a carbon atom of Y to form 3,4-dihydro-lH- isoquinolin-2-yl.
  • R 8 is chosen from phenyl, cyclohexyl, thienyl, 3, 3 -dimethyl-butyl, pyridinyl, cyclopentyl and piperidinyl; wherein R 8 can be optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals chosen from trifiuoromethyl, methoxy, fluoro, triflouromethoxy and methyl; and R 9 is chosen from trifiuoromethyl, fluoro, methyl, chloro, methoxy and ethyl.
  • Preferred compounds of the invention include: 3- ⁇ 4-[l-(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl- 4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino ⁇ -propionic acid, 3- ⁇ 4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino ⁇ -propionic acid, l- ⁇ 4-[l-(4- Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl ⁇ -azetidine-3- carboxylic acid, 3-( ⁇ 2-Chloro-6-[ 1 -(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- pyridin-3-ylmethyl ⁇ -amino)-propionic acid, 3-( ⁇ 6-[l-
  • preferred compounds are also shown in the examples and table 1, infra.
  • the invention provides forms of the compound that have the hydroxyl or amine group present in a protected form; these function as prodrugs.
  • Prodrugs are compounds that are converted into an active drug form after administration, through one or more chemical or biochemical transformations. Forms of the compounds of the present invention that are readily converted into the claimed compound under physiological conditions are prodrugs of the claimed compounds and are within the scope of the present invention.
  • prodrugs include forms where a hydroxyl group is acylated to form a relatively labile ester such as an acetate ester, and forms where an amine group is acylated with the carboxylate group of glycine or an L-amino acid such as serine, forming an amide bond that is particularly susceptible to hydrolysis by common metabolic enzymes.
  • Compounds of Formula la or lb can exist in free form or in salt form, e.g. addition salts with inorganic or organic acids. Where hydroxyl groups are present, these groups can also be present in salt form, e.g. an ammonium salt or salts with metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc or magnesium, or a mixture thereof. Compounds of Formula la or lb and their salts in hydrate or solvate form are also part of the invention.
  • the compounds of Formula la or lb in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form exhibit valuable pharmacological properties, e.g. lymphocyte recirculation modulating properties, for example, as indicated by the in vitro and in vivo tests of Example 6 and are therefore indicated for therapy.
  • Compounds of Formula la or lb preferably show an EC 50 in the range of 1 x 10 "11 to 1 x 10 "5 M, preferably less than 50nM.
  • the compounds exhibit selectivity for one or more EDG/S1P receptors, preferably EDG-l/SlP-1.
  • EDG- 1/SlP-l selective modulators of the present invention can be identified by assaying a compound's binding to EDG-l/SlP-1 and one or more of the other EDG/S1P receptors (e.g., EDG-3/S1P-3, EDG-5/S1P-2, EDG-6/S1P-4, and EDG-8/S1P-5).
  • An EDG-l/SlP-1 selective modulator usually has an EC50 for the EDG-l/SlP-1 receptor in the range of 1 x 10 "11 to 1 x 10 "5 M, preferably less than 50 nM, more preferably less than 5 nM.
  • EDG-l/SlP-1 It also has an EC50 for one or more of the other EDG/S1P receptors that is at least 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500, or 1000 fold higher than its EC50 for EDG-l/SlP-1.
  • some of the EDG-l/SlP-1 modulatory compounds will have an EC50 for EDG-l/SlP-1 that is less than 5 nM while their EC50 for one or more of the other EDG/S1P receptors are at least 100 nM or higher.
  • EDG-l/SlP-1 selective agents can also be identified by examining a test agent's ability to modify a cellular process or activity mediated by an EDG/S1P receptor.
  • the compounds of Formula la or lb are, therefore, useful in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocytes interactions, for example in transplantation, such as acute or chronic rejection of cell, tissue or organ allo- or xenografts or delayed graft function, graft versus host disease, autoimmune diseases, e.g.
  • rheumatoid arthritis systemic lupus erythematosus, hashimoto's thyroidis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, diabetes type I or II and the disorders associated therewith, vasculitis, pernicious anemia, Sjoegren syndrome, uveitis, psoriasis, Graves ophthalmopathy, alopecia areata and others, allergic diseases, e.g. allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, allergic contact dermatitis, inflammatory diseases optionally with underlying aberrant reactions, e.g.
  • inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
  • intrinsic asthma inflammatory lung injury, inflammatory liver injury, inflammatory glomerular injury, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, irritant contact dermatitis and further eczematous dermatitises, seborrhoeic dermatitis, cutaneous manifestations of immunologically-mediated disorders, inflammatory eye disease, keratoconjunctivitis, myocarditis or hepatitis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, e.g. myocardial infarction, stroke, gut ischemia, renal failure or hemorrhage shock, traumatic shock, T cell lymphomas or T cell leukemias, infectious diseases, e.g. toxic shock (e.g.
  • septic shock e.g. AIDS, viral hepatitis, chronic bacterial infection, or senile dementia.
  • viral infections e.g. AIDS, viral hepatitis, chronic bacterial infection, or senile dementia.
  • cell, tissue or solid organ transplants include e.g. pancreatic islets, stem cells, bone marrow, corneal tissue, neuronal tissue, heart, lung, combined heart-lung, kidney, liver, bowel, pancreas, trachea or oesophagus.
  • the compounds of Formula la or lb are useful in cancer chemotherapy, particularly for cancer chemotherapy of solid tumors, e.g. breast cancer, or as an anti-angiogenic agent.
  • the required dosage will of course vary depending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to be treated and the effect desired. In general, satisfactory results are indicated to be obtained systemically at daily dosages of from about 0.03 to 2.5 mg/kg per body weight.
  • An indicated daily dosage in the larger mammal, e.g. humans, is in the range from about 0.5 mg to about 100 mg, conveniently administered, for example, in divided doses up to four times a day or in retard form.
  • Suitable unit dosage forms for oral administration comprise from ca. 1 to 50 mg active ingredient.
  • the compounds of Formula la or lb can be administered by any conventional route, in particular enterally, for example, orally, e.g. in the form of tablets or capsules, or parenterally, for example, in the form of injectable solutions or suspensions, topically, e.g. in the form of lotions, gels, ointments or creams, or in a nasal or a suppository form.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula la or lb in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form in association with at least one pharmaceutical acceptable carrier or diluent can be manufactured in conventional manner by mixing with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • the compounds of Formula la or lb can be administered in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, for example, as indicated above.
  • Such salts can be prepared in a conventional manner and exhibit the same order of activity as the free compounds.
  • the present invention further provides:
  • a method for preventing or treating disorders or diseases mediated by lymphocytes, e.g. such as indicated above, in a subject in need of such treatment comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula la or lb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
  • a method for preventing or treating acute or chronic transplant rejection or T- cell mediated inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, e.g. as indicated above, in a subject in need of such treatment comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula la or lb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
  • SIP sphingosine-1 -phosphate
  • a pharmaceutical composition e.g. for use in any of the methods as in 1.1 to 1.4 above comprising a compound of Formula la or lb in free form or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor.
  • the compounds of Formula la or lb may be administered as the sole active ingredient or in conjunction with, e.g. as an adjuvant to, other drugs e.g. immunosuppressive or immunomodulating agents or other anti-inflammatory agents, e.g. for the treatment or prevention of allo- or xeno graft acute or chronic rejection or inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, or a chemotherapeutic agent, e.g. a malignant cell anti-proliferative agent.
  • the compounds of Formula la or lb may be used in combination with a calcineurin inhibitor, e.g. cyclosporin A or FK 506; a mTOR inhibitor, e.g.
  • rapamycin 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, CCI779, ABT578 or AP23573; an ascomycin having immunosuppressive properties, e.g. ABT-281, ASM981, etc.; corticosteroids; cyclophosphamide; azathioprene; methotrexate; leflunomide; mizoribine; mycophenolic acid; mycophenolate mofetil; 15-deoxyspergualine or an immunosuppressive homologue, analogue or derivative thereof; immunosuppressive monoclonal antibodies, e.g. monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte receptors, e.g.
  • immunomodulatory compounds e.g. a recombinant binding molecule having at least a portion of the extracellular domain of CTLA4 or a mutant thereof, e.g. an at least extracellular portion of CTLA4 or a mutant thereof joined to a non-CTLA4 protein sequence, e.g. CTLA4Ig (for ex. designated ATCC 68629) or a mutant thereof, e.g. LEA29Y ; adhesion molecule inhibitors, e.g. LFA-1 antagonists, ICAM-1 or -3 antagonists, VCAM-4 antagonists or VLA-4 antagonists; or a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • CTLA4Ig for ex. designated ATCC 68629
  • adhesion molecule inhibitors e.g. LFA-1 antagonists, ICAM-1 or -3 antagonists, VCAM-4 antagonists or VLA-4 antagonists
  • chemotherapeutic agent e.g. LFA-1 antagonists, ICAM-1 or -3 antagonists, VCAM-4 antagonists or VLA-4
  • chemotherapeutic agent any chemotherapeutic agent and it includes but is not limited to, i. an aromatase inhibitor, ii. an anti-estrogen, an anti-androgen (especially in the case of prostate cancer) or a gonadorelin agonist, iii. a topoisomerase I inhibitor or a topoisomerase II inhibitor, iv. a microtubule active agent, an alkylating agent, an antineoplastic antimetabolite or a platin compound, v.
  • an aromatase inhibitor ii. an anti-estrogen, an anti-androgen (especially in the case of prostate cancer) or a gonadorelin agonist
  • iii. a topoisomerase I inhibitor or a topoisomerase II inhibitor iv. a microtubule active agent
  • an alkylating agent an antineoplastic antimetabolite or a platin compound
  • a compound targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity or a protein or lipid phosphatase activity, a further anti-angiogenic compound or a compound which induces cell differentiation processes vi. a bradykinin 1 receptor or an angiotensin II antagonist, vii. a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, a bisphosphonate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, a heparanase inhibitor (prevents heparan sulphate degradation), e.g. PI-88, a biological response modifier, preferably a lymphokine or interferons, e.g.
  • interferon D an ubiquitination inhibitor, or an inhibitor which blocks anti-apoptotic pathways
  • an inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms e.g. H-Ras, K-Ras or N-Ras, or a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, e.g. L-744,832 or DK8G557
  • a telomerase inhibitor e.g. telomestatin
  • a protease inhibitor a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, a methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor, e.g. bengamide or a derivative thereof, or a proteosome inhibitor, e.g.
  • aromatase inhibitor as used herein relates to a compound which inhibits the estrogen production, i.e. the conversion of the substrates androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively.
  • the term includes, but is not limited to steroids, especially atamestane, exemestane and formestane and, in particular, non-steroids, especially aminoglutethimide, roglethimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane, testolactone, ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and letrozole.
  • a combination of the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent which is an aromatase inhibitor is particularly useful for the treatment of hormone receptor positive tumors, e.g. breast tumors.
  • anti-estrogen as used herein relates to a compound which antagonizes the effect of estrogens at the estrogen receptor level.
  • the term includes, but is not limited to tamoxifen, fulvestrant, raloxifene and raloxifene hydrochloride.
  • a combination of the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent which is an anti-estrogen is particularly useful for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive tumors, e.g. breast tumors.
  • anti-androgen as used herein relates to any substance which is capable of inhibiting the biological effects of androgenic hormones and includes, but is not limited to, bicalutamide.
  • gonadorelin agonist includes, but is not limited to abarelix, goserelin and goserelin acetate.
  • topoisomerase I inhibitor includes, but is not limited to topotecan, irinotecan, 9-nitrocamptothecin and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate PNU-166148 (compound Al in WO99/17804).
  • topoisomerase II inhibitor includes, but is not limited to the anthracyc lines such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorubicin, the anthraquinones mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide and teniposide.
  • microtubule active agent relates to microtubule stabilizing and microtubule destabilizing agents including, but not limited to taxanes, e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel, vinca alkaloids, e.g., vinblastine, especially vinblastine sulfate, vincristine especially vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine, discodermolides and epothilones and derivatives thereof, e.g. epothilone B or a derivative thereof.
  • taxanes e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel
  • vinca alkaloids e.g., vinblastine, especially vinblastine sulfate, vincristine especially vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine
  • discodermolides and epothilones and derivatives thereof e.g. epothilone B or a derivative thereof.
  • alkylating agent includes, but is not limited to busulfan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosourea (BCNU or GliadelTM).
  • anti-plastic antimetabolite includes, but is not limited to 5- fluorouracil, capecitabine, gemcitabine, cytarabine, fludarabine, thioguanine, methotrexate and edatrexate.
  • platinum compound as used herein includes, but is not limited to carboplatin, cis-platin and oxaliplatin.
  • compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity or further anti-angiogenic compounds includes, but is not limited to protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinase inhibitors or lipid kinase inhibitors, e.g.
  • EGFR epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases
  • NEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases
  • PDGFR platelet-derived growth factor-receptors
  • FGFR fibroblast growth factor-receptors
  • IGF-1R insulin-like growth factor receptor 1
  • Trk receptor tyrosine kinase family the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase family, the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase, the Kit/SCFR receptor tyrosine kinase, members of the c-Abl family and their gene- fusion products (e.g.
  • BCR-Abl members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family of serine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK, PDK or PI(3) kinase family, or of the PI(3)-kinase-related kinase family, and/or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) and anti-angiogenic compounds having another mechanism for their activity, e.g. unrelated to protein or lipid kinase inhibition.
  • PKC protein kinase C
  • Raf of serine/threonine kinases
  • MEK members of the MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK, PDK or PI(3) kinase family
  • CDK cyclin-dependent kinase family
  • Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of VEGFR are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit the NEGF receptor tyrosine kinase, inhibit a VEGF receptor or bind to NEGF, and are in particular those compounds, proteins or monoclonal antibodies generically and specifically disclosed in WO 98/35958, e.g. l-(4- chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g. the succinate, in WO 00/27820, e.g. a ⁇ -aryl(thio) anthranilic acid amide derivative e.g.
  • antibody By antibody is meant intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from at least 2 intact antibodies, and antibody fragments so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.
  • Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor family are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit members of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase family, e.g. EGF receptor, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4 or bind to EGF or EGF related ligands, or which have a dual inhibiting effect on the ErbB and VEGF receptor kinase and are in particular those compounds, proteins or monoclonal antibodies genetically and specifically disclosed in WO 97/02266, e.g. the compound of ex.
  • trastuzumab (Herpetin R ), cetuximab, Iressa, OSI-774, CI-1033, EKB- 569, GW-2016, El.l, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.l l, E6.3 or E7.6.3.
  • Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of PDGFR are especially compounds which inhibit the PDGF receptor, e.g. a N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, e.g. imatinib.
  • Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of c-Abl family members and their gene fusion products are, e.g. a N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, e.g. imatinib; PD180970; AG957; or NSC 680410.
  • MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK and PDK family members, or PI(3) kinase or PI(3) kinase-related family members, and or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) are especially those staurosporine derivatives disclosed in EP 0 296 110, e.g. midostaurin; examples of further compounds include e.g. UCN-01, safingol, BAY 43-9006, Bryostatin 1, Perifosine; Ilmofosine; RO 318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; Isis 3521; or LY333531/LY379196.
  • anti-angiogenic compounds are e.g. thalidomide (THALOMID) and TNP- 470.
  • Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase are, e.g. inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, PTEN or CDC25, e.g. okadaic acid or a derivative thereof.
  • Compounds which induce cell differentiation processes are, e.g. retinoic acid, ⁇ -, ⁇ - or ⁇ -tocopherol or ⁇ -, ⁇ - or ⁇ -tocotrienol.
  • cyclooxygenase inhibitor as used herein includes, but is not limited to, e.g. celecoxib (Celebrex R ), rofecoxib (Vioxx R ), etoricoxib, valdecoxib or a 5-alkyl-2- arylaminophenylacetic acid, e.g. 5-methyl-2-(2'-chloro-6'-fluoroanilino)phenyl acetic acid.
  • histone deacetylase inhibitor includes, but is not limited to MS-27-275, SAHA, pyroxamide, FR-901228 or valproic acid.
  • bisphosphonates as used herein includes, but is not limited to, etridonic, clodronic, tiludronic, pamidronic, alendronic, ibandronic, risedronic and zoledronic acid.
  • matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor as used herein includes, but is not limited to collagen peptidomimetic and non-petidomimetic inhibitors, tetracycline derivatives, e.g. hydroxamate peptidomimetic inhibitor batimastat and its orally bioavailable analogue marimastat, prinomastat, BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211 or AAJ996.
  • mTOR inhibitor includes, but is not limited to rapamycin (sirolimus) or a derivative thereof, e.g. 32-deoxorapamycin, 16-pent-2-ynyloxy- 32-deoxorapamycin, 16-pent-2-ynyloxy-32(S)-dihydro-rapamycin, 16-pent-2-ynyloxy- 32(S)-dihydro-40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin and, more preferably, 40-0-(2-hydroxy- ethyl)-rapamycin.
  • rapamycin derivatives include e.g.
  • dosages of the co-administered immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory, anti- inflammatory or chemotherapeutic compound will of course vary depending on the type of co-drug employed, e.g. whether it is a steroid or a calcineurin inhibitor, on the specific drug employed, on the condition being treated and so forth.
  • a method as defined above comprising co-administration, e.g. concomitantly or in sequence, of a therapeutically effective non-toxic amount of a compound of Formula la or lb and at least a second drug substance, e.g. an immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory or chemotherapeutic drug, e.g. as indicated above.
  • a pharmaceutical combination e.g. a kit, comprising a) a first agent which is a compound of Formula la or lb as disclosed herein, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, and b) at least one co-agent, e.g. an immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory or chemotherapeutic drug, e.g. as disclosed above.
  • the kit may comprise instructions for its administration.
  • co-administration or “combined administration” or the like as utilized herein are meant to encompass administration of the selected therapeutic agents to a single patient, and are intended to include treatment regimens in which the agents are not necessarily administered by the same route of administration or at the same time.
  • pharmaceutical combination means a product that results from the mixing or combining of more than one active ingredient and includes both fixed and non-fixed combinations of the active ingredients.
  • fixed combination means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of Formula la or lb and a co-agent, are both administered to a patient simultaneously in the form of a single entity or dosage.
  • non- fixed combination means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of Formula la or lb and a co-agent, are both administered to a patient as separate entities either simultaneously, concurrently or sequentially with no specific time limits, wherein such administration provides therapeutically effective levels of the 2 compounds in the body of the patient.
  • cocktail therapy e.g. the administration of 3 or more active ingredients.
  • the present invention also includes processes for the preparation of immunomodulatory compounds of the invention.
  • reactive functional groups for example hydroxy, amino, imino, thio or carboxy groups, where these are desired in the final product, to avoid their unwanted participation in the reactions.
  • Conventional protecting groups can be used in accordance with standard practice, for example, see T.W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in "Protective
  • Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula 2 with a compound of formula 3 in the presence of a suitable solvent (e.g. methanol, and the like), a suitable base (e.g. triethylamine, and the like) and a suitable reducing agent (e.g. sodium borohydride). The reaction proceeds at a temperature of about 0 to about 60°C and can take up to about 48 hours to complete.
  • a suitable solvent e.g. methanol, and the like
  • a suitable base e.g. triethylamine, and the like
  • a suitable reducing agent e.g. sodium borohydride
  • Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula 4 with a compound of formula 3 in the presence of a suitable solvent (e.g. methanol, and the like), a suitable base (e.g. triethylamine, and the like) and a suitable reducing agent (e.g. sodium borohydride). The reaction proceeds at a temperature of about 0 to about 60°C and can take up to about 48 hours to complete.
  • a suitable solvent e.g. methanol, and the like
  • a suitable base e.g. triethylamine, and the like
  • a suitable reducing agent e.g. sodium borohydride
  • a compound of the invention can be prepared as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of a compound of the invention can be prepared by reacting the free acid form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic base.
  • the salt forms of the compounds of the invention can be prepared using salts of the starting materials or intermediates.
  • the free acid or free base forms of the compounds of the invention can be prepared from the corresponding base addition salt or acid addition salt from, respectively.
  • a compound of the invention in an acid addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free base by treating with a suitable base (e.g., ammonium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, and the like).
  • a suitable base e.g., ammonium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, and the like.
  • a compound of the invention in a base addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free acid by treating with a suitable acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, etc.).
  • Compounds of the invention in unoxidized form can be prepared from N-oxides of compounds of the invention by treating with a reducing agent (e.g., sulfur, sulfur dioxide, triphenyl phosphine, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, phosphorus trichloride, tribromide, or the like) in a suitable inert organic solvent (e.g. acetonitrile, ethanol, aqueous dioxane, or the like) at 0 to 80°C.
  • a reducing agent e.g., sulfur, sulfur dioxide, triphenyl phosphine, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, phosphorus trichloride, tribromide, or the like
  • a suitable inert organic solvent e.g. acetonitrile, ethanol, aqueous dioxane, or the like
  • Prodrug derivatives of the compounds of the invention can be prepared by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art (e.g., for further details see Saulnier et al., (1994), Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, p. 1985).
  • appropriate prodrugs can be prepared by reacting a non-derivatized compound of the invention with a suitable carbamylating agent (e.g., 1,1-acyloxyalkylcarbanochloridate, para-nitrophenyl carbonate, or the like).
  • Protected derivatives of the compounds of the invention can be made by means known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A detailed description of techniques applicable to the creation of protecting groups and their removal can be found in T W. Greene, "Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry", 3 rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1999.
  • Hydrates of compounds of the present invention can be conveniently prepared, or formed during the process of the invention, as solvates (e.g., hydrates). Hydrates of compounds of the present invention can be conveniently prepared by recrystallization from an aqueous/organic solvent mixture, using organic solvents such as dioxin, tetrahydrofuran or methanol.
  • Compounds of the invention can be prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture of the compound with an optically active resolving agent to forma pair of diastereoisomeric compounds, separating the diastereomers and recovering the optically pure enantiomers. While resolution of enantiomers can be carried out using covalent diastereomeric derivatives of the compounds of the invention, dissociable complexes are preferred (e.g., crystalline diastereomeric salts). Diastereomers have distinct physical properties (e.g., melting points, boiling points, solubilities, reactivity, etc.) and can be readily separated by taking advantage of these dissimilarities.
  • the diastereomers can be separated by chromatography, or preferable, by separation/resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility.
  • the optically pure enantiomer is then recovered, along with the resolving agent, by any practical means that would not result in racemization.
  • a more detailed description of the techniques applicable to the resolution of stereoisomers of compounds from the their racemic mixture can be found in Jean Jacques, Andre Collet, Samuel H. Wilen, "Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions", John Wiley And Sons, Inc., 1981.
  • the compounds of Formula la or lb can be made by a process, which involves: (a) reacting a compound of formula 2 or 4 with a compound of formula 3; and
  • Example 1 provides detailed descriptions of the preparation of representative compounds and are offered to illustrate, but not to limit the present invention.
  • Example 1 provides detailed descriptions of the preparation of representative compounds and are offered to illustrate, but not to limit the present invention.
  • a mixture of 4-amino-3-ethyl-benzonitrile (5 mmol) and water (10 mL) is placed in a flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a thermometer probe. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.2 mL) is added slowly. After most of the solid is dissolved, ice (20 g) is added and the temperature is kept at 0°C using an ice-salt bath. To the stirred mixture is added a solution of sodium nitrite (5 mmol) in water (2.5 mL), dropwise. The mixture is stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes. A solution of hydrated sodium acetate in water is added to adjust the pH to neutral.
  • Example 6 Compounds of Formula la or lb Exhibit Biological Activity A. In vitro; GPCR activation assay measuring GTP f ⁇ - 35 Sl binding to membranes prepared from CHO cells expressing human EDG receptors
  • EDG-1 (SIP]) GTP [ ⁇ - 35 S] binding assay Homogenized membranes are prepared from CHO cell clones stably expressing a human EDG-1 N-terminal c-myc tag. Cells are grown in suspension in two 850 cm 2 roller bottles for three or fours days before harvesting. The cells are centrifuged down, washed once with cold PBS, and resuspended in .20 ml of Buffer A (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 10 mM EDTA, EDTA-free complete protease inhibitor cocktail [1 tablet/25 ml]). The cell suspension is homogenized on ice, using a Polytron homogenizer at 30000 rpm at three intervals of 15 seconds each.
  • the homogenate is first centrifuged at 2000 rpm on a tabletop low speed centrifuge for 10 minutes.
  • the supernatant after passing through a cell strainer, is then re-centrifuged at 50,000 x g for 25 minutes at 4°C.
  • the pellet is resuspended into buffer B (15% glycerol, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 0.1 mM EDTA, EDTA-free complete protease inhibitor cocktail [1 tablet/10 ml]).
  • Protein concentration of the prep is determined using the BCA Protein Assay kit (Pierce) using BSA as standard.
  • the membranes are aliquoted and kept frozen at -80°C.
  • test compounds ranging from lOmM to 0.0 InM are prepared in DMSO. SIP is diluted in 4% BSA solution as positive controls. The desired amount of membrane prep is diluted with ice-cold assay buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1 % Fatty acid-free BSA, 5 ⁇ M GDP) and vortexed well. 2 ⁇ l or less of compound is distributed into each well of a round-bottom 96-well polystyrene assay plate, followed by addition of 100 ⁇ l of diluted membranes (3-10 ⁇ g/well) and kept on ice until the addition of hot GTP ⁇ S.
  • ice-cold assay buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1 % Fatty acid-free BSA, 5 ⁇ M GDP
  • [ 35 S]-GTP ⁇ S is diluted 1 : 1000 (v/v) with cold assay buffer and 100 ⁇ l is added into each well. The reaction is carried out at room temperature for 90 minutes before the membranes are harvested onto Perkin-Elmer Unifilter ® GF/B-96 filter plate using a Packard Filtermate Harvester. After several washes with wash buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl 2) , and a rinse with 95% ethanol, the filter is dried in a 37°C oven for 30 minutes. MicroScint-20 is added and the plate sealed for scintillation counting on TopCount.
  • EC50 values are obtained by fitting the GTP [ ⁇ - 35 S] binding curves (raw data) with the dose response curve- fitting tool of GraphPad Prism. Six or twelve different concentrations are used to generate a concentration response curve (using three data points per concentration).
  • EDG-3,-5,-6 and -8 GTP [ ⁇ - 35 S] binding assays are carried out in a comparable manner to the EDG-1 GTP [ ⁇ - 35 S] binding assay using membranes from CHO cells stably expressing c-terminal c-myc tagged or untagged receptors. For each membrane preparation, titration experiments are first run with SIP control to determine the optimal amount of membranes to be added per assay well.
  • l-(4-ri-r4-Cvclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl1-2-ethyl-benzv -azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (example 3) has an EC 5 0 of 0.2 nM in the above assay and is at least 1000 fold selective for EDG-1 compared to one or more of the other receptors including EDG-3, EDG-5, EDG-6 and EDG-8.
  • EDG-1, EDG-3, EDG-5, and EDG-6 are tested for agonist activity on EDG-1, EDG-3, EDG-5, and EDG-6 with a FLIPR calcium flux assay.
  • CHO cells expressing an EDG receptor are maintained in F-12K medium (ATCC), containing 5% FBS, with 500ug/ml of G418.
  • the cells Prior to the assay, the cells are plated in 384 black clear bottom plates at the density of 10,000 cells/well/25 ⁇ l in the medium of F-12K containing 1% FBS.
  • the second day the cells are washed three times (25 ⁇ l/each) with washing buffer. About 25 ⁇ l of dye are added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C and 5% CO 2 .
  • Measurement of circulating lymphocytes Compounds are dissolved in DMSO and diluted to obtain a final concentration of 4% DMSO (v/v, final concentration) and then further diluted in a constant volume of Tween80 25%/H2O, v/v. Tween80 25%/H2O (200 ⁇ l), 4% DMSO, and FTY720 (10 ⁇ g) are included as negative and positive controls, respectively.
  • Mice (C57bl/6 male, 6-10 week-old) are administered 250-300 ⁇ L of compound solution orally by gavages under short isoflurane anesthesia.
  • Blood is collected from the retro-orbital sinus 6 and 24 hours after drug administration under short isoflurane anesthesia. Whole blood samples are subjected to hematology analysis. Peripheral lymphocyte counts are determined using an automated analyzer. Subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes are stained by fluorochrome- conjugated specific antibodies and analyzed using a fluorescent activating cell sorter (Facscalibur). Two mice are used to assess the lymphocyte depletion activity of each compound screened. The result is an ED 50 , which is defined as the effective dose required displaying 50 % of blood lymphocyte depletion.
  • l-(4-ri-f4-Cvclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino -ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzvU-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid exhibits and ED50 of 0.1 mg/kg.
  • Porous chambers containing (i) sphingosine-1 -phosphate (5 ⁇ M/chamber) or (ii) human VEGF (1 ⁇ g/chamber) in 0.5 ml of 0.8% w/v agar (containing heparin, 20 U/ml) are implanted subcutaneously in the flank of mice.
  • SIP or VEGF induces the growth of vascularized tissue around the chamber. This response is dose-dependent and can be quantified by measuring the weight and blood content of the tissue.
  • Mice are treated once a day orally or intravenously with a compound of Formula la or lb starting 4-6 hours before implantation of the chambers and continuing for 4 days. The animals are sacrificed for measurement of the vascularized tissues 24 hours after the last dose.
  • the weight and blood content of the vascularized tissues around the chamber is determined.
  • Animals treated with a compound of Formula la or lb show reduced weight and/or blood content of the vascularized tissues compared to animals treated with vehicle alone.
  • Compounds of Formula la or lb are anti-angiogenic when administered at a dose of about 0.3 to about 3mg/kg.
  • E In vitro: Antitumor Activity
  • a mouse breast cancer cell line originally isolated from mammary carcinomas is used, e.g. JygMC(A). The cell number is adjusted to 5x10 5 for plating in fresh medium before the procedure.
  • Cells are incubated with fresh medium containing 2.5mM of thymidine without FCS for 12 hours and then washed twice with PBS, followed by addition of fresh medium with 10% FCS and additionally incubated for another 12 hours. Thereafter the cells are incubated with fresh medium containing 2.5mM of thymidine without FCS for 12 hours. To release the cells from the block, the cells are washed twice with PBS and replated in fresh medium with 10% FCS.
  • the cells are incubated with or without various concentrations of a compound of Formula la or lb for 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 or 24 hours.
  • the cells are harvested after treatment with 0.2% EDTA, fixed with ice-cold 70% ethanol solution, hydrolyzed with 250 ⁇ g/ml of RNaseA (type 1-A: Sigma Chem. Co.) at 37°C for 30 minutes and stained with propidium iodide at lOmg/ml for 20 minutes.
  • the number of cells is determined both by counting cells in a Coulter counter and by the SRB colorimetric assay. Under these conditions compounds of Formula la or lb inhibit the proliferation of the tumor cells at concentrations ranging from 10 "12 to 10 "6 M.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to immunosuppressant, process for their production, their uses and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. The invention provides a novel class of compounds useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocyte interactions, particularly diseases associated with EDG receptor mediated signal transduction.

Description

IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application
Number 60/471,931 (filed 19 May 2003) and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Number 60/561,968 (filed 14 April 2004). The full disclosures of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The invention provides a novel class of immunosuppressant compounds useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocyte interactions, particularly diseases associated with EDG receptor mediated signal transduction.
Background EDG receptors belong to a family of closely related, lipid activated G- protein coupled receptors. EDG-1, EDG-3, EDG-5, EDG-6, and EDG-8 (also respectively termed S1P1, S1P3, S1P2, S1P4, and S1P5) are identified as receptors specific for sphingosine-1 -phosphate (SIP). EDG2, EDG4, and EDG7 (also termed LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3, respectively) are receptors specific for lysophosphatidic (LPA). Among the SIP receptor isotypes, EDG-1, EDG-3 and EDG-5 are widely expressed in various tissues, whereas the expression of EDG-6 is confined largely to lymphoid tissues and platelets, and that of EDG-8 to the central nervous system. EDG receptors are responsible for signal transduction and are thought to play an important role in cell processes involving cell development, proliferation, maintenance, migration, differentiation, plasticity and apoptosis. Certain EDG receptors are associated with diseases mediated by lymphocyte interactions, for example, in transplantation rejection, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. An alteration in EDG receptor activity contributes to the pathology and/or symptomology of these diseases. Accordingly, molecules that themselves alter the activity of EDG receptors are useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment of such diseases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This application relates to compounds selected from Formula la and lb:
Figure imgf000003_0001
in which: A is chosen from -C(O)OR5, -OP(O)(OR5)2, -P(O)(OR5)2, -S(O)2OR5, -
P(O)(R5)OR5 and lH-tetrazol-5-yl; wherein each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen and Cι-6alkyl;
W is chosen from a bond, Cι-3alkylene, C2- alkenylene;
Y is chosen from C6-10aryl and C2-9heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of Y can be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 radicals chosen from halo, hydroxy, nitro, Ci. 6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, halo-substituted d-δalkyl and halo-substituted C1-6alkoxy; Z is chosen from:
*
* ^ * e Re Re Re
Figure imgf000004_0001
wherein the left and right asterisks of Z indicate the point of attachment between - C(R3)(R4)- and A of Formula la or lb, respectively; Re is chosen from hydrogen and Cj. 6alkyl; and J] and J2 are independently methylene or a heteroatom chosen from S, O and NR5; wherein R5 is chosen from hydrogen and Cι-6alkyl; and any alkylene of Z can be further substituted by one to three radicals chosen from halo, hydroxy, Cι-6alkyl; or Rβ can be attached to a carbon atom of Y to form a 5-7 member ring;
Ri is chosen from C6-ι0aryl and C2-9heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of Ri is optionally substituted by a radical chosen from C6-ιoarylC0-4alkyl, C2-9heteroarylC0. 4alkyl, C3-8cycloalkylC0-4alkyl, C .8heterocycloalkylC0-4alkyl or Cι-6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of Ri can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, Cι.6alkyl, Cι-6alkoxy, halo-substituted-Cι-6alkyl and halo- substituted-d-βalkoxy; and any alkyl group of R] can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2- -NR5- and -O-; wherein R5 is chosen from hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl;
R2 is chosen from hydrogen, Cι-6alkyl, C2.6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl and halo substituted Cι-6alkyl; R3 and R4 are independently chosen from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, halo, hydroxy, C\.
6alkoxy, halo-substituted Cι-6alkyl and halo-substituted C1-6alkoxy; and the N-oxide derivatives, prodrug derivatives, protected derivatives, individual isomers and mixtures of isomers thereof; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates (e.g. hydrates) of such compounds.
A second aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition which contains a compound of Formula la or lb or an N-oxide derivative, individual isomer or mixture of isomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with one or more suitable excipients. A third aspect of the invention is a method for treating a disease in an animal in which alteration of EDG receptor mediated signal transduction can prevent, inhibit or ameliorate the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease, which method comprises administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula la or lb or a N-oxide derivative, individual isomer or mixture of isomers thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
A fourth aspect of the invention is the use of a compound of Formula la or lb in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease in an animal in which alteration of EDG receptor mediated signal transduction contributes to the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease. A fifth aspect of the invention is a process for preparing compounds of Formula la or lb and the N-oxide derivatives, prodrug derivatives, protected derivatives, individual isomers and mixtures of isomers thereof; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention provides compounds that are useful in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocyte interactions. Also provided are methods for treating such diseases or disorders.
Definitions
In this specification, unless otherwise defined:
"Alkyl" as a group and as a structural element of other groups, for example halo- substituted-alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl and alkylsulfinyl, can be either straight-chained or branched. "Alkenyl" as a group and as a structural element of other groups contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and can be either straight-chain, or branched. Any double bonds can be in the cis- or trans- configuration. "Alkynyl" as a group and as structural element of other groups and compounds contains at least one C ≡C triple bond and can also contain one or more C=C double bonds, and can, so far as possible, be either straight-chain or branched. Any cycloalkyl group, alone or as a structural element of other groups can contain from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. "Alkylene" and "alkenylene" are divalent radicals derived from "alkyl" and "alkenyl" groups, respectively. In this application, any alkyl group of R1 can be optionally interrupted by a member of the group selected from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2- -NR20- and -O- (wherein R20 is hydrogen or C]-6alkyl). These groups include -CH2-O-CH2- -CH2-S(O)2-CH2- - (CH2)2-NR20-CH2- -CH2-0-(CH2)2-, and the like.
"Aryl" means a monocyclic or fused bicyclic aromatic ring assembly containing six to ten ring carbon atoms. For example, C6-12aryl can be phenyl, biphenyl or naphthyl, preferably phenyl. A fused bicyclic ring can be partially saturated, for example, 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-naphthalene, and the like. "Arylene" means a divalent radical derived from an aryl group. For example, arylene as used in this application can be-phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylene and the like.
"Halo" or "halogen" means F, CI, Br or I, preferably F or CI. Halo-substituted alkyl groups and compounds can be partially halogenated or perhalogenated, whereby in the case of multiple halogenation, the halogen substituents can be identical or different. A preferred perhalogenated alkyl group is for example trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy.
"Heteroaryl" means aryl, as defined in this application, with the addition of at least one heteroatom moiety selected from N, O or S, and each ring is comprised of 5 to 6 ring atoms, unless otherwise stated. For example, C2heteroaryl includes oxadiazole, triazole, and the like. C9heteroaryl includes quinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline, and the like. C2- 9heteroaryl as used in this application includes thienyl, pyridinyl, furanyl, isoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl or benzo[l,3]dioxolyl, preferably thienyl, furanyl or pyridinyl. "Heteroarylene" means heteroaryl, as defined in this application, provided that the ring assembly comprises a divalent radical. A fused bicyclic heteroaryl ring system can be partially saturated, for example, 2,3-dihydro-lH-isoindole, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline, and the like.
As used in the present invention, an EDG-1 selective compound (agent or modulator) has a specificity that is selective for EDG-1 over EDG-3 and over one or more of EDG-5, EDG-6, and EDG-8. As used herein, selectivity for one EDG receptor (a "selective receptor") over another EDG receptor (a "non-selective receptor") means that the compound has a much higher potency in inducing activities mediated by the selective EDG receptor (e.g., EDG-1) than that for the non-selective SlP-specific EDG receptor. If measured in a GTP-γS binding assay (as described in the Example below), an EDG-1 selective compound typically has an EC50 (effective concentration that causes 50% of the maximum response) for a selective receptor (EDG-1) that is at least 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500, or 1000 fold lower than its EC50 for a non-selective receptor (e.g., one or more of EDG-3, EDG-5, EDG-6, and EDG-8).
Detailed Description of the Invention The invention provides compounds that are useful for treating or preventing diseases or disorders that are mediated by lymphocyte interactions. In one embodiment, for compounds of Formula la or lb, R! is phenyl, naphthyl or thienyl optionally substituted by
Figure imgf000007_0001
C2-9heteroarylC0-4alkyl, C3-8cycloalkylC0-4alkyl, C3-8heterocycloalkylC0- 4alkyl or Cι-6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of R] can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, Ci-βalkyl, Cι.6alkoxy, halo-substituted-Cι-6alkyl and halo-substituted-Cι-6alkoxy; and any alkyl group of R1 can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, - S(O)2- -NR5- and -O-; wherein R5 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl. In another embodiment, Y is chosen from:
Figure imgf000008_0001
wherein R7 is hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl; and the left and right asterisks of Y indicate the point of attachment a) either between
Figure imgf000008_0002
and the -CR3R4-, or between -CR3R4- and - C(R2)=NOλVR1 of Formula la, respectively, or b) either between -CR3R4- and W or between W and -CR3R4- of Formula lb, respectively; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of Y can be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 radicals chosen from halo, hydroxy, nitro, Cι-6alkyl, Cι-6alkoxy, halo-substituted Cι-6alkyl and halo-substituted Cι-6alkoxy. In a further embodiment, Ri is chosen from:
Figure imgf000008_0003
wherein the asterisk is the point of attachment of Ri with W; R8 is C6-1oarylC0. alkyl, C2-9heteroarylC0- alkyl, C3-8cycloalkylCo-4alkyl, Cs-sheterocycloalkylCo^alkyl or d. 6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of R8 can be optionally substituted by one to three radicals chosen from halo, Cι-6alkyl, Cι-6alkoxy, halo- substituted-Ci-βalkyl and halo-substituted-C1-6alkoxy; and any alkyl group of R8 can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, - S(O)2- -NR5- and -O-; wherein R5 is hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl; and R9 is chosen from halo, Cι-6alkyl, Cι-6alkoxy, halo-substituted-Cι-6alkyl and halo-substiruted-Cι-6alkoxy.
In another embodiment, A is -C(O)OH; Z is chosen from: * 1 * *N' '-
Re Re Re Re
Figure imgf000009_0001
wherein the left and right asterisks of Z indicate the point of attachment between - C(R3)(R4)- and A of Formula la or lb, respectively; Rδ is chosen from hydrogen and Ci- 6alkyl; and R and R4 are both hydrogen.
In a further embodiment, Y is chosen from phenyl, pyridinyl, thienyl and furanyl; wherein any phenyl, pyridinyl, thienyl or furanyl of Y is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 radicals chosen from methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro and methoxy; or where Y is phenyl, R can be attached to a carbon atom of Y to form 3,4-dihydro-lH- isoquinolin-2-yl.
In another embodiment, W is a bond or methylene; Ri is chosen from:
Figure imgf000009_0002
wherein R8 is chosen from phenyl, cyclohexyl, thienyl, 3, 3 -dimethyl-butyl, pyridinyl, cyclopentyl and piperidinyl; wherein R8 can be optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals chosen from trifiuoromethyl, methoxy, fluoro, triflouromethoxy and methyl; and R9 is chosen from trifiuoromethyl, fluoro, methyl, chloro, methoxy and ethyl.
Preferred compounds of the invention include: 3-{4-[l-(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl- 4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino}-propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4- Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3- carboxylic acid, 3-( {2-Chloro-6-[ 1 -(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid, 3-({6-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-
(Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 4- {4-[l-(Biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino } -butyric acid, 1 - {4- [ 1 -(Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)- ethyl] -benzyl} -azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzyl}-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, {4-[l-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -acetic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} - cyclopentanecarboxyhc acid, 3-{4-[l-(4'-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)- ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(5-Phenyl-furan-2-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino } -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(3 '-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)- ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(3-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4'-Methoxy-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(Biphenyl-3- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-Thiophen-2-yl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Thiophen-2-yl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4'-Fluoro- biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[l -(4'- Trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl -4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4- [l-(3,-Trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzyl}-azetidine-3- carboxylic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzyl} - pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)- ethyl]-benzyl}-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3-{4-[l-(3'-Methoxy-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 2-Hydroxy-3- {4-[ 1 -(2- trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 - (4'-Methyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4- Phenyl-thiophen-2-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino } -propionic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 - (Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzyl}-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-
Furan-3-yl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Thiophen-3-yl- 3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3- {4-[l-(4- Thiophen-3-yl-2-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 2- Fluoro-3-{4-[l-(2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}- propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -butyric acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(5-Phenyl-thiophen-2-yhnethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(3-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4'-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4'-Methyl-2- trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l- (4-Furan-2-yl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4- [l-(2'-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-(4- { 1 -[4-(3,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino]-ethyl} - benzylamino)-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Furan-3-yl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)- ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Pyridin-3-yl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[l-(4-Pyridin-4-yl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(2-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-({2-Methoxy-6-[l-(2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-3-ylmethyl} -amino)-propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl- 3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4- Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {2- Bromo-4-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}- propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-Cyclopentyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {2-Chloro-4-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-({6-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-3-ylmethyl} -amino)-propionic acid, 3-( {5- [l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-thiophen-2-ylmethyl}-amino)- propionic acid, 3-( {5-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-2- ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid, 3-({5-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-furan-2-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid, 3-({2-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl- 3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-4-ylmethyl} -amino)-propionic acid, 3- {4- [l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-fluoro-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{2- Chloro-4-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}- propionic acid, 1 - {6-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl- pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3-{2-Ethyl-4-[l-(4-piperidin-l-yl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4- Cyclohexyl-3-methyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4- [ 1 -(3-Chloro-4-cyclohexyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-methoxy-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-methoxy-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine- 3-carboxylic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2- methyl-benzylamino } -propionic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3 -trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2 -methyl-benzyl} -azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3- {4-[l-(4- Cyclohexyl-3 -trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl] -2-cyclopropyl-benzylamino } - propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2- cyclopropyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3-{2-Ethyl-4-[l-(2-trifluoromethyl- biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3- ethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl} -azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(4- Cyclohexyl-3-methyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, l-{2-Chloro-4-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzyl}-azetidine-3- carboxylic acid, 3-{2-Chloro-4-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)- ethyl]-2-fluoro-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-fluoro-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3-{6-[l-(4- Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-lH-isoquinolin-2-yl}- propionic acid, 3-{6-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-lH- isoquinolin-2-yl} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)- ethylideneaminooxymethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylideneaminooxymethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l- (4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylideneaminooxymethyl]-2-ethyl- benzylamino} -propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)- ethylideneaminooxymethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid and l-{4-[l-(4- Cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-phenyl)-ethylideneaminooxymethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3- carboxylic acid. Further, preferred compounds are also shown in the examples and table 1, infra. The invention provides forms of the compound that have the hydroxyl or amine group present in a protected form; these function as prodrugs. Prodrugs are compounds that are converted into an active drug form after administration, through one or more chemical or biochemical transformations. Forms of the compounds of the present invention that are readily converted into the claimed compound under physiological conditions are prodrugs of the claimed compounds and are within the scope of the present invention. Examples of prodrugs include forms where a hydroxyl group is acylated to form a relatively labile ester such as an acetate ester, and forms where an amine group is acylated with the carboxylate group of glycine or an L-amino acid such as serine, forming an amide bond that is particularly susceptible to hydrolysis by common metabolic enzymes.
Compounds of Formula la or lb can exist in free form or in salt form, e.g. addition salts with inorganic or organic acids. Where hydroxyl groups are present, these groups can also be present in salt form, e.g. an ammonium salt or salts with metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc or magnesium, or a mixture thereof. Compounds of Formula la or lb and their salts in hydrate or solvate form are also part of the invention.
When the compounds of Formula la or lb have asymmetric centers in the molecule, various optical isomers are obtained. The present invention also encompasses enantiomers, racemates, diastereoisomers and mixtures thereof. Moreover, when the compounds of Formula la or lb include geometric isomers, the present invention embraces cis-compounds, trans-compounds and mixtures thereof. Similar considerations apply in relation to starting materials exhibiting asymmetric carbon atoms or unsaturated bonds as mentioned above. Methods and Pharmaceutical Compositions for Treating Jmmunomodulatory
Conditions
The compounds of Formula la or lb in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, exhibit valuable pharmacological properties, e.g. lymphocyte recirculation modulating properties, for example, as indicated by the in vitro and in vivo tests of Example 6 and are therefore indicated for therapy. Compounds of Formula la or lb preferably show an EC50 in the range of 1 x 10"11 to 1 x 10"5 M, preferably less than 50nM. The compounds exhibit selectivity for one or more EDG/S1P receptors, preferably EDG-l/SlP-1. EDG- 1/SlP-l selective modulators of the present invention can be identified by assaying a compound's binding to EDG-l/SlP-1 and one or more of the other EDG/S1P receptors (e.g., EDG-3/S1P-3, EDG-5/S1P-2, EDG-6/S1P-4, and EDG-8/S1P-5). An EDG-l/SlP-1 selective modulator usually has an EC50 for the EDG-l/SlP-1 receptor in the range of 1 x 10"11 to 1 x 10"5 M, preferably less than 50 nM, more preferably less than 5 nM. It also has an EC50 for one or more of the other EDG/S1P receptors that is at least 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500, or 1000 fold higher than its EC50 for EDG-l/SlP-1. Thus, some of the EDG-l/SlP-1 modulatory compounds will have an EC50 for EDG-l/SlP-1 that is less than 5 nM while their EC50 for one or more of the other EDG/S1P receptors are at least 100 nM or higher. Other than assaying binding activity to the EDG/S1P receptors, EDG-l/SlP-1 selective agents can also be identified by examining a test agent's ability to modify a cellular process or activity mediated by an EDG/S1P receptor.
The compounds of Formula la or lb are, therefore, useful in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or disorders mediated by lymphocytes interactions, for example in transplantation, such as acute or chronic rejection of cell, tissue or organ allo- or xenografts or delayed graft function, graft versus host disease, autoimmune diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hashimoto's thyroidis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, diabetes type I or II and the disorders associated therewith, vasculitis, pernicious anemia, Sjoegren syndrome, uveitis, psoriasis, Graves ophthalmopathy, alopecia areata and others, allergic diseases, e.g. allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, allergic contact dermatitis, inflammatory diseases optionally with underlying aberrant reactions, e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, intrinsic asthma, inflammatory lung injury, inflammatory liver injury, inflammatory glomerular injury, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, irritant contact dermatitis and further eczematous dermatitises, seborrhoeic dermatitis, cutaneous manifestations of immunologically-mediated disorders, inflammatory eye disease, keratoconjunctivitis, myocarditis or hepatitis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, e.g. myocardial infarction, stroke, gut ischemia, renal failure or hemorrhage shock, traumatic shock, T cell lymphomas or T cell leukemias, infectious diseases, e.g. toxic shock (e.g. superantigen induced), septic shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome or viral infections, e.g. AIDS, viral hepatitis, chronic bacterial infection, or senile dementia. Examples of cell, tissue or solid organ transplants include e.g. pancreatic islets, stem cells, bone marrow, corneal tissue, neuronal tissue, heart, lung, combined heart-lung, kidney, liver, bowel, pancreas, trachea or oesophagus. For the above uses the required dosage will of course vary depending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to be treated and the effect desired. Furthermore, the compounds of Formula la or lb are useful in cancer chemotherapy, particularly for cancer chemotherapy of solid tumors, e.g. breast cancer, or as an anti-angiogenic agent.
The required dosage will of course vary depending on the mode of administration, the particular condition to be treated and the effect desired. In general, satisfactory results are indicated to be obtained systemically at daily dosages of from about 0.03 to 2.5 mg/kg per body weight. An indicated daily dosage in the larger mammal, e.g. humans, is in the range from about 0.5 mg to about 100 mg, conveniently administered, for example, in divided doses up to four times a day or in retard form. Suitable unit dosage forms for oral administration comprise from ca. 1 to 50 mg active ingredient.
The compounds of Formula la or lb can be administered by any conventional route, in particular enterally, for example, orally, e.g. in the form of tablets or capsules, or parenterally, for example, in the form of injectable solutions or suspensions, topically, e.g. in the form of lotions, gels, ointments or creams, or in a nasal or a suppository form. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula la or lb in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form in association with at least one pharmaceutical acceptable carrier or diluent can be manufactured in conventional manner by mixing with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
The compounds of Formula la or lb can be administered in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, for example, as indicated above. Such salts can be prepared in a conventional manner and exhibit the same order of activity as the free compounds.
In accordance with the foregoing the present invention further provides:
1.1 A method for preventing or treating disorders or diseases mediated by lymphocytes, e.g. such as indicated above, in a subject in need of such treatment, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula la or lb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
1.2 A method for preventing or treating acute or chronic transplant rejection or T- cell mediated inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, e.g. as indicated above, in a subject in need of such treatment, which method comprises administering to said subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula la or lb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; 1.3 A method for inhibiting or controlling deregulated angiogenesis, e.g. sphingosine-1 -phosphate (SIP) mediated angiogenesis, in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula la or lb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 1.4 A method for preventing or treating diseases mediated by a neo-angiogenesis process or associated with deregulated angiogenesis in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula la or lb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. A compound of Formula la or lb, in free form or in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt form for use as a pharmaceutical, e.g. in any of the methods as indicated under 1.1 to 1.4 above.
3. A pharmaceutical composition, e.g. for use in any of the methods as in 1.1 to 1.4 above comprising a compound of Formula la or lb in free form or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor.
4. A compound of Formula la or lb or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for use in any of the method as in 1.1 to 1.4 above.
The compounds of Formula la or lb may be administered as the sole active ingredient or in conjunction with, e.g. as an adjuvant to, other drugs e.g. immunosuppressive or immunomodulating agents or other anti-inflammatory agents, e.g. for the treatment or prevention of allo- or xeno graft acute or chronic rejection or inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, or a chemotherapeutic agent, e.g. a malignant cell anti-proliferative agent. For example the compounds of Formula la or lb may be used in combination with a calcineurin inhibitor, e.g. cyclosporin A or FK 506; a mTOR inhibitor, e.g. rapamycin, 40-O-(2- hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin, CCI779, ABT578 or AP23573; an ascomycin having immunosuppressive properties, e.g. ABT-281, ASM981, etc.; corticosteroids; cyclophosphamide; azathioprene; methotrexate; leflunomide; mizoribine; mycophenolic acid; mycophenolate mofetil; 15-deoxyspergualine or an immunosuppressive homologue, analogue or derivative thereof; immunosuppressive monoclonal antibodies, e.g. monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte receptors, e.g. MHC, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8, CD25, CD28, CD40. CD45, CD58, CD80, CD86 or their ligands; other immunomodulatory compounds, e.g. a recombinant binding molecule having at least a portion of the extracellular domain of CTLA4 or a mutant thereof, e.g. an at least extracellular portion of CTLA4 or a mutant thereof joined to a non-CTLA4 protein sequence, e.g. CTLA4Ig (for ex. designated ATCC 68629) or a mutant thereof, e.g. LEA29Y ; adhesion molecule inhibitors, e.g. LFA-1 antagonists, ICAM-1 or -3 antagonists, VCAM-4 antagonists or VLA-4 antagonists; or a chemotherapeutic agent.
By the term "chemotherapeutic agent" is meant any chemotherapeutic agent and it includes but is not limited to, i. an aromatase inhibitor, ii. an anti-estrogen, an anti-androgen (especially in the case of prostate cancer) or a gonadorelin agonist, iii. a topoisomerase I inhibitor or a topoisomerase II inhibitor, iv. a microtubule active agent, an alkylating agent, an antineoplastic antimetabolite or a platin compound, v. a compound targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity or a protein or lipid phosphatase activity, a further anti-angiogenic compound or a compound which induces cell differentiation processes, vi. a bradykinin 1 receptor or an angiotensin II antagonist, vii. a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, a bisphosphonate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, a heparanase inhibitor (prevents heparan sulphate degradation), e.g. PI-88, a biological response modifier, preferably a lymphokine or interferons, e.g. interferon D, an ubiquitination inhibitor, or an inhibitor which blocks anti-apoptotic pathways, viii. an inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms, e.g. H-Ras, K-Ras or N-Ras, or a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, e.g. L-744,832 or DK8G557, ix. a telomerase inhibitor, e.g. telomestatin, x. a protease inhibitor, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, a methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor, e.g. bengamide or a derivative thereof, or a proteosome inhibitor, e.g. PS-341, and/or xi. a mTOR inhibitor. The term "aromatase inhibitor" as used herein relates to a compound which inhibits the estrogen production, i.e. the conversion of the substrates androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively. The term includes, but is not limited to steroids, especially atamestane, exemestane and formestane and, in particular, non-steroids, especially aminoglutethimide, roglethimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane, testolactone, ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and letrozole. A combination of the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent which is an aromatase inhibitor is particularly useful for the treatment of hormone receptor positive tumors, e.g. breast tumors.
The term "anti-estrogen" as used herein relates to a compound which antagonizes the effect of estrogens at the estrogen receptor level. The term includes, but is not limited to tamoxifen, fulvestrant, raloxifene and raloxifene hydrochloride. A combination of the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent which is an anti-estrogen is particularly useful for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive tumors, e.g. breast tumors.
The term "anti-androgen" as used herein relates to any substance which is capable of inhibiting the biological effects of androgenic hormones and includes, but is not limited to, bicalutamide.
The term "gonadorelin agonist" as used herein includes, but is not limited to abarelix, goserelin and goserelin acetate.
The term "topoisomerase I inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to topotecan, irinotecan, 9-nitrocamptothecin and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate PNU-166148 (compound Al in WO99/17804).
The term "topoisomerase II inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to the anthracyc lines such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorubicin, the anthraquinones mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide and teniposide.
The term "microtubule active agent" relates to microtubule stabilizing and microtubule destabilizing agents including, but not limited to taxanes, e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel, vinca alkaloids, e.g., vinblastine, especially vinblastine sulfate, vincristine especially vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine, discodermolides and epothilones and derivatives thereof, e.g. epothilone B or a derivative thereof. The term "alkylating agent" as used herein includes, but is not limited to busulfan, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosourea (BCNU or Gliadel™).
The term "antineoplastic antimetabolite" includes, but is not limited to 5- fluorouracil, capecitabine, gemcitabine, cytarabine, fludarabine, thioguanine, methotrexate and edatrexate.
The term "platin compound" as used herein includes, but is not limited to carboplatin, cis-platin and oxaliplatin.
The term "compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity or further anti-angiogenic compounds" as used herein includes, but is not limited to protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinase inhibitors or lipid kinase inhibitors, e.g. compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo- or heterodimers), the vascular endothelial growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (NEGFR), the platelet-derived growth factor-receptors (PDGFR), the fibroblast growth factor-receptors (FGFR), the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R), the Trk receptor tyrosine kinase family, the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase family, the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase, the Kit/SCFR receptor tyrosine kinase, members of the c-Abl family and their gene- fusion products (e.g. BCR-Abl), members of the protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf family of serine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK, PDK or PI(3) kinase family, or of the PI(3)-kinase-related kinase family, and/or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) and anti-angiogenic compounds having another mechanism for their activity, e.g. unrelated to protein or lipid kinase inhibition.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of VEGFR are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit the NEGF receptor tyrosine kinase, inhibit a VEGF receptor or bind to NEGF, and are in particular those compounds, proteins or monoclonal antibodies generically and specifically disclosed in WO 98/35958, e.g. l-(4- chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g. the succinate, in WO 00/27820, e.g. a Ν-aryl(thio) anthranilic acid amide derivative e.g. 2-[(4-pyridyl)methyl]amino-N-[3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide or 2-[(l- oxido-4-pyridyl)methyl]amino-N-[3-trifluoromethylphenyl]benzamide, or in WO 00/09495, WO 00/59509, WO 98/11223, WO 00/27819 and EP 0 769 947; those as described by M. Prewett et al in Cancer Research 59 (1999) 5209-5218, by F. Yuan et al in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 93, pp. 14765-14770, Dec. 1996, by Z. Zhu et al in Cancer Res. 58, 1998, 3209-3214, and by J. Mordenti et al in Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 27, no. 1, pp 14-21, 1999; in WO 00/37502 and WO 94/10202; Angiostatin™, described by M. S. O'Reilly et al, Cell 79, 1994, 315-328; Endostatin™, described by M. S. O'Reilly et al, Cell 88, 1997, 277- 285; anthranilic acid amides; ZD4190; ZD6474; SU5416; SU6668; or anti-VEGF antibodies or anti-VEGF receptor antibodies,e.g. RhuMab.
By antibody is meant intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from at least 2 intact antibodies, and antibody fragments so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor family are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit members of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase family, e.g. EGF receptor, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4 or bind to EGF or EGF related ligands, or which have a dual inhibiting effect on the ErbB and VEGF receptor kinase and are in particular those compounds, proteins or monoclonal antibodies genetically and specifically disclosed in WO 97/02266, e.g. the compound of ex. 39, or in EP 0 564 409, WO 99/03854, EP 0520722, EP 0 566 226, EP 0 787 722, EP 0 837 063, US 5,747,498, WO 98/10767, WO 97/30034, WO 97/49688, WO 97/38983 and, especially, WO 96/30347 (e.g. compound known as CP 358774), WO 96/33980 (e.g. compound ZD 1839) and WO 95/03283 (e.g. compound ZM105180) or PCT/EP02/08780; e.g. trastuzumab (HerpetinR), cetuximab, Iressa, OSI-774, CI-1033, EKB- 569, GW-2016, El.l, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.l l, E6.3 or E7.6.3.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of PDGFR are especially compounds which inhibit the PDGF receptor, e.g. a N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, e.g. imatinib.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of c-Abl family members and their gene fusion products are, e.g. a N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, e.g. imatinib; PD180970; AG957; or NSC 680410. Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of protein kinase C, Raf,
MEK, SRC, JAK, FAK and PDK family members, or PI(3) kinase or PI(3) kinase-related family members, and or members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) are especially those staurosporine derivatives disclosed in EP 0 296 110, e.g. midostaurin; examples of further compounds include e.g. UCN-01, safingol, BAY 43-9006, Bryostatin 1, Perifosine; Ilmofosine; RO 318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; Isis 3521; or LY333531/LY379196.
Further anti-angiogenic compounds are e.g. thalidomide (THALOMID) and TNP- 470.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase are, e.g. inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, PTEN or CDC25, e.g. okadaic acid or a derivative thereof.
Compounds which induce cell differentiation processes are, e.g. retinoic acid, α-, γ- or δ-tocopherol or α-, γ- or δ-tocotrienol.
The term cyclooxygenase inhibitor as used herein includes, but is not limited to, e.g. celecoxib (CelebrexR), rofecoxib (VioxxR), etoricoxib, valdecoxib or a 5-alkyl-2- arylaminophenylacetic acid, e.g. 5-methyl-2-(2'-chloro-6'-fluoroanilino)phenyl acetic acid.
The term "histone deacetylase inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to MS-27-275, SAHA, pyroxamide, FR-901228 or valproic acid.
The term "bisphosphonates" as used herein includes, but is not limited to, etridonic, clodronic, tiludronic, pamidronic, alendronic, ibandronic, risedronic and zoledronic acid. The term "matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to collagen peptidomimetic and non-petidomimetic inhibitors, tetracycline derivatives, e.g. hydroxamate peptidomimetic inhibitor batimastat and its orally bioavailable analogue marimastat, prinomastat, BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211 or AAJ996.
The term "mTOR inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited to rapamycin (sirolimus) or a derivative thereof, e.g. 32-deoxorapamycin, 16-pent-2-ynyloxy- 32-deoxorapamycin, 16-pent-2-ynyloxy-32(S)-dihydro-rapamycin, 16-pent-2-ynyloxy- 32(S)-dihydro-40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin and, more preferably, 40-0-(2-hydroxy- ethyl)-rapamycin. Further examples of rapamycin derivatives include e.g. CCI779 or 40- [3- hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate]-rapamycin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as disclosed in USP 5,362,718, ABT578 or 40-(tetrazolyl)- rapamycin, particularly 40-epi-(tetrazolyi)-rapamycin, e.g. as disclosed in WO 99/15530, or rapalogs as disclosed e.g. in WO 98/02441 and WO01/14387, e.g. AP23573.
Where the compounds of Formula la or lb are administered in conjunction with other immunosuppressive / immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory or chemotherapeutic therapy, dosages of the co-administered immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory, anti- inflammatory or chemotherapeutic compound will of course vary depending on the type of co-drug employed, e.g. whether it is a steroid or a calcineurin inhibitor, on the specific drug employed, on the condition being treated and so forth.
In accordance with the foregoing the present invention provides in a yet further aspect:
5. A method as defined above comprising co-administration, e.g. concomitantly or in sequence, of a therapeutically effective non-toxic amount of a compound of Formula la or lb and at least a second drug substance, e.g. an immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory or chemotherapeutic drug, e.g. as indicated above. 6. A pharmaceutical combination, e.g. a kit, comprising a) a first agent which is a compound of Formula la or lb as disclosed herein, in free form or in pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, and b) at least one co-agent, e.g. an immunosuppressant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory or chemotherapeutic drug, e.g. as disclosed above. The kit may comprise instructions for its administration. The terms "co-administration" or "combined administration" or the like as utilized herein are meant to encompass administration of the selected therapeutic agents to a single patient, and are intended to include treatment regimens in which the agents are not necessarily administered by the same route of administration or at the same time.
The term "pharmaceutical combination" as used herein means a product that results from the mixing or combining of more than one active ingredient and includes both fixed and non-fixed combinations of the active ingredients. The term "fixed combination" means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of Formula la or lb and a co-agent, are both administered to a patient simultaneously in the form of a single entity or dosage. The term "non- fixed combination" means that the active ingredients, e.g. a compound of Formula la or lb and a co-agent, are both administered to a patient as separate entities either simultaneously, concurrently or sequentially with no specific time limits, wherein such administration provides therapeutically effective levels of the 2 compounds in the body of the patient. The latter also applies to cocktail therapy, e.g. the administration of 3 or more active ingredients.
Methods for Preparing Compounds of the Invention
The present invention also includes processes for the preparation of immunomodulatory compounds of the invention. In the reactions described, it can be necessary to protect reactive functional groups, for example hydroxy, amino, imino, thio or carboxy groups, where these are desired in the final product, to avoid their unwanted participation in the reactions. Conventional protecting groups can be used in accordance with standard practice, for example, see T.W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in "Protective
Groups in Organic Chemistry", John Wiley and Sons, 1991.
Compounds of Formula la, in which A is R5OC(O)- and R3 and R4 are hydrogen, can be prepared by proceeding as in the following reaction scheme:
Figure imgf000023_0001
in which W, Y, Z, R\, R2, and R5 are as defined for Formula la above. Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula 2 with a compound of formula 3 in the presence of a suitable solvent (e.g. methanol, and the like), a suitable base (e.g. triethylamine, and the like) and a suitable reducing agent (e.g. sodium borohydride). The reaction proceeds at a temperature of about 0 to about 60°C and can take up to about 48 hours to complete.
Compounds of Formula lb, in which A is R5OC(O)- and R3 and R4 are hydrogen, can be prepared by proceeding as in the following reaction scheme:
Figure imgf000024_0001
(4) (lb)
in which W, Y, Z, R1} R2, and R5 are as defined for Formula lb above. Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula 4 with a compound of formula 3 in the presence of a suitable solvent (e.g. methanol, and the like), a suitable base (e.g. triethylamine, and the like) and a suitable reducing agent (e.g. sodium borohydride). The reaction proceeds at a temperature of about 0 to about 60°C and can take up to about 48 hours to complete.
Additional Processes for Preparing Compounds of the Invention:
A compound of the invention can be prepared as a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt by reacting the free base form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid. Alternatively, a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of a compound of the invention can be prepared by reacting the free acid form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic base. Alternatively, the salt forms of the compounds of the invention can be prepared using salts of the starting materials or intermediates.
The free acid or free base forms of the compounds of the invention can be prepared from the corresponding base addition salt or acid addition salt from, respectively. For example a compound of the invention in an acid addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free base by treating with a suitable base (e.g., ammonium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide, and the like). A compound of the invention in a base addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding free acid by treating with a suitable acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, etc.). Compounds of the invention in unoxidized form can be prepared from N-oxides of compounds of the invention by treating with a reducing agent (e.g., sulfur, sulfur dioxide, triphenyl phosphine, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, phosphorus trichloride, tribromide, or the like) in a suitable inert organic solvent (e.g. acetonitrile, ethanol, aqueous dioxane, or the like) at 0 to 80°C.
Prodrug derivatives of the compounds of the invention can be prepared by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art (e.g., for further details see Saulnier et al., (1994), Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, p. 1985). For example, appropriate prodrugs can be prepared by reacting a non-derivatized compound of the invention with a suitable carbamylating agent (e.g., 1,1-acyloxyalkylcarbanochloridate, para-nitrophenyl carbonate, or the like).
Protected derivatives of the compounds of the invention can be made by means known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A detailed description of techniques applicable to the creation of protecting groups and their removal can be found in T W. Greene, "Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry", 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1999.
Compounds of the present invention can be conveniently prepared, or formed during the process of the invention, as solvates (e.g., hydrates). Hydrates of compounds of the present invention can be conveniently prepared by recrystallization from an aqueous/organic solvent mixture, using organic solvents such as dioxin, tetrahydrofuran or methanol.
Compounds of the invention can be prepared as their individual stereoisomers by reacting a racemic mixture of the compound with an optically active resolving agent to forma pair of diastereoisomeric compounds, separating the diastereomers and recovering the optically pure enantiomers. While resolution of enantiomers can be carried out using covalent diastereomeric derivatives of the compounds of the invention, dissociable complexes are preferred (e.g., crystalline diastereomeric salts). Diastereomers have distinct physical properties (e.g., melting points, boiling points, solubilities, reactivity, etc.) and can be readily separated by taking advantage of these dissimilarities. The diastereomers can be separated by chromatography, or preferable, by separation/resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility. The optically pure enantiomer is then recovered, along with the resolving agent, by any practical means that would not result in racemization. A more detailed description of the techniques applicable to the resolution of stereoisomers of compounds from the their racemic mixture can be found in Jean Jacques, Andre Collet, Samuel H. Wilen, "Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions", John Wiley And Sons, Inc., 1981.
In summary, the compounds of Formula la or lb can be made by a process, which involves: (a) reacting a compound of formula 2 or 4 with a compound of formula 3; and
(b) optionally converting a compound of the invention into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt;
(c) optionally converting a salt form of a compound of the invention to a non-salt form; (d) optionally converting an unoxidized form of a compound of the invention into a pharmaceutically acceptable N-oxide;
(e) optionally converting an N-oxide form of a compound of the invention to its unoxidized form;
(f) optionally resolving an individual isomer of a compound of the invention from a mixture of isomers;
(g) optionally converting a non-derivatized compound of the invention into a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug derivative; and
(h) optionally converting a prodrug derivative of a compound of the invention to its non-derivatized form. Insofar as the production of the starting materials is not particularly described, the compounds are known or can be prepared analogously to methods known in the art or as disclosed in the Examples hereinafter.
One of skill in the art will appreciate that the above transformations are only representative of methods for preparation of the compounds of the present invention, and that other well known methods can similarly be used.
EXAMPLES
The following examples provide detailed descriptions of the preparation of representative compounds and are offered to illustrate, but not to limit the present invention. Example 1
3- (4-r 1 -(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyll -benzylamino I -propionic acid
Figure imgf000027_0001
To a solution of l-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-ethanone (1 eq) in methanol is added O-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-hydroxylamine (1 eq) followed by the addition of acetic acid (0.05 eq). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. After concentrated, the residue is purified by column chromatography (30% EtOAc in hexane) to give l-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-ethanone O-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-oxime as an oil [MS: (ES+) 358.1 (M+l)+j\
A mixture of l-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-ethanone O-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyl)-oxime (1 eq), phenyl boronic acid (1.5 eq), Pd(OAc)2 (0.03 eq), phosphine ligand (0.06 eq) and KF (3 eq) in dry THF is heated at 100 °C in microwave for 30 minutes. The resulting mixture is diluted with EtOAc and washed with brine. The organic layer is dried over Na2SO4. After concentration, the residue is purified by column chromatography (30% EtOAc in hexane) to give l-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-ethanone O-(2-trifluoromethyl- biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-oxime as a white solid [MS: (ES+) 400.1 (M+l)+j\
To a suspension of MnO2 (10 eq) in dioxane is added l-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)- ethanone O-(2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-oxime (1 eq). The resulting mixture is refluxed for 10 minutes. After filtration and concentration, the residue is dissolved in MeOH and treated with β-alanine (2 eq) and Et3N (1.5 eq). The resulting mixture is heated at 50 °C for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, NaBH4 (3 eq) is added in portions. Purification by preparative LCMS results in 3-{4-[l-(2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid; Η NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.75 (t, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (t, J= 6.8 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (s, 2H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 7.26- 7.77 (m, 12H). MS: (ES+): 471.1 (M+l)+. Example 2
3-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl1-2-ethyl-benzylamino}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000028_0001
A mixture of 4-amino-3-ethyl-benzonitrile (5 mmol) and water (10 mL) is placed in a flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a thermometer probe. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.2 mL) is added slowly. After most of the solid is dissolved, ice (20 g) is added and the temperature is kept at 0°C using an ice-salt bath. To the stirred mixture is added a solution of sodium nitrite (5 mmol) in water (2.5 mL), dropwise. The mixture is stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes. A solution of hydrated sodium acetate in water is added to adjust the pH to neutral.
In a separate flask, a mixture of formaldoxime trimer hydrochloride (7.5 mmol), hydrated cupric sulfate (0.52 mmol), sodium sulfite (0.15 mmol) and a solution of sodium acetate (20 mmol) is prepared, and is cooled to 0°C. The mixture of the diazonium salt is slowly added to the above mixture. After addition, the mixture is stirred at 0°C for 1.5 hours, treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid (4.4 mL) and heated to reflux overnight.
The mixture is cooled to room temperature, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate layers are washed with a saturated aqueous NaHCO3, brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to give dark oil. 3-Ethyl-4-formyl-benzonitrile is isolated by column chromatography (EtOAc/Hexane gradient).
To a solution of 3-ethyl-4-formyl-benzonitrile (1.7 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) at 0°C is added NaBH4 (1.7 mmol). The mixture is stirred at 0°C for 0.5 hour, 5% citric acid (5 mL) is added and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The mixture is dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL), washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, and brine. The separated organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. 3-Ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl- benzonitrile is purified by column chromatography. To a solution of 3-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-benzonitrile (1.21 mmol) in dry THF under N2 is added methyl magnesium bromide (3.63 mmol, 3.0 M in diethyl ether). The mixture is heated to reflux overnight. The mixture is cooled, concentrated HC1 (10 mL) is added and the mixture is extracted with EtOAc. The combined EtOAc layers are washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and brine. The organic layer is separated, dried over
MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude product l-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)- ethanone is carried to the next step without further purification.
To a solution of l-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-ethanone (1 eq) in methanol is added O-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-hydroxylamine (1 eq) followed by the addition of acetic acid (0.05 eq). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. After concentration, the residue is purified by column chromatography (30% EtOAc in hexane) to give l-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-ethanone O-(4-cyclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-oxime as an oil [MS: (ES+) 434.2 (M+l)+].
To a suspension of MnO2 (10 eq) in dioxane is added l-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl- phenyl)-ethanone O-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-oxime (1 eq). The resulting mixture is refluxed for 10 minutes. After filtration and concentration, the residue is dissolved in MeOH and treated with β-alanine (2 eq) and Et3N (1.5 eq). The resulting mixture is heated at 50°C for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, NaBϊLt (3 eq) is added in portions. Purification by preparative LCMS results in 3-{4-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid; 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 1.25 (t, 3H), 1.45 (m, 5H), 1.85 (m, 5H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.79 (m, 4H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 3.36 (t, 2H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 5.26 (s, 2H) 7.42-7.68 (m, 6H). MS: (ES+): 505.3 (M+l)+.
Example 3
1 - (4-[ 1 -(4-Cvclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyll -azetidine-
3-carboxylic acid
Figure imgf000030_0001
To a suspension of MnO2 (10 eq) in dioxane is added l-(3-ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl- phenyl)-ethanone O-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-oxime (1 eq). The resulting mixture is refluxed for 10 minutes. After filtration and concentration, the residue is dissolved in MeOH and treated with azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (2 eq) and Et3N (1.5 eq). The resulting mixture is heated at 50°C for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, NaBH3CN (3 eq) is added in portions. Purification by preparative LCMS results in l-{4-[l- (4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3- carboxylic acid; Η NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 1.24 (t, 3H), 1.30-1.60 (m, 5H), 1.74-1.92 (m, 5H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.79 (q, 2H), 2.92 (m, 1H), 3.68 (m, 1H), 4.32 (m, 4H), 4.51 (s, 2H) 5.22 (s, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.50-7.68 (m, 5H). MS: (ES+): 517.3 (M+l)+.
Example 4
3-({2-Chloro-6-[l-(4-cvclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl1-pyridin-3- ylmethyll-aminoVpropionic acid
Figure imgf000030_0002
To a solution of l-(6-chloro-5-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone (1 eq) in CC14 is added NBS (1 eq) and BPO (0.1 eq). The mixture is refluxed for 12 hours. After concentration, l-(5-bromomethyl-6-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone is isolated by flash column chromatography. MS: (ES*): 247.9 (M+l)+. To a solution of 3-amino-propionic acid tert-butyl ester hydrochloride (1.5 eq) in DMF is added NaH (3.5 eq). The resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and a solution of l-(5-bromomethyl-6-chloro-pyridin-2-yl)-ethanone (1 eq) in DMF is then added. After stirring for 3 hours, it is partitioned with 20% EtOAc/hexane and H2O. The organic layer is washed with brine and dried. After concentration, 3-[(6-acetyl-2- chloro-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-propionic acid tert-butyl ester is isolated by flash column chromatography. MS: (ES+): 313.1 (M+l)+.
To a solution of 3-[(6-acetyl-2-chloro-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-propionic acid tert-butyl ester (1 eq) in methanol is added O-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)- hydroxylamine (1 eq) followed by the addition of acetic acid (0.05 eq). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. After concentration, the residue is purified by column chromatography to give 3-({2-chloro-6-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid tert-butyl ester. MS: (ES+) 568.3 (M+l)+. The tert-butyl group is subsequently removed by treatment with TFA DCM (1/1) at room temperature. The final compound 3-({2-chloro-6-[l-(4- cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid is purified by preparative LCMS. Η NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 1.28-1.60 (m, 5H), 1.71-1.92 (m, 5H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.79 (t, 2H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 3.38 (t, 2H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.50-7.68 (m, 3H), 7.94 (s, 2H). MS: (ES+): 512.2 (M+l)+.
Example 5
3-( {6-r 1 -(4-Cvclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino -ethyl1-2-ethyl-pyridin-3- ylmethvU-aminoVpropionic acid
Figure imgf000031_0001
A mixture of 3-[(6-acetyl-2-chloro-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-propionic acid tert- butyl ester (1 eq), tributyl-vinyltin (1.2 eq), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.05 eq), and LiCl (3 eq) in dioxane is heated at 100°C for 12 hours. The reaction mixture is diluted with EtOAc and stirred together with aqueous KF for 10 minutes. It is then filtered through celite and the organic layer is washed with brine. After concentration, the residue is purified by flash column chromatography to give 3-[(6-cetyl-2-vinyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-propionic acid tert- butyl ester. MS: (ES+): 305.2 (M+l)+. The above compound is dissolved in EtOH and hydrogenated in the presence of
10%) Pd-C. After filtration and concentration, the crude product 3-[(6-acetyl-2-ethyl-pyridin- 3-ylmethyl)-amino]-propionic acid tert-butyl ester is used directly in the next step without further purification.
To a solution of 3-[(6-acetyl-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-amino]-propionic acid tert-butyl ester (1 eq) in methanol is added O-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)- hydroxylamine (1 eq) followed by the addition of acetic acid (0.05 eq). The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. After concentration, the residue is purified by column chromatography to give 3-({6-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)- ethyl]-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid tert-butyl ester. MS: (ES+) 562.3 (M+l)+. The tert-butyl group is subsequently removed by treatment with TFA/DCM (1/1) at room temperature. The final compound 3-({6-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid is purified by preparative LCMS. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 1.30-1.62 (m, 8H), 1.72-1.91 (m, 5H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.78 (t, 2H), 2.94 (m, 3H), 3.37 (t, 2H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 7.51-7.80 (m, 5H). MS: (ES+): 506.3 (M+l)+.
By repeating the procedure described in the above examples, using appropriate starting materials, the following compounds of Formula la or lb can be synthesized (Table
1).
TABLE 1
Figure imgf000032_0001
Figure imgf000033_0001
Figure imgf000034_0001
Figure imgf000035_0001
Figure imgf000036_0001
Figure imgf000037_0001
Figure imgf000038_0001
Figure imgf000039_0001
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000041_0001
Figure imgf000042_0001
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
Example 6 Compounds of Formula la or lb Exhibit Biological Activity A. In vitro; GPCR activation assay measuring GTP fγ-35Sl binding to membranes prepared from CHO cells expressing human EDG receptors
EDG-1 (SIP]) GTP [γ-35S] binding assay: Homogenized membranes are prepared from CHO cell clones stably expressing a human EDG-1 N-terminal c-myc tag. Cells are grown in suspension in two 850 cm2 roller bottles for three or fours days before harvesting. The cells are centrifuged down, washed once with cold PBS, and resuspended in .20 ml of Buffer A (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 10 mM EDTA, EDTA-free complete protease inhibitor cocktail [1 tablet/25 ml]). The cell suspension is homogenized on ice, using a Polytron homogenizer at 30000 rpm at three intervals of 15 seconds each. The homogenate is first centrifuged at 2000 rpm on a tabletop low speed centrifuge for 10 minutes. The supernatant, after passing through a cell strainer, is then re-centrifuged at 50,000 x g for 25 minutes at 4°C. The pellet is resuspended into buffer B (15% glycerol, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 0.1 mM EDTA, EDTA-free complete protease inhibitor cocktail [1 tablet/10 ml]). Protein concentration of the prep is determined using the BCA Protein Assay kit (Pierce) using BSA as standard. The membranes are aliquoted and kept frozen at -80°C.
Solutions of test compounds ranging from lOmM to 0.0 InM are prepared in DMSO. SIP is diluted in 4% BSA solution as positive controls. The desired amount of membrane prep is diluted with ice-cold assay buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.1 % Fatty acid-free BSA, 5 μM GDP) and vortexed well. 2 μl or less of compound is distributed into each well of a round-bottom 96-well polystyrene assay plate, followed by addition of 100 μl of diluted membranes (3-10 μg/well) and kept on ice until the addition of hot GTPγS. [35S]-GTPγS is diluted 1 : 1000 (v/v) with cold assay buffer and 100 μl is added into each well. The reaction is carried out at room temperature for 90 minutes before the membranes are harvested onto Perkin-Elmer Unifilter® GF/B-96 filter plate using a Packard Filtermate Harvester. After several washes with wash buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2), and a rinse with 95% ethanol, the filter is dried in a 37°C oven for 30 minutes. MicroScint-20 is added and the plate sealed for scintillation counting on TopCount. EC50 values are obtained by fitting the GTP [γ-35S] binding curves (raw data) with the dose response curve- fitting tool of GraphPad Prism. Six or twelve different concentrations are used to generate a concentration response curve (using three data points per concentration). EDG-3,-5,-6 and -8 GTP [γ-35S] binding assays are carried out in a comparable manner to the EDG-1 GTP [γ-35S] binding assay using membranes from CHO cells stably expressing c-terminal c-myc tagged or untagged receptors. For each membrane preparation, titration experiments are first run with SIP control to determine the optimal amount of membranes to be added per assay well. Compounds of the invention were tested according to the above assay and were observed to exhibit selectivity for the EDG-1 receptor. For example, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-cvclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl- benzylamino I -propionic acid (example 2) has an EC50 of 0.8 nM in the above assay and is at least 1000 fold selective for EDG-1 compared to one or more of the other receptors including EDG-3, EDG-5, EDG-6 and EDG-8. Similarly, l-(4-ri-r4-Cvclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl1-2-ethyl-benzv -azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (example 3) has an EC50 of 0.2 nM in the above assay and is at least 1000 fold selective for EDG-1 compared to one or more of the other receptors including EDG-3, EDG-5, EDG-6 and EDG-8. B. In vitro: FLIPR calcium flux assay
Compounds of the invention are tested for agonist activity on EDG-1, EDG-3, EDG-5, and EDG-6 with a FLIPR calcium flux assay. Briefly, CHO cells expressing an EDG receptor are maintained in F-12K medium (ATCC), containing 5% FBS, with 500ug/ml of G418. Prior to the assay, the cells are plated in 384 black clear bottom plates at the density of 10,000 cells/well/25μl in the medium of F-12K containing 1% FBS. The second day, the cells are washed three times (25 μl/each) with washing buffer. About 25 μl of dye are added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C and 5% CO2. The cells are then washed four times with washing buffer (25 μl/each). The calcium flux is assayed after adding 25 μl of SEQ2871 solution to each well of cells. The same assay is performed with cells expressing each of the different EDG receptors. Titration in the FLEPR calcium flux assay is recorded over a 3 -minute interval, and quantitated as maximal peak height percentage response relative to EDG-1 activation. C. In vivo: Screening Assays for measurement of blood lymphocyte depletion and assessment of heart effect
Measurement of circulating lymphocytes: Compounds are dissolved in DMSO and diluted to obtain a final concentration of 4% DMSO (v/v, final concentration) and then further diluted in a constant volume of Tween80 25%/H2O, v/v. Tween80 25%/H2O (200 μl), 4% DMSO, and FTY720 (10μg) are included as negative and positive controls, respectively. Mice (C57bl/6 male, 6-10 week-old) are administered 250-300 μL of compound solution orally by gavages under short isoflurane anesthesia.
Blood is collected from the retro-orbital sinus 6 and 24 hours after drug administration under short isoflurane anesthesia. Whole blood samples are subjected to hematology analysis. Peripheral lymphocyte counts are determined using an automated analyzer. Subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes are stained by fluorochrome- conjugated specific antibodies and analyzed using a fluorescent activating cell sorter (Facscalibur). Two mice are used to assess the lymphocyte depletion activity of each compound screened. The result is an ED50, which is defined as the effective dose required displaying 50 % of blood lymphocyte depletion. Compounds of the invention were tested according to the above assay and were preferably found to exhibit an ED50 of less than lmg/kg, more preferably an ED50 of less than 0.5 mg/kg. For example, 3-(4-[l-(4- cvclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino')-ethyl1-2-ethyl-benzylamino)-propionic acid (example 2) exhibits an ED50 of 0.07 mg/kg. Further, l-(4-ri-f4-Cvclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino -ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzvU-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (example 3) exhibits and ED50 of 0.1 mg/kg.
Assessment of Heart Effect: The effects of compounds on cardiac function are monitored using the AnonyMOUSE ECG screening system. Electrocardiograms are recorded in conscious mice (C57bl/6 male, 6-10 week-old) before and after compound administration. ECG signals are then processed and analyzed using the e-MOUSE software. 90 μg of compound further diluted in 200μl water, 15% DMSO are injected IP, Four mice are used to assess the heart effect of each compound. D: In vivo: Anti-angiogenic Activity
Porous chambers containing (i) sphingosine-1 -phosphate (5 μM/chamber) or (ii) human VEGF (1 μg/chamber) in 0.5 ml of 0.8% w/v agar (containing heparin, 20 U/ml) are implanted subcutaneously in the flank of mice. SIP or VEGF induces the growth of vascularized tissue around the chamber. This response is dose-dependent and can be quantified by measuring the weight and blood content of the tissue. Mice are treated once a day orally or intravenously with a compound of Formula la or lb starting 4-6 hours before implantation of the chambers and continuing for 4 days. The animals are sacrificed for measurement of the vascularized tissues 24 hours after the last dose. The weight and blood content of the vascularized tissues around the chamber is determined. Animals treated with a compound of Formula la or lb show reduced weight and/or blood content of the vascularized tissues compared to animals treated with vehicle alone. Compounds of Formula la or lb are anti-angiogenic when administered at a dose of about 0.3 to about 3mg/kg.
E: In vitro: Antitumor Activity A mouse breast cancer cell line originally isolated from mammary carcinomas is used, e.g. JygMC(A). The cell number is adjusted to 5x105 for plating in fresh medium before the procedure. Cells are incubated with fresh medium containing 2.5mM of thymidine without FCS for 12 hours and then washed twice with PBS, followed by addition of fresh medium with 10% FCS and additionally incubated for another 12 hours. Thereafter the cells are incubated with fresh medium containing 2.5mM of thymidine without FCS for 12 hours. To release the cells from the block, the cells are washed twice with PBS and replated in fresh medium with 10% FCS. After synchronization, the cells are incubated with or without various concentrations of a compound of Formula la or lb for 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 or 24 hours. The cells are harvested after treatment with 0.2% EDTA, fixed with ice-cold 70% ethanol solution, hydrolyzed with 250μg/ml of RNaseA (type 1-A: Sigma Chem. Co.) at 37°C for 30 minutes and stained with propidium iodide at lOmg/ml for 20 minutes. After the incubation period, the number of cells is determined both by counting cells in a Coulter counter and by the SRB colorimetric assay. Under these conditions compounds of Formula la or lb inhibit the proliferation of the tumor cells at concentrations ranging from 10"12 to 10"6 M. It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and understanding of this application and scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.

Claims

WE CLAIM
A compound selected from Formula la and lb:
Figure imgf000050_0001
in which:
A is chosen from -C(O)OR5, -OP(O)(OR5)2, -P(O)(OR5)2, -S(O)2OR5, -
P(O)(R5)OR5 and lH-tetrazol-5-yl; wherein each R5 is independently chosen from hydrogen and Cι-6alkyl; W is chosen from a bond, Cι-3alkylene, C2-3alkenylene;
Y is chosen from C6-ι0aryl and C2-9heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of Y can be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 radicals chosen from halo, hydroxy, nitro, d. 6alkyl, Cι-6alkoxy, halo-substituted Cι-6alkyl and halo-substituted C^aU-oxy;
Z is chosen from:
Figure imgf000051_0001
wherein the left and right asterisks of Z indicate the point of attachment between - C(R3)(Rt)- and A of Formula la or lb, respectively; Re is chosen from hydrogen and Ci. 6alkyl; and Ji and J2 are independently methylene or a heteroatom chosen from S, O and NR5; wherein R5 is chosen from hydrogen and Cι-6alkyl; and any alkylene of Z can be further substituted by one to three radicals chosen from halo, hydroxy, Cι-6alkyl; or R$ can be attached to a carbon atom of Y to form a 5-7 member ring;
Ri is chosen from C6-ι0aryl and C2-9heteroaryl; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of Ri is optionally substituted by a radical chosen from C6-ιoarylCo-4alkyl, C2.9heteroarylCo. 4alkyl, C -8cycloalkylC0-4alkyl, C3-8heterocycloalkylC0-4alkyl or Ci-βalkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of Ri can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, Cι-6alkyl, Ci-βalkoxy, halo-substituted-Cι-6alkyl and halo- substituted-Cι-6alkoxy; and any alkyl group of Rj can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2- -NR5- and -O-; wherein R5 is chosen from hydrogen or C1-6alkyl;
R2 is chosen from hydrogen, C2.6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl and halo substituted Cι-6alkyl; R3 and R4 are independently chosen from hydrogen, C^alkyl, halo, hydroxy,
Cι-6alkoxy, halo-substituted C1-6alkyl and halo-substituted Cι-6alkoxy; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates, isomers and prodrugs thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 in which Ri is phenyl, naphthyl or thienyl optionally substituted by C6-1oarylC0-4alkyl, C2-9heteroarylC0-4alkyl, C3-8cycloalkylC0-4alkyl, C . 8heterocycloalkylC0-4alkyl or Cι-6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of Ri can be optionally substituted by one to five radicals chosen from halo, d-όalkyl, d-όalkoxy, halo-substituted-Cι-6alkyl and halo-substituted-d-όalkoxy; and any alkyl group of R1 can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2- -NR5- and -O-; wherein R5 is hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl.
3. The compound of claim 1 in which Y is chosen from:
Figure imgf000052_0001
wherein R7 is hydrogen or Cι-6alkyl; and the left and right asterisks of Y indicate the point of attachment a) either between -C(R2)=NOWRι and the -CR3R4-, or between -CR^- and - C(R2)=NOWRι of Formula la, respectively, or b) either between -CR^- and W or between W and -CR^- of Formula lb, respectively; wherein any aryl or heteroaryl of Y can be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 radicals chosen from halo, hydroxy, nitro, Cι-6alkyl, Ci-βalkoxy, halo-substituted C1-6alkyl and halo-substituted d.6alkoxy.
4. The compound of claim 1 in which Ri is chosen from:
and
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000053_0002
wherein the asterisk is the point of attachment of R] with W; Rg is Cδ-ioarylCo- 4alkyl, C2-9heteroarylCo-4alkyl, C3.8cycloalkylC0-4alkyl, d-sheterocycloalkylCo^alkyl or d- 6alkyl; wherein any aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group of R8 can be optionally substituted by one to three radicals chosen from halo, Ci-βalkyl, C1-6alkoxy, halo- substituted-Cι-6alkyl and halo-substituted-Cι-6alkoxy; and any alkyl group of R8 can optionally have a methylene replaced by an atom or group chosen from -S-, -S(O)-, - S(O)2- -NR5- and -O-; wherein R5 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; and R9 is chosen from halo, Cι-6alkyl, Cι-6alkoxy, halo-substituted-Cι-6alkyl and halo-substituted-C1-6alkoxy.
5. The compound of claim 1 in which A is -C(O)OH; Z is chosen from:
Figure imgf000053_0003
wherein the left and right asterisks of Z indicate the point of attachment between - C(R3)(R4)- and A of Formula la or lb, respectively; Rό is chosen from hydrogen and Ci. alkyl; and R3 and R4 are both hydrogen.
6. The compound of claim 5 in which Y is chosen from phenyl, pyridinyl, thienyl and furanyl; wherein any phenyl, pyridinyl, thienyl or furanyl of Y is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 radicals chosen from methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, chloro, bromo, fluoro and methoxy; or where Y is phenyl, R$ can be attached to a carbon atom of Y to form 3,4-dihydro-lH-isoquinolin-2-yl.
The compound of claim 6 in which W is a bond or methylene; Ri is chosen from:
Figure imgf000054_0001
wherein R8 is chosen from phenyl, cyclohexyl, thienyl, 3, 3 -dimethyl-butyl, pyridinyl, cyclopentyl and piperidinyl; wherein R8 can be optionally substituted by 1 to 3 radicals chosen from trifiuoromethyl, methoxy, fluoro, triflouromethoxy and methyl; and R9 is chosen from trifiuoromethyl, fluoro, methyl, chloro, methoxy and ethyl.
8. The compound of claim 6 chosen from: 3-{4-[l-(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl- 4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(4- Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3- carboxylic acid, 3-({2-Chloro-6-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid, 3-({6-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl} -amino)-propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 - (Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 4- {4-[ 1 -(Biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -butyric acid, 1- {4-[l-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)- ethyl]-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, l-{4-[l-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzyl}-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, {4-[l-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -acetic acid, 3-{4-[l-(Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}- cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, 3- {4-[l-(4'-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)- ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3- {4-[l-(5-Phenyl-furan-2-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(3'-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)- ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(3-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4'-Methoxy-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(Biphenyl-3- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-Thiophen-2-yl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Thiophen-2-yl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4'-Fluoro- biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4'- Trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4- [l-(3'-Trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzyl}-azetidine-3- carboxylic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzyl} - pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)- ethyl]-benzyl}-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3-{4-[l-(3'-Methoxy-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 2-Hydroxy-3- {4-[l-(2- trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l- (4'-Methyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3- {4-[l-(4- Phenyl-thiophen-2-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, l-{4-[l- (Biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyι]-benzyl} -pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4- Furan-3-yl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Thiophen-3-yl- 3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-
Thiophen-3-yl-2-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 2- Fluoro-3-{4-[l-(2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}- propionic acid, 3- {4-[l-(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -butyric acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(5-Phenyl-thiophen-2-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(3-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4'-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ l-(4'-Methyl-2- trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 - (4-Furan-2-yl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4- [l-(2,-Fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-(4- { 1 -[4-(3 ,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino]-ethyl} - benzylamino)-propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-Furan-3-yl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)- ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[l-(4-Pyridin-3-yl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Pyridin-4-yl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(2-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino } -propionic acid, 3 -( {2-Methoxy-6- [ 1 -(2-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4- ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl- 3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4- Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {2- Bromo-4-[ 1 -(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} - propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-Cyclopentyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {2-Chloro-4-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino } -propionic acid, 3 -( {6-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-3-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid, 3-({5- [1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-thiophen-2-ylmethyl} -amino)- propionic acid, 3-({5-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-2- ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid, 3-({5-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-furan-2-ylmethyl} -amino)-propionic acid, 3-( {2-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl- 3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-pyridin-4-ylmethyl}-amino)-propionic acid, 3- {4- [1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-fluoro-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {2- Chloro-4-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}- propionic acid, 1 - {6-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl- pyridin-3-ylmethyl} -azetidine-3 -carboxylic acid, 3 - {2-Ethyl-4-[ 1 -(4-piperidin- 1 -yl-3 - trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzylamino}-propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4- Cyclohexyl-3-methyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4- [ 1 -(3-Chloro-4-cyclohexyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-methoxy-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(4-Cyclohexyl-3-methoxy-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl} -azetidine- 3-carboxylic acid, 3- {4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2- methyl-benzylamino} -propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-methyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4- Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-cyclopropyl-benzylamino}- propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2- cyclopropyl-benzyl} -azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3- {2-Ethyl-4-[ 1 -(2-trifluoromethyl- biphenyl-4-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl] -benzylamino} -propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3- ethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl} -azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 1 - {4-[ 1 -(4- Cyclohexyl-3-methyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 1 - {2-Chloro-4-[ 1 -(4-cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzyl} -azetidine-3- carboxylic acid, 3-{2-Chloro-4-[l-(4-cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]- benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)- ethyl]-2-fluoro-benzylamino}-propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-triflύoromethyl- benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-fluoro-benzyl} -azetidine-3-carboxylic acid, 3- {6-[ 1 -(4- Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-lH-isoquinolin-2-yl}- propionic acid, 3-{6-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-lH- isoquinolin-2-yl} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 -(2-Trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)- ethylideneaminooxymethyl]-benzylamino}-ρropionic acid, 3-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3- trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylideneaminooxymethyl]-benzylamino} -propionic acid, 3- {4-[ 1 - (4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-ethylideneaminooxymethyl]-2-ethyl- benzylamino} -propionic acid, l-{4-[l-(4-Cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)- ethylideneaminooxymethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid and l-{4-[l-(4- Cyclohexyl-3-ethyl-phenyl)-ethylideneaminooxymethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl} -azetidine-3- carboxylic acid.
9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
10. A method for treating a disease in an animal in which alteration of EDG/S1P receptor mediated signal transduction can prevent, inhibit or ameliorate the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease, which method comprises administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.
11. A method for preventing or treating disorders or diseases mediated by lymphocytes, for preventing or treating acute or chronic transplant rejection or T-cell mediated inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, for inhibiting or controlling deregulated angiogenesis, or for preventing or treating diseases mediated by a neo-angiogenesis process or associated with deregulated angiogenesis in a subject comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of claims 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. The use of a compound of claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease in an animal in which alteration of EDG/SIP receptor mediated signal transduction contributes to the pathology and/or symptomology of the disease.
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