WO2004102104A1 - System and method for measuring weight of deposit on boiler superheaters - Google Patents
System and method for measuring weight of deposit on boiler superheaters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004102104A1 WO2004102104A1 PCT/IB2004/001565 IB2004001565W WO2004102104A1 WO 2004102104 A1 WO2004102104 A1 WO 2004102104A1 IB 2004001565 W IB2004001565 W IB 2004001565W WO 2004102104 A1 WO2004102104 A1 WO 2004102104A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- load
- deposit
- sensors
- weight
- readings
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004616 Pyrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to recovery boilers and in particular to a method and apparatus for measuring the amount of fouling (ash buildup) on the superheaters of the recovery boilers used with the kraft pulping process.
- the superheater is constructed of an array of tube panels.
- the superheater surface is continually being fouled by ash that is being carried out of the furnace chamber.
- the amount of black liquor that can be burned in a kraft recovery boiler is often limited by the rale and extent of fouling on the surfaces of the superheater. This fouling reduces the heat absorbed from the liquor combustion, resulting in low exit steam temperatures from the superheaters and high gas temperatures entering the boiler.
- Boiler shutdown for cleaning is required when either the exit steam temperature is too low for use in downstream equipment or the temperature entering the boiler bank exceeds the melting temperature of the deposits, resulting in gas side pluggage of the boiler bank.
- Kraft recovery boilers are particularly prone to the problem of superheater fouling, due to the high quantity of ash in the fuel (typically more than 35%) and the low melting temperature of the ash.
- Sootblowing is the process of blowing ash deposit off the superheater with a blast of steam from nozzles called sootblowers. Sootblowing occurs essentially continuously during normal boiler operation, with different sootblowers turned on at different times. Sootblowing reduces boiler efficiency, since 5-10% of the boiler's steam is typically used for sootblowing. Each sootblowing operation reduces a portion of the nearby ash deposit, but the ash deposit nevertheless continues to build up over time. As the deposit grows, sootblowing becomes gradually less effective and results in impairment of the heat transfer.
- the third cleaning process, waterwashing entails complete boiler shutdown for typically two days, causing significant loss in pulping capacity at a mill. In a heavily fouled recovery boiler, it may be required every four months, but if the chill-and-blow process is properly timed (i.e. before large deposits form in the boiler bank section), then the shutdown and waterwashing can be avoided for even a year or longer.
- the prior art methods of determining the amount of deposit on superheater sections of kraft recovery boilers, or the timing of cleaning are based on indirect measurements, such as the temperature increase of gas exiting the boiler, the temperature decrease of steam, heal transfer, enthalpy, or the pressure drop increase over the gas side (combustion section as opposed to the watcr/stcam side) of the boiler.
- the following patents disclose methods to assess the liming and efficacy of removing ash deposit by measuring factors affected by the deposit, but not by measuring the deposit weight.
- Nos.4,454,840 and 539,840 disclose a method of identifying a parameter of a model for rate of loss of fossil fuel boiler efficiency due to a sootblowing operation, based on time since a last sootblowing in a heat transfer surface (convection-pass surface such as superheater and economizer) in question, overall boiler efficiency at the beginning of the sootblowing, and change in efficiency due to the sootblowing.
- a heat transfer surface convection-pass surface such as superheater and economizer
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,718,376 discloses a method for controlling sootblowing in a chemical recovery boiler, entailing instrumentation that indicates the change in heat transfer characteristics over time due to fouling, such as by measuring the change in flue gas temperature and pressure drop across the tube bank and change in enthalpy of water or steam in the tube bank.
- the instrumentation is related to changes in boiler operating characteristics over time, such as steam rate, feed water rate, fuel firing rate or change in flue gas composition.
- U.S Pat. No.4,488,516 discloses a soot blower system for a fossil fuel fired steam generator comprising soot blowers selectively operable to clean ash from furnace chamber walls in direct response to the local heat transfer rate sensed by heat flux meters mounted to the furnace wall in the region surrounding each soot blower.
- the prior art techniques each have one or more of the following problems. First, the techniques of the prior art require the use of expensive and/or delicate equipment which can require recalibration. Also, they arc affected by many boiler parameters (such as boiler load), and mathematical corrections for these interfering parameters are not precise, The prior art methods cannot be used when the boiler is partially or fully shut down for cleaning.
- the deposit weight, the optimum time for applying a cleaning process, and the effectiveness of the cleaning process displayed in real-time could be determined much more precisely if the weight of superheater deposit were measured directly.
- U.S. Patent No. 6,323,442 discloses a process for directly measuring the weight of deposit on a superheater by incorporating strain sensors onto hanger rods within the boiler.
- the strain sensors arc incoiporatcd into a logic circuit, which processes the information and displays the calculations to the boiler operator.
- strain sensors arc not as accurate nor as durable as other load sensors. The time and expense of replacing strain sensors contributes to downtime and inefficiency.
- One method for obtaining more accurate readings is to design a system that includes more reliable sensors, such as load sensors. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a durable apparatus and method for directly measuring the amount of superheater deposit in a kraft recovery boiler.
- It is another object of the present invention is to provide a durable apparatus and method for determining the optimum timing for applying the chill-and-blow process and waterwashing process, It is still another object of the present invention is to provide a durable apparatus and method for aiding a boiler operator during a cleaning operation to determine the optimum procedure and duration for cleaning.
- the present invention relates to a method and system for directly and accurately measuring a weight of a deposit that forms on a tube bank that is independently-suspended by one or more hanger rods within a boiler such as a kraft recovery boiler.
- the system is characterized by having one or more load sensor, such as a load cell, attached within the supporting structure of a recovery boiler.
- the load sensor is positioned between the tensioning nut and the support structure of the hanger rod.
- the recovery boiler may alternatively include sti'ain sensors, such as strain gages, with each strain sensor being affixed to a separate hanger rod.
- the number of strain sensors and load sensors can be the same or less than the number of hanger rods.
- the strain sensors and load sensors are, preferably, connected to a logic circuit for reading strain and load values from the sensors and calculating the weight of the deposit as a function of the values read.
- the logic circuit preferably, calculates the weight of the deposit as the sum of the strain and load sensor readings currently obtained from the sensors minus the sum of the strain and load readings obtained from the sensors just after a previous washdown, all multiplied by a calibration factor.
- the logic circuit then calculates a cleaning index which equals the weight of the deposit divided by a predetermined threshold weight.
- the logic circuit displays the weight of the deposit and the cleaning index.
- the method or system can include one or more temperature sensors, each being affixed to a separate hanger rod close to a strain sensor and electrically connected to the logic circuit.
- the logic circuit uses temperature readings from the temperature sensors to mathematically correct the strain and load sensor readings for temperature effects.
- FIG. 1 A shows the components of a typical kraft black liquor recovery boiler system.
- FIG. IB illustrates how the recovery boiler is mounted in a steel beam support structure.
- FIG. 1C shows some of the components of the superheater system 1 JO.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the load sensor application to a superheater fouling monitor
- FIG. 1 A illustrates the components of a typical kraft black liquor recovery boiler system 100.
- Black liquor is a by-product of chemical pulping in the paper-making process.
- the initial concentration of "weak black liquor” is about 15%. It is concentrated to firing conditions (65% to 85% dry solids content) in an evaporator 120, and then burned in a recovery boiler 110.
- the boiler 110 has a furnace section, or "furnace” 112 , where the black liquor is burned, and a convective heat transfer section 114, with a buUnose 116 in between.
- Combustion converts the black liquor's organic material into gaseous products in a series of processes involving drying, devolalilizing (pyrolyzing, molecular cracking), and char- burning gasification.
- Some of the liquid organics are burned to a solid carbon paniculate called char. Burning of the char occurs largely on a char bed 118 which covers the floor of the furnace 112, though some char bums in flight.
- the inorganic compounds in the char are released and form a molten salt mixture called smelt, which flows to the bottom of the char bed 118, and is continuously tapped from the furnace 112 through smelt spouts 122.
- Exhaust gases are filtered through an electrostatic precipitator 124, and exit through a stack 125.
- the vertical walls 126 of the furnace are lined with vertically aligned wall tubes 127, through which water is evaporated from the heat of the furnace 112,
- the furnace 112 has primary level air ports 128, secondary level air ports 130, and tertiary level air ports 132 for introducing air for combustion at three different height levels.
- the heat transfer section 114 contains the following three sets of tube banks (heat traps) which successively, in stages, heat the feedwater to superheated steam: 1) an economizer 136, in which the feedwater is heated to just below its boiling point, 2) the boiler bank 138 (or “steam generating bank”), in which, along with the wall tubes 127, the water is evaporated to steam, and 3) a superheater system 150, which increases the steam temperature from saturation to the final superheat temperature.
- tube banks heat traps
- FIG. IB illustrates how the recovery boiler 110 is mounted in a steel beam support structure 140, showing only the boiler's profile and components that are of current interest.
- the entire recovery boiler 110 is suspended in the middle of the support structure 140 by boiler hanger rods 142.
- the boiler hanger rods 142 are connected between the roof 144 of the boiler 110 and the overhead beams 146 of the support structure 140.
- Another set of hanger rods hereinafter called “superheater hanger rods” or simply “hanger rods” 152, suspend only the superheater system 150. That is, the superheater system 150 is suspended independently from the rest of the boiler 110.
- the open-air area between the boiler roof 144 and the overhead beams 146 is called the penthouse 148.
- FIG. 1C illustrates some of the components of the superheater system 150 which are independently suspended within the boiler 110.
- the superheater system 150 in this embodiment has three superheaters 154,155,156. While three superheaters are shown, it is within the terms of the invention to incorporate more superheaters as needed.
- the following discussion describes the construction of superheater 154 or speaks in terms of superheater 154, with the understanding that the construction of the oilier superheaters 155,156 is the same.
- Each superheater 154, 155,156 has typically 20-50 platens 158. Steam enters the platens
- the platens 158 through a manifold tube called an inlet header 160, is superheated within the platens, and exits the platens as superheated steam through another manifold tube called an outlet header 162.
- the platens 158 are suspended from the headers 160,162, which are themselves suspended from the overhead beams 146 (FIG. IB) by hanger rods 152, Typically, 10-20 hanger rods 152 are evenly spaced along the length of each header 160,162, affixed by conventional means, such as welding, to the header below and to the overhead beam 146 above, as described below.
- the superheater 154 has typically 20 hanger rods 152, 10 hanger rods for the inlet header 160 and 10 hanger rods for the outlet header 162.
- Each hanger rod 152 has a threaded top around which a tension nut is turned to adjust the rod's tension.
- the tension of each hanger rod 152 is adjusted typically after every 1-3 waterwashings to keep the tension uniform (balanced) among all the hanger rods of a single superheater 154.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the addition of a load sensor 168 into each superheater 154, 155, 156.
- the load sensor 168 is positioned between the support structure 140 and a tension nut 167.
- the tension nut 167 serves to keep the tension balanced among all the hanger rods 152 of a single superheater 154.
- the tension of the hanger rod 152 is maintained by the tension nut 167 and its relationship to the support structure 140.
- a load sensor 168 positioned between the tension nut 167 and the support structure 140 serves to measure the load exerted on the support structure 140. Because the support structure 140 supports the platens 158 of each superheater 154, 155, 156, the force exerted on the support structure 140 contributes to the overall load on the system.
- a specific load sensor includes a load cell
- a specific strain sensor includes a strain gage.
- each superheater 154 weighs typically 5000 kg, and each superheater hanger rod 152 carries a load of typically 5000 kg.
- deposits (fouling) add an additional weight on each superheater 154 of typically 2000 kg, resulting in an additional load on each hanger rod 152 of typically 2000 kg, resulting in an additional strain on each hanger rod of typically 5.0 xlO *5 cm/cm, which is measurable by commonly available methods, such as with a strain sensor 166, The weight is measured directly by the load sensor 168.
- the strain (after zeroing off the strain that was readjust after the previous washdown), summed over all the hanger rods 152 suspending a superheater 154, is proportional to the weight of the deposit on that superheater.
- Each additional kg of deposit yields an additional strain of typically 2.0 x 10 "8 cm/cm, which is measurable by conventional strain sensors, such as strain gages 166.
- the weight of the deposit on each superheater 154 can be directly determined by measuring the strain on its corresponding hanger rods 152. With load cells, the weight on the superheater can be measured directly by the load cell by determining the difference between the indicated weight when the superheaters are clean and when deposits form on the superheater surfaces.
- a typical system for determining deposit weight on a single superheater 154 might comprise twenty (20) strain gages 166 affixed to the twenty (20) hanger rods 152 (or twenty (20) load cells 168 placed between the tensioning nut 167 and support structure 140), respectively, of the superheater, a computer having data acquisition capability (not shown) connected to the 60 stain gages 166 or load cells 168, and a computer program.
- calibration factor I for load cells
- a more useful and meaningful value than deposit weight for a boiler operator is a "watcrwash index", determined separately for each superheater 154,155,156, which is a measure of how far along the superheater is to needing a complete shutdown and waterwashing, from 0 to 1 , where "0" indicates the superheater is clean, “ 1 " indicates the superheater needs a waterwashing, and a value greater than "1" indicates the superheater is past due for a waterwashing.
- the watcrwash index is calculated as the current deposit weight on the superheater in question divided by the "watcrwash threshold weight”.
- the "waterwash threshold weight” is the empirically determined weight the deposit should be at the optimum time for waterwashing. Even if the operator does not waterwash the boiler when the waterwash index reaches "1", just knowing the waterwash index enables the operator to make informed boiler maintenance decisions.
- the aforementioned waterwash index is useful for the majority of boilers that require a waterwash 2-5 times per year. However, some boilers operate an entire year without requiring waterwashing, because their chill-and-wash cleanings are timed and performed so optimally that the deposit never reaches a waterwash threshold weight.
- a more useful value for the boiler operator than the waterwash index is a "chill-and-blow index" which is a measure of how far along the platen is to needing a chill-and-blow cleaning, from 0 to 1, where "0" indicates the platen is clean, "1" indicates the platen needs a chill-and-blow cleaning, and a value greater than "1 " indicates the platen is past due for a chill-and-blow cleaning.
- the chill-and-blow index is calculated as the current deposit weight on the superheater in question divided by the "chill- and-blow threshold weight", where the "chill-and-blow threshold weight” is the empirically determined weight the deposit should be at the optimum time for chill-and-blow cleaning.
- the chill-and-blow index and the waterwash index are both considered “cleaning indexes”.
- a boiler operator would use either cleaning index appropriate for his boiler but not both cleaning indexes.
- the three values — deposit weight, chill-and-blow index, and waterwashing index - are considered "state values" because they describe the current state of the deposit.
- the computer can calculate the rate of change (first differential) of the state values over some unit of time (such as per hour).
- rale values can be used in conjunction with the state values to predict when a cleaning will be necessary. For example, if the chill-and-blow index is currently 0.8 and its rate of increase is 0,1 per week, then the superheater will probably need a chill-and-blow cleaning in two weeks (when the chill-and-blow index should reach 1.0). During a chill-and-blow cleaning, if the chill-and-blow index is currently 0.8 and its rate of decrease is 0.1 per hour, and the operator is aiming to reduce the chill-and-blow index to 0.6, then he can predict the superheater will need two more hours of cleaning.
- the computer can calculate the second differential (rate of change of rate of change) of a state value (such as chill-and-blow index). Taking into account a cleaning index and its first and second differentials can enable the operator to predict very accurately when the cleaning is due to start and (during cleaning) when the cleaning is due to end.
- a state value such as chill-and-blow index
- strain gages 166 are connected to all of the hanger rods 152 of all of the platens 258 in the boiler 110, within the open-air penthouse 148 as far as possible from hot surfaces to avoid temperature effects.
- the load sensors 168 are positioned between the tension nut 167 and the support structure 140.
- the computer is connected to, and monitors, all of the strain gages and load sensors. The computer performs the aforementioned strain gage and load sensor readings and computations for all superheaters 154,155,156.
- the computer displays to the operator both the deposit weight and the appropriate cleaning index and their first and second differentials, for each superheater 154,155,156.
- load cells are used exclusively.
- the load sensors 168 are positioned between the tension nut 167 and the upport structure 140.
- the computer is connected to, and monitors, all of the load sensors.
- the computer performs the aforementioned load sensor readings and computations for all superheaters 154,155,156.
- the computer displays to the operator both the deposit weight and the appropriate cleaning index and their first and second differentials, for each superheater 154,155,156.
- Exclusive use of the load cells would be preferred in the situation where some of the superheaters section are being replaced, or in the application to a new boiler.
- these simple-to-undcrstand parameters enable him to understand how those adjustments affect the deposit rate and cleaning schedule. Also, even during cleaning (whether sootblowing or washdown), when the boiler 110 is partially or completely shut down for cleaning, these simple-to-understand parameters inform the operator how effectively the deposit is being removed to enable him to fine tune the cleaning procedure. For example, the operator can use the aforementioned state and rate-of-change parameters to empirically determine the optimum sootblower sequence or the most effective sootblowers or the most effective method to clean the boiler 110.
- any logic circuit may be used, such as a PLC (programmable logic controller).
- PLC programmable logic controller
- strain gages 166 on all hanger rods 152
- the present embodiment employs load sensors 168 on all hanger rods 152, it is within the scope of the present invention to employ a load sensor 1 8 on each of only a few representative hanger rods of a superheater 154, 155, 156. This yields an accurate determination of deposit weight if the deposit is uniformly deposited on each platen 158 and the tension of the hanger rods 152 has been balanced using the tension nuts.
- strain gages are notoriously sensitive to temperature fluctuations, it is advisable to affix a temperature sensor next to each stain gage 166, with all temperature sensors interfaced to the computer, to correct each strain gage reading for temperature effects (temperature coefficient error) as is common practice when using strain gages.
- fewer temperature sensors can be employed next to a few representative strain gages 166 if it has been found that the temperature at those representative strain gages is the same, or at least a known function of, the temperature at the other strain gages.
- the present embodiment entails determining deposits on superheaters 154,155,156 of a kraft recovery boiler 110, this invention can be applied to other boilers and to independently suspended components other than superheaters.
- thermocouples, infrared probes or acoustic pyrometry which require the use of expensive and or delicate equipment and can require rccalibration, whereas strain gages and load sensors used according to the present invention have longer operating lives and less need for rccalibration
- temperature-based techniques are affected by boiler load, and mathematical corrections for this cannot precisely correct the error, whereas the method of the present invention is not affected by boiler load
- temperature based techniques cannot be used when the boiler is partially or fully shut down for cleaning, whereas the method of the present invention can
- temperature-based techniques require complex formulas and parameters that are difficult for a common boiler operator to perform and interpret, whereas the formulas and parameters of the present invention are simple to perform and interpret.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0410227-4A BRPI0410227A (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | systems and method for measuring the weight of a deposit that is formed on an independently suspended pipe bank by one or more suspension rods within a boiler |
CA002525479A CA2525479A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | System and method for measuring weight of deposit on boiler superheaters |
EP04733045A EP1623179A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | System and method for measuring weight of deposit on boiler superheaters |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/438,084 US20040226758A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2003-05-14 | System and method for measuring weight of deposit on boiler superheaters |
US10/438,084 | 2003-05-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004102104A1 true WO2004102104A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
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ID=33417497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2004/001565 WO2004102104A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | System and method for measuring weight of deposit on boiler superheaters |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20040226758A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1623179A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0410227A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2525479A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004102104A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2016524688A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-08-18 | アンドリツ オサケユキチュア | Method and system for monitoring mass changes in a steam boiler heat exchanger |
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US7341067B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-03-11 | International Paper Comany | Method of managing the cleaning of heat transfer elements of a boiler within a furnace |
US7735435B2 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2010-06-15 | Diamond Power International, Inc. | Apparatus for cleaning a smelt spout of a combustion device |
US8381690B2 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2013-02-26 | International Paper Company | Controlling cooling flow in a sootblower based on lance tube temperature |
US20100212609A1 (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-26 | Adams Terry N | Systems and methods for controlling the operation of sootblowers |
US9541282B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2017-01-10 | International Paper Company | Boiler system controlling fuel to a furnace based on temperature of a structure in a superheater section |
US10060688B2 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2018-08-28 | Integrated Test & Measurement (ITM) | System and methods for detecting, monitoring, and removing deposits on boiler heat exchanger surfaces using vibrational analysis |
JP6463831B2 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2019-02-06 | インターナショナル・ペーパー・カンパニー | System and method for determining the location of fouling on a boiler heat transfer surface |
US9927231B2 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2018-03-27 | Integrated Test & Measurement (ITM), LLC | System and methods for detecting, monitoring, and removing deposits on boiler heat exchanger surfaces using vibrational analysis |
FI128782B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2020-12-15 | Andritz Oy | Arrangement for heat recovery surfaces in a recovery boiler |
CN108758603B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2023-12-01 | 广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司 | Steam generation system and scale detection method thereof |
CN108613162A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-10-02 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Station boiler based on strain measurement suspends heating surface fouling monitoring system and method in midair |
WO2020225489A1 (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-11-12 | Andritz Oy | A method and an arrangement for measuring mass changes of heat exchangers of a steam boiler |
CN113776036A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-10 | 武汉诺贝思热能环保科技有限公司 | Steam generator capable of spraying steam in different directions |
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US6323442B1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-11-27 | International Paper Company | System and method for measuring weight of deposit on boiler superheaters |
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US4475482A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-10-09 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Sootblowing optimization |
US4454840A (en) * | 1983-07-14 | 1984-06-19 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Enhanced sootblowing system |
US4539840A (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1985-09-10 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Sootblowing system with identification of model parameters |
US4488516A (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1984-12-18 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Soot blower system |
US4718376A (en) * | 1985-11-01 | 1988-01-12 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Boiler sootblowing control system |
US4986391A (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1991-01-22 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator load weighing |
US5770823A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1998-06-23 | Kistler-Morse Corporation | Zero height load measuring system and method of installing same |
US6555765B2 (en) * | 2001-06-12 | 2003-04-29 | Alan Paine | Method and apparatus for determining the weight of the contents of a vessel |
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2003
- 2003-05-14 US US10/438,084 patent/US20040226758A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-05-14 CA CA002525479A patent/CA2525479A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-05-14 EP EP04733045A patent/EP1623179A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-14 BR BRPI0410227-4A patent/BRPI0410227A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-05-14 WO PCT/IB2004/001565 patent/WO2004102104A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US2761670A (en) * | 1955-01-31 | 1956-09-04 | Charles Testut Ets | Electrical load weighing apparatus |
US3827514A (en) * | 1973-06-25 | 1974-08-06 | Weigh Tronix | Weight measuring hook block apparatus for cranes |
US4004647A (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1977-01-25 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Load cell arrangement |
WO1993005338A1 (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-03-18 | John Botham | Method of monitoring a load and apparatus for use in the method |
US6323442B1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-11-27 | International Paper Company | System and method for measuring weight of deposit on boiler superheaters |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2016524688A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2016-08-18 | アンドリツ オサケユキチュア | Method and system for monitoring mass changes in a steam boiler heat exchanger |
US10132495B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2018-11-20 | Andritz Oy | Method and system for monitoring the mass changes of heat exchangers of a steam boiler |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040226758A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
EP1623179A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
CA2525479A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
BRPI0410227A (en) | 2006-05-09 |
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