WO2004086415A1 - Electro-conductive composition - Google Patents
Electro-conductive composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004086415A1 WO2004086415A1 PCT/AM2003/000001 AM0300001W WO2004086415A1 WO 2004086415 A1 WO2004086415 A1 WO 2004086415A1 AM 0300001 W AM0300001 W AM 0300001W WO 2004086415 A1 WO2004086415 A1 WO 2004086415A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electro
- graphite
- conductive composition
- polyacrylamide
- heaters
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910007157 Si(OH)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
- C08K5/5419—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond containing at least one Si—C bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
Definitions
- the invention concerns the electrothermics, namely, the electro-conductive compositions used as heating elements, for instance in the everyday and industrial electro heaters.
- an electro-conductive composition for electro heaters which contains homogeneous mixture of connecting polymer with powder-like blend at the least of one metal or semimetal, e.g. graphite.
- connecting polymers there can be used polystyrenes, resins of poly vinyl, derivatives of polyacrylic acid, polyamides and their derivatives [1].
- Electro-conductive composition for electro heaters is the prototype of suggested invention, containing homogeneous mixture of powder-like graphite with polymer connector, wherein polyacrylamide serves as polymer connector [2].
- the shortage of the prototype is relatively low temperature limit (200°C), under which the composition changes its properties, i.e. there take place the separation of graphite and destruction of the structure.
- the invention task is to heighten electro-conductive composition's temperature limit.
- the invention essence is that that there is suggested electro-conductive composition for electro heaters, containing the homogeneous mixture of powder-like graphite with polyacrylamide, which according to the invention, in addition, contains polysiloxane (silicone).
- Polysiloxanes are the product of silanedyol polycondensation, having formula R 2 Si(OH) 3 . They are known under the name of silicones and are used as sealing structure of silicone rubber.
- polysiloxane there has been used serially produced by firm Wacker-Chemic (Germany) silicone rubber under WACKER ® trade mark.
- CONH 2 formulation with contents of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, having (mass) 50,7%, 7% and 19,7%.
- composition preparing is the following. At first polyacrylamide is blended v/ith powder-like graphite for getting paste-like mixture; further there is added silicone paste and got mixture scrupulous is l ⁇ ieaded by hand or mixer till full homogenizing. Such sequence is explained by that that powder of graphite is not blended with silicone paste; though, being blended with gel-like polyacrylamide up to the paste-like state, it is easily blended with silicone, the latter is in the paste-like state, too. Weight correlation of graphite powder, gel-like polyacrylamide and silicone paste has been modified within wide limits. Got under the different percentage correlation pastes have been dashed smoothly on thermostable dielectric surface (per examples of concrete usage on the ceramic ones) and their specific resistance and limited temperatures have been measured.
- PAA weight percentage content of polyacrylamide in the shape of emulsion
- Si weight percentage content of polysiloxane (silicone paste)
- t° temperature limit; within the latter the composition changes its properties, i.e. there take place graphite's separation and structure's destruction
- p specific resistance of the layer.
- the paste has been dashed smoothly on the surface of ceramic plate in Ii-like shape, per thickness of 0,2 mm, length 40 cm and width 30 cm.
- the basic influence on the value of the specific resistance and temperature limit has the correlation of silicone paste and graphite powder. It is explained by that that within getting the maximum temperatures, given in the Table, there takes place modification of polyacrylamide and the basic part, both for electric and mechanic characteristics begins to play the correlation of silicone/graphite.
- the investigations results have also demonstrated that within absence of polyacrylamide, the specific resistance becomes too great (higher on sequence), and that makes the structure unacceptable for usage. This is explained by that that graphite with silicone paste without polyacrylamide does not give homogeneous blend and got structure practically is an insulator.
- An optimal structure is chosen issuing from the concrete aim of heating.
- the most preferable is the content of the graphite in the initial blend, beginning from 25% up to 60% (weight); for within less quantities of graphite the specific resistance becomes too great and there is demanded to widen the width of conductive layer; and, otherwise, if the graphite content is great, so there will be demanded too small value (less than 0,1 mm), and it is not technological.
- optimal structure is one, given in Table 3; while for heating of greater areas (floors and walls) the optimal structure is one , given in the example of Table 5.
- the suggested composition can find the wide usage both in everyday and industrial electro heaters, due to a number of values: anti-fireness, because of short circuit risk absence;
- the suggested composition can especially be useful within the solving of such specific heating tasks, as heating of pipes against frost damage and/or facilitation of liquids with temperature dependant ductility pumping; containers heating, e.g. ones with fuel oil for full fuel oil pumping out within winter conditions, etc. It must be also marked the production simplicity of both electro heaters on the base of suggested composition and composition itself.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns the electrothermics, namely, the electro-conductive compositions used as heating elements, for instance in the everyday and industrial electro heaters. The invention essence is that there is suggested electro-conductive composition for electro heaters, containing the homogeneous mixture of powder-like graphite with polyacrylamide, which according to the invention, in addition, contains polysiloxane (silicon). The invention task is to heighten electro-conductive composition's temperature limit.
Description
ELECTRO-CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITION
The invention concerns the electrothermics, namely, the electro-conductive compositions used as heating elements, for instance in the everyday and industrial electro heaters. There is known an electro-conductive composition for electro heaters, which contains homogeneous mixture of connecting polymer with powder-like blend at the least of one metal or semimetal, e.g. graphite. As connecting polymers there can be used polystyrenes, resins of poly vinyl, derivatives of polyacrylic acid, polyamides and their derivatives [1].
Electro-conductive composition for electro heaters is the prototype of suggested invention, containing homogeneous mixture of powder-like graphite with polymer connector, wherein polyacrylamide serves as polymer connector [2].
The shortage of the prototype is relatively low temperature limit (200°C), under which the composition changes its properties, i.e. there take place the separation of graphite and destruction of the structure. The invention task is to heighten electro-conductive composition's temperature limit.
The invention essence is that that there is suggested electro-conductive composition for electro heaters, containing the homogeneous mixture of powder-like graphite with polyacrylamide, which according to the invention, in addition, contains polysiloxane (silicone). Polysiloxanes are the product of silanedyol polycondensation, having formula R2Si(OH)3. They are known under the name of silicones and are used as sealing structure of silicone rubber. In the following examples of concrete usage as polysiloxane there has been used serially produced by firm Wacker-Chemic (Germany) silicone rubber under WACKER® trade mark.
As initial materials for composition preparing there have been taken powder-like graphite, polysiloxane (silicone) in the shape of paste and gel-like polyacrylamide of [-CH2 -CH -]n
CONH2 formulation, with contents of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, having (mass) 50,7%, 7% and 19,7%.
The method of composition preparing is the following. At first polyacrylamide is blended v/ith powder-like graphite for getting paste-like mixture; further there is added silicone paste and got mixture scrupulous is lαieaded by hand or mixer till full homogenizing. Such sequence is explained by that that powder of graphite is not blended with silicone paste; though, being
blended with gel-like polyacrylamide up to the paste-like state, it is easily blended with silicone, the latter is in the paste-like state, too. Weight correlation of graphite powder, gel-like polyacrylamide and silicone paste has been modified within wide limits. Got under the different percentage correlation pastes have been dashed smoothly on thermostable dielectric surface (per examples of concrete usage on the ceramic ones) and their specific resistance and limited temperatures have been measured. The data are taken into the Table, wherein PAA is weight percentage content of polyacrylamide in the shape of emulsion; Si is weight percentage content of polysiloxane (silicone paste); t° is temperature limit; within the latter the composition changes its properties, i.e. there take place graphite's separation and structure's destruction; p is specific resistance of the layer.
Within the example of concrete usage the paste has been dashed smoothly on the surface of ceramic plate in Ii-like shape, per thickness of 0,2 mm, length 40 cm and width 30 cm. To the bases of the layer, the width of which is equal to 10 cm, there have been applied electrodes, arranged to the net of alternating current per 220 Volt. As the tests showed, the stable specific resistance is fixed after the layer is beforehand heated up to maximum temperature. That is why computation of specific resistance has been done after preliminary heating up to the temperature limit. Computations were made by p= R- S/L formula, where R is the resistance of the layer, S is its cross - sectional area and L is its length.
The main influence on the specific resistance there makes the content of graphite powder in the paste. Moreover, as it is seen from the latest example, given in Table, the basic influence on the value of the specific resistance and temperature limit has the correlation of silicone paste and graphite powder. It is explained by that that within getting the maximum temperatures, given in the Table, there takes place modification of polyacrylamide and the basic part, both for electric and mechanic characteristics begins to play the correlation of silicone/graphite. The investigations results have also demonstrated that within absence of polyacrylamide, the specific resistance becomes too great (higher on sequence), and that makes the structure unacceptable for
usage. This is explained by that that graphite with silicone paste without polyacrylamide does not give homogeneous blend and got structure practically is an insulator.
An optimal structure is chosen issuing from the concrete aim of heating. In any case, the most preferable is the content of the graphite in the initial blend, beginning from 25% up to 60% (weight); for within less quantities of graphite the specific resistance becomes too great and there is demanded to widen the width of conductive layer; and, otherwise, if the graphite content is great, so there will be demanded too small value (less than 0,1 mm), and it is not technological. For heaters, the base of which are ceramic plates, optimal structure is one, given in Table 3; while for heating of greater areas (floors and walls) the optimal structure is one , given in the example of Table 5.
The suggested composition can find the wide usage both in everyday and industrial electro heaters, due to a number of values: anti-fireness, because of short circuit risk absence;
- An exception of chain breakdown possibility. In the worst case only a small part of current-conductive layer can stop heating function; that is easily dismissed by dashing of the paste on the damaged part;
- Homogeneous heating along all the area surface.
The suggested composition can especially be useful within the solving of such specific heating tasks, as heating of pipes against frost damage and/or facilitation of liquids with temperature dependant ductility pumping; containers heating, e.g. ones with fuel oil for full fuel oil pumping out within winter conditions, etc. It must be also marked the production simplicity of both electro heaters on the base of suggested composition and composition itself.
1. US 6392209; 2. Armenian Patent Application No. 20020163, filed of 8.10.2002 - prototype.
Claims
CLAIM
Electro-conductive composition, containing the homogeneous mixture of powder-like graphite with polyacrylamide, characterized in that, the composition in addition contains polysiloxane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003238534A AU2003238534A1 (en) | 2003-03-26 | 2003-06-16 | Electro-conductive composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AM20030042 | 2003-03-26 | ||
| AMP20030042 | 2003-03-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004086415A1 true WO2004086415A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
Family
ID=33033755
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AM2003/000001 WO2004086415A1 (en) | 2003-03-26 | 2003-06-16 | Electro-conductive composition |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003238534A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004086415A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014091161A1 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-19 | Societe Lorraine De Peintures Et Vernis | Improved heating paint |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2230043A1 (en) * | 1970-08-24 | 1974-12-13 | Johann Oppitz | Composite plastic-graphite conductors - contg. silver or nickel, used for resistance materials for space-heating strip |
| DE19858825A1 (en) * | 1998-12-19 | 2000-06-21 | Raeder Vogel Raeder Und Rollen | Electrically conductive coating, for wheels or rollers, comprises base material, carbon particles and polysiloxane |
| US6392209B1 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 2002-05-21 | Manfred Elasser | Electric heating element |
-
2003
- 2003-06-16 AU AU2003238534A patent/AU2003238534A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-16 WO PCT/AM2003/000001 patent/WO2004086415A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2230043A1 (en) * | 1970-08-24 | 1974-12-13 | Johann Oppitz | Composite plastic-graphite conductors - contg. silver or nickel, used for resistance materials for space-heating strip |
| US6392209B1 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 2002-05-21 | Manfred Elasser | Electric heating element |
| DE19858825A1 (en) * | 1998-12-19 | 2000-06-21 | Raeder Vogel Raeder Und Rollen | Electrically conductive coating, for wheels or rollers, comprises base material, carbon particles and polysiloxane |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| BIOMATERIALS (1995), 16(8), 633-40 * |
| DATABASE CA [online] CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE, COLUMBUS, OHIO, US; LOPOUR, P. ET AL: "Silicone rubber -hydrogel composites as polymeric biomaterials. VI. Transport properties in the water-swollen state", XP002263995, retrieved from STN Database accession no. 123:17832 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014091161A1 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-19 | Societe Lorraine De Peintures Et Vernis | Improved heating paint |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003238534A1 (en) | 2004-10-18 |
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