WO2004081218A1 - 遺伝子トラップシステム - Google Patents
遺伝子トラップシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004081218A1 WO2004081218A1 PCT/JP2004/002569 JP2004002569W WO2004081218A1 WO 2004081218 A1 WO2004081218 A1 WO 2004081218A1 JP 2004002569 W JP2004002569 W JP 2004002569W WO 2004081218 A1 WO2004081218 A1 WO 2004081218A1
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- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
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- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/8509—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
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- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
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- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1034—Isolating an individual clone by screening libraries
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
- A01K2267/0393—Animal model comprising a reporter system for screening tests
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- C12N2800/00—Nucleic acids vectors
- C12N2800/30—Vector systems comprising sequences for excision in presence of a recombinase, e.g. loxP or FRT
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- C12N2800/60—Vectors containing traps for, e.g. exons, promoters
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- C12N2830/00—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription
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- C12N2830/15—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription chimeric enhancer/promoter combination
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- C12N2830/00—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription
- C12N2830/60—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription from viruses
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- C12N2830/00—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription
- C12N2830/80—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription from vertebrates
- C12N2830/85—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription from vertebrates mammalian
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- C12N2830/80—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription from vertebrates
- C12N2830/90—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription from vertebrates avian
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- C12N2840/00—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system
- C12N2840/20—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system translation of more than one cistron
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- C12N2840/00—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system
- C12N2840/20—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system translation of more than one cistron
- C12N2840/203—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system translation of more than one cistron having an IRES
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- C12N2840/44—Vectors comprising a special translation-regulating system being a specific part of the splice mechanism, e.g. donor, acceptor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for searching for a gene expressed under predetermined conditions, and more particularly, to a gene trap system for immobilizing transient gene expression as a constitutive expression of a reporter gene under predetermined conditions.
- Conventional technology for searching for a gene expressed under predetermined conditions, and more particularly, to a gene trap system for immobilizing transient gene expression as a constitutive expression of a reporter gene under predetermined conditions.
- the Human Genome Project has revealed almost the entire DNA base sequence of chromosomes.To open a new dimension in drug discovery and safety testing, comprehensively search for functional genes directly linked to physiological functions There is a need.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a gene trap system capable of trapping any gene containing a gene that is transiently expressed during a state change process such as cell differentiation or canceration. Aim. Means for solving the problem
- the recombinant enzyme C re of Pacteriophage ⁇ 1 A method was employed in which the gene was trapped by a trap vector using the gene, and the expression of the trapped gene was converted to the constitutive expression of another reporter gene.
- the first step in which cells are transformed with a reporter vector, the second step in which the recombinant cells obtained in the previous step are further transformed with a trap vector, and the cells obtained in the previous step do not show reporter activity.
- a system consisting of a third stage for selecting cells, a fourth stage for placing the cells selected in the previous stage under predetermined conditions, and a fifth stage for selecting cells for which the reporter activity was confirmed from the cells in the previous stage.
- the reporter vector is a unit in which a promoter functioning in the cell, a first Lo xP sequence, a drug resistance gene, a transcription termination STOP sequence, a second Lo XP sequence, and a reporter gene are sequentially linked.
- the trap vector has a splicing receptor (SA), an IRES (internal ribosomal entry site), a Cre (nl-Cre) with a nuclear-localized signonole, and a first splicing donor.
- SA splicing receptor
- IRES internal ribosomal entry site
- Cre nl-Cre
- SD first splicing donor
- the system may further include a sixth step of obtaining a base sequence by cloning DNA adjacent to the trap vector of the cell selected in the fifth step.
- the present invention provides a reporter comprising a unit in which a promoter functioning in a target cell, a first LoxP sequence, a drug resistance gene, a transcription termination STOP sequence, a second LoxP sequence, and a reporter gene are sequentially linked.
- SA splicing sceptor
- I RES internal ribosomal entry site
- Cre with nuclear localization signal nl-Cre
- SD first splice sink "donor”
- This is a set of stickers for gene traps consisting of a trap vector having a unit in which a gene promoter, a drug resistance gene, and a second splicing donor (SD) are connected in sequence.
- the present invention further comprises cells transformed with this set of vectors or the cells. . ⁇ -
- Fig. 1 shows the basic unit of the trap vector.
- FIG. 2 shows the basic cut of the reporter vector.
- FIG. 3 shows a basic unit of the reporter vector constructed in Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a phenomenon of each step in Example 4. Marks A and B indicate those that showed LacZ positive, and in the cells marked B, it indicates that the Cre gene of the trap vector was trapped in the ES cell differentiation process.
- FIG. 5 shows photographs of cells showing LacZ positive only after induction of differentiation. A LacZ-positive cell population is observed in the center (arrow) of the cell mass. The color is dark blue. These cells correspond to those marked with B on the right in FIG. Embodiment of the Invention
- the system of the present invention has two elements, a trap vector and a reporter vector.
- Trapping vector pMIE
- Figure 1 shows the basic unit of this trap vector. This basic unit is structurally divided into two large units.
- SA spliced ⁇ click Scepter
- IRES internal ribosomal entry site
- nl-Cre nuclear localization Shigunanore C re
- the latter half is a unit that is linked to a constitutively expressed gene promoter (eg, the PKK gene promoter), a drug resistance gene (eg, Neo), and a second splicing donor (SD).
- a constitutively expressed gene promoter eg, the PKK gene promoter
- a drug resistance gene eg, Neo
- SD second splicing donor
- SA splicing receptor
- SD splicing donor
- SA splicing control cis factor
- I RES is the site of formation or entry of the ribosome complex to initiate protein synthesis.
- IRES is a part of the human encephalomyocarditis virus gene, and a substantial portion thereof may be amplified and isolated from a commercially available vector by PCR.
- Cre is a genetically modified enzyme.
- the PKK gene promoter is a housekeeping gene promoter that is affected by the chromosomal integration site (trapping site).
- the drug resistance gene is not particularly limited as long as it is a protein gene having a function of counteracting a drug action that is sensitive to mammalian cells. Neo resistance genes are the most widely used. This basic unit is introduced into a suitable vector. As a vector,
- Bluescript SK II (STRATAGENE) or the like may be used.
- the trap vector functionally has the following features.
- the splicing receptor in the first half unit allows for a 5 '(upstream) exon trap in addition to the gene's promoter trap.
- the latter unit the drug metamurai gene
- RNA extracted from a trap ES cell clone a part of the gene trapped by 3 'RACE using the sequence of the drug resistance gene as a primer can be amplified and quickly identified.
- this reporter vector contains a promoter that functions in the target cell, a first LoxP sequence, a drug resistance gene, a transcription termination STOP sequence, a second Lo XP system U, And a reporter gene linked in order. Note that a D N N array having no functional effect may be inserted between the constituent elements of these units.
- the transcription termination STOP sequence may be a gene containing a stop codon (cDMA) or a polysaccharide-attached pudding signal. Some of the commercially available vectors may be diverted, including polyA addition signals and translation stop codons.
- This basic unit is introduced into a suitable vector.
- a vector As a vector,
- the method of the invention comprises the following steps:
- Stage 1 In this stage, a cell line is established by incorporating the reporter vector into a cell line to be tested, for example, a cell line that can change in two states, such as differentiation and canceration of the cell.
- the target cell may be any cell, but particularly when used for embryonic stem cell ES cells, exhibits the following three advantages.
- the trapped gene usually causes dysfunction (deletion or reduction), it is possible to produce a mutant animal using a trap ES cell clone. Since the structure of the trap vector according to the present invention replaces the expression of the gene in which the Cre gene is trapped, the animal produced using the trapped ES cell clone is referred to as a “Cre animal” (Animals necessary for genetic modification).
- Step 2 In this step, the trap vector is introduced into the recombinant cells obtained in the previous step.
- Step 3 Select cells from the cells obtained in the previous step that do not show the activity of the reporter.
- Step 4 Put the cells obtained in the previous step under the specified conditions. It is possible to examine a gene that is expressed by placing the gene, especially a gene that is transiently expressed.
- Step 5 Select cells for which reporter activity has been confirmed from the cells in the previous step. At this stage, its activity can be confirmed by an appropriate method according to the nature of the revoter gene.
- Step 6 Cloning DNA near the trap vector 1 of the cell selected in the previous step to obtain a base sequence.
- This step can be performed by a standard method. If the purpose is to obtain only the cells selected in the fifth step, this step may be omitted.
- the present invention will be illustrated by examples, but is not intended to limit the present invention.
- Example 1 Construction of a trap vector A splicing receptor (SA), I RES (internal ribosomal) between XbaI and Sa1I of BluescriptSKII (-), a cloning vector from STRATAGENE, USA entry site), Cre (nl-Cre) with nuclear localization signal, splicing donor (SD), PGK gene promoter, drug resistance gene (such as Neo), trap connected in order of splicing donor (SD)
- SA splicing receptor
- I RES internal ribosomal
- Cre nl-Cre
- SD splicing donor
- PGK gene promoter PGK gene promoter
- drug resistance gene such as Neo
- the ceptor site of the second etherson of the ryanodine receptor type 2 gene (Bg1II-PstI fragment of about 50 base pairs, a commercially available genomic library from STRATAGENE, USA) from Lamda FIXIIJ Isolated and purified, SEQ ID NO: 1) was used.
- IRES a fragment obtained by amplifying a corresponding portion from a commercially available pCITE expression vector (Novagen) using the primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3 by the PCR method was used.
- a nuclear localization signal for the SV40 virus T antigen (SEQ ID NO: 4) was added to the Cre gene upstream of the sequence encoding the translation initiation site. ⁇ The gene (nl-C re) was used.
- the PGK promoter used a mouse phosphoglycerokinase gene promoter that does not affect the transcriptional control of the integration site.
- pOG44 'Gorman S, Fox DT, Wahl GM, 1991
- a fragment obtained by amplifying the XbaI_SacII fragment by the PCR method from the synthetic intron of 251 (4999) 1351-1355) was used (SEQ ID NO: 5).
- the reporter vector pRMIE-nlLacZ is a CAG promoter that functions in all types of cells, between the Notl and Sail of the cloning vector BluescriptSKII (—), the first Lo xP sequence, and puromycin resistance (P ac) A gene, a transcription termination STOP sequence, a second LoxP sequence, an E. coli beta-galactosidase gene, and a polyA-added signal were inserted and ligated in this order (Fig. 3).
- the CAG promoter is a synthetic promoter consisting of the cytomegalovirus enhancer, chicken; 3 actin promoter, and 3 heron exon.
- the STOP sequence is a Hindlll-BaMHI fragment (about 1.3 KB) derived from pBS302 (GENEB ANK number U51223).
- the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase II gene to which a nuclear localization signal was added was used.
- RW4 Gene Systems, Inc. was used as ES cells.
- the cell culturing and targeting procedures basically followed the methods described in the previous report (Suzuki N et al., Development., 122 (11), 3587-95 (1996)).
- 500,000 ES cells and 50 ⁇ g of a reporter vector cut with NotI and Sa1I were mixed in 0.8 ml of buffer, and Gene of Bio-Rad was mixed.
- DNA was introduced into cells by the electric pulse method using Pu 1 ser (400 V, 25 ⁇ F, electrode width 0.4 cm). After the application of an electric pulse, the cells were cultured on feeder cells that were monolayer cultured on the bottom of a 10 cm Petri dish.
- fetal fibroblasts at 12.5 days of fetal period were treated with 0.1 mg / ml mitomycin C for 2 hours, inactivated, and mitotically stopped.
- a puromycin-resistant ES cell clone in which the reporter vector had been integrated into the chromosome was selected.
- coli beta-galactosidase gene in the reporter cell is silent due to the puromycin gene and the STOP sequence, which are sandwiched between the two upstream Lo XP sequences, and are not translated into protein, and therefore, do not express Cre. No E. coli beta-galactosidase activity is detected in the reporter cells.
- Several clones were selected from the cell clones showing beta-galactosidase activity only after the introduction of the Cre expression vector, and the clones were grown as reporter ES cells for gene trapping and cryopreserved.
- the introduction of the Cre forced expression vector pBSCAGCre into the cells was performed using a Fugene kit from Rosch.
- Example 4 Introduction of a gene trap vector into a reporter ES cell and selection of cell traps caused by gene trap
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the phenomena of each step at this stage. ⁇
- 50 Million Reporter ES Cells Cut Linearly with Pme I and Sa 1 I 50 g of the pMIE trap vector was introduced by an electric pulse method using GenePu1ser (400 V, 25 ⁇ F, electrode width 0.4 cm) from Bio-Rad. Gene transfer after 24 hours, the antibiotic G 418 was added at a concentration of 160 8 titer Zm 1, was started sorting. At the seventh time after the start of the culture, about 200 clones of G418-resistant Kova knee were transferred to a 96-well plate, and the culture was further continued to grow sufficiently.
- GenePu1ser 400 V, 25 ⁇ F, electrode width 0.4 cm
- the G418 resistance of each cell clone indicates whether the trap vector captured the etason of a gene via the second splicing donor added downstream of the Neo gene, or directly captured the polyA addition signal. It guarantees stable transcription and translation from the Neo gene.
- replicas were prepared for each of the three 96-well plates.
- FIG. 4 One of the above 96-well plates (in FIG. 4) was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with LacZ to confirm the presence or absence of LacZ-positive cells.
- the mark A indicates that the sample was positive for LacZ.
- FIG. 4 Another one of the above 96-well plates (Fig. 4, right) was grown on a single feeder cell, treated with trypsin, and cultured in an uncoated culture dish to form an embryoid body. After 4 days, the cells were cultured in a DMEM culture solution (5% fetal bovine serum) containing 0.000 ImM retinoic acid. Thereafter, the cells were transferred to a gelatin-coated culture dish and cultured for 4 days. The embryoid body differentiates into various cell types including nerves while adhering to the surface of the culture dish and destroying its structure. Thereafter, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with lacZ, and the presence or absence of lacZ-positive cells was determined. It was confirmed that some of the cells attached to the culture dish were positive for LacZ activity. In the right of FIG. 4, marks A and B indicate those that showed LacZ positive.
- Fig. 5 shows a photograph of the cells showing the (). This indicates that the gene expressed by the trap vector Cre gene during the differentiation process or after differentiation induction of the ES cell was trapped.
- RNA was extracted from the ES cell trap clone using a Trizol kit (Invitrogen). This was designated as ⁇ , and a reverse transcription reaction was performed using a dT17 adapter primer (SEQ ID NO: 7) to synthesize cDNA.
- cDNA synthesis was performed using a cDNA synthesis kit from Promega.
- a first-stage PCR reaction was performed on a portion of the synthesized cDNA using an adapter primer (SEQ ID NO: 8) and a primer (NEO first primer, SEQ ID NO: 9) that is part of the Neo gene sequence.
- the second stage PCR was performed using an adapter primer (SEQ ID NO: 10) and a NEO second primer (SEQ ID NO: 11) consisting of a sequence downstream of the first primer.
- the identified gene was a gene having a novel sequence (not shown here) and that the system could function.
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CA002518907A CA2518907A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-02 | Gene trap system |
US10/548,465 US20060172420A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-02 | Gene trap system |
EP04716354A EP1619253A4 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-02 | GENE TRAP SYSTEM |
AU2004219822A AU2004219822A1 (en) | 2003-03-13 | 2004-03-02 | Gene trap system |
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