WO2004075048A1 - ネイティブコンパイル方法、ネイティブコンパイル前処理方法、コンピュータプログラム、およびサーバ - Google Patents
ネイティブコンパイル方法、ネイティブコンパイル前処理方法、コンピュータプログラム、およびサーバ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004075048A1 WO2004075048A1 PCT/JP2004/001696 JP2004001696W WO2004075048A1 WO 2004075048 A1 WO2004075048 A1 WO 2004075048A1 JP 2004001696 W JP2004001696 W JP 2004001696W WO 2004075048 A1 WO2004075048 A1 WO 2004075048A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45504—Abstract machines for programme code execution, e.g. Java virtual machine [JVM], interpreters, emulators
- G06F9/45516—Runtime code conversion or optimisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a native compilation method, a native compilation preprocessing method, a computer program, and a server.
- the present invention relates to a communication system including a server and a mobile communication terminal, and more particularly, to a native compilation preprocessing method, a native compilation method, a computer program, and a server.
- a mobile communication terminal such as a mobile phone has acquired a new application program from a server via a network such as the Internet, and executed the ablation program in the mobile communication terminal. It is becoming possible to add functions.
- a program (source code) written in the Java (registered trademark) language is compiled and converted into intermediate code called bytecode.
- the bytecode is not executed directly by the CPU of each computer, but is executed by a virtual machine, which is a calculation engine made of software.
- the bytecode does not depend on a specific hardware or OS (Operating System). Because of its relatively small size, it is suitable for distributing programs over a network. However, the execution format of a virtual computer is one that is sequentially analyzed and executed by an interpreter (software), and the execution speed is slow.
- the code that can be directly executed by the CPU is called native code (machine language), and its execution speed is much faster than that of an interpreter.
- native code machine language
- a method of executing native compilation on a server and transmitting the resulting native code to a mobile communication terminal may be considered.
- the code may be different for each mobile communication terminal model (mainly the type of CPU and OS). Since the types of models will increase in the future, execute native compilation for each model on the server side. Managing native code is a burden. Therefore, it is desirable that the native compiling is handled by the mobile communication terminal.
- JIT Just In Time
- the JIT compiler converts the code into native code when the application is executed, and causes the CPU to execute it directly.
- the first time the program is executed the bytecode is compiled into native code and executed. From the second time, the execution efficiency is improved by directly executing the native code stored in the memory. This makes it possible to execute a Java application at high speed.
- the JIT compiler is executed at the time of the first program execution, it is not possible to avoid waiting time until program execution starts! / ,.
- the data communication speed currently available to mobile communication terminals is relatively slow.
- Wireless communications such as mobile phone packet networks have significantly lower data rates than broadband networks such as optical networks and ADSL networks.
- the speed of CPUs mounted on mobile phones has been increasing, but the data transfer speed of wireless communication networks has remained low. Therefore, it takes a certain amount of time to receive all the bytecodes of a certain application program, and it takes a considerable amount of time to natively compile these bytecodes even though the CPU has been faster. Therefore, there is a problem that a long time is required from the start of communication to the start of execution of the application program.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-40007 discloses that an application is started simultaneously with reception of a JAR file (a plurality of class files compressed into one file), and reception processing and application processing are performed. Application start-up by executing A technique for reducing the waiting time of a user at the time is disclosed.
- this technique executes the intermediate code using an interpreter, and does not execute the application using native code.
- the compilation process cannot begin unless all bytecode has been received. This is because, usually, when a class compiles, when the class references another class, it is necessary to check the existence of the class and the existence of a specific method field in the class. . For this reason, even if the native compilation is executed in parallel with the process of downloading the intermediate code, if the referenced class has not been received, the compilation process of the class must be suspended until the class is received . The execution of the application starts after the compile process is completed. As a result, there is a problem that a considerable waiting time is required for executing the application immediately after reception.
- the present invention has been made in such a background. It is an object of the present invention to provide a communication system capable of reducing an execution waiting time by performing a native compile process in parallel with an intermediate code download process. Processing method, native compilation method, computer program, and server. Disclosure of the invention
- the native compilation method is a native compilation method for converting an intermediate code independent of an OS into a native code in a mobile communication terminal device.
- the received external reference information I te Performing an even compilation process.
- the mobile communication terminal starts the native compilation process for the intermediate code of the received unit block before the completion of receiving all the intermediate codes.
- the external reference information including the attribute information of another unit block referred to by the unit block is received together with the unit block, there is no problem in starting the native compilation immediately.
- "via a wireless communication network” does not mean that the communication is performed only through the wireless communication network, but may be performed not only through the wireless communication network but also through the wired communication network.
- the time required for native compilation can be absorbed in all or part of the download time of the intermediate code.
- conversion to native code can be performed using the idle time of the CPU.
- the waiting time for application execution can be significantly reduced compared to compiling at startup.
- Another native compilation method is a native compilation method for converting an intermediate code into a native code while receiving an external code from an external device in a mobile communication terminal device.
- the intermediate code of a plurality of unit blocks is preceded by a set of external reference information that summarizes the attribute information of another unit block referred to by the unit block, Receiving the intermediate code of the unit block before the completion of the reception of all the intermediate codes, and starting the native compilation process of converting the intermediate code of the received unit block into the native code.
- converting to a code refer to the received external reference information related to the unit block. Characterized by comprising the steps of performing native compilation process the unit Proc.
- a set of external reference information is received prior to a plurality of unit blocks.
- the conversion to the native code can be performed using the idle time of the CPU in parallel with the download of the application case.
- the native compilation preprocessing method depends on the server and OS.
- a native compile preprocessing method for transmitting intermediate code to a mobile communication terminal device via a network comprising: converting a source program into an intermediate code for each unit block; Collecting attribute information of another unit block referred to by the unit block as the external reference information when converting to the native code; adding the collected external reference information to each unit block; and Sequentially transmitting each unit block to which information has been added to the mobile communication terminal device via a wireless communication network.
- the server adds the collected external reference information to each unit block and sequentially transmits the information to the mobile communication terminal device via the wireless communication network.
- the external reference information to be added to a certain unit block is the same as the external reference information added to the unit block transmitted first, the same external reference information for the unit block transmitted later is used. Can be omitted. As a result, the amount of transmission data is reduced.
- Another native compilation preprocessing method according to the present invention is a native compilation preprocessing method when a server transmits an intermediate code independent of an OS to a mobile communication terminal device via a network.
- Converting the intermediate code of each unit block into an intermediate code collecting attribute information of another unit block referred to by the unit block as external reference information when converting the intermediate code of each unit block into native code, collecting A step of sequentially transmitting a plurality of unit blocks to the mobile communication terminal device via a wireless communication network following the set of external reference information.
- the collected external reference information is not added to each unit block, but the collected external reference information is collectively transmitted as a set of external reference information before the plurality of unit blocks.
- the present invention can also be grasped as a computer program that executes each step of each native compilation method.
- the server according to the present invention is a server which performs pre-compile processing natively when transmitting intermediate code independent of an OS to a mobile communication terminal via a network, Means for converting the source program into intermediate code for each unit block, and for converting the intermediate code of each unit block to native code, collecting attribute information of other unit blocks referenced by the unit block as external reference information Means for adding the collected external reference information to each unit block; and means for sequentially transmitting each unit block to which the external reference information has been added to the mobile communication terminal device via a wireless communication network. And a step.
- the function of this server is as described in the first native compilation preprocessing method described above.
- Another server is a server that performs native compilation preprocessing when transmitting intermediate code independent of an OS to a mobile communication terminal device via a network, and converts a source program into intermediate code for each unit block.
- the function of this server is as described in the second native compilation preprocessing method described above.
- the present invention further includes a server that executes the native compilation preprocessing method, and a mobile communication terminal device that receives an intermediate code independent of the OS from the server via a communication network and executes a native compilation process. It can also be grasped as a communication system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a communication system to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic hardware configuration example of the mobile communication terminal shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic hardware configuration example of the server shown in FIG.
- Figure 4 shows two examples of Java application class source code.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of external reference information for classes A and B in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a first data conversion method from obtaining a Java code to a corresponding native code in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a process corresponding to the data conversion method of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a second data conversion method from obtaining a Java code to obtaining a corresponding native code in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a process corresponding to the data conversion method of FIG. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a communication system to which the present invention is applied.
- a mobile phone 1OA and a portable information terminal (PDA) 10B are shown as examples of mobile communication terminal devices.
- the mobile communication terminal device to which the present invention is applied is not limited to these, but can be applied to any similar terminal device that downloads an intermediate code from a communication network and performs native compilation.
- these terminal devices are collectively referred to as a mobile communication terminal device 10 (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a mobile communication terminal).
- the mobile communication terminal 10 is connected to a mobile phone network 17 via a base station 15, and further connected to a communication network such as the Internet 19 via a gateway (GZW) 18.
- Servers 20 of various sites are connected to the Internet 19, and the mobile communication terminal 10 accesses the server 20 and transmits a desired application program such as a Java application from the intermediate code. Can be downloaded in the form of.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a schematic hardware configuration of the mobile communication terminal 10.
- the mobile communication terminal 100 has a CPU 100 that controls the entire terminal.
- CPU 100 is ROM 101, RAM 102, flash memory 103, wireless communication controller 104, liquid crystal display 111, touch panel 112, input interface 113, And the voice control unit 117.
- the ROM 101 is a nonvolatile read-only memory storing various programs executed by the CPU 100 and fixed data.
- the RAMI 02 is a writable memory that provides a work area for the CPU 100 and a temporary storage area for data.
- the flash memory 103 is a rewritable memory that stores additional application programs and various data in a nonvolatile manner.
- the wireless communication control unit 104 is a unit that performs wireless communication (transmission and reception) of voice and data with the base station 15 via the antenna 105.
- the liquid crystal display 111 constitutes a display unit having a display screen.
- the touch panel 1 1 2 is an input device that is normally arranged on the display screen and detects a contact position of a stick or a finger on the screen. However, this touch panel is not an essential element in the present invention.
- the input interface unit 113 is a unit that receives a user's input operation of the dial button 114 or the cursor key 115 of the operation unit of the mobile communication terminal.
- the audio control unit 117 is a part to which the microphone 118 and the speaker 119 are connected, and controls the input and output of audio.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic hardware configuration example of the server 20.
- the server 20 has a CPU 200 that controls the entire server.
- CPU 200 is connected to memory 201, network interface unit 202, display unit 204, input unit 205, and external storage device 206.
- the memory 201 may include the above-described ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like.
- the network interface unit 202 is a unit that connects to a communication network such as the Internet 19.
- the display unit 204 is an arbitrary display device, and the input unit 205 is an input device such as a keyboard.
- the external storage device 206 is a large-capacity storage device such as a hard disk device.
- the program to be downloaded is the bytecode (intermediate code) of the Java application program.
- the application program targeted by the present invention is not limited to JaVa, but can be applied to any program having a similar intermediate code, for example, C #.
- a JaVa application program usually consists of multiple classes.
- a class is the smallest unit of execution of a J a V a, and usually has multiple methods and fields. (Variables). Methods define behavior, and fields define data.
- Figure 4 shows two examples of the source code of the class of the Java application.
- Class A describes the process of calling the print method of class B (ClassB) and passing the character string "He1 1 o”
- class B describes the process of displaying the character string. ing. Therefore, when the intermediate code of class A is natively compiled, it is necessary to verify whether other classes and methods referenced by class A exist, and so on. This is to prevent a situation in which the program becomes unexecutable when the native code is compiled and executed.
- Figure 5 shows an example of external reference information for classes A and B in Figure 4.
- Figure 5 (a) shows the information that Class A shows to the outside
- Figure 5 (b) shows the information that Class B shows to the outside.
- the information that a certain class shows to the outside is the external reference information used by another class, including its class name, super class name, method information, etc.
- the method information includes the method number, method name, access restriction, argument information and return value information of each method included in the class.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a first data conversion method from the JaVa source code to the corresponding native code in the present embodiment.
- the process of obtaining the Java code 41, which is the intermediate code, by JaVa compilation (byte code, decompile) from the Java code is the same as before.
- the server uses the Java bytecode 41
- the download data 42a including the section reference information is generated.
- this native compilation pre-processing is referred to as native compilation.
- external reference information necessary for native compilation of the class is added as a header for each class. That is, to the byte code block 431 corresponding to a certain class, a header 421, which is a set of external reference information on the class referred to by the class, is added.
- the information that a class is showing to the outside need not be included in the header of that class.
- the header 4 2 2 to be added to the byte code block 4 3 2 includes the header 4 2 1 of the previously transmitted pipe code block 4 3 1 Can be omitted.
- the header 4 2 3 to be added to the byte code block 4 3 3 is included in the headers 4 2 1 and 4 2 2 of the byte code blocks 4 3 1 and 4 3 2 transmitted earlier. External reference information can be omitted. In this way, the total information amount of the header can be reduced. For classes that do not reference other classes at all, there is no need to add a header to the bytecode block.
- the download data 42 a having such a configuration is received on the mobile communication terminal side, and native compilation is performed in the order of reception for each block of the JaVa bytecode in class units.
- each of the pipe code blocks 431, 432, and 433 uses the external reference information in the respective headers 421, 4222, and 423 and the previously received one.
- the external reference information added for each class is added as a header to the head of each byte code block. This is preferable because it is necessary to prepare external reference information at an early stage, but it is not necessarily limited to this. For example, a suitable effect can be obtained by adding it to the end of each byte code block (as a footer) or dispersing it inside the unit block.
- FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of a process corresponding to the data conversion method of FIG.
- the first half of this processing corresponds to the processing of the server 20 and the second half corresponds to the processing of the mobile communication terminal 10.
- the intermediate code of the specified application program is sent from the server. It is assumed that the message is transmitted to a mobile communication terminal.
- the server 20 converts the source program 40 to be transmitted into an intermediate code (JaVa pipe code) 41 using a bytecode compiler (S1). That is, the source code is tokenized (S 11), its horns are separated (S 12), and the intermediate code is generated (S 13).
- the server 20 further performs a primitive compilation on the intermediate code 41 (s2). Specifically, external reference information relating to the reference of another block is collected for each block (here, class) (S14), and this external reference information is added to each block as a header (S15).
- the download data 42a is prepared, and the download data 42a is sequentially transmitted to the mobile communication terminal in units of blocks via the communication network.
- the mobile communication terminal sequentially receives the download data 42a in units of blocks (S3), and temporarily stores it in the reception cache memory 51.
- the reception cache memory 51 is provided, for example, in the RAM 102 (FIG. 2).
- the mobile communication terminal extracts the intermediate code in the reception cache memory 51 for each unit block 43 and performs native compilation processing (S4). . That is, the intermediate code is converted into a CPU-dependent native code while referring to necessary external reference information. More specifically, this native compilation checks the validity of reference to other classes (S16), generates native code (S17), and optimizes (S17). 18). Checking the validity of a class reference is based on the external reference information as shown in Fig.
- a native code block 44 is obtained by native compilation for each block. These native code blocks 44 are stored in a code cache memory 52 (in RAM 102). The mobile communication terminal then links these native code blocks 44 and stores them in a native code storage unit 53 as native code 45 to be executed. As the native code storage unit 53, a RAM 102 or a flash memory 103 can be used. When the native code is stored in a nonvolatile manner, the latter is used. The native code obtained in this way is stored in the execution memory 54 (in RAM 102) and executed by the CPU.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the second data conversion; Parts corresponding to those in FIG. 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the difference from the first data conversion method in Fig. 6 is that in the first data conversion method, the class code and the external reference information required for the class are grouped into blocks for each class.
- a set of external reference information required for all classes is collected (concentrated) in one external reference information file 46.
- This external reference information file 46 is a set of information (FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b)) that each class shows to the outside without duplication.
- the external reference information file 46 is first transmitted at the time of download, prior to the pite code block when transmitted from the server to the mobile communication terminal.
- the external reference information file 46 when performing native compilation on mobile communication terminals. By doing so, the information necessary for native compilation can be obtained for the class at the discrepancy. Note that the external reference information file 46 does not necessarily need to include the information that each class shows to the outside for all classes. That is, there is no need to include that information for classes that are not referenced by other classes. Also, it is not always necessary to use the file format, and it is sufficient that substantially equivalent data included in the file is attached to the bytecode.
- FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of a process corresponding to the data conversion method of FIG. This process is similar to the first process in FIG. 7, and the differences will be mainly described.
- the difference is the contents of the primitive compilation process S2 in the server and the native compilation process S4 in the mobile communication terminal.
- precompile process S2 external reference information about other block references is collected for each block (here, class) (S24), and this external reference information is collectively externally referenced.
- An information file 46 is generated (S25).
- the native compile process S4 in the mobile communication terminal is the same as the native compile process S4 in FIG. 7, except that the native compile process is performed with reference to the external reference information file 46.
- the external reference information required for that class is stored in the external reference information file 4 received first. 6 so that native compilation can be performed immediately.
- Native compilation starts after the first pitecode block has been received, but may start before the first pitecode block has been received.
- the external reference information file may be compressed at the time of transmission and decompressed at the receiving end for use.
- the present invention has the most remarkable effect in the above-described wireless communication network, but can be widely applied to downloading of intermediate codes on a communication network including a wired communication network.
- the present invention is not limited to downloading intermediate codes from a server to a client terminal, but can also be applied to intermediate code transfer between terminals.
- the external reference information is generated by the server in a prenative compile process and transmitted together with the intermediate code, so that the mobile communication terminal device can obtain the external reference information before the intermediate code is completely received.
- the present invention is suitable for application to a communication system having a relatively low communication speed.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/545,623 US20060174235A1 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-17 | Native compile method, native compile preprocessing method, computer program, and server |
JP2005502703A JP3757235B2 (ja) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-17 | ネイティブコンパイル方法、ネイティブコンパイル前処理方法、コンピュータプログラム、サーバ、通信システム、および移動体通信端末装置 |
EP04711688A EP1598739A4 (en) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-17 | NATIVE COMPILATION METHOD, NATIVE COMPILATION PRETREATMENT METHOD, COMPUTER PROGRAM, AND SERVER |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2003039406 | 2003-02-18 | ||
JP2003-039406 | 2003-02-18 |
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WO2004075048A1 true WO2004075048A1 (ja) | 2004-09-02 |
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PCT/JP2004/001696 WO2004075048A1 (ja) | 2003-02-18 | 2004-02-17 | ネイティブコンパイル方法、ネイティブコンパイル前処理方法、コンピュータプログラム、およびサーバ |
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US (1) | US20060174235A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1598739A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3757235B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100346297C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004075048A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1751291A (zh) | 2006-03-22 |
CN100346297C (zh) | 2007-10-31 |
US20060174235A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
JPWO2004075048A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
EP1598739A1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
EP1598739A4 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
JP3757235B2 (ja) | 2006-03-22 |
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