WO2004047284A1 - 風力発電装置 - Google Patents
風力発電装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004047284A1 WO2004047284A1 PCT/JP2003/014463 JP0314463W WO2004047284A1 WO 2004047284 A1 WO2004047284 A1 WO 2004047284A1 JP 0314463 W JP0314463 W JP 0314463W WO 2004047284 A1 WO2004047284 A1 WO 2004047284A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- generator
- wind
- rotation speed
- speed
- rotation
- Prior art date
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 40
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001442 anti-mosquito Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/026—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for starting-up
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0272—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor by measures acting on the electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2220/00—Application
- F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
- F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wind power generator. Background art
- wind power generators can be classified according to the mounting direction of the shaft that supports the wind turbine, and can be classified into a vertical shaft type where the mounting direction of the shaft is vertical and a horizontal shaft type where the mounting direction of the shaft is horizontal.
- the vertical axis type includes the Savonius type and the Darius type
- the horizontal axis type includes the propeller type.
- wind power generators are classified according to whether drag or lift acts dominantly as the torque for rotating the wind turbine, those with the main form of drag will be of the drag type and lift will be the main type.
- a certain shape can be classified as a lift type, and a shape in which drag and lift act at the same level can be classified as a combined drag / lift type.
- the above Savonius type belongs to anti-mosquito type
- the above Darius type and propeller type belong to lift type.
- an anti-power type windmill has the advantage that it can generate power even at low speeds because the windmill rotates well even at low speeds, such as light winds.
- the disadvantage of being larger and less economical is more noticeable.
- anti-power type wind turbines have a large blade area so that they can start to rotate even at low wind speeds.
- the deceleration resistance increases as the area of the motor increases, which causes a problem that the power generation efficiency decreases.
- a lift-type wind turbine has the advantage that it can easily handle not only low-power generation but also high-power generation because of its structure.For example, some wind turbines have a small wind speed of 12. It has the advantage that it can generate as much as 40 OW of electricity with a wind of 5 m / s.
- the wind turbine is provided with a blade angle adjustment function, and this adjustment function enables rotation even at a lower wind speed than the conventional blade angle fixed type.
- a method has been proposed that allows the user to start (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator capable of suppressing noise or vibration during a strong wind.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator capable of maintaining power generation while suppressing the number of revolutions in a strong wind.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generator capable of maintaining power generation while suppressing the number of rotations in a strong wind and minimizing a change in charge / discharge current of a storage battery. It is.
- a fourth object of the present invention is a wind power generator having a start assist function, which can start rotation even at a low wind speed, the start assist function is compatible with miniaturization, and the power supply at the time of start assist rotation is available.
- the goal is to provide a wind power generator that can save as much as possible.
- a wind power generator according to the present invention includes a permanent magnet type generator that generates electric power by being linked to a rotating shaft of a rotor that rotates in the forward direction by wind power, and switches the generator to a motor to sequentially rotate the rotating shaft.
- Another wind power generator includes a rectifier circuit connected to a wind power generator that generates an AC voltage, and at least one switch element connected to the rectifier circuit, and controls on / off of the switch element.
- a DC-DC conversion circuit for converting the level of the DC output voltage of the rectifier circuit, a rotation speed detecting means for detecting a rotation speed of the wind power generator, and a signal indicating a limit rotation speed of the wind power generator.
- a limiting rotation speed signal generating unit a comparing unit that compares a signal indicating the detected speed obtained from the rotating speed detecting unit with a signal indicating the limited rotating speed obtained from the limited rotating speed signal generating unit, Controlling the switch element so that the voltage of the output stage of the DC-DC converter becomes a predetermined value, and indicating that the detection speed is higher than the limit rotation speed.
- the DC one DC variable in response to an output of the serial comparison means
- a switch control circuit for controlling the switch element so as to increase the output voltage of the switching circuit; and a start-up assisting means for performing a start-up assist rotation for switching the wind turbine to an electric motor to rotate the rotating shaft in a forward direction.
- generator return means for returning the wind motor to the generator when the start assist rotation by the start assist means is stopped.
- Still another wind power generator of the present invention includes: a rectifier circuit connected to a wind power generator that generates an AC voltage; and at least one switch element connected to the rectifier circuit.
- a DC-DC converter for converting the level of the DC output voltage of the rectifier circuit by off control; a DC-AC converter connected to the DC-DC converter; and detecting a rotation speed of the wind power generator.
- Rotation speed detection means, limited rotation speed signal generation means for generating a signal indicating the limited rotation speed of the wind power generator, a signal indicating the detected speed obtained from the rotation speed detection means, and the limited rotation speed signal generation Comparing means for comparing a signal indicating the limited rotation speed obtained from the means, and controlling the DC-AC conversion circuit and determining that the detected speed is higher than the limited rotation speed.
- Still another wind power generator of the present invention is a wind turbine, an AC generator having a motor rotated by the wind turbine, a rectifier circuit connected to the AC generator, and a rectifier circuit connected to the rectifier circuit.
- the rotation detector and the base When the detected rotation speed obtained from the rotation detector exceeds the reference rotation speed, the ratio between the input voltage and the output voltage of the power conversion circuit is connected to the quasi-rotation speed setting device and the power conversion circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a plot diagram showing a wind turbine generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a wind turbine generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 to FIG. 6 are diagrams illustrating a rotation speed detection circuit according to the first and second embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit block diagram of a wind power generator having a start assist function according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the start assist function in the wind turbine generator.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit block diagram of a wind turbine generator according to the fourth embodiment in which the timer device is provided as an independent circuit so that self-consumption power can be further reduced.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit block diagram showing an example in which the start timing of the start assist function is monitored by a wind speed sensor.
- FIGS. 11 to 13 are diagrams for explaining wind speed measurement using a short-circuit current at the time of stoppage.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an auxiliary stop circuit for no power supply and open failure.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the rated power control. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a wind power control device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. -'
- Wind power generator 1 rectifier circuit 2, DC-DC converter 3 as output current control means and DC-DC conversion means, inverter 4, load 5, interconnection protection device 6, and commercial power interconnection
- a terminal 7, a charging circuit 8, a storage battery 9, a rotation control circuit 10, a fixed load 11 for setting an upper limit rotation speed, and a switch 12 are provided.
- the wind power generator 1 is a known alternator including a rotor 14 composed of a permanent magnet coupled to a wind turbine 13 and a stator having a three-phase armature winding 15.
- the alternator may be either an external magnet type or an internal magnet type.
- a rectifier circuit as an AC-DC converter connected to the armature winding 15 of the wind power generator 1 is a well-known three-phase bridge type rectifier circuit, which is used to rotate the windmill 13 and the rotor 14.
- the three-phase AC voltage generated in the armature winding 15 is converted into a DC voltage based on this.
- the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 2 has a relatively low value of, for example, 50 V or less.
- the DC-DC converter 3 connected to the rectifier circuit 2 converts the output voltage of the rectifier circuit 2 to a higher voltage (for example, 350 V), and controls the output voltage of the converter 3 to be constant. According to the present invention, the output voltage is adjusted so as to control the output current. Therefore, converter 3 has not only the function of DC conversion but also the function as current control means for limiting the rotational speed according to the present invention.
- the inverter 4 connected to the converter 3 converts the DC voltage output from the converter 3 into a sine-wave AC voltage having a commercial frequency (for example, 50 Hz). Inverter, half-bridge type inverter, etc. Can be configured.
- the load 5 connected to the inverter 4 is an AC load in the wind power generation system.
- the interconnection protection device 6 connected between the inverter 4 and the commercial interconnection terminal 7 is a commercial power supply, a switch for disconnecting the wind power generation system from the commercial side in the event of a power outage, and various known switches required for interconnection. Means.
- the charging circuit 8 connected to the inverter 4 charges the storage battery 9 by rectifying the output voltage of the inverter 4 or the voltage supplied from the commercial interconnection terminal 7. It is also possible to connect the charging circuit 8 to the converter 3 and charge the storage battery 9 with the DC output voltage of the converter 3 as shown by the broken line.
- the storage battery 9 When the storage battery 9 is not fully charged, the storage battery 9 functions as a load in the airflow power generation system.
- the storage battery 9 is connected to the input terminal of the inverter 4 via the diode 16 as this discharging means in order to supply the power of the storage battery 9 to the load 5. Note that an inverter dedicated to battery output may be connected between the battery 9 and the load 5.
- the rotation speed limiting load 1 1 for suppressing the rotation speed of the wind power generator 1 to the upper limit value is connected to the rectifier circuit 2 via the switch 12.
- the load 11 can be connected to the output terminal of the converter 3 or the output terminal of the inverter 4 or the output terminal of the armature winding 15.
- the rotation control circuit 10 consists of a rotation speed detector 17, a standard mode signal generator 18, a day / night switching mode signal generator 19, a limited rotation speed signal generator 20, and an upper limit rotation speed signal generator 2 1 And first and second comparators 22 and 23 and mode selection switches S1 and S2.
- the rotation speed detector 17 is connected to the output line 15 a of the armature winding 15, detects the frequency of the output AC voltage of the generator 1, and detects a speed having a voltage value corresponding to this frequency. Outputs signal Vs.
- the standard mode signal generator 18 controls the rotation speed of the generator 1 in the standard mode. To generate a standard signal Ml indicating that the operation is to be performed.
- the standard mode is a mode in which the rotation speed is suppressed under the same conditions throughout the day, that is, 24 hours.
- the day / night switching mode signal generator 19 has a built-in timer 19a, for example, a high-level signal indicating the first time zone of 8:00 to 20 'as daytime and a night time of 20 to 8:00
- a day / night switching mode signal M2 including a low-level signal indicating the second time zone is generated.
- a day / night switching mode signal can be created by automatically performing day / night determination using an optical sensor, solar power generation, or the like.
- the standard mode signal generator 18 is connected to the limited rotation speed signal generator 20 via the standard mode selection switch S1, and the day / night switching mode signal generator 19 is used to select the day / night switching mode S2. Connected to the limited rotational speed signal generator 20 via the control unit. Switches S l and S 2 are alternatively turned on. Instead of providing the switches S l and S 2, the standard mode signal generator 18 and the day / night switching mode signal generator 1.9 are operated alternatively, and the signals M 1 and M 2 are alternatively used. Can also be sent to The limited rotation speed signal generator 20 generates a limited rotation speed signal Vr1 or Vr2 having a voltage proportional to the limited rotation speed according to the specified mode.
- One input terminal of the first comparator 22 is connected to the speed detector 17, and the other input terminal is connected to the output line 29 of the limited rotational speed signal generator 20. Since the line 29 becomes the first reference voltage Vr1 or the second reference voltage Vr2, the rotation speed detection signal Vs obtained from the speed detector 17 becomes the first or second rotation speed. A high-level comparison output is obtained on the output line 32 during a period in which the voltage is higher than the reference voltages Vr1 and Vr2, and this is sent to the converter 3 and used to suppress an increase in the rotation speed of the generator 1. .
- One input terminal of the second comparator 23 is connected to the speed detector 17
- the force terminal is connected to the upper limit rotational speed signal generator 21.
- the upper-limit rotation speed signal generator 21 generates an upper-limit rotation speed signal including a third reference voltage Vr3 higher than the first reference voltage Vr1.
- the comparator 23 sends a high-level output to the line 33, and controls the switch 12 to turn on.
- the switch 12 is turned on, the load 11 having a relatively small resistance value is connected to the rectifier circuit 2, and the output current of the generator 1, that is, the armature current is increased.
- the increase in the rotation speed of the generator 1 is suppressed.
- the control by the second comparator 23 occurs when the rotation speed of the generator 1 is not suppressed to a desired value by the control of the converter 3 by the output of the first comparator 22.
- the rotation speed cannot be suppressed to the desired value only by the rotation speed suppression operation based on the output of the first comparator 22 and the detected rotation speed Vs becomes higher than the third reference voltage Vr3,
- the switch 12 is turned on by the output of the comparator 23 of 2, so that the output current of the generator 1 increases and the increase in the rotation speed is suppressed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the increase in the rotation speed can be suppressed smoothly and in small increments by both the converter 3 and the auxiliary load 11.
- the first problem of the present invention is solved.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a block diagram of the wind turbine generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the wind power generator of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 includes a wind turbine 41, an AC generator 42 having a rotor rotated by the wind turbine 41, and a rectifier circuit 43 connected to the AC generator 42.
- the control circuit 50 includes an input voltage detection circuit 49 for detecting the voltage of the capacitor 44 and a control circuit 50.
- the power conversion circuit 45 is connected to the first and second DC power supply lines 51 and 52 connected to the smoothing capacitor 44, and has a ratio Vout_ between the input voltage Vin and the output voltage Vout. It is configured so that Vin can be changed.
- the storage battery 46 also functions as a smoothing capacitor, but the smoothing capacitor can be connected to the storage battery 46.
- the rotation speed detector 48 detects the rotation speed, that is, the rotation speed of the rotor of the wind turbine 41, that is, the generator 42, by a known method, and outputs a rotation speed detection signal Fd.
- the input voltage detection circuit 49 detects the input voltage V i11 of the power conversion circuit 45 and outputs a voltage detection signal V in.
- V in the input voltage and the output voltage of the input voltage detection circuit 49 are indicated by V in.
- the input voltage V in corresponds to the output voltage of the generator 42.
- the control circuit 50 is connected to the rotation speed detector 48, the voltage detection circuit 49, and the power conversion circuit 45, and the detected rotation speed Fd obtained from the rotation speed detector 48 is the reference rotation speed F r When it exceeds, the input voltage Vin and the output voltage V of the power conversion circuit 45.
- the power conversion circuit 45 is controlled to increase the ratio V out / V in between and. More specifically, the control circuit 50 detects the reference rotation speed setter 53 for setting the reference rotation speed Fr corresponding to the limit rotation speed of the wind turbine 41 and the rotation speed detector 48.
- a voltage determination table 54 as generator output voltage determining means for determining the output voltage of the generator 42 that can obtain the maximum power from the generator 42 at the detected rotational speed Fd, and the detected rotational speed Fd
- a subtractor 55 as a first subtraction means for calculating a difference ⁇ F between the rotation speed difference Fr and the reference rotation speed Fr.
- a coefficient table 56 as a coefficient generating means for sending a value smaller than 1 as a coefficient
- a multiplier 57 as a multiplication means for forming the correction voltage command signal V2 by multiplying the determined output voltage V1 obtained from the determination table 54 by the coefficient K obtained from the coefficient table 56
- a subtractor 58 as a second subtraction means for obtaining a difference ⁇ Vin between the input voltage command signal V 2 obtained from the multiplier 57 and the detection voltage Vin obtained from the input voltage detection circuit 49 is provided.
- the second subtracter 58 and the output Vin of the output circuit 49 of the input voltage detecting circuit 49 are corrected based on the voltage difference Vin obtained from the second subtractor 58. It comprises a control calculator 59 and a pulse generator 60 as a control signal forming circuit for forming a signal for controlling the power conversion circuit 45 so as to approach 2.
- the reference rotation speed setting device 53 can be provided outside the control circuit 50.
- the voltage determination table 54 is formed of a memory, and stores the relationship between the rotation speed Fd and the generator output voltage VI for obtaining the maximum power.
- the table 54 may store the voltage V1 for all the rotation speeds Fd, or may store the rotation speed Fd selected stepwise and the voltage VI.
- the data corresponding to the detected rotation speed Fd is not found in the table 54, the data of the rotation speed close to the detected rotation speed Fd is used.
- an arithmetic expression may be stored in the memory instead of the table 54, and the voltage V1 may be determined by substituting the detected rotational speed Fd into the arithmetic expression.
- the voltage VI indicates the output voltage of the generator 42 and the input voltage of the power conversion circuit 45 from which the maximum power can be obtained from the generator 42.
- Voltage determination table 54 uses the detected rotational speed Fd obtained from rotational speed detectors 48 as an address signal, and outputs a signal indicating target voltage VI corresponding thereto. When the wind is not strong, the voltage V 1 output from the table 54 becomes the target output voltage of the generator 42.
- the output of the first subtractor 55 is AF> 0,
- the value of ⁇ at this time can be set to 1 / mF.
- the coefficient ⁇ ⁇ corresponding to the value of ⁇ as an address is output.
- store data indicating the relationship between many values of ⁇ F and many values of coefficient ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ in the memory store an arithmetic expression indicating the relationship between and ⁇ , and substitute the value of ⁇ F into this equation. To determine the coefficient ⁇ .
- Multiplier 17 obtains KV 1 -V 2 by multiplying voltage V 1 output from table 54 by coefficient ⁇ ⁇ output from table 56 and outputs this.
- V2 is a voltage command signal corrected for strong wind.
- the control computing unit 59 having the input of the input voltage Vin is composed of, for example, a well-known proportional integration circuit (P I circuit), and forms a duty ratio signal Don corresponding to AV in.
- P I circuit proportional integration circuit
- a duty ratio signal D o ⁇ that is, a duty command signal corresponding to a signal obtained by smoothing AV in is obtained.
- the pulse generator 60 as a switch control signal forming means forms a control signal Vg having a pulse having a width designated by the duty ratio signal D on and sends the control signal V g to the gate of the switch Q 1 of the power conversion circuit 45.
- the second and third problems of the present invention are solved.
- a method of detecting a rotation signal by a rotation speed sensor or the like installed on a rotating shaft of a generator is often used.
- a circuit for measuring the number of rotations from a pulsating signal included in the output of the generator without using a rotation sensor is often used. This allows the control device to accurately measure the number of revolutions using only the two-wire power line.
- a permanent magnet generator rotating N times per minute see Fig. 3
- the relationship between the number of magnet poles P and the AC output frequency F is
- Figure 4 shows the output signal after full-wave rectification in a generator with three-phase windings.
- Fig. 6 shows a synthesis circuit that combines the signals output from the amplifier with the voltage waveform at the time of light wind and the amplifier with the current waveform at the time of light wind or more, and can measure the rotation speed stably in the front wind speed range. is there. That is, by inputting the current waveform and the voltage waveform VI coming from the resistor R to the operational amplifier 100 at OR, the rotation speed can be measured using either of them.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit block diagram of a wind turbine generator having a start assist function according to the third embodiment.
- the wind power generator 90 includes a three-phase AC generator 61, a three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit 62, a switching relay 63, a drive circuit 64, a timer device 65, and a rotation speed. It is composed of a measuring device 66.
- the load circuit 70 stored by the wind power generator 90 includes a battery charge controller 71, a battery 72, and a DC / DC converter 73.
- the three-phase AC generator 61 includes a rotor 61 a composed of a permanent magnet, and a stator composed of a three-phase energized winding 61 b surrounding the rotor 61 a.
- the switching relay 6 3 has a power generation mode in which a rotor 61 a is rotated by a wind turbine 67 rotating in response to wind to generate power by generating three-phase AC power in the stator 61 b, and a driving mode.
- the circuit is switched to a start-up assist mode in which the stator 61 b is energized by the circuit 64 and the rotor 61 a is rotated to start and rotate the wind turbine.
- the power generation mode corresponds to a state in which the interlocking switch of the switching relay 63 in the figure is open
- the start assist mode corresponds to a state in which the interlocking switch is closed.
- the three-phase AC generator 61 performs an intermittent rotation operation for assisting start based on an instruction from the drive circuit 64.
- the three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit 62 When the three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit 62 is in the power generation mode, that is, when the three-phase AC generator 61 is operated as a generator, the three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit 62 receives the wind of a predetermined speed or more and rotates the windmill 67 to rotate. The three-phase AC voltage generated in the current winding 61 b based on the rotation of the rotor 61 a is converted into a DC voltage through the three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit 62. To the load circuit 70 at the subsequent stage.
- the switching relay 63 switches the three interlocking switches to the voltage output side (during power generation) or the voltage input side (during start-up assistance) according to an instruction from the drive circuit 64.
- the drive circuit 64 is started by the timing signal from the timer device 65, and changes the rotation direction of the rotor 61a as an electric motor from the winding 61b during the coasting rotation of the rotor 61a. Judgment is made based on the output voltage, correct in the correct direction of rotation, make the motor perform the main rotation for assisting starting, and The driving operation is stopped by the timing signal of (2). Here, the driving operation is stopped, but the windmill 67 can rotate for a certain time due to the inertia obtained by the driving operation.
- the timer 65 is used as a first timer to measure a predetermined time for rotating the motor based on the time when the power generation mode is switched to the start assist mode based on the notification from the rotation speed measuring device 66. It has a function and a timekeeping function as a second timekeeping means for timing a period of suspension of the drive operation to the electric motor immediately after the completion of the timekeeping function as the first timekeeping means.
- the predetermined time period ′ measured by the time counting function as the first time measuring means is, for example, 6 seconds
- the predetermined rotation drive operation suspension period measured by the time measuring function as the second time measuring means is, for example, 5 4 seconds.
- the time data of the deviation is also set in advance in the timer device in hardware or software.
- the entire drive mode is always switched to the power generation mode (a state in which the interlocking switch is switched to the contact direction at the time of power generation).
- the rotational speed measuring device 66 When the three-phase AC generator 61 is generating power in the power generation mode, the rotational speed measuring device 66 outputs a voltage output from the energizing winding 61 b and regulated by the three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit 62.
- the rotation speed N of the rotor 61 a is monitored by referring to Vm, and when the rotation speed N falls below a predetermined rotation speed Na, the driving mode of the timer device 65 is started from the power generation mode. Notifies that the mode has been switched to the auxiliary mode.
- the rotation speed measuring device 66 monitors the rotation speed N of the rotor 61 a of the three-phase AC generator 61 as a motor in the start-up assist mode, and the rotation speed N is equal to the predetermined rotation speed N b When it is higher than the threshold value, the timer device 65 is notified that the drive mode has been switched from the start-up assist mode to the power generation mode.
- the predetermined rotation speed Nb is, for example, 200 rpm. Note that this rotation speed is a rotation speed indicating that the wind turbine rotating in the start-up assist mode has received a wind pressure that can sufficiently withstand power generation and is rotating more than the rotation force of the electric motor.
- the DC / DC converter 73 of the load circuit 20 extracts the voltage of the battery 72, converts the voltage into an optimal voltage, and converts the voltage into the drive circuit 64, the timer device 65, and the rotation speed measuring device 6 Supply to 6.
- electric power for driving the three-phase AC generator 61 as an electric motor is supplied by supplying a voltage to the drive circuit 64.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the starting assist function in the wing angle fixed lift type horizontal axis wind turbine generator with the starting assist function having the above-described configuration. This processing is performed by the logic circuits incorporated in the various devices such as the drive circuit 64, the timer device 5, the rotation speed measurement device 66, and the battery charge controller 71 in FIG. It is processed by a processing program stored in the internal memory of the CPU.
- the rotation speed measuring device 66 determines whether the rotation speed of the wind turbine, that is, the rotation speed N of the rotor 61 a is lower than a predetermined rotation speed Na (step S). 1).
- the monitoring of the rotation speed N of the rotor 61a is continued as it is.
- the three-phase AC generator 61 is in the power generation mode in the power generation mode, the power generation is continued.
- the rotor 61a as the electric motor is in the intermittent rotation drive operation suspension period in the start-up assist mode and is switched to the power generation mode and is performing the coasting rotation, the coasting rotation is continued.
- step S1 determines that the rotation speed N of the rotor 61a is lower than the predetermined rotation speed Na (S1 is Y), in that case, the mode is switched to the start-up assist mode (step S1). S 2). That is, the timer device 65 is started by the notification from the rotation speed measuring device 66, and the drive circuit 64 starts operating by the timing signal from the timer device 65.
- the drive circuit 64 applies a three-phase AC voltage for one cycle to the current-carrying winding 61b of the three-phase AC generator 61, which has been turned into an electric motor in the start-up assist mode, and the voltage thereafter.
- the rotation direction of the coasting rotation by driving the rotor 6 1a for the current one cycle is referred to, the force that is the rotation in the forward direction, which is the rotation in the power generation direction, and the rotation in the opposite direction. Is determined (step S3).
- Timing as a timing means (hereinafter referred to as an operation timer), for example, timing of 6 seconds is started, and it is determined whether or not the timing period has ended (step S5).
- step S3 if the rotation direction detected in step S3 is the reverse rotation direction, the power supply timing to the power supply winding 61b is changed to perform the reverse start (start in the forward rotation direction) (Ste S4), the process proceeds to step S5.
- step S5 if the time period of the operation timer has not been finished yet (S5 is N), subsequently, the rotation speed N of the rotor 61a is lower than the predetermined rotation speed N. It is determined whether or not the force is applied (step S6).
- step S5 when the time period of the operation timer ends (S5 is Y), time measurement as second time measurement means (hereinafter, referred to as a standby timer) by the timer device 65 is started, It is determined whether or not the clocking period has ended (step S7), and a standby state is set until the clocking period ends (S7 is N).
- a standby timer time measurement as second time measurement means
- the rotation of the rotation timer for assisting the start is not performed forever and the standby timer is used.
- a predetermined period of time for example, a standby period of 54 seconds is set, and during the predetermined period (54 seconds), unnecessary start-up assisting rotary drive in the absence of wind power can be stopped.
- the time period of the standby timer is 54 seconds while the time period of the operation timer is 6 seconds, the driving period becomes 1/1/10 as a whole and the power generation starts.
- the power saving effect of 9Z10 can be exhibited as compared with the case where the rotation drive for starting assistance is continued until the start.
- step S6 the start-up assistance is performed once a minute for 6 seconds until the rotation of the rotor 6la reaches or exceeds the rotation speed Nb at which the power can be continuously generated by wind power. Is rotated.
- step S6 when the rotation of the rotor 61 a becomes equal to or more than the rotation speed Nb as determined in step S6 (S6 is Y), the rotation is performed from the rotation speed measurement device 66 via the timer device 65. In response to the notification, the rotation drive operation of the start assist by the drive circuit 64 is stopped. That is, the drive mode is switched to the power generation mode.
- step S8 the control is taken over by the battery charge controller 71, and the battery charge controller 71 determines whether or not to charge the generated power (step S8).
- step S9 the battery ⁇ 2 is charged (step S9), and the processes of steps S8 and S9 are repeated.
- charging of battery 72 from three-phase AC generator 11 is continued.
- step S8 If it is determined in step S8 that the battery is no longer in a chargeable state (N in S8), the process proceeds to step S7 described above. As a result, when the wind speed decreases and sufficient power for charging cannot be obtained from the three-phase AC generator, the operation shifts to the start-up assisting operation mode in steps S1 to S7, or if the wind speed is sufficient for power generation. If the battery is present and the battery 72 is sufficiently charged, the battery charge controller 71 automatically controls the windmill 67 so that power cannot be generated.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit block diagram of a horizontal axis wind power generator in which the timer device according to the fourth embodiment is provided as an independent circuit so that self-consumption power can be further reduced.
- the timer device 65 is always supplied with power from the DC / DC converter 73, but in the example shown in FIG. 9, the timer device 65 is always supplied with the battery 72. It operates by receiving power supply, transmits a power supply request signal to the DC / DC converter 73 together with the condition judgment of the rotation speed measuring device 66, and supplies power to the drive circuit 64. ing.
- the DC / DC converter 73 can be stopped except when the start-up assist function is activated, and the power consumption as a whole can be reduced.
- switching between the power generation mode and the start-up assist mode is performed by switching the interlocking switch using the switching relay 13.
- the switching switch section may be constituted by a semiconductor element such as an FET.
- the time period set in the operation timer or the standby timer is not limited to a fixed time such as 6 seconds for driving and 54 seconds for pause as in the above example. It is not limited to fixing to / 10. For example, it may be set appropriately according to time of day, season, region, and the like.
- the operation setting of the automatic assist function in FIG. 8 is not particularly described, the operation setting of the above-described auxiliary assist function for performing the auxiliary start rotation once a minute, for example, is set to always operate. In this case, the power for the start-up assist function would be unnecessarily consumed when a completely windless state continued for a long time.
- a switch for manual operation or a switch operated by remote control may be provided so that the operation setting of the activation assist function can be switched between “setting” and “cancellation” by using this switch.
- a circuit may be added to detect that the voltage of the battery supplied with the power has fallen below a certain value and automatically stop the power supply to the DC / DC converter 73.
- a wind speed sensing device such as a wind speed sensor, or a wind speed measuring device consisting of a vertical shaft bowl-shaped windmill is provided to measure the wind speed, and when a predetermined amount of wind blows, the operation switch of the start-up assist function is activated. It may be configured to enter. In this case, it is desirable that the wind speed measuring device be small enough to operate by sensing the breeze.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of monitoring the timing of starting the operation of the start assist function by such a wind speed sensor. As shown in the figure, a wind speed detection device 80 separate from the wing angle fixed lift type horizontal axis wind power generation device 90 with a start assist function is arranged in the vicinity thereof.
- the wind speed detection device 80 includes a wind speed sensor 81 and a wind speed determination unit 82.
- a wind speed value suitable for starting the operation of the start assist function is set in advance in hardware or software.
- the wind speed determination unit 82 compares the wind speed value measured and input by the wind speed sensor 81 with the above-mentioned preset wind speed value, and when the input wind speed value exceeds the set wind speed value, the timer device 6 Inform 5 that the start timing of the start assist function has come.
- the start is performed by the start auxiliary function even at a low wind speed that cannot be rotated by a normal lift type horizontal axis wind generator.
- the auxiliary rotation allows the main rotation to start even at low wind speeds that cannot be started with a normal lift-type horizontal axis wind generator due to the inertia of this auxiliary rotation. It is possible to provide a fixed lift type horizontal axis wind power generator.
- the generator is also used as a start-up assist motor, a start-up assist power is provided.
- a start-up assist power is provided.
- it is a wind power generator, it can be downsized, thereby making it possible to provide an inexpensive wing angle fixed lift type horizontal axis wind power generator with a start assist function.
- the intermittent rotation with a long driving suspension period is performed as the auxiliary start rotation, the power used for the auxiliary start rotation can be suppressed as low as possible. This makes it possible to provide a fixed-wing-angle lift-type horizontal-axis wind turbine with a start-up assisting function that has reduced self-consumption while being a machine.
- the start-up assist function is activated only when an appropriate wind is generated while monitoring the wind speed
- the wing angle fixed lift type with start-up assist function that further reduces the self-consumption for the start-up assist circuit fe It is possible to provide a horizontal axis wind power generator. According to the third and fourth embodiments, the fourth problem of the present invention is solved.
- wind power generation stops or decelerates the windmill above the operating wind speed to prevent uncontrollable and dangerous high-speed rotation.
- This method includes mechanical control such as blade pitch control, disk brake, and furling.However, in a lift-type fixed-pitch horizontal axis wind turbine, the generator output can be short-circuited and electromagnetically braked. It is possible.
- the power generation determination unit that determines the generated power from the charge control circuit, the rotation speed determination unit, and the wind speed determination unit perform measurements, and as a result, switch whether to perform charging. It has become.
- a lift-type fixed-pitch horizontal-axis wind turbine when the generator output is short-circuited and electromagnetically braked, the blades do not stop completely, face the wind direction, and continue to rotate slowly.
- it is based on the principle that power generated by rotation is consumed by a short circuit.
- the rotation torque due to the lift is hardly obtained, and the rotation torque due to the drag becomes the mainstream.
- the principle is the same as that of a propeller-type anemometer, and the wind speed and rotation speed are almost proportional.
- the short-circuit current is almost proportional to the wind speed.
- Fig. 1 Refer to 2 This is a short-circuit current judgment circuit at the time of stoppage, and the short-circuit current flowing as a result of short-circuiting by the short-circuit switch can be measured.
- the threshold value is the short-circuit current value at the upper wind speed at which safe operation is possible. If the threshold value is less than the threshold value, the operation is resumed. If the short-circuit current value is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the stop state is continued for a predetermined time (see Fig. 13).
- the factors that determine that shutdown is necessary are a decrease in battery voltage and an increase in generator output voltage.
- the circuit in Fig. 14 consists of an N-channel FET for short-circuiting the wind generator input, a Schmitt trigger, one inverter, and a 6 V battery.
- a DC potential is applied to the FET gate to cause a short circuit.
- This circuit automatically returns to the open state from the short-circuit state when the system enters the normal system state.
- Schmitt trigger Since the inverter has a CMOS structure and the gate circuit of the FET is insulated, it consumes little power from a small battery and can operate without replacing the battery for a long time.
- a power conversion method in which an input voltage is commanded so as to reach a maximum power point with respect to a variation in wind speed is known.
- a method is used in which the input voltage is changed until the generated power reaches the maximum value by slightly fluctuating the input voltage, but only the current instantaneous power value is obtained and fed back.
- control is performed by storing an increase or decrease in the wind speed in the past as a change in the past as the change in the maximum power point, and predicting and determining the input voltage command value.
- the response to the wind speed fluctuation can be speeded up, and the efficiency can be improved.
- the maximum power point is also increasing. Based on the slope of the power increase, the amount of power in the future several seconds is predicted to determine the input voltage command value. If the wind speed is increasing, determine the input voltage command value higher than the voltage value at the maximum power point. As a result, the load on the wind turbine is temporarily reduced, and the speed of increase in the rotation speed is increased, so that it is possible to quickly follow the increase in the wind speed. The reverse operation is performed when the wind speed decreases.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the rated power control.
- the control is switched not from after exceeding the rated power but from about 10% less than the rated power.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/534,216 US7456510B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2003-11-13 | Wind power generator |
AU2003280773A AU2003280773A1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2003-11-13 | Wind power generator |
EP03772742.7A EP1562281B1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2003-11-13 | Wind power generator |
DK03772742.7T DK1562281T3 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2003-11-13 | Wind Generator |
JP2004553165A JP4249134B2 (ja) | 2002-11-15 | 2003-11-13 | 風力発電装置 |
US12/257,099 US8013459B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2008-10-23 | Wind power generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2002332463 | 2002-11-15 | ||
JP2002-332463 | 2002-11-15 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/534,216 A-371-Of-International US7456510B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2003-11-13 | Wind power generator |
US12/257,099 Division US8013459B2 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2008-10-23 | Wind power generator |
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WO2004047284A1 true WO2004047284A1 (ja) | 2004-06-03 |
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PCT/JP2003/014463 WO2004047284A1 (ja) | 2002-11-15 | 2003-11-13 | 風力発電装置 |
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US (2) | US7456510B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1562281B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4249134B2 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN101030752B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003280773A1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1562281T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004047284A1 (ja) |
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CN112855436A (zh) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-05-28 | 远景能源有限公司 | 一种用于风力发电机的安全装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2008228570A (ja) | 2008-09-25 |
EP1562281B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
US8013459B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 |
CN101030752A (zh) | 2007-09-05 |
US20060249957A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
CN101030752B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
EP1562281A1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
JPWO2004047284A1 (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
EP1562281A4 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
CN100338869C (zh) | 2007-09-19 |
JP4249134B2 (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
US7456510B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
CN1711675A (zh) | 2005-12-21 |
AU2003280773A1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
DK1562281T3 (en) | 2018-02-05 |
US20090079195A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
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