WO2004036936A1 - System and method fo operation for network overlay geolocation system with repeaters - Google Patents
System and method fo operation for network overlay geolocation system with repeaters Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004036936A1 WO2004036936A1 PCT/US2003/032580 US0332580W WO2004036936A1 WO 2004036936 A1 WO2004036936 A1 WO 2004036936A1 US 0332580 W US0332580 W US 0332580W WO 2004036936 A1 WO2004036936 A1 WO 2004036936A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- repeater
- mobile
- location
- mobile appliance
- geolocation
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
- G01S5/0045—Transmission from base station to mobile station
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0205—Details
- G01S5/0226—Transmitters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0273—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves using multipath or indirect path propagation signals in position determination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/27—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for locating or positioning the transmitter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2603—Arrangements for wireless physical layer control
- H04B7/2606—Arrangements for base station coverage control, e.g. by using relays in tunnels
Definitions
- Applicant's disclosure is directed generally towards a wireless communications network overlay for determining the location of mobile appliances.
- FCC Federal Communication Commission
- FCC 94-102 E911 the Federal Communication Commission
- wireless telecommunications providers are developing location-enabled services for their subscribers including roadside assistance, turn-by-turn driving directions, concierge services, location-specific billing rates and location-specific advertising.
- the providers of wireless communication services are installing mobile appliance location capabilities into their networks.
- these network overlay location systems take measurements on RF transmissions from mobile appliances at base station locations surrounding the mobile appliance, and estimate the location of the mobile appliance with respect to the base stations. Because the geographic location of the base stations is known, the determination of the location of the mobile appliance with respect to the base station permits the geographic location of the mobile appliance to be determined.
- the RF measurements of the transmitted signal at the base stations can include the time of arrival, the angle of arrival, the signal power, or the unique/repeatable radio propagation path (radio fingerprinting) derivable features.
- the geolocation systems can also use collateral information, e.g., information other than that derived for the RF measurement to assist in the geolocation of the mobile appliance, i.e., location of roads, dead-reckoning, topography, map matching etc.
- collateral information e.g., information other than that derived for the RF measurement to assist in the geolocation of the mobile appliance, i.e., location of roads, dead-reckoning, topography, map matching etc.
- the mobile appliance to be located is typically identified and radio channel assignments determined by (a) monitoring the control information transmitted on radio channel for telephone calls being placed by the mobile appliance or on a wireline interface to detect calls of interest, i.e., 911, (b) a location request provided by a non-mobile appliance source, i.e., an enhanced services provider.
- a location request provided by a non-mobile appliance source, i.e., an enhanced services provider.
- the monitoring of the RF transmissions from the mobile appliance or wireline interfaces to identify calls of interest is known as "tipping", and generally involves recognizing a call of interest being made from a mobile appliance and collecting the call setup information. Once the mobile appliance is identified and the call setup information is collected, the location determining system can be tasked to geolocate the mobile appliance.
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional mobile-appliance communication system having base stations 10 a-c for communicating with a mobile appliance 20.
- Each base station 10 contains signal processing equipment and an antenna for transmitting to and receiving signals from the mobile appliance 20 as well as other base stations.
- a Base Station Controller (“BSC”) and/or Mobile Switching Center (“MSC”) 45 typically is connected to each base station 10 through wireline connection 41.
- a mobile appliance location determining sensor 30 i.e., wireless location sensor (“WLS”) may be positioned at some or all of the base stations 10 to determine the location of mobile appliance 20 within the signal coverage area of the communication system.
- WLS wireless location sensor
- a network overlay system is generally composed of two main components, one that resides at the base station that makes measurements on the RF signal emanating from the wireless device, the WLS 30, and one that resides at the mobile switch that tasks the WLS groups to collect data and then uses the data to compute a location estimate, this latter component is generally referred to as the Geolocation Control System (“GCS”) 50.
- GCS Geolocation Control System
- MPC Mobile Positioning Center
- the tasking is accompanied by information on the mobile of interest including the serving base station and sector for the call and the RF channel (frequency, time slot, CDMA code, etc.) being used by the wireless communications network to complete the wireless connection.
- the GCS receives this tasking, based on the serving sector, it tasks a set of WLS units to make measurement on the RF emission of the mobile.
- the WLS units make the measurements, and report them to the GCS.
- the GCS then computes a location estimate using some mathematical or data matching algorithm.
- control signaling on RF or wireline interfaces used to set up calls in the wireless network can be scanned to detect the placement of a call of interest. GRA26 009
- the signaling that occurs on the RF control channel can be used to determine location, or call setup/channel assignment parameters can be extracted from the control messaging to determine which traffic channel to use for location related measurements.
- Network overlay location systems typically locate a mobile appliance on the traffic channels of a wireless network.
- the system typically uses sensors employing techniques of time difference of Arrival ("TDOA") supplemented with Angle of Arrival ("AOA”) in some case to perform a multi-site location computation.
- TDOA time difference of Arrival
- AOA Angle of Arrival
- the traffic channel assignment information is provided through a separate process, with one option being a wireline interface providing MOBINFO (IS-41 Mobile Information) parameters passed by the Mobile Positioning Center as part of the GPOSREQ (J-STD-036 Geolocation Position Request) message from the MPC to the GCS 50.
- MOBINFO IS-41 Mobile Information
- a repeater 50a associated with base station 10a, is located to extend the coverage area to encompass the back side of the mountain 1.
- the repeater 50b, associated with base station 10c is mounted on a building and is used to provide service within the building 2.
- non-translating repeater 250 simply passes the forward F ⁇ and reverse Rn frequencies from the base station 210 and mobile appliance 220 respectively to and from the repeater coverage location.
- wideband repeaters are "in-building" or serve limited coverage areas. While the description of non-translating repeaters above and translating repeaters below are described in reference to frequency, their operation can equally be described in terms of channels, and the use of the term frequency should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosed subject matter.
- a translating repeater assigns the mobile to a different traffic channel unbeknownst to the base station, mobile switch, MPC, and the base station controller. As shown in Figure 2b, the translating repeater uses the base station traffic channel R ⁇ for repeater 250 to base station 210 communication while the mobile appliance 220 utilizes a separate frequency Ro GRA26 009
- Translating repeaters act similarly in the forward direction using F ⁇ from the base station 210 to the repeater station 250 and Fo from the repeater station 250 to the mobile appliance 220. In both cases, the existence of the repeater is usually transparent to the network.
- Repeaters typically communicate with the host base station via an RF link as shown in Figure 3 between base station 310 and repeater 350a. This connection allows remote operation of the repeater without physical ties back to the host base station, which is particularly advantageous in rugged or other areas where laying lines are difficult or costly.
- Some repeaters generally non-translating repeaters, use a fiber optic or copper wire "tether" instead of an RF link to communicate with the host base station as shown in Figure 3, where base station 310 is connected to repeater station 350b by tether 351. RF signals are placed onto the tether at the repeater, and then summed into the normal base station antenna path at the antenna feed interface 311 at the host base station.
- the signal from the repeater is indistinguishable to the base station regarding its origin (e.g., from the base station antennas or from a tether).
- the host base station has no knowledge of the repeater's existence or that a call is being served by the repeater.
- Neither the base station nor the switch knows that a repeater is serving a call. Therefore the GPOSREQ information from the MPC which, in part, originates from the switch, is not able to alert the Geolocation system that a repeater is in use.
- a prior art network overlay location system attempts to locate a mobile being served by a repeater without knowing that a repeater is serving the mobile, a number of alternatives can occur.
- the location system may locate the mobile based on receiving only RF signals directly from the mobile at a sufficient number of sites to locate the mobile. This alternative is the same as if the repeater was not involved from the standpoint of the location system.
- Another alternative is that the location system would receive signals from the repeater backhaul link antenna, and produce a location.
- the location of the repeater antenna (rather than the mobile) would be the "worst case" geolocation computed location.
- a repeater installed as an in-building distribution system would use indoor antennas to communicate with the indoor handsets, and an outdoor antenna to communicate with the host base station. If the geolocation system were unable to locate the mobile itself, the location of the outdoor antenna (the repeater) would be used. Since GRA26 009
- the Phase I system typically does not know of repeater existence and uses the host cell's cell-sector information for location. While acceptable in some cases, as identified above, using the location of repeater 50a in Figure 1, would be of little use.
- the location system receives the RF signal from a mixed set of sources (some from the mobile and some from the repeater backhaul antenna)
- an erroneous location estimate can be generated.
- the location system does not receive RF at sufficient WLS sites to generate a location estimate due to the effects of the repeater action or transmitted power of the mobile or directionality of the repeated signal from the repeater backhaul antenna, no location estimates will be reported.
- the wireless communication system includes a mobile positioning center and the repeater is connected with a communication tether to the base station.
- a plurality of geolocation sensors are co-located with the plural base stations and the mobile positioning center provides mobile information to the geolocation system.
- the improvement includes the step of monitoring the communication system with the WLS and determining if a target mobile appliance is served by the at least one repeater.
- the repeater station is connected to the base stations with a communication tether.
- the improvement includes GRA26 009
- the improvement includes determining the location of the repeater station using mobile information parameters received from an MPC and using the location of the repeater station, or the centroid of the repeater's coverage area, as the location of the mobile appliance.
- the method includes the step wherein the repeater station relays a mobile appliance's signal on a different channel than the signal transmitted by the mobile appliance.
- the improvement includes relaying from the repeater station information regarding the channel of the mobile appliance's signal to a geolocation system and using the information to detect the mobile appliance's signal or repeater backhaul antenna signal and calculate the mobile appliance's location.
- the improvement includes using the first signal received from the mobile appliance at each of the plural base stations to determine the location of the mobile appliance.
- the host wireless communication system includes a base station and a repeater station connected by a GRA26 009
- the network overlay geolocation system has a geolocation sensor attached to the communication tether between the base station and said repeater station.
- the system includes a base station and a repeater station interconnected by a commumcation tether connected to the base station at an antenna feed interface and a mobile positioning center for providing mobile information.
- the network overlay geolocation system has a geolocation sensor co-located at the base station on the tether prior to the antenna feed interface.
- Figure 1 is a prior art wireless communication system with a network overlay geolocation system.
- Figure 2a is an illustration of the operation of a non-translating repeater station.
- Figure 2b is an illustration of the operation of a translating repeater station.
- Figure 3 is an illustration of a wireless communication system with repeater stations connected with an RF link and over a tether.
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of a geolocation sensor integrated into a base station before the antenna feed interface. GRA26 009
- the geolocation system can determine when a received signal from a mobile has passed through a repeater.
- Prior art systems do not have this capability and consequently treat all the signals received by the geolocation system as having been received directly from the target mobile.
- the ability to determine if a signal from a mobile has passed through a repeater enables embodiments of the disclosed subject matter to determine in some instances (a) at least a default location of a mobile (e.g., at the repeater) where the prior art could determine no location at all, and/or (b) a location of the mobile where the prior art may return a location with large errors.
- the foregoing are exemplary only and shall not be used to limit the invention. These examples and others are discussed in more detail below.
- geolocation systems using the present subject matter can better determine the location of a mobile appliance.
- a geolocation system of one embodiment of the present subject matter can compute the location of the mobile appliance itself and only fall back to the repeater's location (which may be, for example, the location of the repeater's electronics, the location of the repeater's antenna, or the location of the centroid of the repeater's coverage area) a low percentage of the time. This is accomplished by having the geolocation system focus on and use the signal(s) arriving earlier in time at the geolocation sensor locations for TDOA, AOA or other type of location method discussed herein when later- arriving signal(s) are delayed by an amount approximately equal to the repeater delay.
- repeaters add some time delay to the mobile signal, whether the repeater is translating or non-translating, tethered or untethered (sometimes referred to herein as RF Backhaul).
- the delay arises from the fact that the repeater receives a signal from the mobile, reproduces (or translates) and amplifies the signal, and then transmits the signal to the base station. Therefore, in most cases, signals that travel directly between the mobile and a GRA26 009
- geolocation system arrive earlier in time, by approximately a known amount (i.e., the repeater delay), before signals that travel from the mobile to the geolocation system through a repeater.
- a geolocation system of another embodiment of the present subject matter can compute the location of the mobile appliance itself and only fall back to the repeater's location a low percentage of the time.
- the repeater puts a tag on the mobile signal that passes through the repeater.
- the tag can be any type of tag added to a signal as is well known in the art.
- One non-limiting example consistent with this discussion is the timing advance ("TA") measurement in a GSM mobile communication system.
- the geolocation system receives the repeated signal, recognizes the repeater's tag and consequently knows that the signal is a repeated signal with a repeater delay associated therewith, and processes the signal accordingly (i.e., the geolocation system "operates" on the tag). In this embodiment, it is not necessary to determine the difference in times of arrival of direct signals and repeated signals at the geolocation system.
- the ability to discern the difference between direct signals and repeated signals allows for the geolocation system to better determine a location for the mobile. In some instances, the repeater signals may be ignored. As a non-limiting example, if mixed signals (i.e., both direct signals and repeated signals) are received at the geolocation system, the geolocation system may default to the direct signal(s) and locate the mobile without reference to the repeated signal.
- Table 1 does not include translating repeaters since the prior art has no way of dealing with translating repeaters since the prior art does not, for example, include a mechanism to track the translation of the frequency due to the translating repeater. Therefore, without knowledge of the proper frequency for the mobile, a reported geolocation may actually be based in part on energy not attributable to the target mobile. Consequently, the determined geolocation may be highly inaccurate and the prior art would have no way of knowing that a problem exists.
- Scenario (2)(b) in which the geolocation of the repeater is actually determined.
- the prior art system will report that the geolocation of the mobile has been determined.
- Scenario (3)(b) is likewise indistinguishable from either Scenario (l)(b) or Scenario (2)(b).
- Scenario (3)(b) will most likely have large errors due to the unaccounted for time delay in the measurement(s) that arrived at the GCS via a repeater.
- the prior art can make no determination of geolocation in the event less than 3 measurements are received by the GCS, consistent with the assumption stated above.
- Table 2 indicates what one embodiment of the disclosed subject matter will output when a repeater is operating in a wireless communication system.
- Embodiment Alpha A comparison of Table 1 (prior art) and Table 2 (an embodiment of the present subject matter, designated generally as Embodiment Alpha) indicates that the present subject matter can determine a useful location for the mobile appliance more often (and more accurately) than the prior art.
- Embodiment Alpha can, in some instances, output as the mobile's location the location of the repeater. When, through measuring TOA from both the direct path and the repeater, it can be determined that the mobile is in the proximity of the repeater. As discussed elsewhere herein, the location of the repeater typically is within acceptable geolocation parameters. As another example, the prior art for Scenario (3)(b), for non-translating repeaters, may output a geolocation for the mobile that has large errors, as discussed above. However, Embodiment Alpha may determine the mobile's location in some instances where TOAs from both the direct path and through the repeater are measured and the TO As from the direct path are used to determine the position of the mobile.
- Embodiment Alpha can determine the location of the mobile as indicated in Table 2 so long as the geolocation system has knowledge of the translations being used. If the translations are not known, then Embodiment Alpha cannot determine the location of the mobile, as indicated by "N/A" ("Not Applicable") in Table 2.
- Table 3 indicates what another embodiment of the disclosed subject matter will output when a repeater is operating in a wireless commumcation system.
- a repeater places a tag on the signal passing through it that the geolocation system can recognize and therefore know that the associated signal is a repeated signal.
- Embodiment Beta An embodiment of the present subject matter, designated generally as Embodiment Beta indicates that the present subject matter can determine a useful location for the mobile appliance more often (and more accurately) than the prior art.
- the prior art for Scenario (3)(b) for non-translating repeaters, may output a geolocation for the mobile that has large errors, as discussed above.
- Embodiment Beta may determine the mobile's location in some instances where TO As from both the direct path and through the repeater are measured and the TO As from the direct path are used to determine the position of the mobile.
- the location of the repeater typically is within acceptable geolocation parameters.
- Embodiment Beta can determine the location of the mobile as indicated in Table 3 so long as the geolocation system has knowledge of the translations being used. If the translations are not known, then Embodiment Beta cannot determine the location of the mobile, as indicated by "N/A" ("Not Applicable") in Table 3.
- neighboring repeaters are not used by the geolocation system to participate in location measurements, since no sensor hardware is typically installed at the repeater sites, rather adjacent cell cites participate.
- the delay imposed by the repeaters serving a call not only would cancel out during time difference of arrival calculations, but the signal would likely be ignored since the repeater signals are received after the mobile's signal, therefore the delay does not need to be known.
- the delay value can be known, and kept in a database and compensated for during time difference calculations, if it is known that the signal received was from the repeater, for instance where topology effectively prevents the mobile's signal from being received at the base station such as is depicted in Figure 1 with regards to repeater 50a.
- Tethered repeater installations do not utilize a RF link for communication back to the base station, but rather use a fiber optic or copper tether as a back haul.
- a geolocation system sensor is connected at the host base station to the repeater RF signal prior to the antenna feed interface connection at the base station.
- Figure 4 shows the location of the geolocation sensor for a repeater tethered to a base station.
- the base station 410 which includes GRA26 009
- the antennas 412 receives the antenna output at an antenna feed interface 411.
- the geo location sensor 430 is located upstream of the antenna feed interface 411.
- the signal from the mobile appliance 420 is received at repeater station 450 with antenna 452.
- the signal is repeated over the communication tether 451 to the base station 410.
- the geolocation sensor is located prior to or at the antenna feed interface 411 or more particularly before the antenna feeds are summed together and supplied to the base station 410.
- the antenna feed interface is defined as the point at which the antenna outputs are summed and the origin is no longer distinguishable.
- a plurality of sensors can be used at the base station or a sensor that switches across the inputs to the base station is equally envisioned.
- the location of the geolocation sensor allows the geolocation system to determine when a call is served by a repeater, as well as utilize neighboring repeaters to assist with the location of the mobile since these neighboring repeaters will be receiving the actual mobile signal, not the signal transmitted from the serving repeater and their actual delay times are known.
- the GPOSREQ information from the MPC is not able to alert the geolocation system that a repeater is in use.
- the geolocation system locates the transmitter using the corresponding MOBINFO parameters passed from the MPC.
- the sensor at the base station is able to determine when a repeater is serving a call, since the mobile's signal is intercepted on the tether prior to being added to the antenna feeds of the base stations antennas. This information allows the geolocation system the ability to adapt the sensors participating in a location to account for the tethered repeater by adjusting the TOA, among other things, and calculate the location of the mobile transmitter.
- the signal delay of the repeater as well as any fiber or copper tether lines must be known and stored in the geolocation system database. These delays are advantageously determined experimentally, however empirical or theoretical delay values can also be incorporated.
- the geolocation system takes these delays into account when computing the TDOA location of the mobile. Since delay information is known, neighboring repeaters may be used as TDOA sensor sites to aid in the mobile location. This is the only scenario where the delay of the repeater components needs to be known. This differs GRA26 009
- the geolocation system locates the transmitter using the corresponding MOBINFO parameters passed from the MPC, which in the case of a mobile served by a translating repeater, is the location of the repeater antenna (rather than the mobile).
- the "worst case" geolocation system computed location would also be the "best case” geolocation system computed location.
- the Phase I system typically does not know of repeater existence and used the host cell's cell-sector information for location. Greater accuracy can be achieved for translating repeaters by establishing communication with the repeater equipment to gather mobile transmitter frequency information. If the geolocation system is aware of the mobile's frequency, or other identifying signal characteristic, the system can search for the mobile's signal at other base stations or repeaters, and if a tethered repeater, can use known system time delays to determine the TDOA or AOA calculations. Otherwise, the location of the translating repeater is given as the location. Alternatively, if economical, a translating repeater's translation can be mapped and stored in a database accessible to the geolocation system, however, such mapping may be difficult in a system that dynamically allocates channels.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/531,038 US7546084B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-01-16 | System and method of operation for network overlay geolocation system with repeaters |
AU2003279275A AU2003279275A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | System and method fo operation for network overlay geolocation system with repeaters |
EP03770759A EP1552712A4 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | System and method fo operation for network overlay geolocation system with repeaters |
US12/415,394 US20090186632A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2009-03-31 | System and method of operation for network overlay geolocation sysem with repeaters |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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US41834202P | 2002-10-16 | 2002-10-16 | |
US60/418,342 | 2002-10-16 | ||
US50349003P | 2003-09-17 | 2003-09-17 | |
US60/503,490 | 2003-09-17 |
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US12/415,394 Continuation US20090186632A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2009-03-31 | System and method of operation for network overlay geolocation sysem with repeaters |
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WO2004036936A1 true WO2004036936A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
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PCT/US2003/032580 WO2004036936A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | System and method fo operation for network overlay geolocation system with repeaters |
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US20060003695A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
US7546084B2 (en) | 2009-06-09 |
AU2003279275A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
EP1552712A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
US20090186632A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
EP1552712A4 (en) | 2006-09-20 |
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