WO2004032520A1 - Encoding and decoding a media signal - Google Patents
Encoding and decoding a media signal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004032520A1 WO2004032520A1 PCT/IB2003/004344 IB0304344W WO2004032520A1 WO 2004032520 A1 WO2004032520 A1 WO 2004032520A1 IB 0304344 W IB0304344 W IB 0304344W WO 2004032520 A1 WO2004032520 A1 WO 2004032520A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- code sequences
- encoder
- signal
- quantizer
- encoding
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002355 dual-layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/124—Quantisation
- H04N19/126—Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/154—Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
- H04N19/94—Vector quantisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234327—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by decomposing into layers, e.g. base layer and one or more enhancement layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234354—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by altering signal-to-noise ratio parameters, e.g. requantization
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/23614—Multiplexing of additional data and video streams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/434—Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/4348—Demultiplexing of additional data and video streams
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
- H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
- H04N21/4621—Controlling the complexity of the content stream or additional data, e.g. lowering the resolution or bit-rate of the video stream for a mobile client with a small screen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
- H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
- H04N21/4627—Rights management associated to the content
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods and arrangements for encoding and decoding a media signal, typically an audio-visual signal.
- DRM Digital Rights Management
- the encoding method comprises a step of defining a range of code sequences that are generated by a first encoder in response to encoding respective groups of one or more media signal samples by said first encoder. Note that the media signal is not actually encoded with the first encoder.
- the step provides the collection of code sequences that can be produced by such an encoder.
- the first encoder is a relatively simple encoder, the code sequences of which can easily be decoded. An example thereof is a scalar quantizer.
- the media signal is actually encoded with a different second encoder, which produces second code sequences.
- the second encoder is a high quality encoder, which requires a more complex decoder to decode the media signal.
- An example thereof is a vector quantizer.
- the invention now provides that a selected one of the first code sequences is assigned to each actually produced second code sequence. This assignment is carried out in accordance with a mapping table. The thus assigned first code sequences are transmitted.
- receivers having a first decoder which performs the inverse operation of the first encoder, will decode the received first code sequences and reproduce the encoded media signal with a given quality.
- More sohisticated receivers having a second decoder which performs the inverse operation of the second encoder, however, will be able to reconstruct the second code sequences from the received first code sequences, and reproduce the media signal with a different, better, quality.
- a low quality and high quality layer are multiplexed into a single bitstream. This is done in such a way that the multiplexed bitstream has some distortion with respect to the low quality layer.
- the high quality layer is embedded in this distortion of the low quality layer and can be made available by providing a proper decoder. In other words, information for high quality restoration has been embedded in a lower quality signal.
- the inventors have provided theoretical bounds (not described here) that can be achieved with respect to distortion and rates.
- a possible application is in the field of electronic media delivery.
- the invention allows a single version of a music song or movie to be distributed to free low quality players as well as high quality players for which a paid license is required.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a flow diagram of an illustrative embodiment of the encoding method according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a flow diagram of an illustrative embodiment of the decoding method according to the invention. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a flow diagram of an illustrative embodiment of the encoding method according to the invention.
- the media signal x is divided in successive groups of N signal samples x ⁇ ..x».
- a range of code sequences y ⁇ ..y 4 is defined that could be generated by a scalar quantizer Ql, if such a scalar quantizer was indeed used to quantize a group of samples x ⁇ ..x 4 of the media signal x.
- Table I lists the 16 possible code sequences y ⁇ ..y 4 that can be produced by the (hypothetical) scalar quantizer Ql. For convenience, an index j is assigned to each code sequence. The index j is commonly referred to as quantization index.
- the media signal x is actually quantized by a vector quantizer Q2.
- the vector quantizer Q2 divides the 4-dimensional space spanned by four input samples x ⁇ ..x 4 into sixteen subspaces, and assigns a code sequence of four quantized signal samples z ⁇ ..z 4 to each subspace.
- Table II lists the 16 possible code sequences z ⁇ ..z 4 that can be produced by the vector quantizer Q2. Again, an index (now denoted i) is assigned to each code sequence.
- the salient feature of the invention resides in a step 14, which is carried out after actually quantizing a group of signal samples with the vector quantizer Q2.
- a selected one of the "scalar quantized" code sequences y ⁇ ..y 4 (Table I) is assigned to each "vector quantized” code sequence z ⁇ ..z 4 (Table II).
- Table III shows the reordering mapping used in the present example.
- a "scalar quantized” code sequence with index j (Table I) is now transmitted in a step 15.
- a simple receiver having a scalar dequantizer will reproduce the scalar quantized signal sequence y ⁇ ..y 4 .
- the above mentioned input sequences xl and x2 will thus be reproduced as [VA, VA supplement VA, VA] and [VA, VA, VA, VA], respectively.
- the reordering mapping function which is shown in Table III, has been found to yield a distortion D(x,y) « 0.0473.
- a more sophisticated receiver comprises a vector dequantizer to reproduce the media signal.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a flow diagram of an illustrative embodiment of the decoding method according to the invention.
- a scalar quantized sequence y ⁇ ..y 4 is received.
- the received sequence is inversely mapped into the vector quantized sequence z ⁇ behalfz 4 .
- the sequence Z ⁇ ..z 4 is decoded and reproduced.
- a source X is quantized with a high quality quantizer Q2. That means that every coding vector of X is approximated by a vector q2(i), for some index i.
- An unlicensed user is given a set of indices j with respect to the scalar quantizer Ql .
- the invention discloses a method of embedding information for high quality restoration of a media signal (typically an audio-visual signal) in a lower quality version of the signal.
- the signal x is encoded using a high quality encoder (Q2).
- the code sequences z produced by the high quality encoder are mapped into code sequences y that are associated with a hypothetical lower quality encoder (Ql).
- Ql hypothetical lower quality encoder
- the latter code sequences y are transmitted.
- a simple decoder will decode the received sequences y, and thus reproduce a low quality version of the signal.
- a more sophisticated decoder is arranged to inversely map the received code sequences y into the code sequences z, that were actually produced by the high quality encoder (Q2). The sophisticated decoder will thus reproduce a higher quality version of the same signal.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003267713A AU2003267713A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-10-02 | Encoding and decoding a media signal |
JP2004541101A JP5107505B2 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-10-02 | Media signal encoding and decoding |
EP03748408A EP1552704A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-10-02 | Encoding and decoding a media signal |
US10/529,664 US7109894B2 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-10-02 | Encoding and decoding a media signal with high and low quality versions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02079154 | 2002-10-03 | ||
EP02079154.7 | 2002-10-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004032520A1 true WO2004032520A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
Family
ID=32050066
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2003/004344 WO2004032520A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-10-02 | Encoding and decoding a media signal |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7109894B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1552704A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5107505B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20050049518A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100423584C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003267713A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004032520A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102131090B (en) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-10-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Video file playing method and system and media resource server |
US9191516B2 (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2015-11-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Teleconferencing using steganographically-embedded audio data |
US10158623B2 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-12-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Data theft deterrence |
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JP3277696B2 (en) * | 1994-05-28 | 2002-04-22 | ソニー株式会社 | Digital signal processing apparatus and method |
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US6865291B1 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 2005-03-08 | Andrew Michael Zador | Method apparatus and system for compressing data that wavelet decomposes by color plane and then divides by magnitude range non-dc terms between a scalar quantizer and a vector quantizer |
JPH1023426A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1998-01-23 | Sony Corp | Picture predicting method and picture coding method |
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2003
- 2003-10-02 KR KR1020057005752A patent/KR20050049518A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-10-02 EP EP03748408A patent/EP1552704A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-02 WO PCT/IB2003/004344 patent/WO2004032520A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-10-02 JP JP2004541101A patent/JP5107505B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-02 US US10/529,664 patent/US7109894B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-02 CN CNB2003801008443A patent/CN100423584C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-02 AU AU2003267713A patent/AU2003267713A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20050049518A (en) | 2005-05-25 |
CN100423584C (en) | 2008-10-01 |
EP1552704A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
US20060033645A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
AU2003267713A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
JP5107505B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
US7109894B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 |
CN1703913A (en) | 2005-11-30 |
JP2006501514A (en) | 2006-01-12 |
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