WO2004025684A1 - Crt with enhanced vertical resolution - Google Patents
Crt with enhanced vertical resolution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004025684A1 WO2004025684A1 PCT/IB2003/003904 IB0303904W WO2004025684A1 WO 2004025684 A1 WO2004025684 A1 WO 2004025684A1 IB 0303904 W IB0303904 W IB 0303904W WO 2004025684 A1 WO2004025684 A1 WO 2004025684A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- beams
- screen
- line
- scanning
- display device
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000009125 cardiac resynchronization therapy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000016776 visual perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000001431 Psychomotor Agitation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010038743 Restlessness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004424 eye movement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
- H01J29/80—Arrangements for controlling the ray or beam after passing the main deflection system, e.g. for post-acceleration or post-concentration, for colour switching
- H01J29/803—Arrangements for controlling the ray or beam after passing the main deflection system, e.g. for post-acceleration or post-concentration, for colour switching for post-acceleration or post-deflection, e.g. for colour switching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2229/00—Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2229/18—Phosphor screens
- H01J2229/186—Geometrical arrangement of phosphors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a color picture display device comprising a cathode ray tube (CRT) having means for generating at least two electron beams. Further, the invention relates to a method for operation of such a color picture display device.
- CTR cathode ray tube
- CRT cathode-ray-tubes
- the most common type of CRT uses a so-called shadow mask for controlling the landing of the electron beams on the phosphors on the screen.
- the CRTs normally use several beams that j ointly scan successive lines of the display screen. In most cases three beams are used for display of the three basic colors (R, G, B), each beam landing via holes in the shadow mask on respective red, green and blue phosphors present in the display screen.
- US 4 322 750 discloses the use of motion-dependent line interpolation
- US 4 602273 discloses the use of a progressively scanned line interlace
- US 5 260 786 discloses sequentially line interlaced scanning.
- the inventive device may be a CRT with a shadow mask and phosphor strips in the frame direction, wherein each of the electron beams scans its corresponding phosphor strips, while their landing points are shifted with respect to each other in the frame direction, and interpolation is preformed of the color component data for driving the respective beams in order to provide the color component data corresponding with the shift in frame direction.
- the invention may likewise be used for CRTs with phosphor strips arranged in other ways, such as in the line direction, or in other types of groupings, such as CRTs with dotted shadow masks, e.g. described in US 4 491 863.
- the inventive device may also be a CRT without a shadow mask, such as a tracking picture tube.
- a shadow mask such as a tracking picture tube.
- the basic idea is to distribute the color lines as equidistantly as possible over the fields of an image, in such a way that the color lines of the even and the odd fields are interleaved.
- the means for diverging the landing points may be a quadrupole mounted on the neck of the cathode ray tube.
- the color beams may be diverged flexibly, and the beam spots may overlap each other and scanning patterns both for interlaced and progressive scanning may be enhanced.
- the proposed scanning patterns result in an enhancement in line structure for both still and moving images.
- the newly introduced patterns behave to a certain degree as a progressive scan pattern, so that both line crawl and detail flicker are reduced.
- the color video data used to control the beam intensity is interpolated in order to reduce or compensate for the shift of the landing points of the beams. This may be accomplished in that the video signal is de-interlaced, and after that, interpolations between frames are performed to compensate for the shift with respect to the original scan line positions.
- the de-interlacing would normally be de-interlacing from fields to frames, and in the interpolation of individual color signals a poly-phase filter could be used to eliminate phase errors caused by the shift of the beams.
- a memory to store only one or a few lines of the video signal may be used. The data of the stored lines are then used for the interpolations.
- the phosphor deposits for each color are arranged along essentially parallel lines in a deposit direction, which is different from the scanning direction, wherein the means for diverging the landing points on the screen diverges the beams in the deposit direction.
- the scanning direction and the deposit direction are substantially perpendicular.
- the display device may comprise means for generating at least three beams, in which case, in the direction other than the scanning direction, the landing points on the screen for at least two of the beams converge. For still pictures, the perceived resolution then is very good. If on an average, the brightness of the two converging colors roughly sum up to the brightness of the non-converged color, this way of scanning is perceived by the human visual transfer system as a progressive scanning pattern.
- a favorable property of progressive scanning is that moving objects are not sensitive to line crawl.
- Another advantage of this scanning scheme is that for a white horizontal line, the amplitude of the luminance is distributed over the fields in the frame, so the luminance of this line is generated at the field rate, which is higher than the frame rate. This results in reduced detail flicker compared to a normal interlaced pattern.
- the invention may be applied to a display device operating in an interlaced manner.
- the frame rate is doubled compared to progressive scanning, while the line frequency and the video bandwidth are kept constant.
- a higher frame rate is advantageous for visual perception, since the human eye is more sensitive to large area flicker than to detail flicker. Interlaced scanning reduces large area flicker, at the expense of increased detail flicker.
- the invention may also be applied to a display device operating in a progressive manner.
- interpolation means are feasible.
- a filter could be arranged for interpolation of the color component data for driving one of the beams.
- digital interpolation means may be used comprising a line or frame memory.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a color picture display device according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of scanning patterns in accordance with the prior art, where Fig. 2a illustrates an interlaced scanning pattern and Fig. 2b a progressive scanning pattern;
- Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of an interlaced scanning pattern according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of an interlaced scanning pattern according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of an interlaced scanning pattern according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of an interlaced scanning pattern according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of a progressive scanning pattern according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of a progressive scanning pattern according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of a first type of interpolation means usable in accordance with the present invention.
- Fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of a second type of interpolation means usable in accordance with the present invention.
- Fig. 11 illustrates the effect of a magnetic field of a quadrupole on the landing points of the beams, as seen by a viewer in front of the screen
- Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a part of a cathode ray tube with a magnetic quadrupole
- Figs. 13a and 13b are cross sections in the vertical pane of Fig. 12, illustrating the diverging of the beams by magnetic fields;
- Fig. 14 illustrates an embodiment according to the invention with a rotation coil and a quadrupole.
- the invention generally relates to a color picture display device comprising a cathode ray tube (CRT) having a gun 1 for generating one or more electron beams, a display screen 2 and a deflection unit 3 for deflecting the electron beams across the display screen.
- the display screen preferably comprises a plurality of phosphor elements to form different colors, preferably red, green and blue. Each color group of phosphor elements forms a pattern on the screen, for example a plurality of parallel lines.
- the CRT is of the traditional type using a shadow mask.
- the phosphor lines are preferably arranged as stripes in the frame direction on the screen. Other arrangements, such as stripes in a line direction, or in other words in a line scanning direction are possible as well.
- the electron beams for the primary colors red, green and blue land on the same line of the screen, as is illustrated in Fig. 2 with the landing points R, G, B.
- the circles in Fig. 2 up to and including Fig. 8 with different shadings indicate landing points R, G, B of the respective red, green and blue electron beams. If beams land on the same lines in line scanning directions, the landing points R, G, B are indicated by two or more circles next to each other in a horizontal direction in the drawings, hi the vertical direction of the drawing, locations of the landing points in the frame direction, indicated by arrow y, are shown. In embodiments wherein landing points differ between odd fields OF and even fields EP, two subsequent fields are shown.
- the screen is sequentially scanned line by line, from one end to the other.
- Such progressive scanning is illustrated in Fig. 2b.
- the distance ⁇ y is the distance between two subsequent frame lines in the frame direction.
- interlaced scanning as depicted in Fig. 2a, first, for example, the odd field OF contaimng the odd lines of video data is scanned line by line (the left hand image of Fig. 2a), and after that the field EF containing the even lines are scanned (right hand image of Fig. 2a), thereby creating an interleaved line pattern.
- the frame rate is doubled compared to progressive scanning, as is illustrated in Fig. 2b, while the line frequency and the video bandwidth are kept constant.
- a higher frame rate is advantageous for the visual perception, since the human visual transfer system is more sensitive to large area flicker than to detail flicker. Interleaved scanning reduces large area flicker at the expense of increased detail flicker.
- the spot size (the cross-section of the electron beams on the screen) must be reduced, hi doing so, the line scan structure becomes more visible both for interleaved and progressive pictures.
- interlaced scanmng also the so-called line crawl artifact becomes more dominant.
- the line crawl typically occurs in image areas without detail (further referred to as flat areas).
- flat areas When the viewer tracks an object at a vertical odd speed, the line structure becomes visible because the lines of two subsequent fields are seen at the same position (not 'interlaced'). This means that a flat area is no longer perceived as flat, but can be seen to consist of discrete lines.
- the line crawl is also visible if there is no motion in the image (e.g.
- the frame direction is the direction perpendicular to the line scanning direction on the screen, hi the embodiment of Fig. 2a, the static line distance LD S in frame direction is ⁇ y, and hence the line distance at the critical velocity LD CV is 2 ⁇ y.
- the electron beams for the primary colors red, green and blue trace in a line scanning direction subsequent phosphor color bars in the frame direction of the corresponding phosphor colors on the screen.
- the landing points R, G, B of the electron beams are spaced equidistantly in the frame direction over a distance of 2 ⁇ y/3.
- the green phosphor of line L n is scanned together with the red and blue phosphor of line L n+ i. Visibility of line structure and line crawl are reduced by distributing the scanned color lines equidistantly in the field direction, in such a way that the scanned lines of both fields are interleaved.
- the landing points R and B are in this embodiment shifted by +2/3 and -2/3 of the height of a frame line ⁇ y with respect to the landing point G for the green beam. Accordingly, for still pictures the perceived distance between two neighboring lines is reduced to ⁇ y/3, and to 2 ⁇ y/3 for objects moving at a critical velocity of odd multiples of 1/3 frame line per field.
- the color component data for controlling the red and green beam are preferably calculated for the new positions.
- the static line distance LD S is ⁇ y/3
- the line distance at the critical velocity LD CV is 2 ⁇ y/3.
- the green beam is at the original position, but the beams for red and blue are shifted in opposite y-directions over a distance ⁇ y/2 of half a frame line. With still images, the line distance then becomes ⁇ y/2.
- L n is scanned by the green beam during the odd field OF, while a n+1 line L n+ i is scanned by the blue beam during the odd field OF and by the red beam during the even field EF.
- the summed brightness resulting from the scanning of the red and blue beam of line L n+1 is roughly the same as the brightness resulting from the scanning of line L mon of the green beam. This is based on the fact that the relative contributions to the brightness of the colors red, green and blue are approximately 0.3, 0.6 and 0.1, respectively.
- the maximum distance between the lines is doubled to 2x ⁇ y/2 or one frame line.
- the static line distance LD S is ⁇ y/2, so the line distance at the critical velocity LD CV is ⁇ y.
- the green beam has the original landing point G again.
- the red and green beams are shifted in a same direction over a same distance ⁇ y, so over one frame line distance, with respect to the green beam, both landing on the same scanning line on the screen.
- the perceived resolution is then expected to be the same as for the pattern shown in Fig. 2a. If on an average, the brightness resulting from the red and blue beams hitting the phosphors roughly sum up to the brightness resulting from the green beam, this way of scanning looks like a progressive scanning pattern.
- a favorable property of progressive scanning is that moving objects are not sensitive to line crawl.
- Another advantage of the scanning scheme according to this embodiment is that for a white line in the line scanning direction, which would be present in only one field of the scanning pattern of Fig. 2a, part of the amplitude of the luminance is shifted to the full frame rate. This results in reduced detail flicker compared to the normal interlaced pattern in Fig. 2a.
- the static line distance LD S is ⁇ y
- the line distance at the critical velocity LD CV is the same, i.e. ⁇ y.
- a fourth embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the grouping of the color beam spots is essentially the same as in the third embodiment discussed above, but the line distance in this case is halved compared to the situation in Fig. 3.
- this scanning pattern results in an enhanced resolution in the frame direction for still images.
- the static line distance LD S is ⁇ y/2
- the line distance at the critical velocity LD CV is 3 ⁇ y/2, so little reduction of line crawl is expected.
- the shifts of the landing points R and B in the frame direction y are + ⁇ y/3 and - ⁇ y/3, respectively, with respect to the landing point G.
- the landing points B and R are shifted in the same direction by ⁇ y/2 with respect to G, both landing on the same line.
- the color picture display device should further comprise means for interpolation of color video data used to control the beam intensity.
- the video data may be calculated corresponding to the shifted landing points R, G, B.
- the operation of the interpolation means in this embodiment is as follows.
- the video signal N is de-interlaced in a first unit Gl from field to complete frames.
- a second step (if the color in question is not shown at an integer frame line position) the individual color signals are interpolated and estimated from this progressive video signal using a poly-phase filter to eliminate the phase error between the video lines and the scan lines in the screen, hi this step, the signals are preferably processed in parallel.
- the primary red, green and blue color video signals could be processed in separate phase shift interpolators G2-G4, and finally supplied to the picture tube G5 for generating subsequent images.
- interpolation means comprising a filter (analog or digital) to perform the interpolation for a line of a video color component shifted in the direction of the previous video line, h Fig. 10, inter-line video interpolation is used, where 0 ⁇ l, where ⁇ is the shift towards the previous original frame line as a fraction of the original frame line distance.
- a video signal Ni (not shown) is split into its color components V c .
- Each color component V c requiring interpolation is processed as shown in Fig. 10.
- the color component V c is provided as an input for two branches.
- the first signal in a first branch is delayed in a line time delay circuit ⁇ and then multiplied by the shift value 1- ⁇ .
- the other signal in the second branch is multiplied by the shift value ⁇ .
- the signals are added again, and the resulting signal is provided as the color component output V co .
- the means for diverging landing points R, G, B on the screen 2 may comprise a magnetic quadrupole 4 to split a common scan line of, for example, a red, green and blue electron beam on the screen into three separate lines, with the magnetic poles of the quadrupole 4 being arranged as shown in Fig. 11.
- the effect is that the landing points R, B of two side-beams are deflected downwards and upwards, respectively.
- the landing point of the central beam G is unaffected.
- the north and south poles are indicated in Fig. 11 by ⁇ or S, respectively.
- the most convenient position for the quadrupole 4 is in between the gun 1 and the deflection unit 3, as shown in Fig. 12. However, this leads to the effect depicted in Fig. 13a.
- the field of the deflection unit 3 Upon deflecting the electron beams in the scanning direction from left to right on the screen 2, the field of the deflection unit 3 has the effect of a lens 3' that acts in the vertical direction. This implies that if we use a quadrupole 4 positioned in between the gun 1 and deflection unit 3 to deflect the side-beams downwards and upwards, the lens 3' of the deflection unit 3 will counteract this effect.
- the quadrupole 4 is located at the same location as where the action of the lens 3' of the deflection unit 3 is located. Then the lens 3' has no effect and a rotation coil 5 is not needed.
- the quadrupole coils are wound around a yoke ring of the deflection unit 3.
- the currents through the quadrupole and the rotation coil may be static currents (i.e. they vary as a function of time). Therefore, the quadrupole may also comprise permanent magnets.
- the discussed directions merely serve as examples, and e.g. the phosphor depositions may be arranged in either the vertical or horizontal direction, or any suitable direction in between.
- a video line is scanned in the horizontal direction, the subsequent lines being scanned from a first line to a last line in the vertical direction.
- the physical scanning direction can be chosen arbitrarily.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/527,110 US20060038474A1 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2003-09-05 | Crt with enhanced vertical resolution |
JP2004571925A JP2005538531A (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2003-09-05 | CRT with high vertical resolution |
EP03795155A EP1540689A1 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2003-09-05 | Crt with enhanced vertical resolution |
AU2003259463A AU2003259463A1 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2003-09-05 | Crt with enhanced vertical resolution |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02078782 | 2002-09-13 | ||
EP02078782.6 | 2002-09-13 | ||
EP02080174 | 2002-12-09 | ||
EP02080174.2 | 2002-12-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004025684A1 true WO2004025684A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
Family
ID=31995531
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2003/003904 WO2004025684A1 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2003-09-05 | Crt with enhanced vertical resolution |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060038474A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1540689A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005538531A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1682336A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003259463A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200421394A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004025684A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7268748B2 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2007-09-11 | Clairvoyante, Inc | Subpixel rendering for cathode ray tube devices |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2706216A (en) * | 1951-06-22 | 1955-04-12 | Lesti Arnold | Color television receiver with registration control |
EP0795847A1 (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 1997-09-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image electron beam display apparatus and its driving method |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2727184A (en) * | 1952-10-09 | 1955-12-13 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Servo controlled tri-color television tube |
US2737608A (en) * | 1954-11-29 | 1956-03-06 | Rca Corp | Color image reproduction apparatus |
US2792521A (en) * | 1955-07-28 | 1957-05-14 | Rca Corp | Color image reproduction apparatus |
US4322750A (en) * | 1979-05-08 | 1982-03-30 | British Broadcasting Corporation | Television display system |
AU544556B2 (en) * | 1979-12-04 | 1985-06-06 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Colour display panel |
US4602273A (en) * | 1983-08-30 | 1986-07-22 | Rca Corporation | Interpolated progressive-scan television display with line-crawl artifact filtration |
JP3271143B2 (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 2002-04-02 | ソニー株式会社 | Video signal processing circuit |
GB9815907D0 (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 1998-09-16 | British Broadcasting Corp | Improvements in colour displays |
US6731342B2 (en) * | 2000-01-06 | 2004-05-04 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Deinterlacing apparatus and method using edge direction detection and pixel interplation |
-
2003
- 2003-09-05 AU AU2003259463A patent/AU2003259463A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-05 CN CNA038215705A patent/CN1682336A/en active Pending
- 2003-09-05 WO PCT/IB2003/003904 patent/WO2004025684A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-05 JP JP2004571925A patent/JP2005538531A/en active Pending
- 2003-09-05 EP EP03795155A patent/EP1540689A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-09-05 US US10/527,110 patent/US20060038474A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-10 TW TW092125061A patent/TW200421394A/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2706216A (en) * | 1951-06-22 | 1955-04-12 | Lesti Arnold | Color television receiver with registration control |
EP0795847A1 (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 1997-09-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image electron beam display apparatus and its driving method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200421394A (en) | 2004-10-16 |
CN1682336A (en) | 2005-10-12 |
US20060038474A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
JP2005538531A (en) | 2005-12-15 |
AU2003259463A1 (en) | 2004-04-30 |
EP1540689A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
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