WO2004023173A1 - 偏光子、光学フィルムおよび画像表示装置 - Google Patents
偏光子、光学フィルムおよび画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004023173A1 WO2004023173A1 PCT/JP2003/011333 JP0311333W WO2004023173A1 WO 2004023173 A1 WO2004023173 A1 WO 2004023173A1 JP 0311333 W JP0311333 W JP 0311333W WO 2004023173 A1 WO2004023173 A1 WO 2004023173A1
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- Prior art keywords
- polarizer
- film
- polarizing plate
- liquid crystal
- light
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3008—Polarising elements comprising dielectric particles, e.g. birefringent crystals embedded in a matrix
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polarizer.
- the present invention also relates to a polarizing plate and an optical film using the polarizer.
- the present invention relates to an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, a CRT, and a PDP using the polarizing plate and the optical film.
- a liquid crystal display device visualizes a change in polarization state due to switching of liquid crystal, and a polarizer is used based on its display principle.
- polarizers with higher brightness (high transmittance) and higher contrast (high polarization) have been developed and introduced. I have.
- extremely high heat-resistant reliability is required for liquid crystal displays intended for use in harsh outdoor environments such as mobile phones and PDAs, as well as for in-vehicle navigation and liquid crystal projectors. Is done.
- an iodine-based polarizer having a structure in which iodine is adsorbed on polybutyl alcohol and stretched is widely used because of its high transmittance and high degree of polarization.
- the iodine compound formed as a dichroic material in the stretching step has poor thermal stability. For example, if a test is performed in which the device is left for a long time in an atmosphere of 100 ° C assuming on a dashboard in a car in the middle of summer, etc., the iodine compound will be denatured and the dichroism will be significantly reduced. There was a problem that the function was greatly reduced.
- dye-based polarizers using dichroic dyes in place of iodine compounds have been used in fields requiring high heat resistance reliability, such as in-vehicle applications (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-124). See No. 05.).
- dichroic dyes have a lower absorption dichroic ratio than iodine compounds. for that reason, Dye-based polarizers are slightly inferior in properties to iodine-based polarizers. In addition, when the dye is adsorbed, uneven dyeing and uneven dispersion are likely to occur. In particular, in the liquid crystal display device, there is a problem that when black is displayed, black is displayed in a mottled shape, and visibility is significantly reduced.
- dye-based polarizers have been proposed in which the amount of dye adsorbed or added is increased so that the transmittance during black display is lower than the human eye's perception limit.
- this dye-based polarizer also reduces the transmittance of white display as well as the transmittance of black display, and the display itself becomes dark.
- a method for producing a dye-based polarizer using a stretching process that is less likely to cause unevenness has been proposed (for example,
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that the above object can be achieved by the following polarizer, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a polarizer comprising a film having a structure in which minute regions are dispersed in a matrix formed of a translucent thermoplastic resin containing an absorbing dichroic dye.
- a polarizer characterized by having a transmittance of at least 80% for linearly polarized light in the transmission direction and a haze value of at most 10%, and a haze value of at least 50% for linearly polarized light in the absorption direction.
- the minute region of the polarizer is formed of an oriented birefringent material.
- the birefringent material preferably exhibits liquid crystallinity at least at the time of the alignment treatment.
- the polarizer of the present invention assures heat resistance reliability by using a dye-based polarizer formed of a translucent thermoplastic resin and an absorbing dichroic dye as a matrix.
- minute regions are dispersed in the matrix.
- the minute region is preferably formed of an oriented birefringent material, and in particular, the minute region is preferably formed of a material exhibiting liquid crystallinity.
- the polarization performance is improved by the synergistic effect of the two functions, and the transmittance is improved.
- a polarizer with good visibility that achieves both a good polarization and a good degree of polarization has been obtained.
- the polarizer has a transmittance of 80% or more for linearly polarized light in the transmission direction and a haze value of 10% or less, and a haze value of 50% or more for linearly polarized light in the absorption direction.
- the dye-based polarizer of the present invention having the above transmittance and haze value has high transmittance and good visibility with respect to linearly polarized light in the transmission direction, and has strong light with respect to linearly polarized light in the absorption direction. It has diffusibility. Therefore, a high transmittance and a high degree of polarization can be achieved by a simple method without sacrificing other optical properties, and it is possible to suppress unevenness in transmittance during black display.
- the polarizer of the present invention preferably has as high a transmittance as possible with respect to linearly polarized light in the transmission direction, that is, linearly polarized light in a direction orthogonal to the maximum absorption direction of the absorption dichroic dye, Assuming that the light intensity of the incident linearly polarized light is 100, it is preferable that the light transmittance is 80% or more.
- the light transmittance is more preferably 85% or more, and further preferably the light transmittance is 88% or more.
- the light transmittance is a spectral transmittance at 550 nm measured using a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Since about 8% to 10% is reflected by the air interface on the front and back surfaces of the polarizer, the ideal limit is 100% minus this surface reflection.
- the haze value for linearly polarized light in the transmission direction is preferably 10% or less. It is more preferably at most 5%, further preferably at most 3%.
- the polarizer absorbs linearly polarized light in the absorption direction, that is, linearly polarized light in the maximum absorption direction of the absorption dichroic dye scatters unevenness due to local transmittance variation. It is desirable that the light is scattered more strongly than from the viewpoint of more concealment. Therefore, the haze value for linearly polarized light in the absorption direction is preferably 50% or more. It is more preferably at least 60%, further preferably at least 70%. 'The haze value is a value measured based on JISK 713 (how to determine the haze of a plastic-transparent material).
- the optical characteristics are caused by the function of scattering anisotropy in addition to the function of absorption dichroism of the polarizer.
- the same thing is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,123,902, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-274108 / Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-297204.
- a scattering anisotropic film having a function of selectively scattering only linearly polarized light and a dichroic absorption polarizer are arranged such that the axis of maximum scattering and the axis of maximum absorption are parallel. It is considered that this can also be achieved by superimposing.
- the birefringence of the minute region is 0.02 or more.
- a material having the above-mentioned refractive index is preferably used from the viewpoint of obtaining a larger anisotropic scattering function.
- the birefringent material forming the minute region the transmissive thermoplastic resin and the refractive index difference in each optical axis direction
- the refractive index difference ( ⁇ 1 ) in the axial direction showing the maximum value is not less than 0.03, and the refractive index difference ( ⁇ 2 ) in two axial directions orthogonal to the ⁇ 1 direction is ⁇ ⁇ 1 Is preferably 50% or less.
- ⁇ 1 As proposed in US Pat. No. 2,123,902 can be obtained.
- a scattering anisotropic film having a function of selectively scattering only linearly polarized light in the direction can be obtained. That is, since a large difference in the refractive index in .DELTA..eta 1 direction to disturb dispersion linearly polarized light, whereas, because of their small refractive index difference in .DELTA..eta 2 direction can and this that transmits a linearly polarized light.
- the refractive index difference in two axial directions orthogonal to the ⁇ 1 direction ( ⁇ n 2 ) are preferably equal to each other.
- the refractive index difference ( ⁇ 1 ) in the ⁇ 1 direction is preferably at least 0.03, preferably at least 0.05, particularly preferably at least 0.10. . Further, the difference in the refractive index ( ⁇ 2 ) in two directions orthogonal to the ⁇ 1 direction is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less of ⁇ 1 .
- the absorption axis of the material is preferably oriented in the .DELTA..eta 1 direction.
- Absorption dichroic dye in the matrix by the absorption axis of the material is oriented to be parallel to the .DELTA..eta 1 direction, it is selectively absorb .DELTA..eta 1 direction of linearly polarized light is scattered polarization direction it can. As a result, linearly polarized light component .DELTA..eta 2 direction of the incident light is transmitted without being scattered. On the other hand, a linearly polarized light component in .DELTA..eta 1 direction is scattered, and is absorbed by the absorption dichroism dye. Usually, absorption is determined by the absorption coefficient and the thickness.
- Polarization value of the present invention because the thicker apparent by the scattering, polarization components of .DELTA..eta 1 direction is excessively absorbed than the absence of scattering anisotropy. That is, a higher degree of polarization can be obtained with the same transmittance.
- Polarization degree (k, -k 2) / (1 + k 2), in represented.
- the above calculated values are theoretical values.
- the function is somewhat reduced due to the effects of depolarization due to scattering, surface reflection, and backscattering. Therefore, in order to sufficiently exhibit the above function, it is better that the backscatter is small, and the ratio of the backscatter 3 ⁇ 4Jt to the incident light intensity is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less.
- polarizer a film produced by stretching a film can be suitably used.
- minute domains preferably has a length in .DELTA..eta 2 direction is 0.1 05 ⁇ 500 ⁇ M.
- dispersed minute domains have the length of .DELTA..eta 2 direction 0. 05-5 00 m It is preferably controlled to be 0.5 to 100 m. Scattering may not fully provided the .DELTA..eta 2 length of the minute domains is too short a compared with wavelengths. On the other hand, if .DELTA..eta 2 length of the minute domains is too long Ri film strength is lowered, the liquid crystalline material forming minute domains is, there is a possibility that problems such as not fully oriented in the minute domains may arise.
- a birefringent material forming a minute region is preferably a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin in which a nematic phase or a smectic phase appears in a temperature range lower than the glass transition temperature of the translucent thermoplastic resin.
- the birefringent material forming the minute region has a liquid crystal monomer in which a nematic phase or a smectic phase state appears in a temperature range lower than the glass transition temperature of the translucent thermoplastic resin. Later, the polymerized one is preferably used
- the absorption dichroic dye is preferably a dye having at least one absorption band having a dichroic ratio of 3 or more in a visible light wavelength region.
- a liquid crystal cell of homogenous orientation is prepared using an appropriate liquid crystal material in which a dye is dissolved, and the absorption maximum wavelength in the polarization absorption spectrum measured using the cell is measured. Is used.
- the standard value of the dichroic ratio at the absorption wavelength is 3 or more, preferably 6 or more, as the dye to be used. It is preferably 9 or more.
- the present invention also relates to a polarizing plate having a transparent protective layer provided on at least one surface of the polarizer.
- the present invention also relates to an optical film, wherein at least one of the polarizer and the polarizing plate is laminated.
- the present invention relates to an image display device using the knitted polarizer, the polarizing plate or the optical film.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual top view showing an example of the polarizer of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual top view of a polarizer of the present invention, in which a film is formed by a translucent thermoplastic resin 1 containing an absorbing dichroic dye 2, and the film is used as a matrix to form a fine region 3.
- a translucent thermoplastic resin 1 containing an absorbing dichroic dye 2
- the absorption dichroic dye 2 is more present in the translucent thermoplastic resin 1 that forms a film that is a matrix. Can be present to such an extent that they do not affect optically.
- Figure 1 shows an example of a case where the minute domains 3, the refractive index difference between the transparent thermoplastic resin 1 in the axial direction (delta eta 1 direction) showing the maximum value, the absorption dichroic dye 2 is oriented It is.
- the polarization component of .DELTA..eta 1 direction is scattered.
- the The ⁇ 1 direction in one direction is the absorption axis.
- the ⁇ 2 direction orthogonal to the ⁇ 1 direction in the film plane is the transmission axis.
- .DELTA..eta 2 direction of one cormorants also perpendicular to .DELTA..eta 1 direction is the thickness direction.
- thermoplastic resin 1 a resin having a light-transmitting property in a visible light region and capable of dispersing and adsorbing an absorbing two-color material can be used without particular limitation.
- polyvinyl alcohol or a derivative thereof conventionally used for a polarizer can be mentioned.
- Derivatives of polybutyl alcohol include polybutylformal, polybutylacetal, and the like, as well as ethylene, propylene and other olefins, unsaturated acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, alkyl esters thereof, acrylamide, and the like. And denatured ones.
- thermoplastic resin 1 examples include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate poly (ethylene naphthalate); styrene resins such as polystyrene and atalylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS resin); Examples include propylene, a polyolefin having a cyclo- or norbornene structure, and an olefin resin such as an ethylene-propylene copolymer.
- vinyl chloride resin cellulose resin, acrylic resin, amide resin, imide resin, sulfone polymer, polyether sulfone resin, polyether ether ketone resin polymer, polyphenylene sulfide resin
- examples include vinylidene chloride-based resin, vinyl butyral-based resin, arylate-based resin, polyoxymethylene-based resin, silicone-based resin, and urethane-based resin. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a cured product of a thermosetting or ultraviolet curable resin such as a phenol-based, melamine-based, ataryl-based, urethane-based, acrylic urethane-based, epoxy-based, or silicone-based resin can also be used.
- the translucent thermoplastic resin may be an isotropic resin that does not easily cause orientation birefringence due to molding distortion or the like, or may be an anisotropic resin that easily causes orientation birefringence.
- the translucent thermoplastic resin preferably has a glass transition temperature of 110 ° C. or more, more preferably 115 ° C. or more, and particularly preferably 120 ° C. or more, from the viewpoint of heat resistance and workability. Further, those having a weight deflection ⁇ JS of 80 ° C or more are preferable. Weighted deflection temperature according to JISK 7 2 0 7, 1 8 1.
- the material forming the minute region 3 is isotropic or birefringent is not particularly limited, but a birefringent material is preferable.
- a birefringent material a material exhibiting liquid crystallinity at least at the time of the alignment treatment (hereinafter, referred to as a liquid crystalline material) is preferably used. That is, as long as the liquid crystalline material exhibits liquid crystallinity at the time of the alignment treatment, it may exhibit liquid crystallinity in the formed minute region 3 or may have lost liquid crystallinity.
- the material forming the minute region 3 may be a birefringent material (liquid crystalline material) having any of a nematic liquid crystal property, a smectic liquid crystal property, and a cholesteric liquid crystal property, or a lyotropic liquid crystal property.
- the birefringent material may be a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin or may be formed by polymerization of a liquid crystalline monomer.
- the liquid crystal material is a liquid crystal thermoplastic resin
- a material having a high glass transition temperature is preferred from the viewpoint of heat resistance of the finally obtained structure. It is preferable to use one that is in a glassy state at least at room temperature.
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin is usually oriented by heating, fixed by cooling, and forms the microscopic region 3 while maintaining the liquid crystallinity. After the compounding of the liquid crystal monomer, the minute regions 3 can be formed in a state of being fixed by polymerization, cross-linking, or the like. However, the formed minute regions 3 may lose liquid crystallinity.
- a liquid crystal thermoplastic resin which maintains the liquid crystallinity even in the minute region 3 is preferable.
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin polymers having various skeletons of a main chain type, a side chain type or a composite type thereof can be used without particular limitation.
- a condensation type polymer having a structure in which mesogen groups composed of aromatic units are bonded for example, a polyester type, a polyamide type, a polycarbonate type, a polyester type polymer, etc.
- the aromatic unit to be a mesogen group include phenyl, biphenyl and naphthalene-based aromatic units, and these aromatic units have a substituent such as a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a halogen group. It may be.
- the side chain type liquid crystal polymer includes polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, poly- ⁇ -haloacrylate, polya-halo cyanoacrylate, polyacrylamide, polysiloxane, and polymalonate-based main chains.
- the cyclic unit to be a mesogen group include biphenyl, phenyl benzoate, phenylcyclohexane, azoxybenzene, azomethine, azobenzene, phenylpyrimidine, and diphenylacetylene.
- Diphenyl benzoate type bicyclohexane type, cyclohexylbenzene type, terphenyl type and the like.
- the terminal of these cyclic units may have a substituent such as a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen group, a haloalkyl group, a haloalkoxy group, a haloalkenyl group, and the like.
- a substituent such as a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen group, a haloalkyl group, a haloalkoxy group, a haloalkenyl group, and the like.
- mesogen group those having a halogen group can be used.
- the mesogenic groups of any of the liquid crystal polymers may be bonded via a spacer that imparts flexibility.
- the spacer include a polymethylene chain and a polyoxymethylene chain.
- the number of repeating structural units that form part of the spacer is appropriately determined by the chemical structure of the mesogenic moiety, but the number of repeating units in the polymethylene chain is 0 to 20, preferably 2 to 12, The number of repeating units is from 0 to 10, preferably from 1 to 3.
- the liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin preferably has a glass transition temperature of 50 ° C or higher, more preferably 80 ° C or higher. Further, those having a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 to 100,000 hectares are preferred.
- liquid crystalline monomer examples include those having a polymerizable functional group such as an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group at a terminal, and having a mesogen group composed of a self-cyclic unit or the like and a spacer portion. Further, a polymerizable functional group having two or more acryloyl groups, methacryloyl groups, or the like may be used to introduce a crosslinked structure to improve durability.
- the material for forming the minute regions 3 is not limited to the liquid crystalline material, and any material different from the matrix material may be used.
- the resin include polybutyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, polyolefin, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, polyethylene terephthalate, and acrylic styrene copolymer.
- particles having no birefringence can be used as a material for forming the minute region 3.
- the fine particles Examples thereof include resins such as polyatalylate and acrylic styrene copolymer.
- the size of the fine particles is not particularly limited, a particle having a particle size of 0.5 to 500 m, preferably 0.5 to 100 m is used.
- the material for forming the minute regions 3 is preferably the above-mentioned liquid crystalline material, but a non-liquid crystalline material can be mixed into the knitted liquid crystalline material. Further, a non-liquid crystal material can be used alone as a material for forming the minute regions 3.
- the absorption dichroic dye a dye that has heat resistance and does not lose dichroism due to decomposition or deterioration even when the liquid crystal material of the birefringent material is heated to be oriented is preferably used.
- the absorption dichroic dye is preferably a dye having at least one absorption band having a dichroic ratio of 3 or more in a visible light wavelength region.
- the dye having such a high dichroic ratio include azo-, perylene- and anthraquinone-based dyes which are preferably used for a dye-based polarizer. These dyes include mixed dyes. These dyes are described in detail, for example, in JP-A-54-716171.
- a dye having an absorption wavelength suitable for the characteristics can be used.
- two or more dyes are appropriately mixed so that absorptivity occurs in the entire visible light region.
- the polarizer of the present invention produces a film in which a matrix is formed by a translucent thermoplastic resin 1 containing an absorbing dichroic dye 2 and has a small region 3 (for example, formed of a liquid crystalline material) in the matrix.
- the oriented birefringent material for example, formed of a liquid crystalline material
- the resulting polarizer has a transmittance of at least 80% for linearly polarized light in the transmission direction, a haze value of at most 10%, and a haze value of at least 50% for linearly polarized light in the absorption direction.
- the refractive index difference delta eta 1 direction (delta eta 1), preferably controlled so .DELTA..eta 2 directions of refractive index difference (.DELTA..eta 2) is within the above range.
- the fi ⁇ step of the polarizer of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example,
- the translucent thermoplastic resin serving as the matrix is mixed with a material (hereinafter referred to as fine A case where a liquid crystalline material is used as a material for a small region will be described as a typical example. In the case of other materials, it conforms to the liquid crystalline material.
- a mixed solution is prepared by dispersing a liquid crystal material to be a micro region in a translucent thermoplastic resin forming a matrix.
- the method of preparing the mixed solution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method utilizing a phase separation phenomenon between the matrix component (light-transmitting thermoplastic resin) and a liquid crystal material.
- a material that is hardly compatible with the matrix component is selected as the liquid crystal material, and a solution of the material forming the liquid crystal material is dispersed in an aqueous solution of the matrix component through a dispersant such as a surfactant. can give.
- a dispersant may not be added depending on a combination of a light-transmitting material forming a matrix and a liquid crystal material forming a minute region.
- the amount of the liquid crystalline material dispersed in the matrix is not particularly limited, but the liquid crystalline material is preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the translucent thermoplastic resin. Or 0.1 to 10 parts by weight.
- the liquid crystalline material is used with or without being dissolved in a solvent.
- the solvent examples include water, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloro mouth, tetrachloroethane, trichloroethylene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and cyclopentane.
- the solvent of the matrix component and the solvent of the liquid crystalline material may be the same or different.
- a solvent for dissolving the liquid crystal material forming the minute regions is not used. Is more preferred.
- a liquid crystal material is directly added to an aqueous solution of a translucent material forming a matrix.
- a dispersing agent in the solution of the matrix component, the solution of the liquid crystal material, or the mixed solution, a dispersing agent, a surfactant, an ultraviolet absorber, a flame retardant, an antioxidant, a plasticizer, a release agent, a lubricant, a coloring agent, etc.
- a dispersing agent in the solution of the matrix component, the solution of the liquid crystal material, or the mixed solution, a dispersing agent, a surfactant, an ultraviolet absorber, a flame retardant, an antioxidant, a plasticizer, a release agent, a lubricant, a coloring agent, etc.
- the mixed solution is heated and dried to remove the solvent, thereby producing a film in which microscopic regions are dispersed in a matrix.
- Various methods such as a casting method, an extrusion molding method, an injection molding method, a mouth molding method, and a casting method can be employed as a method for forming a film.
- film molding a size of minute domains in the film is finally .DELTA..eta 1 direction 0 0 5 to 5 0 0;. Controlled to be um.
- the size and dispersibility of the minute region can be controlled.
- a mixed solution of a high-viscosity translucent thermoplastic resin that forms a matrix and is subjected to a high shearing force and a liquid crystal material that is a microscopic region is dispersed by a stirrer such as a homomixer while heating the mixed solution to a temperature exceeding the liquid crystal range.
- the step (3) of orienting the film can be performed by stretching the film. Stretching includes uniaxial stretching, biaxial stretching, oblique stretching, and the like. Usually, uniaxial stretching is performed.
- the stretching method may be dry stretching in the air, or wet stretching in a 7-system bath when the translucent thermoplastic resin is water-soluble such as polybutyl alcohol.
- an additive a boron compound such as boric acid
- the stretching ratio is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 2 to 10 times.
- the absorbing dichroic dye can be oriented in the stretching axis direction.
- the liquid crystalline material that becomes a birefringent material in the minute region is oriented in the stretching direction in the minute region by the above-described stretching, and develops birefringence.
- the minute region be deformed in accordance with the stretching. Minute area is made of non-liquid crystalline material
- the stretching temperature is around the glass transition temperature of the resin, and if the microscopic region is a liquid crystalline material, the temperature at which the liquid crystalline material becomes a liquid crystal state such as a nematic phase or a smectic phase or an isotropic phase at the stretching temperature is selected. It is desirable to do. If the orientation is insufficient at the time of stretching, a separate step such as a heating orientation treatment may be added.
- an external field such as an electric field or a magnetic field may be used in addition to the above stretching.
- a photoreactive substance such as azobenzene is mixed with a liquid crystalline material, or a photoreactive group such as a cinnamoinole group is introduced into a liquid crystalline material, and the liquid crystalline material is oriented by orientation treatment such as light irradiation. Is also good.
- the stretching treatment and the orientation treatment described above can be used in combination.
- the liquid crystalline material is a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin, after the orientation during stretching, the orientation is fixed and stabilized by cooling to room temperature.
- the liquid crystal monomer does not necessarily have to be hardened because the desired optical characteristics are exhibited if the liquid crystal monomer is oriented.
- a liquid crystalline monomer having a low isotropic transition temperature will be in an isotropic state by applying a little 3 ⁇ 4.
- anisotropic scattering is not caused, and conversely, the polarization performance is not degraded.
- many liquid crystal monomers crystallize when left at room temperature, which causes no anisotropic scattering and, conversely, does not deteriorate the polarization performance. Is preferred.
- the liquid crystalline monomer in order for the alignment state to be stably present under any conditions.
- the curing of the liquid crystalline monomer is carried out, for example, by mixing with a photopolymerization initiator, dispersing in a solution of a matrix component, and aligning, and then UV irradiation at any timing (before or after dyeing with an absorbing dichroic dye). Irradiation to stabilize the orientation. Desirably before dyeing with an absorbing dichroic dye.
- the step (4) of dispersing the absorbing dichroic dye in the translucent thermoplastic resin serving as the matrix generally involves immersing the film in an aqueous bath in which the absorbing dichroic dye is dissolved. can give.
- the immersion may be performed before or after the stretching step (3).
- the ratio of the absorbing dichroic dye in the obtained polarizer is not particularly limited, the ratio of the translucent thermoplastic resin to the absorbing dichroic dye is 10%. About 0.1 to 100 parts by weight of the absorption dichroic dye, and It is preferable to control so as to be 50 parts by weight.
- the absorption dichroic dye used for dyeing and boric acid used for cross-linking are mixed in step (1) instead of the method of immersing the film in an aqueous solution as described above, instead of making it into the film.
- a method of adding an arbitrary amount and amount may be adopted prior to or after the preparation of the solution. Also, both methods may be used in combination.
- step (3) when it is necessary to raise the temperature (for example, to 80 ° C. or more) during stretching or the like, and the absorption dichroic dye is deteriorated by ⁇ ,
- the step (4) of disperse-dying the absorption dichroic dye is desirably performed after the step (3).
- the mixing of the absorbing dichroic dye and the translucent thermoplastic resin before film formation is carried out, for example, by an ordinary method.
- the absorption dichroic dye and the translucent thermoplastic resin are mixed by dissolving them in the same solvent.
- a material in which the dichroic dye and the translucent thermoplastic resin are dissolved in the same solvent is appropriately selected.
- the solvent used for mixing the absorbing dichroic dye and the translucent thermoplastic resin include water, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane.
- a water-soluble resin such as polyvinyl alcohol
- water is preferably used as the solvent.
- concentration of the solution in which the absorbing dichroic dye and the translucent thermoplastic resin are dissolved in the solvent is preferably adjusted to about 1 to 50% by weight.
- the absorbing dichroic dye when the absorbing dichroic dye is mixed with the translucent thermoplastic resin in advance and the film before stretching is dyed, the absorbing dichroic dye is heated during stretching. Those that do not decompose and degrade in ⁇ are used.
- a process (5) for various purposes can be performed in addition to the processes (1) to (4).
- the step (5) includes, for example, a step of immersing the film in a bath for swelling, mainly for the purpose of improving the dyeing efficiency of the film.
- the process of immersing the film in an aqueous solution containing additives such as boric acid and borax is mainly used for crosslinking the water-soluble resin (matrix).
- the step (3) of orienting (stretching) the film, the step (4) of disperse-dying an absorptive dichroic dye in a matrix resin, and the step (5) are performed at least once in steps (3) and (4). If so, the number of steps, the order, and the conditions (bath / immersion time, etc.) can be arbitrarily selected, and each step may be performed separately or a plurality of steps may be performed simultaneously. For example, the cross-linking step of step (5) and the stretching step (3) may be performed simultaneously. It is desirable that the film treated above is dried under appropriate conditions. Drying is done according to the usual method o
- the thickness of the obtained polarizer (film) is not particularly limited, it is generally from 1 m to 3 mm, preferably from 5 m to 1 mm, and more preferably from 10 m to 500 m.
- Polarizer obtained in this way is normally in the stretch direction, the refractive index of the folding material forming the minute domains and the magnitude relation between the refractive index of the matrix resin is not particularly, the stretching direction is in .DELTA..eta 1 direction .
- Two perpendicular directions perpendicular to the stretching axis are ⁇ 2 directions.
- the stretching direction of the absorption dichroic dye is the direction showing the maximum absorption, and the polarizer has the maximum absorption + scattering effect.
- the polarizer obtained according to the present invention has the same function as an existing absorption-type polarizing plate, it can be used without any change in various application fields using the absorption-type polarizing plate.
- the obtained polarizer can be made into a polarizing plate having a transparent protective layer provided on at least one surface thereof according to a conventional method.
- the transparent protective layer can be provided as a coating layer of a polymer or as a laminate layer of a film.
- the transparent polymer or film material for forming the transparent protective layer an appropriate transparent material can be used, but a material having excellent transparency, mechanical strength, heat stability, moisture barrier property, etc. is preferably used.
- the material for forming the transparent protective layer include polyester polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate; cellulosic polymers such as cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate; and polymethyl methacrylate.
- Faku Examples include styrenic polymers, such as ril-based polymers, polystyrene acrylonitrile and styrene copolymer (AS resin), and polycarbonate-based polymers.
- AS resin polystyrene acrylonitrile and styrene copolymer
- polycarbonate-based polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin having a cyclo- or norbornene structure, polyolefin-based polymers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, amide-based polymers, amide-based polymers such as nylon and aromatic polyamides, and the like.
- Imide-based polymers sulfone-based polymers, polyethersulfone-based polymers, polyether-teretone-based polymers, polyphenylene sulfide-based polymers, butyl alcohol-based polymers, vinylidene chloride-based polymers, vinyl butyral-based polymers
- Polymers, arylate-based polymers, polyoxymethylene-based polymers, epoxy-based polymers, or blends of the above-mentioned polymers are also examples of the polymer forming the transparent protective layer.
- a polymer film described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-334529 for example, (A) a side chain substituted and / or unsubstituted imide And a resin composition containing (B) a thermoplastic resin having a substituted and / or unsubstituted phenyl and a nitrile group in a side chain.
- a specific example is a film of a resin composition containing an alternating copolymer of isobutylene and N-methylmaleimide and an acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer.
- a film made of a mixed extruded product of a resin composition or the like can be used.
- a transparent protective layer that can be particularly preferably used in view of polarization characteristics and durability is a triacetyl cellulose film whose surface has been treated with alkali or the like.
- the thickness of the transparent protective layer is arbitrary, but is generally 500 m or less, preferably 1 to 300 m, particularly preferably 5 to 300 m for the purpose of thinning the polarizing plate.
- a transparent protective layer is provided on both sides of the polarizer, a transparent protective film made of a different polymer or the like can be used on the front and back sides.
- a protective film having a retardation value in the thickness direction of the film represented by the formula (1) of from 190 nm to 1775 nm is preferably used.
- the retardation value (R th) in the thickness direction is ⁇ 9
- the retardation value in the thickness direction (Rth) is more preferably 180 nm to 160 nm, and particularly preferably 170 nm to 45 nm.
- the surface of the transparent protective film on which the polarizer is not adhered may be subjected to a hard coat layer, an anti-reflection treatment, a treatment for preventing stateing, and a treatment for diffusion or anti-glare.
- Hard coating is performed to prevent scratches on the polarizing plate surface.
- the anti-reflection treatment is performed for the purpose of preventing reflection of external light on the polarizing plate surface, and can be achieved by forming an anti-reflection film or the like according to the related art.
- the anti-stating treatment is performed to prevent adhesion to the adjacent layer.
- the anti-glare treatment is performed to prevent external light from being reflected on the surface of the polarizing plate and obstructing the visible light transmitted through the polarizing plate.
- the transparent protective film is formed by applying a fine uneven structure to the surface of the transparent protective film by an appropriate method such as a sandblasting method, a roughening method by an embossing method, or a compounding method of transparent fine particles.
- an appropriate method such as a sandblasting method, a roughening method by an embossing method, or a compounding method of transparent fine particles.
- Examples of the fine particles to be included in the formation of the surface fine uneven structure include silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, indium oxide, oxidized dominium, and antimony oxide having an average particle size of 0.5 to 50 m.
- Transparent fine particles such as inorganic fine particles which may be conductive and organic fine particles made of a crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer or the like are used.
- the amount of the fine particles used is generally 2 to 50 weight parts with respect to 100 parts by weight of the transparent resin forming the fine surface uneven structure, and 5 to 25 Parts by weight are preferred.
- the anti-glare layer may also serve as a diffusion layer (such as a viewing angle expansion function) for diffusing light transmitted through the polarizing plate to increase the viewing angle.
- the anti-reflection layer, anti-stating layer, diffusion layer, anti-glare layer and the like can be provided on the transparent protective film itself. It can be provided separately from the protective layer.
- An adhesive is used for the bonding between the polarizer and the transparent protective film.
- the adhesive include an isocyanate-based adhesive, a polybutyl alcohol-based adhesive, a gelatin-based adhesive, a butyl-based latex-based adhesive, and a 7-based polyester.
- the adhesive is usually used as an adhesive composed of a 7_ solution, and usually contains a solid content of 0.5 to 60% by weight.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention is manufactured by laminating the transparent protective film and the polarizer using the adhesive.
- the adhesive may be applied to either the transparent protective film or the polarizer, or may be applied to both.
- a drying step is performed to form an adhesive layer composed of a coating and drying layer.
- the bonding of the polarizer and the transparent protective film can be performed by roll laminating or the like.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but is usually about 0.1 to 5 / im.
- the polarizing plate of the present invention can be used as an optical film laminated with another optical layer in practical use.
- the optical layer is not particularly limited.
- the optical layer is used for forming a liquid crystal display device such as a reflection plate, a semi-transmission plate, a retardation plate (including a wavelength plate such as 1/2 or 1Z4), and a viewing angle compensation film.
- a liquid crystal display device such as a reflection plate, a semi-transmission plate, a retardation plate (including a wavelength plate such as 1/2 or 1Z4), and a viewing angle compensation film.
- One or more optical layers that may be used may be used.
- a reflective polarizing plate or a semi-transmitting polarizing plate in which a reflecting plate or a transflective reflecting plate is further laminated on the polarizing plate of the present invention an elliptically polarizing plate or a circular polarizing plate in which a retardation plate is further laminated on a polarizing plate
- a polarizing plate, a wide-viewing-angle polarizing plate in which a viewing angle compensation film is further laminated on a polarizing plate, or a polarizing plate in which a brightness enhancement film is further laminated on a polarizing plate are preferable.
- the reflective polarizing plate is a polarizing plate provided with a reflective layer, and is used to form a liquid crystal display device or the like that reflects and reflects light incident from the viewing side (display side). It has the advantage that the built-in light source such as a light can be omitted and the thickness of the liquid crystal display device can be easily reduced.
- the reflective polarizing plate can be formed by an appropriate method such as a method in which a reflective layer made of metal or the like is provided on one side of the polarizing plate via a transparent protective layer or the like as necessary.
- a reflective layer is formed by attaching a foil-deposited film made of a reflective metal such as aluminum on one side of a transparent protective film that has been matted as necessary. And those formed.
- a transparent protective film having a fine irregular surface structure in which fine particles are contained therein and a reflective layer having a fine irregular structure thereon.
- the reflective layer having the above-mentioned fine uneven structure has an advantage that the incident light is diffused by irregular reflection to prevent a directional glare and to suppress uneven brightness.
- the transparent protective film containing fine particles has an advantage that the incident light and its reflected light are diffused when transmitted through the protective film, so that uneven brightness can be further suppressed.
- the reflective layer of the fine uneven structure reflecting the fine uneven structure on the surface of the transparent protective film is formed by depositing the metal by an appropriate method such as a vacuum evaporation method, an ion plating method, or a sputtering method. It can be performed by, for example, directly attaching to the surface of the transparent protective layer.
- the reflecting plate may be used as a reflecting sheet in which a reflecting layer is provided on an appropriate film corresponding to the transparent film, instead of the method of directly applying the reflecting plate to the transparent protective film of the polarizing plate. Since the reflective layer is usually made of metal, its use with its reflective surface covered with a transparent protective film ⁇ polarizing plate, etc., is intended to prevent the decrease in reflectance due to oxidation and to maintain the initial reflectance over a long period of time. It is more preferable to avoid separately providing a protective layer.
- the transflective polarizing plate can be obtained by forming a transflective reflective layer such as a half-mirror that reflects and transmits light on the reflective layer.
- a transflective polarizing plate is usually provided on the back side of a liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device or the like When a liquid crystal display device or the like is used in a relatively bright atmosphere, an image is displayed by reflecting incident light from the viewing side (display side). In a relatively dark atmosphere, a liquid crystal display device or the like that displays an image using a built-in light source such as a backlight built in the back side of a transflective polarizing plate can be formed.
- a transflective polarizing plate can save energy for using a light source such as a backlight in a bright atmosphere, and is useful for forming a liquid crystal display device of a type that can be used with a built-in light source even in a relatively dark atmosphere. It is.
- An elliptically polarizing plate or a circularly polarizing plate in which a retardation plate is further laminated on a polarizing plate will be described.
- change linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light or change circularly polarized light to linearly polarized light.
- a so-called 1Z4 wavelength plate also referred to as L / 4 plate
- a half-wave plate also called a ⁇ / 2 plate
- ⁇ / 2 plate is usually used to change the polarization direction of linearly polarized light.
- the elliptically polarizing plate compensates (prevents) the coloring (blue or yellow) caused by the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer of the super twisted nematic (STN) type liquid crystal display device, and is effective in the case of black-and-white display without the coloring. Used. Further, the one in which the three-dimensional refractive index is controlled is preferable because coloring that occurs when the screen of the liquid crystal display device is viewed from an oblique direction can be compensated (prevented).
- the circularly polarizing plate is effectively used, for example, when adjusting the color tone of an image of a reflection type liquid crystal display device in which an image is displayed one by one, and has a function of preventing reflection.
- a film made of an appropriate polymer such as polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene or other polyolefin, polyarylate, or polyamide is stretched.
- Examples include a birefringent film, an alignment film of a liquid crystal polymer, and an alignment layer of a liquid crystal polymer supported by a film.
- the retardation plate may be one having an appropriate retardation according to the intended use, such as, for example, various wavelength plates or ones for the purpose of compensating coloring or viewing angle due to birefringence of the liquid crystal layer. It may be one in which retardation plates are laminated to control optical characteristics such as retardation.
- the above-mentioned elliptically polarizing plate or reflection type elliptically polarizing plate is obtained by laminating a polarizing plate or a reflection type polarizing plate and a retardation plate in an appropriate combination.
- Such an elliptically polarizing plate or the like can also be formed by sequentially and separately laminating a (reflection type) polarizing plate and a retardation plate in the manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device so as to form a combination.
- the use of an optical film such as an elliptically polarizing plate in advance has an advantage that the efficiency of a liquid crystal display device and the like can be improved due to its excellent quality stability and laminating workability.
- the viewing angle compensation film is a film for widening the viewing angle so that the image can be seen relatively clearly even when the screen of the liquid crystal display device is viewed not obliquely but perpendicularly to the screen.
- a viewing angle compensating retardation plate includes, for example, a retardation film, an alignment film such as a liquid crystal polymer, or a film in which an alignment layer such as a liquid crystal polymer is supported on a transparent substrate.
- An ordinary retardation plate has a birefringence that is uniaxially stretched in the plane direction.
- a retardation plate used as a viewing angle compensation film includes a birefringent polymer film biaxially stretched in a plane direction or a uniaxially stretched birefringent film in a plane direction.
- a birefringent polymer such as a polymer having birefringence and having a controlled refractive index in the thickness direction and a bidirectionally stretched film such as an obliquely oriented film may be used.
- the skew-oriented film examples include, for example, a film obtained by adhering a heat or shrink film to a polymer film and stretching or shrinking the polymer film under the action of the shrinkage force caused by heat D, or a liquid crystal polymer film.
- a film obtained by adhering a heat or shrink film to a polymer film and stretching or shrinking the polymer film under the action of the shrinkage force caused by heat D or a liquid crystal polymer film.
- the raw material polymer for the retardation plate the same polymer as that described for the retardation plate is used to prevent coloration and the like due to a change in viewing angle based on the phase difference due to the liquid crystal cell, and to provide a viewing angle for good visibility.
- An appropriate one for the purpose of expansion of the size and the like can be used.
- the optically anisotropic layer comprising a liquid crystal polymer alignment layer, particularly an optically anisotropic layer consisting of a discotic liquid crystal polymer inclined alignment layer, supported by a triacetyl cellulose film.
- a retardation plate can be preferably used.
- a polarizing plate obtained by laminating a polarizing plate and a brightness enhancement film is usually used by being provided on the back side of a liquid crystal cell.
- the brightness enhancement film reflects linearly polarized light of a predetermined polarization axis or circularly polarized light of a predetermined direction when natural light enters due to reflection from the back of a backlight of a liquid crystal display device, etc., and exhibits the property of transmitting other light.
- the polarizing plate in which the brightness enhancement film is laminated with the polarizing plate, receives light from a light source such as a backlight to obtain transmitted light of a predetermined polarization state, and does not transmit light other than the predetermined polarization state.
- the light reflected on the surface of the brightness enhancement film is further inverted via a reflection layer or the like provided on the rear side thereof and re-entered on the brightness enhancement film, and a part or all of the light is transmitted as light of a predetermined polarization state to thereby obtain brightness.
- the luminance can be improved by increasing the amount of light transmitted through the enhancement film, and by increasing the amount of light that can be used for liquid crystal display image display by supplying polarized light that is hardly absorbed by the polarizer.
- the brightness enhancement film reflects light having a polarization direction that can be absorbed by the polarizer without being incident on the polarizer, but once reflects on the brightness enhancement film, and further inverts the light through a reflective layer provided behind it. And then re-incident on the brightness enhancement film, and only the polarized light whose polarization direction is reflected or inverted between the two so that it can pass through the polarizer is changed to the brightness enhancement film. Since the light is transmitted to the polarizer and supplied to the polarizer, light from a backlight or the like can be efficiently used for displaying an image on the liquid crystal display device, and the screen can be brightened.
- a diffusion plate may be provided between the brightness enhancement film and the above-mentioned reflection layer or the like.
- the light in the polarization state reflected by the brightness enhancement film goes to the reflection layer and the like, but the diffuser provided uniformly diffuses the passing light and simultaneously eliminates the polarization state and becomes a non-polarization state. That is, the diffuser returns the polarized light to the original natural light state.
- the light in the non-polarized state that is, the light in the natural light state, repeatedly travels toward the reflection layer and the like, is reflected through the reflection layer and the like, passes through the diffuser again, and reenters the brightness enhancement film.
- a brightness enhancement film for example, a film exhibiting a characteristic of transmitting linearly polarized light having a predetermined polarization axis and reflecting other light, such as a multilayer thin film of a dielectric or a multilayer laminate of thin films having different refractive index anisotropy.
- An oriented film of a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer such as one in which the oriented liquid crystal layer is supported on a film substrate, and exhibits the property of reflecting either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light and transmitting other light. Any suitable material such as a material can be used.
- the transmitted light is directly incident on the polarization plate with the polarization axis aligned, thereby efficiently absorbing the polarization plate while suppressing the absorption loss.
- a brightness enhancement film that emits circularly polarized light such as a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, does not.
- the light can be incident on the polarizer as it is, it is preferable that the circularly polarized light be linearly polarized through the phase difference plate and incident on the polarizer from the viewpoint of suppressing the absorption loss.
- a quarter-wave plate as the retardation plate, circularly polarized light can be converted to linearly polarized light.
- a retardation plate that functions as a quarter-wave plate in a wide wavelength range such as the visible light region is, for example, a retardation layer that functions as a quarter-wave plate for light-colored light with a wavelength of 550 nm and other retardation layers. It can be obtained by a method in which a retardation layer exhibiting characteristics, for example, a retardation layer functioning as a half-wave plate is overlapped. Therefore, the retardation plate disposed between the polarizing plate and the brightness enhancement film may be composed of one or more retardation layers.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is also composed of two or three or more layers that are superimposed on each other with different reflection wavelengths to obtain circularly polarized light in a wide wavelength range such as the visible light region. Based on this, it is possible to obtain transmission circularly polarized light in a wide wavelength range.
- the polarizing plate may be formed by laminating a polarizing plate and two or three or more optical layers as in the above-mentioned polarization separation type polarizing plate. Therefore, a reflective elliptically polarizing plate or a transflective elliptically polarizing plate obtained by combining the above-mentioned reflective polarizing plate, semi-transmissive polarizing plate and retardation plate may be used.
- An optical film in which the optical layer is laminated on a polarizing plate can also be formed by a method in which the optical film is sequentially laminated separately in a manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device or the like. It is excellent in quality stability, assembling work, and the like, and has an advantage that a manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device or the like can be improved.
- Appropriate bonding means such as an adhesive layer can be used for lamination.
- the above-mentioned polarizing plate or the optical film in which at least one polarizing plate is laminated may be provided with an adhesive layer for bonding to another member such as a liquid crystal cell.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive for forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but for example, an acrylic polymer, a silicone-based polymer, a polyester, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polyether, a fluorine-based or rubber-based polymer appropriately used as a base polymer may be used. Select and use Can be. In particular, those having excellent optical transparency, such as an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, exhibiting appropriate wettability, cohesiveness and adhesiveness and exhibiting excellent weather resistance and heat resistance can be preferably used.
- an adhesive layer having a low moisture absorption rate and excellent heat resistance is preferred.
- the adhesive layer is made of, for example, natural or synthetic resins, particularly, tackifier resins, fillers, pigments, coloring agents, and antioxidants made of glass fibers, glass beads, metal powders, and other inorganic powders.
- the adhesive may contain an additive to be added to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Further, it may be a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer containing fine particles and exhibiting light diffusibility.
- the attachment of the adhesive layer to one or both sides of the polarizing plate or the optical film can be performed by an appropriate method.
- examples thereof include dissolving or dispersing a base polymer or a composition thereof in a solvent consisting of a single solvent or a mixture of appropriate solvents such as toluene and ethyl acetate.
- An example is a method in which an adhesive layer is formed on a separator, and the adhesive layer is transferred onto a polarizing plate or optically.
- the adhesive layer can also be provided on one or both sides of a polarizing plate or an optical element as a superposed layer of different compositions or types. In the case where the adhesive layer is provided, it is also possible to form an adhesive layer having a different composition and a different thickness on the front and back of the polarizing plate or the optical film.
- the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be appropriately determined depending on the purpose of use, adhesive strength, and the like, and is generally 1 to 500 m, preferably 5 to 200 m, and particularly preferably 10 to 100 m. I like it.
- a separator is temporarily attached to the exposed surface of the adhesive layer for the purpose of preventing contamination and covered. This can prevent the adhesive layer from coming into contact with the adhesive layer in a normal handling state.
- a suitable thin leaf such as a plastic film, rubber sheet, paper, cloth, nonwoven fabric, net, foam sheet or metal foil, or a laminate thereof may be used as the separator, if necessary.
- Silicone or long Appropriate conventional ones, such as those coated with an appropriate release agent such as mirror alkyl, fluorine, or molybdenum sulfide, can be used.
- each layer such as a polarizer, a transparent protective film, an optical film, or the like, which forms the above-mentioned polarizing plate, and an adhesive layer, for example, includes a salicylate-based compound, a benzophenol-based compound, a benzotriazole-based compound, and a cyanoacrylic compound.
- a compound having an ultraviolet absorbing ability according to a method such as a method of treating with an ultraviolet absorber such as a nickel compound or a nickel complex compound may be used.
- the polarizing plate or optical film of the present invention can be preferably used for forming various devices such as a liquid crystal display device.
- the formation of the liquid crystal display device can be performed according to a conventional method. That is, a liquid crystal display device is generally formed by appropriately assembling components such as a liquid crystal cell and a polarizing plate or an optical film, and, if necessary, an illumination system and incorporating a drive circuit.
- a polarizing plate or an optical film according to the present invention is used, and it can be in accordance with the conventional art.
- any type such as TN type, STN type, and r type can be used.
- An appropriate liquid crystal display device such as a liquid crystal display device in which a polarizing plate or an optical film is arranged on one or both sides of a liquid crystal cell, or a lighting system using a backlight or a reflecting plate can be formed.
- the polarizing plate or the optical film according to the present invention can be installed on one side or both sides of the liquid crystal cell.
- polarizing plates or optical films are provided on both sides, they may be the same or different.
- appropriate components such as a diffusion plate, an anti-glare layer, an anti-reflection film, a protection plate, a prism array, a lens array sheet, a light diffusion plate, and a backlight are placed at appropriate positions in one layer. Or, two or more layers can be arranged.
- organic electroluminescence device organic EL display device
- a transparent electrode, an organic light emitting layer, and a metal electrode are sequentially laminated on a transparent substrate to form a light emitting body (organic electroluminescent light emitting body).
- the organic light emitting layer is a laminate of various organic thin films, for example, a laminate of a hole injection layer made of a triphenylamine derivative or the like and a light emitting layer made of a fluorescent organic solid such as anthracene.
- holes and electrons are injected into an organic light emitting layer by applying a voltage to a transparent electrode and a metal electrode, and energy generated by recombination of these holes and electrons is emitted. It emits light based on the principle that it excites materials and emits light when the excited fluorescent substance returns to the ground state.
- the mechanism of recombination on the way is similar to that of a general diode, and as can be expected from this, the current and the emission intensity show strong nonlinearity with rectification with respect to the applied voltage.
- At least one of the electrodes must be transparent in order to extract light emitted from the organic light emitting layer.
- a transparent electrode formed of a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO) is used. Used as anode.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- metal electrodes such as Mg-Ag and A1-Li are usually used.
- the organic light emitting layer is formed of a very thin film having a thickness of about 10 nm. For this reason, the organic light emitting layer transmits light almost completely as well as the transparent electrode. As a result, the light that enters from the surface of the transparent substrate during non-light emission, passes through the transparent electrode and the organic light emitting layer, and is reflected by the metal electrode, returns to the surface side of the transparent substrate again, so that when viewed from the outside, However, the display surface of the organic EL display device looks like a mirror surface.
- an organic EL display device including an organic electroluminescent luminous element having a transparent electrode on the front side of an organic luminescent layer that emits light by applying a voltage and a metal electrode on the back side of the organic luminescent layer, the surface of the transparent electrode A polarizing plate may be provided on the side, and a retardation plate may be provided between the transparent electrode and the polarizing plate.
- the retardation plate and the polarizing plate have a function of polarizing light incident from the outside and reflected by the metal electrode, there is an effect that the mirror surface of the metal electrode is not visually recognized by the polarization action.
- the phase difference plate is composed of a 1/4 wavelength plate and the angle between the polarization directions of the polarizing plate and the phase difference plate is adjusted to 7C / 4, the mirror surface of the metal electrode can be completely shielded. .
- This circularly polarized light passes through the transparent substrate, the transparent electrode, and the organic thin film, is reflected by the metal electrode, passes through the organic thin film, the transparent electrode, and the transparent substrate again, and becomes linearly polarized light again by the phase difference plate.
- the linearly polarized light is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the polarizing plate, and cannot pass through the polarizing plate. As a result, the mirror surface of the metal electrode can be completely shielded.
- Polyvinyl alcohol resin with a degree of polymerization of 2400 and a degree of genification of 98.5% Aqueous polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with a solid content of 13% by weight, and a liquid crystalline monomer having one acryloyl group at each end of the mesogen group (Nematic liquid crystal range is 40 ⁇ 70 ° C) and glycerin are mixed so as to obtain polybutyl alcohol: liquid crystal 4 raw monomer: glycerin-100: 3: 15 (weight ratio), and the liquid crystal temperature range
- the mixture was heated as above and stirred with a homomixer to obtain a mixed solution.
- the above mixed film After swelling the above mixed film by immersing it in a water bath at 30 ° C, it consists of a descendant night (concentration 1% by weight) of a commercially available dichroic dye (Congo Red, manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the film was stretched about 3 times in a dyeing bath at ° C. Thereafter, the film was stretched in a crosslinking bath composed of a 3% by weight aqueous solution of boric acid at 50 ° C. so that the total stretching ratio became 6 times.
- Crosslinking was further carried out with a 4% by weight 7_K solution of boric acid at 30 ° C.
- the polarizer was dried at 50 t for 4 minutes to obtain the polarizer of the present invention.
- Abbe refractometer measuring light 589 nm
- a mixed solution was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for mixing as described above.
- aqueous solution containing 10 parts of polybutyl alcohol and 10 parts of a water-soluble absorption type dichroic dye (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Congo Red) at a solid content of 10% by weight (1) was prepared.
- toluene firewood (2) containing 30 parts of a liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin represented by the following chemical formula (1) and having a solid content concentration of 20% by weight was prepared.
- the aqueous solution (1) and the toluene solution (2) were mixed together with 3 parts of a surfactant (Kao, Emazol L-10).
- the mixed venom was stirred using a homomixer to obtain a 7 Om thick film by a solvent casting method.
- a film in which both solvents were sufficiently dried was subjected to a uniaxial stretching treatment at a stretching ratio of 3 at 120 ° C., and then rapidly cooled to obtain a polarizer (film).
- the refractive indices of the matrix and the minute region were measured separately as in Example 1.
- the refractive index in the stretching direction ( ⁇ ⁇ n 1 direction) of the polyvinyl alcohol film alone stretched under the same stretching conditions was 1.54, and the refractive index in the ⁇ 2 .direction was 1.52.
- the refractive index of the liquid crystal monomer eta beta: extraordinary refractive index and eta:. Ordinary refractive index
- ns corresponding to .DELTA..eta 1 direction refractive index
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that a film was prepared using the polybutyl alcohol aqueous solution itself. Further, the obtained film was subjected to wet stretching in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a polarizer.
- Example 1 was repeated except that a film was prepared using an aqueous solution of potassium iodide (potassium iodide: 0.05% by weight, potassium iodide: 0.35% by weight) in place of the dichroic dye aqueous solution. The same operation as in Example 1 was performed. A polarizer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained film was subjected to wet stretching in the same manner as in Example 1, and that the color tone was adjusted using an aqueous solution of potassium iodide during washing with water. Was obtained.
- potassium iodide potassium iodide
- the optical properties of the polarizers (samples) obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were measured with a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere (U-4100 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- the transmittance for each linearly polarized light (550 ⁇ m) was measured with 100% of the completely polarized light obtained through a Glan-Thompson prism polarizer.
- the degree of polarization P was calculated as ⁇ (k, one k 2 ) / (k, + k 2 ) ⁇ ⁇ 100.
- a haze value for linearly polarized light in the direction of maximum transmittance and a haze value for linearly polarized light in the absorption direction (the direction orthogonal thereto) were measured.
- the haze value is measured using a haze meter 1 (HM-150, manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory) according to JISK 7136 (How to determine the haze of a transparent material, plastic).
- -SEG 1224 DU Single transmittance 43%, degree of polarization 99.96%) is placed on the sample measurement light incident surface side, and the stretching direction of the commercially available polarizing plate and the sample (polarizer) are measured perpendicularly. The haze value at the time of performing is shown.
- the amount of light at the time of orthogonality becomes less than the sensitivity limit of the detector.
- light from a separately provided high-intensity halogen lamp is incident using an optical fiber.
- the shirt was manually opened and closed overnight to calculate the haze value.
- the ratio of backscattered ⁇ to the incident light ⁇ J ⁇ was measured.
- the backscattering intensity The degree was measured by reflection measurement using a spectrophotometer with a 5 ° tilting integrating sphere (U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- a black acrylic plate was bonded to the back surface of the sample via an acrylic adhesive, and all reflections on the back surface were absorbed, and only the reflection and scattering intensity from the front surface and the inside of the sample to the rear were obtained.
- a sample (polarizer) was placed on the upper surface of a backlight used for a liquid crystal display in a dark room, and a commercially available polarizing plate (NPF-SEG1224DU manufactured by Nitto Denko) was inspected. The photons were stacked so that the polarization axes were orthogonal to each other, and the level was visually observed based on the following criteria.
- the heat resistance was evaluated by bonding a triacetyl cellulose film (8 ⁇ m thick) to both surfaces of the polarizer using a water-soluble adhesive, followed by drying to prepare a polarizing plate. After leaving this polarizing plate in an atmosphere of 10 ° C. for 1 hour, the degree of deterioration was visually evaluated according to the following criteria.
- the polarization was evaluated by confirming the light passing condition and the color when the polarization axes of the same two samples were arranged orthogonally.
- the dye-based polarizer of the example had a higher haze value of the transmissivity at the time of orthogonality than the dye-based polarizer of Comparative Example 1, and the unevenness due to the variation was hidden by scattering and confirmed. You can see that it is no longer possible. Further, it can be seen that the dye-based polarizer of the example also secures the heat resistance, which is a characteristic of the dye-based polarizer, in comparison with the comparative example.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were mounted side by side by replacing the polarizing plate on the backlight side of a commercially available twisted nematic liquid crystal panel.
- this was displayed in black in a dark room and the level of unevenness was confirmed, no unevenness was observed when the polarizing plate of Example 1 was mounted compared to the polarizing plate of Comparative Example 1, and visibility was low.
- the polarizer obtained was very good. Since the absorption dichroic dye was present in the matrix, the optical path length of light passing through the absorption layer was long. The effect of improving the polarization performance is greater than that of the polarizer described in JP-A-118. Further, the manufacturing process is simple.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-207718 discloses a mixture of a liquid crystalline birefringent material and an absorbing dichroic material in a resin matrix. Dispersed phases are disclosed. The effect is the same as that of the present invention. However, as compared with the case where the absorbing dichroic material is present in the dispersed phase as in JP-A-2002-207118, the absorption dichroic material is present in the matrix layer as in the present invention. The presence of the conductive material allows the scattered polarized light to pass through the absorption layer but increases the optical path length, so that more scattered light can be absorbed. Therefore, the effect of improving the polarization performance is much higher in the present invention. Also! 3 ⁇ 4t process is simple.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-59069 discloses an optical body in which a dichroic dye is added to either a continuous phase or a dispersed phase.
- Aphonin et al. Describe the optical properties of a stretched film in which liquid crystal droplets are arranged in a polymer matrix. It is stated that.
- Aphonin et al. Referred to an optical film consisting of a matrix phase and a dispersed phase (liquid crystal component) without using a dichroic dye, and the liquid crystal component was a polymer of a liquid crystal polymer or a liquid crystal monomer.
- the present invention provides a polarizer consisting of a film having a structure in which minute regions are dispersed in a matrix formed of a translucent thermoplastic resin containing an absorbing dichroic dye.
- the liquid crystalline material of the present invention is a liquid crystal polymer in which the orientation is fixed within a range of liquid crystal and then cooled to room temperature, and the orientation of the liquid crystal monomer is similarly fixed, and the orientation is fixed by ultraviolet curing or the like.
- the birefringence of a minute region formed of a liquid crystalline material does not change with temperature.
- the present invention is useful as a polarizer, and a polarizing plate or an optical film using the polarizer can be suitably applied to an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, and a CRT.PDP.
- an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, and a CRT.PDP.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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US10/526,876 US7248331B2 (en) | 2002-09-09 | 2003-09-05 | Polarizer, optical film, and image display |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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JP2002-262403 | 2002-09-09 | ||
JP2002262403 | 2002-09-09 | ||
JP2003-294274 | 2003-08-18 | ||
JP2003294274 | 2003-08-18 |
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WO2004023173A1 true WO2004023173A1 (ja) | 2004-03-18 |
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PCT/JP2003/011333 WO2004023173A1 (ja) | 2002-09-09 | 2003-09-05 | 偏光子、光学フィルムおよび画像表示装置 |
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US (1) | US7248331B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20050034719A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI276849B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004023173A1 (ja) |
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WO2005093473A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-06 | Nitto Denko Corporation | 楕円偏光板、光学フィルムおよび画像表示装置 |
WO2006025282A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-01 | 2006-03-09 | Nitto Denko Corporation | 偏光子、偏光板、光学フィルムおよび画像表示装置 |
US7429753B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2008-09-30 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Display device |
CN100434950C (zh) * | 2004-03-23 | 2008-11-19 | 日东电工株式会社 | 偏振片、光学薄膜以及图像显示装置 |
US7630027B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2009-12-08 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Display device having a metal polarizing layer disposed between a first substrate and a common electrode which itself is disposed between a liquid crystal layer and the first substrate |
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US5825543A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1998-10-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Diffusely reflecting polarizing element including a first birefringent phase and a second phase |
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2003
- 2003-09-05 WO PCT/JP2003/011333 patent/WO2004023173A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-09-05 US US10/526,876 patent/US7248331B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-05 KR KR1020057001266A patent/KR20050034719A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-09-08 TW TW092124755A patent/TWI276849B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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JP2002207118A (ja) * | 2001-01-05 | 2002-07-26 | Nitto Denko Corp | 偏光フィルム及び液晶表示装置 |
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CN100434950C (zh) * | 2004-03-23 | 2008-11-19 | 日东电工株式会社 | 偏振片、光学薄膜以及图像显示装置 |
WO2005093473A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-06 | Nitto Denko Corporation | 楕円偏光板、光学フィルムおよび画像表示装置 |
WO2006025282A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-01 | 2006-03-09 | Nitto Denko Corporation | 偏光子、偏光板、光学フィルムおよび画像表示装置 |
US7429753B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2008-09-30 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Display device |
US7557874B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2009-07-07 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Display device |
US7630027B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2009-12-08 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Display device having a metal polarizing layer disposed between a first substrate and a common electrode which itself is disposed between a liquid crystal layer and the first substrate |
US7847883B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2010-12-07 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Reflective liquid crystal display device |
US8536568B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2013-09-17 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Display device |
US8841837B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2014-09-23 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Display device |
US8970104B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2015-03-03 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Display device |
US9357612B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2016-05-31 | Epson Imaging Devices Corporation | Display device |
Also Published As
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US20060007371A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
US7248331B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
KR20050034719A (ko) | 2005-04-14 |
TWI276849B (en) | 2007-03-21 |
TW200407568A (en) | 2004-05-16 |
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