WO2004009435A1 - Sailing ship, keel and sailing method - Google Patents
Sailing ship, keel and sailing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004009435A1 WO2004009435A1 PCT/DE2003/002388 DE0302388W WO2004009435A1 WO 2004009435 A1 WO2004009435 A1 WO 2004009435A1 DE 0302388 W DE0302388 W DE 0302388W WO 2004009435 A1 WO2004009435 A1 WO 2004009435A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- keel
- swords
- sailing
- sailing ship
- ship
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B41/00—Drop keels, e.g. centre boards or side boards ; Collapsible keels, or the like, e.g. telescopically; Longitudinally split hinged keels
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sailing ship, a keel for a sailing ship and a sailing method.
- Keel surface in water A leads. This is illustrated schematically in FIG. 2.
- Such an inclination of the ship 1 leads to several disadvantages.
- On the one hand due to the inclination of the ship 1 for the wind W, which is illustrated in the illustration by arrows with regard to its effect on the sail area S, only a smaller attack component area is available compared to the actual sail area S, so that "less wind” W can be captured for the propulsion of the ship 1.
- only a reduced area of the keel K in the water A counteracts the main wind direction of the wind W transversely to the ship 1, symbolized by the arrows F, so that the ship 1 is pushed sideways by the wind W, which requires countermeasures, which also means Driving force is consumed. Under certain circumstances, ship 1 may even be taken off course.
- water tanks T are known, which are accommodated on the sides of the sailing ship 1 and, if necessary, are pumped full of water on the side facing the wind W.
- Such tanks T not only require space that is either not available for another use or has to be created separately, but also increases in the empty state together with corresponding pump devices. especially when filled, the weight of the sailing ship 1 and thus affect its speed.
- the present invention has and achieves the aim of eliminating or at least alleviating the above disadvantages.
- the invention creates a keel which contains two swords arranged at an angle to one another. Furthermore, the present invention provides a sailing ship with such a keel as well as a sailing method in which a sailing ship is erected against the wind by such a keel in cross winds, as specified in the respective independent claims.
- Raising the sailboat has several advantages. This ensures that the existing sail area can always be fully used for the wind without its effective component to the wind being reduced by an inclined position. Another advantage is that the existing keel area can always be used to the full without reducing its effective component due to the inclined position. If sailing ships no longer take such a strong incline in crosswinds, staying on such sailing ships is much more pleasant. In addition, in contrast to the prior art, there is no need for additional water ballast on the wind side, which saves unnecessary weight in the ship. This increases the average cruising speed or the speed of such ships, which is of immense importance not only, but especially during races, in which crew members even shorten their toothbrushes in order to have less weight on board.
- the invention thus significantly increases
- a ship with a keel according to the invention does not assume an inclined position at low tide or low tide or falls, as is the case with a conventional keel, if the conventional keel or even the underside of the ship gets on the ground, but rather stands on two spread legs, which are formed by the two swords arranged at an angle to each other.
- the swords can be stabilized and / or stiffened separately in themselves and / or with respect to their angular position to one another.
- support devices and / or designs can also be provided at the free ends of the swords, which favor or enable a secure stand. Through the latter measure, a suitable arrangement and design of the support devices can also ensure that the ship assumes the most stable possible balance in its "standing" position.
- a control can adjust the angular position separately, for example with respect to a central zero position, in particular of each individual sword, in such a way that even a safe position of the ship in low water or low tide is possible on an inclined surface and the inclination can be compensated for by separate inclinations of each individual sword.
- at least one sensor can be provided on each sword, such as a contact sensor, which determines the contact of a sword with the ground and transmits it to the control. The latter would then always set the sword whose sensor informed it of the basic contact, until the sensor on the other sword also reported contact with the ground.
- the controller can also be provided or connected with devices for determining the horizontal orientation of the ship.
- the control system can have a corrective action on the inclined or angular position of at least one sword.
- the swords can be arranged so as to be rotatable about an axis along their orientation away from the ship. Apart from the possibility of changing or influencing flow properties, this configuration opens up the possibility of realizing an even better alignment and / or balancing of the ship on the swords at low water or low tide.
- Another aspect of the swords themselves, which can be rotated about a longitudinal axis, is that a brake for a sailing ship is obtained as it were.
- the keel contains two swords which enclose an angle between them.
- the keel can be pivoted transversely to the direction of travel of the ship, further preferably the keel transversely to the direction of travel of the ship in at least in a range of approximately 30 °, in particular in at least in a range of approximately 60 ° , is pivotable.
- the keel can be pivoted transversely to the direction of travel of the ship in a maximum of approximately 120 °, in particular in a maximum of approximately 90 °.
- the keel is operatively connected to an electrical and / or hydraulic system for pivoting or for adjusting a pivoting position.
- the electrics have at least one electric servomotor and / or that the hy draulic contains at least one pump, a control valve, fluid vessel and / or a piston-cylinder unit, the fluid vessel preferably being a membrane vessel with a membrane for determining and maintaining a central or rest position of the keel.
- a controller is provided in order to pivot the keel as a function of driving situations and / or control situations, the controller preferably being designed to operate in predefined driving situations and / or control situations and / or emergency situations to pivot the keel in a predetermined manner and / or in a predetermined position.
- angle between the two swords is adjustable. It can additionally be provided that the two swords can be adjusted independently of one another with respect to their angular position to a central position.
- actuating devices for adjusting the angle are included and are operatively connected to at least one sword, and / or if detection devices for detecting driving situations and / or control situations and / or emergency situations and control devices are provided, and that as a function of control the position of the keel and / or the swords with respect to one another with the detection devices, the detection devices preferably containing large tree position sensor devices, basic sensor devices, keel center position sensor devices and / or ship inclined position sensor devices.
- the keel is combined with a standard hull of the sailing ship with standard keel approaches for keels with a sword without special constructions on the hull.
- the swords are shaped so that they have an alignment effect on the ship with at least one angular position to each other or a swivel position of the keel.
- the keel can be locked in at least one swivel position.
- the present invention further provides a keel with a sword, including another sword, and with the two swords enclosing an angle between them.
- a sword including another sword
- the two swords enclosing an angle between them.
- the angle between the swords is adjustable.
- keel Another development of such a keel consists in that at least one of the swords can be rotated about an axis that lies at least substantially in the plane spanned by the two swords, it being possible in particular to provide that both swords about one axis each lies at least essentially in the plane spanned by the two swords, can be rotated independently of one another.
- At least one of the swords can be adjusted and / or adjusted in length in a direction that is at least essentially in the plane spanned by the two swords.
- the present invention also provides a sailing method which is characterized in that, depending on the strength and direction of the wind from a keel which contains two swords which form an angle between them, at least one of the swords adjusts transversely to the direction of travel becomes.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a first exemplary embodiment of a sailing ship with a V-shaped keel
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross section analogous to FIG. 1 through a sailing ship according to the prior art
- Fig. 3 seen a pair of swords in longitudinal section from above, and
- Fig. 4 is a schematic cross section analogous to Fig. 1 through a second embodiment of a sailing ship with a V-shaped keel.
- the keel K contains two swords 2 and 3 which are arranged at an angle to one another, as is shown in the schematic representation of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG Figure 1 is shown, can be seen.
- the two swords 1 and 2 form an average V-shape, the tip of which points towards the bottom of the ship and the opening of which points away from the ship 1.
- a weight 6 or 7 is preferably arranged on the free end side 4 and 5 of each sword 2 or 3.
- the raised sword 3 will, due to gravity, want to sink down into a stable state of equilibrium with the other sword 2. This endeavor also causes the ship 1 to stand up against the wind.
- the invention in its simplest way already achieves a substantial improvement over the prior art with a keel with only one sword.
- the swords 2 and 3 of the keel K can be designed such that they, or more precisely the angle ⁇ between them, are permanently set or adjustable according to a further training to ensure an optionally adjustable downforce or downward pressure.
- the swords 2 and 3 of the keel K can be designed such that they, or more precisely the angle ⁇ between them, are permanently set or adjustable according to a further training to ensure an optionally adjustable downforce or downward pressure.
- the weight on the raised sword in FIG. 1, for example, the sword 3
- designs can be selected here which react with increasing inclination for increasing downforce or downward pressure to the sword raised as a result of the inclination of ship 1 (eg sword 3 in FIG. 1).
- the correction effect of the keel K according to the invention thus becomes stronger with increasing inclination of the ship 1, namely automatically by a fixed shape of the swords 2 and 3 or an automatic or manual possibility of changing the position and / or shape of the swords 2 and 3.
- FIG. 3 a pair of swords 2 'and 3' is shown in longitudinal section as seen from above as an example and there are
- the keel K can be arranged as a whole in a pivotable manner, as is illustrated in the basic illustration in FIG. 1.
- a swiveling keel K of a sailing boat or ship 1 can be swiveled automatically or by the helmsman depending on the inclined position, so that the ship 1 sails upright again in the water W.
- the pivotable design of the keel K also has a V-shape which is open at the bottom in cross section, weights 6 and 7 being arranged at the respective free ends 4 and 5 of this V-shape of the keel.
- the helmsman can intensify or effect the above-described effect of the V-shaped keel K accelerate by pivoting the keel K towards the wind W.
- the wind-side ballast in the form of the weight 7 in the example shown in FIG. 1 moves further away from the boat center line M towards the wind W and therefore increases the force component for erecting the sailing ship 1.
- the other side of the keel dives K, ie the "lower” sword 2, deeper into the water W, so that it offers a larger attack surface against the sideways movement of the ship 1 (in relation to the arrows F) and overall the track in the water W can thus be maintained more easily.
- the “lower” sword 2 thus causes the sailing ship 1 to drift less “windward” at the side less from the wind W.
- the fact that the wind-away ballast is as close as possible to the plane of the center of the boat M reduces the influence of its weight on the ship 1 and thus further promotes its uprighting efforts.
- the advantage of the hydraulic system is that in an emergency it can cause the pivoted keel K and thus the ballast (weights 6 and 7) to be returned to the central position (symmetrical to the central plane M) more quickly , This is particularly advantageous and even necessary so that in the event of a sudden absence of wind or a rapid turn to the wind or jibe with the wind, with the ship 1 being caught by the wind on the other side, the pivoted 5 keel K is misaligned in this regard avoided or corrected as quickly as possible. It is thus achieved that in the event of a load change due to the wind, in particular the ballast (weights 6 and 7) is in any case not significantly pivoted out in exactly the wrong direction. A dangerous inclination of the ship 1 due to 0 a sudden turning of the ship 1 and consequent misalignment of the keel K, which would further support the changed inclination of the ship, can thus be avoided.
- a control for effecting the return of the keel K could, for example, and preferably by detecting the position of the large boom 8, i.e. of the horizontal lower sail section parallel to the boat deck 9, take place from the mast 10 or be checked. If this boom 8 is pivoted from a deflection position and exceeds the middle of the boat M, it can be provided that the keel K is quickly moved back into the middle or zero position. Such a movement can preferably be taken over by a hydraulic system in a quick and powerful manner. 5
- control pressure (not shown) can be intentionally released, e.g. if a turning maneuver is planned, or takes place automatically as a function of the large boom position, when the boom 8 is pivoted over the center of the boat M.
- a further advantageous embodiment consists in that a membrane vessel (not shown) is used as the pressure container (not shown). Furthermore, it is preferred to provide such an emergency control (not shown) in an embodiment with a pivotable keel K that the keel K is only moved back to the middle in an emergency situation caused by load changes, that is to say in its symmetrical manner about the central plane M.
- pivotable keel K contains a latch, catch or other locking device (not shown) in order to hold the keel K in its zero or middle position.
- the angle ⁇ between the two swords 2 and 3 of the keel K is adjustable. In principle, it is possible to combine this variant with a keel K that can be pivoted overall.
- Swords 2 and 3 of the keel K which can be pivoted relative to one another can in particular be between a position in which both swords 2 and 3 are directly adjacent to one another in parallel, ie form an angle ⁇ of 0 ° between them, and a position with an angle ⁇ between the two swords 2 and 3, preferably in the range of about 30 ° to about 120 °, in particular between about 60 ° and about 90 °, be adjustable.
- the folded swords 2 and 3 seem to be like a conventional single sword that protrudes vertically from the bottom of the ship. Suitable configurations are readily possible for the person skilled in the art, so that a more detailed discussion with corresponding configurations and configurations is unnecessary here.
- the two swords 2 and 3 can then be "pulled apart".
- swords 2 and 3 of the keel K that are not mutually adjustable enclose an angle of approximately 30 ° to approximately 120 °, in particular approximately 60 ° to approximately 90 °.
- FIG. 4 a hydraulic system 12 and a control valve 13 are shown as an example of a control as an alternative or in combination with other control means.
- a mechanical system and control 14 of the V-keel K formed by the two swords 2 and 3 in a V-shape are located in the keel K itself and contain a swivel motor 15.
- the ship's construction can be equipped with a standard, ie conventional keel mount (not separately shown) remain completely unchanged.
- the space for adjusting devices, such as cylinder structures, in the ship's hull can be saved. Only a pump and corresponding hydraulic lines (in the scope of the hydraulics 12 and the control valve 13) are to be stowed in the keel attachment or ship hull R.
- Suitable swivel motors 15 can be found, for example, on the construction industry market, in particular in connection with excavator backhoe buckets with a trench clearing blade.
- Sol- Before swivel motors 15 enable stepless swiveling from the control (not shown).
- such motors are available from 40 kg to 452 kg with torques from 2,100 Nm to 33,000 Nm and have a double holding torque. In terms of size, these motors have a diameter of 18 cm to 40 cm, which can easily be integrated in a keel K with a corresponding thickness, as is schematically illustrated in FIG. 4 in the step.
- the keel K is combined with a standard hull R of the sailing ship 1 with standard keel attachments for keels K with a sword without special constructions on the hull R.
- a plurality of swivel motors 15 can be arranged one behind the other in the direction of travel, which may receive their hydraulic pressure in parallel at the same time, the torque and holding torque of all motors being added.
- Swivel motors 15 currently known to the inventor have an overall swivel angle
- 90 ° are cheaply produced in series, can also be operated with bio-oil and are resistant to salt water. If a total adjustment angle of 90 ° is not sufficient for a one-piece V-keel K or if it is desired, a separate swivel motor 15 can be used for each sword 2 and 3 of the V-keel K, the swivel motors 15 being arranged one behind the other in the direction of travel can. In any case, care can be taken to ensure that the wind-side sword and, if necessary, weight can be raised to such an extent that it even protrudes from water A and offers less resistance under water A, which has a favorable effect on advancement.
- the middle position which is advantageous for safety in a one-piece V-keel, for example, is determined by determining the used-up or displaced amount of oil can take place in the hydraulic system 12. This is done particularly advantageously with a double-acting diaphragm vessel 16. When the diaphragm 17 is relaxed, the same amount of hydraulic oil 18 is located in the vessel 16 on both sides of the diaphragm 17, as a result of which the central position is fixed.
- Such a preload can also be achieved with suitable pressure or spring means (not shown) in a piston-cylinder unit (not shown).
- the membrane vessel 16 or any other equivalent device with a pump can be arranged anywhere in the hull R and need not necessarily be in the vicinity of the V-keel K.
- the present invention is only illustrated by way of example using the exemplary embodiments described above.
- the invention includes in particular any generalizations attributable to the person skilled in the art, as well as combinations, modifications, substitutions and variations of the features disclosed in the present documents.
- individual design options can be combined with one another in any manner.
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- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10393453T DE10393453D2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2003-07-16 | Sailing ship, keel and sailing procedure |
AU2003247256A AU2003247256A1 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2003-07-16 | Sailing ship, keel and sailing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE20210738.8 | 2002-07-16 | ||
DE20210738 | 2002-07-16 | ||
DE20212448 | 2002-08-09 | ||
DE20212448.7 | 2002-08-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004009435A1 true WO2004009435A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
Family
ID=30771888
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2003/002388 WO2004009435A1 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2003-07-16 | Sailing ship, keel and sailing method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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AU (1) | AU2003247256A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10393453D2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004009435A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006036465A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Thiede, Björn, Dr. | Movable hydrodynamic keel for e.g. sailing boat, has luff-sided wing counteracting offending forces of ship by its self-weight in locked position that is displaced from center of gravity axis of ship |
DE102007003738B3 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-03 | Düsterloh, Helmut G. | Watercraft e.g. sailing boat, has two axial ship bottom axles linearly anchored and extending into piston, where axles are rotary and unmovable in body, and are provided with outer thread meshing with one inner thread of subjectable piston |
DE102008006655A1 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-20 | Düsterloh, Helmut G. | Rotary driven quarter turn drive of a canting keel |
WO2010098726A3 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2011-06-30 | Grom Tomaz | Keel and sailing vessel incorporating such keel |
Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB737888A (en) * | 1952-10-07 | 1955-10-05 | Harold William Fawcett | Improvements in or relating to sailing craft |
FR1491403A (en) * | 1966-06-27 | 1967-08-11 | Centerboard in two lifting parts, especially for sailing yachts | |
US3951090A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1976-04-20 | Potter Instrument Company, Inc. | Hydraulic system for raising and lowering keel |
US4044703A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1977-08-30 | Joel Kurtz | Sailboat control apparatus |
US4117797A (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1978-10-03 | Hartleigh Kelly | Mast and keel movement for sailing vessels |
US4352335A (en) * | 1977-09-16 | 1982-10-05 | Sugden Keith C | Yacht keels |
DE8409661U1 (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1984-09-20 | Petermann, Kurt, 4420 Coesfeld | SPREADING LIFT KEY FOR SAILING YACHTS |
FR2563177A1 (en) * | 1984-04-18 | 1985-10-25 | Langevin Sylvestre | Retractable and articulated foil profiles intended for reducing the drag of a float |
DE3939014A1 (en) * | 1989-11-25 | 1991-05-29 | Zuehlke Ernst W Dipl Ing Fh | Hinged fins attached to keel of sailing ship - can be held at angle to generate hydrodynamic forces to assist in ship propulsion |
FR2658477A1 (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1991-08-23 | Merville Pierre | Retractible boat keel |
US5152238A (en) * | 1991-08-27 | 1992-10-06 | Page Robert L | Split-hinged, winged, self-cradling shallow draft keel for sailing vessel |
US5622130A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1997-04-22 | Dyna-Yacht, Inc. | Heel control system for sailing yachts and sailing yacht hull |
GB2322334A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-08-26 | Stephen James Bryant | Twin yacht keels |
DE29817032U1 (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 1999-01-14 | Becker, Reinhard, 40789 Monheim | Keel arrangement for sailboats |
FR2773353A1 (en) * | 1998-01-05 | 1999-07-09 | Claude Perrier | Retractable double keel of sailing marine vessel |
FR2807999A1 (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-10-26 | Yves Kinard | Arrangement to vary the drag on a sailboat, has two half-keels with ballast, both of which can be moved just like the wings of a butterfly by a strap mounted on their rotation drum |
-
2003
- 2003-07-16 DE DE10393453T patent/DE10393453D2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-16 WO PCT/DE2003/002388 patent/WO2004009435A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-16 AU AU2003247256A patent/AU2003247256A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB737888A (en) * | 1952-10-07 | 1955-10-05 | Harold William Fawcett | Improvements in or relating to sailing craft |
FR1491403A (en) * | 1966-06-27 | 1967-08-11 | Centerboard in two lifting parts, especially for sailing yachts | |
US3951090A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1976-04-20 | Potter Instrument Company, Inc. | Hydraulic system for raising and lowering keel |
US4117797A (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1978-10-03 | Hartleigh Kelly | Mast and keel movement for sailing vessels |
US4044703A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1977-08-30 | Joel Kurtz | Sailboat control apparatus |
US4352335A (en) * | 1977-09-16 | 1982-10-05 | Sugden Keith C | Yacht keels |
DE8409661U1 (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1984-09-20 | Petermann, Kurt, 4420 Coesfeld | SPREADING LIFT KEY FOR SAILING YACHTS |
FR2563177A1 (en) * | 1984-04-18 | 1985-10-25 | Langevin Sylvestre | Retractable and articulated foil profiles intended for reducing the drag of a float |
DE3939014A1 (en) * | 1989-11-25 | 1991-05-29 | Zuehlke Ernst W Dipl Ing Fh | Hinged fins attached to keel of sailing ship - can be held at angle to generate hydrodynamic forces to assist in ship propulsion |
FR2658477A1 (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1991-08-23 | Merville Pierre | Retractible boat keel |
US5152238A (en) * | 1991-08-27 | 1992-10-06 | Page Robert L | Split-hinged, winged, self-cradling shallow draft keel for sailing vessel |
US5622130A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1997-04-22 | Dyna-Yacht, Inc. | Heel control system for sailing yachts and sailing yacht hull |
GB2322334A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-08-26 | Stephen James Bryant | Twin yacht keels |
FR2773353A1 (en) * | 1998-01-05 | 1999-07-09 | Claude Perrier | Retractable double keel of sailing marine vessel |
DE29817032U1 (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 1999-01-14 | Becker, Reinhard, 40789 Monheim | Keel arrangement for sailboats |
FR2807999A1 (en) * | 2000-04-25 | 2001-10-26 | Yves Kinard | Arrangement to vary the drag on a sailboat, has two half-keels with ballast, both of which can be moved just like the wings of a butterfly by a strap mounted on their rotation drum |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006036465A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Thiede, Björn, Dr. | Movable hydrodynamic keel for e.g. sailing boat, has luff-sided wing counteracting offending forces of ship by its self-weight in locked position that is displaced from center of gravity axis of ship |
DE102007003738B3 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-03 | Düsterloh, Helmut G. | Watercraft e.g. sailing boat, has two axial ship bottom axles linearly anchored and extending into piston, where axles are rotary and unmovable in body, and are provided with outer thread meshing with one inner thread of subjectable piston |
WO2008087000A1 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Duesterloh Helmut G | Compact swivel drive for a canting keel |
DE102008006655A1 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2009-08-20 | Düsterloh, Helmut G. | Rotary driven quarter turn drive of a canting keel |
WO2010098726A3 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2011-06-30 | Grom Tomaz | Keel and sailing vessel incorporating such keel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003247256A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
DE10393453D2 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
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