WO2004003499A2 - Compensation for utterance dependent articulation for speech quality assessment - Google Patents
Compensation for utterance dependent articulation for speech quality assessment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004003499A2 WO2004003499A2 PCT/US2003/020354 US0320354W WO2004003499A2 WO 2004003499 A2 WO2004003499 A2 WO 2004003499A2 US 0320354 W US0320354 W US 0320354W WO 2004003499 A2 WO2004003499 A2 WO 2004003499A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- articulation
- speech
- speech quality
- power
- quality assessment
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001303 quality assessment method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L15/00—Speech recognition
- G10L15/08—Speech classification or search
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/48—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use
- G10L25/69—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use for evaluating synthetic or decoded voice signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/03—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of extracted parameters
- G10L25/21—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of extracted parameters the extracted parameters being power information
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/48—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use
- G10L25/51—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use for comparison or discrimination
- G10L25/60—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use for comparison or discrimination for measuring the quality of voice signals
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to communications systems and, in particular, to speech quality assessment.
- Performance of a wireless communication system can be measured, among other things, in terms of speech quality.
- the first technique is a subjective technique (hereinafter referred to as "subjective speech quality assessment”), i subjective speech quality assessment, human listeners are used to rate the speech quality of processed speech, wherein processed speech is a transmitted speech signal which has been processed at the receiver.
- This technique is subjective because it is based on the perception of the individual human, and human assessment of speech quality typically takes into account phonetic contents, speaking styles or individual speaker differences.
- Subjective speech quality assessment can be expensive and time consuming.
- the second technique is an objective technique (hereinafter referred to as "objective speech quality assessment”). Objective speech quality assessment is not based on the perception of the individual human.
- the present invention is a method for objective speech quality assessment that accounts for phonetic contents, speaking styles or individual speaker differences by distorting speech signals under speech quality assessment.
- a distorted version of a speech signal By using a distorted version of a speech signal, it is possible to compensate for different phonetic contents, different individual speakers and different speaking styles when assessing speech quality.
- the amount of degradation in the objective speech quality assessment by distorting the speech signal is maintained similarly for different speech signals, especially when the amount of distortion of the distorted version of speech signal is severe.
- Objective speech quality assessment for the distorted speech signal and the original undistorted speech signal are compared to obtain a speech quality assessment compensated for utterance dependent articulation. In one embodiment, the comparison corresponds to a difference between the objective speech quality assessments for the distorted and undistorted speech signals.
- Fig. 1 depicts an objective speech quality assessment arrangement which compensates for utterance dependent articulation in accordance with the present invention
- Fig. 2 depicts an embodiment of an objective speech quality assessment module employing an auditory-articulatory analysis module in accordance with the present invention.
- Fig. 3 depicts a flowchart for processing, in an articulatory analysis module, the plurality of envelopes a;(t) in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 4 depicts an example illustrating a modulation spectrum Ai(m,f) in terms of power versus frequency.
- the present invention is a method for objective speech quality assessment that accounts for phonetic contents, speaking styles or individual speaker differences by distorting processed speech.
- Objective speech quality assessment tend to yield different values for different speech signals which have same subjective speech quality scores. The reason these values differ is because of different distributions of spectral contents in the modulation spectral domain.
- the amount of degradation in the objective speech quality assessment by distorting the speech signal is maintained similarly for different speech signals, especially when the distortion is severe.
- Objective speech quality assessment for the distorted speech signal and the original undistorted speech signal are compared to obtain a speech quality assessment compensated for utterance dependent articulation. Fig.
- Objective speech quality assessment arrangement 10 comprises a plurality of objective speech quality assessment modules 12, 14, a distortion module 16 and a compensation utterance-specific bias module 18.
- Speech signal s(t) is provided as inputs to distortion module 16 and objective speech quality assessment module 12.
- distortion module 16 speech signal s(t) is distorted to produce a modulated noise reference unit (MNRU) speech signal s'(t).
- MNRU modulated noise reference unit
- distortion module 16 produces a noisy version of input signal s(t).
- MNRU speech signal s'(t) is then provided as input to objective speech quality assessment module 14.
- objective speech quality assessment modules 12, 14 speech signal s(t) and MNRU speech signal s'(t) are processed to obtain objective speech quality assessments SQ(s(t) and SQ(s'(t)).
- Objective speech quality assessment modules 12, 14 are essentially identical in terms of the type of processing performed to any input speech signals. That is, if both objective speech quality assessment modules 12, 14 receive the same input speech signal, the output signals of both modules 12, 14 would be approximately identical. Note that, in other embodiments, objective speech quality assessment modules 12, 14 may process speech signals s(t) and s'(t) in a manner different from each other. Objective speech quality assessment modules are well- known in the art. An example of such a module will be described later herein.
- Speech quality assessment SQcompensated is determined using the difference between objective speech quality assessments SQ(s(t) and SQ(s'(t)). For example, SQ com pensate d is equal to SQ(s(t) minus SQ(s'(t)), or vice-versa. In another embodiment, speech quality assessment SQ com pensated is determined based on a ratio between objective speech quality assessments SQ(s(t) and SQ(s'(t)). For example,
- Fig. 2 depicts an embodiment 20 of an objective speech quality assessment module 12, 14 employing an auditory-articulatory analysis module in accordance with the present invention.
- objective quality assessment module 20 comprises of cochlear filterbank 22, envelope analysis module 24 and articulatory analysis module 26.
- speech signal s(t) is provided as input to cochlear filterbank 22.
- cochlear filterbank 22 filters speech signal s(t) to produce a plurality of critical band signals Sj(t), wherein critical band signal Sj(t) is equal to s(t)*hi(t).
- the plurality of critical band signals Si(t) is provided as input to envelope analysis module 24.
- envelope analysis module 24 the plurality of critical band signals s ⁇ (t) is processed to obtain a plurality of envelopes a ⁇ (t), wherein
- the plurality of envelopes a ⁇ (t) is then provided as input to articulatory analysis module 26.
- the plurality of envelopes aj(t) is processed to obtain a speech quality assessment for speech signal s(t).
- articulatory analysis module 26 does a comparison of the power associated with signals generated from the human articulatory system (hereinafter referred to as "articulation power P A (m,i)”) with the power associated with signals not generated from the human articulatory system (hereinafter referred to as "non- articulation power P NA (II )”)- Such comparison is then used to make a speech quality assessment.
- Fig. 3 depicts a flowchart 300 for processing, in articulatory analysis module 26, the plurality of envelopes a ⁇ (t) in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
- step 310 Fourier transform is performed on frame m of each of the plurality of envelopes a;(t) to produce modulation spectrums Ai(m,f), where f is frequency.
- Fig. 4 depicts an example 40 illustrating modulation spectrum Ai(m,f) in terms of power versus frequency.
- articulation power P A (m,i) is the power associated with frequencies 2 ⁇ 12.5 Hz
- non-articulation power P NA C ⁇ is the power associated with frequencies greater than 12.5 Hz
- Power P No (n ⁇ ,i) associated with frequencies less than 2 Hz is the DC-component of frame m of critical band signal a ⁇ (t).
- articulation power PA(m,i) is chosen as the power associated with frequencies 2 ⁇ 12.5 Hz based on the fact that the speed of human articulation is 2 ⁇ 12.5 Hz, and the frequency ranges associated with articulation power PA(m,i) and non-articulation power P N A( ⁇ ) (hereinafter referred to respectively as “articulation frequency range” and “non-articulation frequency range”) are adjacent, non-overlapping frequency ranges. It should be understood that, for purposes of this application, the term “articulation power P (m,i)” should not be limited to the frequency range of human articulation or the aforementioned frequency range 2 ⁇ 12.5 Hz.
- non-articulation power P NA (m,i) should not be limited to frequency ranges greater than the frequency range associated with articulation power P A (m,i).
- the non-articulation frequency range may or may not overlap with or be adjacent to the articulation frequency range.
- the non-articulation frequency range may also include frequencies less than the lowest frequency in the articulation frequency range, such as those associated with the DC-component of frame m of critical band signal a ⁇ (t).
- step 320 for each modulation spectrum Ai(m,f), articulatory analysis module 26 performs a comparison between articulation power P A (m,i) and non-articulation power P (m,i).
- the comparison between articulation power P (m,i) and non-articulation power P NA (m,i) is an articulation-to-non-articulation ratio ANR(m,i).
- the ANR is defined by the following equation
- step 330 ANR(m,i) is used to determine local speech quality LSQ(m) for frame m.
- Local speech quality LSQ(m) is determined using an aggregate of the articulation-to-non-articulation ratio ANR(m,i) across all channels i and a weighing factor R(m,i) based on the DC-component power P N o(m,i). Specifically, local speech quality LSQ(m) is determined using the following equation
- step 340 overall speech quality SQ for speech signal s(t) is determined using local speech quality LSQ(m) and a log power P s (m) for frame m. Specifically, speech quality SQ is determined using the following equation
- ⁇ is any value
- P tn is a threshold for distinguishing between audible signals and silence.
- ⁇ is preferably an odd integer value.
- the output of articulatory analysis module 26 is an assessment of speech quality SQ over all frames m. That is, speech quality SQ is a speech quality assessment for speech signal s(t).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
- Electrically Operated Instructional Devices (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Machine Translation (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
- Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003253742A AU2003253742A1 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2003-06-27 | Compensation for utterance dependent articulation for speech quality assessment |
EP03762154.7A EP1518096B1 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2003-06-27 | Compensation for utterance dependent articulation for speech quality assessment |
KR1020047003130A KR101052432B1 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2003-06-27 | Pronunciation-dependent Articulation Compensation for Speech Quality Assessment |
JP2004517987A JP4301514B2 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2003-06-27 | How to evaluate voice quality |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/186,862 | 2002-07-01 | ||
US10/186,862 US7308403B2 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Compensation for utterance dependent articulation for speech quality assessment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004003499A2 true WO2004003499A2 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
WO2004003499A3 WO2004003499A3 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2003/020354 WO2004003499A2 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2003-06-27 | Compensation for utterance dependent articulation for speech quality assessment |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7308403B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1518096B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4301514B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101052432B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1307611C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003253742A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004003499A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7165025B2 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2007-01-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Auditory-articulatory analysis for speech quality assessment |
US7305341B2 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2007-12-04 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of reflecting time/language distortion in objective speech quality assessment |
CN101053016B (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2011-05-18 | 荷兰应用科学研究会(Tno) | Method and system for constructing a first frequency compensation input spacing power density function |
US9241994B2 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2016-01-26 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Pharmaceutical compositions containing sc(Fv)2 |
US7856355B2 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2010-12-21 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Speech quality assessment method and system |
KR100729555B1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-06-19 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | Method for Objective Speech Quality Assessment |
KR101227876B1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2013-01-31 | 돌비 레버러토리즈 라이쎈싱 코오포레이션 | Method and apparatus for maintaining speech audibility in multi-channel audio with minimal impact on surround experience |
CN101609686B (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-09-14 | 南京大学 | Objective assessment method based on voice enhancement algorithm subjective assessment |
CN101894560B (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-08-15 | 上海大学 | Reference source-free MP3 audio frequency definition objective evaluation method |
CN102157147B (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-05-30 | 公安部第一研究所 | Test method for objectively evaluating voice quality of pickup system |
DE102013005844B3 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-08-28 | Technische Universität Braunschweig | Method for measuring quality of speech signal transmitted through e.g. voice over internet protocol, involves weighing partial deviations of each frames of time lengths of reference, and measuring speech signals by weighting factor |
US9830905B2 (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2017-11-28 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Systems and methods for feature extraction |
EP2922058A1 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-23 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO | Method of and apparatus for evaluating quality of a degraded speech signal |
Citations (2)
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US4352182A (en) | 1979-12-14 | 1982-09-28 | Cselt - Centro Studi E Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. | Method of and device for testing the quality of digital speech-transmission equipment |
EP1187100A1 (en) | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-13 | Koninklijke KPN N.V. | A method and a device for objective speech quality assessment without reference signal |
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US3971034A (en) * | 1971-02-09 | 1976-07-20 | Dektor Counterintelligence And Security, Inc. | Physiological response analysis method and apparatus |
EP0572531A4 (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1995-03-22 | Seaway Technologies Inc | Acoustic method and apparatus for identifying human sonic sources. |
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GB9604315D0 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1996-05-01 | British Telecomm | Training process |
DE69626115T2 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 2003-11-20 | British Telecomm | SIGNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT |
DE19647399C1 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-07-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Hearing-appropriate quality assessment of audio test signals |
US6052662A (en) * | 1997-01-30 | 2000-04-18 | Regents Of The University Of California | Speech processing using maximum likelihood continuity mapping |
US6246978B1 (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2001-06-12 | Mci Worldcom, Inc. | Method and system for measurement of speech distortion from samples of telephonic voice signals |
US6609092B1 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2003-08-19 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for estimating subjective audio signal quality from objective distortion measures |
US7165025B2 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2007-01-16 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Auditory-articulatory analysis for speech quality assessment |
US7305341B2 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2007-12-04 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of reflecting time/language distortion in objective speech quality assessment |
-
2002
- 2002-07-01 US US10/186,862 patent/US7308403B2/en active Active
-
2003
- 2003-06-27 JP JP2004517987A patent/JP4301514B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-27 EP EP03762154.7A patent/EP1518096B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-27 CN CNB038009366A patent/CN1307611C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-06-27 KR KR1020047003130A patent/KR101052432B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-27 AU AU2003253742A patent/AU2003253742A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-27 WO PCT/US2003/020354 patent/WO2004003499A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4352182A (en) | 1979-12-14 | 1982-09-28 | Cselt - Centro Studi E Laboratori Telecomunicazioni S.P.A. | Method of and device for testing the quality of digital speech-transmission equipment |
EP1187100A1 (en) | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-13 | Koninklijke KPN N.V. | A method and a device for objective speech quality assessment without reference signal |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040002857A1 (en) | 2004-01-01 |
EP1518096B1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
US7308403B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 |
EP1518096A2 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
AU2003253742A1 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
KR101052432B1 (en) | 2011-07-29 |
CN1550000A (en) | 2004-11-24 |
CN1307611C (en) | 2007-03-28 |
JP4301514B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
WO2004003499A3 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
AU2003253742A8 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
KR20050012712A (en) | 2005-02-02 |
JP2005531990A (en) | 2005-10-20 |
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