WO2004001139A1 - Foundation piles or similar load carrying elements - Google Patents
Foundation piles or similar load carrying elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004001139A1 WO2004001139A1 PCT/US2002/014951 US0214951W WO2004001139A1 WO 2004001139 A1 WO2004001139 A1 WO 2004001139A1 US 0214951 W US0214951 W US 0214951W WO 2004001139 A1 WO2004001139 A1 WO 2004001139A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pile
- foundation pile
- layer
- structural
- composite material
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/60—Piles with protecting cases
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0001—Rubbers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
- E02D2300/0006—Plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0051—Including fibers
- E02D2300/0053—Including fibers made from glass
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0051—Including fibers
- E02D2300/0068—Including fibers made from carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to foundation piles and similar load carrying structural elements.
- a pile and/or load carrying similar structural element design advancing the present art is required to address all the following engineering characteristics: a) Components that don't rust, corrode, or decompose when exposed to fresh water and/or sea water and/or sewage and/or water-borne creatures, plants, bugs or other things that like to eat, b) Does not require * getting ready-mix concrete to the job-site, c) Ease of transport to job-site, d) Ease of handling and rigging, in marine and other similar applications, structural element sections, such as, but not limited to, piles, should float, e) Requires no new expensive handling and/or pile driving equipment, f) Quick field jointing of structural element sections, such as, but not limited to, piles, g) Structural element sections, such as, but not limited to, piles, design and construction by components certified and in use by state agencies and approved for use by Federal Agencies, h) Allows the use of existing engineering design codes, addresses pertinent engineering
- the structural element sections such as, but not limited to, piles
- the pile design should allow for expected impact loads associated with transport, placement, installation and intended use, plus safety factor, through application of a "wearing surface",
- the structural element sections such as, but not limited to, piles, design should allow for inspection in-situ.
- Grosse & Fehr 3,939,665 (Feb. 24, 1976) describe "...the application of a coating of a corrosion resistant covering consisting of an outer shield of stiff plastic" protecting an existing, aiready-in-place, metai H- pile.
- the Grosse & Fehr 3,939,665 "...relates to the protection of metal piles from corrosion in underwater and semi-underwater environments.”
- Grosse & Fehr 3,939,665 references Fox, U.S. Pat. No. 1,013,758 (Jan, 2, 1912), and Drusbel et al., U.S. Pat. No.2,874,548 (Feb.24, 1959), and Liddell, U.S. Patent No.
- the splash zone is the zone near the surface of the bodies of water, which is alternately exposed to water and air due both to changing level of tides and the like, the breaking of waves, the spray from waves and various other turblenc ⁇ s coming in contact with metallic structures.”
- Grosse & Fehr 3,939,665 does not address, given ail the problems associated, why H-pilos or I-beam piles are used for piling.
- Grosse & Fehr 3,939,665 state that "(U)nhilst H-beam and I-beam type piling, while strong and rigid for its weight, has large surface areas which, being made of metal, and usually iron, are subject to oxidation and other corrosive attack when exposed to corrosive environment.”
- H and I- bea piles are frequently used, in spite of conrosion problems, si because of their "...large surface areas" Piles are "driven” into a soil matrix. The act of "driving" the pile causes friction to develop between the soil matrix and the surface of the pile.
- Pile skin-friction frequently accounts for most or all the physical support the soil- matrix provides.
- the "surface area - to- cross-sectional area ratio" becomes an important economic issue for a number of reasons. Some of those reasons, but not limited to, are A) transport costs of the pile sections to the installation site. This is a function of how much "surface-area” can be transported at a time. That i «, in the case where friction is an important design factor, the more friction developed per length of structural element the lower the overall cost of transportation, and obviously other associated costs, will be.
- pile driving operations are functions of how long it takes for the pile being "pushed" into the soil-matrix to develop the amount of friction to resist the design-loads demanded. The greater the "surface area - to - cross-sectional area ratio" the shorter the required length of pile that needs to be placed into the soil-matrix for the required development of friction.
- Fox4,019,30l (Get 24, 1977) describes "(A) protective system for concrete, wood and steel piling or other structures subject to corrosion or wear from the action of water. This system includes an encasement sleeve... and a filler... etween the encasement sleeve and the piling.” "The encasement and filler are left permanently on the structure to protect the same from water or other elements, and also to reconstruct worn portions to achieve the original structural integrity of the structures.” Fox 4,019,301 is a retro-fit invention.
- Fox 4,019,301 In addition to potential environmental aspects of the Fox 4,019,301 invention, the nature of Fox 4,019,301 may case structural problems. Application - of the Fox 4,019,301 encasement or the Colbert et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,023,374 (May 17, 1977) "sleeve” or the Moore U.S. Patent No. 4,306,821 (Dec. 22, 1981) "outer circumferential form” or the Fawley U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,057 (May 27, 1997) "composite reinforcing sleeves' or Neuner et al. U.S. Pat. No.5,925,579 (Jul 2, 1999) - may result in unintended structural loading of the structural element in question.
- any increase in stiffness of a single pile will cause loadings to transfer from the less stiff piles to the single stiff ⁇ r pile.
- the concentration of load forces can result in significant unintended structural loadings elsewhere in the wharfs structural system.
- Mirmiran 5,599,599 use of FRP pultruted components for shear transfer between the FRP exterior shell and concrete core is questionable due to the smooth surface natural to FRP pulrutions.
- any initial shear transferring bond between the FRP shell and concrete core could degrade over time.
- Fawley 5,633,057 "...concrete slurry... shrinkage... and therefore, there is inadequate load transfer", i.e. shear.
- Mirmiran 5,599,599 offered embodiments Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B, Fig. 1C, Fig, 1D, Fig. 2A, Fig. 2B, Fig. 3A, Fig. 3B, Fig. 4Aand Fig. 4B, quoting from Mirmiran 5,599,599 "The invention consists of hollow FRP shell filled with concrete.” While Mirmiran 5,599,599 suggests that "...the invention can be used as concrete piles.", the invention does not address how the FRP shell will encourage skin-friction, nor how in the act of placing the invention into a soil-matrix that it would keep its "waterproofing". For use as an above ground structural member Mirmiran 5,599,599 fails to address how to keep fire and/or insulating the exterior shell from damage, both of which directly threaten any Mirmiran 5,599,599 structure's structural integrity.
- March etal. U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,519 (Aug. 19, 1997) does not address threats of fire, nor skin friction issues, nor economic costs associated with use of plastics. March 5,658,519 does not address the lack of "stiffness" in handling and driving such a:; pile. March 5,658,519 offers no means or methods for field attaching individual sections of pile.
- Isley, Jr. U.S. Patent No.5,218,810 (June 15, 1993) addresses retro-fitting existing reinforced concrete columns with a composite reinforcement layer on the exterior surface to provide "hoop" strength said column.
- Isley, Jr. 5,218,810 requires the composite material to remain of a consistent nature as it is “wrapjred” around the reinforced concrete column.
- the present invention's ability to strategically place composite material(s) on the structural element's core allows tor applications other than columns such as, but not limited to, structural beams. In the specific case of marine foundation piles, the present art of handling piles on job-site requires such piles to act as "beams". Isley, Jr.
- a foundation pile which comprises an innermost element, a structural tubular element surrounding this innermost element and composed of a non- metallic material, a tubular layer of a composite material surrounding the structural tubular element and connected therewith, and a friction coating applied on an outer surface of the layer of composite material.
- the foundation pile When the foundation pile is designed in accordance with the present invention, it does not attempt to apply an outer corrosion resistant coating for the purpose of connecting metal pipes as in the patent to Grosse, and it does not deal with skin-friction problems as in this patent. It avoids the use of metals where corrosion is undesirable and provides a significant wearing surface which negates many of the problems disclosed in the patents to Fox, Moore, Fawle and Neuner. It does not insulate its concrete when concrete is used based on recognition that concrete when allowed to remain moist continues to gain overall strength. It eliminates threats of fire and impact damage in contrast to the patent to Mirmiran, it allows placing individual strips of composite material of different material contents and uses unreinforced concrete core in contrast to the patent to Isley.
- Figure 1 is a view showing a longitudinal section of a foundation pile in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a view showing a transverse section of the inventive foundation pile.
- Figures 3 and 4 show two further embodiments of the invention. Best Mode of Carrying out the iinvention
- a foundation pile in accordance with the present invention can be formed for example as marine foundation pile or any other load-carrying supporting element for other applications as well.
- the central element of the foundation pile is a stretchable tendon 1 extending along the axis in a direction of elongation. It can be composed of metal or plastic and pre-tensioned by known methods.
- the inventive foundation pile is identified as a whole with reference numeral 1.
- the foundation pile of the invention has an innermost element or structure which forms a hollow conduit.
- the structure shown in the drawings as an exemplary embodiment is formed as a tubular wall which can be composed, for example plastic, and identified with reference numeral 2.
- the inner hollow space of the structure 2 is identified with reference numeral
- the tubular wall has such an inner diameter than an inner hollow space remains between the inner surface of the tubular wall of the conduit and the tendon 1 or tendons, as identitied with reference numeral 3.
- the hollow conduit is surrounded by a structural tubular element
- the structural tubular element 4 can be composed of various materials, which however are non-metallic. Such materials can be for example concrete, plastic, rubber, structural foam, etc.
- a friction coating can be applied on the tubular wall of the hollow conduit to provide an improved connection between the wall of the hollow conduit and the structural tubular element.
- the friction coating can be composed for example of sand distributed in a binder, for example a resin, such as an epoxy resin as identified with reference numeral 5. However the friction coating is not absolutely necessary.
- a next component of the inventive foundation pile is a composite material which is applied as an outer layer around the structural tubular element.
- the layer of composite material is identified with reference numeral 6.
- the composite material layer 6 can be composed of fiberglass or carbon fibers and/or similar materials. It can be formed as a single shell or can be composed of a plurality of thin layers. It can also include metal components intended to oxidize at a placement of the pile in a medium.
- the composite material can be formed of individual strips of different material contents.
- the structural tubular element can be connected with the layer of composite material by an intermediate connecting layer.
- the intermediate connecting layer which is identified with reference numeral 7 can be composed of resin, for example epoxy resin and the like.
- the outermost component of the inventive foundation pile is a friction coating which is identified with reference numeral 8.
- the friction coating can be formed as a layer which contains a plurality of friction- imparting particles in a binder.
- the binder can be a resin, for example again an epoxy resin, and the particles are selected to correspond to a medium in which the pile will be driven.
- the friction component of the filler of the friction coating can be sand.
- the filler in the friction coating can be crushed rocks.
- the manufacturing process includes the following: i) friction coating is, but not always required, applied to the hollow conduit, ii) forming the concrete, and/or plastic and/or rubber and/or structural foam around the hollow conduit(s), iii) forming and attaching the composite material shell or layers to the surface of the concrete, and/or plastic and/or rubber and/or structural foam component, iv) selection and attaching the friction coating material to the composite material shell or layers, v) Alternatively adding an internal friction coating to a composite shell and filing shell with a core material.
- Placement of strain-gages on the post-tensioning strands, after post tensioning via scalable, and/or resealable portals into the structure's post-tensioning conduit, allows , for monitoring of structural integrity during manufacturing, transport, installation activities and after installation for monitoring of load displacements before, during and after placement of superstructure on the installed pile foundation.
- the present invention's ability to strategically place composite material(s) on the structural element's core allows for application other than providing "hoop" strengthening of core compressive materials. This allows for, but not limited to, structural beams. In the specific case of marine foundation piles, handling piles, on job-site requires such piles to be designed to also act as "beams".
- the structural element sections such as, but not limited to, piles
- the pile design should allow for expected impact loads associated with transport, placement, installation and intended use, plus safety factor, through application of a "wearing surface",
- the structural element sections such as, but not limited to, piles, design should allow for inspection in-situ.
- an appropriate marine pile design should address the expected environment the in-situ pile location. As such, selection of individual components should include only those which don't rust, corrode, decompose or are edible. The designer may in fact desire individual component corrosion for specific applications which are discussed later.
- the present invention utilize plastics, fiberglass, carbon-fibre, rubbers, epoxies, concrete and metal components acceptable for the environment in question.
- the present invention is designed as a pre- assembled pile.
- the concrete components are "precast” so that ready-mix concrete is not required to be used for the piling on the job-site.
- pile sections should float
- the present design allows for the introduction of specific handling and/or rigging structural "hard-points" on the pile “barrel” and or pile section "end(s) B .
- the pile design can be accommodated to insure that individual pile sections "float” by adjusting the diameter(s), and thus the volume(s), of the tension-tendon(s) hollow conduces). Loss of pile section "over-the-side” in marine applications can be physically dangerous and economically costly.
- Addressinig the flotation issue is an important aspect of the present invention. Another aspect of providing for design of overall weight per given volume allow for reduction of overall transportation costs by maximizing the weight volume restrictions of the transport method dictated by the pile user.
- the present invention requires no new expensive pile driving equipment.
- the present invention uses existing pile driving equipment.
- the present invention allows for quick field jointing of one pile section to the next.
- the present invention provides for jointing pile sections as fast or faster than the current art and/or less costly than the current art.
- the present invention pile's design and construction is a new means and method of configuring components certified and in use by State Agencies and approved for use by Federal Agencies. Use of pre-certified components allows quicker acceptance on the present invention by the Engineering community.
- the present invention provides a high "coefficient of skin-friction", loadings that exceed the pile's design-load requirements.
- the cost of pile foundations is usually a direct function of the friction developed between the "skin" of the pile and the soil-matrix in question and the total area of pile-to-soil-matrix interface.
- Skin-friction coupled with interface area defines how costly most marine pile foundations will be as the number of piles and the lengt to which individual piles must be driven is a direct function of these two.
- the present invention addresses the issue of total area of pile to soil-matrix interface by providing for a flexible design approach to individual pile sections' cross-sectional shape.
- the present invention gives design flexibility to the pile designer to tailor the pile's "co-efficient of skin-matrix" to the expected soil matrix the pile is to be placed in.
- pile design is frequently an issue of pile skin-fraction and total area of interface between pile and soil.
- Foundation engineers usually have access to soil borings.
- tailoring the pile surface coatings for maximizing the coefficient of friction, by way of sizing and mix of ground and/or crushed rock, such as but not limited to flint, and/or sand and epoxy and/or resin mixture to the expected soil matrix composition result in minimizing the number of piles and/or depth to which the piles must be driven which directly affects individual pile costs and total foundation costs.
- the present invention addresses the need for the pile to be fire resistant.
- the current art offers numerous means and methods for using outer shells consisting of materials such as fiberglass and carbon-fibre cloth, these composite materials tend to rapidly lose strength when exposed to high heat and/or fire.
- the current art also stresses completely wrapping and sealing the core material, which is usually concrete.
- the current art in fact stresses ⁇ he outer shell's insulating and waterproofing effects.
- the present invention does not require the use an "insulating”, “waterproofing", enclosing shell of composite materials.
- the present invention allows for designs whereby the composite material is attached in "strips" which may be oriented longitudinally and/or circumferentially and or diagonally to the "barrel" of the pi le.
- the pattern, where fire is a concern should have gaps or holes leaving the "core” material exposed to the outer "friction” coat.
- migration of water into the concrete is beneficial. Concrete, in particular precast concrete, if allowed to remain moist after curing, ctually gains structural strength.
- the present invention provides for the pile design for inspection in-situ by way of the tension-tendon void. Providing that a sealed passage-way is installed, at the time of the pile placement, from one pile section's void(s) to the next pile section's void(s), then standard structural inspection camera equipment can be lowered and/or "snaked" through the entire pile. This same access to the length of the pile can also be used to supply air and/or oxygen to oxidize metal-components which could be intentionally placed between the composite-materials-shell and the outer "friction" coat.
- Oxidation would cause the metal-oxide to "expand" pushing the "friction' coat components into, and thus increasing friction resistance, the surrounding soil-matrix.
- the hollow conduit if used, also allows for placement of equipment which could provide information as to the actual location of individual pile sections in the soil-matrix.
- the inner hollow of the innermost: element is filled with a filler, for example, recycled plastic, recycled rubber, concrete, etc.
- the innermost component can be solid and composed of these materials or other materials.
- the tendon 1 can be located inside the pile in all embodiments.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02739245A EP1504158A4 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2002-05-10 | Foundation piles or similar load carrying elements |
CN02829243.XA CN1646774A (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2002-05-10 | Foundation pile and bearing component similar therewith |
JP2004515558A JP2005525490A (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2002-05-10 | Foundation pile or similar load bearing body |
AU2002311907A AU2002311907A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2002-05-10 | Foundation piles or similar load carrying elements |
CA002484660A CA2484660A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2002-05-10 | Foundation piles or similar load carrying elements |
PCT/US2002/014951 WO2004001139A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2002-05-10 | Foundation piles or similar load carrying elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/014951 WO2004001139A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2002-05-10 | Foundation piles or similar load carrying elements |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004001139A1 true WO2004001139A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
Family
ID=29998710
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/014951 WO2004001139A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 | 2002-05-10 | Foundation piles or similar load carrying elements |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1504158A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005525490A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1646774A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002311907A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2484660A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004001139A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2473629A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-23 | Victor Joseph Wigley | A thermally insulating pile |
NL2004056C2 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-06 | Grondgrip | ISOLATED FOUNDATION POLE, AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THIS. |
US9903086B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2018-02-27 | Foundation Technologies, Inc. | Friction reduction pile jacket with slip additive |
US11525260B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2022-12-13 | Forma Technologies Inc. | Composite subgrade formwork and method of use |
US11542704B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | Forma Technologies Inc. | Reconfigurable composite floor formwork and method of use |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017160635A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2017-09-14 | ジャパンパイル株式会社 | Precast pile |
CN105696547A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-22 | 钱于军 | Carbon fiber film precast pile |
CN108487241B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2020-07-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Preparation method of prestressed pipe pile for chloride corrosion environment |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2706498A (en) * | 1950-11-13 | 1955-04-19 | Raymond Concrete Pile Co | Prestressed tubular concrete structures |
US3382680A (en) * | 1965-09-21 | 1968-05-14 | Nippon Concrete Ind Co Ltd | Prestressed concrete pile sections |
US4312162A (en) * | 1979-08-15 | 1982-01-26 | Jonas Medney | Reinforced pole |
US5056284A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1991-10-15 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Bundled tensioning member for prestressing a tall structural member and method of installing same |
US5228806A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1993-07-20 | Petroleo Brasileiro S.A.-Petrobras | Gravity pile for platform foundation and process for its installation |
-
2002
- 2002-05-10 CN CN02829243.XA patent/CN1646774A/en active Pending
- 2002-05-10 CA CA002484660A patent/CA2484660A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-05-10 JP JP2004515558A patent/JP2005525490A/en active Pending
- 2002-05-10 EP EP02739245A patent/EP1504158A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-10 WO PCT/US2002/014951 patent/WO2004001139A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-05-10 AU AU2002311907A patent/AU2002311907A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2706498A (en) * | 1950-11-13 | 1955-04-19 | Raymond Concrete Pile Co | Prestressed tubular concrete structures |
US3382680A (en) * | 1965-09-21 | 1968-05-14 | Nippon Concrete Ind Co Ltd | Prestressed concrete pile sections |
US4312162A (en) * | 1979-08-15 | 1982-01-26 | Jonas Medney | Reinforced pole |
US5056284A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1991-10-15 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Bundled tensioning member for prestressing a tall structural member and method of installing same |
US5228806A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1993-07-20 | Petroleo Brasileiro S.A.-Petrobras | Gravity pile for platform foundation and process for its installation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1504158A4 * |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2473629A (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2011-03-23 | Victor Joseph Wigley | A thermally insulating pile |
NL2004056C2 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2011-07-06 | Grondgrip | ISOLATED FOUNDATION POLE, AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THIS. |
US9903086B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2018-02-27 | Foundation Technologies, Inc. | Friction reduction pile jacket with slip additive |
US11525260B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2022-12-13 | Forma Technologies Inc. | Composite subgrade formwork and method of use |
US11542704B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | Forma Technologies Inc. | Reconfigurable composite floor formwork and method of use |
US11591793B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2023-02-28 | Forma Technologies Inc. | Composite conduit formwork structure and method of fabrication |
US11739525B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2023-08-29 | Forma Technologies Inc. | Composite column formwork and method of use |
US11739526B2 (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2023-08-29 | Forma Technologies Inc. | Composite concrete structure formwork and method of fabrication |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2484660A1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
JP2005525490A (en) | 2005-08-25 |
EP1504158A1 (en) | 2005-02-09 |
AU2002311907A1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
EP1504158A4 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
CN1646774A (en) | 2005-07-27 |
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