WO2003101990A1 - 1-(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindoles as 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 ligands - Google Patents

1-(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindoles as 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 ligands Download PDF

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WO2003101990A1
WO2003101990A1 PCT/US2003/017466 US0317466W WO03101990A1 WO 2003101990 A1 WO2003101990 A1 WO 2003101990A1 US 0317466 W US0317466 W US 0317466W WO 03101990 A1 WO03101990 A1 WO 03101990A1
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pyrrolo
pyridin
formula
compound
sulfonyl
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PCT/US2003/017466
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French (fr)
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Ronald Charles Bernotas
Steven Edward Lenicek
Schuyler A. Antane
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Wyeth
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Priority to UA20041210993A priority Critical patent/UA78999C2/en
Priority to SI200330706T priority patent/SI1509522T1/en
Priority to DK03734366T priority patent/DK1509522T3/en
Priority to CA002486191A priority patent/CA2486191A1/en
Priority to NZ536959A priority patent/NZ536959A/en
Priority to BR0311591-7A priority patent/BR0311591A/en
Priority to AU2003239954A priority patent/AU2003239954A1/en
Priority to JP2004509681A priority patent/JP2005532349A/en
Application filed by Wyeth filed Critical Wyeth
Priority to KR10-2004-7019738A priority patent/KR20050013565A/en
Priority to MXPA04011331A priority patent/MXPA04011331A/en
Priority to DE60312155T priority patent/DE60312155T2/en
Priority to IL16548703A priority patent/IL165487A0/en
Priority to EP03734366A priority patent/EP1509522B1/en
Publication of WO2003101990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003101990A1/en
Priority to NO20044763A priority patent/NO20044763L/en
Priority to HK05104285A priority patent/HK1071371A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
    • C07D519/04Dimeric indole alkaloids, e.g. vincaleucoblastine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4738Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4745Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems condensed with ring systems having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. phenantrolines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/22Anxiolytics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D513/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
    • C07D513/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D513/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

  • This invention relates to 1-(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindoles useful as 5- hydroxytryptamine-6 ligands, to processes for preparing them, to methods of treatment using them and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
  • Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)(5-HT) receptors play a critical role in many physiological and behavioral functions in humans and animals. These functions are mediated through various 5-HT receptors distributed throughout the body. There are now approximately fifteen different human 5-HT receptor subtypes that have been cloned, many with well-defined roles in humans.
  • One of the most recently identified 5-HT receptor subtypes is the 5-HT6 receptor, first cloned from rat tissue in 1993 (Monsma, F. J.; Shen, Y.; Ward, R. P.; Hamblin, M. W. Molecular Pharmacology 1993, 43, 320-327) and subsequently from human tissue (Kohen, R.; Metcalf, M.
  • the receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) positively coupled to adenylate cyclase (Ruat, M.; Traiffort, E.; Arrang, J-M.; Tardivel-Lacombe, L.; Diaz, L; Leurs, R.; Schwartz, J-C. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 1993, 193, 268-276).
  • GPCR G-protein coupled receptor
  • the receptor is found almost exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) areas both in rat and in human.
  • 5-HT6 ligands There are many potential therapeutic uses for 5-HT6 ligands in humans based on direct effects and on indications from available scientific studies. These studies include the localization of the receptor, the affinity of ligands with known in vivo activity, and various animal studies conducted so far.
  • modulators of 5-HT6 receptor function is in the enhancement of cognition and memory in human diseases such as Alzheimer's
  • human diseases such as Alzheimer's
  • the high levels of receptor found in important structures in the forebrain, including the caudate/putamen, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and cortex suggest a role for the receptor in memory and cognition since these areas are known to play a vital role in memory (Gerard, C; Martres, M.-P.; Lefevre, K.; Miquel, M.C.; Verge, D.; Lanfumey, R.; Doucet, E.; Hamon, M.; El Mestikawy, S. Brain Research, 1997, 746, 207-219).
  • a related potential therapeutic use for 5-HT6 ligands is the treatment of attention deficit disorders (ADD, also known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD) in both children and adults.
  • ADD attention deficit disorders
  • 5-HT6 antagonists appear to enhance the activity of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway and because ADHD has been linked to abnormalities in the caudate (Ernst, M; Zametkin, A. J.; Matochik, J. H.; Jons, P. A.; Cohen, R. M. Journal of Neuroscience 1998, 18(15), 5901-5907), 5-HT6 antagonists may attenuate attention deficit disorders.
  • 5-HT6 modulators may be useful in the treatment of movement disorders including epilepsy (Stean, T.; Routledge, O; Upton, N. British Journal of Pharmacology 1999, 127 Proc.
  • 5-HT6 receptor ligands may be useful for therapeutic indications including: the treatment of diseases associated with a deficit in memory, cognition, and learning such as Alzheimer's and attention deficit disorder; the treatment of personality disorders such as schizophrenia; the treatment of behavioral disorders, e.g., anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorders; the treatment of motion or motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy; the treatment of diseases associated with neurodegeneration such as stroke and head trauma; or withdrawal from drug addiction including addiction to nicotine, alcohol, and other substances of abuse.
  • the present invention provides a 1-(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindole derivative of formula I
  • W is N or CR 7 ;
  • X is N or CR 8 ;
  • Y is N or CR 9 ;
  • Z is N or CR 10 with the proviso that at least one and no more than two of W,
  • X, Y and Z must be N; n is an integer of 2, 3, 4 or 5;
  • Ri is an optionally substituted CrC 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group or an optionally substituted 8- to 13-membered bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having a N atom at the bridgehead and optionally containing 1 , 2 or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S;
  • R 2 is H, halogen, or a C C 6 alkyl, CrC 6 alkoxy, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted;
  • R and R 4 are each independently H or an optionally substituted CrCealkyl group;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently H or a C ⁇ -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -
  • the present invention also provides methods and compositions useful for the therapeutic treatment of central nervous system disorders related to or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor.
  • the 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 (5-HT6) receptor is one of the most recent receptors to be identified by molecular cloning. Its ability to bind a wide range of therapeutic compounds used in psychiatry, coupled with its interesting distribution in the brain has stimulated significant interest in new compounds which are capable of interacting with or affecting said receptor. Significant efforts are being made to understand the possible role of the 5-HT6 receptor in psychiatry, cognitive dysfunction, motor function and control, memory, mood and the like. To that end, compounds which demonstrate a binding affinity for the 5-HT6 receptor are earnestly sought both as an aid in the study of the 5-HT6 receptor and as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of central nervous system disorders, for example see C. Reavill and D. C. Rogers, Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs, 2001 , 2(1 ):104-109, Pharma Press Ltd.
  • 1-(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindole derivatives of formula I demonstrate 5-HT6 affinity.
  • said azaindole derivatives may be used as effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders associated with or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor.
  • CNS central nervous system
  • the present invention provides 1 -(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindole derivatives of formula I
  • W is N or CR 7 ;
  • X is N or CR 8 ;
  • Y is N or CR 9 ;
  • Z is N or CR 10 with the proviso that at least one and no more than two of W,
  • X, Y and Z must be N; n is an integer of 2, 3, 4 or 5;
  • Ri is an optionally substituted C C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group or an optionally substituted 8- to 13-membered bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having a N atom at the bridgehead and optionally containing 1 , 2 or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S;
  • R 2 is H, halogen, or a CrC 6 alkyl, C C 6 alkoxy, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted;
  • R 3 and R are each independently H or an optionally substituted CrC 6 alkyl group;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently H or a CrC 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -
  • R 5 and R 6 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered ring optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from O, NRn or SO m ;
  • R7, R 8 , Rg and R 10 are independently H, halogen, CN, OCO 2 R ⁇ 2 , CO 2 R ⁇ 3) CONR 14 R 15 , SOpR 16 , NR 17 R 18) OR 19 , COR 20 , or a d-C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; 111 R12, R13, 16, R19 and R 20 are each
  • halogen designates F, Cl, Br or I
  • cycloheteroalkyl designates a 5-7 membered ring system containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms, which may be the same or different, selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and optionally containing one double bond.
  • exemplary of the cycloheteroalkyl ring systems included in the term as designated herein are the following rings wherein X ⁇ is NR, O or S; and R is H or an optional substituent as described hereinbelow:
  • heteroaryl designates a five to ten membered aromatic ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms, which may be the same or different, selected from N, O or S.
  • heteroaryl ring systems include pyrrolyl, azolyl, oxazolyi, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, furyl, thienyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolinyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, benzisoxazolyl or the like.
  • aryl designates a carbocyclic aromatic ring system, e.g., having 6-14 carbon atoms such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or the like.
  • haloalkyl designates a C n H 2 n + ⁇ group having from one to 2n+1 halogen atoms which may be the same or different and the term haloalkoxy as used herein designates an OC n H 2n+ ⁇ group having from one to 2n+1 halogen atoms which may be the same or different.
  • Exemplary of the 8- to 13-membered bicyclic or tricyclic ring systems having a N atom at the bridgehead and optionally containing 1 , 2 or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S included in the term as designated herein are the following ring systems wherein W 2 is NR, O or S; and R is H or an optional substituent as described hereinbelow:
  • the substituent groups which are optionally present may be one or more, e.g., 2 or 3, of those customarily employed in the development of pharmaceutical compounds or the modification of such compounds to influence their structure/activity, persistence, absorption, stability or other beneficial property.
  • substituents include halogen atoms, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, formyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, alkanoyl, alkylthio, alkylsuphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, carbamoyl, alkylamido, phenyl, phenoxy, benzyl, benzyloxy, heterocyciyl (such as heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl) or cycloalkyl groups, preferably halogen atoms or lower alkyl groups.
  • substituents may be present.
  • alkyl substituent as a group or part of a group, this may be linear or branched and may contain up to 12, preferably up to 6, more preferably up to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be any acid addition salt formed by a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, citric, maleic. malonic, mandelic, succinic, fumaric, acetic, lactic, nitric, sulfonic, p-toluene sulfonic, methane sulfonic acid or the like.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, citric, maleic. malonic, mandelic, succinic, fumaric, acetic, lactic, nitric, sulfonic, p-toluene sulfonic, methane sulfonic acid or the like.
  • Compounds of the invention include esters, carbamates or other conventional prodrug forms, which in general, are functional derivatives of the compounds of the invention and which are readily converted to the inventive active moiety in vivo.
  • the method of the invention embraces the treatment of the various conditions described hereinabove with a compound of formula I or with a compound which is not specifically disclosed but which, upon administration, converts to a compound of formula I in vivo.
  • metabolites of the compounds of the present invention defined as active species produced upon introduction of these compounds into a biological system.
  • Compounds of the invention may exist as one or more stereoisomers.
  • the various stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric isomers.
  • the present invention comprises compounds of Formula
  • the compounds of the invention may be present as a mixture of stereoisomers, individual stereoisomers, or as an optically active or enantiomerically pure form.
  • Preferred compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula I wherein W or Z is N. Also preferred are those compounds of formula I wherein n is
  • Another group of preferred compounds of formula I are those compounds wherein Ri is an optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl or imidazothiazolyl group.
  • More preferred compounds of the invention are those formula I compounds wherein W is CR ; X is CR 8 ; Y is CR 9 ; and Z is N. Another group of more preferred compounds are those formula I compounds wherein W is N; X is CR 8 ; Y isCR 9 ; and Z is CR 10 . More preferred compounds of formula I also include those compounds wherein n is 2 and R 3 and R 4 are H. Further, more preferred compounds are those formula I compounds wherein W or Z is N; n is 2; R ⁇ is an optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl or imidazothiazolyl group; R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are H; and R 5 and R 6 are each independently H or C ⁇ -C 3 alkyl.
  • Examples of preferred compounds of the invention include: 2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
  • This invention also provides processes for preparing a compound of formula I as defined herein or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which processes comprise one of the following: a) reacting a compound of formula II
  • Bases suitable for use in the process of the invention include strong bases such as NaH, KOt-Bu, NaOH or any conventional base capable of removing a proton from a basic azaindole nitrogen atom.
  • Solvents suitable for use in the process of the invention include polar solvents such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, or the like. If two immiscible solvents are used, a phase transfer catalyst may be present.
  • the compound of formula II may be reacted with a base as described hereinabove in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, such as tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate, to give the desired compound of formula I wherein R 5 and R 6 are H.
  • compounds of formula I wherein R 5 and R 6 are H (la) may be prepared by reacting the formula II compound with a di-haloalkyl compound of formula IV to give the 1-(haloalkyl)azaindole of formula V; reacting the formula V azaindole with potassium phthalimide to give the intermediate of formula VI and reacting said intermediate with hydrazine to give the desired formula la compound.
  • the reaction sequence is shown in flow diagram II wherein Hal represents Cl, Br or I.
  • Compounds of formula V may also be reacted directly with an amine, HNR 5 R 6 , to give compounds of formula I.
  • Compounds of formula II may be prepared using conventional synthetic methods and, if required, standard separation and isolation techniques. For example, a nitropyridine compound of formula VII may be reacted with a chloromethylsulfonyl compound of formula VIII in the presence of a strong base to give the intermediate of formula IX; said formula IX intermediate may then be treated with a reducing agent such as Fe, Zn or Sn in the presence of an acid to give the amine of formula X; said amine may then be acylated with the appropriate orthoester of formula XI to give the formula XI i compound; and said compound may be cyclized in the presence of a base to give the desired formula II 3- sulfonyl azaindole.
  • the general synthetic method is described by W. Wojciechowski and M. Makosza, Synthesis 1986. 651-653. The reaction sequence is shown
  • Compounds of formula II may also be prepared directly from an azaindole compound, i.e. an azaindole of formula XIII may be reacted with iodine, optionally in the presence of Kl, to give the corresponding 3-iodoazaindole of formula XIV and said 3-iodoazaindole may be coupled with an appropriate thiol of formula XV to give the 3-thioazaindole of formula XVI.
  • Said formula XVI compound may then be oxidized using conventional oxidizing reagents such as H 2 O 2 , m-chloroperbenzoic acid or the like to afford the formula II intermediate. The reaction is shown in flow diagram IV.
  • the formula XVI 3-thioazaindole intermediate may be prepared in a single step from the azaindole of formula XIII by reacting said formula XIII compound with the formula XV thiol in the presence of iodine, preferably in a polar solvent such as aqueous alcohol.
  • iodine preferably in a polar solvent such as aqueous alcohol.
  • the thus-obtained formula II compounds may then be carried on to the desired compounds of formula I by alkylation of the basic azaindole nitrogen as shown in flow diagrams I and II hereinabove.
  • Compounds of formula XIII may also be converted to the desired compounds of formula I wherein R 5 and R 6 are other than H (la) by reacting the formula XIII azaindole with an amine of formula Ilia wherein R 5 and R 6 are other than H to give the N-alkylated compound of formula XVII; reacting the formula XVII compound with a sulfonyl chloride of formula XVIII, optionally in the presence of a reagent such as Ag(OSO 2 CF 3 ) or Bi(OSO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , to give the desired compound of formula la.
  • a reagent such as Ag(OSO 2 CF 3 ) or Bi(OSO 2 CF 3 ) 3
  • compounds of formula I wherein R 5 and R 6 are H may be prepared directly from the formula XIII intermediate by reacting said formula XIII intermediate with a nitrile of formula XIX to give the corresponding alkylated compound of formula XX; sulfonylating said formula XX compound to give the compound of formula XXI; and reducing the formula XXI compound using conventional reducing reagents such as borane in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to give the desired compounds of formula lb.
  • the reactions are shown in flow diagram V wherein Hal represents Cl, Br or I.
  • the formula I compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of CNS disorders relating or or affected by 5-HT6 receptor including motor, mood, personality, behavioral, psychiatric, cognitive, neurodegenerative, or the like disorders, for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention deficit disorder, anxiety, epilepsy, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, sleep disorders, neurodegenerative disorders (such as head trauma or stroke), feeding disorders (such as anorexia or bulimia), schizophrenia, memory loss, disorders associated with withdrawal from drug or nicotine abuse, or the like or certain gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome.
  • the present invention provides a method for the treatment of a disorder of the central nervous system related to or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor in a patient in need thereof which comprises providing said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I as described hereinabove.
  • the compounds may be provided by oral or parenteral administration or in any common manner known to be an effective administration of a therapeutic agent to a patient in need thereof.
  • providing designates either directly administering such a compound or substance, or administering a prodrug, derivative or analog which forms an equivalent amount of the compound or substance within the body.
  • CNS disorder may vary according to the specific condition(s) being treated, the size, age and response pattern of the patient, the severity of the disorder, the judgment of the attending physician and the like.
  • effective amounts for daily oral administration may be about 0.01 to 1 ,000 mg/kg, preferably about 0.5 to 500 mg/kg and effective amounts for parenteral administration may be about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg, preferably about 0.5 to 50 mg/kg.
  • the compounds of the invention are provided by administering the compound or a precursor thereof in a solid or liquid form, either neat or in combination with one or more conventional pharmaceutical carriers or excipients.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an effective amount of a compound of formula I as described hereinabove.
  • Solid carriers suitable for use in the composition of the invention include one or more substances which may also act as flavoring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, fillers, glidants, compression aides, binders, tablet-disintegrating agents or encapsulating materials.
  • the carrier may be a finely divided solid which is in admixture with a finely divided compound of formula I.
  • the formula I compound may be mixed with a carrier having the necessary compression properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
  • Said powders and tablets may contain up to 99% by weight of the formula I compound.
  • Solid carriers suitable for use in the composition of the invention include calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidine, low melting waxes and ion exchange resins.
  • any pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier suitable for preparing solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs may be employed in the composition of the invention.
  • Compounds of formula I may be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier such as water, an organic solvent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable oil or fat, or a mixture thereof.
  • Said liquid composition may contain other suitable pharmaceutical additives such as solubilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, sweeteners, flavoring agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, coloring agents, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, osmo-regulators, or the like.
  • liquid carriers suitable for oral and parenteral administration include water (particularly containing additives as above, e.g., cellulose derivatives, preferably sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution), alcohols (including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, e.g., glycols) or their derivatives, or oils (e.g., fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil).
  • the carrier may also be an oily ester such as ethyl oleate or isopropyl myristate.
  • compositions of the invention which are sterile solutions or suspensions are suitable for intramuscular, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Sterile solutions may also be administered intravenously.
  • Inventive compositions suitable for oral administration may be in either liquid or solid composition form.
  • HNMR designates proton nuclear magnetic resonance.
  • CH 2 CI 2 and DMF designate methylene chloride and dimethyl formamide, respectively. All chromatography is performed using SiO 2 as support.
  • This gum is chromatographed (1 :4 ethyl acetate:hexanes) and then crystallized from ethyl acetate:hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid, 3.84 g, mp 117-119°C, characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
  • Tricaprylmethylammonium chloride manufactured by Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI EXAMPLE 4
  • reaction mixture is treated with 2-(dimethylamino)- ethyl chloride hydrochloride (6.40 g, 44.4 mmol), stirred for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the resultant residue is partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase is separated, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as an oil, 6.50 g (81 % yield), identified by HNMR and mass spectral analyses.
  • This solid (0.55 g) is admixed with triethylorthoformate (1.84 mL, 11.1 mmol), para-toluenesulfonic acid (pTsOH) monohydrate (42 mg, 0.22 mmol) and 1 ,2-dichloroethane, heated at reflux for 7 h and concentrated in vacuo.
  • the resultant residue is dispersed in tetrahydrofuran, treated with 1.0 M KO-t-Bu in tetrahydrofuran (3.1 mL, 3.1 mmol), stirred for 2 h, treated with saturated aqueous NH 4 CI and water and extracted with CH 2 CI 2 .
  • the affinity of test compounds for the serotonin 5-HT6 receptor is evaluated in the following manner. Cultured Hela cells expressing human cloned 5-HT6 receptors are harvested and centrifuged at low speed (1 ,000 x g) for 10.0 min to remove the culture media. The harvested cells are suspended in half volume of fresh physiological phosphate buffered saline solution and recentrifuged at the same speed. This operation is repeated. The collected cells are then homogenized in ten volumes of 50 mM Tris.HCI (pH 7.4) and 0.5 mM EDTA. The homogenate is centrifuged at 40,000 x g for 30.0 min and the precipitate is collected.
  • the obtained pellet is resuspended in 10 volumes of Tris.HCI buffer and recentrifuged at the same speed.
  • the final pellet is suspended in a small volume of Tris.HCI buffer and the tissue protein content is determined in aliquots of 10-25 ⁇ volumes.
  • Bovine Serum Albumin is used as the standard in the protein determination according to the method described in Lowry et al., J. Biol. Chem.. 193:265 (1951).
  • the volume of the suspended cell membranes is adjusted to give a tissue protein concentration of 1.0 mg/ml of suspension.
  • the prepared membrane suspension (10 times concentrated) is aliquoted in 1.0 ml volumes and stored at -70° C until used in subsequent binding experiments.
  • Binding experiments are performed in a 96 well microtiter plate format, in a total volume of 200 ⁇ l. To each well is added the following mixture: 80.0 ⁇ l of incubation buffer made in 50 mM Tris.HCI buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10.0 mM MgCI 2 and 0.5 mM EDTA and 20 ⁇ l of [ 3 Hj-LSD (S.A., 86.0 Ci/mmol, available from
  • K D of the [ 3 H]LSD at the human serotonin 5-HT6 receptor is 2.9 nM, as determined by saturation binding with increasing concentrations of [ 3 HjLSD.
  • the reaction is initiated by the final addition of 100.0 ⁇ l of tissue suspension. Nonspecific binding is measured in the presence of 10.0 ⁇ M methiothepin.
  • the test compounds are added in 20.0 ⁇ l volume. The reaction is allowed to proceed in the dark for 120 min at room temperature, at which time, the bound ligand-receptor complex is filtered off on a 96 well unifilter with a Packard Filtermate ® 196 Harvester.
  • the bound complex caught on the filter disk is allowed to air dry and the radioactivity is measured in a Packard TopCount ® equipped with six photomultiplier detectors, after the addition of 40.0 ⁇ l Microscint ® -20 scintillant to each shallow well.
  • the unifilter plate is heat-sealed and counted in a PackardTopCount ® with a tritium efficiency of 31.0%.
  • Specific binding to the 5-HT6 receptor is defined as the total radioactivity bound less the amount bound in the presence of 10.O ⁇ M unlabeled methiothepin. Binding in the presence of varying concentrations of test compound is expressed as a percentage of specific binding in the absence of test compound. The results are plotted as log % bound versus log concentration of test compound. Nonlinear regression analysis of data points with a computer assisted program Prism ® yielded both the IC 50 and the Kj values of test compounds with 95% confidence limits.
  • a linear regression line of data points is plotted, from which the IC 50 value is determined and the Kj value is determined based upon the following equation: where L is the concentration of the radioactive ligand used and K D is the dissociation constant of the ligand for the receptor, both expressed in nM.
  • Ki values are determined and compared to those values obtained by representative compounds known to demonstrate binding to the 5-HT6 receptor.
  • the data are shown in Table VI, below.
  • the compounds of the present invention demonstrate significant affinity for the 5-HT6 receptor.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) and the use thereof for the therapeutic treatment of disorders relating to or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor.

Description

1 -(AMINO ALKYU-3-SULFONYLAZAINDOLES AS 5-HYPROXYTRYPTAMINE-β LIGANDS
This invention relates to 1-(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindoles useful as 5- hydroxytryptamine-6 ligands, to processes for preparing them, to methods of treatment using them and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)(5-HT) receptors play a critical role in many physiological and behavioral functions in humans and animals. These functions are mediated through various 5-HT receptors distributed throughout the body. There are now approximately fifteen different human 5-HT receptor subtypes that have been cloned, many with well-defined roles in humans. One of the most recently identified 5-HT receptor subtypes is the 5-HT6 receptor, first cloned from rat tissue in 1993 (Monsma, F. J.; Shen, Y.; Ward, R. P.; Hamblin, M. W. Molecular Pharmacology 1993, 43, 320-327) and subsequently from human tissue (Kohen, R.; Metcalf, M. A.; Khan, N.; Druck, T.; Huebner, K.; Sibley, D. R. Journal of Neurochemistry'1996, 66, 47-56). The receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) positively coupled to adenylate cyclase (Ruat, M.; Traiffort, E.; Arrang, J-M.; Tardivel-Lacombe, L.; Diaz, L; Leurs, R.; Schwartz, J-C. Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications 1993, 193, 268-276). The receptor is found almost exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) areas both in rat and in human. In situ hybridization studies of the 5-HT6 receptor in rat brain using mRNA indicate principal localization in the areas of 5-HT projection including striatum, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and hippocampal formation (Ward, R. P.; Hamblin, M. W.; Lachowicz, J. E.; Hoffman, B. J.; Sibley, D. R.; Dorsa, D. M. Neuroscience 1995, 64, 1105-1111).
There are many potential therapeutic uses for 5-HT6 ligands in humans based on direct effects and on indications from available scientific studies. These studies include the localization of the receptor, the affinity of ligands with known in vivo activity, and various animal studies conducted so far.
One potential therapeutic use of modulators of 5-HT6 receptor function is in the enhancement of cognition and memory in human diseases such as Alzheimer'sThe high levels of receptor found in important structures in the forebrain, including the caudate/putamen, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and cortex suggest a role for the receptor in memory and cognition since these areas are known to play a vital role in memory (Gerard, C; Martres, M.-P.; Lefevre, K.; Miquel, M.C.; Verge, D.; Lanfumey, R.; Doucet, E.; Hamon, M.; El Mestikawy, S. Brain Research, 1997, 746, 207-219). The ability of known 5-HT6 receptor ligands to enhance cholinergic transmission also supports the potential cognition use (Bentley, J. C; Boursson, A.; Boess, F. G.; Kone, F. C; Marsden, C. A.; Petit, N.; Sleight, A. J. British Journal of Pharmacology, 1999, 126(7), 1537-1542). Studies have found that a known 5-HT6 selective antagonist significantly increased glutamate and aspartate levels in the frontal cortex without elevating levels of noradrenaline, dopamine, or 5- HT. This selective elevation of neurochemicals known to be involved in memory and cognition strongly suggests a role for 5-HT6 ligands in cognition (Dawson, L. A.; Nguyen, H. Q.; Li, P. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2000, 130(1), 23-26). Animal studies of memory and learning with a known selective 5-HT6 antagonist found some positive effects (Rogers, D. C; Hatcher, P. D.; Hagan, J. J. Society of Neuroscience, Abstracts 2000, 26, 680).
A related potential therapeutic use for 5-HT6 ligands is the treatment of attention deficit disorders (ADD, also known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD) in both children and adults. Because 5-HT6 antagonists appear to enhance the activity of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway and because ADHD has been linked to abnormalities in the caudate (Ernst, M; Zametkin, A. J.; Matochik, J. H.; Jons, P. A.; Cohen, R. M. Journal of Neuroscience 1998, 18(15), 5901-5907), 5-HT6 antagonists may attenuate attention deficit disorders.
Early studies examining the affinity of various CNS ligands with known therapeutic utility or a strong structural resemblance to known drugs suggests a role for 5-HT6 ligands in the treatment of schizophrenia and depression. For example, clozapine (an effective clinical antipsychotic) has high affinity for the 5-HT6 receptor subtype. Also, several clinical antidepressants have high affinity for the receptor as well and act as antagonists at this site (Branchek, T. A.; Blackburn, T. P. Annual
Reviews in Pharmacology and Toxicology 2000, 40, 319-334).
Further, recent in vivo studies in rats indicate 5-HT6 modulators may be useful in the treatment of movement disorders including epilepsy (Stean, T.; Routledge, O; Upton, N. British Journal of Pharmacology 1999, 127 Proc.
Supplement 131 P and Routledge, C; Bromidge, S. M.; Moss, S. F.; Price, G. W.;
Hirst, W.; Newman, H.; Riley, G.; Gager, T.; Stean, T.; Upton, N.; Clarke, S. E.;
Brown, A. M. British Journal of Pharmacology 2000, 130(7), 1606-1612).
Taken together, the above studies strongly suggest that compounds which are 5-HT6 receptor ligands may be useful for therapeutic indications including: the treatment of diseases associated with a deficit in memory, cognition, and learning such as Alzheimer's and attention deficit disorder; the treatment of personality disorders such as schizophrenia; the treatment of behavioral disorders, e.g., anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorders; the treatment of motion or motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy; the treatment of diseases associated with neurodegeneration such as stroke and head trauma; or withdrawal from drug addiction including addiction to nicotine, alcohol, and other substances of abuse.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide compounds which are useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment of a variety of central nervous system disorders related to or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor.
It is another object of this invention to provide therapeutic methods and pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment of central nervous system disorders related to or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor. It is a feature of this invention that the compounds provided may also be used to further study and elucidate the 5-HT6 receptor.
These and other objects and features of the invention will become more apparent by the detailed description set forth hereinbelow.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a 1-(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindole derivative of formula I
Figure imgf000005_0001
(D wherein
W is N or CR7; X is N or CR8; Y is N or CR9;
Z is N or CR10 with the proviso that at least one and no more than two of W,
X, Y and Z must be N; n is an integer of 2, 3, 4 or 5;
Ri is an optionally substituted CrC6alkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group or an optionally substituted 8- to 13-membered bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having a N atom at the bridgehead and optionally containing 1 , 2 or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S; R2 is H, halogen, or a C C6alkyl, CrC6alkoxy, C3-C7cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; R and R4 are each independently H or an optionally substituted CrCealkyl group; R5 and R6 are each independently H or a Cι-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-
C6alkynyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted , or R5 and R6 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted
5- to 8-membered ring optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from O, NRn or SOm; F-7, Rs. g and R10 are independently H, halogen, CN, OCO2R.2, CO2R13, CONR14R15, SOpR16, NR17R18> OR19> COR20, or a Cι-C6alkyl, C2- C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C -C cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; Rιι, R12, R13, Rie, R19 and R20 are each independently H or a CrC6alkyl, C2- C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; R and R15 are each independently H or an optionally substituted Cι-C6alkyl group or Rι and Rt5 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 5- to 7-membered ring optionally containing another heteroatom selected from O, NR22or S; R17 and R18 are each independently H or an optionally substituted d-C alkyl group or Rι7 and R18 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 5- to 7-membered ring optionally containing another heteroatom selected from O, NR2ι or SOx; R21 and R22 are each independently H or a CrC6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl. C3- C7cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; and m, p and x are each independently 0 or an integer of 1 or 2; or a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The present invention also provides methods and compositions useful for the therapeutic treatment of central nervous system disorders related to or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 (5-HT6) receptor is one of the most recent receptors to be identified by molecular cloning. Its ability to bind a wide range of therapeutic compounds used in psychiatry, coupled with its intriguing distribution in the brain has stimulated significant interest in new compounds which are capable of interacting with or affecting said receptor. Significant efforts are being made to understand the possible role of the 5-HT6 receptor in psychiatry, cognitive dysfunction, motor function and control, memory, mood and the like. To that end, compounds which demonstrate a binding affinity for the 5-HT6 receptor are earnestly sought both as an aid in the study of the 5-HT6 receptor and as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of central nervous system disorders, for example see C. Reavill and D. C. Rogers, Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs, 2001 , 2(1 ):104-109, Pharma Press Ltd.
Surprisingly, it has now been found that 1-(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindole derivatives of formula I demonstrate 5-HT6 affinity. Advantageously, said azaindole derivatives may be used as effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders associated with or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor. Accordingly, the present invention provides 1 -(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindole derivatives of formula I
Figure imgf000007_0001
(I) wherein
W is N or CR7; X is N or CR8; Y is N or CR9; Z is N or CR10 with the proviso that at least one and no more than two of W,
X, Y and Z must be N; n is an integer of 2, 3, 4 or 5;
Ri is an optionally substituted C C6alkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group or an optionally substituted 8- to 13-membered bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having a N atom at the bridgehead and optionally containing 1 , 2 or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S; R2 is H, halogen, or a CrC6alkyl, C C6alkoxy, C3-C7cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; R3 and R are each independently H or an optionally substituted CrC6alkyl group; R5 and R6 are each independently H or a CrC6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-
C6alkynyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted , or R5 and R6 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered ring optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from O, NRn or SOm; R7, R8, Rg and R10 are independently H, halogen, CN, OCO22, CO23) CONR14R15, SOpR16, NR17R18) OR19, COR20, or a d-Cβalkyl, C2- C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; 111 R12, R13, 16, R19 and R20 are each independently H or a C C6alkyl, C2- C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; R14 and R15 are each independently H or an optionally substituted CrC6alkyl group or R14 and R 5 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 5- to 7-membered ring optionally containing another heteroatom selected from O, NR22or S; R17 and R18 are each independently H or an optionally substituted CrC4alkyl group or R17 and R18 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 5- to 7-membered ring optionally containing another heteroatom selected from O, NR21 or SOx; R2 and R22 are each independently H or a CrC6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C3-
C7cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; and m, p and x are each independently 0 or an integer of 1 or 2; or a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
As used in the specification and claims, the term halogen designates F, Cl, Br or I and the term cycloheteroalkyl designates a 5-7 membered ring system containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms, which may be the same or different, selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and optionally containing one double bond. Exemplary of the cycloheteroalkyl ring systems included in the term as designated herein are the following rings wherein X^ is NR, O or S; and R is H or an optional substituent as described hereinbelow:
Figure imgf000008_0001
Similarly, as used in the specification and claims, the term heteroaryl designates a five to ten membered aromatic ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms, which may be the same or different, selected from N, O or S. Such heteroaryl ring systems include pyrrolyl, azolyl, oxazolyi, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, furyl, thienyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolinyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, benzisoxazolyl or the like. The term aryl designates a carbocyclic aromatic ring system, e.g., having 6-14 carbon atoms such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or the like. The term haloalkyl as used herein designates a CnH2n+ι group having from one to 2n+1 halogen atoms which may be the same or different and the term haloalkoxy as used herein designates an OCnH2n+ι group having from one to 2n+1 halogen atoms which may be the same or different.
Exemplary of the 8- to 13-membered bicyclic or tricyclic ring systems having a N atom at the bridgehead and optionally containing 1 , 2 or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S included in the term as designated herein are the following ring systems wherein W2 is NR, O or S; and R is H or an optional substituent as described hereinbelow:
Figure imgf000009_0001
In the specification and claims, when terms such as CrC6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl are designated as being optionally substituted, the substituent groups which are optionally present may be one or more, e.g., 2 or 3, of those customarily employed in the development of pharmaceutical compounds or the modification of such compounds to influence their structure/activity, persistence, absorption, stability or other beneficial property. Specific examples of such substituents include halogen atoms, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, formyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, alkanoyl, alkylthio, alkylsuphinyl, alkylsulphonyl, carbamoyl, alkylamido, phenyl, phenoxy, benzyl, benzyloxy, heterocyciyl (such as heteroaryl or cycloheteroalkyl) or cycloalkyl groups, preferably halogen atoms or lower alkyl groups. Typically, 0-3 substituents may be present. When any of the foregoing substituents represents or contains an alkyl substituent as a group or part of a group, this may be linear or branched and may contain up to 12, preferably up to 6, more preferably up to 4 carbon atoms.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be any acid addition salt formed by a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, citric, maleic. malonic, mandelic, succinic, fumaric, acetic, lactic, nitric, sulfonic, p-toluene sulfonic, methane sulfonic acid or the like.
Compounds of the invention include esters, carbamates or other conventional prodrug forms, which in general, are functional derivatives of the compounds of the invention and which are readily converted to the inventive active moiety in vivo. Correspondingly, the method of the invention embraces the treatment of the various conditions described hereinabove with a compound of formula I or with a compound which is not specifically disclosed but which, upon administration, converts to a compound of formula I in vivo. Also included are metabolites of the compounds of the present invention defined as active species produced upon introduction of these compounds into a biological system. Compounds of the invention may exist as one or more stereoisomers. The various stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric isomers. One skilled in the art will appreciate that one stereoisomer may be more active or may exhibit beneficial effects when enriched relative to the other stereoisomer(s) or when separated from the other stereoisomer(s). Additionally, the skilled artisan knows how to separate, enrich or selectively prepare said stereoisomers. Accordingly, the present invention comprises compounds of Formula
1, the stereoisomers thereof and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds of the invention may be present as a mixture of stereoisomers, individual stereoisomers, or as an optically active or enantiomerically pure form.
Preferred compounds of the invention are those compounds of formula I wherein W or Z is N. Also preferred are those compounds of formula I wherein n is
2. Another group of preferred compounds of formula I are those compounds wherein Ri is an optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl or imidazothiazolyl group.
More preferred compounds of the invention are those formula I compounds wherein W is CR ; X is CR8; Y is CR9; and Z is N. Another group of more preferred compounds are those formula I compounds wherein W is N; X is CR8; Y isCR9; and Z is CR10. More preferred compounds of formula I also include those compounds wherein n is 2 and R3 and R4 are H. Further, more preferred compounds are those formula I compounds wherein W or Z is N; n is 2; Rή is an optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl or imidazothiazolyl group; R2, R3 and R4 are H; and R5 and R6 are each independently H or Cι-C3alkyl.
Examples of preferred compounds of the invention include: 2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-cjpyridin-1-yljethylamine;
2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
2-{3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1-yl}ethylamine;
2-{3-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1 -yljethylamine; 2-[3-(naphth-1 -yl)sulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
2-{3-[(6-chloro-imidazo[2,1 -b][1 ,3]thiazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 - yljethylamine;
2-{3-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-yl}ethylamine;
2-{3-[(2-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1-yl}ethylamine; 2-{3-[(3-methoxyphenyl)sulfonylj-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-cjpyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
2-{3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonylj-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-bjpyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1- yl}ethyl)amine; N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(naphth-1 -ylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-{3-[(6-chloroimidazo[1 ,2-bj[1 ,3]thiazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]-1 H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-yl}ethyl)amine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridine-1- yl}ethyl)amine;
3-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yl]propan-1 -amine;
3-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1 -yl]propan-1 -amine;
3-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-cjpyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine;
3-{3-[(4-f luorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine; 2-{6-chloro-3-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonylj-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
2-{7-chloro-3-[(2-chlorophenyl)sulfonylj-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
4-{3-[(3-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1 -yljbutan-1 -amine;
4-{3-[(4-f luorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1 -yljbutan-1 -amine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine; N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(thien-2-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1-yl]ethyljamine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(naphth-1 -yl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-{3-t(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1- yljethyl)amine; N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonylj-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethyl)amine;
N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1-yljethyl)amine;
N-methyl-N-{2-[3-(naphth-1 -ylsulf onyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethyljarnine;
N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(6-chloroimidazo[1 ,2-b][1 ,3jthiazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine; N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(2-chlorophenyl)sulfonylj-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-cjpyridin-1 -yljethyl)amine;
N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1- yljethyl)amine;
N-benzyl-N-(2-{3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1-yljethyl)amine;
N,N-dibenzyl-3-[3-(phenylsulf onyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine; 3-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-cjpyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine;
3-t3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine; the stereoisomers thereof or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. This invention also provides processes for preparing a compound of formula I as defined herein or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which processes comprise one of the following: a) reacting a compound of formula II
Figure imgf000013_0001
(JD
wherein W, X, Y, Z, Ri and R2are as described hereinabove with a haloalkylamine of formula III
Figure imgf000013_0002
(III)
wherein Hal represents Cl, Br or I and R3, R4, R5, R6 and n are as described hereinabove in the presence of a base to give a compound of formula I; or b) reacting a compound of formula (V)
Figure imgf000013_0003
(N) wherein W, X, Y, Z, R^ R3, R4 and n are as defined herein and Hal is a halogen, with a compound of formula
HNR5R6 wherein R5 and R6 are as defined herein to give a compound of formula I; or
c) sulphonylating a compound of formula XVI:
Figure imgf000014_0001
wherein W, X, Y, Z, R3, R , R5, R6 and n are as defined herein, with a compound of formula:
Figure imgf000014_0002
wherein Ri is as defined herein to give a compound of formula I; or d) reducing a compound of formula XX:
Figure imgf000014_0003
(XX) wherein W, X, Y, Z, R1( R3, R4 and n are as defined herein, to give a corresponding compound of formula I wherein R5 and R6 are both hydrogen; or e) reacting a compound of formula
Figure imgf000014_0004
wherein W, X, Y, Z, R^ R2, R3, R4, n and m are as defined herein,with hydrazine to give a corresponding compound of formula I wherein R5 and R6 are both hydrogen; or f) converting a basic compound of formula I to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or vice versa.
The compounds of the invention are conveniently prepared by processes illustrated in the following flow diagrams wherein Hal represents Cl, Br or I.
Flow Diagram I
Figure imgf000015_0001
Bases suitable for use in the process of the invention include strong bases such as NaH, KOt-Bu, NaOH or any conventional base capable of removing a proton from a basic azaindole nitrogen atom.
Solvents suitable for use in the process of the invention include polar solvents such as dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, or the like. If two immiscible solvents are used, a phase transfer catalyst may be present. Preferably, for the preparation of those compounds of formula I wherein R5 and R6 are H, the compound of formula II may be reacted with a base as described hereinabove in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, such as tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate, to give the desired compound of formula I wherein R5 and R6 are H.
Alternatively, compounds of formula I wherein R5and R6 are H (la) may be prepared by reacting the formula II compound with a di-haloalkyl compound of formula IV to give the 1-(haloalkyl)azaindole of formula V; reacting the formula V azaindole with potassium phthalimide to give the intermediate of formula VI and reacting said intermediate with hydrazine to give the desired formula la compound. The reaction sequence is shown in flow diagram II wherein Hal represents Cl, Br or I.
Flow Diagram II
Figure imgf000016_0001
Compounds of formula V may also be reacted directly with an amine, HNR5R6, to give compounds of formula I. Compounds of formula II may be prepared using conventional synthetic methods and, if required, standard separation and isolation techniques. For example, a nitropyridine compound of formula VII may be reacted with a chloromethylsulfonyl compound of formula VIII in the presence of a strong base to give the intermediate of formula IX; said formula IX intermediate may then be treated with a reducing agent such as Fe, Zn or Sn in the presence of an acid to give the amine of formula X; said amine may then be acylated with the appropriate orthoester of formula XI to give the formula XI i compound; and said compound may be cyclized in the presence of a base to give the desired formula II 3- sulfonyl azaindole. The general synthetic method is described by W. Wojciechowski and M. Makosza, Synthesis 1986. 651-653. The reaction sequence is shown in flow diagram III.
Flow Diagram III
Figure imgf000017_0001
(vπ) (IX)
Zn, HC1
Figure imgf000017_0002
(xπ) (X)
base
Figure imgf000017_0003
(ID
Compounds of formula II may also be prepared directly from an azaindole compound, i.e. an azaindole of formula XIII may be reacted with iodine, optionally in the presence of Kl, to give the corresponding 3-iodoazaindole of formula XIV and said 3-iodoazaindole may be coupled with an appropriate thiol of formula XV to give the 3-thioazaindole of formula XVI. Said formula XVI compound may then be oxidized using conventional oxidizing reagents such as H2O2, m-chloroperbenzoic acid or the like to afford the formula II intermediate. The reaction is shown in flow diagram IV.
Flow Diagram IV
Figure imgf000018_0001
RrSH, Pd Salt
(XV)
Figure imgf000018_0002
(H) (XVI)
Alternatively, the formula XVI 3-thioazaindole intermediate may be prepared in a single step from the azaindole of formula XIII by reacting said formula XIII compound with the formula XV thiol in the presence of iodine, preferably in a polar solvent such as aqueous alcohol. The thus-obtained formula II compounds may then be carried on to the desired compounds of formula I by alkylation of the basic azaindole nitrogen as shown in flow diagrams I and II hereinabove.
Compounds of formula XIII may also be converted to the desired compounds of formula I wherein R5 and R6 are other than H (la) by reacting the formula XIII azaindole with an amine of formula Ilia wherein R5 and R6 are other than H to give the N-alkylated compound of formula XVII; reacting the formula XVII compound with a sulfonyl chloride of formula XVIII, optionally in the presence of a reagent such as Ag(OSO2CF3) or Bi(OSO2CF3)3, to give the desired compound of formula la. Similarly, compounds of formula I wherein R5 and R6 are H (lb) may be prepared directly from the formula XIII intermediate by reacting said formula XIII intermediate with a nitrile of formula XIX to give the corresponding alkylated compound of formula XX; sulfonylating said formula XX compound to give the compound of formula XXI; and reducing the formula XXI compound using conventional reducing reagents such as borane in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to give the desired compounds of formula lb. The reactions are shown in flow diagram V wherein Hal represents Cl, Br or I.
Flow Diagram V
Figure imgf000019_0001
(la) (lb) Advantageously, the formula I compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of CNS disorders relating or or affected by 5-HT6 receptor including motor, mood, personality, behavioral, psychiatric, cognitive, neurodegenerative, or the like disorders, for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention deficit disorder, anxiety, epilepsy, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, sleep disorders, neurodegenerative disorders (such as head trauma or stroke), feeding disorders (such as anorexia or bulimia), schizophrenia, memory loss, disorders associated with withdrawal from drug or nicotine abuse, or the like or certain gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for the treatment of a disorder of the central nervous system related to or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor in a patient in need thereof which comprises providing said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I as described hereinabove. The compounds may be provided by oral or parenteral administration or in any common manner known to be an effective administration of a therapeutic agent to a patient in need thereof.
The term "providing" as used herein with respect to providing a compound or substance embraced by the invention, designates either directly administering such a compound or substance, or administering a prodrug, derivative or analog which forms an equivalent amount of the compound or substance within the body. The therapeutically effective amount provided in the treatment of a specific
CNS disorder may vary according to the specific condition(s) being treated, the size, age and response pattern of the patient, the severity of the disorder, the judgment of the attending physician and the like. In general, effective amounts for daily oral administration may be about 0.01 to 1 ,000 mg/kg, preferably about 0.5 to 500 mg/kg and effective amounts for parenteral administration may be about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg, preferably about 0.5 to 50 mg/kg.
In actual practice, the compounds of the invention are provided by administering the compound or a precursor thereof in a solid or liquid form, either neat or in combination with one or more conventional pharmaceutical carriers or excipients. Accordingly, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and an effective amount of a compound of formula I as described hereinabove. Solid carriers suitable for use in the composition of the invention include one or more substances which may also act as flavoring agents, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, fillers, glidants, compression aides, binders, tablet-disintegrating agents or encapsulating materials. In powders, the carrier may be a finely divided solid which is in admixture with a finely divided compound of formula I. In tablets, the formula I compound may be mixed with a carrier having the necessary compression properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired. Said powders and tablets may contain up to 99% by weight of the formula I compound. Solid carriers suitable for use in the composition of the invention include calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidine, low melting waxes and ion exchange resins.
Any pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier suitable for preparing solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs may be employed in the composition of the invention. Compounds of formula I may be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier such as water, an organic solvent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable oil or fat, or a mixture thereof. Said liquid composition may contain other suitable pharmaceutical additives such as solubilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, sweeteners, flavoring agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, coloring agents, viscosity regulators, stabilizers, osmo-regulators, or the like. Examples of liquid carriers suitable for oral and parenteral administration include water (particularly containing additives as above, e.g., cellulose derivatives, preferably sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution), alcohols (including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, e.g., glycols) or their derivatives, or oils (e.g., fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil). For parenteral administration the carrier may also be an oily ester such as ethyl oleate or isopropyl myristate.
Compositions of the invention which are sterile solutions or suspensions are suitable for intramuscular, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Sterile solutions may also be administered intravenously. Inventive compositions suitable for oral administration may be in either liquid or solid composition form.
For a more clear understanding, and in order to illustrate the invention more clearly, specific examples thereof are set forth hereinbelow. The following examples are merely illustrative and are not to be understood as limiting the scope and underlying principles of the invention in any way.
The term HNMR designates proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The terms CH2CI2 and DMF designate methylene chloride and dimethyl formamide, respectively. All chromatography is performed using SiO2 as support.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of 3-(Phenylthio)-1H-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridine
Figure imgf000023_0001
A solution of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (8.33 g, 59.4 mmol) in CH2CI2 is chilled to -78°C and treated dropwise with trifluoroacetic anhydride (4.1 mL, 5.3 mmol). After stirring for 30 min at -78°C, a solution of 7-azaindole (5.2 g, 44.0 mmol) in CH2CI2 is added. After 30 min at -78°C, triethylamine (74 mL, 534 mmol) is added and the reaction is allowed to reach ambient temperature. After stirring for 3.5 days, the reaction is concentrated in vacuo, treated with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2CI2- The, organic extracts are combined and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is crystallized from methanol/H O and recrystallized from CH2CI2/hexane to afford the title compound as an off-white solid, 1.26 g, mp 188-189°C, characterized by mass spectral analyses and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of 3-(PhenylsulfonylHH-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridine
Figure imgf000023_0002
A solution of 3-(phenylthio)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridine (100 mg, 0.44 mmol) in t-butyl alcohol is treated with MnSO4 H O (4 mg, 0.020 mmol) and cooled to 0°C. A mixture of 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide (500 mg, 4.41 mmol) and 0.2 N aqueous NaHCO3 (7.5 mL) is added dropwise. The reaction is stirred for 23 h at 20°C, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are dried over MgSO and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (1 :50 methanol:CH2CI2) of the resultant residue yields a solid product which is recrystallized from CH2CI2/hexane to afford the title compound as a pinkish-white solid, 58 mg, mp > 250°C, characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(phenylsulfonvD-1 H-pyrrolor2,3b1pyridine
Figure imgf000024_0001
A solution of 3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (4.30 g, 16.6 mmol) in 1 ,2-dichloroethane (33 mL, 420 mmol) is treated with Aliquat®1 (6.9 g) and 50% aqueous NaOH (1.6 g, 20 mmol). The reaction is stirred for 6 h at 45°C. The cooled solution is diluted with H2O (200 mL) and extracted with CH2CI2 (3 x 250 mL). The combined CH2CI2 extracts are dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to a brown gum. This gum is chromatographed (1 :4 ethyl acetate:hexanes) and then crystallized from ethyl acetate:hexanes to afford the title compound as a white solid, 3.84 g, mp 117-119°C, characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
1Tricaprylmethylammonium chloride, manufactured by Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of 2-f 2-r3-(Phen ylsulf onv0-1 H-Pyrrolor2.3-blpyridine-1 ■yllethylVI H- isoindole-1.3(2H)-dione
Figure imgf000025_0001
A solution of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridine (3.84 g, 12.0 mmol) in DMF is treated with potassium phthalate (2.78 g, 15.0 mmol, heated at 115°C for 16 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts are washed with brine, dried over MgSO and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is crystallized from CH2CI2/hexane to afford the title compound as a white solid, 4.54 g, characterized by HNMR analysis.
EXAMPLE 5
Preparation of 2-f3-(Phen ylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolor2,3-blpyridin-1 -y-fethylamine dihvdrochloride
Figure imgf000025_0002
A solution of 2-{2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-yl]ethyl}-1 H- isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione (4.54 g, 10.5 mmol) in dioxane is treated with anhydrous hydrazine (8.3 mL, 265 mmol), heated at 50°C for 3 h, concentrated in vacuo, diluted with water and extracted with CH2CI2. The combined extracts are dried over MgSO and concentrated in vacuo to give a clear gum residue. Chromatography (1 :9 methanol:CH2CI2) of the residue affords the free amine of the title compound as a clear gum. The free amine is dissolved in ethanol, acidified with 2N aqueous HCI and concentration in vacuo. Crystallization of the resultant residue from ethanol/ether affords the title compound as a white solid, 3.20 g, mp 195-197°C, characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 6
Preparation of N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-r3-(phenylsulfonvO-1 H-pyrrolor2,3-b1pyridin- 1 -vπethyllamine dihvdrochloride
Figure imgf000026_0001
A solution of 3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (400 mg, 1.55 mmol) in dry DMF is chilled to 0°C, treated with sodium hydride (60% in oil, 97 mg, 2.43 mmol), stirred for 3 h at 20°C, cooled to -20°C, treated with 2-(dimethylamino)- ethyl chloride hydrochloride (336 mg, 2.33 mmol), stirred at 60°C for 16 h, cooled to room temperature, quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO and concentrated in vacuo to afford the free amine of the title compound as a yellowish gum. The gum is dissolved in ethanol, treated with 1 N aqueous HCI and concentrated in vacuo. Crystallization of the resultant residue from ethanol/ether affords the title compound as a light tan solid, 111 mg, mp 214-217°C, characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 7
Preparation of 2-l3-r(4-Methylphenv0sulfonvπ-1 H-pyrrolor2,3-blpyridin-1- ylVethylamine dihvdrochloride
Figure imgf000027_0001
6) HCI
Using essentially the same procedures described in Examples 1 through 6 hereinabove and employing 7-azaindole and methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide as starting materials, the title product is obtained as a white solid, mp 215-217°C, characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 8
Preparation of 3-lodo-1H-pyrrolor2,3-blpyridine
Figure imgf000027_0002
A solution of 7-azaindole (20.0 g, 169 mmol) in ethanol is treated with iodine (57.9 g, 228 mmol), potassium iodide (37.8 g, 228 mmol), and 1N aqueous NaOH (204 mL, 204 mmol). After stirring for 4 h at 20°C, the reaction is diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are combined and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is crystallized from methanol/water to afford the title compound as a pinkish-white solid, 35.4 g, mp 201-204°C, characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 9
Preparation of 3-r(4-FluorophenvDthiol-1 H-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridine
Figure imgf000028_0001
A solution of 3-iodo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (4.0 g, 16.4 mmol) in DMF is treated with 4-fluorobenzenethiol (2.09 mL, 19.7 mmol), potassium carbonate (3.40 g, 24.6 mmol), and copper iodide (4.21 g, 22.1 mmol). The reaction mixture is heated at 65°C for 4 h, cooled, diluted with cone, aqueous NH OH and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts are combined, washed with brine, dried over MgSO4and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatography (1 :50 methanol:CH2CI2) of the residue, followed by methanol/H2O crystallization affords the title compound as an off-white solid, 3.56 g, mp 183-184°C, characterized by mass spectral and NMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 10
Preparation of 3-r.4-Fluorophenv0sulfonvπ-1 H-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridine
Figure imgf000028_0002
A solution of 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)thio]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (3.36 g, 13.8 mmol) in acetone is treated with a solution of NaHCO3 (2.90 g, 34.5 mmol) in water. The reaction is then treated with Oxone®1 (25.5 g, 41.4 mmol), stirred for 3 h at 20°C, diluted with water, cooled in an ice-water bath and filtered. The filtercake is washed with water and vacuum dried to afford the title compound as a white solid 1.73 g, mp 212-213°C, characterized by mass spectral and NMR analyses.
12KHSO5 • KHSO4 • K2SO4, manufactured by DuPont, Wilmington, DE.
EXAMPLE 11
Preparation of 2-!3-r(4-Fluorophenv0sulfonvπ-1 H-pyrrolor2,3-blpyridin-1- yltethylamine hydrochloride
Figure imgf000029_0001
Using essentially the same procedure described in Examples 3 through 5 hereinabove and employing 3-[(4-f luorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine as substrate, the title product is obtained as a white solid, mp 193-197°C, characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 12
Preparation of 2-(3-r(3-Chlorophenyl)sulf onyll-1 H-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridin-1 - vDethylamine dihvdrochloride
Figure imgf000030_0001
5a) H2NNH2
5b) HCI
Using essentially the same procedures described hereinabove and employing 3-iodo-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine and 3-chlorobenzenethiol as starting materials, the title product is obtained as a white solid, mp 203-206°C, characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLES 13 - 30 Preparation of N-N-Dimethyl-N-(2-(3--ϊsubstituted phenvOsulfonylHH- pyrrolor2,3-blpyridin-1-yl)ethv0amine hydrochloride
Figure imgf000030_0002
Using essentially the same procedures described in Examples 4, 5, or 6, hereinabove or using the method described by J. Alvarez-Builla, et al, Synthetic Communications, (1991) 21(4), 535-544, and employing the appropriate 3- (substituted sulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine substrate and the desired haloalkylamine, the products shown in Table I are obtained and identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses. Table I
Figure imgf000031_0001
Ex. mp No. R1 R2 R5 R6 °C
13 4-F-C6H4 H CH3 CH3 189-1923
14 3-0- CβH4 H CH3 CH3 182-1863
15 1 -naphthyl H CH3 CH3 203-206
Table I. cont'd.
Figure imgf000032_0001
Ex. mp No. R1 R2 R5 R6 °C
16 1 -naphthyl H H H 148-170
17 3-F-C6H4 H H H 202-204
Figure imgf000032_0002
19 3-CF3-CeH4 H CH3 CH3 108-112
20 2-CF3-CβH H CH3 CH3 196-198
21 2-CF3-CβH4 H H H 182-1853
22 3-CF3-CβH4 H H H 179-183
23 2-thienyl H H H 202-2043
24 3,5-diCI-C6H3 H H H 136-140
25 2-thienyl H CH3 CH3 212-216a
26 3,5-diCI-C6H3 H CH3 CH3 227-232a
27 3-CI-C6H4 H CH2"CH; >-CH2 -CH2 183-1853
28 3-F-CeH4 H CH2-CH; J-CH2 ;-CH2 198-200*
29 3-F-C6H4 H CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2 197-1993
30 3-F-C6H4 H CH2-CH2- O-CI- l2-CH2 127-129
aDihydrochloride salt EXAMPLE 31 Preparation of N.N-Dimethyl-N-β-H H-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridin-1-v0ethvπamine
Figure imgf000033_0001
A stirred solution of 1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (5.00 g, 42.3 mmol) in DMF at ambient temperature is treated with 95% sodium hydride in oil (3.78 g, 150 mmol).
After gas evolution subsides, the reaction mixture is treated with 2-(dimethylamino)- ethyl chloride hydrochloride (6.40 g, 44.4 mmol), stirred for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase is separated, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as an oil, 6.50 g (81 % yield), identified by HNMR and mass spectral analyses.
EXAMPLE 32 Preparation of N.N-Pimethyl N-(2-{3-r(3-f luorophenyl)sulfonyll-1 H-pyrrolor2.3- blpyridin-1 -vDethyl, amine Dihvdrochloride
Figure imgf000033_0002
A stirred solution of N,N-dimethyl-N-[2-(1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 yljethyljamine (1.66 g, 8.8 mmol) in nitrobenzene is treated with 3- fluorophenylsulfonyl chloride (1.88 g, 9.7 mmol) under nitrogen, followed by silver trifluoromethylsulfonate (2.94 g, 11.4 mmol), heated to 100°C for 22 h, cooled and filtered through a cotton plug. The filtrate is treated with water and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2CI2. The extracts are combined, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is chromatographed eluting with 2:98 concentrated NH4OH:ethanol, to afford the free amine of the title compound as a viscous oil which solidifies (1.25 g, 41%). The free amine is dissolved in warm ethanol, treated with 4M HCI in dioxane and filtered. The filtercake is dried to give the title product as a pale yellow solid, 1.07 g (29% yield), mp 191-192°C, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLES 33 - 56 Preparation of N-{f2-(3-Arylsulf onvD-1 H-pyrrolor2,3-b1pyridin-1 -yllethyl amine
Derivatives
Figure imgf000034_0001
Using essentially the same procedure described hereinabove and employing the appropriately N1 -substituted 1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridine substrate and the desired arylsulfonyl chloride, the compounds shown on Table II are obtained and characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
Table II
Figure imgf000035_0001
Ex. mp No. R1 R2 R9 R5 R6 °C
33 5-CI-thien-2-yl H H CH3 CH3 169-171 a
34 6-CI-imid--zo[2,1- H H CH3 CH3 180-182* b][1 ,3]thiazol-5-yl
35 3-CI-C6H4 H H C2H5 C2Hδ 74-76
36 3-CH3-5-CI- H H CH3 CH3 212-215 benzothien-2-yl
37 2,6-diCI-C6H3 H H CH3 CH3 220-222
38 2,5-diCI-C6H3 H H CH3 CH3 230-2323
39 6-CI-imidazo[2,1- H H benzyl benzyl 140-145° b][1 ,3]thiazol-5-yl
40 3-CH3-CeH4 H H CH3 CH3 195-197
41 CβHδ H Br CH3 CH3 182-184
42 CβHs H OCH3 CH3 CH3 217-119
43 CβHδ H Cl CH3 CH3 193-195
44 3-CN-C6H4 H H CH3 CH3 148-150
45 2-naphthyl CH3 H CH3 CH3 238-240
46 3-CN-C6H4 CH3 H CH3 CH3 158-160 aDihydrochloride salt Foams Table II, contd.
Figure imgf000036_0001
Ex. mp No. R1 R2 R9 R5 R6 °C
47 3,5-diCI-C6H3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 250-252
48 3-CF3-CeH CH3 H CH3 CH3 195-197
49 2-thienyl CH3 H CH3 CH3 213-216
50 6-CI-imidazo[2,1- CH3 H CH3 CH3 195-199 b][1 ,3]thiazol-5-yl
51 3-F-CeH CH3 H CH3 CH3 185-190
52 1 -naphthyl CH3 H CH3 CH3 135-139
53 2,5-diCI-C6H3 CH3 H CH3 CH3 222-224
54 3-CH3-5-CI- CH3 H CH3 CH3 193-197 benzothien-2-yl
55 3-CI-CeH4 CH3 H CH3 CH3 210-213
56 5-CI-thien-2-yl CH3 H CH3 CH3 208-211
EXAMPLE 57
Preparation of N-(2-{3-r(3-Chlorophenv0sulfonvπ-1 H-pyrrolor2,3-blpyridin-1- yl)ethvO-N-methylamine Hydrochloride
Figure imgf000037_0001
A stirred solution under nitrogen of N-(2-{3-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1 H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-yljethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine (0.540 g, 1.49 mmol) in 1,2- dichloroethane is treated with 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (0.40 mL, 3.7 mmol), heated at reflux temperature for 2 h cooled, and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is treated with ethanol, heated at reflux temperature for 2 h and concentrated in vacuo. This resultant residue is chromatographed using 2:98 concentrated NH4OH:ethanol as eluent to afford the free amine of the title product as a semi-solid (311 mg, 60%). The free amine is dissolved in ethanol, treated with 4M HCI in dioxane and filtered. The filtercake is dried to give the title product as a pale yellow solid, 274 mg (48% yield), mp 263-265°C (dec), identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLES 58 - 62 Preparation of N-fr2-(3-Arylsulfonv0-1 H-pyrrolor2.3-fr|pyridin-1-yllethyllamine
Derivatives
Figure imgf000038_0001
Using essentially the same procedure described hereinabove and employing the appropriate N-(N,N-disubstituted-aminoalkyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine substrate, the compounds shown on Table III are obtained and characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
Table III
Figure imgf000038_0002
Ex. Mp
No. R1 R6 °C
58 6-CI-imidazo[2,1- CH3 182-186 b][1 ,3]thiazol-5-yl (foams)
59 3-F-C6H4 CH3 255-260
60 3-CI-CeH4 C2H5 231-233
61
Figure imgf000038_0003
CH2CeH5 173-175 btf1.3j-ri-azo.-5-y-
62 3-CH3-CeH4 CH3 244-246 EXAMPLE 63 Preparation of 1-(1H-Pyrrolor2.3-blpyridin-1-v0acetonitrile
Figure imgf000039_0001
A stirred solution of 1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridine (5.06 g, 42.8 mmol) in DMF at ambient temperature is treated portionwise with 95% sodium hydride (1.10 g, 43.5 mmol). After gas evolution subsides, the reaction mixture is treated with bromoacetonitrile (3.00 mL, 43.1 mmol), stirred for 16 h, and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase is separated, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. This residue is chromatographed eluting with 1 :3 EtOAc:hexanes to afford the title compound as a waxy solid, mp 77-79° C, identified by HNMR and mass spectral analyses.
EXAMPLE 64
Preparation of 1-r3-(PhenylsulfonvD-1 H-pyrrolor2,3-blpyridin-1-yllacetonitrile
Figure imgf000039_0002
A stirred solution of 1 -(1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1 -yl)acetonitrile (0.68 g, 4.33 mmol) in nitrobenzene is treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride (0.57 mL, 4.4 mmol) and silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (1.50 g, 5.8 mmol), heated at 125°C for 16 h, cooled and partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHCO3 andCH2CI2. The organic phase is dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is chromatographed eluting initially with 1 :4 EtOAc:hexanes and then with 1 :2 EtOAc:hexanes to afford the title compound as a tan solid, 0.70 g (54% yield), mp 140-142°C, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 65 Preparation of 2-r3-(phenylsulfonvD-1 H-pyrrolof2,3-blPyridin-1-vnethylamine
Figure imgf000040_0001
A portion of 1-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-yl]acetonitrile (0.30 g, 1.00 mmol) is treated with 1.0 M borane in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) in 0.5 mL portions at ambient temperature, stirred for 16h, treated with 2.0 M HCI (15 mL), heated at 100°C for 2 h, cooled in an ice bath, treated with,2.5 M aqueous NaOH, and extracted with ether. The extracts are combined, dried over MgSO and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as an oil, 0.180 g (60% yield), identified by HNMR and mass spectral analyses.
EXAMPLES 66 - 68 Preparation of r3-(Arylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolor2.3-blpyridin-1-v-1alkylarτ-ine
Derivatives
Figure imgf000041_0001
Using essentially the same procedures described in Examples 64 and 65 hereinabove and employing the appropriate 3-arylsulfonyl-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine- 1 -acetonitrile substrate, the compounds shown on Table IV are obtained and characterized by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
Table IV
Figure imgf000041_0002
Ex. Mp No. R1 R2 R3 °C
66 3-F-C6H4 CH3 H 239-241 a
67 2-naphthyl H H 233-238a
Figure imgf000041_0003
aHydrochloride EXAMPLE 69 Preparation of 4-Nitro-3-r(phenylsulfonyl)methvn-pyridine-N-oxide
Figure imgf000042_0001
Adapting the procedure of Makosza, etal, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1984, 8-14, a stirred mixture of 4-nitro-pyridine-N-oxide (1.40 g, 10.0 mmol) and chloromethylphenylsulfone (1.92 g, 10.0 mmol) in DMSO (25 mL) in a cold water bath is treated with a solution of KOH (4.0 g, 71 mmol) in DMSO, stirred for 45 min, poured into 1.0 M hydrochloric acid and water and extracted with CH2CI . The aqueous phase is filtered and the filtercake is dried in vacuo to afford the title compound, 1.20 g ( 41% yield). The organic extracts are combined, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant wet solid is heated in boiling ethanol:water (4:1) and filtered. The filtrate is cooled, concentrated and filtered. This filtercake is dried in vacuo to afford an additional portion of the title compound, 0.967 g (74% total yield), mp 219-220°C, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 70 Preparation of 3-Phenylsulfonyl-1 H-pyrrolor3.2-c1pyridine
Figure imgf000042_0002
A mixture of 4-nitro-3-[(phenylsulfonyl)methyl]-pyridine-N-oxide (1.43 g, 4.90 mmol) in methanol is heated with ammonium formate (1.54 g, 24.5 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (0.50 g) at 50°C for 24 h, treated with additional ammonium formate (0.63 g, 10 mmol), heated at reflux for 30 h, cooled and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is suspended in ethano water and filtered to remove residual catalyst. This filtrate is concentrated, cooled and filtered. The filtercake is dried to afford a tan solid (0.60 g). This solid (0.55 g) is admixed with triethylorthoformate (1.84 mL, 11.1 mmol), para-toluenesulfonic acid (pTsOH) monohydrate (42 mg, 0.22 mmol) and 1 ,2-dichloroethane, heated at reflux for 7 h and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is dispersed in tetrahydrofuran, treated with 1.0 M KO-t-Bu in tetrahydrofuran (3.1 mL, 3.1 mmol), stirred for 2 h, treated with saturated aqueous NH4CI and water and extracted with CH2CI2. The extracts are combined, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant orange solid residue is chromatographed eluting initially with EtOAc, then with 10:90 ethanol:EtOAc to afford the title compound as an off-white solid, 330 mg ( 58% yield), mp 261-263°C, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 71
Preparation of N.N-Dimethyl-N-(2-r3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolor3,2-clpyridin- 1-yllethyl)amine dihvdrochloride
Figure imgf000043_0001
Using essentially the same procedure described in Example 6 hereinabove and employing 3-phenylsulfonyl-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine, ambient reaction temperatures and a 24 h reaction time period, the title compound is obtained as an off-white solid, mp 255-257° C, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses. EXAMPLE 72 Preparation of 6-Methoxy-3-nitro-2-r(phenylsulfonvπmethvπ-pyridine
Figure imgf000044_0001
A 1 M KOt-Bu solution in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL, 50 mmol) is cooled to -40°C , treated portion-wise with a solution of chloromethyl phenyl sulfone (4.39 g, 23.0 mmol) and then with a solution of 2-methoxy-5-nitropyridine (3.55 g, 23.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran, stirred for 45 min at -40°C, treated with glacial acetic acid (3.0 g, 50 mmol) and filtered. The filtercake is air-dried to give the title compound as a tan solid, 5.70 g (80% yield), mp 147-149°C, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 73 Preparation of 3-Amino-6-methoxy-2-r(phenylsulfonv0methvπ-pyridine
Figure imgf000044_0002
A stirred mixture of 6-methoxy-3-nitro-2-[(phenylsulfonyl)methyl]-pyridine
(6.17 g, 20.0 mmol) in methanol and concentrated HCI (50 mL) is treated with thin strips of tin foil (10.0 g, 84.2 mmol), heated at 60°C for 20 h, and filtered hot. The filtrate is poured over ice and 2.5N aqueous NaOH, stirred for 0.5 h and filtered. The filtercake is air-dried to afford the title compound as a white solid 5.26 g (94%) yield, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses. EXAMPLE 74 Preparation of N-(6-Methoxy-r2-(phenylsulfonv0methyl1-pyridin-3-yl}- formimidic Acid Ethyl Ester
Figure imgf000045_0001
A stirred mixture of 3-amino-6-methoxy-2-[(phenylsulfonyl)methyl]-pyridine (2.40 g, 8.62 mmol) in triethyl orthoformate (20 mL) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTsOH) monohydrate (0.15 g, 0.788 mmol) is heated at 155°C for 48 h and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is diluted with hexanes and filtered to give the title product as a tan solid, 2.54 g (88% yield), identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 75 Preparation of 5-Methoxy-3-phenylsulfonyl-1 H-pyrrolor3,2-blpyridine
Figure imgf000045_0002
A stirred solution of N-{6-methoxy-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)methylj-pyridin-3-ylj- formimidic acid ethyl ester (2.54 g, 7.60 mmol) in DMSO is treated with powdered KOt-Bu (4.50 g, 38.0 mmol), stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h, treated with 10% aqueous NH CI and extracted with EtOAc. The extracts are combined, dried over MgSO4and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is recrystallized from EtOAc to afford the title compound as a tan solid, 0.42 g (19% yield), mp 223-225°C, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 76 Preparation of N.N-Dimethyl-N-f2-r3-(phenylsulfonvO-1 H-pyrrolor3.2-b|pyridin- 1 -vnethvDamine Dihvdrochloride
Figure imgf000046_0001
A stirred solution of 5-methoxy-3-phenylsulfonyl-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine (0.288 g, 1.00 mmol) in dry dimethyl formamide is treated with 95% NaH (0.075 g, 2.97 mmol), stirred at ambient temperature until gas evolution subsides, treated with 2-(dimethylamino)ethylchloride hydrochloride (0.200 g, 1.39 mmol), stirred for 16 h at 80°C, concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between water and EtOAc. The organic phase is dried over MgS04and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue is chromatographed eluting with EtOAc, then 1 :9 CH3OH:EtOAc, to obtain a semi-solid (0.216 g, 60% yield of the free amine). The semi-solid is dissolved in ethanol and treated with 4N HCI in dioxane and filtered. The filtercake is dried and triturated with ether to afford the title compound as a white solid, 0.19 g, mp 212-214°C, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLE 77 Preparation of N.N-Dimethyl-N-(2- 3-f(3-f luorophenvDsulfonvn-1 H-pyrrolor3.2- blPyridin-1-yllethyl)amine dihvdrochloride
Figure imgf000047_0001
Using essentially the same procedures described in Examples 6, 8, 9 and 10 hereinabove and employing 1-H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridine as the starting material, the title compound is obtained as a white solid, mp 163-165°C, identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses.
EXAMPLES 78 - 81 Preparation of N-{2-r3-(ArylsulfonvQ-1 H-pyrrolor3,2-blPyridin-1-yllethyl}amine Derivatives
Figure imgf000047_0002
Using essentially the same procedures described in Examples 72-76 hereinabove and employing the appropriately substituted nitrobenzene starting material and arylsulfonyl chloride and chloroethylamine reagents, the compounds shown on Table V are obtained and identified by mass spectral and HNMR analyses Table V
Figure imgf000048_0001
Ex. mp No. R1 R8 R5 R6 °C
78 4-Br-C6H4 OCH3 CH3 CH3 225-226
79 3-F - C6H4 OCH3 CH3 CH3 208-212
80 1 -naphthyl OCH3 CH3 CH3 233-235
81 CβH5 Cl CH3 CH3 244-246
EXAMPLE 82
Comparative Evaluation of 5-HT6 Binding Affinity of Test Compounds
The affinity of test compounds for the serotonin 5-HT6 receptor is evaluated in the following manner. Cultured Hela cells expressing human cloned 5-HT6 receptors are harvested and centrifuged at low speed (1 ,000 x g) for 10.0 min to remove the culture media. The harvested cells are suspended in half volume of fresh physiological phosphate buffered saline solution and recentrifuged at the same speed. This operation is repeated. The collected cells are then homogenized in ten volumes of 50 mM Tris.HCI (pH 7.4) and 0.5 mM EDTA. The homogenate is centrifuged at 40,000 x g for 30.0 min and the precipitate is collected. The obtained pellet is resuspended in 10 volumes of Tris.HCI buffer and recentrifuged at the same speed. The final pellet is suspended in a small volume of Tris.HCI buffer and the tissue protein content is determined in aliquots of 10-25 μ\ volumes. Bovine Serum Albumin is used as the standard in the protein determination according to the method described in Lowry et al., J. Biol. Chem.. 193:265 (1951). The volume of the suspended cell membranes is adjusted to give a tissue protein concentration of 1.0 mg/ml of suspension. The prepared membrane suspension (10 times concentrated) is aliquoted in 1.0 ml volumes and stored at -70° C until used in subsequent binding experiments.
Binding experiments are performed in a 96 well microtiter plate format, in a total volume of 200 μl. To each well is added the following mixture: 80.0 μl of incubation buffer made in 50 mM Tris.HCI buffer (pH 7.4) containing 10.0 mM MgCI2 and 0.5 mM EDTA and 20 μl of [3Hj-LSD (S.A., 86.0 Ci/mmol, available from
Amersham Life Science), 3.0 nM. The dissociation constant, KD of the [3H]LSD at the human serotonin 5-HT6 receptor is 2.9 nM, as determined by saturation binding with increasing concentrations of [3HjLSD. The reaction is initiated by the final addition of 100.0 μl of tissue suspension. Nonspecific binding is measured in the presence of 10.0 μM methiothepin. The test compounds are added in 20.0 μl volume. The reaction is allowed to proceed in the dark for 120 min at room temperature, at which time, the bound ligand-receptor complex is filtered off on a 96 well unifilter with a Packard Filtermate® 196 Harvester. The bound complex caught on the filter disk is allowed to air dry and the radioactivity is measured in a Packard TopCount® equipped with six photomultiplier detectors, after the addition of 40.0μl Microscint®-20 scintillant to each shallow well. The unifilter plate is heat-sealed and counted in a PackardTopCount® with a tritium efficiency of 31.0%.
Specific binding to the 5-HT6 receptor is defined as the total radioactivity bound less the amount bound in the presence of 10.OμM unlabeled methiothepin. Binding in the presence of varying concentrations of test compound is expressed as a percentage of specific binding in the absence of test compound. The results are plotted as log % bound versus log concentration of test compound. Nonlinear regression analysis of data points with a computer assisted program Prism® yielded both the IC50 and the Kj values of test compounds with 95% confidence limits. A linear regression line of data points is plotted, from which the IC50 value is determined and the Kj value is determined based upon the following equation:
Figure imgf000049_0001
where L is the concentration of the radioactive ligand used and KD is the dissociation constant of the ligand for the receptor, both expressed in nM.
Using this assay, the following Ki values are determined and compared to those values obtained by representative compounds known to demonstrate binding to the 5-HT6 receptor. The data are shown in Table VI, below.
Table VI
Test Compound 5-HT6 Binding Ki
(Ex. No.) (nM)
5 6
6 23
7 9
11 22
12 20
13 50
14 2
15 1
16 2
17 6
18 5
19 5
20 11
21 2
22 2
23 9
24 3
25 15
26 4
27 45
28 88
29 158
30 403
32 5
Figure imgf000051_0001
Table VI. contd.l
Test Compound 5-HT6 Binding Ki
(Ex. No (nM)
65 6
66 2
67 24
68 14
76 56
77 200
78 4
79 11
80 2
81 214
5-HT6 Binding Ki
Comparative Examples nM)
Clozapine 6.0
Loxapine 41.4
Bromocriptine 23.0
Methiothepin 8.3
Mianserin 44.2
Olanzepine 19.5
As can be seen from the results set forth above, the compounds of the present invention demonstrate significant affinity for the 5-HT6 receptor.

Claims

CLAIMS:
A compound of formula
Figure imgf000053_0001
(D wherein
W is N or CR7;
X is N or CR8;
Y is N or CR9;
Z is N or CR10 with the proviso that at least one and no more than two of W,
X, Y and Z must be N; n is an integer of 2, 3, 4 or 5;
R-i is an optionally substituted d-C6alkyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group or an optionally substituted 8- to 13-membered bicyclic or tricyclic ring system having a N atom at the bridgehead and optionally containing 1 , 2 or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O or S; R2 is H, halogen, or a Cι-C6alkyl, Cι-C6alkoxy, C3-C7cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; R3 and R are each independently H or an optionally substituted CrC6alkyl group; R5 and R6 are each independently H or a d-C^alky!, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-
C6alkynyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted , or R5 and R6 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered ring optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from O, NRιn or SOm; R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently H, halogen, CN, OCO22, CO2R13, CONR14Riδ, SOpR16, NR17Rιβ, OR19, COR20, or a Cι-C6alkyl, C2- C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; R11, R.2. R13, 16, R19 and R2o are each independently H or a CrC6alkyl, C2- C6alkenyl, C2-C6alkynyl, C3-C6cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted;
R14 and Rι5 are each independently H or an optionally substituted Cι-C6alkyl group or R14 and Rι5 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 5- to 7-membered ring optionally containing another heteroatom selected from O, NR22or S; R17 and Rι8 are each independently H or an optionally substituted C-ι-C alkyl group or R17 and R18 may be taken together with the atom to which they are attached to form a 5- to 7-membered ring optionally containing another heteroatom selected from O, NR21 or SOx; R21 and R22 are each independently H or a d-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C3- C7cycIoalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group each optionally substituted; and m, p and x are each independently 0 or an integer of 1 or 2; or a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein W or Z is N.
3. A compound according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein n is 2.
4. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein R-\ is an optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl or imidazothiazolyl group.
5. A compound according to claim 4 wherein Ri is phenyl optionally substituted with halogen or 1 -naphthyl or 6-chloroimidazo[1 ,2-b][1 ,3]thiazol-5-yl.
6. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein W is CR7; X is CR8; and Y is CR9.
7. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein X is CR8; Y is CR9; and Z is CR10.
8. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein R5 and R6 are each independently H or d-C3alkyl.
9. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein R3 and R4 are H.
10. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein R2 is H.
11. A compound according to claim 1 which is one of the following: 2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1-yljethylamine;
2-{3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-bjpyridin-1-yl}ethylamine;
2-{3-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylj-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1-yl}ethylamine; 2-[3-(naphth-1 -yl)sulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
2-{3-[(6-chloro-imidazo[2,1 -b][1 ,3jthiazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 - yljethylamine;
2-{3-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonylj-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1-yljethylamine;
2-{3-[(2-chlorophenyl)sulfonylj-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-cjpyridin-1-yljethylamine; 2-{3-[(3-methoxyphenyl)sulfonylj-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-cjpyridin-1 -yljethylamine;
2-{3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonylj-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1-yljethylamine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1- yljethyl)amine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(naphth-1 -ylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine; N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-{3-[(6-chloroimidazo[1 ,2-b][1 ,3]thiazol-5-yl)sulfonyl]-1 H- pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1-yl}ethyl)amine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1- yljethyljamine;
3-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine; 3-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine;
3-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-cjpyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine;
3-{3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine;
2-{6-chloro-3-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonylj-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1-yljethylamine;
2-{7-chloro-3-[(2-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1 -yljethylamine; 4-{3-[(3-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1 -yljbutan-1 -amine;
4-{3-[(4-f luorophenyl)sulfonylj-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1 -yljbutan-1 -amine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine; N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(thien-2-yl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-{2-[3-(naphth-1 -yl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine;
N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-{3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1- yljethyljamine;
N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine; N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-f luorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-bjpyridin-1 -yljethyl)amine;
N-methyl-N-{2-[3-(naphth-1 -ylsulfonyI)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljethyljamine;
N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(6-chloroimidazo[1 ,2-b][1 ,3jthiazol-5-yl)sulfonylj-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridin-1 -yljethyl)amine;
N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(2-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-cjpyridin-1 -yljethyljamine; N-methyl-N-(2-{3-[(3-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1 - yljethyljamine;
N-benzyI-N-(2-{3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1-yljethyl)amine;
N,N-dibenzyl-3-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine;
3-[3-(phenylsulfonyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine; 3-[3-(phenylsulf onyl)-1 H-pyrrolo[3,2-cjpyridin-1 -yljpropan-1 -amine; the stereoisomers thereof; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
12. A method for the treatment of a disorder of the central nervous system related to or affected by the 5-HT6 receptor in a patient in need thereof which comprises providing to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
13. A method according to claim 10 wherein said disorder is a motor disorder, anxiety disorder or cognitive disorder.
14. A method according to claim 10 wherein said disorder is a neurodegenerative disorder.
15. A method according to claim 11 wherein said disorder is attention deficit disorder or obsessive compulsive disorder.
16. A method according to claim 12 wherein said disorder is stroke or head trauma.
17. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
18. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula I as claimed in claim 1 or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which process comprises one of the following: a) reacting a compound of formula II
Figure imgf000057_0001
wherein W, X, Y, Z, R and R2are as described hereinabove with a haloalkylamine of formula III
Hal - (CR3R4)n-NR5R6
(III)
wherein Hal represents Cl, Br or I and R3, R4, Rs, Re and n are as described hereinabove in the presence of a base to give a compound of formula I; or b) reacting a compound of formula (V)
Figure imgf000058_0001
(V) wherein W, X, Y, Z, R^ R3, R and n are as defined in claim 1 and Hal is a halogen, with a compound of formula
HNR5R6 wherein R5 and R6 are as defined in claim 1 to give a compound of formula I; or
c) sulphonylating a compound of formula XVI:
Figure imgf000058_0002
wherein W, X, Y, Z, R3) R4, R5, Re and n are as defined in claim 1 , with a compound of formula:
CISO2Rι wherein Ri is as defined in claim 1 to give a compound of formula I; or d) reducing a compound of formula XX:
Figure imgf000059_0001
(XX) wherein W, X, Y, Z, Ri, R3, R4 and n are as defined in claim 1 , to give a corresponding compound of formula I wherein R5 and R6 are both hydrogen; or e) reacting a compound of formula
Figure imgf000059_0002
wherein W, X, Y, Z, Ri, R2, R3, R , n and m are as defined in claim 1 ,with hydrazine to give a corresponding compound of formula I wherein R5 and R6 are both hydrogen; or f) converting a basic compound of formula I to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or vice versa.
PCT/US2003/017466 2002-06-04 2003-06-03 1-(aminoalkyl)-3-sulfonylazaindoles as 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 ligands WO2003101990A1 (en)

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US7592340B2 (en) 2003-12-04 2009-09-22 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Quinoxalines useful as inhibitors of protein kinases
US8067434B2 (en) 2003-12-19 2011-11-29 Plexxikon Inc. Compounds and methods for development of Ret modulators
US8722889B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2014-05-13 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of JAK and other protein kinases
US8987454B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2015-03-24 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of JAK and other protein kinases
US8188281B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2012-05-29 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of JAK and other protein kinases
US8501446B2 (en) 2004-03-30 2013-08-06 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of JAK and other protein kinases
US7589206B2 (en) 2004-06-09 2009-09-15 Glaxo Group Limited Pyrrolopyridine derivatives
US7947708B2 (en) 2004-06-17 2011-05-24 Plexxikon, Inc. Compounds modulating C-kit activity
US7456289B2 (en) 2004-12-31 2008-11-25 National Health Research Institutes Anti-tumor compounds
US7846941B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2010-12-07 Plexxikon, Inc. Compounds modulating c-kit and c-fms activity and uses therefor
US7863288B2 (en) 2005-06-22 2011-01-04 Plexxikon, Inc. Compounds and methods for kinase modulation, and indications therefor
US8822681B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2014-09-02 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of janus kinases
US7767816B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2010-08-03 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of janus kinases
US9120790B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2015-09-01 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of Janus kinases
US8450489B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2013-05-28 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of janus kinases
US8163917B2 (en) 2006-01-17 2012-04-24 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Azaindoles useful as inhibitors of Janus kinases
US9487515B2 (en) 2006-11-22 2016-11-08 Plexxikon Inc. Compounds modulating c-fms and/or c-kit activity and uses therefor
US7893075B2 (en) 2006-11-22 2011-02-22 Plexxikon, Inc. Compounds modulating c-fms and/or c-kit activity and uses therefor
US9169250B2 (en) 2006-11-22 2015-10-27 Plexxikon Inc. Compounds modulating c-fms and/or c-kit activity and uses therefor
US8530489B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2013-09-10 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated 5-cyano-4-(pyrrolo [2,3B] pyridine-3-yl)-pyrimidine derivatives useful as protein kinase inhibitors
US8962642B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2015-02-24 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated 5-cyano-4- (pyrrolo [2,3B] pyridine-3-yl) -pyrimidine derivatives useful as protein kinase inhibitors
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US9844539B2 (en) 2007-07-17 2017-12-19 Plexxikon Inc. Compounds and methods for kinase modulation, and indications therefor
US9469640B2 (en) 2007-07-17 2016-10-18 Plexxikon Inc. Compounds and methods for kinase modulation, and indications therefor
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US9663517B2 (en) 2009-04-03 2017-05-30 Plexxikon Inc. Compositions and uses thereof
US9447089B2 (en) 2009-04-03 2016-09-20 Plexxikon Inc. Compositions and uses thereof
US9808459B2 (en) 2009-06-17 2017-11-07 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Inhibitors of influenza viruses replication
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US8865735B2 (en) 2011-02-21 2014-10-21 Hoffman-La Roche Inc. Solid forms of a pharmaceutically active substance
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