WO2003096361A1 - Improvements relating to the transfer of electromagnetic power - Google Patents
Improvements relating to the transfer of electromagnetic power Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003096361A1 WO2003096361A1 PCT/GB2003/002038 GB0302038W WO03096361A1 WO 2003096361 A1 WO2003096361 A1 WO 2003096361A1 GB 0302038 W GB0302038 W GB 0302038W WO 03096361 A1 WO03096361 A1 WO 03096361A1
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- core component
- sheet
- metal
- coil
- printed circuit
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
- H01F5/003—Printed circuit coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
- H01F27/25—Magnetic cores made from strips or ribbons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/2804—Printed windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/02—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0213—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s)
- H01F41/0226—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from strip(s) or ribbon(s) from amorphous ribbons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
- H01F41/0233—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits made from sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H04B5/79—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
- H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
- H01F2017/006—Printed inductances flexible printed inductors
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new apparatus for transferring electromagnetic power, particularly in relation to the powering of portable devices.
- an input alternating current flows through a primary coil, inducing an alternating magnetic flux within the transformer core. This alternating magnetic flux then induces an alternating current in a secondary coil.
- transformer for example U-U, U-I, E-I or E-E cores
- the alternating magnetic field in the primary side couples to the core in the secondary side, recreating a transformer and hence power is transferred inductively from the primary side to the secondary side without the need for direct electrical contacts.
- the transformer created when the portable device is placed onto the base unit can be used to provide power to the device without direct electrical contacts, for example to recharge a battery in the secondary device.
- Permalloy has a permeability which drops sharply at 10 ' s of kHz.
- a possible alternative core material is so-called "amorphous metal”.
- Amorphous metal is a metal alloy, consisting for example of iron, boron and silicon, which has been melted and then cooled so rapidly (“quenched") that there is no time for it to crystallise as it solidifies, leaving it instead in a glass-like amorphous state.
- a more detailed description of amorphous metals may be found in US 4,877,464, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated into the present application by reference.
- a two-stage manufacturing process is used to make (prior art) amorphous metal magnetic cores.
- STEP 1 A typical Production method for amorphous metal tape
- the alloy is melted, poured onto a rotating drum and rapidly quenched.
- the metal emerges in the form of a very thin ribbon, typically 16-25um thick.
- the resulting amorphous metal tape is magnetically "soft", has high permeability, has a moderate saturation magnetic flux density and is flexible.
- STEP 2 Typical Manufacturing method of conventional bulk magnetic cores from amorphous metal tape
- a conventional bulk magnetic core for example: U core, toroidal core
- many strips of such amorphous metal tape are then laminated (stacked or wound), usually alternated with insulating adhesive, into the shape of the desired core.
- the core is then annealed (the temperature is raised and then lowered in a controlled fashion), usually in the presence of a magnetic field.
- the annealing allows controlled nano-crystallisation of the metal, improving the saturation magnetic flux density.
- a negative side-effect of nano-crystallisation is that it increases the atomic order of the material, making it very brittle. In a bulky adhesive-bound core this is often not a problem because any stress is spread throughout the volume of the core.
- the word "thin” is to be taken to describe a shape substantially smaller in one dimension than in either of its other two dimensions, for example to describe a shape whose thickness is substantially less than (e.g. less than 1/5 or preferably less than 1/10 of) both its width and length, for example a section of tape.
- any shear stress force applied perpendicular to the plane of the material
- any shear stress is naturally concentrated across a very small cross-section.
- Any attempt to make a thin magnetic core using the above "Step 2" core-manufacturing stage would result in a very brittle object which is hard to work with in subsequent m_ ufact ⁇ ring steps, and therefore expensive. Further, such a core would be unsuitable for use in, for example, portable devices which are exposed to very high g forces when dropped.
- a magnetic core component for transferring power by induction to or from a device, the magnetic core component including a thin sheet of metal in a substantially amorphous or non- annealed state and being provided with means for transferring induced electrical power from the core component to a device.
- a device provided with a magnetic core component for receiving or transmitting power by electromagnetic induction, characterised in that the magnetic core component includes a thin sheet of metal in a substantially amorphous or non-annealed state.
- the device will generally be an electronic or electrical device, usually containing a rechargeable cell or battery. Alternatively or in addition, the device itself may be a rechargeable cell or battery.
- the amorphous metal is preferably at least 70% amorphous or non-annealed, and even more preferably at least 90% amorphous or non-annealed.
- the metal is what is generally known in the art as an "amorphous metal” or alternatively a “metallic glass”.
- the means for transferring induced electrical power to the device may comprise an electrical conductor wound around or otherwise associated with the thin sheet of amorphous metal and having first and second terminals for connection to power inputs of the device.
- the device will generally be a portable device, although non-portable devices may also be provided with a magnetic core component as herein described.
- Embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention may be adapted for retrofitting to an existing device, for example being in the form of a thin patch or sticker suitable for mounting (e.g. by way of adhesion) onto an appropriate internal or external surface of the device and having means for connection to a power input of the device.
- the amorphous magnetic core component of embodiments of the present invention has several advantages for use in portable devices, compared with using conventional magnetic cores: 1. It is thin, preferably 0.5mm or even 0.1mm or less, allowing devices into which it is incorporated to be ergonomic, and/or allowing more space for other functionality within such devices 2. It is flexible, therefore: a. it is not brittle, despite its thinness, and so: i. it is suitable for use in portable devices which may be subject to physical shock, ii. it is easy to handle in subsequent manufacturing steps b. it can easily be flexed into non-flat shapes, possibly to be conformal with the contours of a portable device such as a mobile phone or a wireless headset. c. it can be a component within a device which is itself flexible (for example a watch strap or an intelligent credit-card), particularly devices which have to flex as part of their operation - for example battery cells tend to bulge somewhat when they are recharged.
- the device can be rotated freely around its axis within an axial magnetic field.
- Metglas® 2714A as manufactured by Honeywell. This is a cobalt-based amorphous metal with an ultra- high permeability of >80,000 at DC in the as-cast state, supplied as ribbon on reels.
- the core will typically couple to external electromagnetic field lines running in the same plane as the material. Because of its relatively high permeability, it will concentrate nearby lines into it, so will even “capture” field lines ranning past it. This is shown in Figure 5.
- the core will saturate when subjected to a magnetic field above a certain threshold, placing an upper limit on the operational power of the system. Therefore the core must have a sufficiently large cross-section to ensure that saturation does not occur at the desired operational power level. Saturation offers some protection from exposure to very strong magnetic fields, as in this situation the core will saturate, limiting the power transferred to the device.
- the core may be located within or near a device which itself contains parallel planes of metal, for example a copper printed circuit board or an aluminium cover.
- the performance of the present invention is significantly better than that of a conventional core because the field lines through a conventional coil will suffer flux- exclusion if the coil is placed up against the metal plane (because the lines of flux must travel perpendicular to the plane of the core). Since in the present invention the lines of flux travel along the plane of the core, and therefore of the metal plane, performance is improved. See Figure 6.
- An additional benefit of embodiments of the present invention compared to a conventional coil is that the core in the present invention may act as a shield for items (e.g. electrical circuits, battery cells) in close proximity to the magnetic core.
- the core of the present invention acts to concentrate magnetic flux, thus capturing more flux than would otherwise flow through an equivalent cross-section of air.
- the size of the core's "shape factor" (the equivalent flux-capturing sphere) is determined to a first-order approximation by the longest planar dimension of the core. Therefore if the core of the present invention has planar dimensions with a significantly non-square aspect ratio, for example a 4:1 rectangle instead of a 1:1 square, it will capture proportionally more of any flux travelling parallel to the direction of its longest planar dimension. Therefore if used in devices which have a constrained aspect ratio (for example a long thin device such as a headset or pen), a significant increase in performance will be experienced compared with that of a conventional coil of the same area.
- the core may comprise more than one sheet of amorphous metal, the sheets being arranged in parallel with one another (laminated).
- the sheets may be made of the same amorphous metal material, or of two or more different amorphous metal materials.
- the core may be wrapped, encircled, wound or otherwise provided with a coil of conductive wire or tape or a flexible printed circuit. This is preferably wrapped or wound around a smallest of the planar dimensions of the sheet of amorphous metal .
- the coil may be tuned to a higher "Q" (quality factor) with a capacitor, in parallel or series, resulting in higher amounts of energy being induced by an external magnetic field, but also in higher dissipation in the module and the need for frming to a precise driving frequency.
- the capacitor may be made from multiple layers of amorphous metal in the core, interposed with a dielectric material such as polythene or the like.
- the coil may be connected to a half- or full-wave rectifier to convert AC into DC, and may also be connected to an optional smoothing capacitor, an optional regulator or a battery charge-controller.
- the core may be provided with a flexible printed coil arranged such that the amorphous core passes through the coil but in the same plane.
- the magnetic core component may comprise at least two pieces of amorphous sheet or ribbon laminated to each other with a coil located between the sheets or ribbons (see Figure 9).
- the core component may be formed from a substantially triangular sheet of amorphous metal which is folded in a concertina-like manner so as to form an elongate ribbon that is thicker in a middle part thereof than at its ends (see Figure 10).
- a similar structure may be formed by laminating successively shorter strips of ribbon or the like on top of each other, each strip being generally centred about a predetermined point.
- the core may be wrapped or wound with first and second coils, the second coil being substantially orthogonal to the first coil, so that power may be captured regardless of a direction of an external field within the plane of the sheet or sheets forming the core (no need for external field to rotate).
- the core may be incorporated on or within a portable device which receives and/or transmits power using the core.
- a. Mobile communication device for example a radio, mobile telephone or walkie-talkie
- Portable computing device for example a personal digital assistant or palmtop or laptop computer
- Portable entertainment devices for example a music player, games console or toy
- d Portable entertainment devices
- Personal care items for example a toothbrush, shaver, hair curler, hair rollers; e.
- a portable imaging device for example a video camcorder or a camera; f. Containers of contents that may require heating, for example coffee mugs, plates, cooking pots, nail-polish and cosmetic containers; g. Consumer devices, for example torches, clocks and fans; h. Power tools, for example cordless drills and screwdrivers; i. Wireless peripheral devices, for example wireless computer mouse, keyboard and headset; j. Time keeping devices, for example clock, wrist watch, stop watch and alarm clock; k. Battery-pack for insertion into any of the above; 1. Standard-sized battery cell.
- FIGURE 1 shows a prior-art U-U core transformer
- FIGURE 2 shows how two cores of the type shown in Figure 1 may be incorporated into an electronic device
- FIGURE 3 shows a prior art configuration similar to that of Figure 1, but using an axial core with air as the return path;
- FIGURES 4a and 4b show a simple core component of an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURES 5a to 5c show how the core component of Figures 4a and 4b interacts with an external magnetic field
- FIGURE 6a shows a prior art core component in an electronic device including a metal plane
- FIGURE 6b shows a core component of an embodiment of the present invention in the electronic device of Figure 6a;
- FIGURE 7 shows a wireless headset device provided with a core of an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURE 8 shows an embodiment of the present invention including a coil
- FIGURE 9 shows an embodiment of the present invention comprising two sheets of amorphous metal laminated about a printed coil
- FIGURES 10a to lOe illustrate a method of manufacturing an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURES 11a to l ie show three different embodiments of the present invention incorporated into a rechargeable battery or cell;
- FIGURE 12 shows the battery or cell of Figure 11 located near an external inductive charging unit
- FIGURE 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGURE 1 shows a prior-art U-U core transformer showing primary coil 112 through which an alternating current induces an alternating magnetic field in primary core 111. This field then flows between the end-pieces of core 111 and the end-pieces of secondary core 102 through the space therebetween. The field 1 flowing in 102 then induces a current in secondary coil 101.
- FIGURE 2 shows how the two cores 111 and 102 of Figure 1 may be incorporated into a prior art electronic device 120 and a charger 130 such that the device 120 may be brought into proximity of the charger 130 to complete a magnetic circuit and transfer power from the charger 130 to the device 120.
- FIGURE 3 shows a prior art configuration similar to Figure 1, but using axial cores 102, 111 with air as the return path.
- FIGURE 4a shows a laminar sheet of amorphous, non-annealed metal 102 forming a magnetic core component of the present invention coupling to an external magnetic field 1.
- FIGURE 4b shows the core component 102 of Figure 4a incorporated within a portable electronic device 120.
- the core 102 is placed on a bottom side of the device 120.
- FIGURE 5 a shows the device 120 of Figure 4b in plan view and FIGURE 5b shows the device 120 in side view. It can be seen how the high permeability of the core 102 pulls the electromagnetic field 1 into the core 102. Because of this, a field running predominantly under the device 120, shown most clearly in Figure 5b, will be pulled into the device 120, thus coupling effectively to it.
- FIGURE 5c shows more detailed field lines when two such cores 102 are placed onto a surface which generates a distributed horizontal field. Note how the field lines travel not only into the ends of the cores, but also into the side surfaces.
- FIGURES 6a and 6b show a device 120 which, for reasons unrelated to the present invention, includes a metal plane 125.
- the flow of flux 1 vertically into a conventional core 108 ( Figure 6a) must go through the metal plane 125 and therefore the core 108 suffers from flux exclusion.
- Figure 6b With a core 102 designed according to embodiments of the present invention ( Figure 6b), the flux 1 flows horizontally, alongside the metal plane 125 and through the core 102 with no flux exclusion.
- FIGURE 7 shows a portable electronic device 120 in the form of a wireless headset.
- a portable electronic device 120 in the form of a wireless headset.
- the laminar amorphous metal core 102 of embodiments of the present invention is able to be bent somewhat to conform to the shape of the headset 120, allowing it to extend for a substantial part of the length of the headset 120, and thus couple very effectively with an external field (not shown).
- FIGURE 8 shows a possible arrangement of an electrically-conductive coil 101 spirally wound around a laminar amorphous metal core 102. It is to be noted that the coil 101 is wound about a shorter dimension of the core 102, since most flux will be captured when travelling along the longest planar dimension of the core 102 and therefore more current will be induced in the coil 101 when wound in this configuration.
- FIGURE 9 shows a convenient possible method of manufacture of a core with a winding.
- Two layers of amorphous metal 102, 102' have a printed-circuit coil 101 sandwiched between them.
- the flux (not shown but travelling horizontally across this Figure) will travel horizontally through the left hand layer 102, then vertically through the printed circuit coil 101, and then horizontally through the right hand layer 102'.
- This embodiment is easy to manufacture and can be very thin.
- FIGURE 10a shows how magnetic field lines 101 entering the core 102 from the ends and sides result in the field strength within the core 102 being a maximum at its centre. As a result, more material is required in the centre to avoid saturation.
- FIGURE 10b shows a way to fold a single triangular piece of amorphous metal 200 in a concertina-like manner along fold lines 210 to achieve this effect.
- FIGURE 10c shows the resulting core 102 from above, FIGURE lOd a view from the end of the partially-folded assembly, and FIGURE lOe a view from the side.
- a similar core 102 may be constructed by cutting the sheet of material 200 into strips along the fold lines 210 of Figure 10b and then laminating the strips on top of each other to arrive at a core 102 similar to that of Figures 10c and lOe.
- an equivalent core 102 may be constructed simply by laminating successively shorter strips of amorphous magnetic material on top of each other, the strips not necessarily having been cut from a triangular sheet.
- FIGURES 11a to l ie show three possible arrangements of laminar metal core 102 used within a battery cell 140, capable of inductively receiving power for recharging the battery cell 140.
- the core 102 is wrapped completely around the cell 140 as a cylinder, with a coil 101 being wound or wrapped around the core 102.
- a smaller core 102 is placed on or near an outer surface of the cell 140 and bent into a curve to conform with the curvature of the cell 140, again with a coil 101 being wound or wrapped around the core 102 (but not around the cell 140 itself, as in Figure 1 la).
- Figure l ie shows a core 102 placed inside the cell 140 and wound or wrapped with a coil 101.
- FIGURE 12 shows an external unit in the form of a charging pad 150 generating a substantially horizontal electromagnetic field 1 and a cell 140 containing a laminar core component 102 in the manner of Figure 11. If the cell 140 is placed on or in proximity to the unit 150, the field 1 generated by the unit 150 will couple to the laminar core 102 and can thus charge the battery 140. The important point to note is that because the cell 140 is relatively tMn, and the field 1 is flowing along its length, the cell 140 will receive power regardless of its axial rotation rA. This is particularly useful if the cell 140 has been placed in a random orientation into a battery holder within a portable electronic device (not shown), as is often the case.
- FIGURE 13 shows one possible implementation of the present invention in which an externally-applied alternating magnetic field 1 flows into the ends of an amorphous metal core 102.
- the core is composed of 6 pieces of Metglas® 2714A cobalt-based amorphous metal tape, each 50mm x 25mm x 0.018mm, stacked on top of one another into a thin laminar composite core. The number of pieces is chosen to prevent saturation at the operational field strength which oscillates at 40kHz.
- This core 102 are wrapped 40 turns of 0.25 mm diameter enamelled copper wire, creating a flat-wound coil 101.
- the number of turns is chosen in order to develop sufficient voltage for the subsequent circuit.
- the gauge is chosen in order to keep resistive (heating) losses low.
- a thin layer of protective material e.g. paper or plastic, not shown, may be interposed between the core and the windings to protect the enamel insulation of the windings. The thickness of this entire magnetic assembly is less than 1mm.
- capacitor Cl 150nF
- Raising the Q also tunes the assembly, and increases the dissipation in the coil 101, but this low value still leaves the assembly relatively efficient and insensitive to variations in the frequency of the externally-applied magnetic field 1.
- An alternative circuit topology would be a capacitor in series with the load (series- resonant) rather than the parallel-resonant topology shown here. However this causes a large current to flow through the capacitor and large voltages to be developed across it, causing it to become hot and possibly break down due to excessive voltage.
- the power collected by the above magnetic assembly can flow directly into a component capable of utilizing AC power directly, for example resistor Rl, which is a heating coil, providing heat to a cup-warming device (not shown) for example.
- resistor Rl which is a heating coil
- the power is converted to DC for use by conventional electric or electronic circuits.
- the coil 101 is centre-tapped and current flows from it into a full-wave rectifier consisting of power diodes Dl, D2, and thence into smoothing capacitor C2 of luF which smoothes the 40kHz ripple to an acceptable level, providing a DC voltage of approximately 5N.
- the external alternating magnetic field 1 may, in addition to its alternation at 40kHz, also rotate approximately in the plane of the core 102, perhaps at some lower frequency.
- the smoothing capacitor C2 must be of sufficient capacity to ride out the dips in voltage caused when the external field 1 is at 90 degrees to the coil 101 and thus induces no current therein.
- An optional 3-terminal regulator Ql may be provided to convert the smoothed DC into regulated DC.
- the circuit then connects to the device 120 in/to which it is fitted, providing the device 120 with power.
- the entire circuit above may be fitted inside the back casing of a mobile telephone and connected to its power/charging circuits, delivering 2W to charge at the same rate as a conventional plug-in charger.
- the device 120 might be a rechargeable cell, in which case regulator Ql might be a charge-controller integrated circuit capable of managing fast-charging, trickle charging and the like.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03730317A EP1506554A1 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | Improvements relating to the transfer of electromagnetic power |
AU2003240999A AU2003240999A1 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | Improvements relating to the transfer of electromagnetic power |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0210886.8A GB0210886D0 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-05-13 | Improvements relating to contact-less power transfer |
GB0210886.8 | 2002-05-13 | ||
GBGB0213024.3A GB0213024D0 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-06-07 | Improvements relating to contact-less power transfer |
GB0213024.3 | 2002-06-07 | ||
GBGB0225006.6A GB0225006D0 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-10-28 | Inductive battery recharging system |
GB0225006.6 | 2002-10-28 | ||
GBGB0228425.5A GB0228425D0 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-12-06 | Improvements relating to contact-less power transfer |
GB0228425.5 | 2002-12-06 | ||
US10/326,571 | 2002-12-20 | ||
US10/326,571 US6906495B2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-12-20 | Contact-less power transfer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003096361A1 true WO2003096361A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
Family
ID=29424791
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2003/002030 WO2003096512A2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | Contact-less power transfer |
PCT/GB2003/002038 WO2003096361A1 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | Improvements relating to the transfer of electromagnetic power |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2003/002030 WO2003096512A2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | Contact-less power transfer |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1506554A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4403285B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101009812B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100550570C (en) |
AU (4) | AU2003240999A1 (en) |
WO (2) | WO2003096512A2 (en) |
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AU2008255158A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
EP1506605A2 (en) | 2005-02-16 |
AU2003233895A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
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AU2008255158B8 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
CN100550570C (en) | 2009-10-14 |
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