WO2003074095A1

WO2003074095A1 - Perfume gel composition

Info

Publication number: WO2003074095A1
Application number: PCT/GB2003/000930
Authority: WO
Inventors: Huib Maat
Original assignee: Inovair Limited
Priority date: 2002-03-06
Filing date: 2003-03-06
Publication date: 2003-09-12
Also published as: AU2003214381A1; US20050274817A1; EP1482992A1

Abstract

There is described a gel comprising from 3 to 80 % w/w of perfume base, characterised in that the gel element comprises a substantially anhydrous thermally reversible gel. There is also described an air freshener, a lavatory cleanser/deodoriser and/or an insecticide/deodoriser comprising such a gel element.

Description

PERFUME GEL COMPOSITION

The present invention relates to novel perfumed gel compositions, methods for their preparation and air freshening device related thereto.

Most existing air freshener gels are termed "hydrogels", that is they are colloidal dispersions comprising droplets of fragrance distributed within a hydrocolloid matrix. The hydrocolloid used to prepare such gels may typically be for instance carageenan, alginate, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), gelatin or gellan gum. The fragrance droplets may be stabilised by the addition of a surface active agent. In compositions in which the gel element is opaque the level of surface active agent is relatively low, for example less than 1% w/w based on the total composition. In compositions in which the gel element is transparent, for example, gel elements incorporating gellan gum or gelatin, the level of surface active agent is higher, for example, greater than 8% w/w, so that the fragrance forms a microemulsion within the hydrocolloid matrix. Hydrogels typically contain a maximum of 10% w/w of a perfume base. Therefore, one particular disadvantage of such hydrogels is that a relatively large amount of the gel composition is required to adequately freshen the surrounding atmosphere. Thus, for example, it is usual for the mass of the gel composition to be between 50 and 250g, most often between 100 and 200g.

Other solid gel compositions are known, for example, those based on d-limonene, solidified by the addition of sodium stearate. Such gels typically contain a greater amount of fragrance than conventional hydrogels, for example, up to a maximum of 15% w/w perfume base. Whilst the d-limonene also contributes to the freshening effect of the product, d-limonene imparts a citrus character to the odour of the product thereby restricting somewhat the range of odours that can be delivered to the atmosphere. Furthermore, d-limonene based gels suffer from the disadvantage that d-limonene is aggressive towards plastics typically used for packaging air fresheners, especially plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Therefore, it is necessary for such gels to be packaged in metal cans. Attempts have been made to produce improved fragranced gels. Thus, US Patent No. 5,780,527 describes an anhydrous gel element formed by reacting, in the presence of a perfume base, a liquid polymeric material with a cross-linking agent. The rigid, dry and transparent gel element that is thus formed can contain a large proportion of perfume base, of up to 90% w/w based on the total composition. This last feature is of particular importance since devices incorporating the gel element can be used in the form of discreet articles of small dimensions, notwithstanding of good effectiveness. However, whilst the gels make good air fresheners, they are difficult to process. The process described in US 5,780,527 is a cold mix process. Such a process is disadvantageous in that, inter alia, since the gels are formed by chemical cross-linking, once the gel is set it is not reversible. Furthermore, there are restrictions on the fragrances which can suitably be used with cross-linking agents.

We have found that it is also possible to form an anhydrous gel element by dissolving a cellulose ester at an elevated temperature, in the presence of a perfume base. Gels derived from the process of the present invention can contain a large proportion of perfume base, up to 80% w/w or more, based on the total composition. Thus, such gels possess the high loading advantages of some of the prior art gels but are also more easily processed and/or processable.

Thus, according to the invention we provide a gel comprising from 3 to 80% w/w of perfume base, characterised in that the gel is a substantially anhydrous and thermally reversible gel.

A wide variety of materials may be suitable for the gel of the invention. However, especially preferred are cellulose esters.

It may be disadvantageous to process the gel element of the invention at too high a temperature, as this can be deleterious to the perfume base. Thus, preferably the gels of the invention may be manufactured by dissolving, for example, the cellulose ester(s) in a perfume base at a temperature of up to 130°C₅ preferably from 60°C e.g. 60 to l00°C.

Cellulose esters are prepared from cellulose, obtained from wood pulp or cotton linters. Esterification of the cellulose may be performed by mixing the cellulose with the appropriate organic acids, acid anhydrides, and catalysts, thereby converting the cellulose to a cellulose triester. Ester hydrolysis may then be performed by adding a water-acid mixture to the cellulose triester. The solution is filtered and then water is added to precipitate the desired cellulose ester. This is then washed, dewatered, dried and screened to produce the final product. There are various commercially available cellulose esters, for example those marketed by the Eastman Chemical Company. Preferred cellulose esters are cellulose acetate (CA) esters, and mixed cellulose esters, for example, cellulose acetate alkanoate esters, such as, It may be disadvantageous to process the gel of the invention at too high a temperature, as this can be deleterious to the perfume base.

Thus, according to the invention we provide a gel element comprising from 3 to 80% w/w of perfume base, characterised in that the gel element comprises a thermally reversible substantially anhydrous gel wherein the gel is a cellulose acetate alkanoate gel.

The cellulose acetate alkanoate used in the gel of the invention is preferably one in which the alkanoate is a C2 to C6 alkanoate, more preferably a C2 to C4 alkanoate. The most preferred cellulose acetate is one selected from the group cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and combinations thereof.

i one embodiment of the invention the anhydrous gel substantially comprises CAP. However, it has been found that CAB is the most useful in the preparation of the gel compositions of the invention. Alternatively, mixtures of CAB and CAP may also be used. The wide range properties available in CAB, is a consequence of the wide range of butyryl, acetyl and hydroxyl levels. Cellulose esters with a low butyryl content are generally insoluble in most perfume bases, whilst cellulose esters with a very high butyryl content are very soluble in perfume bases, to such an extent that a gel will not form on cooling. Thus, CAB with a "medium" butyryl level, is preferred since it is sufficiently soluble so as to produce a transparent solution with little or no co- solvent, and yet is not so soluble that a gel does not form upon cooling. Thus, a gel with a butyryl level of from 5% to 40% w/w is especially preferred, more preferably from 20%) to 40%) w/w. Alternatively, a gel with a propionate level of from 5 to 40%o w/w may be used, more preferably from 20 to 40% w/w.

Of particular importance in the gels of the present invention is the ratio of the butyryl to acetyl groups in the hydrogel or the propionate to acetyl groups, e.g. the higher alkanoyl to acetyl ratio.

Thus the ratio of higher alkanoyl to acetyl may be within the range of from 1 :2 to 50:1 by weight, preferably from 1:1.75 to 17:1 by weight, more preferably from 1.5:1 to 3:1.

Specific cellulose acetate alkanoyls which may be mentioned are the cellulose acetate butyrates, such as CAB 381-20, CAB 381-2.0, or CAB 381-0.5.

The range of cellulose acetates may be extended by the incorporation of a solvent.

fn order to improve the solubility of the CAB in the perfume base it is useful to include a co-solvent in the composition. Suitable co-solvents include, but are not limited to, ketones, esters, glycol ethers, and glycol ether esters. The glycol ethers are particularly useful, such as Dowanol PM (propylene glycol monomethyl ether,^" available from Dow Chemicals), Dowanol DPM (dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, available from Dow Chemicals) and Dowanol TPM (tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, available from Dow Chemicals). Dowanol DPM is particularly preferred.

Tables 1 and 2 illustrates the properties of compositions prepared using different grades of CAB, and the effect of dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPGMME).

Any of the compositions currently used in perfumery. May be used as a perfume base in the gels of the present invention. These can be discreet chemicals, more often however they are mixtures of volatile liquid and/or solid ingredients of natural or synthetic origin. The nature of these ingredients can be found in specialised books of perfumery, e.g. in S. Artander (Perfume and Flavor Chemicals, Montclair N.J., USA 1969). Suitable perfume bases are available commercially from a number of fragrance suppliers.

The gel or gel elements of the invention may be self supporting. Thus, for example, the gel may be absorbed into or onto a porous substrate, including but not limited to ceramic, wood, stone, paper, concrete, an extruded/cast or pressed detergent block (e.g. toilet cleaning block or a soap bar), a sponge, etc.

Alternatively, the gel may be adapted such that it can hold itself on a rough surface, including but not limited to plastics with a rough surface, frosted or rough glass, metal wax, etc.

In a yet further alternative, the gel may be able to dissolve controllably through the addition of other materials, including but not limited to enzymes, for example cellulase.

In addition, the gel may includes other materials, including but not limited to surfactants; fillers, such as, chalk, water, etc.; and solvents, such as glycol ethers, etc. The gels of the invention may be suitable for use as, ter alia, conventional air fresheners. However, one or more conventionally known germicide, bactericide or insecticide materials or any combination thereof may be included in the gel formulation. Thus such gel formulations may be suitable for use as a lavatory cleanser/deodoriser and/or as an insecticide/deodoriser.

Samples were prepared as follows:

(i) Premix the perfume base and DPGMME (where appropriate) in a sealed vessel equipped with a stirrer and heat source. (ii) Stir vigorously whilst adding the CAB to the vessel.

(iii) Heat the contents with stirring until the CAB dissolves in the perfume/DPGMME mixture.

(iv) Transfer to containers and allow to cool to ambient temperature.

(v) Assess when completely cooled.

The invention will now be described, but shall not be limited, with reference to the accompanying examples.

Example 1

35. Og of perfume base (apple scent) was mixed with 5.0g of Dowanol® DPM (available from Dow Chemicals) in a 100ml sealed vessel, equipped with an overhead stirrer. 10. Og of CAB-381-0.5 (available from Eastman Chemical Company) was added with vigorous mixing to ensure good dispersion. The degree of mixing was reduced, and the contents of the flask heated to 80°C. After approximately 5 minutes continuous stirring at 80°C a transparent, viscous liquid was formed. This was allowed to cool to approximately 70°C.

6g of the mixture was poured into a circular glass dish with a surface area of 25cm² and allowed to cool to ambient temperature, whereupon a transparent, solid gel was produced. Left in the air the gel lost 4.08g in 35days. Example 2

35. Og of perfume base (lemon scent) was mixed with 5.0g of Dowanol® DPM (available from Dow Chemicals) in a 100ml sealed vessel, equipped with an overhead stirrer. 10. Og of CAB-381-0.5 (available from Eastman Chemical Company) was added with vigorous mixing to ensure good dispersion. The degree of mixing was reduced, and the contents of the flask heated to 80°C. After approximately 5 minutes continuous stirring at 80°C a transparent, viscous liquid was formed. This was allowed to cool to approximately 70°C.

6g of the mixture was poured into a circular glass dish with a surface area of 25cm² and allowed to cool to ambient temperature, whereupon a transparent, solid gel was produced. Left in the air the gel lost 3.79g in 30days.

TABLE 1

Perfume base = Lavender scent

' DPGMME = Dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether

Formulation Gel Description Code

Transparent. Does not solidify upon cooling.

B Transparent. Does not solidify upon cooling

Transparent. Does not solidify upon cooling-

D Transparent. Does not solidify upon cooling.

E Transparent. Does not solidify upon cooling,

E Transparent. Does not solidify upon cooling-

Transparent. Does not solidify upon cooling

H Transparent. Does not solidify upon cooling

Transparent. Does not solidify upon cooling-

Transparent. Forms rubber-like solid gel upon cooling-

K Transparent. Forms rubber-like solid gel upon cooling.

Slightly cloudy. Forms rubber-like solid gel upon cooling.

M Transparent. Forms solid gel upon cooling.

N Transparent. Forms solid gel upon cooling.

O Slightly cloudy. Forms solid gel upon cooling. Some syneresis.

Very slightly cloudy. Forms rubber-like solid gel upon cooling.

Slightly cloudy. Forms rubber-like solid gel upon cooling. Some syneresis.

R Insoluble. Does not mix.

TABLE 2

Claims

1. A gel comprising from 3 to 80% w/w of perfume base, characterised in that the gel comprises a substantially anhydrous thermally reversible gel.

2. A gel according to claim 1 characterised in that the gel is produced at a temperature of up to approximately 130°C.

3. A gel according to claim 2 characterised in that the gel is produced at a temperature of from 60°C.

4. A gel according to claim 3 characterised in that the gel produced at a temperature of from 60 to 100°C

5. A gel according to claim 1 characterised in that the gel comprises one or more cellulose esters.

6. A gel according to claim 5 characterised in that one or more of the cellulose esters is a cellulose acetate (CA) ester.

7. A gel according to claim 6 characterised in that one or more of the cellulose acetate esters is a mixed cellulose ester.

8. A gel according to claim 7 characterised in that the cellulose acetate ester is a cellulose acetate alkanoate ester.

9. A gel according to claim 8 characterised in that the cellulose acetate alkanoate ester is one in which the alkanoate is a C2 to C6 alkanoate.

10. A gel according to claim 9 characterised in that the cellulose acetate alkanoate ester is one in which the alkanoate is a C2 to C4 alkanoate.

11. A gel according to claim 10 characterised in that the cellulose acetate alkanoate is one selected from the group cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and combinations thereof.

12. A gel according to claim 11 characterised in that the anhydrous gel substantially comprises CAP.

13. A gel according to claim 11 characterised in that the anhydrous gel substantially comprises CAB .

14. A gel according to claim 13 characterised in that the CAB with a "medium" alkanoate level.

15. A gel according to claim 11 characterised in that the alkanoate level is from 5% to 40% w/w.

16. A gel according to claim 15 characterised in that the butyryl level is from 5% to 40% w/w.

17. A gel according to claim 15 characterised in that propionate level is from 5 to 40% w/w.

18. A gel according to claim 9 characterised in that the ratio of alkanoate to acetyl is within the range of from 1 :2 to 50: 1 by weight.

19. A gel according to claim 18 characterised in that the ratio of alkanoate to acetyl is within the range of from 1:1.75 to 17:1 by weight.

20. A gel according to claim 19 characterised in that the ratio of alkanoate to acetyl is within the range of from 1.5 : 1 to 3 : 1.

21. A gel according to claim 20 characterised in that the cellulose acetate alkanoate is a cellulose acetate butyrate.

22. A gel according to claim 21 characterised in that the cellulose acetate butyrate is selected from the group CAB 381-20, CAB 381-2.0, or CAB 381-0.5 (available from Eastman Chemical Company).

23. A gel according to claim 6 characterised in that the gel incorporates a solvent.

24. A gel according to claim 23 characterised in that the solvent is selected from the group, ketones, esters, glycol ethers, and glycol ether esters.

25. A gel according to claim 24 characterised in that the solvent is a glycol ether.

26. A gel according to claim 25 characterised in that the glycol ether is selected from the group Dowanol PM (propylene glycol monomethyl ether, available from Dow Chemicals), Dowanol DPM (dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, available from Dow Chemicals) and Dowanol TPM (tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, available from Dow Chemicals).

27. A gel according to claim 1 characterised in that the gel is adapted to controllably dissolve.

28. A gel according to claim 27 characterised in that the enzyme is incorporated into the gel.

29. -A gel according to claim 28 characterised in that the enzyme is cellulase. • •

30. A gel according to claim 1 characterised in that the gel includes one or more of a surfactant, a filler or a solvent or a combination of any of the aforementioned.

31. A gel according to claim 30 characterised in that the filler is selected from chalk or water.

32. A gel according to claim 30 characterised in that the solvent is a glycol ether.

33. A gel element comprising from 3 to 80%ι w/w of perfume base, characterised in that the gel element comprises a substantially anhydrous thermally reversible gel wherein the gel is a cellulose acetate alkanoate gel.

34. A gel element according to claim 33 characterised in that one or more germicide, bactericide, anti-bacterial, deodorising, insecticide, insect attractant or insect repellent materials or any combination thereof are included in the gel formulation

35. A gel element characterised in that the element is held in position by a shrink fit process.

36. A gel element according to claim 35 characterised in that the shrink fit process comprises shrinking the gel around a single locator.

37. A gel element according to claim 35 characterised in that the shrink fit process comprises tensioning the gel element.

38. A gel element according to claim 37 characterised in that the gel element is tensioned between at least a pair of locators.

39. A gel element according to claim 33 characterised in that the gel element is self supporting.

40. A gel element according to claim 39 characterised in that the gel is absorbed into or onto a porous substrate.

41. A gel element according to claim 40 characterised in that the porous substrate is selected form one or more of ceramic, wood, stone, paper, concrete, an extruded/cast, pressed detergent block and a sponge.

42. A gel element according to claim 39 characterised in that the gel is adapted to hold rough surface.

43. A gel element according to claim 42 characterised in that the rough surface is selected from frosted or rough glass, metal wax.

44. An air freshener comprising a gel element according to claim 33.

45. A lavatory cleanser/deodoriser comprising a gel element according to claim 33.

46. An insecticide, insect attractant, insect repellent, deodoriser or germ killer comprising a gel element according to claim 33.

47. A process of manufacturing a gel according to claim 1 which comprises producing the anhydrous gel at a temperature of up to 130°C.

48. A process of according to claim 47 characterised in that the production is carried out at a temperature of from 60°C.

49. A process of according to claim 48 characterised in that the production is carried out at a temperature of from 60 to 100°C.

50. A gel or a gel element substantially- as- described with reference- to the accompanying examples.

P03₆74₅WO.2