WO2003073538A1 - Active material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes for use in lithium batteries and accumulators - Google Patents

Active material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes for use in lithium batteries and accumulators Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003073538A1
WO2003073538A1 PCT/SI2003/000005 SI0300005W WO03073538A1 WO 2003073538 A1 WO2003073538 A1 WO 2003073538A1 SI 0300005 W SI0300005 W SI 0300005W WO 03073538 A1 WO03073538 A1 WO 03073538A1
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Prior art keywords
lithium
bundles
transition metal
nanotubes
metal dichalcogenide
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PCT/SI2003/000005
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French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Dominko
Miran Gaberscek
Ales Mrzel
Denis Arcon
Maja Remskar
Dragan D. Mihailovic
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Institut 'josef Stefan'
Kemijski Institut
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Priority to AU2003214788A priority Critical patent/AU2003214788A1/en
Publication of WO2003073538A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003073538A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the production and the use of an active electrode material in lithium-ion batteries and accumulators that is based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and on an electronic conductor.
  • the field of the invention is chemical engineering and, more specifically, materials into which lithium ions can be incorporated and respectively released therefrom, and which are suitable for employment in lithium-ion accumulators.
  • the invention relates to the production and the use of a material consisting of bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and of an electronic conductor as active material in lithium-ion batteries and accumulators .
  • Lithium-ion accumulators are based on the incorporation and the release of Li + ions. While the accumulator is charging, Li + ions are incorporated into the negative electrode and released from the positive electrode. Upon .reversal of the potential at the electrodes (in other words, by discharging the battery through a current consumer) , the inverse process takes place (cf . A. R. Armstrong et al . , Nature, vol. 381, 499 (1996)), which is why electrodes are made of materials that allow Li + ions to be incorporated and released. The ⁇ application of oxides and . sulfides as- active materials for electrodes is being intensely investigated (H. Park et al., J. Electrochem. Soc, 142, 1068 (1995) ) .
  • layered crystals of transition metal dichalcogenides are also frequently employed as active cathode material.
  • the layered crystal particles usually measure from 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • lithium is intercalated between individual layers of the crystal (C. A. Vincent and B. Scrosati in "Modern Batteries” , Arnold, London, 1997) . Intercalation of alkali metals into layered transition metal dichalcogenide crystals was first described by R ⁇ dorff (Chimia, 19 r 489 (1965)).
  • layered MoS 2 , TiS 2 and S 2 crystals, and mixtures of said layered crystals with other, , composite materials are utilized ⁇ Anderman et al., Cathodic Electrode, U.S. Pat. No. 4,735,875) .
  • Lithium is inserted between the crystalline layers of layered transition metal chalcogenide crystals in the form of a solvated cation Li + (J. 0. Besenhard et al., Z. Naturforsch. 31b 907 (1976)) .
  • a major limitation to the employment of layered dichalcogenide crystals as active material is represented by the decomposition of the electrolyte ⁇ K. Kumai et al., J. Power Sources 70, 235 (1998)) .
  • the incorporation of lithium into layered MoS 2 crystals occurs at a voltage of 3 V to 0.3 V versus a Li/Li + half-cell (Hearing et al . , Lithium ' '" Molybdenum Bisulphide Battery Cathode; U. S . Pa t . No . 4 ,224 , 390) in multiple stages, being reversible at all stages of incorporation.
  • the average working voltage of the MoS 2 //electrolyte//Li cell is 1.8 V versus a Li/Li + half- cell with a charge capacity of around • 160 mAh/g, which roughly corresponds to the incorporation of 1 mole of lithium per mole of layered molybdenum disulfide crystals, 0.5 moles of lithium being reversibly released in the process .
  • the incorporation of lithium into layered TiS 2 crystals takes place continuously in the potential range of 3 to 1.6 V versus a Li/Li + half-cell.
  • the average working voltage of the TiS 2 //electrolyte//Li cell is 2.1 V versus a Li/Li + half-cell with a charge capacity of around 230 mAh/g.
  • Said capacity roughly corresponds to the incorporation of one mole of lithium per mole of layered titanium disulfide crystals (C. A. Vincent and B . Scrosati in "Modern Batteries" , Arnold, London , 1997) .
  • the object of the invention is to produce and put to use an active electrode material that will enable lithium to be incorporated at desired potentials and in great quantities, allowing high capacities to be attained over a wide temperature range .
  • the object is achieved by preparing an electrode material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and an electronic conductor.
  • Such electrode material is suitable for the construction of an electrode for lithium-ion batteries and accumulators.
  • the object of the invention is attained with the employment of an electrode material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and an electronic conductor as electrode material, which allows lithium to be reversibly incorporated into bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes in lithium-ion batteries and accumulators according to the independent patent claims.
  • one- dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes e. g. MoS 2
  • Figure 1 shows the voltage of the electrode comprising an electrode material based on bundles of one-dimensional MoS 2 nanotubes and a polyaniline-based electronic conductor measured against lithium metal, in three consecutive charge/discharge cycles of the cell.
  • Figure 2 shows the amount of lithium incorporated in charging/discharging as a function of the number of work cycles for the electrode material based on bundles of one- dimensional oS 2 nanotubes and a polyaniline-based electronic conductor.
  • Bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes are mixed with an electronically conductive material (such as sulfonated polyaniline or any other electronic conductor that provides an electrical contact between the bundles of one-dimensional nanotubes and the current collector) with the addition of l-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or another solvent. After drying, the electrode material is recovered.
  • an electronically conductive material such as sulfonated polyaniline or any other electronic conductor that provides an electrical contact between the bundles of one-dimensional nanotubes and the current collector
  • 0.5 to 2 mg of bundles of one-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes are mixed with sulfonated polyaniline and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that after drying, bundles of one-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes constitute 85-99 % by mass.
  • the partially dried mixture (the electrode material) is applied on a copper foil with a diameter of 8 mm.
  • the applied coating is then compressed under a pressure of 1500 kg/cm 2 and dried for 2 to 8 hours under vacuum or inert atmosphere at a temperature of 70 to 120° C.
  • the final thickness is 20-100 ⁇ m.
  • the dried electrode is then transferred to a dry chamber (argon atmosphere, less than 1 ppm H 2 0) and incorporated into an electrochemical cell as the negative electrode.
  • Preferred embodiment 2 Bundles of one-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes are mixed with sulfonated polyaniline and 1- methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that after drying, bundles of one- dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes constitute 1-85 % by mass.
  • the obtained electrode material is processed as described in preferred embodiment 1, yielding an electrode suitable for incorporation into electrochemical cells.
  • the electrochemical reversible capacity of thus obtained electrodes is proportional to the mass fraction of molybdenum sulfide.
  • Bundles of one-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes are mixed with sulfonated polyaniline and 1- methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • the obtained mixture (electrode material) is applied on a metal foil or grid, suitable for performing the functions of both mechanical support and current collector in negative electrodes of lithium accumulators.
  • the partially dried coating is then compressed under a pressure of 100 to 10000 kg/cm 2 , whereupon the electrode is either rolled up in combination with other electrodes and separators, or employed in planar form.
  • the dried electrode is transferred to a dry chamber and used as the negative electrode in an electrochemical cell.
  • an electrochemical half-cell is constructed, wherein the negative (working) electrode is identical or similar to the electrode of preferred embodiments 1, 2 or 3.
  • the positive (auxiliary) and reference electrodes are made of metal lithium.
  • the technical implementation of the three-electrode cell may be identical to the cell described by M. Gaberscek et al. in Electrochem and Solid State Lett . 3, 1 71 (2000) .
  • the incorporation of lithium into the negative electrode and its release therefrom takes place at a constant current 10- 25 m ⁇ /g, while the potential of the negative electrode varies between 3.0 and ' 0.0 V versus the reference lithium electrode.
  • the plot of the electrical potential of the negative electrode during the incorporation and the release of lithium can be seen in Figure 1.
  • an electrochemical half-cell is constructed, wherein the negative (working) electrode is identical to the electrode of preferred embodiments 1, 2 or 3.
  • the construction of the auxiliary and reference electrodes, and likewise the technical implementation of the cell as such may be chosen arbitrarily.
  • the incorporation of lithium into the negative electrode and its release therefrom occurs at a constant or variable current between 0.1 and 1000 mA/g, while the potential of the negative electrode varies between 3.0 and Q.O V versus the potential of a Li/Li + half-cell.
  • the electrode material based on bundles of one- dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes for manufacturing electrode material is characterized in that beside the bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes it also contains an electronic conductor and affords reversible electrochemical incorporation and release of lithium in the potential range of 3.0 V to 0 V versus the potential of a Li/Li + electrochemical half-cell.
  • the percentage of the bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes contained in the electrode material is 1-99 %, the remainder consisting of an electronic conductor and additives in the form of other conductive compounds and composites.
  • the incorporation of lithium takes place in the temperature range of -20° C to +60° C.

Abstract

The invention relates to the production and utilization of an electrode material in lithium-ion batteries and accumulators that is based on one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and an electronic conductor. The material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and an electronic conductor affords incorporation of lithium into lithium-ion batteries and incorporation of lithium into lithium-ion accumulators. The amount of lithium incorporated into the material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and an electronic conductor depends upon the percentage of the active material and upon the construction thereof and may amount up to 3.2 moles (2.3 moles on average) of lithium per mole of transition metal chalcogenides. The average voltage of the release of lithium from the active material based on bundles of one-dimensional MoS2 nanotubes and an electronic conductor is 1.1 V as measured against a Li/Li+ half-cell.

Description

ACTIVE MATERIAL BASED ON BUNDLES OF ONE DIMENSIONAL TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDE NANOTUBES FOR USE IN LITHIUM BATTERIES AND ACCUMULATORS
The Object of the Invention, Technical Field
The invention relates to the production and the use of an active electrode material in lithium-ion batteries and accumulators that is based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and on an electronic conductor. The field of the invention is chemical engineering and, more specifically, materials into which lithium ions can be incorporated and respectively released therefrom, and which are suitable for employment in lithium-ion accumulators. The invention relates to the production and the use of a material consisting of bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and of an electronic conductor as active material in lithium-ion batteries and accumulators .
Background to the Invention and Prior Art
Lithium-ion accumulators are based on the incorporation and the release of Li+ ions. While the accumulator is charging, Li+ ions are incorporated into the negative electrode and released from the positive electrode. Upon .reversal of the potential at the electrodes (in other words, by discharging the battery through a current consumer) , the inverse process takes place (cf . A. R. Armstrong et al . , Nature, vol. 381, 499 (1996)), which is why electrodes are made of materials that allow Li+ ions to be incorporated and released. The ■ application of oxides and . sulfides as- active materials for electrodes is being intensely investigated (H. Park et al., J. Electrochem. Soc, 142, 1068 (1995) ) .
In the subclass of lithium-ion accumulators attaining current densities in the range of 1 μAcπf2 to 1 mAcirf2, layered crystals of transition metal dichalcogenides are also frequently employed as active cathode material. The layered crystal particles usually measure from 1 to 100 μm. In layered transition metal dichalcogenide crystals, lithium is intercalated between individual layers of the crystal (C. A. Vincent and B. Scrosati in "Modern Batteries" , Arnold, London, 1997) . Intercalation of alkali metals into layered transition metal dichalcogenide crystals was first described by Rϋdorff (Chimia, 19 r 489 (1965)). Generally, layered MoS2, TiS2 and S2 crystals, and mixtures of said layered crystals with other, , composite materials are utilized {Anderman et al., Cathodic Electrode, U.S. Pat. No. 4,735,875) . Lithium is inserted between the crystalline layers of layered transition metal chalcogenide crystals in the form of a solvated cation Li+ (J. 0. Besenhard et al., Z. Naturforsch. 31b 907 (1976)) . A major limitation to the employment of layered dichalcogenide crystals as active material is represented by the decomposition of the electrolyte {K. Kumai et al., J. Power Sources 70, 235 (1998)) .
Incorporation of lithium into carbon multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) is also known and described, where lithium is incorporated into the wall of the carbon nanotube [E. Frackowiak et al., Carbon 37, 61-69 (1999)), or into the inter-tubular channels of the bundles of carbon single- walled nanotubes (SWNT) (Zhou 0. Z.: Nano-based High Energy Material and Method; U. S. Pat. No. 6,280,697)) . An example of intercalated, fullerene-like inorganic structures used BS active material has also been described {Homyonfer et al . , Method for Preparation of Metal Intercalated Fullerene-like Chalcogenides , ϋ. S . Pat . No . 6,21 7, 843) .
After sifting the Japanese, European and U. S. patent databases and papers published from 1991 on, it was evident that the application of bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes as active material in lithium-ion accumulators has not yet been described.
Incorpora tion of Lithium Into Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Crystals
The incorporation of lithium into layered MoS2 crystals occurs at a voltage of 3 V to 0.3 V versus a Li/Li+ half-cell (Hearing et al . , Lithium ''" Molybdenum Bisulphide Battery Cathode; U. S . Pa t . No . 4 ,224 , 390) in multiple stages, being reversible at all stages of incorporation. The average working voltage of the MoS2//electrolyte//Li cell is 1.8 V versus a Li/Li+ half- cell with a charge capacity of around • 160 mAh/g, which roughly corresponds to the incorporation of 1 mole of lithium per mole of layered molybdenum disulfide crystals, 0.5 moles of lithium being reversibly released in the process .
The incorporation of lithium into layered TiS2 crystals takes place continuously in the potential range of 3 to 1.6 V versus a Li/Li+ half-cell. The average working voltage of the TiS2//electrolyte//Li cell is 2.1 V versus a Li/Li+ half-cell with a charge capacity of around 230 mAh/g. Said capacity roughly corresponds to the incorporation of one mole of lithium per mole of layered titanium disulfide crystals (C. A. Vincent and B . Scrosati in "Modern Batteries" , Arnold, London , 1997) .
Technical Problem
The known solutions for incorporating lithium into layered transition metal dichalcogenide crystals exhibit the following disadvantages:
• incorporation of lithium into layered transition metal dichalcogenide crystals occurs at higher potentials than those desired for electrodes in lithium-ion accumulators;
• the amount of lithium incorporated into layered transition metal dichalcogenide crystals is relatively small;
• due to the simultaneous intercalation of solvated electrolyte molecules Li+(solv.) between the crystal layers in layered transition metal crystals} capacity is reduced.
The Object of the Invention
The object of the invention is to produce and put to use an active electrode material that will enable lithium to be incorporated at desired potentials and in great quantities, allowing high capacities to be attained over a wide temperature range .
In accordance with the invention, the object is achieved by preparing an electrode material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and an electronic conductor. Such electrode material is suitable for the construction of an electrode for lithium-ion batteries and accumulators. The object of the invention is attained with the employment of an electrode material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and an electronic conductor as electrode material, which allows lithium to be reversibly incorporated into bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes in lithium-ion batteries and accumulators according to the independent patent claims. In bundles of one-dimensional dichalcogenide tubes, the problem of simultaneous intercalation of solvated electrolyte molecules is overcome by the selectivity of the intercalation spaces, which are large enough for lithium to be incorporated into the active material, but too small for solvated electrolyte molecules to be co-intercalated simultaneously.
The technical problem is solved with the preparation and utilization of an active material of the general formula of transition metal dichalcogenides in combination with an electronic conductor as electrode material. Compared to prior-art layered crystals, this new material has a different structure which enables lithium to be incorporated in . larger quantities, while the incorporation of lithium takes place close to the potential of the lithium metal.
Description of the Solution
The technical problem is solved by:
A) preparing a material based on bundles of one- dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes (e. g. MoS2) and an electronic conductor. B) using said material to form an electrode capable of reversibly incorporating and releasing lithium.
Description of the drawings:
Figure 1 shows the voltage of the electrode comprising an electrode material based on bundles of one-dimensional MoS2 nanotubes and a polyaniline-based electronic conductor measured against lithium metal, in three consecutive charge/discharge cycles of the cell.
Figure 2 shows the amount of lithium incorporated in charging/discharging as a function of the number of work cycles for the electrode material based on bundles of one- dimensional oS2 nanotubes and a polyaniline-based electronic conductor.
A) Preparation of an electrode material based on bundles of one-dimensional M0S2 nanotubes and an electronic conductor
Bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes are mixed with an electronically conductive material (such as sulfonated polyaniline or any other electronic conductor that provides an electrical contact between the bundles of one-dimensional nanotubes and the current collector) with the addition of l-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or another solvent. After drying, the electrode material is recovered.
B) Formation of an electrode from the electrode ma terial based on bundles of one-dimensional MoS2 nanotubes and an electronic conductor The partially dried electrode material is applied on a metal foil, compressed under pressure and dried. After drying, the electrode is obtained. The electrode is then transferred into a dry chamber with inert atmosphere (less than 1 ppm water and less than 2 ppm oxygen) and incorporated into an electrochemical cell as the negative electrode. Using a counterelectrode and an electrolyte, lithium is electrochemically incorporated into the negative electrode and released therefrom. The incorporation and release of lithium is proved by the reversible variation of the electrochemical potential between 3 V and 0 V versus the electrochemical potential of the reference Li/Li"1 electrode .
Preferred embodiment 1
0.5 to 2 mg of bundles of one-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes are mixed with sulfonated polyaniline and l-methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that after drying, bundles of one-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes constitute 85-99 % by mass. The partially dried mixture (the electrode material) is applied on a copper foil with a diameter of 8 mm. The applied coating is then compressed under a pressure of 1500 kg/cm2 and dried for 2 to 8 hours under vacuum or inert atmosphere at a temperature of 70 to 120° C. The final thickness is 20-100 μm. The dried electrode is then transferred to a dry chamber (argon atmosphere, less than 1 ppm H20) and incorporated into an electrochemical cell as the negative electrode.
Preferred embodiment 2 Bundles of one-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes are mixed with sulfonated polyaniline and 1- methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that after drying, bundles of one- dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes constitute 1-85 % by mass. The obtained electrode material is processed as described in preferred embodiment 1, yielding an electrode suitable for incorporation into electrochemical cells. The electrochemical reversible capacity of thus obtained electrodes is proportional to the mass fraction of molybdenum sulfide.
Preferred embodiment 3
Bundles of one-dimensional molybdenum disulfide nanotubes are mixed with sulfonated polyaniline and 1- methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The obtained mixture (electrode material) is applied on a metal foil or grid, suitable for performing the functions of both mechanical support and current collector in negative electrodes of lithium accumulators. The partially dried coating is then compressed under a pressure of 100 to 10000 kg/cm2, whereupon the electrode is either rolled up in combination with other electrodes and separators, or employed in planar form. The dried electrode is transferred to a dry chamber and used as the negative electrode in an electrochemical cell. i
Preferred embodiment 4
In a dry chamber, an electrochemical half-cell is constructed, wherein the negative (working) electrode is identical or similar to the electrode of preferred embodiments 1, 2 or 3. The positive (auxiliary) and reference electrodes are made of metal lithium. The technical implementation of the three-electrode cell may be identical to the cell described by M. Gaberscek et al. in Electrochem and Solid State Lett . 3, 1 71 (2000) . The incorporation of lithium into the negative electrode and its release therefrom takes place at a constant current 10- 25 mΑ/g, while the potential of the negative electrode varies between 3.0 and ' 0.0 V versus the reference lithium electrode. The plot of the electrical potential of the negative electrode during the incorporation and the release of lithium can be seen in Figure 1. The graphs in Figure 1 clearly show that up to 2.3 moles of Li per mole of MoS2 are incorporated into the negative electrode. At least .0.6 moles of Li per mole of MoS2 are reversibly incorporated in the process. Although the percentage of reversibly incorporated Li monotonously decreases with the number of cycles, it tends toward a final value of 0.4-0.5 moles of Li per mole of MoS2 (Figure 2) .
Preferred embodiment 5
In a dry chamber, an electrochemical half-cell is constructed, wherein the negative (working) electrode is identical to the electrode of preferred embodiments 1, 2 or 3. The construction of the auxiliary and reference electrodes, and likewise the technical implementation of the cell as such may be chosen arbitrarily. The incorporation of lithium into the negative electrode and its release therefrom occurs at a constant or variable current between 0.1 and 1000 mA/g, while the potential of the negative electrode varies between 3.0 and Q.O V versus the potential of a Li/Li+ half-cell. The electrode material based on bundles of one- dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes for manufacturing electrode material is characterized in that beside the bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes it also contains an electronic conductor and affords reversible electrochemical incorporation and release of lithium in the potential range of 3.0 V to 0 V versus the potential of a Li/Li+ electrochemical half-cell. The percentage of the bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes contained in the electrode material is 1-99 %, the remainder consisting of an electronic conductor and additives in the form of other conductive compounds and composites. The incorporation of lithium takes place in the temperature range of -20° C to +60° C.

Claims

Patent Claims
Active material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes, characterized in that beside the bundles of one- dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes it also contains an electronic conductor and affords reversible electrochemical incorporation and release of lithium in the potential range of 3.0 V to 0 V versus the potential of a Li/Li+ electrochemical half-cell. Active material according to Claim 1, characterized in that the percentage of the bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes contained in the electrode material is 1-99 %. Active material according to Claim 2, characterized in that the electronic conductor is a conductive polymer that provides an electrical contact between the bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes and the current collector. The employment of material according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an electrode for use in lithium batteries, accumulators and similar galvanic cells is constructed from said material. The employment of material according to Claim 4, characterized in that the incorporation of lithium takes place in the temperature range of -20° C to +60° C.
PCT/SI2003/000005 2002-02-27 2003-02-20 Active material based on bundles of one-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes for use in lithium batteries and accumulators WO2003073538A1 (en)

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Cited By (6)

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EP1702374A1 (en) * 2003-12-30 2006-09-20 LG Chem, Ltd. Ionic liquid-modified cathode and electrochemical device using the same
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US8262942B2 (en) 2008-02-07 2012-09-11 The George Washington University Hollow carbon nanosphere based secondary cell electrodes
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