WO2003042446A1 - Cover sheet for personal care products - Google Patents
Cover sheet for personal care products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003042446A1 WO2003042446A1 PCT/US2002/013530 US0213530W WO03042446A1 WO 2003042446 A1 WO2003042446 A1 WO 2003042446A1 US 0213530 W US0213530 W US 0213530W WO 03042446 A1 WO03042446 A1 WO 03042446A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liner
- layer
- fibers
- hydrophilic
- hydrophobic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241001116389 Aloe Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 pulp Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010021639 Incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004914 menses Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000344 non-irritating Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- MJBPUQUGJNAPAZ-AWEZNQCLSA-N Butin Natural products C1([C@@H]2CC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3O2)O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 MJBPUQUGJNAPAZ-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJBPUQUGJNAPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butine Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=CC=C2C(=O)CC1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 MJBPUQUGJNAPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011176 pooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036559 skin health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004834 spray adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/512—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
Definitions
- the present invention concerns liners, top sheets or cover sheets for personal care products like feminine hygiene products, diapers, training pants and the like.
- Liners are designed to be permeable to liquid and to be non-irritating to the skin since they are the outermost layer of a personal care product and so in contact with the wearer. Liners feel soft to the skin and allow urine and menses to penetrate quite easily. Liners have been made from various materials including nonwoven webs, apertured films, foams and combinations thereof.
- the nonwovens and films may be made from synthetic polymers, including polyolefins like polyethylene and polypropylene.
- the nonwovens may also be made from natural fibers or combinations of natural and synthetic fibers. Liners may also be made from creped materials such as creped nonwoven webs.
- Liners have advanced significantly over the years, though rewet of the wearer's skin and leakage, especially in the case of feminine hygiene products, remains an important issue. There remains a need, therefore, for a liner that will rapidly take in fluids like urine and menses and retard or prevent it from moving upwardly towards the wearer again.
- the liner has a hydrophilic first apertured nonwoven layer laminated with a hydrophobic second apertured nonwoven layer.
- the apertures may be aligned.
- the first layer may, further, be made of durably hydrophilic fibers and the second of non-durably hydrophilic fibers (later made hydrophobic).
- the liner may be made by a spunlace process.
- the liner may further have a treatment applied to the hydrophilic layer, where the treatment is aloe, vitamin E, mineral oil, baking soda and combinations thereof.
- Another embodiment of the liner of the present invention has a first nonwoven layer made from staple, naturally hydrophilic fibers hydroentangled to form a laminate with a second nonwoven layer made from hydrophobic fibers, where the laminate is apertured with an area of 10 to 50 percent.
- the liner may further have a first layer made from hydrophilic fibers of rayon, pulp, cotton, naturally hydrophilic fibers, and mixtures thereof.
- the hydrophobic fioers may be made from polymers like polyolefins, polyesters, acrylics and mixtures thereof. Also provided is a pantiliner having a liquid permeable liner, a liquid impervious baffle, and an absorbent core positioned therebetween.
- the liner has a hydrophilic first apertured nonwoven layer laminated according to a spunlace process with a hydrophobic second apertured nonwoven layer. The apertures of the first layer and the second layer may be aligned.
- the liner of this invention may be used in other personal care products like diapers, training pants, disposable swim wear, absorbent underpants, adult incontinence products, bandages, veterinary and mortuary products, and feminine hygiene products like sanitary napkins.
- the layers may be apertured simultaneously to produce aligned apertures.
- FIGURES Figure 1 is a diagram of a rate block used in testing the materials of this invention.
- Disposable includes being disposed of after a single use and not intended to be washed and reused.
- Hydrophilic describes fibers or the surfaces of fibers that are wetted by the aqueous liquids in contact with the fibers.
- the degree of wetting of the materials can, in turn, be described in terms of the contact angles and the surface tensions of the liquids and materials involved.
- Equipment and techniques suitable for measuring the wettability of particular fiber materials can be provided by a Cahn SFA-222 Surface Force Analyzer System, or a substantially equivalent system. When measured with this system, fibers having contact angles less than 90° are designated “wettable” or hydrophilic, while fibers having contact angles equal to or greater than to 90° are designated “nonwettable” or hydrophobic.
- nonwoven fabric or web means a web having a structure of individual fibers or threads which are interlaid, but not in an identifiable manner as in a knitted fabric.
- Nonwoven fabrics or webs have been formed from many processes such as for example, meltblowing processes, spunbonding processes, and bonded carded web processes.
- the basis weight of nonwoven fabrics is usually expressed in ounces of material per square yard (osy) or grams per square meter (gsm) and the fiber diameters useful are usually expressed in microns. (Note that to convert from osy to gsm, multiply osy by 33.91 ).
- meltblown fibers means fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as molten threads or filaments into converging high velocity, usually hot, gas (e.g. air) streams which attenuate the filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter, which may be to microfiber diameter. Thereafter, the meltblown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited on a collecting surface to form a web of randomly dispersed meltblown fibers.
- gas e.g. air
- spunbonded fibers refers to small diameter fibers that are formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality of fine capillaries of a spinneret. Such a process is disclosed in, for example, US Patent 4,340,563 to Appel et al. and US Patent 3,802,817 to Matsuki et al.
- the fibers may also have shapes such as those described, for example, in US Patents 5,277,976 to Hogle et al. which describes fibers with unconventional shapes.
- hydroentangling means a process wherein a nonwoven web, or layers of a non-woven web, are subjected to streams of a non-compressible fluid, e.g., water, at a high enough energy level and for a sufficient time to entangle the fibers thereof.
- a non-compressible fluid e.g., water
- the fluid may advantageously be used at a pressure of between about 200 and 5000 psig (14 - 351 kg/cm 2 gauge) from a distance of a few inches (centimeters) above the web while the web is supported by a mesh structure. This process is described in detail in US Patent 3,486,168 to Evans et al. incorporated herein by reference.
- Nonwoven webs subjected to hydroentangling are referred to as, for example, "spunlace" fabrics.
- “Bonded carded web” refers to webs that are made from staple fibers which are sent through a combing or carding unit, which separates or breaks apart and aligns the staple fibers in the machine direction to form a generally machine direction-oriented fibrous nonwoven web. This material may be bonded together by methods that include point bonding, through air bonding, ultrasonic bonding, adhesive bonding, etc.
- Airlaying is a well-known process by which a fibrous nonwoven layer can be formed.
- bundles of small fibers having typical lengths ranging from about 3 to about 52 millimeters (mm) are separated and entrained in an air supply and then deposited onto a forming screen, usually with the assistance of a vacuum supply.
- the randomly deposited fibers then are bonded to one another using, for example, hot air or a spray adhesive.
- Airlaying is taught in, for example, US Patent 4,640,810 to Laursen et al.
- Personal care product means products for the absorption of body exudates, such as diapers, training pants, disposable swim wear, absorbent underpants, adult incontinence products, bandages, veterinary and mortuary products, and feminine hygiene products like sanitary napkins and pantiliners.
- Target area refers to the area or position on a personal care product where an insult is normally delivered by a wearer.
- Basis Weight A circular sample of 3 inches (7.6 cm) diameter is cut and weighed using a balance. Weight is recorded in grams. The weight is divided by the sample area. Five samples are measured and averaged.
- Material caliper (thickness) The caliper of a material is a measure of thickness and is measured at 0.05 psi (3.5 g/cm 2 ) with a STARRET® bulk tester, in units of millimeters. Samples are cut into 4 inch by 4 inch (10.2 cm by 10.2 cm) squares and five samples are tested and the results averaged.
- Density The density of the materials is calculated by dividing the weight per unit area of a sample in grams per square meter (gsm) by the material caliper in millimeters (mm). The caliper should be measured at 0.05 psi (3.5 g/cm 2 ) as mentioned above. The result is multiplied by 0.001 to convert the value to grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc). A total of five samples would be evaluated and averaged for the density values.
- Absorption Time and Rewet This test is used to examine the fluid handling properties of a fabric. The following procedure and equipment are used: 1. Stack nonwoven intake test sample on top of fluff pad. Record dry weights, dimensions and thickness of each layer. 2. Center rate block on top of sample . A funnel is placed in a small upper hole in the rate block.
- the rate block 10 is 3 inches (76.2 mm) wide and 2.87 inches (72.9 mm) deep (into the page) and has an overall height of 1.125 inches (28.6 mm) which includes a center area 19 on the bottom of the rate block 10 that projects farther from the main body of the rate block 10 and has a height of 0.125 inches (3.2 mm) and a width of 0.886 inches (22.5 mm).
- the rate block 10 has a capillary 12 with an inside diameter of 0.186 inches (4.7 mm) that extends diagonally downward from one side 15 to the center line 16 at an angle of 21.8 degrees from the horizontal.
- the capillary 12 may be made by drilling the appropriately sized hole from the side 15 of the rate block 10 at the proper angle beginning at a point 0.726 inches (18.4 mm) above the bottom of the rate block 10; provided, however, that the starting point of the drill hole in the side 15 must be subsequently plugged so that test fluid will not escape there.
- the top hole 17 has a diameter of 0.312 inches (7.9 mm), and a depth of 0.625 inches (15.9 mm) so that it intersects the capillary 12.
- the top hole 1 is perpendicular to the top of the rate block 10 and is centered 0.28 inches (7.1 mm) from the side 15.
- the top hole 17 is the aperture into which the funnel 11 is placed.
- the center hole 18 is for the purpose of viewing the progression of the test fluid and is actually of an oval shape into the plane of Figure 1.
- the center hole 18 is centered width-wise on the rate block 10 and has a bottom hole width of 0.315 inches (8 mm) and length of 1.50 inches (38.1 mm) from center to center of 0.315 inch (8 mm) diameter semi-circles making up the ends of the oval.
- the oval enlarges in size above 0.44 inches (11.2 mm) from the bottom of the rate block 10, for ease of viewing, to a width of 0.395 inches (10 mm) and a length of 1.930 inches (49 mm).
- the top hole 17 and center hole 18 may also be made by drilling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- Modern personal care products usually have an outer cover, an inner core portion and a liner that goes against the wearer's skin.
- the outer cover or "baffle” is designed to be impermeable to liquid in order to keep the clothing or bedding of the wearer from becoming soiled.
- the impermeable baffle is preferably made from a thin film and is generally made from plastic though other materials may be used. Nonwoven webs, films or film coated nonwovens may be used as the baffle as well. Suitable film compositions for the baffle include polyethylene film which may have an initial thickness of from about 0.5 mil (0.012 millimeter) to about 5.0 mil (0.12 millimeter).
- the baffle may optionally be composed of a vapor or gas permeable, microporous "breathable" material, that is permeable to vapors or gas yet substantially impermeable to liquid.
- Breathability can be imparted in polymer films by, for example, using fillers in the film polymer formulation, extruding the filler/polymer formulation into a film and then stretching the film sufficiently to create voids around the filler particles, thereby making the film breathable.
- fillers in the film polymer formulation extruding the filler/polymer formulation into a film and then stretching the film sufficiently to create voids around the filler particles, thereby making the film breathable.
- Other suitable thermoplastic materials like other olefins, nylons, polyesters or copolymers of, for example, polyethylene and polypropylene may also be used.
- the core portion of a personal care product is designed to absorb liquids and secondarily to contain solids.
- the core known also as an absorbent core, a retention layer, and the like, may be made with pulp and/or superabsorbent materials. These materials absorb liquids quite quickly and efficiently in order to minimize leakage. Core materials may be made according to a number of processes including the coform process, airlaying, and bonding and carding and should be between 50 and 350 gsm.
- Various other layers may be included in some personal care products. These include surge layers, usually placed between the liner and core and designed, as the name suggests, to contain large surges of liquid so that the core may absorb it over time. Distribution layers also are included in many personal care products. Distribution layers are usually located next to the core and accept liquid from the surge or liner layer and distribute it to other areas of the core. In this manner, rather than absorbing liquid exclusively in the vicinity of the target area, more of the absorbent core is used.
- the liner is designed to be highly permeable to liquid and to be non-irritating to the skin.
- the liner may optionally have more than one layer or may have one layer in a central area with multiple layers in the side areas.
- the opposite configuration is also possible with two or more layers in the central area and only one on the sides.
- More sophisticated types of liners may incorporate treatments of lotions or medicaments to improve the environment near the skin or to actually improve skin health. Such treatments include aloe, vitamin E, mineral oil, baking soda and other preparations as may be known or developed by those skilled in the art. These treatments are applied to the surface of the liner which will be in contact with the skin of the wearer.
- hydrophilic layer as the outermost bodyside part of the liner, in contact with the wearer. This results in a very rapid absorption of fluids.
- a hydrophilic liner over an absorbent core will in many cases allow liquid to move upwardly from the core toward the wearer again and “rewet" the skin of the wearer. It will also allow liquid to spread from the target area to the sides of the pad so that the stained area is much larger than that, for example, of a film covered pad.
- hydrophobic layer If a hydrophobic layer is placed below the hydrophilic liner, the ability of liquid to move upwardly from the wetted core is significantly reduced. This results in much better "rewet" values, smaller stain sizes, reduced stain color intensity, and helps keep the wearer drier.
- a hydrophobic layer immediately below the hydrophilic layer also impedes the movement of liquid from the wearer to the absorbent core, causing pooling of liquid on the liner. This can ultimately result in runoff and staining of the clothing and bedding, the very problem that the hydrophobic layer was attempting to solve.
- the inventors have solved the problem posed by the hydrophobic layer in two ways; by aperturing the layers and by joining them using a laminating process involving no chemical or thermal bonding processes.
- Aperturing of the hydrophilic layer and hydrophobic layer provides a rapid, open pathway to the absorbent core for liquid from the surface of the liner. This solves the problem posed by the hydrophobic layer's barrier to liquid passage. Once liquid passes through the apertures, it tends to spread out below the hydrophobic layer and go into the absorbent core. Since the apertures are but a small percentage of the surface area of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic liner, the amount of liquid going back upward through them is significantly smaller than the amount of liquid that can pass upwardly through the hydrophilic liner alone.
- Aperturing of the laminate may occur after, during or before hydroentangling, which is discussed below, though doing so afterwards is preferred. Aperturing may be carried out by any means known in the art, including using mechanical pin aperturing, by die cutting or by forming the materials in such a way that they are produced with holes in place.
- the apertures may also be made through the use of high pressure water jets, which may occur while the fabrics are being hydroentangled.
- the surface area of the liner may be apertured to produce from between 10 and 50 percent open area, more particularly between 20 and 40 percent, and still more particularly about 25 percent.
- the fibers from which the hydrophilic layer may be made include naturally hydrophilic fibers such as cotton and Rayon, or synthetic fibers that are naturally hydrophobic but which have been treated to be hydrophilic. If the fibers are synthetic fibers treated to be hydrophilic, the treatment must be sufficiently durable to withstand the rigors of hydroentangling. It is not required that all of the fibers of the layer be hydrophilic, just that the layer be predominately hydrophilic.
- the layer may be made from a blend of fibers.
- the fibers from which the hydrophobic layer may be made include naturally hydrophobic fibers like synthetic polymer fibers. It is not required that all of the fibers of the layer be hydrophobic, just that the layer be predominately hydrophobic.
- the layer may be made from a blend of fibers. As mentioned above, hydroentangling can also be used to remove a previously applied non-durable hydrophilic surface treatment from the hydrophobic layer during processing, thus rendering it hydrophobic again.
- the fibrous layers of this invention may be made from any nonwoven process know in the art, including airlaying, spunbonding, meltblowing and carding of staple fibers.
- the layers may have basis weights from 0.25 to 3 osy (8.5 to 102 gsm) each.
- Synthetic fibers include those made from polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, acrylics, LYOCELL® regenerated cellulose, Lenzing's viscose rayon, and any other suitable hydrophobic synthetic fibers known to those skilled in the art.
- Many polyolefins are available for fiber production, for example polyethylenes such as Dow Chemical's ASPUN® 6811 A liner low density polyethylene, 2553 LLDPE and 25355 and 12350 high density polyethylene are such suitable polymers.
- the polyethylenes have melt flow rates, respectively, of about 26, 40, 25 and 12.
- Fiber forming polypropylenes include Kolon Glotec's T-1001 , Exxon Chemical Company's ESCORENE® PD 3445 and Montell Chemical Co.'s PF304. Other polyolefins are also available. Fibers having a lower melting polymer component, like conjugate and biconstituent fibers are suitable for use as well. Such fibers include conjugate fibers of polyolefins, polyamides and polyesters like the sheath core conjugate fibers available from KoSa Inc. (Charlotte, North Carolina) under the designation T-255 and T-256. Natural fibers include wool, cotton, flax, hemp and wood pulp. Wood pulps include standard softwood fluffing grade such as CR-1654 (US Alliance Pulp Mills, Coosa, Alabama). Pulp may be modified in order to enhance the inherent characteristics of the fibers and their processability.
- CR-1654 US Alliance Pulp Mills, Coosa, Alabama
- the bodyside layer of this invention is preferably made from a blend of hydrophilic fibers with a minor amount of hydrophobic fibers.
- the hydrophilic fibers should be present in an amount from about 50 to 100 percent, more particularly from 70 to 100 weight percent and still more particularly 80 - 100 weight percent.
- the layer away from the body should have predominately hydrophobic fibers.
- the low cost of polypropylene fibers makes it an excellent choice for such a product and polypropylene fibers in an amount of as much as 100 weight percent may be used.
- Blends of polypropylene with other fibers like PET also function well. The following helps illustrate the invention.
- a two layer laminate was made having a top or bodyside facing layer and a bottom or absorbent core facing layer.
- the top layer was a 0.40 osy (13.5 gsm) carded web and had 90 weight percent Rayon, naturally hydrophilic fiber and 10 weight percent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers.
- the bottom layer was a 0.47 osy (16.5 gsm) carded web having 73 weight percent PET and 27 weight percent polypropylene (PP) fibers.
- the layers were hydroentangled at a water pressure of 435 - 725 psi (30 - 51 kgf/cm 2 ) and apertured afterwards at a density of approximately 50 apertures per cm 2 by the hydroentanglement process at 580 psi (41 kgf/cm 2 ).
- the apertures were approximately 0.06 mm in diameter or about 0.3 mm 2 in area.
- the apertures were roughly diamond shaped because the mesh upon which the laminate was supported was diamond shaped. Support media with other shapes would result in other shapes and sizes for the apertures.
- Control A single layer liner having hydrophilic properties.
- the liner was made from 80 weight percent Rayon and 20 weight percent PET fibers. This liner had a basis weight of 0.89 osy (30 gsm) and was apertured in the same manner and pattern as Example 1.
- Example 1 and Control were tested according to the intake rate and rewet tests above and the results given in the Table. It's clear that the liner of this invention had a faster intake rate than that of the control liner. The rewet rate is also better. It was further noted that, in a comparison test using equal amounts of swine blood, the stain size was different for the Control and Example 1. The stain length was about the same, but the shape and width was different, with the Control having a wider, more elliptical shape and Example 1 having a narrower, more rectangular shape. Table
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003544254A JP2005509468A (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2002-04-30 | Cover sheet for personal care products |
BR0213799-2A BR0213799A (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2002-04-30 | Process for producing a coating for personal care products |
KR1020047006373A KR100865417B1 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2002-04-30 | Cover sheet for personal care products |
MXPA04003967A MXPA04003967A (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2002-04-30 | Cover sheet for personal care products. |
EP02731573A EP1448830A1 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2002-04-30 | Cover sheet for personal care products |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/990,787 | 2001-11-14 | ||
US09/990,787 US20030093046A1 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2001-11-14 | Cover sheet for personal care products |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003042446A1 true WO2003042446A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
Family
ID=25536526
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/013530 WO2003042446A1 (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2002-04-30 | Cover sheet for personal care products |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030093046A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1448830A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005509468A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100865417B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1582349A (en) |
AR (1) | AR036639A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0213799A (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04003967A (en) |
TW (1) | TWI248355B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003042446A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200403286B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7172801B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2007-02-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tufted laminate web |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4244128B2 (en) * | 2002-10-03 | 2009-03-25 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Surface sheet for interlabial pad construction and interlabial pad |
US20040087924A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-06 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Semi-hydrophobic cover for an absorbent product |
US20060093788A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Disposable food preparation mats, cutting sheets, placemats, and the like |
US7914866B2 (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2011-03-29 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Sleeved tissue product |
WO2007038965A1 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-12 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent article comprising a contraphilic polymer |
US20070093157A1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-04-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | High speed, pressure bonded, thin sheet laminate |
US8502013B2 (en) | 2007-03-05 | 2013-08-06 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent article |
US7935207B2 (en) | 2007-03-05 | 2011-05-03 | Procter And Gamble Company | Absorbent core for disposable absorbent article |
KR100937688B1 (en) | 2009-05-18 | 2010-01-20 | 프로테인바이오텍스(주) | Manufacturing method of functional topsheet made from vegetable fibers |
CN101775701B (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-11-16 | 稳健实业(深圳)有限公司 | One-way moisture-transfer all-cotton spunlaced nonwoven as well as product and preparation method thereof |
US20130089747A1 (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2013-04-11 | William Maxwell Allen, Jr. | Fibers of Polymer-Wax Compositions |
US9394637B2 (en) | 2012-12-13 | 2016-07-19 | Jacob Holm & Sons Ag | Method for production of a hydroentangled airlaid web and products obtained therefrom |
CN106535842B (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2020-07-17 | 凯希特许有限公司 | Dressing with fluid acquisition and distribution features |
MX2017003116A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2017-05-23 | Procter & Gamble | Nonwoven web. |
JP6203907B1 (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-09-27 | 大王製紙株式会社 | Absorbent articles |
JP7547141B2 (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2024-09-09 | 大王製紙株式会社 | Disposable clothing items |
Citations (5)
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EP0312118A2 (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-19 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article |
EP0317058A1 (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1989-05-24 | Hercules Incorporated | Absorbent product with hydrophobic liquid transfer layer |
US6204210B1 (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 2001-03-20 | Avgol, Ltd. | Composite nonwoven material fabrication, process and application to absorbent hygienic articles |
WO2001072251A1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Co-apertured systems for hygienic products |
WO2001076524A1 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Textured, microapertured webs and absorbent articles using such webs |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19713189A1 (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-01 | Kimberly Clark Gmbh | Personal hygiene product applied to the human skin |
JP3587677B2 (en) * | 1998-03-26 | 2004-11-10 | ユニ・チャーム株式会社 | Liquid permeable surface sheet for body fluid absorbing articles |
US6461716B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2002-10-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apertured webs having permanent hydrophilicity and absorbent articles using such webs |
-
2001
- 2001-11-14 US US09/990,787 patent/US20030093046A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-04-30 MX MXPA04003967A patent/MXPA04003967A/en unknown
- 2002-04-30 CN CNA028219147A patent/CN1582349A/en active Pending
- 2002-04-30 BR BR0213799-2A patent/BR0213799A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-30 KR KR1020047006373A patent/KR100865417B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-04-30 WO PCT/US2002/013530 patent/WO2003042446A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-04-30 EP EP02731573A patent/EP1448830A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-04-30 JP JP2003544254A patent/JP2005509468A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-09-26 AR ARP020103628A patent/AR036639A1/en unknown
- 2002-11-13 TW TW091133231A patent/TWI248355B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-04-30 ZA ZA200403286A patent/ZA200403286B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
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EP0317058A1 (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1989-05-24 | Hercules Incorporated | Absorbent product with hydrophobic liquid transfer layer |
EP0312118A2 (en) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-19 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article |
US6204210B1 (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 2001-03-20 | Avgol, Ltd. | Composite nonwoven material fabrication, process and application to absorbent hygienic articles |
WO2001072251A1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-04 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Co-apertured systems for hygienic products |
WO2001076524A1 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Textured, microapertured webs and absorbent articles using such webs |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7172801B2 (en) | 2002-12-20 | 2007-02-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tufted laminate web |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA200403286B (en) | 2005-05-03 |
MXPA04003967A (en) | 2004-06-18 |
US20030093046A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
JP2005509468A (en) | 2005-04-14 |
AR036639A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 |
KR100865417B1 (en) | 2008-10-24 |
TWI248355B (en) | 2006-02-01 |
CN1582349A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
TW200300077A (en) | 2003-05-16 |
BR0213799A (en) | 2004-12-07 |
EP1448830A1 (en) | 2004-08-25 |
KR20040068542A (en) | 2004-07-31 |
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