WO2003039228A3 - High barrier polyvinylidene chloride composition and film - Google Patents

High barrier polyvinylidene chloride composition and film Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003039228A3
WO2003039228A3 PCT/US2002/032186 US0232186W WO03039228A3 WO 2003039228 A3 WO2003039228 A3 WO 2003039228A3 US 0232186 W US0232186 W US 0232186W WO 03039228 A3 WO03039228 A3 WO 03039228A3
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
weight
parts
film
layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/032186
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2003039228A2 (en
Inventor
Solomon Bekele
Original Assignee
Cryovac Inc
Solomon Bekele
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25525266&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2003039228(A3) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Cryovac Inc, Solomon Bekele filed Critical Cryovac Inc
Priority to DE2002609812 priority Critical patent/DE60209812T2/en
Priority to CA 2463740 priority patent/CA2463740C/en
Priority to AU2002363417A priority patent/AU2002363417B2/en
Priority to EP20020802783 priority patent/EP1519987B1/en
Priority to NZ532143A priority patent/NZ532143A/en
Publication of WO2003039228A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003039228A2/en
Publication of WO2003039228A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003039228A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18Manufacture of films or sheets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L27/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L27/02Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L27/04Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08L27/08Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene chloride
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/28Articles or materials wholly enclosed in composite wrappers, i.e. wrappers formed by associating or interconnecting two or more sheets or blanks
    • B65D75/30Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding
    • B65D75/32Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding one or both sheets or blanks being recessed to accommodate contents
    • B65D75/36Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding one or both sheets or blanks being recessed to accommodate contents one sheet or blank being recessed and the other formed of relatively stiff flat sheet material, e.g. blister packages, the recess or recesses being preformed
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2327/00Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/04Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08J2327/08Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene chloride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/04Ingredients treated with organic substances
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/26Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/28Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment by reaction with halogens or compounds containing halogen
    • C08L23/286Chlorinated polyethylene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/26Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/30Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment by oxidation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08L33/10Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
    • C08L33/12Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1379Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
    • Y10T428/1383Vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit is sandwiched between layers [continuous layer]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/139Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
    • Y10T428/1393Multilayer [continuous layer]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1397Single layer [continuous layer]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24661Forming, or cooperating to form cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31909Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31913Monoolefin polymer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31909Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31913Monoolefin polymer
    • Y10T428/3192Next to vinyl or vinylidene chloride polymer

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

A polymeric film comprises at least one layer, the at least one layer comprising a vinylidene chloride composition, the composition comprising 100 parts, by weight of the composition, of avinylidene chloride copolymer; between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a stabilizer; between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a lubricant; and between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a hydro- philic clay. Alternatively, a polymeric film includes at least one layer, the at least one layer including a vinylidene chloride composition, the composition including 100 parts, by weight of the composition, of a vinylidene chloride copolymer; between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a soap of a fatty acid; and between 0.1 and 10 parts, by weight of the composition, of a hydrophilic clay. A blister pack can be made from either film.
PCT/US2002/032186 2001-10-15 2002-10-08 High barrier polyvinylidene chloride composition and film WO2003039228A2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002609812 DE60209812T2 (en) 2001-10-15 2002-10-08 POLYVINYLIDENOCHLORIDE COMPOSITION OF HIGH BARRIER EFFECT AND FILM
CA 2463740 CA2463740C (en) 2001-10-15 2002-10-08 High barrier polyvinylidene chloride composition and film
AU2002363417A AU2002363417B2 (en) 2001-10-15 2002-10-08 High barrier polyvinylidene chloride composition and film
EP20020802783 EP1519987B1 (en) 2001-10-15 2002-10-08 High barrier polyvinylidene chloride composition and film
NZ532143A NZ532143A (en) 2001-10-15 2002-10-08 High barrier polyvinylidene chloride composition and film

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/977,554 2001-10-15
US09/977,554 US6673406B2 (en) 2001-10-15 2001-10-15 High barrier polyvinylidene chloride composition and film

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003039228A2 WO2003039228A2 (en) 2003-05-15
WO2003039228A3 true WO2003039228A3 (en) 2005-02-03

Family

ID=25525266

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2002/032186 WO2003039228A2 (en) 2001-10-15 2002-10-08 High barrier polyvinylidene chloride composition and film

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6673406B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1519987B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE319770T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002363417B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2463740C (en)
DE (1) DE60209812T2 (en)
NZ (1) NZ532143A (en)
WO (1) WO2003039228A2 (en)

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KR100508907B1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2005-08-17 주식회사 엘지화학 Nanocomposite blend composition having super barrier property
US20070072991A1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2007-03-29 University Of Akron Synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethane composites
US20060013929A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-01-19 Susie Morris Visually-appealing microwaveable frozen meal
US7757844B2 (en) * 2005-03-08 2010-07-20 Mobley Tammy J Article display and method of use thereof
US9065664B2 (en) * 2006-01-27 2015-06-23 Cisco Technology, Inc. Providing an announcement for a multiparty communication session
US20060222797A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-05 Cryovac, Inc. Polyvinylidene chloride layered silicate nanocomposite and film made therefrom
US20060269174A1 (en) * 2005-05-27 2006-11-30 Huffer Scott W Easy open pouch with energy activation
GB0515346D0 (en) * 2005-07-26 2005-08-31 Dupont Teijin Films Us Ltd Polymeric film
US20090098395A1 (en) * 2007-10-15 2009-04-16 Pang Chia Lu Barrier coating for thermoplastic films
BRPI0819287B1 (en) * 2007-11-22 2018-12-11 Solvay vinylidene chloride copolymer composition, process for preparing a composition, multilayer film, and packaging or bag.
DE102008056123B4 (en) * 2008-11-06 2017-11-16 Klöckner Pentaplast Gmbh Multilayer film and blister packaging
US9828475B2 (en) * 2009-11-20 2017-11-28 Dow Global Technologies Llc Printable monolayer polyvinylidene chloride structures
DE102010038912A1 (en) * 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Huhtamaki Ronsberg Zn Der Huhtamaki Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Bag-on-valve system with a product container for corrosive products, product containers for a bag-on-valve system, film laminate for the production of a product container and use of the film laminate for a bag-on-valve system
CN104125974A (en) 2011-12-12 2014-10-29 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 Process of incorporating solid inorganic additives into solid polymers using a liquid dispersion
USD693695S1 (en) 2012-03-28 2013-11-19 Aventisub Ii Inc. Package for product
US8919559B2 (en) 2012-03-28 2014-12-30 Aventisub Ii Inc. Package with break-away clamshell
US8899419B2 (en) 2012-03-28 2014-12-02 Aventisub Ii Inc. Package with break-away clamshell
USD694644S1 (en) 2012-03-28 2013-12-03 Aventisub Ii Inc. Clamshell package having blisters
USD695625S1 (en) 2012-03-28 2013-12-17 Aventisub Ii Inc. Package for product
USD697813S1 (en) 2012-03-28 2014-01-21 Aventisub Ii Inc. Clamshell having blisters received therein
USD687313S1 (en) 2012-03-28 2013-08-06 Aventisub Ii Inc. A-shaped blister card
RU2637321C2 (en) * 2012-10-05 2017-12-04 ДАУ ГЛОБАЛ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ ЭлЭлСи Composition of vinylidenechloride copolymer for barrier film
WO2015142613A1 (en) * 2014-03-17 2015-09-24 Icl-Ip America Inc. Phosphate ester-modified clay composition, method of producing the same and flame-retarded pvc nanocomposite, containing the same
CN107922701A (en) * 2015-08-31 2018-04-17 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 Vinylidene chloride polymer composition and the product for including it
CN106633538A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-10 四川旭华制药有限公司 Preparation method of drug packaging material
DE102018112817A1 (en) 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 Klöckner Pentaplast Gmbh Transparent polymer film with discoloration compensation
CA3196216A1 (en) 2020-11-18 2022-05-27 Wade Jackson Kammauff Thermoformed packaging and methods of forming the same

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WO1999047351A1 (en) * 1998-03-19 1999-09-23 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Oxygen scavenging compositions and methods for making same

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WO1999047351A1 (en) * 1998-03-19 1999-09-23 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Oxygen scavenging compositions and methods for making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002363417B2 (en) 2006-05-25
NZ532143A (en) 2005-09-30
WO2003039228A2 (en) 2003-05-15
CA2463740C (en) 2007-07-31
DE60209812T2 (en) 2006-11-09
EP1519987A2 (en) 2005-04-06
DE60209812D1 (en) 2006-05-04
US20030099813A1 (en) 2003-05-29
CA2463740A1 (en) 2003-05-15
US6673406B2 (en) 2004-01-06
EP1519987B1 (en) 2006-03-08
ATE319770T1 (en) 2006-03-15

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