WO2003037894A1 - 4-(5-membered)-heteroaryl acyl pyrrolidine derivatives as hcv inhibitors - Google Patents
4-(5-membered)-heteroaryl acyl pyrrolidine derivatives as hcv inhibitors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003037894A1 WO2003037894A1 PCT/EP2002/012172 EP0212172W WO03037894A1 WO 2003037894 A1 WO2003037894 A1 WO 2003037894A1 EP 0212172 W EP0212172 W EP 0212172W WO 03037894 A1 WO03037894 A1 WO 03037894A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tert
- carboxylic acid
- isobutyl
- thiazol
- butylbenzoyl
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to novel acyl pyrrolidine derivatives useful as anti-viral agents. Specifically, the present invention involves novel HCV inhibitors.
- HCV infection is responsible for 40-60% of all chronic liver disease and 30% of all liver transplants.
- Chronic HCV infection accounts for 30% of all cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and liver cancer in the U.S. The CDC estimates that the number of deaths due to HCV will minimally increase to 38,000/year by the year 2010.
- Alpha-interferon (alone or in combination with ribavirin) has been widely used since its approval for treatment of chronic HCV infection.
- adverse side effects are commonly associated with this treatment: flu-like symptoms, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, depression from interferon, as well as anemia induced by ribavirin (Lindsay, K.L. (1997) Hepatology 26 (suppl 1): 71S-77S).
- HCV hepatitis C virus
- NANBH non-B hepatitis
- HCV bovine viral diarrhea virus, border disease virus, and classic swine fever virus
- the HCV genome is approximately 9.6 kilobases (kb) with a long, highly conserved, noncapped 5' nontranslated region (NTR) of approximately 340 bases which functions as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) (Wang CY et al 'An RNA pseudoknot is an essential structural element of the internal ribosome entry site located within the hepatitis C virus 5' noncoding region' RNA- A Publication of the RNA Society. 1(5): 526-537, 1995 Jul.). This element is followed by a region which encodes a single long open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of ⁇ 3000 amino acids comprising both the structural and nonstructural viral proteins.
- ORF long open reading frame
- this RNA Upon entry into the cytoplasm of the cell, this RNA is directly translated into a polypeptide of ⁇ 3000 amino acids comprising both the structural and nonstructural viral proteins.
- This large polypeptide is subsequently processed into the individual structural and nonstructural proteins by a combination of host and virally-encoded proteinases (Rice, CM. (1996) in B.N. Fields, D.M.Knipe and P.M. Howley (eds) Virology 2 nd Edition, p931-960; Raven Press, N.Y.).
- 3* NTR which roughly consists of three regions: an ⁇ 40 base region which is poorly conserved among various genotypes, a variable length poly(U)/polypyrimidine tract, and a highly conserved 98 base element also called the "3* X-tail" (Kolykhalov, A. et al (1996) J. Virology 70:3363-3371; Tanaka, T. et al (1995) Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 215:744-749; Tanaka, T. et al (1996) J. Virology 70:3307-3312; Yamada, N. et al (1996) Virology 223:255-261).
- the 3' NTR is predicted to form a stable secondary structure which is essential for HCV growth in chimps and is believed to function in the initiation and regulation of viral RNA replication.
- the NS5B protein (591 amino acids, 65 kDa) of HCV (Behrens, S.E. et al (1996) EMBO J. 15:12- 22), encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity and contains canonical motifs present in other RNA viral polymerases.
- the NS5B protein is fairly well conserved both intra- typically (-95-98% amino acid (aa) identity across lb isolates) and inter-typically ( ⁇ 85% aa identity between genotype la and lb isolates).
- the essentiality of the HCV NS5B RdRp activity for the generation of infectious progeny virions has been formally proven in chimpanzees (A. A. Kolykhalov et al. (2000) Journal of Virology, 74(4), p.2046-2051).
- inhibition of NS5B RdRp activity is predicted to cure HCV infection.
- the present invention involves compounds represented hereinbelow, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and use of the compounds in treating viral infection, especially HCV infection.
- the present invention provides c
- A represents OR 1 , NR'R 2 , or R 1 wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl; or R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 or 6 membered saturated cyclic group;
- B represents C(O)R 3 wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl;
- C represents C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl
- D represents a saturated or unsaturated 5-membered heterocyclic ring comprising one or more carbon atoms, each of which may independently be optionally substituted by R 4 and R 5 , and one to four heteroatoms independently selected from N, optionally substituted by hydrogen, C ⁇ -6 alkyl, C(O)R 3 , SO 2 R 3 , aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl; O; and S, optionally substituted by one or two oxygen atoms; wherein the 5 membered ring may be attached at any endocyclic carbon atom, and may be optionally fused via two adjacent carbon atoms to a saturated or unsaturated 6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which may itself be optionally substituted on a non- fused carbon atom by C,.
- R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ . 6 alkyl, halo, OR s , C(O)NR 6 R 7 , C(O)R 3 , CO 2 H, CO 2 R 3 , NR 6 R 7 , NHC(O)R 3 , NHCO 2 R 3 , NHC ⁇ ⁇ R 2 , SOaMCR 2 , SO 2 R 3 , nitro, cyano, oxo, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl;
- R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ . 6 alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; and R 8 represents hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl;
- E represents hydrogen or C ⁇ . 6 alkyl
- F represents hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl
- G represents hydrogen, C 1 . 6 alkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl; and salts, solvates and esters thereof, provided that when A is OR 1 then R 1 is other than terf-butyl.
- alkyl refers to an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group.
- the alkyl hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated. Where the alkyl hydrocarbon group is cyclic, it will be understood that there will be a minimum of 3 carbon atoms in the group. Preferably, the group is saturated.
- Preferred alkyl moieties are C M alkyl.
- Optional substituents include C,.
- aryl refers to an optionally substituted aromatic group with at least one ring having a conjugated pi-electron system, containing up to two conjugated or fused ring systems.
- Aryl includes carbocyclic aryl and biaryl groups, all of which may be optionally substituted. Preferred "aryl” moieties are unsubstituted, monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted phenyl.
- Preferred "aryl" substituents are selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, halo, OR 8 , C(O)NR 6 R 7 , C(O)R 3 , CO 2 H, CO 2 R 3 , NR 6 R 7 , NHC(O)R 3 , NHCO 2 R 3 , NHC ⁇ R R 2 , SO ⁇ R 2 , SO 2 R 3 , nitro, cyano, oxo, heterocyclyl, CF 3 , pyridine, phenyl, and NO 2 .
- heteroaryl refers to an optionally substituted, 5 or 6 membered, aromatic group comprising one to four heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, with at least one ring having a conjugated pi-electron system, containing up to two conjugated or fused ring systems.
- Preferred “heteroaryl” moieties are unsubstituted, monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted thienyl, thiazolyl, pyridinyl and benzothiazolyl.
- Preferred “heteroaryl” substituents are selected from the group consisting of C,.
- heterocyclic and heterocyclyl refer to an optionally substituted, 5 or 6 membered, saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group containing one to four, preferably one or two, heteroatoms selected from N, optionally substituted by hydrogen, C h alky!, C(O)R 3 , SO 2 R 3 , aryl or heteroaryl; O; and S, optionally substituted by one or two oxygen atoms.
- the compounds of the present invention may contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may exist in racemic, diastereoisomeric, and optically active forms. All of these racemic compounds, enantiomers and diastereoisomers are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
- A is OR 1 where R 1 is hydrogen; or A is NH 2 ; more preferably, A is OR 1 where R 1 is hydrogen.
- R 3 is aryl or heteroaryl; more preferably, R 3 is optionally substituted phenyl; especially preferred is R 3 represents phenyl substituted in the /? ⁇ r ⁇ -position by tert-butyl; most preferred is R 3 represents phenyl substituted in the /? ⁇ r ⁇ -position by tert-butyl and optionally further substituted, preferably r ⁇ et ⁇ -substituted, by methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, or halo, more preferably methoxy.
- C is selected from the group consisting of Ci- ⁇ alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; more preferably, C is thien-2-yl, l,3-thiazol-2-yl, l,3-thiazol-4-yl, benzothiazol-2-yl, pyridm-2-yl or ⁇ yridin-3-yl.
- D is selected from the group (i) consisting of lH-pyrrol-2-yl, lH-pyrrol-3-yl, furan-2-yl, furan-3-yl, thien-2-yl, thien-3-yl; lH-imidazol-2-yl, lH-pyrazol-3-yl, lH-pyrazol-5-yl, isoxazol-3- yl, isoxazol-5-yl, oxazol-2-yl, isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-5-yl, thiazol-2-yl, l,3-dioxol-2-yl, 1,3- oxathiazol-2-yl, and l,3-dithiol-2-yl, and partially or fully saturated derivatives thereof; each of which, where applicable, may be optionally substituted on a carbon atom by R 4 and R s , on a nitrogen atom
- D is selected from group (i) and has a fused ring
- the fused ring is selected from benzene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine and pyrazine.
- D is selected from the group consisting of 5-methyl-l, 2,4-thiadiazol-3- yl; l,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl; 3-bromo-l,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl; 3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl; 5-methyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl; 5-methyl-l ,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl; 5-ethyl-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl; 5-cyclopropyl- l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl; 3-methyl-isoxaxol-5-yl; lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl; 5-methyl-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl; 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5 -yl; 3 -(4-fluorophenyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl;
- lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl 5-methyl-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl; 1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl; 3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl; 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl; 1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yI; 5-methyl-l, 2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl; 5(4H)-l,2,4-oxadiazolon-3-yl; l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl; l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl; isoxazol-5-yl; 3-methyl-isoxazol-5-yl; 3-methyl-pyrazol-5-yl; thiazol-2-yl; 1- methyl-lH-tetrazol-5-yl; benzothiazol-2-yl; and benzoxazol
- E is hydrogen
- F is hydrogen
- G is selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ -6 alkyl, arylalkyl arid heteroarylalkyl; more preferably, G represents isobutyl, benzyl or methyl; most preferably G represents isobutyl or benzyl.
- the present invention provide compounds of Formula (I) represented by Formula (la) wherein:
- A represents ORi, NR ⁇ R 2 , or R, wherein Ri and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C ⁇ , 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl; or Ri and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 or 6 membered saturated cyclic group;
- B represents C(O)R 3 wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of C h alky., aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl;
- C represents C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl
- D represents a saturated or unsaturated 5-membered heterocyclic ring comprising one or more carbon atoms, each of which may independently be optionally substituted by R and R s , and one to four heteroatoms independently selected from N, optionally substituted by hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, C(O)R 3 , SO 2 R 3 , aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl; O; and S, optionally substituted by one or two oxygen atoms; wherein the 5 membered ring may be attached at any endocyclic carbon atom, and may be optionally fused to a saturated or unsaturated 6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which may itself be optionally substituted on a non-fused carbon atom by .
- R and R 5 are independently selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, halo, OR 8 , C(O) R 6 R 7 , CO 2 R 3 , NR ⁇ R 7 , NHC(O)R 3 , NHCO 2 R 3 , NHC(O)NR,R 2 , SO 2 NR,R 2 , SO 2 R 3 , nitro, oxo, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl;
- R $ and R are independently selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ . 6 alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;
- R 8 represents hydrogen, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl
- E represents hydrogen or Ci- ⁇ alkyl
- F represents hydrogen, C ⁇ . 6 alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl
- G represents hydrogen, C ⁇ . 6 alkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl; and salts and solvates thereof, provided that when A is ORi then Rj is other than tert-butyl.
- Rj is other than tert-butyl.
- the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) represented by Formula (lb)
- A represents OR 1 , NR'R 2 , or R 1 wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl; or R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 or 6 membered saturated cyclic group;
- B represents C(O)R 3 wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of C h alky!, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl;
- C represents C 1-6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl
- D represents lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl; l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl; l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl; l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl; l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl; isoxazol-5-yl; pyrazoI-5-yl; thiazol-2-yl, lH-tetrazol-5-yI; benzothiazol-2-yl; or benzoxazol-2-yl each of which may independently be optionally substituted on a carbon atom by R 4 , and, where applicable, may independently be optionally substituted on an N atom by hydrogen, Ci- ⁇ alkyl, C(O)R 3 , SO 2 R 3 , aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl; R 4 is selected from hydrogen, C,.
- R 6 and R 7 are independently selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ aHcyl, aryl and heteroaryl;
- R s represents hydrogen, Cj. 6 alkyl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl
- E represents hydrogen or C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl
- F represents a hydrogen, C ⁇ . 6 alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl
- G represents hydrogen, heterocyclylalkyl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl; and salts, solvates and esters thereof, provided that when A is OR 1 then R 1 is other than tert-butyl.
- the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) represented by Formula (Ic)
- A represents ORj, NR ⁇ R 2 , or Ri wherein Ri and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, d-ealkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, and heteroarylalkyl; or Rj and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 or 6 membered saturated cyclic group;
- B represents C(O)R 3 wherein R 3 is selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ -6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl) and heteroarylalkyl;
- C represents C ⁇ -6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl
- D represents lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl or l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl, each of which may independently be optionally substituted on a carbon atom by R , and, where applicable, may independently be optionally substituted on an N atom by hydrogen, d -6 alkyl, C(O)R 3 , SO 2 R 3 , aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl; is selected from hydrogen, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, halo, OR 8 , C(O)NRsR 7 , CO 2 R 3 , NRe ?, NHC(O)R 3 , NHCO 2 R 3 , NHC(O)NR ! R 2 , SO 2 NR,R 2 , SO 2 R 3 , nitro, oxo, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl;
- Rg and R 7 are independently selected from hydrogen, C h alky!, aryl and heteroaryl;
- R 8 represents hydrogen, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl
- E represents hydrogen or C h alky!
- F represents a hydrogen, C ⁇ . 6 alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl
- G represents hydrogen, heterocyclylalkyl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl; and salts and solvates thereof, provided that when A is O i then Ri is other than tert-butyl.
- Preferred compounds useful in the present invention are selected from the group consisting of: re/-(2S,4R,5R)-l-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-2-isobutyl-4-(5-methyl-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5-(l,3- thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid; re/-(2S,4S,5R)-l-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-2-isobutyl-4-(5-methyl-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-5-(l,3- thiazol-2-yl)pyr ⁇ olidine-2-carboxylic acid; re/-(2S,4S,5R)-l-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-2-isobutyl-4-(3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)
- the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) selected from the group consisting of Examples 1 to 47 hereinafter defined, and salts, solvates and esters, and where appropriate, individual enantiomers thereof.
- the present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) selected from the group consisting of Examples 1 to 11 hereinafter defined, and salts, solvates and esters, and where appropriate, individual enantiomers thereof.
- physiologically acceptable salt complexes also covers the physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I).
- suitable physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include acid salts, for example sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and tetraalkylammonium and the like, or mono- or dibasic salts with the appropriate acid for example organic carboxylic acids such as acetic, lactic, tartaric, malic, isethionic, lactobionic and succinic acids; organic sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic and p-toluenesulfonic acids and inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric and sulfamic acids and the like.
- the present invention also relates to solvates of the compounds of Formula (I), for example hydrates.
- the present invention also relates to pharmaceutically acceptable esters of the compounds of
- any alkyl moiety present in such esters preferrably contains 1 to 18 cabon atoms, particularly 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Any aryl moiety present in such esters preferrably comprises a phenyl group.
- W represents -CN, -CO 2 H, - CO 2 R 9 , -COR 10 , -C(O)NR 6 R 7 , or -C(O)Hal; and R 9 represents C 1-6 alkyl, or arylalkyl; and R 10 represents C ⁇ . 6 alkyl; by any suitable method for the conversion of the moiety W into the moiety D of formula (I). Suitable methods for the conversion of W into D may be found in the chemical literature, for example those described in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, Edited by A.R. Katritzky and C.W. Rees, Pergamon 1984; WO 2001/28996 and WO 99/54299.
- the conversion of W, when W is -CONR 6 R 7 and R 6 and R 7 are both hydrogen, into D, when D is a l(H)-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl group may be achieved by reacting the compound of Formula (U) with (ljl-dimethoxymethy ⁇ dimethylamine followed by hydrazine in acetic acid.
- the conversion of W into D may suitably include conversion of a particular W moiety into an intermediate moiety, W 1 , by methods well known in the art, for example those described in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, Edited by A.R. Katritzky and C.W. Rees, Pergamon 1984; WO 2001/28996 and WO 99/54299.
- W 1 is -C ⁇ NRV
- this group may be converted into W 1 is -C(S)NR 6 R 7 by heating under reflux with Lawesson's reagents.
- W is - CO 2 R 9
- this group may be converted into W 1 is -CONHNH 2 by heating under reflux with hydrazine hydrate.
- W is -CONHNH 2
- Compounds of Formula (H) may be prepared by reaction of a compound of Formula (ffl) in which A, C, E, F and G are as defined above for Formula (1); and W is as defined above for Formula (H); with a suitable acylating agent, for example R 3 C(O)-hal, wherein hal is a halo atom, preferably chloro or bromo.
- a suitable solvent for example dichloromethane
- a suitable base for example triethylamine.
- E and F are as defined for Formula (I) and W is as defined for Formula (H) above.
- the reaction is carried out in a suitable solvent, for example THF, in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as lithium bromide, and a base, such as triethylamine.
- a Lewis acid catalyst such as lithium bromide
- a base such as triethylamine.
- the C4-epimer of a compound of Formula (IH) may be isolated from the resultant mixture of the reaction of a compound of Formula (TV) and Formula (V) described above, for example by purification by column chromatography using an appropriate eluant.
- A, C, D, E, F and G are as defined above for Formula (1); with a suitable acylating agent, for example R 3 C(O)-hal, wherein hal is a halo atom, preferably chloro or bromo.
- a suitable solvent for example dichloromethane
- a suitable base for example triethylamine.
- E, D and F are as described for Formula (I) above; with a compound of Formula (TV).
- a suitable solvent for example THF
- a Lewis acid catalyst such as lithium bromide
- a base such as triethylamine
- Compounds of Formula (VI) may also prepared from a compound of Formula (in) by any suitable method for the conversion of the moiety W into the moiety D of formula (I) as previously described.
- Compounds of Formula (I) in which A is NR 2 R 2 may be prepared from compounds of Formula (I) in which A is OH by treatment with a suitable amine source under standard amide bond forming conditions well established in the art.
- a compound of Formula (I) in which A is NH 2 may be prepared from a compound of Formula (I) in which A is OH by reaction with ammonium chloride in the presence of a suitable base, such as diisopropylethylamine, together with a suitable dehydrating agent, such as HATU.
- the reaction may conveniently be carried out in any suitable solvent, for example N,N-dimethylformamide.
- Compounds of Formula (I) may be converted into other compounds of Formula (I) by manipulation of the group D.
- a compound of Formula (I) in which D represents 3-bromo-l,2,4- thiadiazol-5-yl may be converted into a compound of Formula (I) in which D represents 1,2,4- thiadiazol-5-yl by reaction with a suitable debrominating agent, for example ammonium formate, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, for example 10% palladium on carbon, in a suitable solvent, for example ethanol.
- a suitable debrominating agent for example ammonium formate
- a catalyst for example 10% palladium on carbon
- the present invention provides a method for the interconversion of the rel-(2S, 4S, 5R)-diastereoisomer of a compound of formula (T), ( ⁇ ), (IDT) andor (VT) into the rel-(2S, 4R, 5R)-diastereoisomer.
- the conversion of the rel-(2S, 4S, 5R)- diastereoisomer of a compound of Formula (VI) when D is 3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl into the rel-(2S, 4R, 5R)-diastereoisomer is accomplished by treatment of the rel-(2S, 4S, 5R)- diastereoisomer with a suitable base, such as aqueous sodium hydroxide, in the presence of a suitable solvent, such as methanol.
- a suitable base such as aqueous sodium hydroxide
- Such base-catalysed epimerisation may be used for the interconversion of the rel-(2S, 4S, 5R)-diastereoisomer of a compound of formula (I), (IT), (DI) and/or (VT) in which E represents hydrogen, into the rel-(2S, 4R, 5R)-diastereoisomer, where appropriate.
- racemic compounds of Formula (I), (D), (HI) and/or (VI) may be optionally resolved into their individual enantiomers. Such resolutions may conveniently be accomplished by standard methods known in the art. For example, a racemic compound of Formula (I), (IT), (IE) and/or (VI) may be resolved by chiral preparative HPLC. Alternatively, racemic compounds of Formula (I), (IT), (1H) and or (VI) may be resolved by standard diastereoisomeric salt formation with a chiral acid or base reagent as appropriate. Such techniques are well established in the art.
- a racemic compound of Formula (ID) where W is C(0)NR 6 R 7 and R 6 and R 7 are both hydrogen may be resolved by treatment with a chiral acid such as (-)-di-O,O'-p-tolyl-L-tartaric acid.
- Lawesson's reagents (1.06 g, 2.62 mmol) was added to a solution of re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4- (aminocarbonyl)-l-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-2-isobutyl-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 3; 1.30 g, 2.53 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) and the resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 18 hours, then evaporated.
- Enantiomer A derived from re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-isobutyl-5-(l,3-thiazol-2- yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester
- Stage A A solution of (-)-di-O,O'-p-tolyl-L-tartaric acid (2.74 g, 7.08 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) was added to a solution of re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-isobutyl-5-(l,3-thiazol-2- yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 2; 2.50 g, 7.08 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL). The resulting solution was allowed to stand overnight in a stoppered flask and the resulting crystalline solid filtered off, washed sparingly with dichloromethane and dried under vacuum to afford the tartrate salt of the title compound (3.75 g).
- Stage B A sample of the salt from Stage A (3.721 g) was added to a solution of sodium bicarbonate (4.00 g) in water (100 mL) and the resultant mixture was then extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 50 mL). The dichloromethane solution was dried by passage through a hydrophobic frit, then evaporated to afford a solid (1.07 g).
- N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethylacetal (25 mL) was added and the mixture heated at 100°C for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled and concentrated, suspended in ethyl acetate and washed with dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid (2M) and water. The ethyl acetate solution was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and evaporated. The resulting oil was chromatographed on silica gel using a gradient elution from cyclohexane to cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (2:3 v/v) to afford the title compound, an oil.
- Stage A A solution of (-)-di-O,O'-p-tolyl-L-tartaric acid (10.58 g, 27.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (120 mL) was added to a solution of re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-isobutyl-5-(benzothiazol- 2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 30; 6.00 g, 13.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 mL).
- Stage B The salt from Stage A (9.195 g) was added to a solution of sodium bicarbonate (4.00 g) in water (100 mL) and the resultant mixture was then extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 100 mL). The dichloromethane solution was dried by passage through a hydrophobic frit, then evaporated to afford a solid (2.60 g).
- Enantiomer A derived from re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-isobutyl-5-(benzothiazol-2- yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 31) was treated with 4-tert- butylbenzoyl chloride in a manner analogous to that described for Intermediate 3.
- the crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel using cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (1:1 v/v) as eluent to afford Enantiomer A of the title compound, a solid.
- Zinc bromide (oven dried at 100°C; 2.37 g, 10.5 mmol) was added to a stirred, -78°C solution of vinylmagnesium bromide (1.0 M in THF; 10.5 mL, 10.5 mmol) in dry THF under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour prior to the addition of palladium tetrakistriphenylphosphine (0.21 g) and 5-Chloro-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazole (Intermediate 33; 1.45 g, 7.30 mmol).
- Lithium bromide (0.41 g, 4.72 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-vinyl- 1,2,4- oxadiazole (Intermediate 34; 0.89 g, 2.36 mmol) and 2-[N-(l,3-thiazol-2-ylmethylene)amino]-4- methylpentanoic acid, tert-butyl ester (0.66 g, 2.36 mmol) in anhydrous THF under nitrogen.
- Stage A Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.43 g, 6.14 mmol) was added to a solution of re/- (2S,4R,5R)-4-cyano-2-isobutyl-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 26; 1.03 g, 3.07 mmol) in ethanol (80 mL). Potassium hydroxide (0.34 g, 6.0 mmol) was added and the mixture heated at reflux for 11 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature overnight, then concentrated.
- Stage B The residue was suspended in anhydrous dichloromethane (60 mL) containing triethylamine (0.59 mL, 4.27 mmol) and propanoic anhydride (0.81 mL, 6.31 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was heated at 45°C for 2 hours, then washed with water, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and water again, then dried (Na 2 SO 4 ).
- Stage C The resulting dichloromethane solution was treated with sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil; 0.30 g, 7.5 mmol) and heatyed at reflux. Additional aliquots of sodium hydride (60% dispersion; 0.5 g) were added after 2 hours and 20 hours total reaction time.
- Stage A Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.32 g, 4.66 mmol) was added to a solution of rel- (2S,4R,5R)-4-cyano-2-isobutyl-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)py ⁇ olidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 26; 0.78 g, 2.33 mmol) in ethanol (60 mL). Potassium hydroxide (0.26 g, 4.55 mmol) was added and the mixture heated at reflux for 19 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature overnight, then concentrated to afford the crude hydroxyamidine.
- Stage B The crude hydroxyamidine was suspended in anhydrous dichloromethane (40 mL) containing triethylamine (0.32 mL, 2.31 mmol) and cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (0.20 mL, 2.20 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours then evaporated to dryness. The residue was suspended in dry THF (10 mL) and sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil; 0.060 g) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours then concentrated. The resulting material was partitioned between dilute hydrochloric acid (1M) and ethyl acetate.
- Oven dried zinc bromide (11.2 g) was added to a cold (-78°C) solution of vinyl magnesium bromide (1.0 M solution in THF, 42.0 mL) in dry THF (160 mL) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour then allowed to warm to room temperature over a further 1 hour. Palladium tetrakis triphenylphosphine (0.84 g) and 3-bromo-5-methyl-l,2,4-thiadiazole (Intermediate 55; 1.25 g, 6.98 mmol) were added and the mixture was then heated at 50°C under nitrogen for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered and evaporated.
- Lithium bromide (0.30 g, 3.47 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-vinyl-5-methyl-l,2,4-thiadiazole (Intermediate 56; 0.71 g, 5.63 mmol) and 2-[N-(l,3-thiazol-2-ylmethylene)amino]-4-methyl- pentanoic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 1; 0.98 g, 3.47 mmol) in anhydrous THF (6 mL) under nitrogen.
- Enantiomer A derived from re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4-(Aminocarbonyl)-2-isobutyl-5-pyridin-2-yl- pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester
- Stage A A solution of (-)-di-O,O'-p-tolyl-L-tartaric acid (2.78 g, 7.19 mmol) in ethyl acetate (40 mL) was added to a solution of re ⁇ -(2S,4S,5R)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-isobutyl-5-pyridin-2-yl- pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 60; 2.50 g, 7.195 mmol) in ethyl acetate
- Stage B A sample of the salt from Stage A (3.10 g) was partitioned between dichloromethane (100 mL) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (100 mL). The aqueous solution was extracted with dichloromethane (100 mL) and the combined dichloromethane solutions were washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated to afford the title compound, a solid.
- Enantiomer A derived from re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-isobutyl-5-pyridin-2-yl-pyrrolidine- 2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 61) was acylated with 3-bromo-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride in a manner analogous to that described for Intermediate 3 to afford the title compound, a foam.
- Stage A A mixture of re/-(2S,4S,5R)- and re/-(2S,4R,5R)-4-acetyl-2-isobutyl-5-(l,3-thiazol-2- yl)pyrrol-idine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 9; 6.1 g, 17 mmol) and N,N- dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal (25 mL) was heated at 110°C under nitrogen for 11 hours, cooled and concentrated.
- Stage B The crude product from Stage A was dissolved in ethanol (155 mL) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.57 g, 51.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 hours, then cooled and evaporated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated to afford an oil. This was partially purified by chromatography on silica gel using a gradient of cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (from 95:5 v/v to 85:15 v/v) as eluent to give the impure title compound.
- Example 3 was further purified by reverse phase HPLC on a C ⁇ 8 column using a two-solvent gradient elution with (A) water containing formic acid (0.1%) and (B) acetonitrile-water (95:5 v/v) containing formic acid (0.05%) as the eluents.
- the title compound was isolated as a solid.
- the residue was purified successively by reverse phase HPLC on a 8 column using a two-solvent gradient elution with (A) water containing formic acid (0.1%) and (B) acetonitrile-water (95:5 v/v) containing formic acid (0.05%) as the eluents, followed by crystallisation from ethyl acetate-ether-cyclohexane to give the title compound as a solid.
- Example 10 2 ad Elutins Enantiomer derived from re/-(2S,4S,5R)-l-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-2-isobutyl-5-(l,3- thiazol-2-yl)-4-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Chiral;
- Example 11 2 nd Elutins Enantiomer derived from re/-(2S,4R,5R)-l-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-2-isobutyl-4-(3- methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazoI-5-yl)-5-(l,3- thiazoI-2-yl)pyrroMdine-2-carboxylic acid
- Example 12 re/-(2S,4R,5R)-l-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-2-isobutyI-4-(3-methyI-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-thien-2- ylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid Racemic;
- 1,1-diethoxyethane (0.31 mL) ethanol (20 mL) and 2N hydrochloric acid (3 drops) was heated under reflux for 5 hours. Additional aliquots of 2-bromo-l,l-diethoxyethane (0.31 mL) and 2N hydrochloric acid (6 drops) were added, and heating under reflux continued for a further 4 hours.
- Stage A A mixture of re/-(2S,4R,5R)-2-Isobutyl-l-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-4-hydrazinocarbonyl-5- (l,3-thiazol-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester and the corresponding rel- (2S,4S,5R)- diastereoisomer (Intermediate 14; 1.51g, 2.86 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous triethyl orthoformate (100 mL) and heated at 125°C for 30 hours, cooled and evaporated.
- the crude product was purified by reverse phase HPLC on a Cj 8 column using a two-solvent gradient elution with (A) water containing formic acid (0.1%) and (B) acetonitrile-water (95:5 v/v) containing formic acid (0.05%) as the eluents and the early fractions combined to afford the title compound, a solid, shown by nOe NMR studies to be the re/-(2S,4S,5R)- diastereoisomer.
- Example 30 Later eluting fractions from the preparative HPLC purification of Example 30 were combined to afford the title compound, a solid, shown by nOe NMR studies to be the re/-(2S,4R,5R)- diastereoisomer, with configuration at the pyrrolidine C(4)-centre inverted relative to the starting material (Intermediate 21).
- Stage A A mixture of re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-isobutyl-5-pyridin-2-yl-pyrrolidine-2- carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 22; 0.443g, 0.874 mmol) and (1,1- dimethoxymethyl)dimethylamine (20 mL) was heated at 120°C for 5 hours and then concentrated. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of dioxan (5 mL) and acetic acid (5 mL) and to the resultant solution was added a solution of aqueous hydroxylamine (50% w/v, 75 uL).
- Enantiomer A of the title compound was prepared from Enantiomer A of re -(2S,4S,5R)-2-isobutyl- 4-(3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(l ,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 24) in a similar manner to that described for Example 27, but substituting 3-methoxy- 4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride in place of 3-bromo-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride.
- Enantiomer A of the title compound was prepared from Enantiomer A of re/-(2S,4S,5R)-2-isobutyl-
- Example 38 Enantiomer A of re/-(2S,4R,5R)-l-(3-chloro-4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-2-isobutyl-4-(3-methyl-l,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
- Enantiomer A of the title compound was prepared from Enantiomer A of re/-(2S.4R.5R)-2-isobutyl- 4-(3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 25) in a similar manner to that described for Example 27, but substituting 3-chloro-4- tert-butylbenzoyl chloride in place of 3-bromo-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride.
- Enantiomer A of the title compound was prepared from Enantiomer A of re/-(2S,4R,5R)-2-isobutyl- 4-(3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 25) in a similar manner to that described for Example 27, but substituting 4-tert- butylbenzoyl chloride in place of 3-bromo-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride.
- Example 40 Enantiomer A of re/-(2S,4R,5R)-2-isobutyl-l-(3-methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-4-(3-methyl-l,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide Chiral, Enantiomer A; Relative stereochemistry shown
- Example 42 re;-(2S,4S,5R)-2-Isobutyl-l-(3-methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-4-(5-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)- 5-(l,3-tbiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid re/-(2S,4S,5R)-2-Isobutyl-4-(5-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2- carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 29) was acylated with 3-methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride and subsequently subjected to ester hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid in a similar manner to that described for Example 27. The resulting oil was tritutated with diethyl ether to afford the title compound,
- Example 44 Enantiomer _A of re/-(2S,4S,5R)-5-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-isobutyl-l-(3-bromo-4-tert-butyl- benzoyI)-4-(l ,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxyIic acid Chiral, Enantiomer A; Relative stereochemistry shown
- the Enantiomer A of the title compound, a solid, was prepared by acylation of Enantiomer A of rel- (2S,4S,5R)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-2-isobutyl-5-(benzothiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert- butyl ester (Intermediate 31) with 3-bromo-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride in a similar manner to that described in Intermediate 3 and subsequently following a procedure analogous to that outlined in Example 6 for conversion of the amide group into the corresponding 1,2,4-oxadiazole.
- MS calcd for (C 29 H 3 ⁇ BrN 4 O 4 S + H) + : 611/613. Found: (M+H) + 611/613.
- Stage A re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-2-isobutyl-5-(l,3-thiazol-2- yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 35) was acylated with 3-bromo-4-tert- butylbenzoyl chloride in a manner similar to that described in Intermediate 3. The crude reaction mixture was purified by chromatography on silica gel using cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (7:1 v/v) to afford the title compound, tert-butyl ester, an oil.
- Stage B The tert-butyl ester was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid and stirred at room temperature for 3.5 hours, evaporated, repeatedly re-evaporated from dichloromethane and then triturated with diethyl ether to afford the title compound, a solid.
- Stage A re/-(2S,4S,5R)-l-(3-bromo-4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-4-[3-(4-fluoro ⁇ henyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl]-2-isobutyl-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (from Example 45, Stage A) was resolved by preparative HPLC on a Chiralpak AD chromatography column using heptane-isopropanol (85:15 v/v) as eluent to afford Enantiomer A (>95% ee) and Enantiomer B
- Stage A -tert-Butylbenzoyl chloride (0.089 g, 0.451 mmol) was added to a solution of rel- (2S,4S,5R)-2-isobutyl-4-(3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 47; 0.145 g, 0.376 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (5 mL). Triethylamine (70 uL, 0.47 mmol) was added and the mixture heated at reflux for 18 hours, cooled and then partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution.
- Enantiomer A of the title compound was prepared from Enantiomer A of re/-(2S,4S,5R)-2-isobutyl- 4-(3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 24) in a similar manner to that described for Example 27, but substituting 3-methyl-4- tert-butylbenzoyl chloride in place of 3-bromo-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride.
- the resulting crude product was purified firstly by chromatography on silica gel using a gradient elution from ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (2:1 v/v) to ethyl acetate as eluent and then subsequently by reverse phase preparative HPLC on a C ]S column using a two-solvent gradient elution with (A) water containing formic acid (0.1%) and (B) acetonitrile-water (95:5 v/v) containing formic acid (0.05%) as eluents.
- Stage A A mixture of re/-(2S,4S,5R and re/-(2S,4R,5R)-2-Isobutyl-l-(3-methoxy-4-tert- burylberizoyl)-4-hydrazmocarbonyl-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 52; 2.80 g, 5.01 mmol) and triethyl orthoacetate (80 mL) was heated under reflux for 6 days, then evaporated to a gum, a mixture of the re/-(2S,4S,5R)- and re/-(2S,4R,5R)- diastereoisomers of the title compound, tert-butyl ester.
- Stage B The gum from Stage A (3.24 g, ca 5.56 mmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL) and the solution stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, then evaporated. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (30 mL) and triethylamine (0.77 mL, 5.56 mmol) added. The mixture was evaporated and the resulting gum partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The ethyl acetate solution was dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and evaporated and the crude product mixture purified by chromatography on silica gel using ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (2:1 v/v) as eluent.
- Example 64 re/-(2S,4R,5R)-4-(5-Cyclopropyl-l,2,4-oxadiazoI-3-yl)-2-isobutyl-l-(3-methoxy-4-tert- butylbenzoyl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrroIidine-2-carboxylic acid
- Example 65 re/-(2S,4S,5R)-2-Isobutyl-l-(3-methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-4-(5-methyl-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)- 5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyr
- Stage A 3-Methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride (0.13 g, 0.58 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of re/-(2S,4S,5R)-2-isobutyl-4-(5-methyl-l,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrol- idine-2-carboxylic acid, tert butyl ester (Intermediate 57; 0.20 g, 0.49 mmol) and triethylamine (0.083 mL, 0.60 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL).
- Stage A A mixture of Enantiomer A of re/-(2S,4S,5R)-4-(aminocarbonyl)-l-(3-bromo-4-tert- butylbenzoyl)-2-isobutyl-5-pyridin-2-yl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate
- Stage tert-butyl ester of the rel-(2S,4R,5R)-diastereoisomer (Stage A above; 0.064 g, 0.102 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (1 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperarture overnight then concentrated. The residue was dissolved in THF (5 mL) and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.1 M, 1.02 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours then concentrated. The resulting material was suspended in water (10 mL) and the solid filtered off. This solid was re-evaporated from methanol (10 mL) to afford the title compound, a solid.
- Stage A re/-(2S,4R,5R)-2-Isobutyl-4-(3-methyl-isoxaxol-5-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2- carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 63; 0.10 g, 0.26 mmol) and triethylamine (40 uL, 0.29 mmol) were added to a solution of 3-methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride (0.065 g, 0.29 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (1 mL) at room temperature under nitrogen.
- Stage B The tert-butyl ester was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 1 day before being concentrated in vacuo. The residue was re-evaporated from dichloromethane (x2) then toluene, then triturated with diethyl ether to afford the title compound, a solid. nOe NMR spectroscopy showed this to be the re/-(2S,4R,5R)-diastereoisomer. oo
- Stage A Enantiomer A of re/-(2S,4R,5R)-2-isobutyl-4-(3-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(l,3- thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 25; 0.170 g, 0.434 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) and 3-methyl-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride (1.2 eq) and triethylamine (1.25 eq) were added.
- Stage B The tert-butyl ester (0.025 g, 0.044 mmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. The mixture was evaporated and the residue purified by chromatography on silica gel using a gradient of cyclohexane-ethyl acetate (from 100:0 to 50:50 v/v) as eluent to afford the title compound, a solid.
- Stage A 3-methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride (0.173 g, 0.765 mmol) and triethylamine (0.11 mL, 0.797 mmol) were added to a solution of rel-(2S,4S,5R)-2-Isobutyl-4-(3-methyl-l,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 65; 0.25 g, 0.638 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours then evaporated.
- Stage A 3-methoxy-4-tert-butylbenzoyl chloride (0.194 g, 0.857 mmol) and triethylamine (0.12 mL, 0.893 mmol) were added to a solution of rel-(2S,4R,5R)-2-Isobutyl-4-(3-methyl-l,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-(l,3-thiazol-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester (Intermediate 66; 0.28 g, 0.714 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hours then evaporated.
- compositions for use in therapy comprising a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in admixture with one or more physiologically acceptable diluents or carriers.
- the compounds of the present invention can be administered by different routes including intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, oral, topical, transdermal, or transmucosal administration.
- oral administration is preferred.
- the compounds can be formulated into conventional oral dosage forms such as capsules, tablets and liquid preparations such as syrups, elixirs and concentrated drops.
- injection parenteral administration
- the compounds of the invention are formulated in liquid solutions, preferably, in physiologically compatible buffers or solutions, such as saline solution, Hank's solution, or Ringer's solution.
- the compounds may be formulated in solid form and redissolved or suspended immediately prior to use. Lyophilized forms can also be produced.
- Systemic administration can also be by transmucosal or transdermal means.
- penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation.
- penetrants are generally known in the art, and include, for example, for transmucosal administration, bile salts and fusidic acid derivatives.
- detergents may be used to facilitate permeation.
- Transmucosal administration for example, may be through nasal sprays, rectal suppositories, or vaginal suppositories.
- the compounds of the invention can be formulated into ointments, salves, gels, or creams, as is generally known in the art.
- the amounts of various compounds to be administered can be determined by standard procedures taking into account factors such as the compound (IC50) potency, (EC 50 ) efficacy, and the biological half-life (of the compound), the age, size and weight of the patient, and the disease or disorder associated with the patient. The importance of these and other factors to be considered are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- Amounts administered also depend on the routes of administration and the degree of oral bioavailability. For example, for compounds with low oral bioavailability, relatively higher doses will have to be administered. Oral administration is a preferred method of administration of the present compounds.
- the composition is in unit dosage form.
- a tablet, or capsule may be administered, for nasal application, a metered aerosol dose may be administered, for transdermal application, a topical formulation or patch may be administered and for transmucosal delivery, a buccal patch may be administered.
- dosing is such that the patient may administer a single dose.
- Each dosage unit for oral administration contains suitably from 0.01 to 500 mg/Kg, and preferably from 0.1 to 50 mg/Kg, of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, calculated as the free base.
- the daily dosage for parenteral, nasal, oral inhalation, transmucosal or transdermal routes contains suitably from 0.01 mg to 100 mg/Kg, of a compound of Formula(I).
- a topical formulation contains suitably 0.01 to 5.0% of a compound of Formula (I).
- the active ingredient may be administered from 1 to 6 times per day, preferably once, sufficient to exhibit the desired activity, as is readily apparent to one skilled in the art.
- Composition of Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts which are active when given orally can be formulated as syrups, tablets, capsules and lozenges.
- a syrup formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the compound or salt in a liquid carrier for example, ethanol, peanut oil. olive oil, glycerine or water with a flavoring or coloring agent.
- a liquid carrier for example, ethanol, peanut oil. olive oil, glycerine or water with a flavoring or coloring agent.
- any pharmaceutical carrier routinely used for preparing solid formulations may be used. Examples of such carriers include magnesium stearate, terra alba, talc, gelatin, acacia, stearic acid, starch, lactose and sucrose.
- composition is in the form of a capsule
- any routine encapsulation is suitable, for example using the aforementioned carriers in a hard gelatin capsule shell.
- composition is in the form of a soft gelatin shell capsule
- any pharmaceutical carrier routinely used for preparing dispersions or suspensions may be considered, for example aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils, and are incorporated in a soft gelatin capsule shell.
- Typical parenteral compositions consist of a solution or suspension of a compound or salt in a sterile aqueous or non-aqueous carrier optionally containing a parenterally acceptable oil, for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
- Typical compositions for inhalation are in the form of a solution, suspension or emulsion that may be administered as a dry powder or in the form of an aerosol using a conventional propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane or trichlorofluoromethane.
- a typical suppository formulation comprises a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which is active when administered in this way, with a binding and/or lubricating agent, for example polymeric glycols, gelatins, cocoa-butter or other low melting vegetable waxes or fats or their synthetic analogs.
- a binding and/or lubricating agent for example polymeric glycols, gelatins, cocoa-butter or other low melting vegetable waxes or fats or their synthetic analogs.
- Typical dermal and transdermal formulations comprise a conventional aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle, for example a cream, ointment, lotion or paste or are in the form of a medicated plaster, patch or membrane.
- Reaction Conditions were 22 ⁇ M [ 3 H]-UTP (0.75 Ci/mMol), 1 mM-Dithiothreitol, 3.2 mM-MgCl 2 , 20 mM-Tris-HCl, pH7.0, 10 ⁇ g/mL polyA-oligoU, and 90 mM-NaCl. Note that 50mM-NaCl is added with the enzyme
- HCV RNA Polymerase Recombinant full-length NS5B (Lohmann et al, J. Virol. 71 (11), 1997, 8416 'Biochemical properties of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and identification of amino acid sequence motifs essential for enzymatic activity') expressed in baculovirus and purified to homogeneity) was diluted to about 50 ⁇ g protein/mL (dependent on specific activity) in 50mM-Hepes, pH7.0, 0.5M-NaCl, 20%-Glycerol, 0.05%-Triton X-100, 5mM- Dithiothreitol, O.lmM-EDTA.
- 5x Concentrated Buffer mix was prepared using lM-Tris-HCl (pH7.0, lmL), lM-MgCl 2 (0.16mL), lM-Dithiothreitol (0.05mL), 5M-NaCl (0.4mL), and Water (8.4mL), Total lOmL.
- Substrate Mix was prepared using 5x Concentrated Buffer mix (12 ⁇ L), [ 3 H]-UTP (1 ⁇ Ci/ ⁇ L; 21.7 ⁇ , l ⁇ L), 22 ⁇ M-UTP (100 ⁇ M, 13.2 ⁇ L), 10 ⁇ g/mL polyA-oligoU (100 ⁇ g/mL, 6 ⁇ L), and Water (12.8 ⁇ L), Total 45 ⁇ L.
- the Assay was set up using Substrate Mix (45 ⁇ L), compound (lO ⁇ L), and Diluted Enzyme (added last to start reaction) (5 ⁇ L), Total 60 ⁇ L.
- the reaction was performed in a U-bottomed, clear, 96-well plate.
- the reaction was mixed on a plate-shaker, after addition of the Enzyme, and incubated for 2h at 22°C. After this time, the reaction was stopped by addition of 25 ⁇ L of 1 OOmM-EDTA.
- a DEAE Filtermat (Part No. 1205-405 from Pharmacia) was pre-washed in water and alcohol and dried. 2 x 20 ⁇ L of the Stopped Assay Mix was spotted onto a square of the DEAE Filtermat. The DEAE Filtermat was washed for 2x 15min in SSC buffer (0.3M-NaCl, 30mM-Na Citrate) followed by 2x 2 in in water and Ix lmin in alcohol. The Filtermat was dried and sealed in a bag together with lOmL of OptiScint HiSafe scintillation fluid. The radioactivity present on the filtermat was detected by scintillation counting on a Wallac 1205 Betaplate counter.
- the exemplified compounds all had an IC 5 0 of ⁇ 50 ⁇ M. Accordingly, the compounds of the invention are of potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment and prophylaxis of HCV. Preferred compounds had an IC 50 of ⁇ l ⁇ M.
- a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in human or veterinary medicine, particularly in the treatment or prophylaxis of viral infection, particularly HCV infection.
- references herein to treatment includes, but is not limited to prevention, retardation, prophylaxis, therapy and cure of the disease. It will further be appreciated that references herein to treatment or prophylaxis of HCV infection includes treatment or prophylaxis of HCV-associated disease such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of viral infection, particularly HCV infection.
- a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in medical therapy particularly use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a viral infection, particularly HCV infection.
- a method for the treatment of a human or animal subject with viral infection, particularly HCV infection comprises administering to said human or animal subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (J) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
- compositions according to the invention may also be used in combination with other therapeutic agents, for example immune therapies (eg. interferon), therapeutic vaccines, antifibrotic agents, anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids or NSAIDs, bronchodilators such as beta-2 adrenergic agonists and xanthines (e.g. theophylline), mucolytic agents, anti- muscarinics, anti-leukotrienes, inhibitors of cell adhesion (e.g.
- compositions according to the invention may also be used in combination with gene replacement therapy.
- the invention thus provides, in a further aspect, a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof together with another therapeutically active agent.
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Abstract
Description
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JP2003540175A JP2005511573A (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2002-10-30 | 4- (5-membered) -heteroarylacylpyrrolidine derivatives as HCV inhibitors |
EP02790316A EP1440070A1 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2002-10-30 | 4-(5-membered)-heteroaryl acyl pyrrolidine derivatives as hcv inhibitors |
US10/494,114 US20050043545A1 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2002-10-30 | 4-(5-Membered)-heteroaryl acyl pyrrolidine derivatives as hcv inhibitors |
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GB0126441A GB0126441D0 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2001-11-02 | Compounds |
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GB0219320A GB0219320D0 (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2002-08-19 | Compounds |
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WO2024059005A1 (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2024-03-21 | Jnana Therapeutics Inc. | Treating pku with correctors of mammalian slc6a19 function |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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MY179840A (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2020-11-18 | National Health Res Inst | Proline derivatives |
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- 2002-10-30 US US10/494,114 patent/US20050043545A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-10-30 EP EP02790316A patent/EP1440070A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005511573A (en) | 2005-04-28 |
TW200302822A (en) | 2003-08-16 |
US20050043545A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
AR037181A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
EP1440070A1 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
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