WO2003036083A1

WO2003036083A1 - Wind power generator

Info

Publication number: WO2003036083A1
Application number: PCT/JP2001/010880
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ryoichi Otaki; Hiroyuki Itoh; Atsushi Oshima; Hideo Okano
Original assignee: Nsk Ltd.
Priority date: 2001-10-25
Filing date: 2001-12-12
Publication date: 2003-05-01
Also published as: US20040247437A1

Abstract

A wind power generator arranged to be installed in a general home and having an excellent power generation efficiency and low operating sound. A transmission (3) is disposed between a propeller (1) being rotated by wind and a power generator (5). The transmission (3) is a wedge roller type friction roller transmission and functions as a speed-up gear.

Description

Specification

Technical field

The present invention relates to an improvement of a wind power generator that generates electric power by using wind power, and relates to a structure that can efficiently generate electric power even when the wind speed is low, and can be easily installed in ordinary households and small business establishments. It will be realized. Background art

In recent years, wind power generation, which is a power generation method using natural energy, has been attracting attention for the purpose of improving the global environment by reducing carbon dioxide. The wind power generator rotates the propeller using the kinetic energy of the wind, and drives the generator to rotate by a rotating shaft that connects the center of the propeller. Conventionally used wind power generators generally connect the propeller and the generator directly without using a transmission or the like, or with a gear-type transmission (gearbox). Was. On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-1575743, a toroidal type continuously variable transmission, which is a friction transmission, is incorporated between the propeller and the generator, and the rotation speed of the propeller is affected. Instead, a wind power generator that drives the generator to rotate at a constant speed is described. In the case of a structure in which the above-mentioned propeller is directly connected to a general generator, the rotation speed of the generator at one time is low, and sufficient power generation efficiency cannot be obtained in many cases.

Also, in the case of a structure that is connected via a gear type transmission (gearbox), since loud driving noise is generated at this transmission, install it near a place where people live, such as near a private house. This may cause noise problems.

Furthermore, in the case of a structure incorporating a toroidal-type continuously variable transmission, it is difficult not only to increase the cost but also to increase the speed increase ratio, and to realize a small-sized device with high power generation efficiency.

For this reason, in the case of the conventional structure, it has been difficult to realize a wind power generation device that can be easily installed in ordinary households and small business establishments, and has good power generation efficiency. The wind power generator of the present invention has been invented in view of such circumstances. Disclosure of the invention

A wind power generator according to the present invention comprises, similarly to a conventionally known wind power generator, a propeller that rotates by receiving wind, a transmission in which the propeller is coupled to an end of an input shaft, and an output of the transmission. A generator rotatably driven by a shaft, wherein the transmission is a wedge roller type friction roller type transmission.

The wedge roller type friction roller type transmission includes an outer ring, a center roller, a plurality of support shafts, and a plurality of intermediate rollers.

Of these, the outer ring rotates with the rotation of the input shaft, and its inner peripheral surface is a drive-side cylindrical surface.

The center roller rotates together with the output shaft, and its outer peripheral surface is a driven-side cylindrical surface.

Further, each of the support shafts is disposed in an annular space between the driven-side cylindrical surface and the drive-side cylindrical surface in parallel with the center roller.

Each of the intermediate rollers is rotatably supported by each of the support shafts, and each outer peripheral surface is a cylindrical surface for transmitting a driving force.

Further, by eccentricizing the center of the center roller and the centers of the input shaft and the outer ring, the width of the annular space in the radial direction is made uneven in the circumferential direction. One of the intermediate rollers is movable at least in such a manner as to be movable at least in the circumferential direction of the annular space, and the remaining intermediate rollers are guide rollers.

When the center roller and the outer ring rotate in a predetermined direction at a speed ratio corresponding to the speed change ratio between the output shaft and the input shaft, the intermediate roller serving as the movable roller is moved to the width of the annular space. It can be moved toward a narrow part.

Further, the wind power generator may include a propeller that rotates by receiving the wind, and a generator that is rotated by the propeller. The generator includes a generator case and a rotatable interior of the generator case. A rotating shaft that is supported by the motor and rotates together with the output shaft of the transmission, and is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft at an axial distance, each of which is made of a magnetic material. A plurality of yokes, a permanent magnet supported on the axial side surface of the yoke and having S and N poles alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and a phase in the axial direction on the inner circumferential surface of the generator case. Axial type slotless power generator comprising: a plurality of coil holders fixed to portions deviating from the respective yokes; Machine. ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention comprised as mentioned above, it can be easily installed also in a general household, a small business establishment, etc., and also can implement | achieve a wind power generator with good power generation efficiency.

In other words, in the case of a wind turbine with a built-in transmission, the speed of the propeller, which rotates in response to the wind, is increased by the transmission and transmitted to the generator. Good power generation. In particular, the wedge roller type friction roller type transmission has a driving force transmitting cylindrical surface that is the outer peripheral surface of each intermediate roller when stopped, a driven cylindrical surface that is the outer peripheral surface of the center roller, and an inner peripheral surface of the outer ring. The contact pressure with the drive side cylindrical surface is low, and the torque (starting torque) required to start the rotation of the input shaft is small. For this reason, the propeller can be started to rotate even in a light wind, and the power generation efficiency can be improved accordingly.

In addition, since the above transmission is a friction roller type transmission, the noise generated during operation is smaller than when a gear type transmission is used, and it is installed near a place where people live, such as near a private house. However, noise problems are unlikely to occur.

Further, the friction roller type transmission is a wedge roller type transmission, and the surface pressure of the contact portion between each of the driving force transmitting cylindrical surfaces and the driven-side cylindrical surface and the driving-side cylindrical surface is equal to the input pressure. It changes appropriately according to the magnitude of the torque (torque) transmitted from the shaft to the output shaft. For this reason, regardless of the fluctuation of the rotational force of the propeller which changes according to the wind speed, the rotational force of the propeller can be efficiently transmitted to the generator. Since the contact pressure of the contact portion increases after the propeller starts rotating, the increase of the contact pressure does not hinder the start of rotation of the propeller.

In addition, in the case of a wind turbine generator that does not need to incorporate a transmission, the efficiency is improved by using an efficient axial type slotless generator, such as a small driving torque. Power generation. For this reason, when a wedge roller type friction roller type transmission is incorporated between the propeller and the generator, Even if the propeller is directly connected to the generator without incorporating the power, it is possible to obtain the required power generation. Furthermore, since the driving speed of the generator can be kept low, even when a gear type transmission is used, the noise generated in this transmission can be kept low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the upper center of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged BB sectional view of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a second example of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the third example.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a part C of FIG. 6, which is partially omitted.

FIG. 8 is a view of the generator and the permanent magnets taken out from the left side of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of the coil holder and the coil of the generator taken out and viewed from the left in FIG.

Fig. 10 shows the basic structure of a general slotless generator. (A) is a cross-sectional view of a virtual plane including the central axis, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of a virtual plane orthogonal to the central axis. FIG.

FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 10 (A), showing a state in which the diameter is increased in order to increase the power generation capacity of the slotless generator.

FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 10 (A), showing a state in which the axial length is also increased.

FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 10 (A), showing a state where a plurality of generators are similarly arranged in the axial direction. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

1 to 4 show a first example of an embodiment of the present invention. The wind power generation device of the present invention is similar to a conventionally known wind power generation device. A transmission 3, in which the propeller 1 is coupled to an end of the input shaft 2, and a generator 5 that is driven to rotate by an output shaft 4 of the transmission 3. That is, the rotation of the propeller 1 is transmitted to the rotor 6 of the generator 5 via the transmission 3, and this port 6 is placed inside a stator 8 installed on the inner peripheral surface of the generator case 7. To generate an electromotive force in this stage 8.

The main body 9 of the power generator, including the propeller 1, the transmission 3, and the generator 5, is rotatably supported on the upper end of the fixed support 10 around a vertical axis. That is, at the upper end of a hollow cylindrical column 10 fixed to the ground or on the roof in the vertical direction, a hollow cylindrical rotating shaft 11 protruding from the lower surface of the main body 9 is also provided with a deep groove type. Rolling bearings 12 that can support radial and axial loads, such as ball bearings, are rotatably supported. Since the center of gravity of the main body portion 9 is located on an extension of the central axis of the rotary shaft 11, the tilting moment applied to the rotary shaft 11 is only a wind force. Therefore, the main body 9 is rotatable around the rotation axis 11 with a small force. In consideration of the average wind speed received by the propeller 1, the extension of the center axis of the rotation shaft 11 may be located slightly closer to the propeller 1 than the center of gravity of the main body portion 9.

In any case, the cable 13 for extracting the electric power generated by the generator 5 is disposed in the internal space of the rotating shaft 11 and the support 10. A slip ring (not shown) is provided in the middle of the cable 13 to prevent the cable 13 from being twisted regardless of the rotation of the main body 9. In the case of wind power generation, since the amount of power generation frequently changes with the change in wind speed, the end of the cable 13 is connected to, for example, a battery, and the power stored in this battery is taken out and used as needed. The configuration may be as follows.

On the other hand, the transmission 3 is unitized by housing the constituent members in a housing 14. The housing 14 is made of a steel or aluminum alloy and has a bottomed cylindrical housing body 15 and a steel or aluminum alloy lid 16 that closes the base opening of the housing body 15. Become. The inner half of the center roller 17 (the left half in FIGS. 1 and 2) is inserted into the housing 14 through a through hole 18 formed substantially in the center of the lid 16. . The through hole 18 is provided with the lid 16 It is located slightly off the center of the area. Further, the end of the rotating shaft 19 of the generator 5, which is also the output shaft 4, is connected to the outer end of the center roller 17 (the right end in FIGS. 1 and 2). In the illustrated example, the center roller 17 having a smaller diameter than the rotating shaft 19 is integrally provided at the end of the rotating shaft 19. Both ends of the rotating shaft 19 are mounted on the bottom of the generator case 7 and the lid 16, respectively, to support a radial load and an axial load such as a deep groove type or an angular type ball bearing. It is rotatably supported by a pair of independent rolling bearings 20. In addition, a seal ring 21 is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 18 and the outer peripheral surface of the end of the rotating shaft 19, so that grease such as traction grease existing in the housing 14 is removed. It does not enter the generator case 7 side.

In addition, three support shafts 22 and 22 a are arranged inside the housing 14 and around the center roller 17 in parallel with the center roller 17. That is, one end (the right end in FIGS. 1 and 2) of each of the support shafts 22 and 22a is supported by the lid 16 and the other end (the left end in FIGS. 1 and 2) is It is supported by a ring-shaped connecting plate 23 made of metal such as steel.

Of the three support shafts 22 and 22a, the two support shafts 22 located at the upper center and the lower left side in FIG. 3 have both ends attached to the lid 16 and the connecting plate 23. It is press-fitted and fixed in the formed fitting hole 24. Therefore, the two support shafts 22 are not displaced in the housing 14 in the circumferential or diametrical direction. On the other hand, the remaining one support shaft 22a located on the lower right side of FIG. 3 has both ends in the circumferential direction of the housing 14 with respect to the lid 16 and the connecting plate 23. It is supported with a slight displacement in the diametric direction. For this reason, a portion of the lid 16 and the connecting plate 23 that is aligned with both ends of the support shaft 22a has a width and length larger than the outer diameter of the support shaft 22a. A support hole 25 having a height is formed, and both ends of the support shaft 22 a are loosely engaged with the support holes 25.

Guide rollers 26a, 2Qb and movable rollers 27, each of which is an intermediate roller, are provided around the intermediate portion of each of the support shafts 22, 22a, respectively. By 8, it is supported rotatably. The connecting plate 23 is connected to the inner surface of the lid 16 (the guide rollers 26a and 26b and the movable roller 27). On the space side where is installed, the left side of Figs. 1 and 2)

26 b and a protrusion 29 protruding from a position deviated from the movable roller 27, and are connected and fixed to the lid 16 by connection bolts 30. Thrust washers 31a and 31b are respectively rotated between the axial end surfaces of the guide rollers 26a and 26b and the movable roller 27 and the connecting plate 23 and the lid 16 respectively. The rollers 26a, 26b, and 27 are provided freely so that the rotation of the rollers 26a, 26b, and 27 can be performed smoothly. Each of the thrust washers 31a and 31b is preferably made of a material having a low coefficient of friction, such as a polyamide resin, a polyacetal resin, or a polyphenylene sulfide resin, which functions as a sliding bearing.

A cylindrical outer ring 32 is provided inside the housing 14 to surround the guide rollers 26 a and 26 b and the movable opening roller 27, and an inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 32 is provided. The driving-side cylindrical surface is 3 3. The driving-side cylindrical surface 33 and the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34, which is the outer peripheral surface of the guide rollers 26 a and 26 b and the movable roller 27,

3 and 4 can be freely contacted. The base end of the input shaft 2 (the right end in FIGS. 1 and 2) is connected to the outer ring 32 via a connecting plate 35. A boss 37 provided at the center of the outer ring 32 at a position where the base end of the input shaft 2 is joined is attached to a support cylinder 38 formed at the center of the housing body 15. The intermediate end of the input shaft 2 near the end is placed in the device housing 39, and a pair of rolling bearings 40, each of which is capable of supporting radial and axial loads, such as a deep groove or angular ball bearing, is used. , Rotatably supported. The center of the propeller 1 is fixedly connected to a portion of the input shaft 2 that protrudes out of the device housing 39 at the tip (the left end in FIGS. 1 and 2). In addition, a seal ring 41 is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the boss portion 37 and the inner peripheral surface of the support cylinder portion 38 so that foreign matter such as rainwater does not enter the housing 14. I have.

In the case of the present example, the outer ring 32 is provided inside the housing 14 so as to be rotatable and slightly displaceable in the radial direction. That is, in the case of the present example, the plurality of protruding pieces 42 formed on the outer peripheral edge of the connecting plate 35 and one axial edge of the outer ring 32 (the left edge in FIGS. 1 and 2). The formed notch 43 is slightly displaceably engaged in the radial direction. Also, insert each protruding piece 4 2 into each notch 4 In the state where it is inserted into the inner part of the outer ring 32 (the right part of FIGS. 1 and 2), the retaining ring 45 is locked in the locking groove 44 formed in the inner peripheral surface of the end of the outer ring 32, and The protruding pieces 42 are prevented from falling out of the respective notches 43. Therefore, the outer race 32 and the connecting plate 35 are connected to each other so as to be able to freely transmit a rotational force and to be slightly displaceable relative to the radial direction.

Further, the driving force transmitting cylindrical surfaces 34, which are the outer peripheral surfaces of the guide rollers 26a, 26b and the movable roller 27, respectively, are driven on the outer peripheral surface of the center roller 17 respectively. The side cylindrical surface 46 is in contact with the driving cylindrical surface 33 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 32. The center of the center roller 17 and the centers of the input shaft 2 and the outer ring 32 are eccentric to each other. That is, as described above, the through hole 18 that passes through the center roller 17 is provided at a position slightly deviated from the center of the housing 14, while the input shaft 2 is inserted therethrough. The support cylinder 38 is provided at the center of the housing 14. The input shaft 2 and the outer ring 32, which are rotatably supported inside the support cylinder 38, are substantially concentric with each other. Therefore, the center opening 17 and the outer ring 32 and the input shaft 2 are eccentric with respect to each other by the amount of deviation δ of the through hole 18 from the center of the housing 14. The guide roller exists between the driven cylindrical surface 46 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the center roller 17 and the driven cylindrical surface 33 provided on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 32. The radial width of the annular space 47 provided with the rollers 26a and 26b and the movable roller 27 is not uniform in the circumferential direction by an amount corresponding to the eccentricity of 3 minutes. .

As described above, the outer diameters of the guide rollers 26a and 26b and the movable roller 27 are made different by an amount that the width of the annular space 47 in the radial direction is made uneven in the circumferential direction. That is, the diameters of the guide roller 26 b and the movable roller 27 located on the side where the center roller 17 is eccentric with respect to the outer ring 32 (the lower side in FIG. 3) are the same and relatively small. ing. On the other hand, the diameter of the guide roller 26 a located on the opposite side (upper side in FIG. 3) of the center roller 17 with respect to the outer ring 32 is set to the diameter of the guide roller 26 b and the movable roller 2. It is larger than 7. The driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34, which is the outer peripheral surface of each of the three guide rollers 26a and 26b and the movable roller 27, is connected to the drive side and the driven The moving side is in contact with each of the cylindrical surfaces 33, 46. The guide rollers 26a, 26b and the movable rollers 2 are used to prevent excessive surface pressure due to edge load from being applied to the contact portions of these surfaces 34, 33, 46. It is preferable to apply appropriate crowning to the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34, which is the outer peripheral surface of 7. In this case, the generatrix shape of each of the driving-side and driven-side cylindrical surfaces 33 and 46 may be a straight line.

Of the two guide rollers 26a and 26b and one movable roller 27, each of which is an intermediate roller, a support shaft 2 that supports both guide rollers 26a and 26b. 2 is fixed in the housing 14 as described above. On the other hand, the support shaft 22 a supporting the movable opening roller 27 freely supports a slight displacement in the circumferential direction and the diametric direction in the housing 14 as described above. . Therefore, the movable roller 27 is also slightly displaceable in the circumferential direction and the diametrical direction in the housing 14. A support shaft 22 a supporting the movable roller 27 is supported by an elastic material of a compression coil spring 49 mounted in a cylinder hole 48 of the lid 16 and the connecting plate 23. The movable roller 27 rotatably supported by 22a is elastically pressed to move toward the narrow portion of the annular space 47. In the example shown in the figure, a pair of pressing pins 5 having outwardly flange-shaped flanges 50 formed at the respective ends (the lower left end in FIG. 3 and the lower end in FIG. 4) by the compression coil spring 49 are provided. 1, and both ends of the support shaft 22a are pressed in the same direction by these two pressing pins 51.

The operation of the wind turbine generator of the present invention incorporating the transmission 3 configured as described above is as follows.

When the wind blows, the propeller 1 rotates. The device housing 39 on which the main body 9 is installed is rotatably supported around the rotating shaft 11 arranged vertically, and the propeller 1 of the device housing 39 is provided. At the opposite end, a wind guide plate 52 is provided, so that the propeller 1 effectively receives the wind and rotates in the direction in which the wind blows.

The rotation of the propeller 1 is transmitted to the outer ring 32 via the input shaft 2 and the connecting plate 35, and the outer ring 32 rotates clockwise in FIG. The rotation of the outer ring 32 is driven by the drive-side cylindrical surface 33, which is the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 32, and the guide rollers 26a, Through the outer diameter side contact portions 5 3 a and 5 3 b which are the contact portions with the driving force transmitting cylindrical surfaces 34 and 34 which are the outer peripheral surfaces of the movable roller 26 and the movable roller 27. The light is transmitted to the guide rollers 26 a and 26 b and the movable roller 27. Further, the rotation of the guide rollers 26 a and 26 b and the movable roller 27 is controlled by the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34 and the driven cylindrical surface 4, which is the outer peripheral surface of the central roller 17. It is transmitted to the central opening 17 via the inner diameter side contact portions 54a and 54b, which are the contact portions with 6. The rotating shaft 19 of the generator 5, which also serves as the output shaft 4 provided integrally with the center roller 17, and the mouth 6 provided around the rotating shaft 19 are rotationally driven. I do. As a result, an electromotive force is generated in the stay 8 disposed around the mouth 6, and the power is taken out by the cable 13.

When the outer ring 32 rotates clockwise in FIG. 3, the movable roller 27 is driven by the force applied from the outer ring 32 and the elasticity of the compression coil springs 49 so that the movable side and the driven side are respectively driven. In the annular space 47 existing between the cylindrical surfaces 33 and 46, the annular space 47 moves toward the narrow portion (the lower central portion in FIG. 3) of the annular space 47. As a result, the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34, which is the outer peripheral surface of the movable roller 27, strongly presses the driven-side cylindrical surface 46 and the driving-side cylindrical surface 33. Further, an inner diameter side contact portion 54b which is a contact portion between the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34 relating to the movable roller 27 and the driven side cylindrical surface 46, and the movable roller 27 The contact pressure of the outer diameter side contact portion 53b, which is the contact portion between the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34 and the driving side cylindrical surface 33, increases. When the contact pressure of both the inner and outer diameter contact portions 54b and 53b with respect to the movable roller 27 increases, at least one of the center roller 17 and the outer ring 32 becomes It is slightly displaced in the diametric direction based on the assembling gap or elastic deformation. As a result, the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34, which is the outer peripheral surface of the guide rollers 26a, 26b, which are the remaining two intermediate rollers, and the driven cylindrical surface 4, which is the outer peripheral surface of the center roller 17 described above. 6, the two inner diameter side contact portions 5a which are the contact portions with 6, the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34 which is the outer peripheral surface of each of the guide rollers 26a and 26b, and the outer ring

The contact pressure of the two outer diameter side contact portions 53 a which is the contact portion with the drive side cylindrical surface 33 which is the inner peripheral surface of 32 becomes high. Then, the center roller 17 rotates counterclockwise in FIG. The force for moving the movable roller 27 toward the narrow portion of the annular space 47 in the annular space 47 is the torque transmitted from the outer ring 32 to the center roller 17. It changes according to the size. That is, as the torque transmitted from the propeller 1 to the outer ring 32 through the input shaft 2 increases, the force for moving the movable roller 27 toward the narrow portion of the annular space 47 increases. Becomes larger. And, as this force increases, the contact pressures of the inner and outer contact portions 54a, 54b, 53a, 53b increase. Conversely, when the driving torque is small, the contact pressures of the inner and outer contact portions 54a, 54b, 53a, 53b are small. Therefore, the contact pressure of the inner and outer contact portions 54a, 54b, 53a, 53b is transmitted between the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 4. The transmission efficiency of the friction roller type transmission can be increased by setting the appropriate value according to the magnitude of the torque to be performed. On the other hand, for example, as in the case where the wind direction suddenly changes and the propeller 1 receives the wind before the main body portion 9 changes direction and the propeller rotates in the reverse direction, the center roller 17 is stopped and the above-mentioned state is maintained. Including the case where the outer ring 32 rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 3 (the speed of the outer ring 32 becomes negative), the rotation speed of the center roller 17 is higher than the rotation speed corresponding to the rotation speed of the input shaft 2. In such a case, the movable roller 27 is piled on the elasticity of each of the compression coil springs 49 by the force applied from the central roller 17 or the outer ring 32, and Within 7, move toward the wide part (the central part on the right side in FIG. 3) of this annular space 47. As a result, the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34, which is the outer peripheral surface of the movable roller 27, does not press the driven-side cylindrical surface 46 and the driving-side cylindrical surface 33. An outer diameter side contact portion which is a contact portion between the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34 and the driven cylindrical surface 46 relating to the movable roller 27 and the guide rollers 26 a and 26 b. 5 3 a, 5 3 b and the contact between the movable roller 27 and the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34 on the guide rollers 26 a and 26 b and the driving-side cylindrical surface 33 The contact pressure of the inner diameter side contact portions 54a and 54b, which are the portions, is reduced or lost. As a result, the rotation of the outer ring 32 is not transmitted to the rotating shaft 19. Therefore, even when the generator 5 is of a DC type, no electromotive force is generated in the generator 5 in the reverse direction.

Further, in the case of the friction roller type transmission 3 shown in the figure, the above guide rollers 26 a, Even if the outer diameter and mounting position of 26 b are slightly displaced, the constituent members are elastically deformed, and even if the outer ring 32 thermally expands, the outer circumference of each of these guide rollers 26 a and 26 b Of the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34, which is the outer peripheral surface of the center roller 17, and the driving cylindrical surface 33, which is the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 32. The contact surface pressure at the contact part can be regulated as designed. That is, when the outer diameters and mounting positions of the guide rollers 26a and 26b are shifted, the movable roller 27 is displaced to a portion where the width dimension of the annular space 47 is narrow. The outer ring 32 is displaced in the radial direction. The driving force transmitting cylindrical surfaces 34, which are the outer peripheral surfaces of the guide rollers 26a and 26b and the movable roller 27, and the driven side, which is the outer peripheral surface of the center roller 17 The contact surface pressure of the contact portion between the cylindrical surface 46 and the drive-side cylindrical surface 33 that is the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 32 is set to the designed value. Therefore, high transmission efficiency can be obtained even when the outer diameter or the mounting position is slightly displaced, or when the constituent members are deformed in nature. Further, even when the center axis of the input shaft 2 and the center axis of the outer ring 32 are slightly displaced due to an assembly error, an external force due to a strong wind, etc., the protruding pieces 4 2 and the notches 4 3 The engaging portion of the transmission 3 absorbs this shift, thereby preventing excessive stress from being applied to each component of the transmission 3.

The wind turbine generator of the present invention incorporating the wedge roller type friction roller type transmission as described above as the transmission 3 can be easily installed in ordinary households and small business establishments, and has good power generation efficiency. Can be.

That is, since the speed of the rotation of the propeller 1 that rotates by receiving the wind is increased by the transmission 3 and transmitted to the generator 5, even when the wind speed is low, the rotor 6 of the generator 5 is rotated at a high speed, Power generation can be performed efficiently. In particular, when the wedge roller type friction roller type variable speed gear is stopped, the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34 which is the outer peripheral surface of the movable roller 27 and the guide rollers 26a and 26b, and the center The contact pressure between the driven-side cylindrical surface 46, which is the outer peripheral surface of the roller 17, and the drive-side cylindrical surface 33, which is the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 32, is low. Therefore, the torque (starting torque) required to start the rotation of the input shaft 2 connected to the outer ring 32 is small. Therefore, the rotation of the propeller 1 can be started even in a light wind, and the power generation efficiency can be improved accordingly. In addition, since the transmission 3 is a friction roller type transmission, a gear type such as a planetary gear type may be used. The noise generated during operation is lower than when using a high-speed gear, and noise problems are less likely to occur even when installed near a place where people live, such as near a private house. In particular, since no gears or belts that easily generate noise are used in the power transmission system from the above-mentioned probe 1 to the above-mentioned generator 5, an excellent noise prevention effect can be obtained.

The friction roller type transmission 3 is a wedge roller type, and a contact portion between the driving force transmitting cylindrical surface 34, the driven cylindrical surface 46, and the driving cylindrical surface 33. The surface pressure changes appropriately according to the magnitude of the torque (torque) transmitted from the input shaft 2 to the output shaft 4. For this reason, the rotational force of the propeller 1 can be efficiently transmitted to the rotor 6 of the generator 3 irrespective of the fluctuation of the rotational force of the propeller 1 that changes according to the wind speed. The contact pressure of the outer diameter side contact portions 53a, 53b and the inner diameter side contact portions 54a, 54b increases due to the action of the movable roller 27. After the above-mentioned mouthpiece 1 starts rotating. Therefore, the increase in the rotational resistance of the input shaft 2 of the transmission 3 due to the increase in the surface pressure does not hinder the rotation of the propeller 1 from starting. Further, since the transmission 3 can obtain a large speed increase ratio, the rotational speed of the propeller 1 can be set low, and the wind noise generated by the propeller 1 can be suppressed low. Next, FIG. 5 shows a second example of the embodiment of the present invention. In the case of the first example described above, the lid 16 constituting the housing 14 for accommodating the transmission 3 also has a function of closing the opening of the generator case 7. In other words, in the case of the first example, the transmission 3 and the generator 5 are integrally configured. On the other hand, in the case of this example, the transmission 3a and the generator 5a have independent housings 14a or generator cases 7a, respectively, and are configured independently of each other. ing. However, the center roller of the transmission 3a is provided integrally with the rotating shaft 19a at the tip of the rotating shaft 19a of the generator 5a.

As is clear from Figs. 1 and 2, the center roller 17 of the friction roller type transmission of the wedge roller type can be easily inserted and removed inside the guide rollers 26a, 26b and the movable roller 27. . Therefore, the work of assembling the transmission 3a and the generator 5a independently formed from each other as shown in FIG. 5 can be easily performed. For this reason, it is possible to sell wind turbines for general household use as a kit and to assemble the purchased generators easily. The configuration and operation of the other parts are the same as in the case of the above-described first example, and overlapping drawings and descriptions are omitted.

Next, FIGS. 6 to 9 show a third example of the embodiment of the present invention. In the case of this example, the structure of the first example shown in Figs. 1 to 4 is improved to obtain the following operations and effects of 1) to 3).

① Reduce the wind received by the propeller 1 in strong winds, reduce the force applied to each structural part including the column 10a, and prevent damage to these structural parts.

② Effectively prevent foreign substances such as dust floating in the air from entering the transmission 3b while suppressing the rise in rotational resistance and ensuring power generation efficiency.

③ Improve the power generation efficiency of the generator 5b itself while preventing its size from increasing.

Regarding the basic structure of the present invention, in which the friction roller type transmission 3b is incorporated between the propeller 1 and the generator 5b, the case of the first example shown in FIGS. The description of the equivalent parts is omitted or simplified because it is the same as the case described above, and the points (1) to (3) above, which are the features of this example, will be described below.

First, the part for obtaining the operation and effect of the above ① will be described with reference to FIG. A rotating bracket 56 is mounted on the upper end of a pillar 10a planted on the upper surface of a board 55 fixed to the roof surface, etc., and each can support radial and axial loads, such as a deep groove ball bearing. It is rotatably supported by a pair of upper and lower rolling bearings 57. The main body 9a of the power generator is swingably supported by a horizontal shaft 59 provided on a supporting arm 58 fixed to the upper outer peripheral surface of the rotating bracket 56. For this purpose, the lower end of the swing arm 61 protruding from the bottom of the casing 60 in the axial direction is provided so as to surround the generator case 7b and constitute the main body 9a. It is pivoted on the horizontal axis 59. A seating bracket 63 is fixedly provided at the front end in the axial direction of the bottom surface of the casing 60 (the end on the propeller 1 side, the left end in FIG. 6). In order to catch the wind most efficiently by the propeller 1, the seat bracket 63 is used when the main body 9a is rotated most counterclockwise in FIG. 6, as shown in FIG. Abuts the upper surface of the bracket 56 with a large area to support the weight of the main body 9a and the propeller 1.

On the other hand, the main unit 9a is used when the wind receiving this propeller 1 is strong. In the case of a strong wind, the rocker swings clockwise in FIG. 6 around the horizontal axis 59 and gradually increases the angle between the rotation center axis of the port propeller 1 and the horizontal direction. As a result, the effective area of the propeller 1 that receives the wind is reduced, so that the rotation speed of the propeller 1 is prevented from becoming excessively high, and at the same time, the support structure portion of the propeller 1 including the strut 10 a is included. This prevents excessive force from being applied to the support structure and prevents the support structure from being damaged. The inclination angle of the rotation center axis of the propeller 1 with respect to the horizontal direction with respect to the main body so that the main body 9a automatically returns to the position shown in Fig. 6 when the wind speed decreases. Is provided in the direction of reducing the force. For this reason, the center of gravity of the part that swings around the horizontal axis 59, including the main body 9a and the propeller 1, moves rearward beyond the vertical line passing through the horizontal axis 59 (Fig. 6). Or a return spring is provided between the main body 9a and the rotating bracket 56. The return spring may be a tension spring provided between the front end (the left end in FIG. 6) of the main body portion 9a and the rotating bracket 56, or the support arm 58 and the swing arm 6 A torsion coil spring or the like spanned between them can be used.

Next, a part for obtaining the operation and effect of the above ① will be described with reference to FIG. The base end of the input shaft 2 is connected to the center of the outer ring 32 of the friction roller type transmission 3b having the same structure as that of the first example shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 described above. The boss portion 37a provided in the portion and the portion near the base end of the intermediate portion of the input shaft 2 are provided in the center of the housing body 15a of the housing 14b accommodating the transmission 3b. 38a is rotatably supported by a pair of rolling bearings 40a and 40b, each of which is a deep groove type or angular type ball bearing. Of these two rolling bearings 40a and 40b, a large load is applied to support the large weight of the propeller 1, and the load capacity of the rolling bearing 40a closer to the propeller 1 is relatively small. The load capacity is larger than the load capacity of the rolling bearing 40b on the transmission 3b side, which applies only a load. Furthermore, a seal ring 41 is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the support cylinder 38 a (the left end in FIG. 7) and the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the input shaft 2. For this reason, in the case of the present example, the axial dimension of the above-described support cylindrical portion 38a is larger than the axial size of the above-described first example of the support cylindrical portion 38 (see FIG. 2). A bank-shaped protrusion 64 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the distal end of the support cylindrical portion 38a, and the outer diameter of the distal end is made larger than the outer diameter of the intermediate portion. On the other hand, a coupling bracket 65 for coupling and fixing the base end of the propeller 1 to the input shaft 2 is provided at a portion of the input shaft 2 protruding from the support cylindrical portion 38a at the front end. . The coupling bracket 65 and the input shaft 2 are engaged with each other so that the rotation of the propeller 1 is reliably transmitted to the input shaft 2 via the coupling bracket 65. A cover bracket 66 is screwed and fixed to a portion surrounding the support cylinder 38a on the rear side (right side in FIG. 7) of such a coupling bracket 65. The cover bracket 66 has a crank-shaped cross section and is formed in an annular shape. The distal end of the cover bracket 66 is fixed to the connecting bracket 65 and the outer edge of the support bracket 38a. It is close to the middle part of the surface. The tip edge and the protruding portion 64 form a bent lapillin gap 67 between the support cylinder 38 a and the cover bracket 66. In the case of this example, by forming such a labyrinth gap 67, foreign substances such as dust reaching the sliding contact portion between the inner peripheral edge of the seal ring 41 and the outer peripheral surface of the input shaft 2 are reduced. Thus, the sealing property of the sliding contact portion is kept good over a long period of time.

Next, the part for obtaining the function and effect of the above ③ will be described with reference to Fig. 7 and Figs. The generator 5b used in this example is an axial type slotless generator. In order to configure the generator 5b, a generator case 7b is supported and fixed in the casing 60 via a lid 16a that separates the generator case 7b from the transmission 3b. Then, the base end of the rotary shaft 19 also serving as the output shaft 4 of the transmission 3b is located at the bottom of the generator case 7b, and the portion near the front end of the intermediate portion is approximately the cover 16a. Each is rotatably supported via a rolling bearing 20 inside a through hole 18 provided at the center.

In this way, the intermediate portion of the rotating shaft 19 rotatably supported at the center of the generator case 7b, the portion between the pair of rolling bearings 20 is a circle made of a magnetic material such as a laminated steel plate. A plurality of yokes 68 formed in a ring shape are fixed at intervals in the axial direction. For this reason, in the case of the present example, a retaining ring 69 engaged with a portion near the base end of the rotating shaft 19 and a nut 70 screwed with a portion near the center end of the rotating shaft 19 are provided. Between the yokes 68 and the yokes 68 adjacent in the axial direction. And a cylindrical spacer 71 held between them. In the example shown in the figure, a cylindrical sleeve 72 is externally fitted to the intermediate portion of the rotary shaft 19, and the yokes 68 and the spacers 71 are externally fitted to the sleeve 72. are doing. Further, by hanging a key 73 between each of the yokes 68 and the rotary shaft 19, each of the yokes 68 rotates together with the rotary shaft 19.

A permanent magnet 74 is attached to one side in the axial direction (the left side in FIG. 7) of the other yoke 68 except for the yoke closest to the tip. As shown in FIG. 8, each of these permanent magnets 74 is formed by arranging four elements 75a and 75b, each of which is formed in a substantially quarter-arc shape (sector shape), in an annular shape. Become. These elements 75 a and 75 b are magnetized in the axial direction (left and right in FIG. 7 and front and back in FIG. 8), and the elements 75 a and 75 b adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are mutually magnetized. The magnetization direction is reversed between. Therefore, S poles and N poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction on the tip side surface of each permanent magnet 74.

On the other hand, a plurality of coil holders 76 are fixed to portions of the inner peripheral surface of the generator case 7b whose phases in the axial direction deviate from the yokes 68. Each of the coil holders 76 is made of a nonmagnetic material such as an aluminum alloy or a synthetic resin, and is formed in a ring shape as a whole. A cylindrical spacer 7 is provided between the coil holders 76 adjacent in the axial direction. 7 is fixedly fitted inside the generator case 7b at the axially intermediate portion of the inner peripheral surface of the generator case 7b. In this state, each of the coil holders 76 is positioned between the above-mentioned yoke 68 and the permanent magnet 74 adjacent to each other in the axial direction, in a state in which these two members 68, 74 are closely opposed to each other. (Contact state).

As shown in FIG. 9, a coil 78 is mounted on one axial side (left side in FIG. 7) of each coil holder 76 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the generator case 7b in this manner. A plurality (six in the illustrated example) of each of the coil holders 76 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on an arc centered on the rotating shaft 19. Each of the coils 78 is formed by winding a conductive wire in a bobbin 79 which is a recess in one side in the axial direction of each of the coil holders 76 and is a circular recess. It faces the other side in the axial direction (the right side in Fig. 7).

The propeller 1 receives the wind, and the rotating shaft 19 rotates via the transmission 3b. Then, the yokes 68 and the permanent magnets 74 supported by the yokes 68 rotate. As a result, each of the coils 78 crosses the magnetic flux emitted from each of the permanent magnets 74, and power is generated in each of the coils 78. Therefore, if this electric power is sent to the wiring in the rotating bracket 56 through a flexible cord (not shown), and further sent to power distribution equipment provided on a fixed portion such as the upper surface of the base 55 through a slip ring (not shown) The power generated by the generator 5b can be taken out.

In the case of this example, since the axial type slotless generator is used as the generator 5b, a smaller structure and larger power generation are used as compared with the case where the radial type slotless generator is used. You can get the quantity. This point will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 10 shows a general slotless generator in which a permanent magnet and a coil are radially opposed to each other. This generator 80 is composed of a permanent magnet 81 fixed around the rotating shaft 19 and a coil 84 supported on the inner peripheral surface of the generator case 82 via a stay 83. The inner peripheral surface is opposed. In the case of a slotless generator, the occurrence of cogging due to the presence of the slot, which is a discontinuous portion of the yoke, can be prevented, and a stable operating state can be realized, as compared with a general brushless generator. To increase the amount of power generated by such a radial type slotless generator, as shown in Fig. 11, a permanent magnet 81a, a generator case 82a, a stay case 83a, The diameter of the coil 84a can be increased, or as shown in Fig. 12, the axis of the permanent magnet 8lb, the generator case 82b, the stay case 83b, and the coil 84b It is conceivable to increase the dimension in the direction. However, in the case of a structure with a large diameter as shown in Fig. 11, not only the outer diameter of the generator 80a becomes large, but also the permanent magnet 81 a is easily damaged. When the axial dimension is increased as shown in Fig. 12, not only does the length of the generator 80b increase, but also the outer circumference of the permanent magnet 8 lb and the inner circumference of the coil 84b. It is difficult to make the gap between the surfaces small, and the efficiency tends to decrease. In order to prevent such a decrease in efficiency due to the lengthening, it is conceivable to arrange three sets of generators 80 in series in the axial direction as shown in FIG. However, according to the structure as shown in FIG. 13, a wasteful space is generated between the adjacent generators 80. In other words, the overall axial dimension becomes larger. On the other hand, the axial-type slotless generator used in the third example shown in Figs. 6 to 9 can secure a sufficient amount of power generation without particularly increasing the size.

The axial-type slotless generator as described above requires a small driving torque and has a high power generation efficiency.Therefore, a wedge roller type friction-port type transmission is installed between the propeller and the generator. In addition to the case where the rotating shaft 19 is rotated at a high speed, it is possible to obtain a necessary power generation amount even when the propeller and the generator are directly connected without incorporating a transmission. Furthermore, since a certain amount of power generation can be ensured even when the driving speed of the generator is kept low, even when a gear-type transmission is used, the noise generated in this transmission can be kept low. Therefore, when the axial-type slotless generator is used, the above-mentioned problem can be solved without necessarily using the wedge-roller-type friction roller-type transmission (although it is preferable to use it). Industrial applicability

Since the present invention is configured and operates as described above, a wind power generation device that can be easily installed in a general household or a small business establishment, has a quiet operation sound, and has good power generation efficiency is realized. it can. It should be noted that the same mechanism as that of the wind power generator of the present invention can also be used for a drive mechanism of a small hydroelectric generator using water flow in a stream or agricultural waterway.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A wind turbine generator including a propeller that rotates in response to wind, a transmission in which the propeller is coupled to an end of an input shaft, and a generator that is rotationally driven by an output shaft of the transmission. The transmission includes an outer ring rotating with the rotation of the input shaft, an outer ring having an inner peripheral surface as a driving cylindrical surface, and a center roller rotating with the output shaft, having an outer peripheral surface as a driven cylindrical surface. A plurality of support shafts arranged in parallel with the center roller in an annular space between the driven-side cylindrical surface and the drive-side cylindrical surface; and rotatably supported by the respective support shafts. And a plurality of intermediate rollers each having an outer peripheral surface having a cylindrical surface for transmitting driving force. The center of the central roller and the centers of the input shaft and the outer ring are eccentric to form the diameter of the annular space. The width dimension in the direction is uneven in the circumferential direction In addition, at least one of the plurality of intermediate rollers is displaceably supported at least in the circumferential direction of the annular space to be a movable roller, and the remaining intermediate roller is a guide roller. When the center opening and the outer ring rotate in a predetermined direction at a speed ratio corresponding to a speed ratio between the output shaft and the input shaft, the intermediate roller serving as the movable roller is formed into a narrow portion of the annular space. A wind power generator characterized by a wedge opening-type friction roller type transmission that is movable toward the wind turbine.

2. The main body of the power generator, which houses the transmission and the generator, has a part of a rotatable bracket that is rotatably supported about a vertical axis, and is capable of swinging displacement about a horizontal axis. 2. The wind according to claim 1, wherein the wind is pivotally supported, and applies a restoring force to the main body in a direction in which a tilt angle of a rotation center axis of the propeller with respect to a horizontal direction is reduced.

3. A generator is provided with a generator case, a rotating shaft rotatably supported in the generator case and rotating with the output shaft of the transmission, and an outer circumferential surface of the rotating shaft being spaced apart in the axial direction. A plurality of yokes, each made of a magnetic material, fixed on the yoke, and a permanent magnet supported on the axial side surface of the yoke and having alternately arranged S and N poles in the circumferential direction; A plurality of coil holders whose phases in the axial direction on the inner peripheral surface of the generator case are fixed to portions deviating from the respective yokes, and a plurality of the coil holders are respectively supported on the axial side surfaces of the respective coil holders. A coil having a coil facing a permanent magnet The wind power generator according to claim 1, wherein the wind power generator is a sial type slotless generator.

4. In a wind turbine generator having a propeller that rotates in response to wind and a generator that is rotated by the propeller, the generator is rotatably mounted in a generator case and the generator case. A rotating shaft that is supported and rotates together with the output shaft of the transmission; a plurality of yokes, each made of a magnetic material, fixed to an outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft at an axial distance; and an axial direction of the yoke. Permanent magnets supported on the side and having S poles and N poles arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, and the phase in the axial direction on the inner peripheral surface of the generator case fixed to the part outside the yokes An axial-type slotless generator comprising: a plurality of coil holders; and a plurality of coils supported on the axial side surface of each of the coil holders and facing the permanent magnet. Wind Power generation equipment.