WO2003036060A2 - Vertical shaft internal combustion engine with overhead power take-off - Google Patents

Vertical shaft internal combustion engine with overhead power take-off Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003036060A2
WO2003036060A2 PCT/US2002/033761 US0233761W WO03036060A2 WO 2003036060 A2 WO2003036060 A2 WO 2003036060A2 US 0233761 W US0233761 W US 0233761W WO 03036060 A2 WO03036060 A2 WO 03036060A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coupling
crankcase
crankshaft
internal combustion
combustion engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/033761
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2003036060A3 (en
Inventor
John A. Shoemaker
Original Assignee
Kohler Co.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kohler Co. filed Critical Kohler Co.
Priority to AU2002337938A priority Critical patent/AU2002337938B2/en
Priority to EP02773843A priority patent/EP1438487B1/en
Priority to CA002465113A priority patent/CA2465113C/en
Priority to MXPA04003817A priority patent/MXPA04003817A/en
Publication of WO2003036060A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003036060A2/en
Publication of WO2003036060A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003036060A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
    • A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
    • A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
    • A01D34/76—Driving mechanisms for the cutters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/02—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for hand-held tools
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/007—Other engines having vertical crankshafts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to internal combustion engines of the type that has
  • engines have one or more horizontally aligned piston chambers so that the pistons drive
  • crankshaft to rotate about a vertical axis.
  • the crankshaft extends from the bottom of
  • sprocket often is connected to this lower portion of the erankshaft to drive the blades
  • the upper end of the vertical crankshaft typically connects
  • crankshaft is difficult or impossible. Unless the power equipment manufacturer provides
  • An internal combustion engine includes a crankcase and a crankshaft mounted
  • crankshaft has a first end that extends outwardly from
  • crankshaft extends outwardly from the top of the crankcase and has a
  • a cover extends over the top of the crankcase.
  • the cover has an exterior surface from which a well extends toward the crankcase.
  • the coupling projects into the well, but does not extend outwardly beyond the exterior
  • cap also may close the well when an accessory device is not connected to the coupling
  • FIGURE 1 is an isometric view of a walk-behind lawnmower which
  • FIGURE 2 is a partial cross-sectional view through the internal combustion
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates a protective cap covering an exposed end of a shaft on
  • FIGURES 4-5 depict alternative mechanisms for rotationally connecting an
  • FIGURE 6 is a partial cross-sectional view in which the coupling for the
  • accessory device is integrated onto the crankshaft.
  • the engine 14 has a deck 12 to which an internal combustion engine 14 is mounted.
  • the engine 14 is
  • the blade is
  • a pulley or other mechanism may
  • crankshaft being vertical
  • the engine 14 could be mounted on a riding lawnmower or a wide
  • the lawnmower 10 also has an accessory device 16 mounted on top of the lawnmower 10
  • accessory device 16 is a pump which may be part of a pressure washer or an insecticide
  • the pump is considered as an accessory device as it is not related to the primary function of the power equipment, mowing the grass.
  • the pump is an example of but
  • accessories could be so mounted, such as an electrical generator, an electric welder, an
  • Figure 2 depicts a partial cross-section view of the engine 14.
  • the engine 14
  • crankcase 20 with a cylinder bore which receives a piston.
  • crankshaft 22 extends vertically through the crankcase 20 and has a lower end 24
  • the mowing blade attaches to the lower end 24 of the crankshaft 22.
  • crankshaft 22 extends above the crankcase 20 and is
  • a conventional fan with a plurality of blades 32 standing
  • the crankshaft 22 projects upward through a large opening 40 in an
  • a ball bearing 48 in aperture 45 has an outer race that engages the tubular projection 46 and an inner race which engages
  • crankshaft coupling 36 the crankshaft coupling 36.
  • the tubular projection 46 forms a recess or well 50 extending from the
  • the adapter cover 44 thus shields the splined shaft 38 from
  • a cap 52 may be inserted over the open end of the well 50 of the adapter
  • the splined shaft 38 provides a coupling which enables the accessory device
  • crankshaft coupling 36 on the engine 14 to the drive shaft 54 of the accessory device
  • crankshaft coupling shaft Alternatively the end of the crankshaft coupling shaft
  • crankshaft coupling 60 can be integrated into
  • crankshaft end is shaped to rotationally engage the drive shaft 54 of the accessory device
  • the coupling shaft 64 has splines that are received in matting grooves

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

An internal combustion engine includes a crankcase and a crankshaft mounted vertically in the crankcase. The crankshaft has an end that extends outwardly from the bottom of the crankcase for attachment to a primary implement, such as a lawnmower blade, that is to be driven by the engine. Another end of the crankshaft extends outwardly from the top of the crankcase and has a coupling to engage an accessory device. The accessory device may be permanently or removably attached to the engine. Preferably, a cover extends over the top of the crankcase and has an exterior surface from which a well extends toward the crankcase. The coupling projects into the well, but does not extend outwardly beyond the exterior surface of the cover so that the well thereby shields the rotating coupling from inadvertent contact by the user of the equipment on which the engine is mounted. A cap also may close the well when an accessory device is not connected to the coupling to further safeguard against inadvertent contact.

Description

VERTICAL SHAFT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH OVERHEAD POWER TAKE-OFF
1. Field of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to internal combustion engines of the type that has
a vertical crankshaft, and to mechanisms for coupling accessory devices to be driven by
an engine.
2. Description of the Related Art
[0002] Many types of power equipment, such as walk-behind and riding lawnmowers,
utilize an internal combustion engine which has a vertically oriented crankshaft. Such
engines have one or more horizontally aligned piston chambers so that the pistons drive
the crankshaft to rotate about a vertical axis. The crankshaft extends from the bottom of
the engine where the implement being driven is attached. For example, a pulley or
sprocket often is connected to this lower portion of the erankshaft to drive the blades
and wheels of a lawnmower. The upper end of the vertical crankshaft typically connects
to a flywheel and starter mechanism and does not extend out of the engine housing. [0003] In some power equipment, it is desirable that the engine also power accessory
devices, in addition to the primary implements such as the blade and wheels for a
lawnmower. Heretofore, the common technique employed by these and other types of
power equipment was to drive such accessories from a coupling attached to the bottom
end of the engine's crankshaft. For example, US Patent No. 6,155,035 describes a power
take-off which couples the engine of a walk-behind lawnmower to a chipper-shredder
placed alongside. US Patent No. 4,965,990 discloses attachment of an edger assembly
to a walk-behind lawnmower. Thus all of the equipment driven by the engine receives
power from that same end of the crankshaft.
[0004] After an engine has been assembled unto a piece of power equipment, such as
a lawnmower, it may be extremely difficult for a user to attach accessories that require
power from the engine. The power equipment manufacturer often mounts the engine on
the frame of the equipment in such a manner where further access to the lower end of the
crankshaft is difficult or impossible. Unless the power equipment manufacturer provides
a power take-off coupling, additional accessories often cannot be connected to the
engine. Even when a power take-ff coupling is provided, it often requires exposed belts,
chains or shafts which present a safety hazard.
[0005] Therefore, it is desirable to provide a power take-off coupling on the engine
which is easily accessible after the engine has been mounted on a piece of power
equipment and wherein the coupling have exposed moving parts. Summary of the Invention
[0006] An internal combustion engine includes a crankcase and a crankshaft mounted
vertically in the crankcase. The crankshaft has a first end that extends outwardly from
the bottom of the crankcase for attachment to an implement to be driven by the engine.
Another end of the crankshaft extends outwardly from the top of the crankcase and has a
coupling to engage an accessory device.
[0007] In the preferred embodiment, a cover extends over the top of the crankcase.
The cover has an exterior surface from which a well extends toward the crankcase.
The coupling projects into the well, but does not extend outwardly beyond the exterior
surface of the cover. The well enables the accessory device to engage the coupling and
that be driven by the engine. However the well shields the rotating coupling from
inadvertent contact by the user of the equipment on which the engine is mounted. A
cap also may close the well when an accessory device is not connected to the coupling
to further safeguard against inadvertent contact.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0008] FIGURE 1 is an isometric view of a walk-behind lawnmower which
incorporates an internal combustion engine according to the present invention;
[0009] FIGURE 2 is a partial cross-sectional view through the internal combustion
engine in Figure 1 ;
[0010] FIGURE 3 illustrates a protective cap covering an exposed end of a shaft on
the engine; [0011] FIGURES 4-5 depict alternative mechanisms for rotationally connecting an
accessory device to the upper end of the engine crankshaft; and
[0012] FIGURE 6 is a partial cross-sectional view in which the coupling for the
accessory device is integrated onto the crankshaft.
Detailed Description of the Invention
[0013] With initial reference to Figure 1, a conventional walk-behind lawnmower 10
has a deck 12 to which an internal combustion engine 14 is mounted. The engine 14 is
of a vertical crankshaft design wherein the bottom end of the crankshaft extends below
the deck 12 of the lawnmower and is attached to the mowing blade. The blade is
referred to as the implement of this type of power equipment, as it performs the primary
function of the power equipment, mowing the grass. A pulley or other mechanism may
be attached to the lower end of the crankshaft to provide power to the wheels of the
lawnmower in a conventional manner. Reference herein to the crankshaft being vertical
refers to the orientation of the crankshaft when the engine in mounted on a piece of
equipment. Although the invention is being described in the context of a walk-behind
lawnmower 12, the engine 14 could be mounted on a riding lawnmower or a wide
variety of other types of power equipment.
[0014] The lawnmower 10 also has an accessory device 16 mounted on top of the
engine 14 and receiving power therefrom. In the exemplary embodiment in Figure 1, the
accessory device 16 is a pump which may be part of a pressure washer or an insecticide
sprayer. The pump is considered as an accessory device as it is not related to the primary function of the power equipment, mowing the grass. The pump is an example of but
one type of accessory device which could benefit from the novel concept of the present
invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, that any of a number of power
accessories could be so mounted, such as an electrical generator, an electric welder, an
air compressor or a chipper-shredder. Such power accessories do not have to be
permanently mounted on the lawnmower engine, but can be interchangeable by the end
user.
[0015] Figure 2 depicts a partial cross-section view of the engine 14. The engine 14
includes a conventional crankcase 20 with a cylinder bore which receives a piston. A
crankshaft 22 extends vertically through the crankcase 20 and has a lower end 24
which projects from the crankcase. When engine 14 is mounted in the deck 12 of the
lawnmower 10, the mowing blade attaches to the lower end 24 of the crankshaft 22.
Additional components are attached to that end of the crankcase for powering the wheels
of a self-propelled lawnmower.
[0016] The upper end 26 of the crankshaft 22 extends above the crankcase 20 and is
connected to a flywheel 28. A conventional fan with a plurality of blades 32 standing
upward from a horizontal plate 34 is coupled to the flywheel 28. A crankshaft coupling
36 is bolted to the flywheel and has a splined shaft 38 which is coaxial with the axis of
the crankshaft 22. The splined shaft 38 projects upward through a large opening 40 in an
engine housing 42 which extends over the top of the crankcase 20. An adapter cover 44
is mounted on top of the engine housing 42 and has a tubular projection 46 that extends
downward through the opening 40 in the engine housing 42 and has an aperture 45
through which the crankshaft coupling shaft 38 extends. A ball bearing 48 in aperture 45 has an outer race that engages the tubular projection 46 and an inner race which engages
the crankshaft coupling 36.
[0017] The tubular projection 46 forms a recess or well 50 extending from the
exterior surface 51 of the adapter cover 44 toward the crankcase 20 and into which the
splined shaft 38 of the crankshaft coupling 36 extends. Note that the end of the splined
shaft 38 does not project outward from the well 50 above the uppermost part of that
exterior surface 51. The adapter cover 44 thus shields the splined shaft 38 from
inadvertent contact by the user of the power equipment on which the engine 14 is
mounted. To further protect against inadvertent contact with the rotating end of the
splined shaft 38, a cap 52 may be inserted over the open end of the well 50 of the adapter
cover when an accessory device is not attached to the engine as shown in Figure 3.
[0018] With reference again to Figure 2, the accessory device 16 is mounted on the
exterior surface 51 of the adapter cover 44. A drive shaft 54 for the accessory device
extends downward into the well 50 and has a grooved aperture which receives the
splined shaft 38 of the crankshaft coupling 36 to rotationally interlock the two shafts.
This coupling of the splined shaft 38 to the drive shaft 54 transfers power from the
engine 14 to the accessory device 16. In the exemplary accessory device 16, this
coupling of the drive shaft 54 to the crankshaft coupling 36 drives the impeller of the
pump thereby forcing fluid from the inlet hose 18 outward through the outlet hose 19.
[0019] The splined shaft 38 provides a coupling which enables the accessory device
16 to be easily removed from the engine 14, thereby restoring the lawnmower 10 to a
state for mowing grass. This removability enables a variety of accessory devices to be interchangeably attached to the engine 14 to receive mechanical power. As used herein,
"removable" means the ability to disconnect the accessory device from the engine
without having to perform substantial or significant disassembly of the power equipment.
[0020] Although a spline coupling is illustrated in Figure 2 to attach the shaft 38 of
the crankshaft coupling 36 on the engine 14 to the drive shaft 54 of the accessory device
16, other types of couplings can be provided. For example, the respective shafts 38 and
54 could have keyways which receive a key 56 that rotationally locks the two shafts
together as illustrated in Figure 4. Alternatively the end of the crankshaft coupling shaft
could have a square cross section that is received in a square aperture in the drive shaft
54 as shown in Figure 5. Other polygonal cross sections can be used, such as the
hexagon in Figure 6.
[0021] With reference to Figure 7, the crankshaft coupling 60 can be integrated into
the upper end of the crankshaft 62. In this embodiment the coupling shaft 64 at that
crankshaft end is shaped to rotationally engage the drive shaft 54 of the accessory device
16. For example, the coupling shaft 64 has splines that are received in matting grooves
in an aperture of the drive shaft 54. As noted immediately above, other types of
rotational couplings can be employed.
[0022] The foregoing description was primarily directed to a preferred embodiment
of the invention. Although some attention was given to various alternatives within the
scope of the invention, it is anticipated that one skilled in the art will likely realize
additional alternatives that are now apparent from disclosure of embodiments of the
invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the
following claims and not limited by the above disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMSI claim:
1. An internal combustion engine comprising:
a crankcase having a top and a bottom; and
a crankshaft mounted vertically in the crankcase and having a first end extending
outward from the bottom of the crankcase for attachment to an implement to be driven
by the engine, the crankshaft further having a coupling extending outward from the top
of the crankcase for applying rotational power to an accessory device.
2. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 1 wherein the coupling
provides a mechanism which enables the accessory device to be detached from the
crankshaft after attachment of the accessory device to the crankshaft.
3. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 1 wherein the coupling of
the crankshaft comprises a splined shaft for engaging to the accessory device.
4. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 1 wherein the coupling of
the crankshaft comprises shaft with a polygonal cross section for engaging to the
accessory device.
5. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 1 wherein the coupling of
the crankshaft comprises shaft with a keyway and a key that for engaging the accessory
device.
6. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 1 wherein the coupling of
the crankshaft comprises an adaptor connected to the crankshaft and having an element
for engaging the accessory device.
7. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 1 further comprising a cover
extending over the crankcase and having an exterior surface from which a well extends
toward the crankcase, and the well having a bottom opening through which the coupling
projects.
8. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 7 wherein the coupling does
not extend outwardly beyond the exterior surface of the cover.
9. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 7 further comprising a cap
which extends across the well adjacent to the exterior surface of the cover.
10. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 1 further comprising a
stationary cap which shields the coupling from contact when an accessory device is not
attached to the engine.
11. An internal combustion engine for applying power to an implement and to an
accessory device, said internal combustion engine comprising:
a crankcase having a top and a bottom;
a crankshaft mounted vertically in the crankcase and having a first end extending
outwardly from the bottom of the crankcase for attachment to the implement, the
crankshaft having a second end extending outwardly from the top of the crankcase; and
a coupling coupled to the second end of the crankshaft to engage and apply
rotational power to the accessory device.
12. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 11 further comprising a
flywheel connected to the second end of the crankshaft.
13. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 12 wherein the coupling
comprises an adaptor attached to the flywheel and having a shaft which mates with the
accessory device.
14. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 11 wherein the coupling is
integrated onto the second end so that the crankshaft and the coupling are formed as a
single piece.
15. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 11 further comprising a
cover extending over the top of the crankcase and having an exterior surface from which
a well extends toward the crankcase, and coupling projecting into the well but does not
extend outwardly beyond the exterior surface of the cover.
16. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 15 further comprising a cap
which extends across the well adjacent to the exterior surface of the cover.
17. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 11 further comprising a
stationary cap which shields the coupling from contact when an accessory device is not
attached to the engine.
18. An internal combustion engine for applying power to an accessory device,
said internal combustion engine comprising:
a crankcase having a top and a bottom;
a crankshaft mounted vertically in the crankcase and having a first end proximate
to the bottom of the crankcase and having a second end extending outwardly from the
top of the crankcase; and
a coupling coupled to the second end of the crankshaft to engage the accessory
device and apply rotational power to thereto and subsequently to be disengaged from the
accessory device.
19. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 18 further comprising a
flywheel connected to the second end of the crankshaft and wherein the coupling
comprises an adaptor attached to the flywheel and having a shaft which mates with the
accessory device.
20. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 18 wherein the coupling is
integrated onto the second end so that the crankshaft and the coupling are formed as a
single piece.
21. The internal combustion engine recited in claim 18 further comprising a
cover extending over the top of the crankcase and having an exterior surface from which
a well extends toward the crankcase, and coupling projecting into the well but does not
extend outwardly beyond the exterior surface of the cover.
22. A powered apparatus comprising:
an internal combustion engine having a crankcase with a top and a bottom, and
having a crankshaft mounted vertically in the crankcase, wherein the crankshaft has a
first end proximate to the bottom of the crankcase and a second end extending outwardly
from the top of the crankcase;
a coupling connected to the second end of the crankshaft; and
an accessory device having a power input removably connected to the coupling to
receive mechanical power from the internal combustion engine.
23. The powered apparatus recited in claim 22 further comprising a flywheel
connected to the second end of the crankshaft, and wherein the coupling is attached to
the flywheel and has a shaft which mates with the accessory device.
24. The powered apparatus recited in claim 22 wherein the coupling is integrated
onto the second end so that the crankshaft and the coupling are formed as a single piece.
25. The powered apparatus recited in claim 22 further comprising a cover
extending over the top of the crankcase and having an exterior surface from which a well
extends toward the crankcase, and the well having a bottom opening through which the
coupling projects, the coupling does not extend outwardly beyond the exterior surface of
the cover.
26. The powered apparatus recited in claim 22 wherein the first end of the
crankshaft extends outward from the bottom of the crankcase; and further comprises an
implement attached to the first end of the crankshaft to be driven by the internal
combustion engine.
PCT/US2002/033761 2001-10-22 2002-10-22 Vertical shaft internal combustion engine with overhead power take-off WO2003036060A2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002337938A AU2002337938B2 (en) 2001-10-22 2002-10-22 Vertical shaft internal combustion engine with overhead power take-off
EP02773843A EP1438487B1 (en) 2001-10-22 2002-10-22 Vertical shaft internal combustion engine with overhead power take-off
CA002465113A CA2465113C (en) 2001-10-22 2002-10-22 Vertical shaft internal combustion engine with overhead power take-off
MXPA04003817A MXPA04003817A (en) 2001-10-22 2002-10-22 Vertical shaft internal combustion engine with overhead power take-off.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/011,632 2001-10-22
US10/011,632 US6644264B2 (en) 2001-10-22 2001-10-22 Vertical shaft internal combustion engine with overhead power take-off

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003036060A2 true WO2003036060A2 (en) 2003-05-01
WO2003036060A3 WO2003036060A3 (en) 2003-07-10

Family

ID=21751298

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2002/033761 WO2003036060A2 (en) 2001-10-22 2002-10-22 Vertical shaft internal combustion engine with overhead power take-off

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6644264B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1438487B1 (en)
CN (1) CN100386510C (en)
AU (1) AU2002337938B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2465113C (en)
MX (1) MXPA04003817A (en)
WO (1) WO2003036060A2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6644264B2 (en) 2003-11-11
EP1438487A4 (en) 2009-02-25
CA2465113A1 (en) 2003-05-01
MXPA04003817A (en) 2004-07-30
WO2003036060A3 (en) 2003-07-10
CN1589365A (en) 2005-03-02
EP1438487B1 (en) 2012-04-25
AU2002337938B2 (en) 2008-03-20
EP1438487A2 (en) 2004-07-21
US20030075139A1 (en) 2003-04-24
CN100386510C (en) 2008-05-07
CA2465113C (en) 2006-05-02

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