WO2003016222A1 - Energy-based process for fluid treatment and system therefor - Google Patents
Energy-based process for fluid treatment and system therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003016222A1 WO2003016222A1 PCT/CA2002/001282 CA0201282W WO03016222A1 WO 2003016222 A1 WO2003016222 A1 WO 2003016222A1 CA 0201282 W CA0201282 W CA 0201282W WO 03016222 A1 WO03016222 A1 WO 03016222A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- source
- ionizing radiation
- radiation source
- energy ionizing
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 5
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 5
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002289 effect on microbe Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000636 lethal dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010841 municipal wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003608 radiolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012048 reactive intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/082—X-rays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/081—Gamma radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/087—Particle radiation, e.g. electron-beam, alpha or beta radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/10—Ultraviolet radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/081—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing particle radiation or gamma-radiation
- B01J19/082—Gamma-radiation only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/081—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing particle radiation or gamma-radiation
- B01J19/085—Electron beams only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/125—X-rays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0877—Liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/305—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with electrons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/307—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with X-rays or gamma radiation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an energy-based process for treatment of a fluid. In another of its aspects, the present invention relates to system for carrying out energy-based treatment of a fluid.
- assignee of the present invention is the assignee of a number
- UV radiation treatment of fluids such as municipal wastewater, municipal drinking water, industrial waste water, industrial process water, domestic drinking water and the like. See, for example, one or more of the following patents:
- ultraviolet radiation is useful to inactivate or kill a wide range of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria., viruses, parasites and the like) which are contained in the fluid being treated.
- microorganisms e.g., bacteria., viruses, parasites and the like
- UV disinfection Another issue in UV disinfection is the differing sensitivity to UV of the various types of microorganisms (e.g., parasites, bacteria, viruses and the like) which may be present in the fluid.
- the low UV doses used to inactivate coliforms (an indicator organism which is used to assess the possible level of pathogens) and similarly sensitive pathogens may not inactivate UV-opaque microorganisms to the same level.
- the present invention provides a process for treating a fluid which comprises the step of exposing the fluid to ultraviolet radiation and high-energy ionizing radiation.
- the present invention provides a fluid treatment system for treatment of a flow of fluid, the system comprising a fluid treatment zone, the fluid treatment zone comprising: a first zone comprising an ultraviolet source and a second zone comprising a high-energy ionizing radiation source.
- the present inventor has surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that combining ultraviolet radiation with high-energy ionizing radiation in the treatment of a fluid results in synergistic performances of the treatment process - e.g., improvement in the inactivation or killing of microorganisms in the fluid, in destruction of organic contaminants and the like. More specifically, fluid treatment performance is improved to a level typically not possible when using ultraviolet radiation and high-energy ionizing radiation separately.
- Figure 1 illustrates E. Coli inactivation of primary wastewater by ultraviolet irradiation
- Figure 2 illustrates E. Coli inactivation of secondary wastewater by ultraviolet irradiation
- Figure 3 illustrates E. Coli inactivation of primary wastewater by ultraviolet irradiation followed by gamma irradiation
- Figure 4 illustrates E. Coli inactivation of secondary wastewater by ultraviolet irradiation followed by gamma irradiation.
- the term "ionizing radiation” is intended to mean radiation that has sufficient energy to remove bound electrons from the atoms in matter through which the radiation passes.
- the ionizing radiation spectrum includes ultraviolet radiation, X-radiation, and gamma radiation, in order of increasing energy.
- the term "high-energy ionizing radiation” is intended to mean any form of ionizing radiation (including high- energy particles or electromagnetic waves) that has higher energy than ultraviolet radiation (i.e., ultraviolet radiation is outside the definition of high-energy ionizing radiation).
- the present invention relates the synergistic use of UV with other forms of high-energy irradiation, including particle-penetrating irradiation in an integrated disinfection process.
- the combined use of UV with other forms of irradiation in an integrated disinfection process which is an aspect of a preferred embodiment of the invention, is an option for addressing a broad range of pathogen sensitivity.
- the invention could also be used for simultaneous detoxification of organic contaminants, which are typically more sensitive to high-energy ionizing radiation, and inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, which are typically more sensitive to UV radiation, at low doses.
- the invention relates to a process for liquid treatment, which is beyond the existing radiation treatment technologies.
- the basic concept of the invention is to combine UV and high-energy ionizing radiation, including high-energy electrons, X-ray radiation and gamma radiation, in an integrated treatment process for fluid treatment to provide complementary and/or synergistic effects.
- UV light and high-energy ionizing radiation disinfect aqueous solutions in different ways.
- the effect of UV is due to a photochemical reaction initiated by the abso ⁇ tion of a photon by a molecular structure.
- Microorganisms are inactivated by UV light primarily as a result of photochemical damage to nucleic acids.
- High-energy ionizing radiation has primarily an indirect effect on microorganisms. Irradiation of aqueous material by high-energy ionizing radiation such as high-energy electrons or gamma radiation produces highly reactive unstable intermediates such as hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen atoms, and hydrated electrons. These highly reactive intermediates can cause chemical changes in the aqueous system and within microorganisms, resulting in damage to organisms in the system.
- UV and high-energy ionizing radiation for fluid (e.g., water) treatment provides complementary/synergistic effects.
- Those microorganisms that are resistant to UV radiation by virtue of being buried within particles can be effectively eliminated by high-energy ionizing radiation. Therefore, disinfection is accomplished more efficiently if UV is carried out at low doses to inactivate free microorganisms and high-energy ionizing radiation processes are used to inactivate particle-associated microorganisms, thereby obviating or mitigating the need for the use of inefficiently high UV or high-energy ionizing radiation doses.
- UV and high-energy ionizing radiation Since the mechanism of microorganism inactivation by UV and high-energy ionizing radiation is different, various genera and species of microorganisms (e.g., parasites, bacteria, viruses, protozoans and the like) have different sensitivity to UV or high-energy ionizing radiation. UV systems or high-energy ionizing radiation systems alone are not well suited, at practical doses, of inactivating highly resistant pathogenic organisms. Combination of UV and other forms of high-energy ionizing radiation provides broad coverage of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum in aqueous solutions. As a result, the inactivation of pathogens is accomplished more efficiently if UV is applied in conjunction with gamma or electron beam radiation.
- UV systems or high-energy ionizing radiation systems alone are not well suited, at practical doses, of inactivating highly resistant pathogenic organisms.
- Combination of UV and other forms of high-energy ionizing radiation provides broad coverage of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum in aqueous solutions. As
- the invention allows for substantially complete inactivation of free and particle-associated microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, parasites, protozoans, viruses and the like), adsorbed contaminants and the like through combined use of UV with high-energy ionizing radiation.
- free and particle-associated microorganisms e.g., bacteria, parasites, protozoans, viruses and the like
- UV high-energy ionizing radiation
- the use of UV, for inactivating free microorganisms, followed by high- energy ionizing radiation, for inactivating particle associated microorganisms is advantageous since to minimizes the total required energy and consequently energy cost.
- the invention provides a new method for the treatment of fluid containing particle-associated microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, parasites, protozoans, viruses and the like), adsorbed contaminants and the like, without the requirement for disintegration and/or removal of the particles from the fluid.
- particle-associated microorganisms e.g., bacteria, parasites, protozoans, viruses and the like
- High-energy electron beam irradiation yields similar water radiolysis products and causes similar water radiation chemistry to that of gamma irradiation. Therefore, it is predictable that results obtained with gamma irradiation in this example would be similar to those that would be obtained with electron beam irradiation.
- UV irradiation of the samples showed a linear reduction in E.coli concentration by increasing the radiation dose, at the initial stages of the irradiation.
- the rate of E.coli inactivation progressively decreased as irradiation proceeded, until it reached a "plateau" or tailing region ( Figures 1 and 2).
- the tailing phenomenon is primarily due to the shielding of UV light from microorganisms within particles (Quails et al., 1983). Microorganisms at particle surfaces are readily disinfected, but interior microorganisms require much longer exposure times (higher apparent dose) to be exposed to the same dose that would inactivate free microorganisms.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/486,967 US7442312B2 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2002-08-19 | Energy-based process for fluid treatment and system thereof |
CA002457147A CA2457147A1 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2002-08-19 | Energy-based process for fluid treatment and system therefor |
EP02757996A EP1421033A1 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2002-08-19 | Energy-based process for fluid treatment and system therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US31279201P | 2001-08-17 | 2001-08-17 | |
US60/312,792 | 2001-08-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003016222A1 true WO2003016222A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
Family
ID=23213017
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CA2002/001282 WO2003016222A1 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2002-08-19 | Energy-based process for fluid treatment and system therefor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7442312B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1421033A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2457147A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003016222A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9235048B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2016-01-12 | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Marine environment antifouling system and methods |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL2005472C2 (en) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-11 | Stichting Wetsus Ct Excellence Sustainable Water Technology | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING A FLUID |
US9416029B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2016-08-16 | Gamma Research Technologies, LLC | Compact biocidal water purification system |
NO344853B1 (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2020-06-02 | Vetco Gray Scandinavia As | Method and system for water injection into an oil and/or gas containing subterranean formation |
US11351393B2 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2022-06-07 | Feldreich Caro Ruiz AB | Apparatus for use in irradiation therapy comprising ionization module and UV-light source |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3511776A (en) * | 1966-02-18 | 1970-05-12 | Dominic C Avampato | Method and apparatus for removing ions from water |
US3603788A (en) * | 1968-05-06 | 1971-09-07 | Floro D Miraldi | Gamma radiation source and method for the treatment of sewage |
US3904882A (en) * | 1967-12-14 | 1975-09-09 | Energy Systems Inc | Radiation treatment method and apparatus for decontamination of polluted fluid |
US5512253A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1996-04-30 | Woodbridge; Thomas C. | Irradiator apparatus |
DE19814112A1 (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-15 | Doryokuro Kakunenryo | Environmental cleansing device operating by decomposing pollutants |
DE19748098A1 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-07-15 | Inst Niedertemperatur Plasmaph | Sterilizing sensitive materials e.g. implants and especially intraocular lenses |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2735550A1 (en) * | 1977-08-06 | 1979-02-08 | Guenther O Prof Dr Schenck | MULTI-CHAMBER PHOTOREACTOR |
-
2002
- 2002-08-19 US US10/486,967 patent/US7442312B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-08-19 EP EP02757996A patent/EP1421033A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-08-19 CA CA002457147A patent/CA2457147A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-19 WO PCT/CA2002/001282 patent/WO2003016222A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3511776A (en) * | 1966-02-18 | 1970-05-12 | Dominic C Avampato | Method and apparatus for removing ions from water |
US3904882A (en) * | 1967-12-14 | 1975-09-09 | Energy Systems Inc | Radiation treatment method and apparatus for decontamination of polluted fluid |
US3603788A (en) * | 1968-05-06 | 1971-09-07 | Floro D Miraldi | Gamma radiation source and method for the treatment of sewage |
US5512253A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1996-04-30 | Woodbridge; Thomas C. | Irradiator apparatus |
DE19814112A1 (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-15 | Doryokuro Kakunenryo | Environmental cleansing device operating by decomposing pollutants |
DE19748098A1 (en) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-07-15 | Inst Niedertemperatur Plasmaph | Sterilizing sensitive materials e.g. implants and especially intraocular lenses |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KIELBURGER G: "Elektronenstrahltechnik zur Aufbereitung schadstoffhaltiger Wässer und Schlämme", WLB WASSER, LUFT UND BODEN, no. 11-12, 1994, pages 24 - 26, XP002222064 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9235048B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2016-01-12 | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Marine environment antifouling system and methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7442312B2 (en) | 2008-10-28 |
US20040262235A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
CA2457147A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
EP1421033A1 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
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