WO2003006490A1 - Bridged bicyclic serine protease inhibitors - Google Patents

Bridged bicyclic serine protease inhibitors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003006490A1
WO2003006490A1 PCT/US2002/022027 US0222027W WO03006490A1 WO 2003006490 A1 WO2003006490 A1 WO 2003006490A1 US 0222027 W US0222027 W US 0222027W WO 03006490 A1 WO03006490 A1 WO 03006490A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aliphatic
compound according
cio
cycloalkyl
aryl
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PCT/US2002/022027
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French (fr)
Inventor
Luc Farmer
Janos Pitlik
Robert Perni
Lawrence Courtney
John Van Drie
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Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
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Publication date
Priority to KR1020047000381A priority Critical patent/KR100926244B1/en
Priority to NZ530000A priority patent/NZ530000A/en
Priority to DE60217114T priority patent/DE60217114T2/en
Priority to IL15908702A priority patent/IL159087A0/en
Priority to CA002449504A priority patent/CA2449504A1/en
Priority to EP02749965A priority patent/EP1404704B9/en
Application filed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated filed Critical Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
Priority to MXPA04000293A priority patent/MXPA04000293A/en
Priority to JP2003512260A priority patent/JP4455056B2/en
Publication of WO2003006490A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003006490A1/en
Priority to IL159087A priority patent/IL159087A/en
Priority to NO20040127A priority patent/NO20040127L/en
Priority to HK04107404A priority patent/HK1065322A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/08—Bridged systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/02—Linear peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
    • C07K5/1002—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/1005—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
    • C07K5/1008—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 0 or 1 carbon atoms, i.e. Gly, Ala
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
    • C07K5/1002—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
    • C07K5/1016—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aromatic or cycloaliphatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
    • C07K5/1019—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being basic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
    • C07K5/1024—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being heterocyclic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to peptidomimetic compounds which inhibit serine protease activity, particularly the activity of hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A protease. As such, they act by interfering with the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus and are also useful as antiviral agents.
  • the compounds of this invention are characterized by a bridged bicyclic moiety at the P2 position.
  • the invention further relates to compositions comprising these compounds either for ex vivo use or for administration to a patient suffering from HCV infection.
  • the invention also relates to methods of treating an HCV infection in a patient by administering a composition comprising a compound of this invention.
  • HCV hepatitis C virus
  • the HCV genome encodes a polyprotein of 3010- 3033 amino acids [Q.-L. Choo, et . al . , "Genetic Organization and Diversity of the Hepatitis C Virus.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, pp. 2451-2455 (1991); N. Kato et al . , "Molecular Cloning of the Human Hepatitis C Virus Genome From Japanese Patients with Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, pp. 9524-9528 (1990); A. Takamizawa et . al .
  • the HCV nonstructural (NS) proteins are presumed to provide the essential catalytic machinery for viral replication.
  • the NS proteins are derived by proteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein [R. Bartenschlager et . al . , "Nonstructural Protein 3 of the Hepatitis C Virus Encodes a Serine-Type Proteinase Required for Cleavage at the NS3/4 and NS4/5 Junctions," J. Virol., 67, pp. 3835-3844 (1993); A. Grakoui et . al .
  • the HCV NS protein 3 contains a serine protease activity that helps process the majority of the viral enzymes, and is thus considered essential for viral replication and infectivity. It is known that mutations in the yellow fever virus NS3 protease decreases viral infectivity [Chambers, T.J. et. al., "Evidence that the N-terminal Domain of Nonstructural Protein NS3 From Yellow Fever Virus is a Serine Protease Responsible for Site-Specific Cleavages in the Viral Polyprotein", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, pp. 8898-8902 (1990)].
  • the first 181 amino acids of NS3 have been shown to contain the serine protease domain of NS3 that processes all four downstream sites of the HCV polyprotein [C. Lin et al . , "Hepatitis C virus NS3 Serine Proteinase: Trans-Cleavage Requirements and Processing Kinetics", J. Virol., 68, pp. 8147-8157 (1994)] .
  • the HCV NS3 serine protease and its associated cofactor, NS4A helps process all of the viral enzymes, and is thus considered essential for viral replication.
  • Such inhibitors would have therapeutic potential as protease inhibitors, particularly as serine protease inhibitors, and more particularly as HCV NS3 protease inhibitors.
  • such compounds may be useful as antiviral agents, particularly as anti-HCV agents .
  • the present invention solves the problem set forth above by providing a compound of formula I :
  • A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a 4- to 7-membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring having up to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, NH, 0, SO, or SO 2 ; wherein said ring is optionally fused to a (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, (C3- C10) cycloalkyl or (C3-C10)heterocyclyl; wherein A has up to 3 substituents selected independently from J;
  • X is -[CH 2 ] 0 -, -[CJ'J'.o-, -[CH 2 ] m -0-, -[CH 2 ] m -S(0) 2 -, -[CH 2 ] m -S0-, -[CH 2 ] m -S-, -[CR 2 oR2o] m - R2i-, or - [CR 20 R 2 o] m" NJ''-, wherein:
  • R21 is hydrogen or -C(0)-0-R 22 ; o is 1 or 2;
  • R 22 is - (C1-C6) alkyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl, or - (C2-C6) alkynyl ; m is 0 or 1;
  • J is halogen, -OR', -N0 2 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -R', oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R') 2 # -SR', -SOR', -S0 2 R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R') 2 ;
  • J 1 is halogen, -OR', -N0 2 , -CF 3 , -0CF 3 , -R' , -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R') 2 / -SR', -SOR', -S0 2 R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R') 2 ;
  • J' ' is -OR*, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -R', oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R') 2 , -SR' , -SOR', -S0 2 R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R') 2 , wherein each R' is independently: hydrogen,
  • Ri and R 3 are independently independently identical to Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 of Ri and R 3 are independently
  • Ri and R 3 are independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to 3 aliphatic carbon atoms in R x and R 3 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, NH, S, SO, and S0 2 in a chemically stable arrangement; R and R 4 are independently hydrogen,
  • each of R 2 and R 4 is independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to two aliphatic carbon atoms in R 2 and R 4 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from
  • R 5 is - (C1-C12) aliphatic, wherein any hydrogen is optionally replaced with halogen, and wherein any hydrogen or halogen atom bound to any terminal carbon atom of R 5 is optionally substituted with sulfhydryl or hydroxy;
  • W is: -C(0)OH
  • each R 6 is independently : hydrogen
  • V is -C(0)N(R 8 )-, -S(0)N(R 8 ) ⁇ , -S(0) 2 N(R 8 ) -, a bond, -CH(R 8 )-, -N(R 8 )-, -0-, -O-CH(R ⁇ )-, -S-, -S-CH(R 8 ), -C(O)-, -C(0)-0-, -C(0)-S-, -C(0)-CHR 8 -, -S(O)-, -S (O) -CH (R a ) , -S(0)-N(R 8 )
  • T is:
  • each T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents;
  • K is a bond, - (C1-C12) aliphatic, -0-, -S-, -NR 9 -, -C(O)-, or -C(0)-NR 9 -, wherein R 9 is hydrogen or -(Cl- C12) aliphatic; n is 1-3; and each R 20 is independently hydrogen, - (C1-C6) aliphatic or -0- ( (C1-C6) aliphatic) ; or each R 20 is taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound to form a (C3-C6) cycloalkyl.
  • the invention also relates to compositions that comprise the above compound and the use thereof.
  • Such compositions may be useful to pre-treat invasive devices to be inserted into a patient, to treat biologicals, such as blood, prior to administration to a patient, and for direct administration to a patient.
  • the composition will be used to inhibit HCV replication and to lessen the risk of or the severity of HCV infection.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a compound of
  • A is a 4- to 7-membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring having up to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, NH, O, SO, or S0 2 ; wherein said ring is optionally fused to a (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-CIO) eteroaryl, (C3- C10) cycloalkyl or (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl; wherein A has up to 3 substituents selected independently from J; X is -[CH 2 ] 0 -, -[CJ'J'] 0 -, -[CH 2 ] m -0-, -[CH 2 ]m-S(0) 2 -, -[CH 2 ] m -SO-, -[CH 2 ] m -S-, -[CR 2 oR2o]m-NR 2 i-, or - [CR 20 R 2 o]
  • R 21 is hydrogen or -C(0)-0-R 22 ; o is 1 or 2;
  • R 22 is -(C1-C6) alkyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl, or - (C2-C6) alkynyl; m is 0 or 1;
  • J is halogen, -OR', -N0 2 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -R', oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R') 2 , -SR', -SOR', -S0 2 R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R') 2 ;
  • J' is halogen, -OR', -N0 2 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -R' , -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R') 2 , -SR' , -SOR', -S0 2 R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R') 2 ;
  • J' ' is -OR', -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -R' , oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R') 2 , -SR' , -SOR', -S0 2 R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R') 2 ;
  • J' ' is -OR', -CF 3
  • R x and R 3 are independently:
  • each of Rx and R 3 is independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to 3 aliphatic carbon atoms in R x and R 3 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, NH, S, SO, and S0 2 in a chemically stable arrangement;
  • R 2 and R 4 are independently hydrogen
  • each of R 2 and R 4 is independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to two aliphatic carbon atoms in R 2 and R 4 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, NH, S, SO, and S0 2 ;
  • R ⁇ is - (C1-C12) aliphatic, wherein any hydrogen is optionally replaced with halogen, and wherein any hydrogen or halogen atom bound to any terminal carbon atom of R 5 is optionally substituted with sulfhydryl or hydroxy;
  • W is: -C(0)0H; wherein each R 6 is independently: hydrogen,
  • V is -C(0)N(R 8 )-, -S(0)N(R 8 )-, -S (O) 2 N (R 8 ) - , a bond, -CH(R 8 )-, -N(R 8 )-, -0-, -0-CH(R 8 )-, -S-, -S-CH(R 8 ), -C(O)- -C(0)-0-, -C(0)-S-, -C(0)-CHR 8 -, -S(O)-, -S (O) -CH (R 8 ) , -S(0)-N(R 8
  • T is:
  • each T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents;
  • K is a bond, - (C1-C12) aliphatic, -O- , -S-, -NR 9 -, -C(O)-, or -C(0)-NR 9 -, wherein R 9 is hydrogen or - (Cl- C12) aliphatic; n is 1-3; and each R 2 o is independently hydrogen, - (C1-C6) aliphatic or -O- ( (C1-C6) aliphatic) ; or each R 0 is taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound to form a (C3-C6) cycloalkyl.
  • aryl as used herein means a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic aromatic ring system. Phenyl is an example of a monocyclic aromatic ring system. Bicyclic aromatic ring systems include systems wherein both rings are aromatic, e.g., naphthyl, and systems wherein only one of the two rings is aromatic, e.g. , tetralin.
  • the bond " " refers to an optionally present bond.
  • heterocyclyl as used herein means a monocyclic or bicyclic non-aromatic ring system having up to 4 , and preferably 1 to 3 , heteroatom or heteroatom groups in each ring selected from O, N, NH, S, SO, or S0 2 in a chemically stable arrangement.
  • heteroatom or heteroatom groups in each ring selected from O, N, NH, S, SO, or S0 2 in a chemically stable arrangement.
  • one or both rings may contain said heteroatom or heteroatom groups .
  • Heterocyclic rings include 3-lH-benzimidazol-2- one, 3- (1-alkyl) -benzimidazol-2-one, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-tetrahydrothiophenyl, 3- tetrahydrothiophenyl, 2-morpholino, 3-morpholino, 4- morpholino, 2-thiomorpholino, 3-thiomorpholino, 4- thiomorpholino, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl , 3- pyrrolidinyl, 1-tetrahydropiperazinyl, 2- tetrahydropiperazinyl, 3-tetrahydropiperazinyl, 1- piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 1-pyrazolinyl, 3-pyrazolinyl, 4-pyrazolinyl, 5-pyrazolinyl, 1- piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperid
  • heteroaryl as used herein means a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring system having up to 4, and preferably 1 to 3, heteroatom or heteroatom groups in each ring selected from O, N, NH or S in a chemically stable arrangement.
  • heteroaryl a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring system having up to 4, and preferably 1 to 3, heteroatom or heteroatom groups in each ring selected from O, N, NH or S in a chemically stable arrangement.
  • - one or both rings may be aromatic; and - one or both rings may contain said heteroatom or heteroatom groups .
  • Heteroaryl rings include 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, N-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, N-pyrrolyl, 2- pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2- pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl) , 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5- thiazolyl, tetrazolyl (e.g., 5-tetrazolyl) , triazolyl (e.g., 2-triazolyl and 5-triazolyl) , 2-
  • Each of the above aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl above may contain up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, -OR', -N0 2 , -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , -R' , oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1,2- methylenedioxy, -N(R') 2 , -C(0)R', -COOR' or -CON(R') 2 , wherein R' is independently selected from H, (C1-C6) - alkyl, (C2-C6) -alkenyl or alkynyl.
  • aliphatic as used herein means a straight chained or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl. It is understood that alkenyl or alkynyl embodiments need at least two carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain.
  • cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl refers to a monocyclic or fused or bridged bicyclic carbocyclic ring system that is not aromatic. Cycloalkenyl rings have one or more units of unsaturation. Preferred cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl , cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl , nornbornyl, adamantyl and decalin-yl .
  • chemically stable arrangement refers to a compound structure that renders the compound sufficiently stable to allow manufacture and administration to a mammal by methods known in the art. • Typically, such compounds are stable at a temperature of 40°C or less, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive condition, for at least a week.
  • ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound has up to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, NH, O, SO, and S0 2 .
  • ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound is a 3-6 membered carbocyclic non-aromatic or aromatic ring. More preferably, ring A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl. Even more preferably, ring A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is cylcohexyl or cyclopentyl. Most preferably, ring A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is cyclohexyl.
  • ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a 3-6 membered heterocyclic ring. More preferably, ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a
  • ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring.
  • ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is fused to a (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, (C3-CIO) cycloalkyl or (C3-C10)- heterocyclyl.
  • ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound is fused to cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl or pyridyl .
  • compounds of the present invention have formula (IA) :
  • T, V, R 1# R 2 , R 3 , R , R 5 , R 20 , X, W, and m are as defined herein.
  • compounds of the present invention have formula (IB) :
  • T, V, R x , R 3 , R 5 , R 20 , X, W and m are as defined herein.
  • V is -NH- .
  • V is -C(0)-.
  • R 5 is C2-C3 alkyl substituted with 1-3 chlorine or fluorine.
  • T or R 6 is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, optionally having up to 3 substituents as defined above.
  • T is a - (C5-C10) heteroaryl.
  • T is selected from 3-lH-benzimidazol-2-one, 3- (1-alkyl) - benzimidazol-2-one, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3- tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrazolinyl, l,3-dihydro ⁇ imidazol-2- one, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 2- oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 5- tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl or 1, 3 , 5-triazinyl.
  • T or R 7 is 3-1H- benzimidazol-2-one, 3- (1-alkyl) -benzimidazol-2-one, ) 2 - pyrazolinyl, 1, 3-dihydro-imidazol-2-one, 2-imidazolyl, 2- pyrrolyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 5-tetrazolyl or pyrazinyl.
  • T or R 7 is selected from:
  • Preferred substituents on T or R 7 in the above embodiments are halogen, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 , oxo, -COOR' or -C0N(R') 2 / wherein R' is as defined above.
  • R 1 is -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3 , -C(CH 3 ) 3 , -CH(CH 3 ) 2 , -CH(CH 3 ) -CH2-CH3 or cyclohexyl. Most preferably R 1 is cyclohexyl .
  • R 3 is selected from -C(CH 3 ) 2 # -CH(CH 3 ) 2/ -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -CH 3 or cyclohexyl. More preferably, R 3 is selected from -C(CH 3 ) 3 , or -CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
  • each R 2 is independently selected from -CH 3 or hydrogen. Even more preferred is when R 2 is hydrogen.
  • R 5 is
  • R 5 is -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 2 CHF 2 .
  • R 5 is -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 .
  • R 5 is -CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 F, -CH 2 CHF 2 , or -CH 2 CF 3 . More preferred is when R 5 is -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , or -CHCHF 2 . Most preferably R 5 is -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 .
  • W is -C(O) -C(O) -R 6 .
  • R 6 is isopropyl.
  • W is
  • R 6 is hydrogen, (C1-C12)- aliphatic, (C6-C10) -aryl, (C3-CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, (C3-CIO) -heterocyclyl or (C5- C10) eteroaryl. More preferably, R 6 is H or methyl. According to another preferred embodiment, W is -C(O) -C(O) -N(R 6 ) 2 . Preferably, R 6 is hydrogen, (C3-C10)- cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, or (C3 -CIO) -heterocyclyl .
  • W is C (O) -C (O) -N(R 5 ) 2
  • the NR S R 6 portion of the W moiety is -NH- (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, -NH-CH(CH 3 ) - (C6-C10) aryl or -NH-CH(CH 3 ) - (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl, or -NH-CH (CH 3 ) - (C5- C10) heteroaryl, wherein said aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
  • the NR 6 R 6 portion is -NH-(C3- C6) cycloalkyl, -NH-CH (CH 3 ) - (C6-C10) aryl, or -NH-CH (CH 3 ) - (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with halogen,- or NR 6 R 6 is -NH-(C3-C6) cycloalkyl, -NH-CH (CH 3 ) - (C6-C10) aryl, or -NH-CH (CH 3 )- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl, wherein said aryl or said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
  • R 6 6 in W is:
  • NR 6 R 6 is :
  • NR 6 R 6 is :
  • NR 6 Re is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N
  • X is -[CH 2 ] 0 -, -[CJ'J'] 0 -, -[CH 2 ] m -0-, -[CH 2 ] m - S(0) 2 -, -[CH 2 ] m -SO-, -[CR 20 R 20 ] m -NR 2 ⁇ -, or - [CR 20 R 2 o] m -NJ' ' - .
  • X is -CR 20 R 2 o-; -0-; -S(0) 2 . or NR 2i .
  • R 20 are selected from hydrogen, -C ⁇ -C 6 -aliphatic and -O- (C ⁇ -C 6 -aliphatic) ; or each R 2 o is taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound to form a (C3-C6) cycloalkyl .
  • these aliphatic groups are alkyl groups.
  • R 2i are selected from hydrogen and -C(0)-0-R 22 .
  • m in X is 0.
  • X is -CH 2 -, -0-, -S0 2 - or -NR 2 ⁇ -, wherein R 2i is hydrogen.
  • X is -CH 2 - .
  • T contains at least one hydrogen bond donor moiety selected from -NH 2 , -NH-, -OH, and -SH.
  • T is:
  • T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents, wherein J is as defined in claim 1;
  • Z is independently 0, S, NR ⁇ 0 , or C(R ⁇ o)2; n is independently 1 or 2; and
  • T is :
  • T (C6 -C10 ) -aryl
  • K is a bond, -0-, -S-, -NR 9 ⁇ , -C(O)-, or -C(0)-NR 9 -, wherein R 9 is hydrogen or C1-C12 aliphatic; and n is 1-3. More preferably, T is:
  • Ri is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-N-phenyl
  • R is
  • R 3 is:
  • R 3 is
  • R 5 is
  • R 5 is :
  • R 2 and R 4 are each independently H, methyl, ethyl, or propyl. More preferably, R 2 and R 4 are each H.
  • V is -C(0)-NR 8 -. More preferably, V is -C(0)-NH-. More preferably, the compound of this invention has the structure and stereochemistry depicted below in formula II:
  • R 3 and R 6 represent the most preferred embodiments set forth above .
  • the compounds of this invention may be synthesized by standard chemical schemes well-known in the art. Such schemes are set forth below, but other equivalent schemes, which will be readily apparent to the ordinary skilled organic chemist, may alternatively be used to synthesize various portions of the molecule.
  • compounds of formula I, wherein W is C(0)OH or C(0)C(0))R 6 may be prepared according to the methods depicted in schemes 11 and/or 12. More specific synthesis schemes for individual compounds within applicants' invention are set forth in the examples. Scheme 1.
  • R' ' is R 21 or J' '
  • the compounds of this invention are capable of inhibiting the activity of HCV NS3-NS4A protease.
  • cells containing HCV replicon were incubated with the compounds of this invention, and a Taqman Real Time PCR assay was conducted to determine the percentage inhibition of HCV RNA level and the IC50 were calculated therefrom. The result are shown below in Table 1:
  • compositions comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an amount effective to decrease the viral load in a sample or in a patient, wherein said virus encodes a serine protease necessary for the viral life cycle, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention are utilized in these compositions, those salts are preferably derived from inorganic or organic acids and bases .
  • acid salts include the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzene sulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphor sulfonate, cyclopentane-propionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenyl-propionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate,
  • Base salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts, such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases, such as dicyclohexylamine salts, N-methyl-D-glucamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and so forth.
  • the basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates, such as dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides, such as benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained.
  • lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides
  • dialkyl sulfates such as dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diamyl sulfates
  • long chain halides such
  • compositions and methods of this invention may also be modified by appending appropriate functionalities to enhance selective biological properties.
  • modifications are known in the art and include those which increase biological penetration into a given biological system (e.g., blood, lymphatic system, central nervous system), increase oral availability, increase solubility to allow administration by injection, alter metabolism and alter rate of excretion.
  • compositions of this invention include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat .
  • the compositions of this invention are formulated for pharmaceutical administration to a mammal, preferably a human being.
  • compositions of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir.
  • parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
  • the compositions are administered orally or intravenously.
  • Sterile injectable forms of the compositions of this invention may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1, 3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides .
  • Fatty acids such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically- acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • oils such as olive oil or castor oil
  • These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents which are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions.
  • a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents which are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions.
  • surfactants such as Tweens, Spans and other emulsifying agents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.
  • compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions.
  • carriers that are commonly used include lactose and corn starch.
  • Lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added.
  • useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch.
  • aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.
  • compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
  • suppositories may be prepared by mixing the agent with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the drug.
  • suitable non-irritating excipient include cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
  • compositions of this invention may also be administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs . Topical application for the lower intestinal tract may be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a suitable ointment containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers .
  • Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a suitable lotion or cream containing the active components suspended or dissolved in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, preferably, as solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with our without a preservative such as benzylalkonium chloride.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.
  • compositions of this invention may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation.
  • Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.
  • Most preferred are pharmaceutical compositions formulated for oral administration.
  • compositions of this invention additionally comprise another anti-viral agent, preferably an anti-HCV agent.
  • anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, immunornodulatory . agents, such as ⁇ -, ⁇ - , and ⁇ -interferons and pegylated derivatized interferon- compounds; other anti-viral agents, such as ribavirin and amantadine; other inhibitors of hepatitis C proteases (NS2-NS3 inhibitors and NS3-NS4A inhibitors); inhibitors of other targets in the HCV life cycle, including helicase and polymeras_e inhibitors; inhibitors of internal ribosome entry; broad- spectrum viral inhibitors, such as IMPDH inhibitors (e.g., VX-497 and other IMPDH inhibitors disclosed in United States Patent 5,807,876, ycophenolic acid and derivatives thereof) ; or combinations of any of the above .
  • IMPDH inhibitors e.g., VX-497 and
  • a maintenance dose of a compound, composition or combination of this invention may be administered, if necessary. Subsequently, the dosage or frequency of administration, or both, may be reduced, as a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the improved condition is retained when the symptoms have been alleviated to the desired level, treatment should cease. Patients may, however, require intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any recurrence of disease symptoms.
  • a specific dosage and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the judgment of the treating physician and the severity of the particular disease being treated.
  • the amount of active ingredients will also depend upon the particular described compound and the presence or absence and the nature of the additional anti-viral agent in the composition.
  • the invention provides a method for treating a patient infected with a virus characterized by a virally encoded serine protease that is necessary for the life cycle of the virus by administering to said patient a pharmaceutically acceptable composition of this invention.
  • the methods of this invention are used to treat a patient suffering from a HCV infection. Such treatment may completely eradicate the viral infection or reduce the severity thereof.
  • the patient is a human being.
  • the methods of this invention additionally comprise the step of administering to said patient an anti-viral agent preferably an anti- HCV agent.
  • anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, immunornodulatory agents, such as - , ⁇ -, and ⁇ -interferons and pegylated derivatized interferon- ⁇ compounds; other anti-viral agents, such as ribavirin and amantadine; other inhibitors of hepatitis C proteases (NS2-NS3 inhibitors and NS3-NS4A inhibitors) ; inhibitors of other targets in the HCV life cycle, including helicase and polymerase inhibitors; inhibitors of internal ribosome entry; broad-spectrum viral inhibitors, such as IMPDH inhibitors (e.g., VX-497 and other IMPDH inhibitors disclosed in United States Patent 5,807,876, mycophenolic acid and derivatives thereof) ; or combinations of any of the above.
  • IMPDH inhibitors e.g., VX
  • Such additional agent may be administered to said patient as part of a single dosage form comprising both a compound of this invention and an additional antiviral agent.
  • the additional agent may be administered separately from the compound of this invention, as part of a multiple dosage form, wherein said additional agent is administered prior to, together with or following a composition comprising a compound of this invention.
  • the present invention provides a method of pre-treating a biological substance intended for administration to a patient comprising the step of contacting said biological substance with a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of this invention.
  • biological substances include, but are not limited to, blood and components thereof such as plasma, platelets, subpopulations of blood cells and the like; organs such as kidney, liver, heart, lung, etc; sperm and ova; bone marrow and components thereof, and other fluids to be infused into a patient such as saline, dextrose, etc.
  • the invention provides methods of treating materials that may potentially come into contact with a virus characterized by a virally encoded serine protease necessary for its life cycle.
  • This method comprises the step of contacting said material with a compound according to the invention.
  • materials include, but are not limited to, surgical instruments and garments; laboratory instruments and garments; blood collection apparatuses and materials; and invasive devices, such as shunts, stents, etc.
  • the compounds of this invention may be used as laboratory tools to aid in the isolation of a virally encoded serine protease.
  • This method comprises the steps of providing a compound of this invention attached to a solid support; contacting said solid support with a sample containing a viral serine protease under conditions that cause said protease to bind to said solid support; and eluting said serine protease from said solid support.
  • the viral serine protease isolated by this method is HCV NS3-NS4A protease.
  • reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 h. then it was lowered to -78°C.
  • the 3 following reagents were sequentially added with 5 min. in between each addition: TFA (9.08 mL; .118 mmol; 1.05 eq) , boron trifluoride etherate (14.93 mL; .118 mol; 1.05 eq) and, for example, cyclopentadiene (16.37 mL; .146 mol; 1.3 eq) .
  • TFA 9.08 mL; .118 mmol; 1.05 eq
  • boron trifluoride etherate 14.93 mL; .118 mol; 1.05 eq
  • cyclopentadiene (16.37 mL; .146 mol; 1.3 eq
  • the aza Diels-Alder adduct 1 (23.5 g; 0.086 mol) was dissolved in 200 mL of absolute ethanol, and, for example, Pd-C 10% (600 mg) was added.
  • the mixture was stirred at rt under hydrogen (55 psi) for 16 h. Filtration through a pad of celite (or nylon/carbon filter combination) and concentration yielded 14.2 g of 2 (97%) as a pale yellow oil which was used directly for the next step.
  • the compound was characterized using NMR.
  • Amino ester 2 (3.45 g; 0.0204 mol; 1.0 eq) was added a mixture of, for example, IN NaOH (71 mL; .143 mol; 3.5 eq) and 71 mL of water and stirred at rt for 4 h (TLC monitoring w/ mixture of EtOAc and 5% TEA) .
  • TLC monitoring w/ mixture of EtOAc and 5% TEA TLC monitoring w/ mixture of EtOAc and 5% TEA
  • 140 ⁇ L of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to a solution of acid 3_ (3.86g; 0.014 mol) in 30 mL of DCM.
  • the solution was brought to -20°C and saturated with isobutylene, causing a volume increase of 14 mL.
  • the cap was remove to release the pressure and the solution was added to 25 mL of water containing sodium carbonate sufficient to neutralize all acid.
  • the compound 4_ was used directly for the next step without further purification.
  • the compound was characterized using NMR.
  • hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon were maintained in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.25 mg per ml of G418, with appropriate supplements (media A) .
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • media A appropriate supplements
  • replicon cell monolayer was treated with a trypsin:EDTA mixture, removed, and then dilutedh media A into a final concentration of 100,000 cells per ml wit. 10,000 cells in 100 ul are plated into each well of a 96-well tissue culture plate, and culture overnight in a tissue culture incubator at 37°C.
  • compounds (in 100% DMSO) were serially diluted into DMEM containing 2% FBS, 0.5% DMSO, with appropriate supplements (media B) . The final concentration of DMSO was maintained at 0.5% throughout the dilution series.
  • the media on the replicon cell monolayer was removed, and then media B containing various concentrations of compounds was added. Media B without any compound was added to other wells as no compound controls.
  • RNA virus such as Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)
  • BVDV Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
  • RNA extraction reagents such as reagents from RNeasy kits
  • Total RNA was extracted according the instruction of manufacturer with modification to improve extraction efficiency and consistency.
  • total cellular RNA including HCV replicon RNA, was eluted and stored at -80°C until further processing.
  • a Taqman real-time RT-PCR quantification assay was set up with two sets of specific primers and probe. One was for HCV and the other was for BVDV.
  • RNA extractants from treated HCV replicon cells were added to the PCR reactions for quantification of both HCV and BVDV RNA in the same PCR well .
  • Experimental failure was flagged and rejected based on the level of BVDV RNA in each well.
  • the level of HCV RNA in each well was calculated according to a standard curve that is run in the same PCR plate.
  • the percentage of inhibition or decrease of HCV RNA level due to compound treatment was calculated using the DMSO or no compound control as 0% of inhibition.
  • the IC50 concentration at which 50% inhibition of HCV RNA level is observed was calculated from the titration curve of any given compound.
  • IC50 values inhibitory activity of some of the compounds of the present invention is shown in Table 1 above.
  • Ki determinations were performed as follows. The Ki values for some compounds of the present invention are recited above in Table 1. HPLC Microbore method for separation of 5AB substrate and products Substrate
  • the buffer was combined with KK4A, DTT, and tNS3 ; 177 ⁇ L of this solution was distributed each into wells of 96 well plate and incubated at 30 °C for -5-10 min. 3 ⁇ L of appropriate concentration of test compound dissolved in DMSO (DMSO only for control) was added to each well and incubate at 30 °C for 15 min.
  • Reaction was initiated by addition of 20 ⁇ L of 200 ⁇ M 5AB substrate (20 ⁇ M concentration is equivalent or slightly lower than the Km for 5AB) and incubated for 20 min at 30
  • the SMSY product was isolated from substrate and KK4A by the method which follows.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to peptidomimetic compounds which inhibit serine protease activity, particularly the activity of hepatitis c virus NS3-NS4A protease. As such, they act by interfering with the life cycle of the hepatitis c virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The compounds of this invention have a bridged bicyclic moiety at the P2 position. The invention further relates to compositions comprising these compounds either for ex vivo use or for administration to a patient suffering from HCV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HCV infection in a patient by adminstering a composition comprising a compound of this invention.

Description

BRIDGED BICYCLIC SERINE PROTEASE INHIBITORS TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to peptidomimetic compounds which inhibit serine protease activity, particularly the activity of hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A protease. As such, they act by interfering with the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The compounds of this invention are characterized by a bridged bicyclic moiety at the P2 position. The invention further relates to compositions comprising these compounds either for ex vivo use or for administration to a patient suffering from HCV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HCV infection in a patient by administering a composition comprising a compound of this invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Infection by hepatitis C virus ("HCV") is a compelling human medical problem. HCV is recognized as the causative agent for most cases of non-A, non-B hepatitis, with an estimated human seroprevalence of 3% globally [A. Alberti et al . , "Natural History of Hepatitis C," J. Hepatology, 31., (Suppl. 1), pp. 17-24
(1999) ] . Nearly four million individuals may be infected in the United States alone [M.. J. Alter et al . , "The Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in the United States, Gastroenterol . Clin. North Am., 23, pp. 437-455 (1994); M. J. Alter "Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States," J. Hepatology, 31., (Suppl. 1), pp. 88-91 (1999) ] . Upon first exposure to HCV only about 20% of infected individuals develop acute clinical hepatitis while others appear to resolve the infection spontaneously. In almost 70% of instances, however, the virus establishes a chronic infection that persists for decades [S. Iwarson, "The Natural Course of Chronic Hepatitis," FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 14, pp. 201-204 (1994) ; D. Lavanchy, "Global Surveillance and Control of Hepatitis C," J. Viral Hepatitis, 6, pp. 35-47 (1999)]. This usually results in recurrent and progressively worsening liver inflammation, which often leads to more severe disease states such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [M.C. Kew, "Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma", FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 14, pp. 211-220 (1994); I. Saito et. al . , "Hepatitis C Virus Infection is Associated with the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, pp. 6547-6549 (1990)]. Unfortunately, there are no broadly effective treatments for the debilitating progression of chronic HCV.
The HCV genome encodes a polyprotein of 3010- 3033 amino acids [Q.-L. Choo, et . al . , "Genetic Organization and Diversity of the Hepatitis C Virus." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, pp. 2451-2455 (1991); N. Kato et al . , "Molecular Cloning of the Human Hepatitis C Virus Genome From Japanese Patients with Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, pp. 9524-9528 (1990); A. Takamizawa et . al . , "Structure and Organization of the Hepatitis C Virus Genome Isolated From Human Carriers," J. Virol., 65, pp. 1105-1113 (1991)]. The HCV nonstructural (NS) proteins are presumed to provide the essential catalytic machinery for viral replication. The NS proteins are derived by proteolytic cleavage of the polyprotein [R. Bartenschlager et . al . , "Nonstructural Protein 3 of the Hepatitis C Virus Encodes a Serine-Type Proteinase Required for Cleavage at the NS3/4 and NS4/5 Junctions," J. Virol., 67, pp. 3835-3844 (1993); A. Grakoui et . al . , "Characterization of the Hepatitis C Virus-Encoded Serine Proteinase: Determination of Proteinase-Dependent Polyprotein Cleavage Sites," J. Virol., 67, pp. 2832-2843 (1993); A. Grakoui et . al . , "Expression and
Identification of Hepatitis C Virus Polyprotein Cleavage Products," J. Virol., 67, pp. 1385-1395 (1993); L. Tomei et . al . , "NS3 is a serine protease required for processing of hepatitis C virus polyprotein", J. Virol . , 67, pp. 4017-4026 (1993)].
The HCV NS protein 3 (NS3) contains a serine protease activity that helps process the majority of the viral enzymes, and is thus considered essential for viral replication and infectivity. It is known that mutations in the yellow fever virus NS3 protease decreases viral infectivity [Chambers, T.J. et. al., "Evidence that the N-terminal Domain of Nonstructural Protein NS3 From Yellow Fever Virus is a Serine Protease Responsible for Site-Specific Cleavages in the Viral Polyprotein", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, pp. 8898-8902 (1990)]. The first 181 amino acids of NS3 (residues 1027-1207 of the viral polyprotein) have been shown to contain the serine protease domain of NS3 that processes all four downstream sites of the HCV polyprotein [C. Lin et al . , "Hepatitis C virus NS3 Serine Proteinase: Trans-Cleavage Requirements and Processing Kinetics", J. Virol., 68, pp. 8147-8157 (1994)] . The HCV NS3 serine protease and its associated cofactor, NS4A, helps process all of the viral enzymes, and is thus considered essential for viral replication. This processing appears to be analogous to that carried out by the human immunodeficiency virus aspartyl protease, which is also involved in viral enzyme processing HIV protease inhibitors, which inhibit viral protein processing are potent antiviral agents in man, indicating that interrupting this stage of the viral life cycle results in therapeutically active agents. Consequently it is an attractive target for drug discovery.
Several potential HCV protease inhibitors have been described in the prior art [PCT publication Nos. WO 00/09558, WO 00/09543, WO 99/64442, WO 99/07733, WO
99/07734, WO 99/50230, WO 98/46630, WO 98/17679 and WO 97/43310, United States Patent 5,990,276, M. Llinas- Brunet et al . , Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, pp. 1713-18 (1998); W. Han et al . , Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10, 711- 13 (2000); R. Dunsdon et al . , Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10, pp. 1571-79 (2000); M. Llinas-Brunet et al . , Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10, pp. 2267-70 (2000); and S. LaPlante et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10, pp. 2271-74 (2000)]. Unfortunately, there are no serine protease inhibitors available currently as anti-HCV agents.
Furthermore, the current understanding of HCV has not led to any other satisfactory anti-HCV agents or treatments. The only established therapy for HCV disease is interferon treatment. However, interferons have significant side effects [M. A. Wlaker et al . , "Hepatitis C Virus : An Overview of Current Approaches and Progress," DDT, 4, pp. 518-29 (1999); D. Moradpour et al . , "Current and Evolving Therapies for Hepatitis C," Eur. J. Gastroenterol . Hepatol., 11, pp. 1199-1202 (1999); H. L. A .Janssen et al . "Suicide Associated with Alfa-Interferon Therapy for Chronic Viral Hepatitis," J^ Hepatol . , 21, pp. 241-243 (1994); P.F. Renault et al . , "Side Effects of Alpha Interferon," Seminars in Liver Disease, 9, pp. 273-277. (1989)] and induce long term remission in only a fraction (~ 25%) of cases [O. Weiland, "Interferon Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection" , FEMS Microbiol . Rev., 14, pp. 279-288
(1994)]. Moreover, the prospects for effective anti-HCV vaccines remain uncertain.
Thus, there is a need for more effective anti- HCV therapies. Such inhibitors would have therapeutic potential as protease inhibitors, particularly as serine protease inhibitors, and more particularly as HCV NS3 protease inhibitors. Specifically, such compounds may be useful as antiviral agents, particularly as anti-HCV agents . SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention solves the problem set forth above by providing a compound of formula I :
Figure imgf000006_0001
(I) wherein :
A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a 4- to 7-membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring having up to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, NH, 0, SO, or SO2; wherein said ring is optionally fused to a (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, (C3- C10) cycloalkyl or (C3-C10)heterocyclyl; wherein A has up to 3 substituents selected independently from J;
X is -[CH2]0-, -[CJ'J'.o-, -[CH2]m-0-, -[CH2]m-S(0)2-, -[CH2]m-S0-, -[CH2]m-S-, -[CR2oR2o]m- R2i-, or - [CR20R2o] m" NJ''-, wherein:
R21 is hydrogen or -C(0)-0-R22; o is 1 or 2;
R22 is - (C1-C6) alkyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl, or - (C2-C6) alkynyl ; m is 0 or 1;
J is halogen, -OR', -N02, -CF3, -OCF3, -R', oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R')2# -SR', -SOR', -S02R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R')2; J1 is halogen, -OR', -N02, -CF3, -0CF3, -R' , -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R')2/ -SR', -SOR', -S02R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R')2;
J' ' is -OR*, -CF3, -OCF3, -R', oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R')2, -SR' , -SOR', -S02R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R')2, wherein each R' is independently: hydrogen,
-(C1-C12) aliphatic,
- (C3-C10) cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) aliphatic- [ (C3 -CIO) cycloalkyl or
-cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C6-C10)aryl, - (C1-C12 aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3-C10 heterocyclyl , - (C1-C12 aliphatic- (C6-C10) heterocyclyl, - (C5-C10 -heteroaryl, or -(C1-C12 -aliphatic- (C5-C10) eteroaryl;
Ri and R3 are independently
- (C1-C12 aliphatic, - (C3-C10 -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12 -aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or ■cycloalkenyl - (C6-C10 -aryl,
(C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10)aryl,
- (C3-C10) -heterocyclyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) eterocyclyl,
- (C5-C10) heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, wherein each of Ri and R3 is independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to 3 aliphatic carbon atoms in Rx and R3 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, NH, S, SO, and S02 in a chemically stable arrangement; R and R4 are independently hydrogen,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C3-C10) cycloalkyl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, wherein each of R2 and R4 is independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to two aliphatic carbon atoms in R2 and R4 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from
O, NH, S, SO, and S02;
R5 is - (C1-C12) aliphatic, wherein any hydrogen is optionally replaced with halogen, and wherein any hydrogen or halogen atom bound to any terminal carbon atom of R5 is optionally substituted with sulfhydryl or hydroxy;
W is: -C(0)OH;
Figure imgf000009_0001
wherein each R6 is independently : hydrogen,
- (C1-C12 ) aliphatic , - (C6 -C10 ) aryl ,
- (C6-C10) aryl- (C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C3-CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) -aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C3-CIO) heterocyclyl,
- (C3-CIO) heterocyclyl- (C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C5-C10) heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, or two R6 groups, which are bound to the same nitrogen atom, form together with that nitrogen atom, a - (C3-C10) heterocyclic ring; wherein R6 is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents or with a suitable electron withdrawing group; V is -C(0)N(R8)-, -S(0)N(R8)~, -S(0)2N(R8) -, a bond, -CH(R8)-, -N(R8)-, -0-, -O-CH(Rβ)-, -S-, -S-CH(R8), -C(O)-, -C(0)-0-, -C(0)-S-, -C(0)-CHR8-, -S(O)-, -S (O) -CH (Ra) , -S(0)-N(R8)-CHR8, -S(0)2~, -S-(0)2-CH(R8)-, or ~S (O) 2-N (R8) - CHR8 ; wherein R8 is hydrogen or - (C1-C12) aliphatic; T is:
- (C6-C10)aryl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3 -CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C3 -CIO) eterocyclyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl, - (C5-C10) heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-C10) heteroaryl ; or T is:
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000011_0001
wherein :
Rio is : hydrogen ,
- (C1-C12 ) aliphatic ,
- (C6 -C10 ) aryl ,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl,
- (C3 -CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) aliphatic- [(C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or
-cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C3-C10) eterocyclyl,
- (C5-C10) heteroaryl, or - (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, wherein each T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents;
K is a bond, - (C1-C12) aliphatic, -0-, -S-, -NR9-, -C(O)-, or -C(0)-NR9-, wherein R9 is hydrogen or -(Cl- C12) aliphatic; n is 1-3; and each R20 is independently hydrogen, - (C1-C6) aliphatic or -0- ( (C1-C6) aliphatic) ; or each R20 is taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound to form a (C3-C6) cycloalkyl.
The invention also relates to compositions that comprise the above compound and the use thereof. Such compositions may be useful to pre-treat invasive devices to be inserted into a patient, to treat biologicals, such as blood, prior to administration to a patient, and for direct administration to a patient. In each case the composition will be used to inhibit HCV replication and to lessen the risk of or the severity of HCV infection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a compound of
formula (I) :
Figure imgf000012_0001
(I) wherein:
A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a 4- to 7-membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring having up to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, NH, O, SO, or S02; wherein said ring is optionally fused to a (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-CIO) eteroaryl, (C3- C10) cycloalkyl or (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl; wherein A has up to 3 substituents selected independently from J; X is -[CH2]0-, -[CJ'J']0-, -[CH2]m-0-, -[CH2]m-S(0)2-, -[CH2]m-SO-, -[CH2]m-S-, -[CR2oR2o]m-NR2i-, or - [CR20R2o] m~ NJ' ' -, wherein:
R21 is hydrogen or -C(0)-0-R22; o is 1 or 2;
R22 is -(C1-C6) alkyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl, or - (C2-C6) alkynyl; m is 0 or 1;
J is halogen, -OR', -N02, -CF3, -OCF3, -R', oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R')2, -SR', -SOR', -S02R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R')2;
J' is halogen, -OR', -N02, -CF3, -OCF3, -R' , -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R')2, -SR' , -SOR', -S02R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R')2; J' ' is -OR', -CF3, -OCF3, -R' , oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R')2, -SR' , -SOR', -S02R', -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R')2, wherein each R' is independently: hydrogen, -(C1-C12) aliphatic,
- (C3-CIO) cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C6-C10)aryl, - (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl,
- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-CIO) eterocyclyl, - (C5-C10) -heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) -aliphatic- (C5-C10) eteroaryl ; Rx and R3 are independently:
- (C1-C12) aliphatic,
- (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) -aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C6-C10) -aryl,
(C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3 -CIO) -heterocyclyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6 -CIO) heterocyclyl, - (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, or - (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5 -CIO) heteroaryl, wherein each of Rx and R3 is independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to 3 aliphatic carbon atoms in Rx and R3 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, NH, S, SO, and S02 in a chemically stable arrangement;
R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C3-C10) cycloalkyl, or - (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, wherein each of R2 and R4 is independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to two aliphatic carbon atoms in R2 and R4 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, NH, S, SO, and S02;
RΞ is - (C1-C12) aliphatic, wherein any hydrogen is optionally replaced with halogen, and wherein any hydrogen or halogen atom bound to any terminal carbon atom of R5 is optionally substituted with sulfhydryl or hydroxy;
W is: -C(0)0H;
Figure imgf000015_0001
wherein each R6 is independently: hydrogen,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C6-C10)aryl,
- (C6-C10) aryl- (C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) -aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] , -(C3-C10) heterocyclyl ,
- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl- (C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C5-C10) heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, or two R6 groups, which are bound to the same nitrogen atom, form together with that nitrogen atom, a - (C3-C10) heterocyclic ring; wherein R6 is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents or with a suitable electron withdrawing group; V is -C(0)N(R8)-, -S(0)N(R8)-, -S (O) 2N (R8) - , a bond, -CH(R8)-, -N(R8)-, -0-, -0-CH(R8)-, -S-, -S-CH(R8), -C(O)- -C(0)-0-, -C(0)-S-, -C(0)-CHR8-, -S(O)-, -S (O) -CH (R8) , -S(0)-N(R8)-CHR8, -S(0)2-, -S-(0)2-CH(R8)-, or -S (0) 2-N (R8) CHR8 ; wherein R8 is hydrogen or - (C1-C12) aliphatic; T is:
-(C6-C10)aryl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3-CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C3-CIO) heterocyclyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C3-C10) heterocyclyl,
- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl ; or T is:
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0002
wherein :
Rio is : hydrogen,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C6-C10)aryl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3 -CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C3-C10) heterocyclyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C3-C10) heterocyclyl, - (C5-C10) heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5 -CIO) heteroaryl, wherein each T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents;
K is a bond, - (C1-C12) aliphatic, -O- , -S-, -NR9-, -C(O)-, or -C(0)-NR9-, wherein R9 is hydrogen or - (Cl- C12) aliphatic; n is 1-3; and each R2o is independently hydrogen, - (C1-C6) aliphatic or -O- ( (C1-C6) aliphatic) ; or each R0 is taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound to form a (C3-C6) cycloalkyl. DEFINITIONS
The term "aryl" as used herein means a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic aromatic ring system. Phenyl is an example of a monocyclic aromatic ring system. Bicyclic aromatic ring systems include systems wherein both rings are aromatic, e.g., naphthyl, and systems wherein only one of the two rings is aromatic, e.g. , tetralin. The bond " " refers to an optionally present bond. The term "heterocyclyl" as used herein means a monocyclic or bicyclic non-aromatic ring system having up to 4 , and preferably 1 to 3 , heteroatom or heteroatom groups in each ring selected from O, N, NH, S, SO, or S02 in a chemically stable arrangement. In a bicyclic non- aromatic ring system embodiment of "heterocyclyl" one or both rings may contain said heteroatom or heteroatom groups .
Heterocyclic rings include 3-lH-benzimidazol-2- one, 3- (1-alkyl) -benzimidazol-2-one, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-tetrahydrothiophenyl, 3- tetrahydrothiophenyl, 2-morpholino, 3-morpholino, 4- morpholino, 2-thiomorpholino, 3-thiomorpholino, 4- thiomorpholino, 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl , 3- pyrrolidinyl, 1-tetrahydropiperazinyl, 2- tetrahydropiperazinyl, 3-tetrahydropiperazinyl, 1- piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 1-pyrazolinyl, 3-pyrazolinyl, 4-pyrazolinyl, 5-pyrazolinyl, 1- piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3-piperidinyl, 4-piperidinyl, 2-thiazolidinyl, 3-thiazolidinyl, 4-thiazolidinyl, 1- imidazolidinyl, 2-imidazolidinyl, 4-imidazolidinyl, 5- imidazolidinyl, indolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, benzothiolane, and benzodithiane . The term "heteroaryl" as used herein means a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring system having up to 4, and preferably 1 to 3, heteroatom or heteroatom groups in each ring selected from O, N, NH or S in a chemically stable arrangement. In such a bicyclic aromatic ring system embodiment of "heteroaryl":
- one or both rings may be aromatic; and - one or both rings may contain said heteroatom or heteroatom groups .
Heteroaryl rings include 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, N-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, N-pyrrolyl, 2- pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2- pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl) , 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5- thiazolyl, tetrazolyl (e.g., 5-tetrazolyl) , triazolyl (e.g., 2-triazolyl and 5-triazolyl) , 2-thienyl, 3- thienyl, benzofuryl, benzothiophenyl , indolyl (e.g., 2- indolyl) , pyrazolyl (e.g., 2-pyrazolyl) , isothiazolyl, 1, 2, 3-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2 , 5-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2,3-triazolyl, 1, 2, 3 -thiadiazolyl, 1, 3 ,4-thiadiazolyl, 1, 2 , 5-thiadiazolyl, purinyl, pyrazinyl, 1, 3 , 5-triazinyl, quinolinyl (e.g., 2-'quinolinyl, 3-quinolinyl, 4- quinolinyl) , and isoquinolinyl (e.g., 1-isoquinolinyl, 3- isoquinolinyl, or 4-isoquinolinyl) . Each of the above aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl above may contain up to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, -OR', -N02, -CF3, -OCF3, -R' , oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1,2- methylenedioxy, -N(R')2, -C(0)R', -COOR' or -CON(R')2, wherein R' is independently selected from H, (C1-C6) - alkyl, (C2-C6) -alkenyl or alkynyl.
The term "aliphatic" as used herein means a straight chained or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl. It is understood that alkenyl or alkynyl embodiments need at least two carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain.
The term "cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl" refers to a monocyclic or fused or bridged bicyclic carbocyclic ring system that is not aromatic. Cycloalkenyl rings have one or more units of unsaturation. Preferred cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl , cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl , nornbornyl, adamantyl and decalin-yl .
The phrase "chemically stable arrangement" as used herein refers to a compound structure that renders the compound sufficiently stable to allow manufacture and administration to a mammal by methods known in the art. • Typically, such compounds are stable at a temperature of 40°C or less, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive condition, for at least a week.
According to a preferred embodiment, ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, has up to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, NH, O, SO, and S02.
According to a preferred embodiment, ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a 3-6 membered carbocyclic non-aromatic or aromatic ring. More preferably, ring A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl. Even more preferably, ring A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is cylcohexyl or cyclopentyl. Most preferably, ring A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is cyclohexyl.
According to another preferred embodiment, ring A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a 3-6 membered heterocyclic ring. More preferably, ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a
5-6 membered heterocyclic ring. According to another preferred embodiment, ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring.
According to yet another preferred embodiment, ring A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is fused to a (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, (C3-CIO) cycloalkyl or (C3-C10)- heterocyclyl. Preferably, ring A together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is fused to cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, phenyl or pyridyl .
According to a preferred embodiment, compounds of the present invention have formula (IA) :
Figure imgf000021_0001
wherein T, V, R1# R2, R3, R , R5, R20, X, W, and m are as defined herein.
According to another preferred embodiment, compounds of the present invention have formula (IB) :
Figure imgf000021_0002
wherein T, V, Rx, R3, R5, R20, X, W and m are as defined herein.
According to a preferred embodiment, V is -NH- .
According to another preferred embodiment, V is -C(0)-.
According to another preferred embodiment, R5 is C2-C3 alkyl substituted with 1-3 chlorine or fluorine.
According to yet another preferred embodiment T or R6 is a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl, optionally having up to 3 substituents as defined above.
According to yet another preferred embodiment, T is a - (C5-C10) heteroaryl.
According to yet another preferred embodiment, T is selected from 3-lH-benzimidazol-2-one, 3- (1-alkyl) - benzimidazol-2-one, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 3- tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrazolinyl, l,3-dihydro~imidazol-2- one, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 2- oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 5- tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl or 1, 3 , 5-triazinyl.
Even more preferably, T or R7 is 3-1H- benzimidazol-2-one, 3- (1-alkyl) -benzimidazol-2-one, )2- pyrazolinyl, 1, 3-dihydro-imidazol-2-one, 2-imidazolyl, 2- pyrrolyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 5-tetrazolyl or pyrazinyl.
Most preferred is when T or R7 is selected from:
Figure imgf000022_0001
Preferred substituents on T or R7 in the above embodiments are halogen, -CF3, -OCF3, oxo, -COOR' or -C0N(R')2/ wherein R' is as defined above.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, R1 is -CH2-CH (CH3) -CH3, -C(CH3)3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3) -CH2-CH3 or cyclohexyl. Most preferably R1 is cyclohexyl .
According to another preferred embodiment, R3 is selected from -C(CH3)2# -CH(CH3)2/ -CH (CH3) -CH2-CH3 or cyclohexyl. More preferably, R3 is selected from -C(CH3)3, or -CH(CH3)2.
According to yet another preferred embodiment, each R2 is independently selected from -CH3 or hydrogen. Even more preferred is when R2 is hydrogen. According to another preferred embodiment, R5 is
-CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2F, -CHCH2CHF2/ or -CH2CH2CF3. More preferred is when R5 is -CH2CH2CH2CH3 or -CH2CH2CHF2. Most preferably R5 is -CH2CH2CH2CH3.
According to another preferred embodiment, R5 is -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2F, -CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3. More preferred is when R5 is -CH2CH2CH3, or -CHCHF2. Most preferably R5 is -CH2CH2CH3.
According to a preferred embodiment, W is -C(O) -C(O) -R6. Preferably, R6 is isopropyl. According to another preferred embodiment, W is
-C(O) -C(O) -OR6. Preferably, R6 is hydrogen, (C1-C12)- aliphatic, (C6-C10) -aryl, (C3-CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, (C3-CIO) -heterocyclyl or (C5- C10) eteroaryl. More preferably, R6 is H or methyl. According to another preferred embodiment, W is -C(O) -C(O) -N(R6)2. Preferably, R6 is hydrogen, (C3-C10)- cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, or (C3 -CIO) -heterocyclyl .
In another preferred embodiment of formula I is where W is C (O) -C (O) -N(R5) 2, the NRSR6 portion of the W moiety is -NH- (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, -NH-CH(CH3) - (C6-C10) aryl or -NH-CH(CH3) - (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl, or -NH-CH (CH3) - (C5- C10) heteroaryl, wherein said aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
Alternatively, the NR6R6 portion is -NH-(C3- C6) cycloalkyl, -NH-CH (CH3) - (C6-C10) aryl, or -NH-CH (CH3) - (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, wherein said aryl or said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with halogen,- or NR6R6 is -NH-(C3-C6) cycloalkyl, -NH-CH (CH3) - (C6-C10) aryl, or -NH-CH (CH3)- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl, wherein said aryl or said heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with halogen.
In other preferred embodiment of formula I , R6 6 in W is:
Figure imgf000024_0001
More preferably, NR6R6 is :
Figure imgf000025_0001
Even more preferably, NR6R6 is :
Figure imgf000025_0002
Most preferably, NR6Re is
-NH
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, X is -[CH2]0-, -[CJ'J']0-, -[CH2]m-0-, -[CH2]m- S(0)2-, -[CH2]m-SO-, -[CR20R20]m-NR2ι-, or - [CR20R2o] m-NJ' ' - . In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, X is -CR20R2o-; -0-; -S(0)2. or NR2i.
Preferred embodiments of R20 are selected from hydrogen, -Cι-C6-aliphatic and -O- (Cι-C6-aliphatic) ; or each R2o is taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound to form a (C3-C6) cycloalkyl . Preferably, these aliphatic groups are alkyl groups.
Preferred embodiments of R2i are selected from hydrogen and -C(0)-0-R22.
In yet another preferred embodiment m in X is 0.
In yet another preferred embodiment, X is -CH2-, -0-, -S02- or -NR2ι-, wherein R2i is hydrogen.
More preferably, X is -CH2- .
Even more preferred is when the bridged bicyclic moiety is fully saturated.
According to another preferred embodiment of this invention, T contains at least one hydrogen bond donor moiety selected from -NH2, -NH-, -OH, and -SH.
In a preferred embodiment, T is:
Figure imgf000026_0001
Figure imgf000026_0002
Figure imgf000027_0001
wherein :
T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents, wherein J is as defined in claim 1;
Z is independently 0, S, NRι0, or C(Rιo)2; n is independently 1 or 2; and
===== is independently a single bond or a double bond. In another preferred embodiment , T is :
Figure imgf000028_0001
wherein Z is as defined above . More preferably T is
Figure imgf000028_0002
According to another preferred embodiment, T (C6 -C10 ) -aryl ,
(C6-C10) -aryl- (C1-C12) aliphatic, (C3 -CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] - (C1-C12) - aliphatic,
(C3-C10) -heterocyclyl,
(C3-C10) -heterocyclyl- (C1-C12) -aliphatic, (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, or
(C5-C10) heteroaryl- (C1-C12) -aliphatic, wherein each T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents .
According to yet another preferred embodiment of this invention, T:
Figure imgf000030_0001
wherein:
Rio is hydrogen,
(C1-C12) -aliphatic, (C6-C10) -aryl,
(C6-C10) -aryl- (C1-C12) aliphatic, (C3 -CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, [ (C3 -CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] - (CI- C12) -aliphatic, (C3-C10) -heterocyclyl,
(C3-C10) -heterocyclyl- (C1-C12) -aliphatic, (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, or (C5-C10) heteroaryl- (C1-C12) -aliphatic, wherein each T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents;
K is a bond, -0-, -S-, -NR9~, -C(O)-, or -C(0)-NR9-, wherein R9 is hydrogen or C1-C12 aliphatic; and n is 1-3. More preferably, T is:
Figure imgf000031_0001
In yet another preferred embodiment, Ri is
n xtx,
Figure imgf000031_0002
More preferably, R is
Figure imgf000031_0003
In yet another preferred embodiment, R3 is:
Figure imgf000032_0001
More preferably, R3 is
Figure imgf000032_0002
In yet another preferred embodiment, R5 is
Figure imgf000032_0003
More preferably, R5 is :
Figure imgf000032_0004
In yet another preferred embodiment, R2 and R4 are each independently H, methyl, ethyl, or propyl. More preferably, R2 and R4 are each H. According to a preferred embodiment, V is -C(0)-NR8-. More preferably, V is -C(0)-NH-. More preferably, the compound of this invention has the structure and stereochemistry depicted below in formula II:
Figure imgf000033_0001
wherein R3 and R6 represent the most preferred embodiments set forth above .
Any of the preferred embodiments recited above may be combined to produce a preferred embodiment of this invention.
The compounds of this invention may be synthesized by standard chemical schemes well-known in the art. Such schemes are set forth below, but other equivalent schemes, which will be readily apparent to the ordinary skilled organic chemist, may alternatively be used to synthesize various portions of the molecule. For example, compounds of formula I, wherein W is C(0)OH or C(0)C(0))R6 may be prepared according to the methods depicted in schemes 11 and/or 12. More specific synthesis schemes for individual compounds within applicants' invention are set forth in the examples. Scheme 1.
Synthesis of the Azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-3 -carboxylic acid when o = 1, m = 0 , each R20 = H, and R3 = t-Bu
Figure imgf000034_0001
1
Figure imgf000034_0002
Scheme 2.
Synthesis of the Azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-3 -carboxylic acid when o = 1, m = 0, and each R 2,n0 = OMe
co2εt
Figure imgf000034_0003
Figure imgf000034_0004
Figure imgf000034_0005
Scheme 3.
Synthesis of the Azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-3 -carboxylic acid when o = 1, m = 0, and one R20 = NH2 and the other R20 = OH
Figure imgf000035_0001
ifl 11
Figure imgf000035_0002
12
Scheme 4.
Synthesis of the Azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-3 -carboxylic acid when o = l, m = 0, and one R20 = Me and the other R20 = OH
Figure imgf000035_0003
13 14 15
Scheme 5.
Synthesis of the Azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-3 -carboxylic acid when o = 1, = 0, and one R20 = Me and the other R20 = H
Figure imgf000036_0001
1)CS2/NaH 18
16 or
Figure imgf000036_0002
17 19
Scheme 6.
Synthesis of the Azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane-3 -carboxylic acid when o = 2, m = 0, each R20 = H, and R3 = fc-Bu
Figure imgf000037_0001
20 21 22
Figure imgf000037_0002
Scheme 7.
Synthesis of the Azabicyclo [2 .2 .1] heptane-3 -carboxylic acid
Figure imgf000038_0001
3) 25 σ^
Figure imgf000038_0002
29 Scheme 8.
Synthesis of Scaffolds when X is O
Figure imgf000039_0001
Q
Figure imgf000039_0002
Figure imgf000039_0003
Scheme 9.
Synthesis of Scaffolds when X is NR21 or NJ
Figure imgf000040_0001
Figure imgf000040_0002
H2 / 55 psi
Figure imgf000040_0003
wherein R' ' is R21 or J' '
Scheme 10.
Synthesis of Scaffolds when X is SO or S02
Figure imgf000041_0001
70 h @ rt
Figure imgf000041_0002
-C02tBu cθ2tBu
Cbz
Figure imgf000041_0003
chain elongation chain elongation Scheme 11.
Synthesis of Compounds of Formula I when is C(θ)C(θ)N(R6)2
Method A
Figure imgf000042_0001
tBuOH, CH2CI2
wherein RC (0) NH- corresponds to T-V-
Scheme 12.
Synthesis of Compounds of Formula I when is C(O) C(θ)N(R6) 2
Method B
Figure imgf000043_0001
PyBOP, DIEA, DMF
Figure imgf000043_0002
Figure imgf000043_0003
Figure imgf000043_0004
wherein RC(0)NH- corresponds to T-V-
Scheme 13.
Synthesis of Compounds of Formula I when W is C(θ)C(0)R6
Method A
Figure imgf000044_0001
Dess-Martin periodinate CH2CI2, tBuOH
Figure imgf000044_0002
wherein RC(0)NH- corresponds to T-V-
Scheme 14.
Synthesis of Compounds of Formula I when is C(0)C(0)R6
Method B
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000045_0002
wherein RC(0)NH- corresponds to T-V-
As set forth above , the compounds of this invention are capable of inhibiting the activity of HCV NS3-NS4A protease. In order to quantitate the activity of the compounds of this invention, cells containing HCV replicon were incubated with the compounds of this invention, and a Taqman Real Time PCR assay was conducted to determine the percentage inhibition of HCV RNA level and the IC50 were calculated therefrom. The result are shown below in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Cmpd Structure Ki IC50 No. (nM) (nM)
220 >1000
Figure imgf000046_0001
90 886
Figure imgf000046_0002
Figure imgf000047_0001
96 2650
Figure imgf000048_0001
49 449
Figure imgf000048_0002
110 679
Figure imgf000048_0003
Figure imgf000049_0001
12 68 412
Figure imgf000050_0001
13 42 251
Figure imgf000050_0002
14 125 1240
Figure imgf000050_0003
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Another embodiment of this invention provides a composition comprising a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an amount effective to decrease the viral load in a sample or in a patient, wherein said virus encodes a serine protease necessary for the viral life cycle, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. If pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention are utilized in these compositions, those salts are preferably derived from inorganic or organic acids and bases . Included among such acid salts are the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzene sulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphor sulfonate, cyclopentane-propionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenyl-propionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate and undeσanoate. Base salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts, such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts, such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases, such as dicyclohexylamine salts, N-methyl-D-glucamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and so forth.
Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates, such as dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides, such as benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained.
The compounds utilized in the compositions and methods of this invention may also be modified by appending appropriate functionalities to enhance selective biological properties. Such modifications are known in the art and include those which increase biological penetration into a given biological system (e.g., blood, lymphatic system, central nervous system), increase oral availability, increase solubility to allow administration by injection, alter metabolism and alter rate of excretion.
Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that may be used in these compositions include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool fat . According to a preferred embodiment, the compositions of this invention are formulated for pharmaceutical administration to a mammal, preferably a human being.
Such pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. The term "parenteral" as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. Preferably, the compositions are administered orally or intravenously.
Sterile injectable forms of the compositions of this invention may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1, 3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides . Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically- acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions. These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents which are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions. Other commonly used surfactants, such as Tweens, Spans and other emulsifying agents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be orally administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited to, capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions. In the case of tablets for oral use, carriers that are commonly used include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium stearate, are also typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents include lactose and dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the active ingredient is combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain sweetening, flavoring or coloring agents may also be added.
Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. These may be prepared by mixing the agent with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at room temperature but liquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials include cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Suitable topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs . Topical application for the lower intestinal tract may be effected in a rectal suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used.
For topical applications, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a suitable ointment containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers . Carriers for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a suitable lotion or cream containing the active components suspended or dissolved in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
For ophthalmic use, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, preferably, as solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with our without a preservative such as benzylalkonium chloride. Alternatively, for ophthalmic uses, the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may also be administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions are prepared according to techniques well known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents. Most preferred are pharmaceutical compositions formulated for oral administration.
In a related embodiment, the compositions of this invention additionally comprise another anti-viral agent, preferably an anti-HCV agent. Such anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, immunornodulatory . agents, such as α-, β- , and γ-interferons and pegylated derivatized interferon- compounds; other anti-viral agents, such as ribavirin and amantadine; other inhibitors of hepatitis C proteases (NS2-NS3 inhibitors and NS3-NS4A inhibitors); inhibitors of other targets in the HCV life cycle, including helicase and polymeras_e inhibitors; inhibitors of internal ribosome entry; broad- spectrum viral inhibitors, such as IMPDH inhibitors (e.g., VX-497 and other IMPDH inhibitors disclosed in United States Patent 5,807,876, ycophenolic acid and derivatives thereof) ; or combinations of any of the above .
Upon improvement of a patient's condition, a maintenance dose of a compound, composition or combination of this invention may be administered, if necessary. Subsequently, the dosage or frequency of administration, or both, may be reduced, as a function of the symptoms, to a level at which the improved condition is retained when the symptoms have been alleviated to the desired level, treatment should cease. Patients may, however, require intermittent treatment on a long-term basis upon any recurrence of disease symptoms.
It should also be understood that a specific dosage and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the judgment of the treating physician and the severity of the particular disease being treated. The amount of active ingredients will also depend upon the particular described compound and the presence or absence and the nature of the additional anti-viral agent in the composition.
According to another embodiment, the invention provides a method for treating a patient infected with a virus characterized by a virally encoded serine protease that is necessary for the life cycle of the virus by administering to said patient a pharmaceutically acceptable composition of this invention. Preferably, the methods of this invention are used to treat a patient suffering from a HCV infection. Such treatment may completely eradicate the viral infection or reduce the severity thereof.. More preferably, the patient is a human being.
In an alternate embodiment, the methods of this invention additionally comprise the step of administering to said patient an anti-viral agent preferably an anti- HCV agent. Such anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, immunornodulatory agents, such as - , β-, and γ-interferons and pegylated derivatized interferon-α compounds; other anti-viral agents, such as ribavirin and amantadine; other inhibitors of hepatitis C proteases (NS2-NS3 inhibitors and NS3-NS4A inhibitors) ; inhibitors of other targets in the HCV life cycle, including helicase and polymerase inhibitors; inhibitors of internal ribosome entry; broad-spectrum viral inhibitors, such as IMPDH inhibitors (e.g., VX-497 and other IMPDH inhibitors disclosed in United States Patent 5,807,876, mycophenolic acid and derivatives thereof) ; or combinations of any of the above. Such additional agent may be administered to said patient as part of a single dosage form comprising both a compound of this invention and an additional antiviral agent. Alternatively the additional agent may be administered separately from the compound of this invention, as part of a multiple dosage form, wherein said additional agent is administered prior to, together with or following a composition comprising a compound of this invention.
In yet another embodiment the present invention provides a method of pre-treating a biological substance intended for administration to a patient comprising the step of contacting said biological substance with a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of this invention. Such biological substances include, but are not limited to, blood and components thereof such as plasma, platelets, subpopulations of blood cells and the like; organs such as kidney, liver, heart, lung, etc; sperm and ova; bone marrow and components thereof, and other fluids to be infused into a patient such as saline, dextrose, etc. According to another embodiment the invention provides methods of treating materials that may potentially come into contact with a virus characterized by a virally encoded serine protease necessary for its life cycle. This method comprises the step of contacting said material with a compound according to the invention. Such materials include, but are not limited to, surgical instruments and garments; laboratory instruments and garments; blood collection apparatuses and materials; and invasive devices, such as shunts, stents, etc. In another embodiment, the compounds of this invention may be used as laboratory tools to aid in the isolation of a virally encoded serine protease. This method comprises the steps of providing a compound of this invention attached to a solid support; contacting said solid support with a sample containing a viral serine protease under conditions that cause said protease to bind to said solid support; and eluting said serine protease from said solid support. Preferably, the viral serine protease isolated by this method is HCV NS3-NS4A protease.
In order that this invention be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. These examples are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1 Ethyl(lS,3S,4R)-2- [ (IR) -1-phenylethyl] -2- azabicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-3-carboxylate (1) (example for n = o, m = 0; each R20 = H) see Scheme 1 (R) -Methylbenzylamine (15 mL; .118 mol; 1.05 eq) was added to a stirred 0°C solution of for example, ethyl glyoxylate 50% in toluene (23 mL; .112 mol; 1.0 eq) in 600 mL of anhydrous DCM containing 27 g of 4A molecular sieve. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 h. then it was lowered to -78°C. The 3 following reagents were sequentially added with 5 min. in between each addition: TFA (9.08 mL; .118 mmol; 1.05 eq) , boron trifluoride etherate (14.93 mL; .118 mol; 1.05 eq) and, for example, cyclopentadiene (16.37 mL; .146 mol; 1.3 eq) . The reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 5 h before it was allowed to warm to rt. The molecular sieves were separated and the reaction mixture was carefully washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (250 mL) , brine (250 mL) , and dried with magnesium sulfate. Concentration and purification by flash chromatography (Hexanes: EtOAc :TEA (89:10:1) afforded (in order of elution) 2.3 g (7.%) of minor endo-isomer and 23.5 g (78%) of the major exo-isomer 1. The compound was characterized using NMR.
Example 2 Ethyl (1S,3S,4R) -2-azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-3-carboxylate (2) (example for o = 1, = 0; each R20 = H) The aza Diels-Alder adduct 1 (23.5 g; 0.086 mol) was dissolved in 200 mL of absolute ethanol, and, for example, Pd-C 10% (600 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt under hydrogen (55 psi) for 16 h. Filtration through a pad of celite (or nylon/carbon filter combination) and concentration yielded 14.2 g of 2 (97%) as a pale yellow oil which was used directly for the next step. The compound was characterized using NMR.
Example 3 (1S,3S,4R) -2-Benzoylazabicyclo[2.2.1] heptane-3-carboxylic acid 3_ (example for o = 1, = 0, each R20 = H) Amino ester 2 (3.45 g; 0.0204 mol; 1.0 eq) was added a mixture of, for example, IN NaOH (71 mL; .143 mol; 3.5 eq) and 71 mL of water and stirred at rt for 4 h (TLC monitoring w/ mixture of EtOAc and 5% TEA) . When the saponification is complete, 100 mL of acetone was added and the temperature was lowered to 0°C. Benzyl chloroformate (3.5 mL; 0.0244 mol; 1.2 eq) in 40 mL of acetone was slowly added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at rt for 16 h with maintaining the pH to roughly 9 to 10 with IN NaOH. The acetone was removed and 200 mL of water was added. The aqueous phase was washed with ether (3X 200 mL) and the aqueous phase acidified to pH 2-3 with 2N HCI. Extraction of the product with (3X 250 mL) of EtOAc, drying (Na2S04) and concentration in vacuo provided 3.85 g (70%) of amino acid 3_. The compound was used directly for the next step. The compound was characterized using NMR. Example 4 tert-Butyl (1S,3S,4R) -2-Benzoylazabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-3- carboxylate (4)_ (example for o = 1, = 0, each R20 = H) In a sealed tube, 140 μL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added to a solution of acid 3_ (3.86g; 0.014 mol) in 30 mL of DCM. The solution was brought to -20°C and saturated with isobutylene, causing a volume increase of 14 mL. After 70 h at rt, the cap was remove to release the pressure and the solution was added to 25 mL of water containing sodium carbonate sufficient to neutralize all acid. The compound 4_ was used directly for the next step without further purification. The compound was characterized using NMR.
Removal of the Cbz group with hydrogenation under 1 atm of hydrogen using Pd-C10% in ethanol gave, after 5 h, the desired aminoester intermediate in quantitative yield.
The crude compound was coupled to tert-butylglycine shown in the next step.
Example 5 tert-Butyl glycine coupling to product 5 (example for 0 = 1, m = 0, each R20 = H, R3 = t-Bu)
To a solution of Cbz-tert-butyl glycine (3.33 g; 0.0126 mol; 1.0 eq) in 20 mL of DCM at 0°C was added, for example, EDC (2.89 g; 0.015 mol; 1.2 eq) , HOBt (2.5 g; 0.0163 mol; 1.3 eq) and DIEA (6.57 mL; 0.038 mol; 3.0 eq) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 0°C for 15 min. after which, the above amino ester was slowly added in 10 mL of DCM. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. Concentrated to a residue that was redissolved in EtOAC. Successive washes with 0.5N HCL, satd' aqueous NaHC03 and brine gave after drying (Na2S04) and concentration in vacuo the desired product which was subjected to flash chromatography (20% EtOAc/ 80% hexanes) to provide pure 5. The compound was characterized using NMR. The rest of the synthesis was done using standard amino acid coupling which were reported in previous patent . Example 6
Ethyl (lS,3S,4R)-2- [ (IR) -1-phenylethyl] -2- azabicyclo [2.2.2] oσt-5-ene-3-carboxylate (1) (example for o = 1, m = 0; each R20 = H) see Scheme 2
The preparation of the azabicyclo [2.2.2] oct-5-ene was achieved using the same experimental as above with the procedural change that 1, 3-cyclohexadiene was used instead of cyclopentadiene. The rest of the synthesis was done using standard amino acid coupling which have been reported. Example 7
Cells containing hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon were maintained in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.25 mg per ml of G418, with appropriate supplements (media A) . On day 1, replicon cell monolayer was treated with a trypsin:EDTA mixture, removed, and then dilutedh media A into a final concentration of 100,000 cells per ml wit. 10,000 cells in 100 ul are plated into each well of a 96-well tissue culture plate, and culture overnight in a tissue culture incubator at 37°C. On day 2, compounds (in 100% DMSO) were serially diluted into DMEM containing 2% FBS, 0.5% DMSO, with appropriate supplements (media B) . The final concentration of DMSO was maintained at 0.5% throughout the dilution series.
The media on the replicon cell monolayer was removed, and then media B containing various concentrations of compounds was added. Media B without any compound was added to other wells as no compound controls.
Cells were incubated with compound or 0.5% DMSO in media B for 48 hours in a tissue culture incubator at 37°C. At the end of the 48-hour incubation, the media was removed, and the replicon cell monolayer was washed once with PBS and stored at -80°C prior to RNA extraction.
Culture plates with treated replicon cell monolayers were thawed, and a fixed amount of another RNA virus, such as Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) was added to cells in each well . RNA extraction reagents (such as reagents from RNeasy kits) were added to the cells immediately to avoid degradation of RNA. Total RNA was extracted according the instruction of manufacturer with modification to improve extraction efficiency and consistency. Finally, total cellular RNA, including HCV replicon RNA, was eluted and stored at -80°C until further processing. A Taqman real-time RT-PCR quantification assay was set up with two sets of specific primers and probe. One was for HCV and the other was for BVDV. Total RNA extractants from treated HCV replicon cells were added to the PCR reactions for quantification of both HCV and BVDV RNA in the same PCR well . Experimental failure was flagged and rejected based on the level of BVDV RNA in each well. The level of HCV RNA in each well was calculated according to a standard curve that is run in the same PCR plate. The percentage of inhibition or decrease of HCV RNA level due to compound treatment was calculated using the DMSO or no compound control as 0% of inhibition. The IC50 (concentration at which 50% inhibition of HCV RNA level is observed) was calculated from the titration curve of any given compound.
The IC50 values inhibitory activity of some of the compounds of the present invention is shown in Table 1 above.
Example 8
The Ki determinations were performed as follows. The Ki values for some compounds of the present invention are recited above in Table 1. HPLC Microbore method for separation of 5AB substrate and products Substrate
NH2-Glu-Asρ-Val-Val- (alpha)Abu-Cys-Ser-Met-Ser-Tyr-COOH
Stock solution of 20 mM 5AB was made in DMSO w/ 0.2M DTT.
This was stored in aliquots at -20 C. Buffer: 50 M HEPES, pH 7.8; 20% glycerol; 100 mM NaCl
Total assay volume was 200 μL
Figure imgf000066_0001
Figure imgf000067_0001
The buffer was combined with KK4A, DTT, and tNS3 ; 177 μL of this solution was distributed each into wells of 96 well plate and incubated at 30 °C for -5-10 min. 3 μL of appropriate concentration of test compound dissolved in DMSO (DMSO only for control) was added to each well and incubate at 30 °C for 15 min.
Reaction was initiated by addition of 20 μL of 200 μM 5AB substrate (20 μM concentration is equivalent or slightly lower than the Km for 5AB) and incubated for 20 min at 30
°C. The reaction was terminated by addition of 50 μL of
10% TFA 200 μL aliquots were transferred to HPLC vials
The SMSY product was isolated from substrate and KK4A by the method which follows.
Microbore separation method
Instrumentation:
Hewlett Packard 1100
Degasser G1322A Binary pump G1312A
Autosampler G1313A
Column themostated chamber G1316A
Diode array detector G1315A
Column: Phenomenex Jupiter; 5 micron C18; 300 angstroms; 150x2 mm; P/O 00F-4053-B0 Column thermostat: 40 °C Injection volume: 100 μL Solvent A = HPLC grade water + 0.1% TFA Solvent B = HPLC grade acetonitrile + 0.1% TFA
Figure imgf000068_0001
Stop time: 17 min Post-run time: 10 min

Claims

What is claimed is:
A compound of the formula (I)
Figure imgf000069_0001
(I) wherein:
A, together with X and the atoms to which X is bound, is a 4- to 7-membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring having up to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, NH, O, SO, or S02; wherein said ring is optionally fused to a (C6-C10) aryl, (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, (C3-
C10) cycloalkyl or (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl; wherein A has up to 3 substituents selected independently from J;
X is -[CHa.o-, -[CJ'J'lo-, -[CH2]m-0-, - [CH2] m-S (0) 2- , - [CH2]m-S0-, -[CH2]m-S-, -[CR20R2o]m-NR2ι-, or - [CR20R2o] m" NJ' '-, wherein:
R2ι is hydrogen or -C(0)-0-R22; o is 1 or 2;
R22 is -(C1-C6) alkyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl, or - (C2-C6) alkynyl; m is 0 or 1; J is halogen, -OR', -N02, -CF3, -OCF3, -R' , oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R')2, -SR', -SOR', -S02R' , -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R')2;
J' is halogen, -OR', -N02, -CF3, -OCF3, -R' , -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R')2, -SR' , -SOR', -S02R' , -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R')2;
J' ' is -OR', -CF3, -OCF3, -R' , oxo, -OR', -O-benzyl, -O-phenyl, 1, 2-methylenedioxy, -N(R')2, -SR' , -SOR', -S02R' , -C(0)R', -COOR', or -CON(R')2, wherein each R' is independently: hydrogen,
-(C1-C12) aliphatic,
- (C3-CIO) cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) aliphatic- [ (C3 -CIO) cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C6-C10)aryl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) heterocyclyl, - (C5-CIO) -heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) -aliphatic- (C5-C10) heteroaryl; Rx and R3 are independently: - (C1-C12) aliphatic,
- (C3 -CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) -aliphatic- [(C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or
-cycloalkenyl] ,
-(C6-C10) -aryl,
(C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3-C10) -heterocyclyl, - (C1-C12) liphatic- (C6-CIO) heterocyclyl,
- (C5-C10) heteroaryl, or - (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, wherein each of Rx and R3 is independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to 3 aliphatic carbon atoms in Ri and R3 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, NH, S, SO, and S02 in a chemically stable arrangement ; R2 and R4 are independently hydrogen,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C3-C10) cycloalkyl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, wherein each of R2 and R4 is independently and optionally substituted with up to 3 substituents independently selected from J; wherein up to two aliphatic carbon atoms in R2 and R4 may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, NH, S, SO, and S02;
R5 is - (C1-C12) aliphatic, wherein any hydrogen is optionally replaced with halogen, and wherein any hydrogen or halogen atom bound to any terminal carbon atom of R5 is optionally substituted with sulfhydryl or hydroxy;
W is: -C(0)OH;
Figure imgf000071_0001
wherein each R6 is independently: hydrogen, - (C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C6 -C10 ) aryl ,
- (C6-C10) aryl- (C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C3 -CIO) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) -aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl,
- (C3-C10) heterocyclyl- (C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-C10) heteroaryl, or two R6 groups, which are bound to the same nitrogen atom, form together with that nitrogen atom, a - (C3-C10)heterocyclic ring; wherein R6 is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents or with a suitable electron withdrawing group;
V is -C(0)N(R8)-, -S(0)N(R8)-, -S(0)2N(R8) -, a bond, -CH(R8)-, -N(R8)-, -0-, -0-CH(R8)-, -S-, -S-CH(R8), -C(O)- -C(0)-0-, -C(0)-S-, -C(0)-CHR8-, -S(O)-, -S (O) -CH (R8) , -S(0)-N(R8)-CHR8, -S(0)2-, -S-(0)2-CH(R8)-, or -S (O) 2-N (R8) CHR8; wherein R8 is hydrogen or - (C1-C12) aliphatic; T is:
- (C6-C10)aryl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl, - (C5-C10) heteroaryl, or
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl ; or T is:
Figure imgf000073_0001
Figure imgf000073_0002
wherein :
Figure imgf000073_0003
hydrogen,
-(C1-C12) aliphatic, - (C6-C10)aryl,
- (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C12) aliphatic- [ (C3-C10) -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl] ,
- (C3-CIO) heterocyclyl, - (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C3-CIO) heterocyclyl, - (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, or - (C1-C12) aliphatic- (C5-C10) heteroaryl, wherein each T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents;
K is a bond, - (C1-C12) aliphatic, -0-, -S-, -NR9-, -C(O)-, or -C(0)-NR9-, wherein R9 is hydrogen or - (C1- C12) aliphatic; n is 1-3; and each R2o is independently hydrogen, - (C1-C6) aliphatic or -O- ( (C1-C6) aliphatic) ; or each R20 is taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound to form a (C3-C6) cycloalkyl.
2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) :
Figure imgf000074_0001
wherein the variables are as defined above .
3. The compound according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein:
X is -[CH2]0-, -[CH2]m-0-, -[CH2]m-S(0)2, or -[CR20R20], NR2ι; wherein: R21 is hydrogen or -C (0) -0-R22 ; o is 1 or 2 ;
R22 is -(C1-C6) alkyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl, or - (C2-C6) alkynyl; m is 0 or 1;
R5 is - (C2-C7) alkyl optionally substituted with halogen; each R2o is independently hydrogen, - (C1-C6) alkyl or -O- ( (C1-C6) alkyl) ; or each R0 is taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound to form a (C3- C6) cycloalkyl ;
R3 and Ri are independently - (C1-C10) alkyl, - (C3-C7) cycloalkyl, or -( (C1-C6) alkyl) -( (C3- C7) cycloalkyl) ; V is a bond, -CH(R8)-, -N(R8)-, -0-, -0-CH(R8), -S-, -S-CH(R8), -C(O)-, -C(0)-0-, -C(0)-S-, -C(0)-CHR8-, -C(0)N(R8)-, -S(O)-, -S(0)-CH(R8)-, -S(0)N(R8)-, -S(0)-N(R8)-CHR8, -S(0)2, -S-(0)2-CH(R8)~, -S (O) 2N (R8) - , or -S(0)2-N(R8)-CHR8; wherein R8 is hydrogen or - (C1-C3) alkyl;
T is - (C6-C10)aryl, - (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, - (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, - (C3-CIO) heterocyclyl, - (C1-C6) alkyl- (Cδ-ClO)aryl, - (C1-C6) alkyl- (C5-C10) heteroaryl, - (C1-C6) alkyl- (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, - (C1-C6) alkyl- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl- (C6-C10) aryl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl- (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, - (C2-C6) alkenyl- (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl,
Figure imgf000076_0001
Figure imgf000076_0002
wherein :
R10 is - (C1-C4) alkyl; and
W is -C(0)OH or -C (O) -C (O) -R6, wherein: R6 is - (C1-C6) alkyl, - (C6-C10) aryl, - (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, - (C5-C10) heteroaryl, - (C3-CIO) eterocyclyl, or
W is -C(O) -C(0)NR6R6, wherein:
NR6R6 is -NH- ( (C1-C6) alkyl) , -NH- ( (C3-C6) cycloalkyl) , -NH-CH (CH3) -aryl, -NH-CH (CH3)- (C5-CIO) heteroaryl or -NH-CH (CH3) - (C3 -CIO) heterocyclyl, wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with a suitable electron withdrawing group.
4. The compound according to claim 3, wherein
V is -NH-
5. The compound according to claim 3, wherein
V is -C(O)
6. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein T is a - (C5-C10) heteroaryl .
7. The compound according to claim 6 , wherein r IS :
Figure imgf000077_0001
8. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein
Ri is -CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3, -C(CH3)3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH (CH3) -CH2-CH3, or cyclohexyl .
9. The compound according to claim 8 , wherein Rx is cyclohexyl.
10. The compound according to claim 3, wherein R3 is -C(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3) -CH2-CH3, or cyclohexyl.
11. The compound according to claim 10, wherein R3 is -C(CH3)3 or -CH(CH3)2.
12. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein each R2o is independently -CH3 or hydrogen.
13. The compound according to claim 12, wherein each R20 is hydrogen.
14. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein R5 is -CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2F, -CH2CH2CHF2, or
-CHCH2CF3.
15. The compound according to claim 14, wherein R5 is -CH2CH2CH2CH3 or -CH2CH2CHF2.
16. The compound according to claim 15, wherein R5 is -CH2CHCH2CH3.
17. The compound according to claim 3, wherein W is C(O) -C(O) -R6.
18. The compound according to claim 3, wherein W is C(O) -C(0)NR6R6 and NR6R6 is -NH- (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, -NH-CH (CH3) - (C6-C10)aryl, -NH-CH (CH3) - (C3-
C10) heterocyclyl, or -NH-CH (CH3) - (C5-CIO) heteroaryl, wherein said aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with halogen.
19. The compound according to claim 18, wherein NR6R6 is:
Figure imgf000078_0001
20 . The compound according to claim 19 , wherein NR6R6 is :
-NH-
21. The compound according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein T contains at least one hydrogen bond donor moiety selected from -NH2, -NH- , -OH, and -SH.
22. The compound according to claim 21, wherein T is:
Figure imgf000079_0001
Figure imgf000079_0002
Figure imgf000079_0003
Figure imgf000079_0004
Figure imgf000080_0001
Figure imgf000080_0002
Figure imgf000080_0003
Figure imgf000080_0004
Figure imgf000081_0001
wherein :
T is optionally substituted with up to 3 J substituents, wherein J is as defined in claim 1;
Z is independently O, S, NRι0, or C(Rι0)2; n is independently 1 or 2 ; and
^^ is independently a single bond or a double bond.
23. The compound according to claim 22, wherein T is :
Figure imgf000082_0001
24 The compound according to claim 23, wherein T is
Figure imgf000082_0002
25. The compound according to claim 21, wherein T is :
Figure imgf000083_0001
26. The compound according to claim 25, wherein T is:
Figure imgf000084_0001
27. The compound according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein Rx is:
Figure imgf000084_0002
28 . The compound according to claim 27 , wherein Ri is :
Figure imgf000084_0003
29. The compound according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R3 is:
Figure imgf000085_0001
30. The compound according to claim 29, wherein R3 is :
Figure imgf000085_0002
31. The compound according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R5 is:
Figure imgf000085_0003
32 . The compound according to claim 31 , wherein R5 is :
Figure imgf000085_0004
33. The compound according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R2 and R are each independently H, methyl, ethyl, or propyl.
34. The compound according to claim 33, wherein R2 and R4 are each H.
35. The compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein X is -[CH2]0-, - [CJ'J' ] 0-, -[CH2]m-0-, -[CH2]m-
S ( 0) 2- , - [CH2] m- SO- , - [CR20R20] m-NR2ι- , or - [CR20R20] m-NJ ' ' - .
36. A composition comprising a compound according to any one of claims 1-35 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, derivative or prodrug thereof in an amount effective to inhibit a serine protease; and a acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle.
37. The composition according to claim 36, wherein said composition is formulated for administration to a patient.
38. The composition according to claim 37, wherein said composition comprises an additional agent selected from an immunornodulatory agent; an antiviral agent; a second inhibitor of HCV protease; an inhibitor of another target in the HCV life cycle; or combinations thereof .
39. The composition according to claim 38, wherein said immunornodulatory agent is α—, β-, or γ- interferon; the antiviral agent is ribavarin or amantadine; or the inhibitor of another target in the HCV life cycle is an inhibitor of HCV helicase, polymerase, or metalloprotease.
40. A method of inhibiting the activity of a serine protease comprising the step of contacting said serine protease with a compound according to any one of claims 1-35.
41. The method according to claim 40, wherein said protease is an HCV NS3 protease.
42. A method of treating an HCV infection in a patient comprising the step of administering to said patient a composition according to claim 37 or claim 38.
43. The method according to claim 42, comprising the additional step of administering to said patient an additional agent selected from an immunomodulatory agent; an antiviral agent; a second inhibitor of HCV protease; an inhibitor of another target in the HCV life cycle; or combinations thereof; wherein said additional agent is administered to said patient as part of said composition according to claim 37 or as a separate dosage form.
44. The method according to claim 43, wherein said immunomodulatory agent is -, β-, or γ-interferon; said antiviral agent is ribavarin or amantadine; or said inhibitor of another target in the HCV life cycle is an inhibitor of HCV helicase, polymerase, or metalloprotease .
45. A method of eliminating or reducing HCV contamination of a biological sample or medical or laboratory equipment, comprising the step of contacting said biological sample or medical or laboratory equipment with a composition according to claim 36.
46. The method according to claim 45, wherein said sample or equipment is selected from blood, body fluids other than blood, biological tissue, a surgical instrument, a surgical garment, a laboratory instrument, a laboratory garment, a blood or other bodily fluid collection apparatus; a blood or other bodily fluid storage material .
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