WO2003004011A1 - Calcium l-threonate for preventing or treating bone facture - Google Patents
Calcium l-threonate for preventing or treating bone facture Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003004011A1 WO2003004011A1 PCT/CN2002/000468 CN0200468W WO03004011A1 WO 2003004011 A1 WO2003004011 A1 WO 2003004011A1 CN 0200468 W CN0200468 W CN 0200468W WO 03004011 A1 WO03004011 A1 WO 03004011A1
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- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- threonate
- fracture
- bone
- bone fracture
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- ZJXGOFZGZFVRHK-BALCVSAKSA-L calcium;(2r,3s)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O ZJXGOFZGZFVRHK-BALCVSAKSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 title description 23
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 calcium L-threonate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 206010049514 Traumatic fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010034156 Pathological fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000005250 Spontaneous Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000963 osteoblast Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 35
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- 108010022452 Collagen Type I Proteins 0.000 description 8
- NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
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- 235000013927 calcium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alizarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- NKLPQNGYXWVELD-UHFFFAOYSA-M coomassie brilliant blue Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 NKLPQNGYXWVELD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Substances [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/191—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. gluconic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
Definitions
- the present invention relates to calcium L-threonate compound for preventing or treating bone fracture, in particular relates to calcium L-threonate compound for preventing or treating traumatic fracture or pathological fracture, and a composition comprising the same and use of the same.
- Bone fracture is a disruption of structure continuity of a bone, and it is a common surgical disease. Bone fracture can be classified into traumatic fracture and pathological fracture. Traumatic fracture is caused by external force, and pathological fracture is due to the pathological change of bone itself, such as senile osteoporosis, along with a certain degree of external force on the bone.
- Inflammation phase is an immediate response following bone fracture. At that time, a hematoma occurs at fracture site and the adjacent tissues, and an acute inflammation response occurs immediately, which is manifested by blood vessels dilating, and the effusing of plasma and leukocytes.
- Soft callus phase is a period from the disappearance of swelling and pain to the connection of fibers or cartilage tissue at the fracture site, during which hematoma is organized, osteoclasts remove residual necrotic bone, intramembranous ossification begins to form. Its characteristic is that blood vessels increase greatly, capillary vessels grow into callus, and cells are very abundant.
- Hard callus phase is a period from the adhesion of soft callus at the fracture site to the formation of new bone. This phase corresponds to the period of bone fracture healing in clinic or X-ray representation. It generally takes three to four months, during which callus changes to fibrous bone from f ⁇ brocartilage tissue, membranous bone forms between the fracture sites. Remolding phase is a process when the fracture sites are connected by newly bora bones and gradually adapt to new functions.
- Bone fracture healing is a very unique process of tissue repair program. It is different from the repair of other tissues, since the result of other tissue repair is cicatrization, whereas bone repair is not by cicatrization but by regeneration of bone. Therefore the proliferation of osteoblasts plays a crucial role in bone fracture healing.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing or treating bone fracture, which comprises administering an effective amount of calcium L-threonate to a subject suffering from bone fracture.
- the present inventor studied the stimulation effects of calcium L-threonate on proliferation, differentiation of osteoblasts and bone formation, as well as the effects of calcium L-threonate on promoting synthesis of collagen I. The result is astonishing that calcium L-threonate can not only facilitate the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts, but also can enhance niRNA expression of collagen I in osteoblasts cultured in vitro.
- calcium L-threonate can increase bone density and mechanical property, so as to prevent bone fracture, especially pathological fracture, such as the fracture caused by senile osteoporosis.
- the present invention relates to a method for treating bone fracture, which comprises administering an effective amount of calcium L-threonate to a subject suffering from bone fracture.
- bone fracture includes but is not limited to traumatic fracture and pathological fracture.
- the present invention also includes a method for preventing bone fracture, preferably traumatic fracture and pathological fracture, more preferably traumatic fracture, which comprises administering an effective amount of calcium L- threonate to a subject suffering from bone fracture.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating bone fracture, comprising an effective amount of calcium L-threonate.
- the present invention further includes the use of calcium L-threonate in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing bone fracture.
- the present invention still relates to calcium L-threonate usable for preventing or treating bone fracture.
- the present invention still includes use of calcium L-threonate for preventing or treating bone fracture.
- the calcium L-threonate of the present invention is white powder, scarcely with odor, it is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform and has a formula C 8 H 14 O 10 Ca and a chemical structural formula represented by:
- the compound can be prepared by: a certain amount of L-ascorbic acid (Vc) was added to water and dissolved, then calcium carbonate was slowly added into the mixture with stirring. To the above mixture, hydrogen peroxide was added dropwise at a temperature between 10°C and 60°C and maintained the temperature for 1-4 hours at 40-80°C. After active charcoal being added, the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated at a temperature between 30°C and 90°C and crystallized at ambient temperature. The crystal was dried at a temperature of 50-100°C.
- the addition of calcium carbonate must be carried out very slowly to avoid that the content rushed out of the container due to the dash of the produced carbon dioxide gas.
- the above process of preparing calcium L-threonate may further comprise the operation of washing the cake obtained by filtering the mixture that had been treated with active charcoal, twice with hot water of 80°C and the operation of concentrating the combined washes and filtrate.
- the calcium L-threonate of the present invention may be administered orally.
- the calcium L-threonate of the present invention may be used in various forms of formulations, such as tablets, capsules and other forms of pharmaceutically acceptable compositions.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention contains a certain amount of calcium L-threonate as an active ingredient, along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which can be various carriers that have been widely used in medicaments in the prior art such as excipients.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared by the methods known in the art, such as mixing, pelleting and tabletting.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may also contain other optional ingredients that can be used in pharmacology, such as perfumes, colorants and sweetening agents, etc..
- the preferred pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains 60%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% by weight of calcium L-threonate with other excipients and optional components as make-ups.
- the dosage of calcium L-threonate may vary depending on the age of patients. As guidance, the dosage of calcium L-threonate for an adult is typically between 0.5 g and 12 g per day, preferably between 3 g and 7 g per day. For children, the dosage may be decreased according to their weights
- the present test studied the effect of calcium L-threonate on stimulation of bone formation function of osteoblast by using the method of culturing osteoblasts in vitro.
- the calvaria of newborn SD rat were excised, and osteoblasts were isolated and seeded at a cell concentration of lxlOVml in the culture medium containing 10wt% of NCS-MEM.
- the second generation of secondary cells were tested for pharmacodynamics.
- the calvaria were predigested by 0.25% trypsin for 10-15 minutes firstly, then oscillated and digested by 0.1% collagenase II at 37 ° C for 60 minutes. The cells were collected by centrifugation at 1000 rpm.
- Cell culture The isolated cells were inoculated into culture flask at a concentration of lxlO 4 /cm 2 , wherein the culture solution is 10%o of NCS-MEM.
- the cells were cultured in an incubator with 5% C0 2 at 37 ° C , then passaged until half confluence.
- the second generation of secondary cells (OB 2 ) were tested for pharmacodynamics.
- OB 2 were inoculated into 24 well COSTOR culture plate at a density of 6x10 3 per well. 24 hours later, the above culture solution was replaced by culture solution containing varying concentrations of medicines ranging from 10 "9 to 10 "3 mol/L. 72 hours after adding medicines, the cells were tested through Labsystems Multiskan MS (Finland) )ELISA analyzer by MTT method. OD value at 570 nm was used to reflect cell proliferation. The result was compared with that of control group.
- OB 2 was inoculated into 24 well COSTOR culture plate at a density of 2x10 4 per well. 24 hours later, the above culture solution was replaced by medium containing medicines. Then the culture solution was changed every 48 hours until confluence of cells was reached. ALP activity of cell lysates was measured by para-nitrobenzene phosphate method. Content of protein in cell lysates was measured by Coomassie brilliant blue method. ALP acitivity was represented by U/mg of protein and the result was compared with that of control group.
- Tables 1-3 list the results of the test that medicines have influences on cell proliferation.
- n 4, in comparison with control group: * P ⁇ 0.05, ** P ⁇ 0.01, *** P ⁇ 0.001 in comparison with calcium L-threonate group of the same concentration: & P ⁇ 0.05, # P ⁇ 0.01
- n 4, in comparison with control group: *P ⁇ 0.05, **P ⁇ 0.01, ***P ⁇ 0.001 in comparison with calcium L-threonate group of the same concentration: & P ⁇ 0.05, # P ⁇ 0.01
- n 4, in comparison with control group: *P ⁇ 0.05, **P ⁇ 0.01 in comparison with calcium L-threonate group of the same concentration:
- ALP activity of OB 2 in calcium L-threonate group was higher than that of control group, among which the increase in test I and test II was significant (P ⁇ 0.05).
- the ALP activity of OB 2 in calcium L-threonate group was increased, however the increase was not significant.
- n 4, in comparison with control group: *P ⁇ 0.05; in comparison with calcium L-threonate group: & P ⁇ 0.05.
- Table 5 the number of mineralization nodules formed by osteoblasts within two weeks in calcium L-threonate group was the largest, and the increase was significant (PO.05).
- Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells. During bone remolding process, osteoblasts proliferated and differentiated, synthesized and secreted collagen or non-collagen protein which were related with bone formation, thus producing osteoid and promoting mineralization of osteoid.
- the newly formed bones repaired bone lacuna that was caused by resorbing of osteoclasts. Decline of osteoblast function causes the amount of newly formed bone to decrease, and its ability of repairing bone lacuna attenuates. As a result, bone trabecula becomes thin, weak and perforated, and cortical bone shows porous change.
- proliferation rate, ALP activity and mineralization nodules were often used as indexes. These indexes represented the ability of proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast respectively. Therefore, these indexes could comprehensively evaluate the stimulation of medicines on the bone formation function of osteoblasts.
- RNA was extracted with TRIzol reagent (Gibco Co.) method. Two bands at 18s and 28s were visualized in formaldehyde denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis. The concentration and purity of the RNA were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer (the value of A260/A280 falls between 1.7 and 2.0).
- RT-PCR Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- Each test medicine was formulated at the concentration of 0.1 mol/L, and sterilized by high pressure for later use.
- Calcium L-threonate provided by Beijing Juneng Asia Pacific Research Center of Life Science, 1.55 g was dissolved in 50 ml deionized water by heating. Calcium gluconate, Shanghai Huanghai Pharmaceutical Factory, 2.24 g was dissolved in 50 ml deionized water.
- osteoblasts synthesized a large amount of procollagen I in cytoplasm, which was secreted into matrix, which constituted the main component of bone-collagen, thereby promoting the healing of bone fracture.
- the content of bone mass was also an important factor that determined bone strength.
- the determination of degradation fragments of collagen I was usually used as one of the indexes to reflect bone-forming function. Therefore it showed that calcium L- threonate was very important in preventing or treating bone fracture.
- Quantitative RT-PCR method used in the present study to detect the level of ⁇ -COLI mRNA could reflect the gene expression in OB more accurately than detection of ⁇ - COLI protein molecule.
- calcium L-threonate could not only promote proliferation, differentiation and mineralization functions of osteoblast, but also could promote the expression of mRNA procollagen I in osteoblasts cultured in vitro. By these functions, calcium L-threonate could facilitate bone fracture healing, and could increase bone density and mechanical performance as well, so as to prevent bone fracture, especially pathological fracture (such as caused by senile osteoporosis).
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to calcium L-threonate compound for preventing or treating bone fracture, a composition comprising the same and use of the same. It had been found from experiments that calcium L-threonate could not only promote proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast, but also could promote the expression of collager I mRNA of osteoblast cultured in vitro. Accordingly it facilitated bone fracture healing, increased bone density and mechanical performance, so as to prevent or treat bone fracture.
Description
CALCIUM L-THREONATE FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING BONE FRACTURE
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to calcium L-threonate compound for preventing or treating bone fracture, in particular relates to calcium L-threonate compound for preventing or treating traumatic fracture or pathological fracture, and a composition comprising the same and use of the same.
Background of the Invention
Bone fracture is a disruption of structure continuity of a bone, and it is a common surgical disease. Bone fracture can be classified into traumatic fracture and pathological fracture. Traumatic fracture is caused by external force, and pathological fracture is due to the pathological change of bone itself, such as senile osteoporosis, along with a certain degree of external force on the bone.
Traditionally, bone fracture healing is classified into four phases: 1) inflammation, 2) soft callus, 3) hard callus and 4) remodeling. Inflammation phase is an immediate response following bone fracture. At that time, a hematoma occurs at fracture site and the adjacent tissues, and an acute inflammation response occurs immediately, which is manifested by blood vessels dilating, and the effusing of plasma and leukocytes. Soft callus phase is a period from the disappearance of swelling and pain to the connection of fibers or cartilage tissue at the fracture site, during which hematoma is organized, osteoclasts remove residual necrotic bone, intramembranous ossification begins to form. Its characteristic is that blood vessels increase greatly, capillary vessels grow into callus, and cells are very abundant. Hard callus phase is a period from the adhesion of soft callus at the fracture site to the formation of new bone. This phase corresponds to the period of bone fracture healing in clinic or X-ray representation. It generally takes three to four months, during which callus changes to fibrous bone from fϊbrocartilage tissue, membranous bone forms between the fracture sites. Remolding phase is a process when the fracture sites are connected by newly bora bones and gradually
adapt to new functions.
Bone fracture healing is a very unique process of tissue repair program. It is different from the repair of other tissues, since the result of other tissue repair is cicatrization, whereas bone repair is not by cicatrization but by regeneration of bone. Therefore the proliferation of osteoblasts plays a crucial role in bone fracture healing.
In addition, Lane classified bone fracture healing from the view point of biochemistry: 1) mesenchyma phase, when collagen I, II and III is synthesized; 2) cartilaginous phase, when collagen II is predominant; 3) cartilage and osteoid phase, when collagen I and II is predominant; 4) osteogenesis phase, when collagen I is predominant. Therefore, the synthesis of collagen plays a very important role in bone fracture healing.
Now it is generally believed that conventional calcium formulations have no significant effects on promoting bone fracture healing. In addition, other drugs that can significantly promote bone fracture healing are not found yet. The major treatment of bone fracture is still the combination of the following three traditional means: 1) restoration of bone fracture; 2) fixation; 3) functional exercise.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing or treating bone fracture, which comprises administering an effective amount of calcium L-threonate to a subject suffering from bone fracture.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating bone fracture, comprising an effective amount of calcium L-threonate. It is a further object of the present invention to provide the use of calcium L- threonate in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing bone fracture.
It is still an object of the present invention to provide calcium L-threonate usable for preventing or treating bone fracture. It is a further object of the present invention to provide use of calcium L- threonate for preventing or treating bone fracture.
In view of the above factors that facilitate bone fracture healing, the present inventor studied the stimulation effects of calcium L-threonate on proliferation, differentiation of osteoblasts and bone formation, as well as the effects of calcium L-threonate on promoting synthesis of collagen I. The result is astonishing that calcium L-threonate can not only facilitate the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts, but also can enhance niRNA expression of collagen I in osteoblasts cultured in vitro. By this means, it can promote bone fracture healing and treat bone fracture, whereby the inventor completed the present invention. Meanwhile, through the above-mentioned effects, calcium L-threonate can increase bone density and mechanical property, so as to prevent bone fracture, especially pathological fracture, such as the fracture caused by senile osteoporosis.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a method for treating bone fracture, which comprises administering an effective amount of calcium L-threonate to a subject suffering from bone fracture.
As used herein, the term "bone fracture" includes but is not limited to traumatic fracture and pathological fracture.
The present invention also includes a method for preventing bone fracture, preferably traumatic fracture and pathological fracture, more preferably traumatic fracture, which comprises administering an effective amount of calcium L- threonate to a subject suffering from bone fracture. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating bone fracture, comprising an effective amount of calcium L-threonate.
The present invention further includes the use of calcium L-threonate in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing bone fracture. The present invention still relates to calcium L-threonate usable for preventing or treating bone fracture.
The present invention still includes use of calcium L-threonate for preventing or treating bone fracture.
Detailed description of the invention
The calcium L-threonate of the present invention is white powder, scarcely with odor, it is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform and has a formula C8H14O10Ca and a chemical structural formula represented by:
The compound can be prepared by: a certain amount of L-ascorbic acid (Vc) was added to water and dissolved, then calcium carbonate was slowly added into the mixture with stirring. To the above mixture, hydrogen peroxide was added dropwise at a temperature between 10°C and 60°C and maintained the temperature for 1-4 hours at 40-80°C. After active charcoal being added, the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated at a temperature between 30°C and 90°C and crystallized at ambient temperature. The crystal was dried at a temperature of 50-100°C. In the above process of preparing calcium L-threonate, the addition of calcium carbonate must be carried out very slowly to avoid that the content rushed out of the container due to the dash of the produced carbon dioxide gas. The above process of preparing calcium L-threonate may further comprise the operation of washing the cake obtained by filtering the mixture that had been treated with active charcoal, twice with hot water of 80°C and the operation of concentrating the combined washes and filtrate.
The above process of preparing calcium L-threonate is advantageous for its reasonable procedure, simple operation, good yield as high as 90% and high purity of product. The preparation method of calcium L-threonate is described in US Patent No. 6,077,872, issued on June 20, 2000 to Kai Yu et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
Of course, the calcium L-threonate of the present invention may also be prepared by the other methods known in the prior art.
The calcium L-threonate of the present invention may be administered orally. The calcium L-threonate of the present invention may be used in various forms of formulations, such as tablets, capsules and other forms of pharmaceutically acceptable compositions.
The pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention contains a certain amount of calcium L-threonate as an active ingredient, along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which can be various carriers that have been widely used in medicaments in the prior art such as excipients. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared by the methods known in the art, such as mixing, pelleting and tabletting. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may also contain other optional ingredients that can be used in pharmacology, such as perfumes, colorants and sweetening agents, etc.. The preferred pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains 60%, preferably 80%, more preferably 90% by weight of calcium L-threonate with other excipients and optional components as make-ups. The dosage of calcium L-threonate may vary depending on the age of patients. As guidance, the dosage of calcium L-threonate for an adult is typically between 0.5 g and 12 g per day, preferably between 3 g and 7 g per day. For children, the dosage may be decreased according to their weights.
The experiments of pharmacokinetics of calcium L-threonate in animal bodies demonstrated that the absorption metabolism of calcium L-threonate in rat satisfied the One-Chamber model. The absorption of calcium L-threonate was relatively slower but more complete, the peak of serum calcium concentration arrived more late (Tmax =0.79 hrs), its half-life was longer (T1/2 =4.45 hrs) than those of other calcium agents such as calcium gluconate, calcium acetate, and calcium carbonate. Calcium L-threonate can stay in serum for a longer time at a higher level. The area under the curve (AUC) equals to 191.75 g/(ml.hr). The pharmacokinetic test of calcium L-threonate is described in US Patent No.
6,077,872, issued on June 20, 2000 to Kai Yu et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
In the present invention, we have studied the effects of calcium L-threonate on stimulation of proliferation, differentiation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro and bone formation. The details of this study are described in Experiment I hereinafter.
In the present invention, we have also studied the influence of calcium L- threonate on ALP activity of OB2. The details of this study are described in Experiment II hereinafter. The following experiments are intended to illustrate, but in no way limit the scope of the present invention.
Experiment I
Effects of calcium L-threonate on stimulation of proliferation, differentiation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro and bone formation
In order to provide cytologic basis of calcium L-threonate to facilitate osteoblast proliferation and increase bone mass, the present test studied the effect of calcium L-threonate on stimulation of bone formation function of osteoblast by using the method of culturing osteoblasts in vitro. The calvaria of newborn SD rat were excised, and osteoblasts were isolated and seeded at a cell concentration of lxlOVml in the culture medium containing 10wt% of NCS-MEM. The second generation of secondary cells were tested for pharmacodynamics. The results showed that calcium L-threonate with a concentration of 10"9-10"3 mol/L had the effects of promoting proliferation of osteoblast; that calcium L-threonate with a concentration of 10"3 mol/L had significant effects on stimulating cell activity and mineralization nodule formation and had certain effects on promoting alkaline phosphatase (referred to herein below as ALP) activity and mineralization nodule formation. Materials and methods 1) Sampling: after a newborn (within 24 hours) SD rat was disinfected, the calvaria were excised under sterilization conditions. The calvaria were
predigested by 0.25% trypsin for 10-15 minutes firstly, then oscillated and digested by 0.1% collagenase II at 37 °C for 60 minutes. The cells were collected by centrifugation at 1000 rpm.
2) Cell culture: The isolated cells were inoculated into culture flask at a concentration of lxlO4 /cm2, wherein the culture solution is 10%o of NCS-MEM.
The cells were cultured in an incubator with 5% C02 at 37 °C , then passaged until half confluence. The second generation of secondary cells (OB2) were tested for pharmacodynamics.
3) Medicines: Each test medicine was formulated at a concentration of 0.1 mol/L, and sterilized by high pressure for later use.
1.55 g of calcium L-threonate was dissolved in 50 ml of deionized water by heating. 2.24 g of calcium gluconate was dissolved in 50 ml of deionized water at room temperature. The control group was deionized water.
4) Observation index (1) Cell proliferation
OB2 were inoculated into 24 well COSTOR culture plate at a density of 6x103 per well. 24 hours later, the above culture solution was replaced by culture solution containing varying concentrations of medicines ranging from 10"9 to 10"3 mol/L. 72 hours after adding medicines, the cells were tested through Labsystems Multiskan MS (Finland) )ELISA analyzer by MTT method. OD value at 570 nm was used to reflect cell proliferation. The result was compared with that of control group.
(2) Determination of ALP activity
OB2 was inoculated into 24 well COSTOR culture plate at a density of 2x104 per well. 24 hours later, the above culture solution was replaced by medium containing medicines. Then the culture solution was changed every 48 hours until confluence of cells was reached. ALP activity of cell lysates was measured by para-nitrobenzene phosphate method. Content of protein in cell lysates was measured by Coomassie brilliant blue method. ALP acitivity was represented by U/mg of protein and the result was compared with that of control group.
(3) Determination of mineralization function
OB2 was inoculated into 6 well COSTOR culture plate at a density of 5x104 per well. 24 hours later, the above culture solution was replaced by culture solution containing medicines. Then the solution was changed every 48 hours. 14 days later, the cells were fixed and stained with alizarin red. Mineralization nodules were counted under light microscopy, and the results were compared with those of control group.
Results
1. Influence of calcium L-threonate on proliferation of OB2
Tables 1-3 list the results of the test that medicines have influences on cell proliferation.
Table 1 Influences of calcium L-threonate and other medicines on osteoblast, test I (unit of concentration: mol/L)
A570 (X ± SD)
Table 2 Influences of calcium L-threonate and other medicines on osteoblast, test II (unit of concentration: mol/L)
A570 (X ± SD)
Note: n=4, in comparison with control group: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 in comparison with calcium L-threonate group of the same concentration: &P<0.05, #P<0.01
Table 3 Influences of calcium L-threonate and other medicines on osteoblast, test III (unit of concentration: mol/L)
A570 (X ± SD)
Note: n=4, in comparison with control group: *P<0.05, **P<0.01 in comparison with calcium L-threonate group of the same concentration:
&P<0.05, *P<0.01, $P<0.001
The data in the Tables 1-3 showed that proliferation rates of OB2 in the 10~9-10";3 mol/L of calcium L-threonate groups in these three tests were all significantly higher than those of control groups, and the OD value of 10"3 mol/L of calcium L- threonate group was the highest. The OD values of OB2 in calcium L-threonate groups were significantly higher than those of calcium gluconate groups or those of calcium chloride groups. OD values of OB2 of calcium L-threonate groups in test I and test II were significantly higher than those of control groups. In test III, there were no significant differences observed, and OD values of OB2 of most calcium L-threonate groups had no significant differences compared with those of calcium gluconate groups and calcium chloride groups.
2. Influence of calcium L-threonate on ALP activity of OB2
Referring to the proliferation results of OB2, the test that medicines stimulated ALP activity of OB2 was conducted at a concentration of 10"3 mol/L of the medicines. The results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Influences of calcium L-threonate and other medicines on ALP activity of osteoblast
Note: n=4, in comparison with control group: *P<0.05, **P<0.01
At the same concentration, ALP activity of OB2 in calcium L-threonate group was higher than that of control group, among which the increase in test I and test II was significant (P<0.05). Compared with calcium gluconate group and calcium chloride group, the ALP activity of OB2 in calcium L-threonate group was increased, however the increase was not significant.
3. Influence of calcium L-threonate on stimulating mineralization function of OB2 (Table 5)
Table 5 Influences of calcium L-threonate and other medicines on mineralization function of osteoblasts
Conclusion:
Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells. During bone remolding process, osteoblasts proliferated and differentiated, synthesized and secreted collagen or non-collagen protein which were related with bone formation, thus producing osteoid and promoting mineralization of osteoid. The newly formed bones repaired bone lacuna that was caused by resorbing of osteoclasts. Decline of osteoblast function causes the amount of newly formed bone to decrease, and its ability of repairing bone lacuna attenuates. As a result, bone trabecula becomes thin, weak and perforated, and cortical bone shows porous change. In the pharmacodynamic evaluation of bone formation-promoting medicines on osteoblasts, proliferation rate, ALP activity and mineralization nodules were often used as indexes. These indexes represented the ability of proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast respectively. Therefore, these indexes could comprehensively evaluate the stimulation of medicines on the bone formation function of osteoblasts.
The above results showed that: 1) calcium L-threonate had significant stimulation effects on proliferation rate, ALP activity and mineralization nodules formation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro; 2) stimulation effects of calcium L-threonate on the proliferation rate, ALP activity and mineralization nodules formation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro were stronger than those of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride.
Experiment II Effect of calcium L-threonate on promoting the synthesis of bone collagen I This study discussed thoroughly the effect of calcium L-threonate on gene expression of collagen I (α-COLI) in osteoblasts cultured in vitro.
Materials and methods
1. Cell culture: The culture method of primary osteoblast was the same as that of the previous test. OB2 was inoculated at density of lxlO4 cells/cm2. In the next day after passage, calcium L-threonate and calcium gluconate with the same concentration (10"3mol/l) were added into different culture flasks respectively, and deionized water with the same volume was added into the control group. Culture medium was changed every 48 hours and the medicines were added. Total RNA of the cells was extracted one week later.
2. Extraction of RNA: The cells were digested with 0.25% trypsin, and were centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 5 min to collect cell pellets. Total RNA was extracted with TRIzol reagent (Gibco Co.) method. Two bands at 18s and 28s were visualized in formaldehyde denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis. The concentration and purity of the RNA were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer (the value of A260/A280 falls between 1.7 and 2.0).
3. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): Access RT-PCR System kit (Promega) was used in the test, following the directions of the kit. The RT-PCR of the reaction mixture was performed in PCR analyzer (Bio-Rad Inc.) at 48 °C for 45 min. Inactivate enzyme at 94 °C for 2 min, then 30 cycles of PCR reaction: 30 min at 94 °C for degeneration, 1 min at 54 °C for annealing, 2 min at 72 °C for extension, and after the last cycle, 7 min at 72 °C for another extension. 9μl PCR products were analyzed in 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Then the bands were analyzed by image analysis system (Image Master VDS). Optical density value was calibrated by internal reference-Actin, and the calibration values were analyzed statistically.
Table 6 Sequences of primers
4. Medicines: Each test medicine was formulated at the concentration of 0.1
mol/L, and sterilized by high pressure for later use.
Calcium L-threonate, provided by Beijing Juneng Asia Pacific Research Center of Life Science, 1.55 g was dissolved in 50 ml deionized water by heating. Calcium gluconate, Shanghai Huanghai Pharmaceutical Factory, 2.24 g was dissolved in 50 ml deionized water.
Results
The results were shown in Table 7 below. When testing mRNA expression of α- COLI in osteoblast by quantitative RT-PCR, we found that at the same concentration (10"3 mol/L) of medicines, the level of mRNA in calcium L- threonate group increased significantly compared with that of control group (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that calcium L-threonate could promote mRNA expression of α-COLI in osteoblast. There was no significant difference of the level of α-COLI mRNA between calcium gluconate group and control group. Table 7
Note: X ± SD, n=3, in comparison with control group: *P<0.05 Conclusion:
In the process of its proliferation, differentiation and maturation at bone fracture, osteoblasts synthesized a large amount of procollagen I in cytoplasm, which was secreted into matrix, which constituted the main component of bone-collagen, thereby promoting the healing of bone fracture. In addition, the content of bone mass was also an important factor that determined bone strength. The determination of degradation fragments of collagen I was usually used as one of the indexes to reflect bone-forming function. Therefore it showed that calcium L- threonate was very important in preventing or treating bone fracture. Quantitative RT-PCR method used in the present study to detect the level of α-COLI mRNA could reflect the gene expression in OB more accurately than detection of α-
COLI protein molecule.
It had been found in the past pharmacodynamics assays that calcium L-threonate could significantly increase bone density, content of bone calcium and biomechanical parameters of emasculated rat. Cell pharmacodynamics test demonstrated that calcium L-threonate could facilitate proliferation, differentiation and mineralization functions of OB. The present study found that calcium L-threonate up-regulated the level of α-COLI mRNA in OB cultured in vitro, which was correlative with the effect reflected by cell pharmacodynamics that it enhanced bone-forming function of osteoblast. It suggested that calcium L- threonate might enhance bone-forming function of OB by enhancing the expression of some genes in OB. It could be further confirmed by the detection of collagen level.
The above tests showed that, calcium L-threonate could not only promote proliferation, differentiation and mineralization functions of osteoblast, but also could promote the expression of mRNA procollagen I in osteoblasts cultured in vitro. By these functions, calcium L-threonate could facilitate bone fracture healing, and could increase bone density and mechanical performance as well, so as to prevent bone fracture, especially pathological fracture (such as caused by senile osteoporosis).
Claims
1. Calcium L-threonate compound for preventing or treating bone fracture.
2. The compound according to Claim 1, wherein the bone fracture is traumatic fracture or pathological fracture.
3. The compound according to Claim 1, wherein the bone fracture is traumatic fracture.
4. A pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of bone fracture, comprising an effective amount of calcium L-threonate of Claim 1 and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier.
5. The composition according to Claim 4, wherein the bone fracture is traumatic fracture or pathological fracture.
6. The composition according to Claim 5, wherein the bone fracture is traumatic fracture.
7. Use of the compound according to Claim 1 in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of bone fracture.
8. Use of Claim 7, wherein the bone fracture is traumatic fracture or pathological fracture.
9. Use of Claim 8, wherein the bone fracture is traumatic fracture.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003510022A JP2005519856A (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-02 | Calcium L-threonate for preventing or treating fractures |
| EP02748548A EP1443918B1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-02 | Calcium l-threonate for treating bone facture |
| DE02748548T DE02748548T1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-02 | CALCIUM-L-THREONATE FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING BONE FRACTURES |
| KR1020037016574A KR100737278B1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-02 | Method for treating bone fracture, comprising step of administering calcium l-threonate compound and calcium l-threonate compound for treating bone fracture |
| DE60223707T DE60223707T2 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-02 | CALCIUM-L-THREONATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF BONE FRACTURES |
| CA002471232A CA2471232A1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-02 | Calcium l-threonate for preventing or treating bone fracture |
| HK04106351A HK1063603A1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2004-08-25 | Calcium l-threonate for treating bone facture |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01119870.2 | 2001-07-03 | ||
| CNB011198702A CN1196480C (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2001-07-03 | Application of calcium L-threonate for curing fracture |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003004011A1 true WO2003004011A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2002/000468 WO2003004011A1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-02 | Calcium l-threonate for preventing or treating bone facture |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6727288B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1443918B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005519856A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100737278B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1196480C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2471232A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE02748548T1 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1063603A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003004011A1 (en) |
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| CN1197561C (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2005-04-20 | 北京巨能亚太生命科学研究中心 | Application of calcium L-threonate in treating cartilage related diseases |
| CN100367952C (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2008-02-13 | 戴向国 | Calcium L-Threonate and soy bean isoflavone containing combination |
| US20050244499A1 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-11-03 | Robert Diaz | Method and device for reducing susceptibility to fractures in long bones |
| US20050244451A1 (en) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-11-03 | Robert Diaz | Method and device for reducing susceptibility to fractures in vertebral bodies |
| EP1782805A4 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2007-08-08 | Godo Shusei Kk | Composition for accelerating calcium absorption |
| US20060089642A1 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-04-27 | Diaz Robert L | Prefracture spinal implant for osteoporotic unfractured bone |
| US20060223730A1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2006-10-05 | Hl Distribution Company | Calcium supplements |
| US8163301B2 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2012-04-24 | Magceutics, Inc. | Magnesium compositions and uses thereof for metabolic disorders |
| US8377473B2 (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2013-02-19 | Magceutics, Inc. | Slow release magnesium composition and uses thereof |
| RU2548776C2 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2015-04-20 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Парафарм" | Method and medication for acceleration of bone fracture consolidation |
| AU2015254267B2 (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2018-03-08 | Shimadzu Corporation | Method for assessing state of differentiation of cells |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1240647A (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-12 | 北京巨能亚太生命科学研究中心 | Use of calcium L-threonate in prevention and inhibition of osteoporosis and rickets |
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| JPH07126181A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1995-05-16 | Hoechst Japan Ltd | Preventive and therapeutic agent for fracture |
| US5656598A (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1997-08-12 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Use of fibroblast growth factors to stimulate bone growth |
| WO1996025165A1 (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-22 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Method of lessening the risk of non-vertebral bone fractures |
| CN1039571C (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1998-08-26 | 北京巨能经贸发展有限责任公司 | Calcium L-threonate for food additives and preparing process and use thereof |
| CN1053653C (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2000-06-21 | 北京巨能亚太生命科学研究中心 | Neo-L-threonic acid derivatives |
| CN1215592A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-05-05 | 马斐文 | Oral calcium L-threonate liquid |
| CN1074762C (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2001-11-14 | 北京巨能亚太生命科学研究中心 | Process for preparing chromium L-threonate, its preparing process and application |
| CN1133379C (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2004-01-07 | 北京巨能亚太生命科学研究中心 | Isotonic sports beverage and its preparing process |
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- 2001-12-31 US US10/039,194 patent/US6727288B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-07-02 WO PCT/CN2002/000468 patent/WO2003004011A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-02 JP JP2003510022A patent/JP2005519856A/en active Pending
- 2002-07-02 EP EP02748548A patent/EP1443918B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-02 DE DE02748548T patent/DE02748548T1/en active Pending
- 2002-07-02 KR KR1020037016574A patent/KR100737278B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-02 CA CA002471232A patent/CA2471232A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-02 DE DE60223707T patent/DE60223707T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1240647A (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-12 | 北京巨能亚太生命科学研究中心 | Use of calcium L-threonate in prevention and inhibition of osteoporosis and rickets |
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| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE EMBASE [online] RECKER R.R. ET AL.: "Prevention of osteoporosis: Calcium nutrition", XP002904903, Database accession no. 93099921 * |
| DRUG & PHARMACOLOGY, OSTEOPOROSIS-INT., vol. 3, no. SUPPL. 1, 1993, pages 163 - 165 * |
| See also references of EP1443918A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20040011541A (en) | 2004-02-05 |
| JP2005519856A (en) | 2005-07-07 |
| HK1063603A1 (en) | 2005-01-07 |
| CN1196480C (en) | 2005-04-13 |
| US6727288B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 |
| DE60223707T2 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
| KR100737278B1 (en) | 2007-07-09 |
| CA2471232A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
| DE60223707D1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
| EP1443918B1 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
| EP1443918A4 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
| US20020169210A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
| EP1443918A1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
| CN1328820A (en) | 2002-01-02 |
| DE02748548T1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
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