WO2003003842A1 - Method for treating an animal carcass or plant material - Google Patents
Method for treating an animal carcass or plant material Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003003842A1 WO2003003842A1 PCT/US2002/021234 US0221234W WO03003842A1 WO 2003003842 A1 WO2003003842 A1 WO 2003003842A1 US 0221234 W US0221234 W US 0221234W WO 03003842 A1 WO03003842 A1 WO 03003842A1
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- aqueous solution
- carcass
- alkali
- percent
- sodium
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/02—Preserving by means of inorganic salts
- A23B4/023—Preserving by means of inorganic salts by kitchen salt or mixtures thereof with inorganic or organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/02—Preserving by means of inorganic salts
- A23B4/027—Preserving by means of inorganic salts by inorganic salts other than kitchen salt, or mixtures thereof with organic compounds, e.g. biochemical compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/24—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/26—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/26—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Methods therefor
- A23B4/30—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Methods therefor by spraying of liquids
- A23B4/305—Apparatus for preserving using liquids ; Methods therefor by spraying of liquids with inorganic salts
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved method for treating animal carcasses to reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass or retard bacterial growth on the carcass.
- Animals such as, for example, poultry, red meat animals of all kinds, fish and crustaceans are killed and their carcasses are processed to produce food products for human consumption.
- the processing of such animals includes evisceration, which may contaminate the edible portion of the animal with unwanted bacteria, which may multiply depending upon the sanitary conditions employed in further processing steps. Bacterial contamination of the edible portions of the animal may cause spoilage of the edible portions and illness of consumers of the contaminated edible portions.
- Treatment processes which involve contacting animal carcasses with aqueous solutions containing alkali metal phosphates and which are effective in reducing bacterial contamination and/or retarding bacterial growth without substantial detriment to the organoleptic properties of the carcasses are known, see, e.g., US 5,283,073.
- these processes tend to introduce relatively high amounts of phosphate compounds into treatment waste streams, which may be undesirable from an environmental perspective.
- What is needed in the art is a method for treating animal carcasses which is effective in reducing bacterial contamination and/or retarding bacterial growth without substantial detriment to the organoleptic properties of the carcasses and which does not produce a waste stream containing a high amount of phosphate compounds.
- the present invention is directed to a method for treating animal carcass to reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass or retard bacterial growth on the carcass, comprising contacting the animal carcass with an aqueous solution comprising an effective amount of an alkali silicate.
- the present invention is directed to a method for treating animal carcass to reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass or retard bacterial growth on the carcass, comprising contacting the animal carcass with a substantially ethanol free aqueous solution comprising effective amounts of two or more of an alkali silicate, an alkali carbonate and an alkali hydroxide.
- the treatment method of the present invention allows simple and economical washing of animal carcasses to reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass and/or retard bacterial growth on the carcass, without substantial detriment to the organoleptic properties of the carcass and without generating a waste stream that contains a high amount of phosphates.
- the present invention is directed to a method for treating edible plant materials to reduce bacterial contamination of the edible plant materials or retard bacterial growth on the edible plant materials, comprising contacting an edible plant material selected from fruits and vegetables with an aqueous solution comprising effective amount of an alkali silicate.
- the treatment method of the present invention allows simple and economical washing of fruits and vegetables to reduce bacterial contamination of the fruits and vegetables or retard bacterial growth on the fruits and vegetables, without substantial detriment to the organoleptic properties of the fruits and vegetables and without generating a waste stream that contains a high amount of phosphates.
- Such treatment may extend the shelf life of the treated fruits and vegetables by providing improved control of microrganisms involved in spoilage of the fruits and vegetables.
- the treatment solution of the present invention is effective as a bacteriocide under the treatment conditions and killing bacteria is one mechanism by which the treatment of the present invention reduces bacterial contamination on the carcass.
- reduce bacterial contamination or retard bacterial growth refers generally to reducing bacterial contamination or retarding bacterial growth, as well as reducing bacterial contamination and retarding bacterial growth.
- animal carcass refers generally to the edible portion of any dead animal, including birds, fish, crustaceans, shellfish and mammals.
- Birds include for example, chickens, turkeys, geese, capon, game hens, pigeon, ducks, guinea fowl, pheasants, quail and partridges.
- Fish include, for example, catfish, trout, salmon, flounder, tuna, swordfish, and shark.
- Crustaceans include, for example, crayfish, shrimp, prawns, crabs and lobsters.
- Shellfish include clams, scallops, oysters and mussels.
- Mammals include cattle, pigs, sheep, lambs and goats.
- the animal carcass is eviscerated, that is, the internal organs of the animal are removed from the carcass, prior to treatment with the aqueous treatment solution according to the method of the present invention.
- An eviscerated carcass typically comprises bones, skeletal muscle and associated fascia.
- the skin is not removed from the eviscerated carcass of a fish or a bird prior to treatment with the aqueous treatment solution according to the method of the present invention.
- the skin is removed from the eviscerated carcass of a mammal prior to treatment with the aqueous treatment solution according to the method of the present invention.
- edible plant materials means plant materials selected from fruits and vegetables that are typically used as foods for humans. Suitable edible plant materials include, for example, lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, spinach, kale, chard, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, squash, beans, peppers, apples, oranges, pears, melons, peaches, grapes, plums and cherries.
- organoleptic means the sensory properties, including the appearance, texture, taste and smell, of food products made from the carcass.
- the bacterial contamination addressed by the method of the present invention includes pathogenic bacteria, such as, for example, salmonellae, such as Salmonella typhimurium, S. choleraesuis and S. enteriditis, as well as E. coli, camphylobacter and spoilage bacteria, such as, for example, Pseudomonus aeruginosa.
- pathogenic bacteria such as, for example, salmonellae, such as Salmonella typhimurium, S. choleraesuis and S. enteriditis, as well as E. coli, camphylobacter and spoilage bacteria, such as, for example, Pseudomonus aeruginosa.
- the alkali silicate exhibits a solubility of greater than 0.5 percent by weight (wt%) more preferably greater than 3 wt%, in water.
- M is sodium or potassium
- m is a number, wherein 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 3.5, indicating the number of mole(s) of the Si0 2 moiety per 1 mole of M 0 moiety
- n indicates the water content, expressed as wt% water, wherein 0% ⁇ n ⁇ 55%.
- Suitable alkali silicates include, for example, sodium disilicates, sodium metasilicates, potassium disilicates, and potassium metasilicates, and may be in anhydrous or hydrated form.
- the alkali silicate comprises one or more metasilicates, which are crystalline products, according to M 2 0-(Si0 2 ) -n' ⁇ O, wherein M is Na or K and n' is 0, 5, 6 or 9 and indicates the number of moles of water per Si0 2 moiety.
- the alkali silicate comprises one or more of anhydrous sodium metasilicate, anhydrous potassium metasilicate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, sodium metasilicate hexahydrate and sodium metasilicate nonahydrate. More preferably, the alkali silicate comprises one or more of anhydrous sodium metasilicate, anhydrous potassium metasilicate and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate. Even more preferably, the alkali silicate comprises one or more of anhydrous sodium metasilicate and anhydrous potassium metasilicate, and one or more of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and potassium metasilicate pentahydrate.
- the aqueous treatment solution comprises greater than or equal to 0.05 percent by weight (wt%) alkali silicate, more preferably from 0.1 wt% to saturation, still more preferably from 1 to 15 wt%, and even more preferably from 5 to 10 wt%, alkali silicate, wherein the ranges are calculated on the basis of the weight of the anhydrous alkali silicate.
- wt% percent by weight
- the concentrations of alkali silicates given herein are based on the weight of anhydrous alkali silicate.
- the aqueous treatment solution comprises from 0.1 to 8 wt%, more preferably from 1 to 6 wt% and even more preferably from 2 to 4 wt% alkali silicate.
- the aqueous solution comprises an amount of alkali silicate, typically from greater than 3 wt% to 6 wt%, more preferably from greater than 3 wt% to 5 wt% alkali silicate, effective to reduce bacterial contamination of the animal carcass.
- the method of the present invention is suitable as the primary step of a carcass processing line for reducing bacterial combination of the carcass below a target value.
- the aqueous solution comprises an amount of alkali silicate, typically from 0.5 wt% to 4 wt% alkali silicate more preferably from 0.5 to 3 wt% alkali silicate, that is effective to retard bacterial growth on the animal carcass, but that is not necessarily sufficient to kill bacteria or otherwise reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass.
- the less concentrated alkali silicate solution is used in combination with other treatments, such as, for example, treating the carcass with aqueous lactic acid solution, washing the carcass with hot water, e.g., at a temperature of from about 160°F to about 180°F, or cleaning the carcass with steam and vacuum, wherein the series of treatments are, in combination, effective to reduce bacterial contamination of the animal carcass below a target value.
- other treatments such as, for example, treating the carcass with aqueous lactic acid solution, washing the carcass with hot water, e.g., at a temperature of from about 160°F to about 180°F, or cleaning the carcass with steam and vacuum, wherein the series of treatments are, in combination, effective to reduce bacterial contamination of the animal carcass below a target value.
- the aqueous treatment solution consists essentially of a solution of alkali silicate in water. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the aqueous treatment solution consists of a solution of alkali silicate in water.
- water means tap water, that is, water as available onsite without requiring purification, that may contain minor amounts of components other than H 2 0.
- the treatment solution further comprises an alkali carbonate or alkali bicarbonate according to formula (2):
- M' is sodium or potassium
- a is 0 or 1
- n" is a number wherein 0 ⁇ n" ⁇ fully hydrated.
- Suitable alkali carbonates include sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and may be in anhydrous or hydrated form.
- Suitable alkali bicarbonates include sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate.
- the treatment solution comprises one or more of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
- the treatment solution comprises greater than or equal to 0.05 wt%, more preferably from 0.1 wt% to saturation, more preferably from 0.2 to 15 wt% and still more preferably from 0.4 to 10 wt% alkali carbonate.
- the aqueous treatment solution comprises from 0.2 to 5 wt%, and even more preferably from 0.4 to 1.0 wt%, alkali carbonate.
- the treatment solution further comprises an alkali hydroxide according to formula (3):
- M is sodium or potassium.
- Suitable alkali hydroxides include, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.
- the hydroxide comprises sodium hydroxide.
- the treatment solution comprises greater than or equal to 0.05 wt%, more preferably from 0.5 to 5 wt%, still more preferably from 0.1 to 2 wt%, and even more preferably from 0.2 to 1 wt% of the alkali hydroxide.
- the present invention is directed to a method for treating animal carcass to reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass or retard bacterial growth on the carcass, comprising contacting the animal carcass with an aqueous solution comprising greater than or equal to 0.05 wt% of an alkali silicate and greater than or equal to 0.05 wt% of an alkali carbonate.
- the treatment solution comprises from 0.1 wt% to saturation, more preferably from 0.5 to 10 wt% alkali silicate, and even more preferably from 3 to 8 wt% alkali silicate and 0.1 wt% to saturation, more preferably from 0.2 to 15 wt%, and even more preferably from 0.4 to 10 wt% alkali carbonate.
- the aqueous treatment solution consists essentially of a solution of alkali silicate and alkali carbonate in water. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the aqueous treatment solution consists of a solution of alkali silicate and alkali carbonate in water.
- the present invention is directed to a method for treating animal carcass to reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass or retard bacterial growth on the carcass, comprising contacting the animal carcass with an aqueous solution comprising greater than or equal to 0.05 wt% of an alkali silicate and greater than or equal to 0.05 wt% of an alkali hydroxide.
- the treatment solution comprises from 0.1 wt% to saturation more preferably from 0.5 to 10 wt%, and even more preferably from 3 to 8 wt% alkali silicate and from 0.5 to 5 wt%, more preferably from 0.1 to 2 wt%, and even more preferably from 0.2 to 1 wt% of the alkali hydroxide.
- the aqueous treatment solution consists essentially of a solution of alkali silicate and alkali hydroxide in water. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the aqueous treatment solution consists of a solution of alkali silicate and alkali hydroxide in water.
- the present invention is directed to a method for treating animal carcass to reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass or retard bacterial growth on the carcass, comprising contacting the animal carcass with an aqueous solution comprising greater than or equal to 0.05 wt% of an alkali carbonate and greater than or equal to 0.05 wt% of an alkali hydroxide.
- the treatment solution comprises from 0.1 wt% to saturation, more preferably from 0.2 to 15 wt%, and even more preferably from 0.4 to 10 wt%, alkali carbonate and 0.5 to 5 wt%, more preferably from 0.1 to 2 wt%, and even more preferably from 0.2 to 1 wt% alkali hydroxide.
- the aqueous treatment solution consists essentially of a solution of alkali carbonate and alkali hydroxide in water.
- the aqueous treatment solution consists of a solution of alkali carbonate and alkali hydroxide in water.
- the present invention is directed to a method for treating animal carcass to reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass or retard bacterial growth on the carcass, comprising contacting the animal carcass with an aqueous solution comprising greater than or equal to 0.05 wt% of an alkali silicate, greater than 0.05 wt% of an alkali carbonate and greater than or equal to 0.05 wt% of an alkali hydroxide.
- the treatment solution comprises from 0.1 wt% to saturation, more preferably from 0.5 to 10 wt% alkali silicate, and even more preferably from 3 to 8 wt% alkali silicate, from 0.1 wt% to saturation, more preferably from 0.2 to 15 wt%, and even more preferably from 0.4 to 10 wt%, alkali carbonate and 0.5 to 5 wt%, more preferably from 0.1 to 2 wt%, and even more preferably from 0.2 to 1 wt% alkali hydroxide.
- the aqueous treatment solution consists essentially of a solution of alkali silicate, alkali carbonate and alkali hydroxide in water. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the aqueous treatment solution consists of a solution of alkali silicate, alkali carbonate and alkali hydroxide in water.
- the treatment solution may, optionally, further comprise other components, such as for example, alkali metal salts, such as for example, NaCI, KCI, and surfactants suitable for food use.
- alkali metal salts such as for example, NaCI, KCI, and surfactants suitable for food use.
- the treatment solution of the present invention comprises less than 0.5 wt%, more preferably less than 0.2 wt%, ethanol. Even more preferably the treatment solution is substantially free, more preferably free, of ethanol.
- the aqueous solution may further comprise less than 10 wt% alkali phosphate, preferably less than 5 wt% alkali phosphate and more preferably less than 2 wt% alkali phosphate, in order to provide an aqueous treatment solution with a reduced phosphate content compared to know alkali phosphate antimicrobial treatments.
- the treatment solution of the present invention does not add any substantial amount of phosphates to the carcass processing waste stream and comprises, prior to use, less than 0.2 wt%, more preferably less than 0.1 wt%, trialkali phosphate. Even more preferably, the treatment solution is, prior to use, substantially free, more preferably free, of trialkali phosphate. Phosphates of animal origin may be present in used or recycled treatment solution and in carcass processing waste streams.
- the treatment solution exhibits a pH of from about 11.5 to about 14, more preferably from about 12 to about 13.75, even more preferably from about 12.25 to about 13.5 and still more preferably from about 12.75 to about 13.25.
- the treatment solution is made by dissolving the components of the solution in water.
- the animal carcass is contacted with the treatment solution after slaughter, either prior to, during or after chilling, by dipping the carcass in the treatment solution or by spraying the treatment solution on the carcass.
- the animal carcass is contacted with the treatment solution by spraying the treatment solution under a gage pressure of greater than 2 pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure (psig), more preferably from 2 to 400 psig, onto all accessible surfaces of the carcass.
- psig pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure
- bird carcasses are contacted with the aqueous treatment solution by spraying the treatment solution onto the carcass at a pressure of from 3 to 40 psig.
- mammalian carcasses are contacted with the aqueous treatment solution by spraying the solution onto the carcass at a pressure of from 20 to 150 psig.
- the treatment solution is at a temperature of from about 0 to about 85°C, more preferably from 0 to about 70 °C, still more preferably from about 10°C to about 50°C and even more preferably from about 20°C to about 40°C.
- the animal carcass is contacted with the treatment solution for greater than or equal to about 1 second to about 5 minutes, more preferably from about 5 seconds to about 2 minutes, and even more preferably from about 15 seconds to about 1 minute.
- the preferred contact times refer to the duration of the active application process, for example, dipping or spraying, used to contact the aqueous treatment solution with the carcass.
- the treatment solution can be immediately rinsed off of the carcass or, alternatively, allowed to remain on the carcass.
- Animal carcasses that have been treated according to the present invention can, immediately after such treatment, be processed according to normal carcass process conditions, such as draining or chilling.
- the treatment solution residue may be rinsed from the carcass prior to further processing.
- the treatment solution is recovered and recycled.
- the recovered treatment solution is filtered to remove solids prior to recycling.
- the respective amounts of the one or more components of the treatment solution are monitored and the composition of the treatment solution is controlled by adding water and/or additional amounts of the metasilicate, carbonate and/or hydroxide components to the solution.
- Aqueous treatment solutions were made at 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 1.00, 2.50, 5.00, 10.0 and 20.0 % w/w of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), AvGardTM TSP dodecahydrate (AVGARD), sodium carbonate (Na 2 C0 3 ), sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, sodium chloride (NaCI) or potassium chloride (KCI).
- the weight percentages for the sodium metasilicate nonahydrate were calculated based on the total weight of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, i.e., including the water of hydration.
- E.coli ATCC 25922, E.coli ATCC 8739 and E.coli 0157:1-17 ATCC 43895 was prepared.
- the bacteria mixture was contacted with each of the respective treatment solutions by, in each case, adding a 1 ml sample of the bacteria mixture to a 99 ml sample of the respective treatment solution. In each case, the bacteria mixture was contacted with the respective treatment solution for 15 seconds. Following the 15 seconds contact time, samples of the treatment solution were subjected to a standard aerobic plate count.
- the baseline bacterial level when 1 ml of the bacteria mixture was added to 99 ml of sterile water was 850,000 colony forming units per ml (cfu/ml). Results following contact with the treatment solutions are reported in TABLES IA and 1 B below, in (cfu/ml).
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using a mixture of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. choleraesuis ATCC 4931 , and S. enteriditis ATCC 13076 in place of the E.coli mixture of Example 1.
- Treatment Solution Concentration (%) 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40 0.50
- Samples of an equal mixture of Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. choleraesuis ATCC 4931 , and S. enteriditis ATCC 13076 were contacted with each of the respective treatment solutions set forth in TABLES 3A to 3M by, in each case, adding a 1 ml sample of the bacteria mixture to a 99 ml sample of the respective treatment solution.
- the aqueous treatment solutions were made by dissolving the following components: sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and NaOH (TABLES 3A and 3B), sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and KOH (TABLE 3C), sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and sodium carbonate (TABLES
- NaOH and sodium carbonate TABLES 3H and 31
- sodium carbonate and KOH TABLE 3J
- sodium carbonate and KCI or NaCI TABLE 3K
- AVGARD and KCL (TABLE 3 M), in the amounts set forth in the respective TABLES, in water.
- the weight percentages for the sodium metasilicate nonahydrate were calculated based on the total weight of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, i.e., including the water of hydration.
- the bacteria mixture was contacted with the respective treatment solution for 15 seconds and then subjected to a standard aerobic plate count Results are given below TABLES 3A to 3M in cfu/ml.
- the baseline bacteria level for each test was determined by contacting 1 ml of the bacteria mixture to 99 ml of sterile water and is given in the 0.0%/0.0% data cell of each of the TABLES 3A to 3M.
- Example 4 The procedure of Example 3 was repeated, except that the aqueous treatment solutions used in Example 4 were made by dissolving the following components: sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, sodium carbonate and NaOH (TABLES 4A, 4B) sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, sodium carbonate and KCI (4C and 4D), sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, NaOH and KCI (TABLES 4E and 4F), sodium carbonate, NaOH and KCI (TABLES 4G and 4H), sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, sodium carbonate, NaOH and KCI (TABLES 41 and 4J), in the amounts set forth in the TABLES, in water.
- the weight percentages for the sodium metasilicate nonahydrate were calculated based on the total weight of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, i.e., including the water of hydration. Results are given below TABLES 4A to 4J in cfu/ml.
- the baseline bacteria level for each test was determined by contacting 1 ml of the bacteria mixture to 99 ml of sterile water and is given in the 0.0%/0.0% data cell of each of the TABLES 4A to 4J.
- Aqueous solutions were made by dissolving the components:
- NaOH NaOH
- sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and sodium carbonate TABLE 5B
- sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and sodium carbonate/NaOH TABLE 5C
- the weight percentages for the sodium metasilicate nonahydrate were calculated based on the total weight of sodium metasilicate nonahydrate, i.e., including the water of hydration.
- the pH of each solution was measured. Results are set forth below in TABLES 5A to 5C.
- Aqueous treatment solutions were prepared, at concentrations of 4,
- the pentahydrate form of sodium metasilicate was used to make the treatment solutions.
- the weight percentages for the sodium metasilicate pentahydrate were calculated based on the total weight of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, i.e., including the water of hydration.
- Chicken carcasses were taken from a commercial chicken processing line after having been eviscerated and washed with water, with carcasses for each set of tests being removed from the processing line over the course of 7 hours over several days.
- Each carcass was submerged by hand in a 5 gallon container of test solution for 15 seconds, withdrawn from the test solution, allowed to drip for 30 seconds, placed in a plastic bag and rinsed.
- the carcasses were each rinsed by adding 400 milliliters of Butterfield's buffer (which had first been acidified with HCI to a pH of from about 2 to about 3, in order to allow neutralization of any residual alkalinity of the treated carcass) to the plastic bag containing the carcass and then shaking the carcass in bag of buffer solution for 1 minute.
- Samples of rinse solutions were then immediately removed from the bag and chilled by placing containers of the samples on water ice in shipping containers. The chilled samples of rinse solution were then shipped overnight on water ice, without being frozen themselves, to a lab for microbiological testing.
- the tests were run in cycles, using one carcass per test, with each cycle beginning with a control sample and proceeding through the test solutions in order of increasing concentration of test solution and then returning to the control solution to begin the next cycle.
- Clean sterile rubber gloves were used for removing the chickens from the processing line and for the dipping procedure. The gloves were changed between carcasses.
- E. coli counts were determined by subjecting rinse solution to £. co///coliform count plate testing (PetrifilmTM (3M)) according to AOAC Official Method 991.14. Results are reported as the number of colonies per milliliter (CFU/mL). Salmonella counts were determined by subjecting 55 gram samples of rinse solution, with three broth enrichment steps to colorimetric deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization testing (GENE-TRAKTM (Neogen Corporation)) according to AOAC Official Method 990.13. Presumptive positive results were, in general, confirmed according to FDA-BAM (8 th Edition Revision A, 1998). Results are reported as the percentage of positive results, calculated as: ((number of positive results in the test series/total number of samples in the test series) x 100).
- an "Incident Rate” is reported as a percentage calculated according to: ((number of positive results in the test series/total number of samples in the test series) x 100).
- an average value (“Ave.") is reported as the arithmetic average of the results for all days of the test series.
- the results for days 1 , 2, 3 and 4 are each based on a sample size of 25 carcasses.
- the results for day 1 are each based on a sample size of 11 carcasses
- the results for days 2 and 3 are each based on a sample size of 17 carcasses
- the results for days 4 and 5 are each based on a sample size of 20 carcasses
- the result for day 6 is based on a sample size of 15 carcasses.
- results for days 1 , 2, 3, 4 and 5 are each based on a sample size of 17 carcasses and the result for day 6 is based on a sample size of 15 carcasses.
- the treatment method of the present invention allows simple and economical washing of animal carcasses to reduce bacterial contamination of the carcass and/or retard bacterial growth on the carcass, without substantial detriment to the organoleptic properties of the carcass and without generating a waste stream that contains a high amount of phosphates.
- the method of the present invention was applied to vegetables.
- the weight percentages for the sodium metasilicate pentahydrate were calculated based on the total weight of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, i.e., including the water of hydration. All wash solutions were allowed to mix for 15 minutes on a stir plate.
- Stainless steel trays (approximately 25 x 35 x 5 mm) were sanitized with 200 PPM sodium hypochlorite and rinsed to be used as treatment wash basins. The aqueous treatment solutions were then added to the sanitized trays.
- Bolthouse carrots (obtained in 1 pound commercial packages) were separated into 140 gram samples. Each of the samples was washed in 2000 grams of one of the aqueous treatment solutions or of cold tap water by submerging the sample in the liquid for 10 minutes with occasional mixing. After 10 minutes each sample was rinsed under cold running tap water for 2 minutes in a sanitized stainless steel funnel. Rinsed carrots were allowed to drain for 10 minutes on perforated plastic weigh boats.
- Contaminant organisms were enumerated by grinding samples of the treated carrots into Butterfield's phosphate buffer to make a 1 :10 dilution. This was then spread plate onto Standard Plate Count (SPC) agar. Plates were incubated aerobically for 48 hours at 30°C.
- SPC Standard Plate Count
- the remaining treated carrots were transferred into sterile Whirlpak bags and stored at 4°C for 1 month. Each week a sample was taken and tested for the number of contaminants present.
- the treatment method of the present invention allows simple and economical washing of edible plant materials to reduce bacterial contamination of the edible plant materials and/or retard bacterial growth on the edible plant materials, without substantial detriment to the organoleptic properties of the edible plant materials and without generating a waste stream that contains a high amount of phosphates.
Abstract
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02748076A EP1411776A4 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Method for treating an animal carcass or plant material |
JP2003509866A JP2005500043A (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Method for processing animal carcass or plant material |
CA002451510A CA2451510A1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Method for treating an animal carcass or plant material |
AU2002318201A AU2002318201B2 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Method for treating an animal carcass or plant material |
BR0210522-5A BR0210522A (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Animal carcass treatment process |
MXPA03011378A MXPA03011378A (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Method for treating an animal carcass or plant material. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US30276101P | 2001-07-03 | 2001-07-03 | |
US60/302,761 | 2001-07-03 |
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PCT/US2002/021234 WO2003003842A1 (en) | 2001-07-03 | 2002-07-03 | Method for treating an animal carcass or plant material |
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US (1) | US6919099B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1411776A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005500043A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1522110A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002318201B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0210522A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2451510A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03011378A (en) |
PL (1) | PL366542A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2327390C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003003842A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2860998A1 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-04-22 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | The use of sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, polyols and inorganic salts in solutions of sodium meta-silicate used to spray animal carcasses to reduce the adhesion of precipitates to working surfaces and facilitate their cleaning |
EP1534090A1 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2005-06-01 | Danisco USA Inc. | Animal protein-containing food products having improved moisture retention |
EP1575381A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2005-09-21 | Danisco A/S | Method for treating processed food products |
WO2006051420A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-05-18 | Danisco A/S | Antibacterial composition and methods thereof |
Families Citing this family (7)
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JP4947262B2 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2012-06-06 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | Detergent composition for automatic dishwasher |
US20090312428A1 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Fernando Figueredo | Biocide Compositions Comprising Quaternary Ammonium and Urea and Methods for Their Use |
CN102858181B (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2016-04-20 | 马雷尔肉类加工有限公司 | For processing the system and method by the animal butchered and/or its part |
US20120252042A1 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | Wendy Qin | Artificial Feces |
CN106509085A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-22 | 广西神海云峰农业综合开发有限公司 | Film coating preservation method of tricholoma lobayense |
CN106509082A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-22 | 广西神海云峰农业综合开发有限公司 | Film coating fresh keeping method for hericium erinaceus |
CN106509084A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-22 | 广西神海云峰农业综合开发有限公司 | Film coating fresh keeping method for dictyophora indusiata |
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US5512309A (en) * | 1989-02-09 | 1996-04-30 | Rhone-Poulenc Inc. | Process for treating poultry carcasses to increase shelf-life |
US5891499A (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1999-04-06 | Balsano Chimica Ind | Composition for eliminating unsanitary residues from food products and method for using the same |
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US2129936A (en) * | 1934-09-15 | 1938-09-13 | Fmc Corp | Method for preparing fresh fruit for market |
IT1090756B (en) * | 1977-12-01 | 1985-06-26 | Balsamo Antonio Renato | PHYSICAL CHEMICAL METHOD AND RELATED PRODUCT TO OBTAIN THE ELIMINATION OF ANY ANTIGIENIC, CHEMICAL AND BACTERIAL RESIDUES, ON THE EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE FOODS WITH SAFEGUARD OF THEIR INTEGRITY AND HEALTH |
US4592892A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1986-06-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Ueno Seiyaku Oyo Kenkyujo | Aqueous sterilizing agent for foods or food processing machines and utensils |
US4770884A (en) * | 1987-09-18 | 1988-09-13 | Monsanto Company | Control of Salmonella on poultry carcasses |
US5143739A (en) | 1989-02-09 | 1992-09-01 | Rhone-Poulenc Inc. | Process for treating poultry carcasses to control salmonellae growth |
US5192570A (en) * | 1991-06-07 | 1993-03-09 | Bender Fredric G | Process for treating red meat to control bacterial contamination and/or growth |
KR100331952B1 (en) * | 2000-11-23 | 2002-04-09 | 최수일 | The Composition Of Multipurpose High-Functional Alkali Solution, Preparation Thereof, And For The Use Of Nonspecific Immunostimulator |
-
2002
- 2002-07-03 BR BR0210522-5A patent/BR0210522A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-03 PL PL02366542A patent/PL366542A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-03 MX MXPA03011378A patent/MXPA03011378A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-03 WO PCT/US2002/021234 patent/WO2003003842A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-07-03 RU RU2004102907/13A patent/RU2327390C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-03 AU AU2002318201A patent/AU2002318201B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-03 US US10/189,306 patent/US6919099B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-03 EP EP02748076A patent/EP1411776A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-03 JP JP2003509866A patent/JP2005500043A/en active Pending
- 2002-07-03 CA CA002451510A patent/CA2451510A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-03 CN CNA028133404A patent/CN1522110A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
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US5512309A (en) * | 1989-02-09 | 1996-04-30 | Rhone-Poulenc Inc. | Process for treating poultry carcasses to increase shelf-life |
US5891499A (en) * | 1994-07-14 | 1999-04-06 | Balsano Chimica Ind | Composition for eliminating unsanitary residues from food products and method for using the same |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1534090A1 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2005-06-01 | Danisco USA Inc. | Animal protein-containing food products having improved moisture retention |
EP1534090A4 (en) * | 2002-08-14 | 2005-09-14 | Danisco Usa Inc | Animal protein-containing food products having improved moisture retention |
US7001630B2 (en) | 2002-08-14 | 2006-02-21 | Danisco A/S | Animal protein-containing food products having improved moisture retention and method of preparing |
EP1575381A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2005-09-21 | Danisco A/S | Method for treating processed food products |
EP1575381A4 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-04-26 | Danisco | Method for treating processed food products |
US7354613B2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2008-04-08 | Danisco A/S | Method for treating processed food products |
FR2860998A1 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2005-04-22 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | The use of sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, polyols and inorganic salts in solutions of sodium meta-silicate used to spray animal carcasses to reduce the adhesion of precipitates to working surfaces and facilitate their cleaning |
WO2006051420A1 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-05-18 | Danisco A/S | Antibacterial composition and methods thereof |
US7354888B2 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2008-04-08 | Danisco A/S | Antibacterial composition and methods thereof comprising a ternary builder mixture |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1411776A4 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
PL366542A1 (en) | 2005-02-07 |
CA2451510A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
RU2327390C2 (en) | 2008-06-27 |
EP1411776A1 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
CN1522110A (en) | 2004-08-18 |
MXPA03011378A (en) | 2004-07-01 |
JP2005500043A (en) | 2005-01-06 |
RU2004102907A (en) | 2005-06-10 |
US6919099B2 (en) | 2005-07-19 |
US20030194475A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
AU2002318201B2 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
BR0210522A (en) | 2004-06-22 |
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