WO2003002553A2 - Fluoropyrrolidines as dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors - Google Patents
Fluoropyrrolidines as dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003002553A2 WO2003002553A2 PCT/US2002/020470 US0220470W WO03002553A2 WO 2003002553 A2 WO2003002553 A2 WO 2003002553A2 US 0220470 W US0220470 W US 0220470W WO 03002553 A2 WO03002553 A2 WO 03002553A2
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- 0 *C(CC1C#N)(CN1C(CNC(C1)CC23C1N(*)C2CC3)=O)F Chemical compound *C(CC1C#N)(CN1C(CNC(C1)CC23C1N(*)C2CC3)=O)F 0.000 description 6
- SCLPVHPPBFNSMO-XRJCJLGXSA-N N#C[C@H](C[C@@H](C1)F)N1C(CNC(CCN1c(cc2)ccc2F)C1=O)=O Chemical compound N#C[C@H](C[C@@H](C1)F)N1C(CNC(CCN1c(cc2)ccc2F)C1=O)=O SCLPVHPPBFNSMO-XRJCJLGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
- C07D207/273—2-Pyrrolidones with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
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- C07D207/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with hetero atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
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- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
Definitions
- Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is a post-proline/alanine cleaving serine
- DPP-IV is thought to regulate the activity of multiple physiogically important
- peptides including, but not limited to, GLP1 , 6IP, GLP2, GRP, vasoactive intestinal
- PACAP38 prolactin, chorionic gonadotropin, aprotinin, corticotropin-like intermediate
- LD78beta(3-70) RANTES, eotaxin procolipase, enterostatin, vasostatin 1 , endomorphin,
- gastrointestinal, viral, and inflammatory diseases including, but not limited to,
- diabetes obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or mucous membrane disorders,
- cytokine-mediated murine abortions examples include DPP-IV, also known as
- DPP-IV/CD26 are preferentially infected and depleted in HIV-infected
- DPP-IV inhibitors have demonstrated anti- inflammatory effects in animal models of arthritis (Tanaka et al, 1997). Additionally,
- Diabetes for example type 2 (also called noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus).
- Type 2 diabetes is the more common
- Insulin attaches to
- glucose does not get inside, a condition known as insulin
- GLP-2 maintains the integrity of the intestinal mucosal epithelium via effects
- DPP-IV inhibitors preserve GLP-1 function for a longer time (Balka, 1999).
- DPP-IV inhibitors may promote satiety, weight loss, and the antidiabetic effects
- Diabetologia 42: 1324-1331 Both subcutaneously and intravenously administered GLP-1 is rapidly degraded from the NH ⁇ -terminus in type II diabetic patients and in
- proteases include, but are not limited to, dipeptidyl peptidase-ll (DPP-II), dipeptidyl
- fibroblast activating protein alpha seprase
- prolyl tripeptidyl peptidase prolyl
- oligopeptidase endoproteinase Pro-C
- attractin soluble dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase
- acylaminoacyl-peptidase N-acylpeptide hydrolase; fMet aminopeptidase
- Pro-X carboxypeptidase angiotensinase C, prolyl carboxypeptidase.
- Proline-cleaving metallopeptidases that may share similar substrate or inhibitor
- DPP-IV specificity to DPP-IV include membrane Pro-X carboxypeptidase (carboxypeptidase P),
- elastase metaloelastase; matrix metalloproteinase 12; MMP-12], Matrilysin (matrix metalloproteinase 7; MMP-7), and neurolysin (endopeptidase 24.16; microsomal
- metallopeptidases other non-mammalian proteases may share similar substrate or
- proteases include prolyl aminopeptidase (prolyl iminopeptidase), IgAl -specific serine
- fungus prolyl oligopeptidase homologue
- prolyl oligopeptidase homologue [Pyrococcus sp.), oligopeptidase B [Escherichia coli alkaline proteinase II; protease II), dipeptidyl aminopeptidase B1
- diabetes including, but not limited to, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or
- neuropsychiatric disease such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, schizophrenia, epilepsy,
- abortions for example cytokine-mediated murine abortions.
- the present invention includes novel inhibitors of post proline/analine cleaving
- proteases including serine proteases, including dipeptidyl peptidases, including DPP-II
- X is H or alkyl and R is selected from isopropylsulfonyl, benzylsulfonyl,
- X is Ci-Cs alkyl, more preferably methyl.
- aryl is substituted one or more
- cycloalkylsulfonyl is substituted one or more times with oxo or alkyl.
- R 1 is H or oxo
- R 2 is alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally
- R 1 is oxo
- R 1 is H.
- R 2 is alkylsulfonyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.
- R 2 is alkylsulfonyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl.
- alkylsulfonyl is G-Ce alkylsulfonyl, more preferably isopropylsulfonyl.
- the alkylsulfonyl is G-Ce alkylsulfonyl, more preferably isopropylsulfonyl.
- optionally substituted heteroaryl is optionally substitued pyridyl, more preferably,
- R 4 is selected from optionally substituted aryl or alkyl.
- the alkyl is
- CI-CG alkyl more preferably t-butyl.
- aryl is substituted one or more
- Another embodiment of the present invention includes compounds of formula (IV):
- R 5 is alkoxycarbonyl.
- R 5 is C1-C5 alkoxycarbonyl, more preferably R 5
- R 6 is alkylsulfonyl or optionallly substituted aryl.
- R 6 is alkylsulfonyl or optionallly substituted aryl.
- alkylsulfonyl Preferably the alkylsulfonyl
- R 7 is alkylsulfonyl.
- R 7 is C1-G3 alkylsulfonyl, more preferably R 7 is isopropylsulfonyl.
- formulation further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes a method of inhibiting a
- the post-proline/analine-cleaving protease is a serine
- protease More preferably the serine protease is a dipeptidyl peptidase. More
- the dipeptidyl peptidase is DPP-II or DPP-IV.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes a method for the treatment
- tissue damage e.g., tissue damage, psychosomatic, depressive, and neuropsychiatric disorders, HIV infection, allergies, inflammation, arthritis, transplant rejection, high blood pressure,
- the method includes a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of
- the present invention administered for the treatment or prophylaxis of diabetes.
- the dipeptidyl peptidase is DPP-II or DPP-IV.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes the use of a compound of the
- present invention for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or
- alkyl examples include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-
- alkenylene refers to a divalent straight or branched
- cycloalkyl/aryl fused systems where, for example, a cycloalkyl, such as
- heteroatom such as nitrogen, sulfur, and/or oxygen atoms, where N-oxides,
- cycloalkyl ring(s) examples include, but are not limited to,
- aryl includes optionally substituted aryl groups, the term “aryloxy” includes
- alkoxycarbonyl refers to the group -C(0)0Ra, where
- Ra is aryl as herein defined.
- heteroaryloxycarbonyl refers to the group -C(0)OR a .
- Ra alkyl as herein defined.
- aryloxythiocarbonyl refers to the group -C(S)0Ra
- mercapto refers to the group -SH.
- thio shall refer to the group -S-.
- sulfinyl shall refer to the group -S(O)-.
- heteroarylthio refers to the group -SRb, where Rb is heteroaryl as herein defined.
- alkylsulfinyl refers to the group -S(0)Ra, where Ra is
- alkyl as herein defined.
- arylsulfinyl refers to the group -S(0)Rb, where Rb is
- heteroarylsulfinyl refers to the group -S(0)Rb, where
- Rb is heteroaryl as herein defined.
- alkylsulfonyl refers to the group -S(0) 2 Ra, where Ra
- cycloalkylsulfonyl refers to the group -S(0) 2 Ra
- Ra is cycloalkyl as herein defined.
- arylsulfonyl refers to the group -S(0) 2 Rb, where Rb is
- heteroarylsulfonyl refers to the group -S(0) 2 Rb
- Rb is heteroaryl as herein defined.
- aminosulfonyl refers to the group -S(0) 2 NH2.
- cyano refers to the group -CH.
- cyanoalkyl refers to the group -RaCN wherein Ra is
- carboxy refers to the group -COOH.
- carbamoyl refers to the group -C(0)NH 2 .
- alkylcarbamoyl refers to the group -C(0)N(Ra)2,
- Ra is alkyl and the other Ra is independently H or alkyl.
- alkylcarbamoyloxy refers to the group -OC(0)N(Ra)2,
- arylcarbamoyl refers to the group -C(0)N(Ra)2,
- Ra is aryl and the other Ra is independently H or aryl, as herein defined.
- heteroarylcarbamoyl refers to the group -
- thiocarbamoyl refers to the group -C(S)NH2.
- alkylthiocarbamoyl refers to the group -C(S)N(Ra)2,
- Ra is alkyl and the other Ra is independently H or alkyl.
- arylthiocarbamoyl refers to the group -C(S)N(Ra)2,
- Ra is aryl and the other Ra is independently H or aryl, as herein defined.
- heteroarylthiocarbamoyl refers to the group
- Ra is heteroaryl and the other Ra is independently H or
- amino refers to the group -NH2.
- alkylamino refers to the group -N(R a )2, where one Ra
- Ra is alkyl and the other Ra independently is H or alkyl, as herein defined.
- cycloalkylamino refers to the group -N(R a )2, where
- Ra is cycloalkyl and the other Ra independently is H or cycloalkyl, as herein defined.
- arylamino refers to the group -N(Ra)2, where one Ra is aryl and the other Ra independently is H or aryl, as herein defined.
- heteroarylamino refers to the group -N(R a )2, where
- one Ra is heteroaryl and the other Ra independently is H or heteroaryl, as herein defined.
- acyl refers to the group -C(0)Ra, where Ra is alkyl
- aryl aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each as herein defined.
- thioacyl refers to the group -C(S)Ra, where Ra is alkyl " . aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each as herein defined.
- acyloxy refers to the group -0C(0)Ra, where Ra is
- alkyl aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each as herein defined.
- thioacyloxy refers to the group -OC(S)Ra, where Ra
- alkyl is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each as herein defined.
- hydroxy refers to the group -OH.
- hydroxyalkyl refers to the group -RaOH wherein Ra is
- the compounds of the present invention may have the ability to crystallize in
- polymorphism a characteristic known as polymorphism. All polymorphic forms
- Polymorphs are within the scope of the present invention. Polymorphism generally can occur as a response to changes in temperature or pressure, or both, and can also
- present invention includes pure stereoisomers as well as mixtures of stereoisomers
- the present invention covers the individual isomers of the
- the present invention includes salts, solvates, and
- Salts include addition salts, metal salts, or optionally alkylated ammonium salts.
- salts examples include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric,
- salts include acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate,
- borate bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate,
- glutamate glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydroxynaphthoate, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, mandelate, mesylate,
- phosphate/diphosphate polygalacturonate
- potassium salicylate
- sodium sodium, stearate
- solvate refers to a complex of variable stoichiometry
- solvents include, but are not limited to
- the solvent used is a
- solvents include water, ethanol, and acetic acid.
- an ester or an amide which upon administration to a mammal is capable of
- the present invention further includes a pharmaceutical formulation
- insulin one or more of the following agents: insulin, ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides,
- insulin secretagogue or insulin sensitizers.
- insulin secretagogue or insulin sensitizers.
- insulin secretagogue or insulin sensitizers.
- insulin secretagogue or insulin sensitizers.
- insulin secretagogue or insulin sensitizers.
- insulin secretagogue or insulin sensitizers.
- insulin secretagogue or insulin sensitizers.
- insulin secretagogue or insulin sensitizers.
- inhibitors include acarbose, emiglitate, miglitol, and voglibose.
- biguanides include metformin, buformin, and phenformin.
- metformin metformin
- buformin metformin
- phenformin phenformin
- insulin secretagogues include sulphonylureas.
- sensitizers include peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, such as
- PPAR- ⁇ agonists for example ActosTM and AvandiaTM.
- Formulations of the present invention include those especially formulated for
- binding agents are disintegrants, and/or wetting agents.
- binding agents include disintegrants, and/or wetting agents.
- syrup examples include syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, mucilage of starch, or
- Non-limiting examples of fillers include, for example, lactose, sugar, microcrystalline cellulose, maize-starch, calcium phosphate or sorbitol.
- Non-limiting examples of lubricants include, for example, magnesium sterate, stearic
- the compounds of the present invention may be incorporated
- compositions containing these compounds may be
- compositions may be presented in unit dose forms containing a
- Such pharmaceutical formulations may be prepared
- induced abortions for example cytokine-mediated murine abortions.
- MS mass spectra
- halide for example, bromoacetyl bromide
- organic solvent for example
- formula (VIII) can then be reacted with a basic amine in an organic solvent (for example acetonitrile) in the presence of an organic base (for example N,N-
- butyldicarbonate (109.8 g, 0.50 mol) was added, at O °C, triethylamine (123.6 g, 1.22
- reaction was quenched with sat. NaHSU4 and the organics were extracted with EtOAc.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to novel compounds of following formulae (I)-(VI) their use for inhibiting post prolin/analine-cleaving proteases, such as serine proteases, such as dipeptidyl peptidases, such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), and to methods for their production and their therapeutic utility.
Description
FLUOROPYRROLIDINES AS DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE INHIBITORS
Field of Invention
The present invention relates to compounds inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidases,
such as II (DPP-II) and IV (DPP-IV), to methods for their production, and to their
therapeutic utility.
Background of the Invention
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a post-proline/alanine cleaving serine
protease found in various tissues of the body including kidney, liver, and intestine.
DPP-IV is thought to regulate the activity of multiple physiogically important
peptides, including, but not limited to, GLP1 , 6IP, GLP2, GRP, vasoactive intestinal
peptide, peptide histidine methionine, PYY, substance P, beta-casomorphine, NPY,
PACAP38, prolactin, chorionic gonadotropin, aprotinin, corticotropin-like intermediate
lobe peptide, pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide, (Tyr)melanostatin,
LD78beta(3-70), RANTES, eotaxin procolipase, enterostatin, vasostatin 1 , endomorphin,
morphiceptin, stromal cell derived factor, macrophage-derived chemokine,
granulocyte chemotactic protein-2, and GHRH/GRF. As examples of the therapeutic
value of DPP-IV, DPP-IV is believed to be involved in a variety of metabolic,
gastrointestinal, viral, and inflammatory diseases, including, but not limited to,
diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or mucous membrane disorders,
psoriasis, intestinal distress, constipation, autoimmune disorders such as
encephalomyelitis, complement mediated disorders such as glomerulonepritis,
lipodystrophy, and tissue damage, psychosomatic, depressive, and neuropsychiatric
disease such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, schizophrenia, epilepsy, spasm, and
chronic pain, HIV infection, allergies, inflammation, arthritis, transplant rejection, high
blood pressure, congestive heart failure, tumors, and stress-induced abortions, for
example cytokine-mediated murine abortions. For example, DPP-IV, also known as
CD26, mediates T-cell activation and HIV infection (Ohtsuki et al., 2000). T-cells
expressing DPP-IV/CD26 are preferentially infected and depleted in HIV-infected
individuals (Ohtsuki et al., 2000). DPP-IV inhibitors have demonstrated anti- inflammatory effects in animal models of arthritis (Tanaka et al, 1997). Additionally,
DPP-IV inhibition has been shown to prolong cardiac transplant survival (Korom et al.,
1997). In vitro studies suggest that DPP-IV/CD26 expression correlate with tumor progression of malignant melanomas of the skin (Van den Oord, 1998). Furthermore,
DPP-IV is thought to regulate metabolism by cleaving the penultimate proline/alanine
at the amino-terminus of polypeptides (Mentlein, 1999), such as glucagon-like peptides (GLP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY).
More specifically, GLPs help metabolize glucose and, thus, regulation of GLPs
likely should be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
Diabetes, for example type 2 (also called noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(NIDDM) or maturity-onset) diabetes, results in elevated blood sugar levels due to
absolute or relative insufficiencies of insulin. Type 2 diabetes is the more common
form of diabetes, accounting for 90°/o of cases, or about 16 million Americans. Most
type 2 diabetics produce variable, sometimes normal, amounts of insulin, but they
have abnormalities in liver and muscle cells that resist its actions. Insulin attaches to
the receptors of cells, but glucose does not get inside, a condition known as insulin
resistance. Many type 2 diabetics seem to be incapable of secreting enough insulin to
overcome insulin resistance. GLP-1 enhances insulin secretion. Thus, regulation of
GLP-1 correlates to a regulation of insulin secretion. Moreover, GLP-1 decreases
hepatic glucose production, gastric emptying, and food intake (Deacon et al., 1995).
Further, GLP-2 maintains the integrity of the intestinal mucosal epithelium via effects
on gastric motility, nutrient absorption, crypt cell proliferation and apoptosis, and intestinal permeability (Drucker, 2001).
DPP-IV inhibitors preserve GLP-1 function for a longer time (Balka, 1999).
Thus, DPP-IV inhibitors may promote satiety, weight loss, and the antidiabetic effects
of GLP-1 (Deacon et al., 1995; Hoist and Deacon, 1998). For example, inhibition of
DPP-IV with the known compound NVP-DPP728 increases plasma GLP-1 (2-36 amide)
concentrations and improves oral glucose tolerance in obese Zucker rats. See,
Diabetologia 42: 1324-1331. Both subcutaneously and intravenously administered GLP-1 is rapidly degraded from the NH∑-terminus in type II diabetic patients and in
healthy subjects. See, Diabetes 44:1 126, 1995.
Moreover, DPP-IV inhibitors preserve GLP-2 for longer periods of time and,
thus, may be useful for treating intestinal insufficiencies and mucous membrane
disorders (Hartmann B et al., 2000).
While DPP-IV is the predominate protease regulating GLP turnover, similar
substrate or inhibitor specificity may be observed for related proteases. Related serine
proteases include, but are not limited to, dipeptidyl peptidase-ll (DPP-II), dipeptidyl
peptidase IV beta, dipeptidyl peptidase 8, dipeptidyl peptidase 9, aminopeptidase P,
fibroblast activating protein alpha (seprase), prolyl tripeptidyl peptidase, prolyl
oligopeptidase (endoproteinase Pro-C), attractin (soluble dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase),
acylaminoacyl-peptidase (N-acylpeptide hydrolase; fMet aminopeptidase) and
lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase (angiotensinase C, prolyl carboxypeptidase).
Proline-cleaving metallopeptidases that may share similar substrate or inhibitor
specificity to DPP-IV include membrane Pro-X carboxypeptidase (carboxypeptidase P),
angiotensin-converting enzyme (Peptidyl-dipeptidase A multipeptidase], collagenase 1
(interstitial collagenase; matrix metalloproteinase 1 ; MMP-1 ; Mcol-A), ADAM 10 (alpha-secretase, myelin-associated disintegrin metalloproteinase), neprilysin
(atriopeptidase; CALLA; CD10; endopeptidase 24.11 ; enkephalinase), Macrophage
elastase (metalloelastase; matrix metalloproteinase 12; MMP-12], Matrilysin (matrix metalloproteinase 7; MMP-7), and neurolysin (endopeptidase 24.16; microsomal
endopeptidase; mitochondrial oligopeptidase). See http://merops.iapc.bbsrc.ac.uk/.
Furthermore, beyond mammalian serine peptidases and proline-cleaving
metallopeptidases, other non-mammalian proteases may share similar substrate or
inhibitor specificity to DPP-IV. Non-limiting examples of such non-mammalian serine
proteases include prolyl aminopeptidase (prolyl iminopeptidase), IgAl -specific serine
type prolyl endopeptidase (IgA protease, Neisseria, Haemophilus), dipeptidyl
aminopeptidase A (STE13) {Saccharomyces cerevisiae), dipeptidyl aminopeptidase B
(fungus), prolyl oligopeptidase homologue [Pyrococcus sp.), oligopeptidase B [Escherichia coli alkaline proteinase II; protease II), dipeptidyl aminopeptidase B1
[Pseudomonas sp.), dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (bacteria), dipeptidyl aminopeptidase
[Aureobacterium), dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (insect), dipeptidyl-peptidase V, allergen Tri
1 4 [Trichophyton tonsurans), secreted alanyl DPP [Aspergillus oryzae), peptidase li¬
mes [Prosopis velutina), and bamboo serine proteinase [Pleioblastus hindsii). Non-
limiting examples of such non-mammalian proline-cleaving metallopeptidases include
penicillolysin (fungal acid metalloendopeptidase), proline-specific peptidyl-dipeptidase
[Streptomyces), coccolysin (gelatinase, Enterococcus faecalis), aminopeptidase Ey,
(hen egg yolk) (apdE g.p.; Gallus gallus domesticus), gametolysin [Chlamydomonas
cell wall degrading protease), and snake venom proline-cleaving metalloproteases as
well. See http://merops.iapc.bbsrc.ac.uk/ for further reference.
Dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP II) is a serine protease localized to lysosomes in
cells and believed to be involved in lysosomal degradation and protein turnover. The
order of expression of DPP-II is kidney » testis > or = heart > brain > or = lung >
spleen > skeletal muscle > or = liver (Araki H et al., J Biochem (Tokyo) 2001 , 129:279-
88). This expression suggests possible utility in kidney or lysosomal-related disorders.
Substrate specificity studies indicated that purified DPP-II hydrolyzes specifically
alanine or proline residues at acidic pH (4.5-5.5). DPP-II has significant sequence
homology and substrate specificity to quiescent cell proline dipeptidase and prolyl
carboxypeptidase, suggesting possible overlapping functions between these proteases
(Araki H et al., J Biochem (Tokyo) 2001 , 129:279-88).
The present invention includes novel DPP-II and/or DPP-IV inhibitors, as well as
methods of their therapeutic use and methods of their production. While not being
limited thereby, the compounds of the present invention are believed useful for the
treatment of a variety of metabolic, gastrointestinal, viral, and inflammatory diseases,
including, but not limited to, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or
mucous membrane disorders, psoriasis, intestinal distress, constipation, autoimmune
disorders such as encephalomyelitis, complement mediated disorders such as
glomerulonepritis, lipodystrophy, and tissue damage, psychosomatic, depressive, and
neuropsychiatric disease such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, schizophrenia, epilepsy,
spasm, and chronic pain, HIV infection, allergies, inflammation, arthritis, transplant
rejection, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, tumors, and stress-induced
abortions, for example cytokine-mediated murine abortions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes novel inhibitors of post proline/analine cleaving
proteases, including serine proteases, including dipeptidyl peptidases, including DPP-II
and DPP-IV. These compounds exhibit surprising characterisitcs including improved
potency, extended duration of action, improved stability, and/or a decrease in toxicity.
One embodiment of the present invention includes compounds of formula (I):
naphthylethylsulfonyl, mesitylsulfonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfonyl,
benzoxazolyl, optionally substituted aryl. Preferably X is H. Preferably when X is alkyl,
X is Ci-Cs alkyl, more preferably methyl. Preferably the aryl is substituted one or more
times with cyano, halogen, nitro, or haloalkyl. Preferably the aryl is phenyl or benzyl.
Preferably the cycloalkylsulfonyl is substituted one or more times with oxo or alkyl.
More preferably the cycloalkylsulfonyl is dimethyl-oxo-bicyclo[2.2.l]-heptyl methyl
sulfonyl.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes compounds of formula
(II):
wherein R1 is H or oxo, and R2 is alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally
substituted heteroaryl. In one aspect of this embodiment preferably R1 is oxo.
Preferably R2 is aryl, preferably phenyl, and more preferably is substituted one or more
times with halogen. In another aspect of this embodiment preferably R1 is H.
Preferably R2 is alkylsulfonyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl. Preferably the
alkylsulfonyl is G-Ce alkylsulfonyl, more preferably isopropylsulfonyl. Preferably the
optionally substituted heteroaryl is optionally substitued pyridyl, more preferably,
substituted one or more times with cyano.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes compounds of formula
(HI):
CI-CG alkyl, more preferably t-butyl. Preferably the aryl is substituted one or more
times with halogen or haloalkyl. Preferablly the aryl is phenyl.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes compounds of formula (IV):
is ethyloxycarbonyl.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes compounds of formula
(V):
is Ci-Cs alkylsulfonyl, more preferably, isopropylsulfonyl. Preferably the aryl is
substituted one or more times with halogen or cyano. Preferably the aryl is phenyl.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes compounds of formula
(VI):
wherein R7 is alkylsulfonyl. Preferably R7 is C1-G3 alkylsulfonyl, more preferably R7 is isopropylsulfonyl.
Particularly preferred compounds of the present invention include:
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1 -({[l-(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperdinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S)-4,4-Difluoro-1 -({[l -(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidnecarbonitrile;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1 -({[(3S)-1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4Fluoro-1 -({[(3S)-1 -(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S4S)-1-{[(1-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]acetyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride; (2S,45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-1 -({[l-(4-Cyanophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S45)-1-({[1-(4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-1 -({[l -(4-Cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-1-({[l-(3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride; (2S,4S)-1-({[1-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-
2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(4-phenylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}pyrroiidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride;
Ethyl 3-({2-[(2S,4S)-2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}amino)-8-
azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-[({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexyl}amino)acetyl]
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride; (2S45)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(4-pyridin-2-ylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride (cis ft trans);
(2S4S)-1-{[(4-rerf-butylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}-4-fiuoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(3/?)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile and hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(3S)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile and hydrochloride; (2S45)-1-[({[(3/?)-1 -(3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]-4-
fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S, 4S)-4-Fluoro-1- ({[1-(4-nitrophenyl) piperidin-4-yl] amino} acetyl) pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile;
(2S, 4S)-4-Fluoro-1-[({1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] piperidin-4-yl}amino)acetyl] pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S, 4S)-1 -({[l -(1 ,3-Benzoxazol-2-yl) piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-1-({[l-({[(l /?,4/?)-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.l]hept-1-yl]methyl}sulfonyl)
piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-1-({[l-(Benzylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(l-{[2-(l-naphthyl)ethyl]sulfonyl}piperidin-4-yl)amino]acetyl}
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(mesitylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride; (2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[(3/?)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[(35)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride; 6-[(3S)-3-({2-[(2S,4S)-2-Cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1 -yl]-2-
oxoethyl}amino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]nicotinonitrile bis(trifluoroacetate); and
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(isopropylsulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile trifluoroacetate.
Preferably, for each embodiment of the present invention A is H and is located
trans to the depicted nitrile warhead.
Another aspect of the present invention includes pharmaceutical formulations
comprising a compound of the present invention. Preferably such a pharmaceutical
formulation further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Another aspect of the present invention includes a method of inhibiting a
post-proline/analine-cleaving protease comprising administering a compound of the
present invention. Preferably the post-proline/analine-cleaving protease is a serine
protease. More preferably the serine protease is a dipeptidyl peptidase. More
preferably the dipeptidyl peptidase is DPP-II or DPP-IV.
Another aspect of the present invention includes a method for the treatment
or prophylaxis of metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, viral disorders,
inflammatory disorders, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or mucous
membrane disorders, psoriasis, intestinal distress, constipation, autoimmune disorders,
encephalomyelitis, complement mediated disorders, glomerulonepritis, lipodystrophy,
tissue damage, psychosomatic, depressive, and neuropsychiatric disorders, HIV infection, allergies, inflammation, arthritis, transplant rejection, high blood pressure,
congestive heart failure, tumors, and stress-induced abortions comprising
administering an effective amount of a compound of the present invention. Preferably the method includes a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of
the present invention administered for the treatment or prophylaxis of diabetes.
Another aspect of the present invention includes use of a compound of the
present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the inhibition of a post
proline/analine-cleaving protease. Preferably the post proline/analine-cleaving
protease is a serine protease. Preferably the serine protease is a dipeptidyl peptidase.
Preferably the dipeptidyl peptidase is DPP-II or DPP-IV.
Another aspect of the present invention includes the use of a compound of the
present invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or
prophylaxis of metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, viral disorders,
inflammatory disorders, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or mucous
membrane disorders, psoriasis, intestinal distress, constipation, autoimmune disorders,
encephalomyelitis, complement mediated disorders, glomerulonepritis, lipodystrophy,
tissue damage, psychosomatic, depressive, and neuropsychiatric disorders, HIV
infection, allergies, inflammation, arthritis, transplant rejection, high blood pressure,
congestive heart failure, tumors, and stress-induced abortions.
Another aspect of the present invention includes a compound of the present
invention for use as an active therapeutic substance.
Another aspect of the present invention includes a compound of the present invention for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the inhibition of serine protease.
Accordingly, another aspect of the present invention includes a compound of the
present invention for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or
prophylaxis of metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, viral disorders,
inflammatory disorders, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or mucous
membrane disorders, psoriasis, intestinal distress, constipation, autoimmune disorders,
encephalomyelitis, complement mediated disorders, glomerulonepritis, lipodystrophy;
tissue damage, psychosomatic, depressive, and neuropsychiatric disorders, HIV
infection, allergies, inflammation, arthritis, transplant rejection, high blood pressure,
congestive heart failure, tumors, and stress-induced abortions.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The term "alkyl" refers to a straight or branched chain saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbon that may be optionally substituted, with multiple degrees of substitution
being allowed. Examples of "alkyl" include, but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-
propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, and the like.
As used throughout this specification, the preferred number of carbon atoms
will be represented by, for example, the phrase "Cx-Cyalkyl" which refers to an alkyl
group, as herein defined, containing the specified number of carbon atoms. Similar
terminology will apply for other preferred ranges as well.
The term "alkylene" refers to a divalent straight or branched chain aliphatic
hydrocarbon radical that may be optionally substituted, with multiple degrees of
substitution being allowed. An example of "alkylene" includes, without limitation,
methylene, namely -CH2-.
The term "alkenyl" refers to a straight or branched chain aliphatic
hydrocarbon, containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds that may be
optionally substituted, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed. Examples
include, but are not limited to, vinyl and the like.
As used herein the term "alkenylene" refers to a divalent straight or branched
chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, containing one or more carbon-to-carbon double
bonds, which may be optionally substituted, with multiple degrees of substitution
being allowed. An example of "alkenylene" includes, without limitation, vinylene,
namely, -CH=CH-.
As used herein the term "alkynyl" refers to a straight or branched aliphatic
hydrocarbon containing one or more triple bond, which may optionally be substituted,
with multuiple degrees of substitution being allowed. Examples of "alkynyl" as used
herein include, but are not limited to, ethynyl and the like.
As used herein the term "alkynylene" refers to a divalent straight or branched
chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, containing at least one carbon-to-carbon triple
bond, that may be further substituted, with multiple degrees of substitution being
allowed. An example of "alkynylene" includes, without limitation, ethynylene, namely
-C≡C-.
The term "aryl" refers to an aromatic ring system, such as an optionally
substituted benzene ring system, such as phenyl. The term encompasses fused systems
where one or more optionally substituted benzene rings form, for example,
anthracene, phenanthrene, or naphthalene ring systems. The term includes ring(s)
optionally substituted, with multiple degrees of substitution being allowed, and also
includes an optional alkylene linker, such as G-Cs alkylene, through which the aryl
group may be attached. Examples of "aryl" groups include, but are not limited to
phenyl, benzyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, biphenyl, as well as substituted derivatives
thereof.
The term "heteroaryl" refers to a monocyclic aromatic ring system, or to a
fused bicyclic aromatic ring- system comprising two or more aromatic rings. These
heteroaryl rings contain one or more nitrogen, sulfur, and/or oxygen atoms, where N-
oxides, sulfur oxides, and dioxides are permissible heteroatom substitutions. The term
includes ring(s) optionally substituted, with multiple degrees of substitution being
allowed, and also includes an optional alkylene linker, such as G-Cs alkylene, through
which the heteroaryl group may be attached. Examples of "heteroaryl" groups used
herein include furan, thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole,
thiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, isothiazole, pyridine, pyridazine,
pyrazine, pyrimidine, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, indazole, and substituted versions thereof.
As used herein, the term "cycloalkyl" refers to a mono- or bi-cyclic
hydrocarbon ring system, which may be further substituted with multiple degrees of
substitution being allowed, and which optionally includes an alkylene linker through which the cycloalkyl may be attached. Exemplary "cycloalkyl" groups include, but are
not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. When
substituted, one substituent location on cycloalkyl groups of the present invention is
at the "1 -position." To illustrate, without limitation, a preferred location for a
substituent is represented below with the substituent referred to as "R":
The term "cycloalkyl" includes bridged or fused ring systems, as well, such as
hydrindane, decalin, or adamantyl. For ease of reference, also included within the
term are cycloalkyl/aryl fused systems where, for example, a cycloalkyl, such as
cyclohexyl, is fused with an aromatic ring, such as a benzene ring, to form groups such
as
As used herein, the term "heterocyclic" or the term "heterocyclyl" refers to a
heterocyclic ring, preferably three to fourteen-membered, that is either saturated or
has one or more degrees of unsaturation. These heterocyclic rings contain one or
more heteroatom, such as nitrogen, sulfur, and/or oxygen atoms, where N-oxides,
sulfur oxides, and dioxides are permissible heteroatom substitutions. As used herein
heterocyclic groups optionally may be substituted, with multiple degrees of
substitution being allowed, and also includes an optional alkylene linker, such as G-Ce alkylene, through which the heterocyclyl group may be attached. Such a ring may be
optionally fused to one or more of another "heterocyclic" ring(s), aryl ring(s), or
cycloalkyl ring(s). Examples of "heterocyclic" include, but are not limited to,
tetrahydrofuran, pyran, 1 ,4-dioxane, 1 ,3-dioxane, piperidine, pyrrolidine, morpholine,
tetrahydrothiopyran, tetrahydrothiophene, and the like.
The term "halogen" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
The term "haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein that is
substituted with at least one halogen. Non-limiting examples of "haloalkyl" groups
include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl substituted independently
with one or more halogens, e.g., fluoro, chloro, bromo, and/or iodo. The term
"haloalkyl" should be interpreted to include such substituents as perfluoroalkyl, for
example, trifluoromethyl, CF3, and the like.
As used herein, the term "haloalkoxy" refers to the group -ORa, where Ra is
haloalkyl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "alkoxy" refers to the group -ORa, where Ra is alkyl as
herein defined.
As used herein, the term "aryloxy" refers to the group -ORb, where Rb is aryl as
herein defined.
As an example, and to be applied throughout the specification, since the term
"aryl" includes optionally substituted aryl groups, the term "aryloxy" includes
optionally substituted aryloxy groups. The optional substitution applies for all
applicable terms herein defined. Further, as defined above, the term "aryl" includes
alkylene-linked aryl groups. Thus, terms such as "aryloxy" and the like should be
considered to include alkylene-linked aryl groups. As an example, therefore, and not
meant as limiting, one aryloxy group may be -ORb, where Rb is benzyl, where the
benzyl group may be further substituted.
As used herein, the term "heteroaryloxy" refers to the group -ORb, where Rb is
heteroaryl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "alkoxycarbonyl" refers to the group -C(0)0Ra, where
Ra is alkyl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "aryloxycarbonyl" refers to the group -C(0)0Ra, where
Ra is aryl as herein defined. As used herein, the term "heteroaryloxycarbonyl" refers to the group -C(0)ORa,
where Ra is heteroaryl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "alkoxythiocarbonyl" refers to the group -C(S)0Ra,
where Ra is alkyl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "aryloxythiocarbonyl" refers to the group -C(S)0Ra,
where Ra is aryl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "heteroaryloxythiocarbonyl" refers to the group -
C(S)0Ra, where Ra is heteroaryl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "oxo" refers to the group =0.
As used herein, the term "mercapto" refers to the group -SH.
As used herein, the term "thio" shall refer to the group -S-.
As used herein, the term "sulfinyl" shall refer to the group -S(O)-.
As used herein, the term "sulfonyl" shall refer to the group -S(0)2-.
As used herein, the term "alkylthio" refers to the group -SRa, where Ra is alkyl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "arylthio" refers to the group -SRb, where Rb is aryl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "heteroarylthio" refers to the group -SRb, where Rb is heteroaryl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "alkylsulfinyl" refers to the group -S(0)Ra, where Ra is
alkyl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "arylsulfinyl" refers to the group -S(0)Rb, where Rb is
aryl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "heteroarylsulfinyl" refers to the group -S(0)Rb, where
Rb is heteroaryl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "alkylsulfonyl" refers to the group -S(0)2Ra, where Ra
is alkyl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "cycloalkylsulfonyl" refers to the group -S(0)2Ra,
where Ra is cycloalkyl as herein defined.
As used herein the term "arylsulfonyl" refers to the group -S(0)2Rb, where Rb is
aryl as herein defined.
As used herein the term "heteroarylsulfonyl" refers to the group -S(0)2Rb,
where Rb is heteroaryl as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "aminosulfonyl" refers to the group -S(0)2NH2.
As used herein, the term "cyano" refers to the group -CH.
As used herein the term "cyanoalkyl" refers to the group -RaCN wherein Ra is
an alkylene as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "carboxy" refers to the group -COOH.
As used herein, the term "carbamoyl" refers to the group -C(0)NH2.
As used herein, the term "alkylcarbamoyl" refers to the group -C(0)N(Ra)2,
where one Ra is alkyl and the other Ra is independently H or alkyl.
As used herein, the term "alkylcarbamoyloxy" refers to the group -OC(0)N(Ra)2,
where one Ra is alkyl and the other Ra is independently H or alkyl.
As used herein, the term "arylcarbamoyl" refers to the group -C(0)N(Ra)2,
where one Ra is aryl and the other Ra is independently H or aryl, as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "heteroarylcarbamoyl" refers to the group -
C(0)N(Ra)2, where one Ra is heteroaryl and the other Ra is independently H or
heteroaryl, as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "thiocarbamoyl" refers to the group -C(S)NH2.
As used herein, the term "alkylthiocarbamoyl" refers to the group -C(S)N(Ra)2,
where one Ra is alkyl and the other Ra is independently H or alkyl.
As used herein, the term "arylthiocarbamoyl" refers to the group -C(S)N(Ra)2,
where one Ra is aryl and the other Ra is independently H or aryl, as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "heteroarylthiocarbamoyl" refers to the group
-C(S)N(Ra)2, where one Ra is heteroaryl and the other Ra is independently H or
heteroaryl, as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "amino" refers to the group -NH2.
As used herein, the term "alkylamino" refers to the group -N(Ra)2, where one Ra
is alkyl and the other Ra independently is H or alkyl, as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "cycloalkylamino" refers to the group -N(Ra)2, where
one Ra is cycloalkyl and the other Ra independently is H or cycloalkyl, as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "arylamino" refers to the group -N(Ra)2, where one Ra is aryl and the other Ra independently is H or aryl, as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "heteroarylamino" refers to the group -N(Ra)2, where
one Ra is heteroaryl and the other Ra independently is H or heteroaryl, as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "acyl" refers to the group -C(0)Ra, where Ra is alkyl,
aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "thioacyl" refers to the group -C(S)Ra, where Ra is alkyl". aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "acyloxy" refers to the group -0C(0)Ra, where Ra is
alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "thioacyloxy" refers to the group -OC(S)Ra, where Ra
is alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl, each as herein defined.
As used herein, the term "hydroxy" refers to the group -OH.
As used herein the term "hydroxyalkyl" refers to the group -RaOH wherein Ra is
an alkylene as herein defined.
The compounds of the present invention may have the ability to crystallize in
more than one form, a characteristic known as polymorphism. All polymorphic forms
("polymorphs") are within the scope of the present invention. Polymorphism generally
can occur as a response to changes in temperature or pressure, or both, and can also
result from variations in the crystallization process. Polymorphs can be distinguished
by various physical characteristics that are known in the art such as x-ray diffraction
patterns, solubility, and melting point.
Certain of the compounds described herein contain one or more chiral centers,
or may otherwise be capable of existing as multiple stereoisomers. The scope of the
present invention includes pure stereoisomers as well as mixtures of stereoisomers,
such as purified enantiomers/diasteromers or enantiomerically/diastereomerically enriched mixtures. Also included within the scope of the invention are the individual
isomers of the compounds perse, as well as any wholly or partially equilibrated
mixtures thereof. The present invention covers the individual isomers of the
compounds represented by the formulas above as mixtures with isomers thereof in which one or more chiral centers are inverted.
As noted above, the present invention includes salts, solvates, and
pharmaceutically functional derivatives of the compounds of the present invention. Salts include addition salts, metal salts, or optionally alkylated ammonium salts.
Examples of such salts include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric,
sulfuric, trifluoroacetic, trichloroacetic, oxalic, maleic, pyruvic, malonic, succinic, citric,
mandelic, benzoic, cinnamic, methane sulphonic, ethane sulphonic, picric, and the like.
Further salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and the like. Still further
salts include acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate,
borate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate,
di hydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate,
glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydroxynaphthoate,
isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, mandelate, mesylate,
methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, monopotassium maleate, mucate,
napsylate, nitrate, N-methylglucamine, pamoate (embonate), palmitate, pantothenate,
phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, potassium, salicylate, sodium, stearate,
subacetate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide, trimethylammonium, and
valerate salts. Reference is also made to Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1997, 66,
2, incorporated herein by reference, as relevant to salts.
As used herein, the term "solvate" refers to a complex of variable stoichiometry
formed by a solute or a salt or pharmaceutically functional derivative thereof and a
solvent. Such solvents for the purpose of the invention should not interfere with the
biological activity of the solute. Examples of solvents include, but are not limited to
water, methanol, ethanol, and acetic acid. Preferably the solvent used is a
pharmaceutically acceptable solvent. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable
solvents include water, ethanol, and acetic acid.
The term "pharmaceutically functional derivative" refers to any
pharmaceutically acceptable derivative of a compound of the present invention, for
example, an ester or an amide, which upon administration to a mammal is capable of
providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of the present invention or an active
metabolite or residue thereof. Such derivatives are recognizable to those skilled in
the art, without undue experimentation. Nevertheless reference is made to the
teaching of Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, 5th Edition, Vol 1 :
Principles and Practice, which is incorporated herein by reference to the extent of
teaching pharmaceutically functional derivatives.
While compounds of the present invention may be administered as the raw
chemical, preferably the compounds of the present invention are presented as an
active ingredient within a pharmaceutical formulation as known in the art.
Accordingly, the present invention further includes a pharmaceutical formulation
comprising a compound of the present invention, or salt, solvate, or pharmaceutically
functional derivative thereof together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Optionally, other therapeutic and/or prophylactic ("active") ingredients may
be included in the pharmaceutical formulation as well. For example, the compounds
of the present invention may be combined with other anti-diabetic agents, such as
one or more of the following agents: insulin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides,
insulin secretagogue, or insulin sensitizers. Non-limiting examples of α-glucosidase
inhibitors include acarbose, emiglitate, miglitol, and voglibose. Non-limiting examples
of biguanides include metformin, buformin, and phenformin. Non-limiting examples
of insulin secretagogues include sulphonylureas. Non-limiting examples of insulin
sensitizers include peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, such as
PPAR-γ agonists, for example Actos™ and Avandia™.
Formulations of the present invention include those especially formulated for
oral, buccal, parental, transdermal, inhalation, intranasal, transmucosal, implant, or
rectal administration. Among the variety of administrations, oral administration
typically is preferred. For oral administration tablets, capsules, and caplets may
contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, fillers, lubricants,
disintegrants, and/or wetting agents. Non-limiting examples of binding agents
include syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, mucilage of starch, or
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Non-limiting examples of fillers include, for example,
lactose, sugar, microcrystalline cellulose, maize-starch, calcium phosphate or sorbitol.
Non-limiting examples of lubricants include, for example, magnesium sterate, stearic
acid, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica. Non-limiting examples of disintegrants
include, for example, potato starch or sodium starch glycollate. A non-limiting
example of a wetting agent includes sodium lauryl sulfate. The tablets additionally
may be coated according to methods known in the art.
Alternatively, the compounds of the present invention may be incorporated
into oral liquid preparations such as aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions,
syrups, or elixirs. Moreover, formulations containing these compounds may be
presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before
use. Liquid preparations may contain conventional additives. Non-limiting examples
of such additives include suspending agents such as sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose,
glucose/sugar syrup, gelatin, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,
aluminum sterate gel or hydrogenated edible fats. Additionally, emulsifying agents
such as lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may
include edible oils) such as almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters, propylene
glycol or ethyl alcohol my be included. Further, preservatives such as methyl or propyl
p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid, may be incorporated into the preparation. Such
preparations may also be formulated as suppositories, for example, containing
conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
Additionally, formulations of the present invention may be formulated for
parenteral administration by injection or continuous infusion. Formulations for
injection may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or
aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing
and/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form
for constitution with a suitable vehicle, for example, sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
The formulations according to the invention may also be formulated as a
depot preparation. Such long acting formulations may be administered by
implantation, for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, or by intramuscular
injection. Accordingly, the compounds of the invention may be formulated with
suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials, such as an emulsion in an acceptable oil,
ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, such as a sparingly soluble salt.
Pharmaceutical formulations may be presented in unit dose forms containing a
predetermined amount of active ingredient per unit dose. Such a unit may contain
certain amounts of a compound of the present invention depending on the condition
being treated, the route of administration, and the age, weight and condition of the
patient. Examples of such amounts include the formulation containing about 0.1 to
about 99.9% active ingredient. Preferred unit dosage formulations are those
containing a predetermined dose, such as a daily dose, or an appropriate fraction
thereof, of an active ingredient. Such pharmaceutical formulations may be prepared
by any of the methods well known in the pharmacy art.
As used herein, the term "effective amount" means that amount of a drug or
pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue,
system, animal, or human that is being sought, for instance, by a researcher or
clinician. Furthermore, the term "therapeutically effective amount" means any
amount which, as compared to a corresponding subject who has not received such
amount, results in improved treatment, healing, prevention, or amelioration of a
disease, disorder, or side effect, or a decrease in the rate of advancement of a disease
or disorder. The term also includes within its scope amounts effective to enhance
normal physiological function.
The therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention
will depend upon a number of factors including, for example, the age and weight of
the animal, the precise condition requiring treatment and its severity, the nature of
the formulation, and the route of administration. Therapeutic effectiveness ultimately
will be at the discretion of the attendant physician or veterinarian. An effective
amount of a salt or solvate, or pharmaceutically functional derivative thereof, may be
determined as a proportion of the effective amount of a compound of the present
invention per se. Dosages may vary, depending upon the appropriate inhibition of
DPP-IV for purposes of treatment or prophylaxis of a variety of metabolic,
gastrointestinal, viral, and inflammatory diseases, including, but not limited to,
diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or mucous membrane disorders,
psoriasis, intestinal distress, constipation, autoimmune disorders such as
encephalomyelitis, complement mediated disorders such as glomerulonepritis, lipodystrophy, and tissue damage, HIV infection, allergies, inflammation, arthritis,
transplant rejection, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, tumors, and stress-
induced abortions, for example cytokine-mediated murine abortions.
No toxicological effects are indicated/expected when a compound of the
present invention is administered in the above mentioned dosage range.
The present invention should be interpreted to cover all combinations of
particular and preferred groups herein described. The application of which this
description and claims forms part may be used as a basis for priority in respect of any
subsequent application. The claims of such subsequent application may be directed to
any feature or combination of features described herein. They may take the form of
product, composition, process, or use claims and may include, by way of example and
without limitation, the claims hereto appended.
The following examples illustrate aspects of this invention, but should not be
construed as limitations. As used herein the symbols and conventions used in these
processes, schemes and examples are consistent with those used in the contemporary
scientific literature, for example, the Journal of the American Chemical Society or the
Journal of Biological Chemistry. Unless otherwise noted, all starting materials were
obtained from commercial suppliers or through known resources and used without
further purification.
^ NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian VXR-300, a Varian Unity-300, a
Varian Unity-400 instrument, or a General Electric QE-300. Chemical shifts are
expressed in parts per million (ppm, δ units). Coupling constants are in units of hertz
(Hz). Splitting patterns describe apparent multiplicities and are designated as s
(singlet), d (doublet), t (triplet), q (quartet), m (multiplet), br (broad).
Low-resolution mass spectra (MS) were recorded on a JOEL JMS-AX505HA, JOEL SX-102, or a SCIEX-APIiii spectrometer; high resolution MS were obtained using
a JOEL SX-102A spectrometer. All mass spectra were taken under electrospray
ionization (ESI), chemical ionization (Cl), electron impact (El) or by fast atom
bombardment (FAB) methods. Infrared (IR) spectra were obtained on a Nicolet 510
FT-IR spectrometer using a 1 -mm NaCl cell. All reactions were monitored by thin-
layer chromatography on 0.25 mm E. Merck silica gel plates (60F-254), visualized with
UV light, 5% ethanolic phosphomolybdic acid or p-anisaldehyde solution. Flash
column chromatography was performed on silica gel (230-400 mesh, Merck). Optical
rotations were obtained using a Perkin Elmer Model 241 Polarimeter. Melting points
were determined using a Mel-Temp II apparatus and are uncorrected.
IUPAC names are included to further identify particular compounds of the
present invention. The IUPAC names stated herein should in no way limit the scope of the present invention.
EXPERI MENTALS
Compounds of the present invention may be prepared according to the
preferred scheme detailed below:
More specifically, a compound of formula (II) can be reacted with an acid
halide (for example, bromoacetyl bromide) in an organic solvent (for example
methylene chloride) in the presence of an organic base (for example N,N-
diisopropylethyl amine) to generate compounds of formula (VIII). Compounds of
formula (VIII) can then be reacted with a basic amine in an organic solvent (for
example acetonitrile) in the presence of an organic base (for example N,N-
diisopropylethyl amine) to generate compounds of formula I.
As an alternative, compounds of the present invention can be generated as outlined below:
deprotection
More specifically, a compound of formula (II) can be reacted with a suitably protected
amino acid (wherein P designates an appropriate protecting group) in the presence of
a coupling agent (for example HATU) with a suitable organic base (for example Hunigs
base) in a suitable organic solvent (for example N,N-dimethylformamide) to generate
compounds of formula (IX). A compound of formula (IX) can then be deprotected to
generate compounds of formula I.
Typical amine protecting groups and their removal can be found in: "Protective
Groups in Organic Synthesis" Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M. Wiley 8t Sons Third Ed.
1999, herein incorporated by reference as related to amine protecting groups and
removal.
Intermediate Example 1
(2S, 4S)-4-Fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate.
A. Methyl (2S, 4R)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate hydrochloride.
To a MeOH solution (420 mL) containing L-hydroxyproline (62.67 g, 478 mmol)
cooled in an ice water bath was added thionyl chloride (58.6 g, 492.3 mmol) dropwise.
Upon complete addition the suspension was stirred at RT for 2 h. The mixture was
then heated to reflux for 6 h at which time it was cooled to RT and the solvent removed in vacuo. The residual solid was pumped on under high vacuum yielding
86.03 g (474 mmol, 99% yield) of compound A as a white solid.
Η NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 4.62-4.57 (m, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.43 (dd, 1 H, J =
12.2, 3.7 Hz), 3.30 (m, 1 H), 2.41 (dd, 1 H, J = 13.6, 7.6 Hz), 2.19 (m, 1 H) ppm.
B. 1-Tert-butyl-2-methyl (2S, 4R)-4-hydroxy-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylate.
To a CH2CI2 solution (1.4 L) containing compound A (88.67 g, 0.49 mol) and di-t-
butyldicarbonate (109.8 g, 0.50 mol) was added, at O °C, triethylamine (123.6 g, 1.22
mol) dropwise over 1.5 h. The resulting solution was then slowly allowed to warm to
RT overnight. The solvent was then removed in vacuo and Et2θ was added to the
residual solid. The solid was collected via vacuum filtration and washed thoroughly
with Et∑O. The filtrate then had the solvent removed in vacuo and was dissolved in
CH2CI2. The organics were washed with sat. NaCl and sat. NaHC03 followed by drying
over MgS0 . Filtration and removal of the solvent in vacuo yielded a light yellow oil
which, after pumping on under high vacuum for ~ 15 min., solidified. The resulting
solid had 500 mL of hexanes added to it and then stirred overnight. The solid was
collected via vacuum filtration and pumped on under high vacuum yielding 104.5g
(0.43 mol, 87% yield) compound B as a white solid.
]H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 4.37-4.32 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.71 (m, 3H), 3.51 (m, 1 H),
3.43 (m, 1 H), 2.23 (m, 1 H), 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.42 (m, 9H) ppm.
C. 1-Tert-butyl 2-methyl (2S, 4S)-4-fluoro-1,2-pyrrolidinedicarboxylate.
To a 2 L flask containing compound B (124.25 g, 0.51 mol), in 1.25 L of 1 ,2-
dichloroethane cooled to -30 °C, was added DAST neat (125 g, 0.78 mol). The reaction
slowly warmed to -10 °C over 1 hr at which time the cold bath was removed. Stirring
continued at RT for 24 hr when the dark solution was poured into two 2 L flasks that
contained crushed ice and solid NaHC03. The flasks were periodically swirled and
stirred until no CO2 evolution was observed (note: additional solid NaHC03 was
periodically added). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted
with CH2CI2. After drying over MgS04 the solvent was removed in vacuo and the
residual dark oil was dissolved in 200 mL of EtOAc and then 800 mL of hexanes was
added. To this solution was added 100 g of SiO2. After stirring for 30 min the solution
was filtered with the Siθ2 being washed with hexanes/EtOAc (4:1, ~ 500 mL). Removal
of the solvent in vσct/o and pumping on under high vacuum overnight yielded 121.81
g (0.40 mol, 97% yield) of compound C as a dark oil.
'H NMR (CDCIa) 400 MHz δ 5.18 (d(br), 1 H, J = 53 Hz), 4.53 (d, 1/2H, J = 9.7 Hz),
4.40 (d, 1/2H, J= 9.4 Hz), 3.87-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 2.51-2.28 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 3H,
rotomer), 1.41 (s, 6H, rotomer) ppm.
D. (2S, 4S)-1-(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid.
To a 2 L flask containing compound C (121.8 g, 0.49 mol), in 1.1 L of dioxane, was
added 380 mL of H2O followed by lithium hydroxide hydrate (103.6 g, 2.46 mol) at RT.
The resulting solution stirred for 23 hr (note: by TLC the reaction appeared to be done
after 5 hr.) at which time the bulk of the dioxane was removed in vacuo. The residual material was dissolved in additional H2O and then charcoal was added. After stirring
for 15 min., the solution was filtered through a bed of celite. The filtrate had solid
NaCl added to it until it didn't dissolve any further. It was then cooled in an ice water
bath and was acidified with concentrated HCl to pH 3 whilst maintaining the solution
temperature between 5 - 10 °C. The product began to precipitate out at pH 4 and
upon reaching pH 3 the tan solid was collected via vacuum filtration. After pumping
on under high vacuum overnight the solid was dissolved in CH3CN (1.5 L) and dried
over MgS04. Removal of the solvent in vacuo and drying under high vacuum yielded
92.7 g (0.40 mol, 81% yield) of compound as a tan solid.
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 12.5 (s(br), 1 H), 5.22 (d(br), 1 H, J = 54 Hz), 4.25 (m,
1 H), 3.60-3.43 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, 1 H), 2.20 (m, 1 H), 1.33 (m, 9H) ppm.
E. Tert-butyl (2S, 4S)-2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-fluoro-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate.
To a 2 L, 3-neck flask equipped with an air-driven stirrer was added compound D
(92.7 g, 0.40 mol), CHaCN (1.1 L), di-t-butyldicarbonate (130 g, 0.60 mol), and pyridine
(32.4 g, 0.41 mol) at RT. After stirring for 20 min., ammonium hydrogen carbonate
(47.2 g, 0.60 mol) was added. The reaction stirred for 23 hr at which time the bulk of
the CH3CN was removed in vacuo. The residue was then dissolved in CH2CI2 and
washed with a 1 :1 1 M HCI/sat NaCl solution. The aqueous layer was then extracted
2X with CH2CI2. The combined organic layers were dried (MgS04) and the solvent
removed in vacuo. The tan solid was triturated with hexanes (~ 0.5 L) and collected
via vacuum filtration. After pumping under high vacuum, 68.75 g (0.30 mol, 74%
yield) compound E was obtained as a light tan solid. The filtrate after removal of the
solvent in vacuo gave a dark oil that also appeared to contain additional product by 1H NMR.
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.21 (s(br), 1/2H), 7.14 (s(br), 1/2H), 6.94 (s(br), 1 H),
5.19 (d(br), 1 H, J = 54 Hz), 4.1 1 (m, 1 H), 3.63-3.47 (m, 2H), 2.38 (m, 1 H), 2.1 1 (m, 1 H),
1.39 (s, 3H, rotomer), 1.34 (s, 6H, rotomer) ppm.
F. Tert-butyl (2S, 4S)-2-cyano-4-fluoro-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate.
To a flask containing imidazole (2.93 g, 43.1 mmol), was added pyridine (75 g, 0.9
mol, 15 volumes by weight to the amide). The solution was then cooled to 0 °C and
after stirring for 10 min., BOC-4-fluoroproline carboxamide (5.0 g, 21.6 mmol) was
added in one portion. The solution was then cooled to -30 °C (note: going below this
temperature may lead to a heterogeneous solution) and POCb (13.2 g, 86.4 mmol) was
added dropwise over 5 minutes. Upon complete addition the dry-ice acetone bath
was replaced with an ice water bath and stirring continued at 0 °C for 1 hr at which
time it was poured into a crushed ice, solid NaCl and EtOAc mixture. The organic layer
was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2X). The solvent was
removed in vacuo (note: keep rotovap bath < 35 °C) and the residue dissolved in
EtOAc. The organics were washed with sat. NaCl and 1.0 M HCl (2X). After drying
over MgS04 the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 4.0 g (18.6 mmol, 86% yield)
of compound F as a light tan solid.
Η NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 5.32 (d(br), 1 H, J = 52 Hz), 4.78 (m, 1 H), 3.74-3.48
(m, 2H), 2.55-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.43 (m, 9H) ppm.
G. (2S, 4S)-4-Fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate.
To a CH3CN solution (1 L) containing compound F (56.62 g, 0.26 mol), was added
p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (75.4 g, 0.40 mol) at RT. After 24 hr the CH3CN was
removed in vacuo and then the residual brown oil was dissolved in 500 mL of EtOAc.
Within 1 min a solid precipitated out and the solution was cooled in an ice-water bath and after stirring for 1 hr the solid was collected via vacuum filtration. The collected
solid was rinsed with cold (-20 °C) EtOAc (~ 500 mL) and then pumped on under high
vacuum overnight yielding 60.94 g (0.21 mol, 82% yield) of compound G as a light tan
solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.69 (d, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.23 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz), 5.52
(dd, 1 H, J = 51 , 3.4 Hz), 4.96 (dd, 1 H, J = 9.8, 3.6 Hz), 3.78 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 2.84-
2.63 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H) ppm.
Alternative Route for Intermediate Example 1
(2S, 4S)-4-Fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate.
A. Tert-butyl (2S,4R)-2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
To a THF solution (420 mL) containing BOC-L-hydroxyproline (30.0 g, 129 mmol)
and triethylamine (14.4 g, 141.9 mmol) cooled to -15 °C was added ethyl
chloroformate (15.4 g, 141.9 mmol) dropwise. The resulting solution stirred for 10 min
when 80 mL of 28% NH4OH was added. The reaction was allowed to slowly warm to 5
°C over 2 hr at which time sat. NH4CI was added until the entire white solid had
dissolved. The THF was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with THF. The
combined organic layers were dried (MgSθ4) and the solvent removed in vacuo. The
residual oil was treated with Et2θ and a small amount of CH2CI2 and MeOH. After
storing in the freezer for 1 hr the resulting white solid was collected via vacuum
filtration yielding 22.0 g (95.6 mmol, 74% yield) of compound A.
Η NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.33-7.29 (d(br), 1 H, rotomers), 6.88-6.80 (d(br),
1 H, rotomers), 4.94 (s(br), 1 H), 4.18 (s(br), 1 H), 4.04 (m, 1 H), 3.35 (m, 1 H), 3.21 (m, 1 H),
1.99 (m, 1 H), 1.77 (m, 1 H), 1.36-1.31 (d, 9H, rotomers) ppm.
B. Tert-butyl (2S,4R)-2-cyano-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate.
To a pyridine solution (180 mL) containing compound A (17.89 g, 77.8 mmol)
cooled to -20 °C was added trifluoroacetic anhydride (40.8 g, 194.4 mmol) dropwise.
Upon complete addition the reaction was allowed to warm to RT. After 6 hr the
reaction was quenched with H2O and then poured into EtOAc (ca 500 mL). The
organics were washed with sat. NaCl, 1.0 M HCl and 2.0 M NaOH followed by drying
over MgS04. The filtrate had charcoal added to it and after stirring for 10 min the
solution was filtered through a bed of celite. The solvent was removed in vacuo (the
rotovap temperature was at 34 °C) yielding 13.21 g (62.3 mmol, 80% yield) of
compound B as an orange oil.
NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 4.60 (m, 1 H), 4.40 (s(br), 1 H), 3.49 - 3.41 (m,
2H), 2.36 - 2.34 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.48 (m, 9H, rotomers)
C. Tert-butyl (2S, 4S)-2-cyano-4-fluoro-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate.
To a 1 ,2-dichloroethane solution (300 mL) containing compound B (13.21 g,
62.3 mmol) cooled to -30 °C was added DAST (15.1 g, 93.4 mmol). After 30 min the
cold bath was removed and stirring continued for 24 hr at which time the reaction
was quenched carefully with sat. NaHQk The solution was then poured onto crushed
ice and the organics extracted with CH2CI2 (2X). After a final washing with sat. NaHSU4 the organics were dried (MgS04) and the solvent removed in vacuo yielding 10.86 g
(50.7 mmol, 81% yield) of compound C as a brown semi-solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 5.32 (d(br), 1 H, J = 52 Hz), 4.78 (m, 1 H), 3.74-
3.48 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.43 (m, 9H) ppm.
D. (2S, 4S)-4-Fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate.
To an CH3CN solution (200 mL) containing compound C (10.86 g, 50. 7 mmol)
was added p-toluenesulfonic acid (14.8 g, 78 mmol) at RT. The resulting solution stirred for 24 hr at which time the CH3CN was removed in vacuo. The residual brown
oil was dissolved in EtOAc (300 mL) and within 1 min a solid precipitated out. The
solution was cooled in an ice-bath for 2 hr and then the solid collected via vacuum
filtration. It was then washed with 300 mL of cold (-20 °C) EtOAc yielding 10.07 g
(35.2 mmol, 69% yield) of compound D.
Η NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.69 (d, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.23 (d, 2H, J = 8.0 Hz), 5.52
(dd, 1 H, J = 51 , 3.4 Hz), 4.96 (dd, 1 H, J = 9.8, 3.6 Hz), 3.78 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 2.84-
2.63 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H) ppm.
Intermediate Example 2
(2S)-4,4-Difluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate. A. Tert-butyl (2S, 4S)-2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate.
To a THF solution (420 mL) containing BOC-L-hydroxyproline (30.0 g, 129 mmol)
and Et3N (14.4 g, 141.9 mmol) cooled to -15 °C was added ethyl chloroformate (15.4 g,
141.9 mmol) dropwise. The resulting white solution stirred at -15 °C for 30 min when
80 mL of a 28% NH4OH solution was added via syringe. Upon complete addition the
cold bath was removed and stirring continued for 19 hr. The homogeneous solution
was poured into sat. NH4CI and the organic layer separated. The aqueous layer was
extracted with THF and then the combined organic layers dried (MgS04). The solvent
was removed in vacuo and the semisolid pumped on under high vacuum for 2 hr. The
resulting white solid was collected via vacuum filtration with Et20 yielding 15.86 g
(68.9 mmol, 53% yield) of compound A.
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.34 (s(br), 1 H, rotomer), 7.31 (s(br), 1 H, rotomer),
6.90 (s(br), 1 H, rotomer), 6.82 (s(br), 1 H, rotomer), 4.95 (d, 1 H, J = 3.1 Hz), 4.05 (m, 1 H),
3.36 (m, 1 H), 3.22 (m, 1 H), 2.03 (m, 1 H), 1.78 (m, 1 H), 1.37 (s, 3H, rotomer), 1.32 (s, 6H,
rotomer) ppm.
B. Tert-butyl (2S)-2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-oxo-1 -pyrrolidinecarboxylate.
To a CH2CI2 solution (12 mL) containing oxalyl chloride (607 mg, 4.78 mmol) cooled to -78 °C was added a CH2CI2 solution (3 mL) containing DMSO. After 5 min
tert-butyl (2S, 4S)-2-(aminocarbonyl)-4-hydroxy-1 -pyrrolidinecarboxylate (1.0 g, 4.35
mmol, as described in step E above) in a CH2CI2/THF solution (20 mL/15 mL) was added
dropwise. Upon complete addition the reaction stirred for 20 min when Et3N (2.20 g,
21.7 mmol) was added. After 10 min the cold bath was removed and stirring
continued for 1 hr. The solution was poured into sat. NaHC03 and the organics
extracted with CH2CI2. After drying over MgSU4 the solvent was removed in vacuo and
the residual yellow oil purified via column chromatography (C^Ck/MeOH (15:1))
yielding 560 mg (2.45 mmol, 56% yield) of compound B as a white solid.
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.58 (s(br), 1 H), 7.15 (s(br), 1 H, rotomer), 7.09 (s(br),
1 H, rotomer), 4.51 (d, 1 H, J = 9.7 Hz, rotomer), 4.46 (d, 1 H, J = 8.8 Hz, rotomer), 3.76-
3.64 (m, 2H), 3.02 (m, 1 H), 2.28 (m, 1 H), 1.39 (s, 3H, rotomer), 1.37 (s, 6H, rotomer)
ppm.
C. Tert-butyl (2S)-2-(aminocarbonyl)-4,4-difluoro-1 -pyrrolidinecarboxylate.
To a CH2CI2 solution (10 mL) containing compound B (423 mg, 1.85 mmol) cooled
to -70 °C was added DAST (889 mg, 5.50 mmol). The resulting solution stirred at -70
°C for 30 min and then at RT for 2 hr. The reaction was quenched with sat. NaHC03
and the organics extracted with CH2CI2. After drying over MgSU4 the residual yellow
solid was purified via column chromatography (CH2CL?/Me0H (15:1)) yielding 21 1 mg
(0.84 mmol, 46% yield) of compound C.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 4.38 (m, 1 H), 3.84-3.75 (m, 2H), 2.76 (m, 1 H), 2.41
(m, 1 H), 1.44 (s(br), 9H) ppm.
D. Tert-butyl (2S)-2-cyano-4,4-difluoro-1 -pyrrolidinecarboxylate.
To a pyridine solution (20 mL) containing compound C (658 mg, 2.63 mmol) and
imidazole (358 mg, 5.26 mmol) cooled to -35 °C was added POCb (1.61 g, 10.5 mmol).
The resulting slurry stirred for 1.5 hr at which time it had warmed to 10 °C. The
solution was diluted with EtOAc and them washed 3X with 1 M HCl. After drying over
MgSU4 the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 610 mg (2.63 mmol, 100% yield) of
compound D which was taken directly on.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 4.88 (s(br), 1 H), 3.79-3.72 (m, 2H), 2.87 (m, 1 H),
2.69 (m, 1 H), 1.50 (s, 9H) ppm.
E. (2S)-4,4-Difluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate.
To an CHsCN solution (15 mL) containing compound D (512 mg, 2.21 mmol) was
added p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (839 mg, 4.42 mmol) at RT. The resulting
solution stirred for 2 hr at which time the CH3CN was removed in vacuo. To the
residual oil was added EtOAc (~ 10 mL) and this was then removed in vacuo. The
resulting solid was triterated with Et∑O followed by addition of EtOAc. The solid was
collected via vacuum filtration yielding 375 mg (1.23 mmol, 56% yield) of compound
E as a white solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) δ 400 MHz d 7.70 (d, 2H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.23 (d, 2H, J = 7.9 Hz),
5.12 (t, 1 H, J = 7.9 Hz), 3.91-3.78 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 9H) ppm.
Intermediate Example 3
(2S,4S)-1-(Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.
Bromoacetyl bromide (503 μL, 5.77 mmol, 1.1 eq) was taken up in CH2CI2 (12 mL)
and cooled to 0 °C. (2S, 4S)-4-Fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methyl¬
benzenesulfonate (compound G as described earlier) (1.5 g, 5.24 mmol, 1.0 eq) and
diisopropylethylamine (1.0 mL, 5.77 mmol, 1.1 eq) taken up in CH2CI2 (7 mL) were
added to the bromide solution dropwise over 10 min. The resulting mixture stirred at
0 °C for 2 hr and was then quenched with H2O and extracted with CH2CI2. The
organics were dried over MgSU4 and concentrated in vacuo affording 1.2 g (5.24
mmol, 100% yield) of compound A as purple solid which was taken on crude.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 5.57 (dt(br), 1 H, J = 51.7 ft 3.1 Hz), 5.00 (d, 1 H, J =
8.6 Hz), 4.20-3.80 (m(br), 4H), 2.61-2.39 (m(br), 2H) ppm.
Intermediate Example 4
(2S)-1-(Bromoacetyl)-4,4-difluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.
To a CH2CI2 solution (5 mL) containing bromoacetyl bromide (365 mg, 1.80 mmol)
cooled to -10° C was added dropwise (2S)-4,4-difluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-
methylbenzenesulfonate (described earlier) (500 mg, 1.64 mmol) and triethylamine
(199 mg, 1.97 mmol) in CH2CI2 (5 mL). After stirring for 2 hours at 10 °C the reaction
was quenched with H2O and the organics extracted with CH2CI2 and washed with 1.0
M HCl. After drying over MgS04 the solvents were reduced in vacuo yielding 400 mg
(1.57 mmol, 96% yield) of the title compound as a yellow oil.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 5.06 (d, 1 H, J = 3.2 Hz), 4.21 -4.04 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, 1 H),
2.97-2.72 (m, 2H) ppm.
Example 1
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperdinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride
A. Tert-butyl 1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperdinylcarbamate.
4-N-BOC-aminopiperidine (5.0 g, 25.0 mmol), triethyla ine (3.8 L, 27.5 mmol),
and 50 mL of dry CHsCN were added to a 100 mL round bottom flask. The resulting
mixture was* cooled to 0-5 °C and mixed with 2-propanesulfonyl chloride (3.9 g, 27.5
mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature for a period of 1.5
hours. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the resulting solid was
partitioned between saturated NaHCU3 and EtOAc. The organics were washed with sat. NaCl and concentrated to dryness to give 6.9 g (91% yield) of compound A as a
tan solid which was used without further purification.
1H NMR (CDCI3) 400 MHz δ 4.45 (s(br), 1 H), 3.79 (d, 2H, J = 13 Hz), 3.58 (s(br), 1 H),
3.19-3.12 (m, 1 H), 2.96 (t, 2H, J = 13.4 Hz), 1.99 (d, 2H, J= 12.8 Hz), 1.48-1.38 (m,
1 1 H), 1.32 (d, 6H, J= 6.8 Hz) ppm.
B. 1 -(lsopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperidinamine hydrochloride.
Compound B (6. 5 g, 21.0 mmol) was dissolved into 65 mL of 1 ,4-dioxane. The
mixture was cooled to 0-5°C and mixed with 4.0 N HCl in 1 ,4-dioxane (52.5mL,
0.21 mol). The reaction was stirred at RT for a period of 16.0 hours and was concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The resulting off white solid was triterated in ether
and filtered in vacuo. The product was dried under high vacuum to afford 4.9 g (94%
'yield) of compound B.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 3.89 (d, 2H, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.33-3.26 (m, 2H), 3.05 (t,
2H, J = 12.1 Hz), 2.05 (d, 2H, J = 12.1 Hz), 1.65-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.31 (d, 6H, J = 6.7 Hz)
ppm.
C. (2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2- pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.
(2S,4S)-1 -(Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile (described earlier) (1.2
g, 5.24 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound B (1.4 g, 5.76 mmol, 1.1 eq) were taken up in
CH3CN (50 mL, 0.1 M). Diisopropylethylamine (4.6 mL, 26.2 mmol, 5.0 eq) was then
added and the resulting mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was quenched
with 1.0 M NaOH (ca 10 mL) and then was poured into H2O. The organics were
extracted with EtOAc (3X), combined and dried over a2S04. The solvent was
concentrated in vacuo and then the residue purified via flash chromatography using
an initial mobile phase of 1% MeOH (with 0.1% NH3) in CH2CI2 then ramping to 5% MeOH (with 0.10/0 NH3) in CH2CI2 affording 833 mg (2.3 mmol, 44% yield) of a white
fluffy solid. To form the HCl salt, the free base was taken up in Et20 and acetone
added until all solids were in solution. 2.0 M HCl in ether was added dropwise until no
more precipitate formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed several times
with Et_2θ. The resulting salt was dried under high vacuum yielding compound C as a
white solid.
1H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 9.16 (s(br), 2H), 5.60 (d(br), 1 H, J = 51.8 Hz), 5.06 (d,
1 H, J = 8.8 Hz), 4.26 (d, 2H, J = 16.5 Hz), 4.02 (t, 2H, J = 1 1.2 Hz), 3.71 (d, 2H, J = 12.3
Hz), 3.34-3.22 (m, 1 H), 3.21 (t(br), 1 H. J = 8.3 Hz), 2.95 (t, 2H, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.52 (d, 2H,
J = 15.2 Hz), 2.09 (d, 2H, _ = 11.2 Hz), 1.58-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.20 (d, 6H, J = 6.9 Hz) ppm.
Example 2
(2S)-4,4-Difluoro-1-({[1 -(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperidinyl3amino acetyl)-2- pyrrolidnecarbonitrile
A. (2S)-4,4-Difluoro-1-({[1 -(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidnecarbonitrile hydrochloride.
To a CH2CI2 solution (4 mL) containing 1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperidinamine
hydrochloride (described earlier) (300 mg, 1.2 mmol) was added Et3N (249 mg, 2.46
mmol). The solution was added dropwise to a CH2CI2 solution (4mL) containing (2S)-1-
(bromoacetyl)-4,4-difluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile (250 mg, 0.98 mmol) cooled to 0 °C. After stirring for 15 min the cold bath was removed and the solution allowed to
reach ambient temperature at which it stirred for 4 hours. The solution was quenched
with H2O the organics extracted with CH2CI2 (3X) and combined. After drying over
MgSθ4 the solvents were reduced in vacuo and the product purified via column
chromatography (Me0H/CH2Cl2 (19:1)) yielding 220 mg (581 mmol, 59% yield) of
compound A as the free base as a beige solid. To a dioxane solution (2 mL) containing
compound A (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) was added 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (0.66mL, 2.64
mmol). After stirring for 2 hours the solvents were reduced in vacuo and the solution
triterated with Et2θ. A white precipitate crashed out which was collected by vacuum
filtration and dried on the high vacuum pump yielding 8.0 mg (.019 mmol, 7.0% yield)
of compound A as a white solid.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 5.15 (d, 1 H, J = 9.4 Hz), 4.16 (d, 1 H, J = 8.6 Hz),
4.09-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.92 (d, 2H, J = 13.2 Hz), 3.39-3.26 (m, 3H), 3.04 (t, 2H, J = 12.3 Hz),
2.91 -2.78 (m, 2H), 2.19 (d, 2H, J = 10.7 Hz), 1.71-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.30 (d, 6H, J = 6.8 Hz) ppm.
Example 3
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[(3S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride A. Tert-butyl (1S)-1-[(4-fluoroanilino)carbonyl]-3-(methylsulfanyl)propylcarbamate.
To a DMF solution (80 mL) containing BOC-L-methionine (5.0 g, 20.0 mmol) and
diisopropylethyl amine (3.89 g, 30.1 mmol) was added HATU (7.6 g, 20.0 mmol) at RT.
After 15 min 4-fluoroaniline (2.22 g, 20.0 mmol) in 10 mL of DMF was added. The
resulting solution stirred for 2 days at which time the solution was poured into EtOAc
and the organics were washed with H2O (3X), 1 M HCl and sat. NaHCOs. After drying
over MgS04 the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residual dark oil purified via
column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc (7:3)) yielding 5.13 g (15.0 mmol, 75% yield)
of compound A as a yellow foam.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.56 (s(br), 1 H), 7.45 - 7.42 (m, 2H), 6.98 - 6.94 (m,
2H), 5.35 (d(br), 1 H, J = 7.6 Hz), 4.42 (s(br), 1 H), 2.63 - 2.58 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, 1 H), 2.1 1 (s, 3H), 2.00 (m, 1 H), 1.44 (s, 9H) ppm.
B. Tert-butyl (1S)-3-(dimethylsulfonio)-1-[(4-fluoroanilino)carbonyl]propylcarbamate iodode.
A flask containing compound A (1.73 g, 5.06 mmol) had 22 mL of iodomethane
added to it. After stirring overnight the iodomethane was removed in vacuo yielding
2.28 g (4.71 mmol, 93% yield) of compound B which was taken on crude.
'H NMR (d6-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 10.1 (s, 1 H), 7.60 - 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.26 (d, 1 H, J = 8.1
Hz), 7.17 - 7.12 (m, 2H), 4.16 (m, 1 H), 3.32 - 3.28 (m, 3H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.86 (s, 3H),
2.14 - 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.37 (s, 9H) ppm.
C. Tert-butyl (3S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinylcarbamate.
To a THF solution (90 mL) containing compound B (2.28 g, 4.71 mmol) cooled to 0
°C was added 4.94 mL of a 1 M THF solution of LiHMDS (4.94 mmol). After 2 hr the
reaction was quenched with sat. NaHSU4 and the organics were extracted with EtOAc.
The organic layer was then washed with sat. NaHC03 and sat. NaCl. After drying over
MgS04 the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residual solid was triterated with
Et2θ. The solid was collected via vacuum filtration and the filtrate also then had the
solvent removed in vacuo. After triteration with Et∑O the solids were combined
yielding 954 mg (3.24 mmol, 69% yield) of compound C as a beige solid.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.60 - 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.08 - 7.04 (m, 2H), 5.22 (s(br),
1 H), 4.33 (s(br), 1 H), 3.79 - 3.74 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s(br), 1 H), 2.00 (m, 1 H), 1.46 (s, 9H) ppm.
D. (3S)-3-Amino-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-pyrrolidine trifluoroacetate.
To a CH2CI2 solution (15 mL) containing compound C (954 mg, 3.24 mmol) was
added 1.25 mL of TFA (5 eq). After 30 min an additional 1.25 mL of TFA was added and
after 2 hr the solvent was removed in vacuo yielding 998 mg (3.24 mmol, 100% yield)
of crude compound D which was taken on.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.69 - 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.18 - 7.13 (m, 2H), 4.24 (dd,
1 H, J = 10.9, 8.7 Hz), 3.99 - 3.88 (m, 2H), 2.67 (m, 1 H), 2.15 (m, 1 H) ppm.
E. (2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[(3S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.
To a CH3CN solution (12 mL) containing compound D (1.47 g, 4.77 mmol) and
diisopropylethyl amine (1.02 g, 7.86 mmol) was added added (2S,4S)-1 -(bromoacetyl)- 4-fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile (described earlier) (560 mg, 2.38 mmol) in 12 mL of
CH3CN at RT. After 5 hr the CH3CN was reomved in vacuo and the residual oil dissolved
in EtOAc. The organics were washed with sat. NaHC03, dilute NH4CI and sat. NaCl.
Upon drying over MgS04 the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residual foam was
purified via column chromatography (initially 1% NH3 in Et0H/2% Me0H/CH2Cb
followed by 1% NH3 in EtOH/5% MeOH/CH∑Cb) yielding 21 1 mg (0.60 mmol, 25%
yield) of compound E.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.64 - 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.13 - 7.09 (m, 2H), 5.43 (dt,
1 H, J = 51.5 Et 3.1 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3 Hz), 3.93 (m, 1 H), 3.84 - 3.57 (m, 7H), 2.65 -
2.31 (m, 3H), 1.95 (m, l H) ppm.
F. (2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1 -({[(3S)-1 -(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2- pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.
To a flask containing compound E (21 1 mg, 0.60 mmol) dissolved in 2 mL of
dioxane was added 2 mL of a 4.0 M dioxane solution of HCl. After 5 min the solvent
was removed in vacuo and the residue triterated with Et2θ. The Et∑O was then
removed in vacuo and the resulting solid triterated with Et∑O and collected via
vacuum filtration yielding 218 mg (0.57 mmol, 93% yield) of compound F as an off-
white solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.70 - 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.18 - 7.14 (m, 2H), 5.49 (d(br),
1 H, J = 51.3 Hz), 5.05 (d, 1 H, J = 9.1 Hz), 4.47 (d, 1 H, J = 16.3 Hz), 4.40 (m, 1 H), 4.22 (d,
1 H, J = 16.2 Hz), 4.04 - 3.74 (m, 6H), 2.75 - 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.27 (m, 1 H) ppm.
Example 4
(2S,4S)-4Fluoro-1-({[(3S)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride
A. Tert-butyl (l S)-1 -{[(4-fluorobenzyl)amino]carbonyl}-3-(methylsulfanyl)
propyl carbamate.
To a DMF solution (80 mL) containing BOC-L-methionine (5.0 g, 20.0 mmol) was
added diisopropylethyl amine (3.89 g, 30.1 mmol) followed by HATU (7.6 g, 20.0 mmol)
at RT. After 15 min 4-fluorobenzylamine (2.51 g, 20.0 mmol) was added. The resulting
solution stirred overnight at which time the solution was poured into EtOAc. The
organics were washed with H2O (3X), 1.0 M HCl and sat. NaHCOs. After drying over
MgSU4the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residual solid triterated with
hexanes. Upon pumping on under high vacuum 6.27 g, (17.6 mmol, 88% yield) of
compound A was obtained as a tan solid.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.33 (s(br), 1 H), 7.27 - 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.12 - 7.07 (m,
2H), 7.00 (d, 1 H, J= 7.7 Hz), 4.23 - 4.22 (m, 2H), 3.99 (m, 1 H), 2.48 - 2.37 ( , 2H), 1.99
(s, 3H), 1.84 - 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.36 (s, 9H) ppm.
B. Tert-butyl (lS)-3-(dimethylsulfonio)-1-{[(4-fluorobenzyl)amino] carbonyl}propylcarbamate iodide.
To a flask containg compound A (2.0 g, 5.62 mmol) was added 25 mL of
iodomethane at RT. The resulting solution was then gently heated until all the solid
was dissolved. The reaction stirred overnight and then the iodomethane was removed
in vacuo. The resulting yellow foam was triterated with EtjO and then the Et2θ
removed in vacuo. After pumping on under high vacuum 2.80 g (5.62 mmol, 100%
yield) of salt B was obtained as a yellow solid which was taken on crude.
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 8.46 (t(br), 1 H, J = 5.6 Hz), 7.29 - 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.17
(d, 1 H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.13 - 7.09 (m, 2H), 4.28 - 4.24 (m, 2H), 4.04 (m, 1 H), 3.35 - 3.27
(m, 2H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 2.08 - 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.37 (s, 9H) ppm.
C. Tert-butyl (3S)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinylcarbamate.
To a THF solution (1 10 mL) containing compound B (2.80 g, 5.62 mmol) cooled to 0
°C was added 6.18 mL of a 1.0 M THF solution of LiHMDS. After stirring for 4 hr at 0
°C the reaction was quenched with sat. NaHS04. The organics were extracted with
EtOAc and then washed with sat. NaHCOs and sat. NaCl. After drying over MgS04 the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residual orange oil purified via column
chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc (1 :1)) yielding 1.43 g (4.64 mmol, 83% yield) of compound C.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.21 - 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.03 6.99 (m, 2H), 5.14 (s(br), 1 H),
4.46 (d, 1 H, J = 14.6 Hz), 4.39 (d, 1 H, J = 14.6 Hz), 4.18 (s(br), 1 H), 3.20 - 3.17 (dd, 1 H, J
= 9.55, 3.9 Hz), 2.60 (m, 1 H), 1.82 (m, 1 H), 1.44 (s, 9H) ppm.
D.(3S)-3-Amino-1 -(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-pyrrolidine trifluoroacetate.
To a CH2CI2 solution (20 mL) containing compound C (1.42 g, 4.61 mmol) was
added 1.8 mL of TFA at RT. After 30 min an additional 1.8 mL of TFA was added.
Stirring continued for a total of 1 hr at which time the solvent was removed in vacuo
yielding 1.48 g (4.61 mmol, 100% yield) of compound D which was taken on crude.
Η NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 1 1.2 (s(br), 1 H), 8.27 (s(br), 1 H), 7.17 - 7.13 (m, 2H),
7.03 - 6.99 (m, 2H), 4.46 (d, 1 H, J = 14.6 Hz), 4.38 (d, 1 H, J = 14.6 Hz), 4.24 (t(br), 1 H J
= 8.9 Hz), 3.39 - 3.30 (m, 2H), 2.57 (m, 1 H), 2.24 (m, 1 H) ppm.
E. (2S,4S)-4Fluoro-1 -({[(3S)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.
To an Q-bCN solution (10 mL) containing compound D (1.26 g, 3.90 mmol) and
diisopropylethyl amine (756 mg, 5.85 mmol) was added and CHsCN solution (10 mL) containing (2S,4S)-1-(bromoacetyl)-4-fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile (described
earlier) (459 mg, 1.95 mmol) at RT. The resulting solution stirred for 4.5 hr at which
time the bulk of the CH3CN was removed in vacuo. The residual oil was purified via
column chromatography (initially 20/0 NH3 in EtOH/CH2Cb to 10% NH3 in ETOH/CH2CI2)
yielding 330 mg (0.91 mmol, 47% yield) of compound E.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.30 - 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.08 - 7.04 (m, 2H), 5.43 (d,t,
1 H, J = 51.5, 3.2 Hz), 4.97 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3 Hz), 4.48 - 4.38 (m, 2H), 3.98 - 3.56 (m, 4H),
3.27 - 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.51 (m, 1 H), 2.36 (m, 1 H), 1.79 (m, 1 H) ppm.
F. (2S,4S)-4Fluoro-1-({[(3S)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride.
To a Et20 (l mL)/dioxane (2 mL)/MeOH (0.5 L) solution containing compound E
(218 mg, 0.60 mmol) was added 2.0 mL of a 4.0 M dioxane solution of HCl. After 10
min the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue triterated with Et2θ. The Et∑O
was removed in vacuo and the residual solid pumped on under high vacuum. The solid
was triturated with Et20 and collected via vacuum filtration yielding 189 mg (0.47
mmol, 79% yield) of compound F as an off-white solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.35 - 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.10 - 7.06 (m, 2H), 5.48 (d(br),
1 H, J = 51.5 Hz), 5.03 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3 Hz), 4.86 - 4.44 (m, 2H), 4.33 - 4.16 (m, 2H), 3.98
(m, l H), 3.79 (ddd, 1 H, 7 = 37.2, 12.1 , 3.3 Hz), 3.39 - 3.34 (m, 2H), 2.71 - 2.39 (m, 2H),
2.07 (m, 1 H) ppm.
Example 5
A. (2S,4S)-1 -{[(1-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]acetyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2- carbonitrile
(25,4S)-1-(Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier) (41 1
mg, 1.75 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 4-amino-1-benzylpiperidine (393 μL, 1.93 mmol, 1.1 eq)
were taken up in CHsCN (20 mL, 0.1 M). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (610 μL, 3.5 mmol,
2.0 eq) was then added and the resulting mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction
was quenched with 1.0 M NaOH (ca 5 mL) and then poured into H2O. The organics
were extracted with EtOAc (3X), combined and dried over a2S04. The solvent was
concentrated in vacuo and then the residue purified via flash chromatography using
an initial mobile phase of 1% MeOH (with 0.1% NH3) in CH2CI2 then ramping to 5%
MeOH (with 0.1% NH3) in CH2CI2 affording 202 mg (0.586 mmol, 33% yield) of a white
fluffy solid. To form the HCl salt, the free base was taken up in Et2θ and acetone
added until all solids were in solution. 2.0 M HCl in ether was added dropwise until no
more precipitate formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed several times
with Et2θ. The resulting salt was dried under high vacuum.
1H NMR (D2O) 400 MHz δ 7.38-7.33 (m, 5H), 5.45 (d, 1 H, J = 50.5 Hz), 4.91 (d, 1 H, J
= 9.4 Hz), 4.19 (s, 2H), 4.05 (ABq, 2H, J = 43.6, 16.4 Hz), 3.83 (m, 1 H), 3.63 (m, 1 H), 3.52
(d, 2H, J = 12.6 Hz), 3.41 (m, 1 H), 3.04 (t, 2H, J = 12.5 Hz), 2.60 (t, 1 H, J = 15.3 Hz),
2.37 (m, 1 H), 2.27 (d, 2H, J = 13.8 Hz), 1.85-1.74 (m, 2H) ppm.
Example 6
(2S45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[l -(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl3amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. fert-butyl 1 -(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate.
To a p-xylene (25 mL) solution containing 4-fluorobromobenzene (275 μL, 2.5
mmol, 1.0 eq), 4-N-BOC-aminopiperidine (1.0 g, 4.99 mmol, 2.0 eq), and potassium t-
butoxide (393 mg, 3.5 mmol, 1.4 eq) was added palladium (II) acetate (6 mg, 1 mol %)
and tri-f-butylphosphine (20 mg, 4 mol %). The resulting mixture was then heated to
120 °C for 4 h at which time it was poured into a sat. NaHCU3 solution and extracted
(2X) with EtOAc. The combined extracts were dried over MgS04 and concentrated in
vacuo. The resulting oil was purified via column chromatography using 1 :1
hexanes/EtOAc as the mobile phase. Isolated 485 mg (1.65 mmol, 67% yield).
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 6.96-6.84 (m, 4H), 4.48 (s(br), 1 H), 3.58 (s(br), 1 H), 3.48
(d, 2H, J = 12.8 Hz), 2.81 (t, 2H, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.06 (d, 2H, J = 12.0 Hz), 1.58-1.52 (m,
1 1 H) ppm.
B. 1 -(4-Fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-amine.
Compound A (485 mg, 1.65 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added to a stirred mixture of 4.0 M
HCl in dioxane (2.9 mL) and 2.0 M HCl in Et2θ (2.9 mL). The resulting mixture was
stirred at RT for 18 h at which time EteO was added, the resulting white precipitate
filtered, and washed several times with Et2θ. The resulting salt was dried under high
vacuum. Isolated 285 mg (1.24 mmol, 75% yield) of a tan solid. Used in next step without further purification.
C. (2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2- carbonitrile.
(2S,4S)-1-(Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier) (265 mg, 1.13 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound B (285 mg, 1.24 mmol, 1.1 eq) were taken
up in CHsCN (15 mL, 0.1 M). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (433 μL, 2.49 mmol, 2.2 eq)
was then added and the resulting mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was
quenched with 1.0 M NaOH (ca 5 mL) and then poured into H2O. The organics were
extracted with EtOAc (3X), combined and dried over Na2S04. The solvent was
concentrated in vacuo and then the residue purified via flash chromatography using
an initial mobile phase of 1% MeOH (with 0.1% NH3) in CH2CI2 then ramping to 3%
MeOH (with 0.1% NH3) in CH2CI2 affording 1 12 mg (0.321 mmol, 28% yield) of a tan
fluffy solid. To form the HCl salt, the free base was taken up in Et2θ and acetone
added until all solids were in solution. 2.0 M HCl in ether was added dropwise until no
more precipitate formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed several times
with Et2θ. The resulting salt was dried under high vacuum.
Η NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.49 (s(br), 2H), 7.24 (t, 2H, J = 8.1 Hz), 5.56 (d, 1 H,
J = 50.8 Hz), 5.07 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3 Hz), 4.32 (Abq, 2H, J = 64.9, 16.4 Hz), 4.03 (m, 1 H),
3.88-3.75 (m, 3H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.41 (t, 2H, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.67-2.39 (m, 4H), 2.19-2.09
(m, 2H) ppm.
Example 7
(25,45)-1-({[1-(4-Cyanophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. Tert-butyl 1 -(4-cyanophenyl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate.
A DMSO (25 mL, 0.1 M) solution containing 4-N-BOC-aminopiperidine (500 mg, 2.5
mmol, 1.0 eq), 4-fluorobenzonitrile (303 mg, 2.5 mmol, 1.0 eq), and potassium carbonate (691 mg, 5.0 mmol, 2.0 eq) was heated to 100 °C for 18 h. The resulting
mixture was cooled to RT, poured in H2O (ca 50 mL), and extracted (3X) with EtOAc.
The combined extracts were washed (2X) with H2O, dried over MgSθ4, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was used in the next step without further
purification. Isolated 642 mg (2.13 mmol, 85% yield).
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.48 (d, 2H, J = 9.1 Hz), 6.86 (d, 2H, J = 9.2 Hz), 4.46
(s(br), 1 H), 3.79 (d, 2H, J = 13.1 Hz), 3.68 (s(br), 1 H), 3.01 (t, 2H, - = 14.3 Hz), 2.06 (d,
2H, J = 13.6 Hz), 1.51-1.41 (m, 1 l H) ppm.
B. 4-(4-Aminopiperidin-1-yl)benzonitrile.
To a CH2CI2 (50 mL) solution containing trifluoroacetic acid (2.5 mL) was added
compound A (642 mg, 2.13 mmol, 1.0 eq). The resulting pale yellow solution was
stirred at RT for 18 h at which time the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting
TFA salt was used in the next step without further purification. Isolated 618 mg (2.13
mmol, 100% yield) of an amber semi-solid.
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.83 (s(br), 2H), 7.58 (d, 2H, _/ = 9.1 Hz), 7.03 (d, 2H,
J = 9.3 Hz), 3.98 (d, 2H, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.28 (m, 1 H), 2.96 (t, 2H, J = 12.2 Hz), 1.91 (d, 2H,
J = 15.2 Hz), 1.51-1.41 (m, 2H) ppm.
C. (25,4S)-1-({[1-(4-Cyanophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2- carbonitrile.
(2S,45)-1 -(Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier)
(501 mg, 2.13 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound B (618 mg, 2.13 mmol, 1.0 eq) were taken
up in CHsCN (25 mL, 0.1 M). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (779 μL, 4.47 mmol, 2.1 eq)
was then added and the resulting mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was
quenched with 1.0 M NaOH (ca 10 mL) and then poured into H2O. The organics were
extracted with EtOAc (3X), combined and dried over Na2S04. The solvent was
concentrated in vacuo and then the residue purified via flash chromatography using
an initial mobile phase of 1% MeOH (with 0.1% NH3) in CH2CI2 then ramping to 3%
MeOH (with 0.1% NHs) in CH2CI2 affording 276 mg (0.777 mmol, 36% yield) of a tan
fluffy solid. To form the HCl salt, the free base was taken up in Et2θ and acetone
added until all solids were in solution. 2.0 M HCl in ether was added dropwise until no
more precipitate formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed several times
with Et2U. The resulting salt was dried under high vacuum.
1H NMR (D2O) 400 MHz δ 7.51 (d, 2H, J = 9.2 Hz), 6.97 (d, 2H, J = 9.2 Hz), 5.47 (d,
1 H, J = 50.7 Hz), 4.92 (d, 1 H, J = 9.5 Hz), 4.08 (Abq, 2H, J = 46.7, 16.6 Hz), 3.89-3.81
(m, 3H), 3.65 (m, 1 H), 3.38 (m, 1 H), 2.86 (t, 2H, J = 1 1.9 Hz), 2.61 (t, 1 H, J = 16.2 Hz),
2.38 (m, 1 H), 2.08 (d, 2H, J = 16.7 Hz), 1.65-1.54 (m, 2H) ppm.
Example 8
(25,45)- 1-({[1-(4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. Tert-butyl 1-(4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate.
A DMSO (25 mL, 0.1 M) solution containing 4-N-BOC-aminopiperidine (500 mg,
2.5 mmol, 1.0 eq), 2,4-difluorobenzonitrile (348 mg, 2.5 mmol, 1.0 eq), and potassium
carbonate (691 mg, 5.0 mmol, 2.0 eq) was heated to 100 °C for 18 h. The resulting
mixture was cooled to RT, poured in H2O (ca 50 mL), and extracted (3X) with EtOAc.
The combined extracts were washed (2X) with H2O, dried over MgSθ4, and
concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was purified via flash chromatography
using 1 :1 hexanes/EtOAc as the mobile phase. Isolated 530 mg (1.66 mmol, 66%
yield).
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.40 (t, 1 H, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.62 (d, 1 H, J = 9.0 Hz), 6.56 (d,
1 H, J = 13.0 Hz), 4.45 (s(br), 1 H), 3.78-3.66 (m, 3H), 3.04 (t, 2H, J = 1 1.7 Hz), 2.06 (d,
2H, J = 12.6 Hz), 1.49-1.39 (m, 1 1 H) ppm.
B. 4-(4-Aminopiperidin-1 -yl)-2-fluorobenzonitrile.
To a CH2CI2 (40 mL) solution containing trifluoroacetic acid (4 mL) was added
compound A (530 mg, 1.66 mmol, 1.0 eq). The resulting pale yellow solution was
stirred at RT for 18 h at which time the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting
TFA salt was used in the next step without further purification. Isolated 553 mg (1.66 mmol, 100% yield) of an amber semi-solid.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.50 (t, 1 H, J = 8.3 Hz), 6.86-6.83 (m, 2H), 4.08 (d,
2H, J = 13.8 Hz), 3.39 (m, 1 H), 3.06 (t, 2H, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.08 (d, 2H, J = 1 1.9 Hz), 1.67- 1.58 (m, 2H) ppm.
C. (25,45)-1-({[1-(4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile.
(2S,45)-1 -(Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier)
(449 mg, 1.91 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound B (700 mg, 2.1 mmol, 1.1 eq) were taken
up in CHsCN (25 mL, 0.1 M). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (699 μL, 4.01 mmol, 2.1 eq)
was then added and the resulting mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was
quenched with 1.0 M NaOH (ca 10 mL) and then poured into H2O. The organics were
extracted with EtOAc (3X), combined and dried over Na2S04. The solvent was
concentrated in vacuo and then the residue purified via flash chromatography using
an initial mobile phase of 1% MeOH (with 0.1% NH3) in CH2CI2 then ramping to 3%
MeOH (with 0.1% NHs) in CH2CI2 affording 266 mg (0.712 mmol, 37% yield) of a tan
fluffy solid. To form the HCl salt, the free base was taken up in Et2θ and acetone
added until all solids were in solution. 2.0 M HCl in ether was added dropwise until no
more precipitate formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed several times
with Et2U. The resulting salt was dried under high vacuum.
]H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.50 (t, 1 H, J = 7.7 Hz), 6.86-6.83 (m, 2H), 5.55 (d,
1 H, J = 51.3 Hz), 5.05 (d, 1 H, J = 9.5 Hz), 4.26-3.73 (m, 6H), 3.46 (m, 1 H), 3.04 (t, 2H, J
= 12.8 Hz), 2.71-2.39 (m, 2H), 2.22 (d, 2H, J = 10.5 Hz), 1.74-1.63 (m, 2H) ppm.
(2S45)-1-({[l-(4-Cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl3amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. Tert-butyl 1 -(4-cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate
A DMSO (25 mL, 0.1 M) solution containing 4-N-BOC-aminopiperidine (500 mg, 2.5
mmol, 1.0 eq), 2,4,6-trifluorobenzonitrile (393 mg, 2.5 mmol, 1.0 eq), and potassium
carbonate (691 mg, 5.0 mmol, 2.0 eq) was heated to 100 °C for 18 h. The resulting
mixture was cooled to RT, poured in H2O (ca 50 mL), and extracted (3X) with EtOAc.
The combined extracts were washed (2X) with H2O, dried over MgS04, and
concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was purified via flash chromatography
using 1 :1 hexanes/EtOAc as the mobile phase. Isolated 594 mg (1.76 mmol, 70% yield).
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 6.37 (d, 2H, J = 1 1.3 Hz), 4.46 (s(br), 1 H), 3.76-3.69 (m,
3H), 3.07 (t, 2H, J = 1 1.4 Hz), 2.08 (d, 2H, J = 12.8 Hz), 1.48-1.38 (m, 11 H) ppm.
B. 4-(4-Aminopiperidin-1-yl)-2,6-difluorobenzonitrile.
To a CH2CI2 (40 mL) solution containing trifluoroacetic acid (4 mL) was added
compound A (594 mg, 1.76 mmol, 1.0 eq). The resulting pale yellow solution was
stirred at RT for 18 h at which time the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting
TFA salt was used in the next step without further purification. Isolated 620 mg (1.76 mmol, 100% yield) of an amber semi-solid.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 6.75 (d, 2H, J = 12.1 Hz), 4.08 (d, 2H, ./ = 13.9 Hz),
3.40 (m, 1 H), 3.10 (t, 2H, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.09 (d, 2H, J = 1 1.9 Hz), 1.65-1.55 (m, 2H) ppm.
C. (25,45)-1-({[l-(4-Cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile.
(25,45)- 1 -(Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier) (376 mg, 1.60 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound B (620 mg, 1.76 mmol, 1.1 eq) were taken up in
CHsCN (20 mL, 0.1 M). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (585 μL, 3.36 mmol, 2.1 eq) was
then added and the resulting mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was
quenched with 1.0 M NaOH (ca 5 mL) and then poured into H2O. The organics were
extracted with EtOAc (3X), combined and dried over a2SU4. The solvent was
concentrated in vacuo and then the residue purified via flash chromatography using an initial mobile phase of 1% MeOH (with 0.1% NH3) in CH2CI2 then ramping to 3%
MeOH (with 0.1% NHs) in CH2CI2 affording 235 mg (0.6 mmol, 38% yield) of a tan
fluffy solid. To form the HCl salt, the free base was taken up in Et2θ and acetone
added until all solids were in solution. 2.0 M HCl in ether was added dropwise until no
more precipitate formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed several times
with Et2θ. The resulting salt was dried under high vacuum.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 6.76 (d, 2H, J = 1 1.9 Hz), 5.55 (d, 1 H, J = 51.2 Hz),
5.05 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3 Hz), 4.26-3.73 (m, 6H), 3.47 (m, 1 H), 3.09 (t, 2H, J = 14.5 Hz), 2.66-
2.40 (m, 2H), 2.22 (d, 2H, J = 10.0 Hz), 1.71-1.61 (m, 2H) ppm.
Example 10
(2S45)-1 -({[1-(3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. Tert-butyl 1-(3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate A DMSO (25 mL, 0.1 M) solution containing 4-N-BOC-aminopiperidine (500 mg, 2.5
mmol, 1.0 eq), 3,5-difluorobenzonitrile (348 mg, 2.5 mmol, 1.0 eq), and potassium
carbonate (691 mg, 5.0 mmol, 2.0 eq) was heated to 100 °C for 18 h. The resulting
mixture was cooled to RT, poured in H2O (ca 50 mL), and extracted (3X) with EtOAc.
The combined extracts were washed (2X) with H2O, dried over MgS04, and
concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was purified via flash chromatography
using 1 :1 hexanes/EtOAc as the mobile phase. Isolated 677 mg (2.12 mmol, 85%
yield).
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 6.88 (s, 1 H), 6.76-6.72 (m, 2H), 4.46 (s(br), 1 H), 3.69-
3.58 (m, 3H), 2.95 (t, 2H, J = 1 1.4 Hz), 2.06 (d, 2H, J = 1 1.5 Hz), 1.52-1.40 (m, 1 1 H)
ppm.
B. 3-(4-Aminopiperidin-1-yl)-5-fluorobenzonitrile.
To a CH2CI2 (40 L) solution containing trifluoroacetic acid (4 L) was added
compound A (677 mg, 2.12 mmol, 1.0 eq). The resulting pale yellow solution was
stirred at RT for 18 h at which time the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting
TFA salt was used in the next step without further purification. Isolated 707 mg (2.12
mmol, 100% yield) of an amber semi-solid.
1H NMR (d6-DMS0) 400 MHz δ 7.82 (s(br), 2H), 7.22 (s, 1 H), 7.14 (d, 1 H, J = 13.0
Hz), 7.04 (d, 1 H, J = 8.1 Hz), 3.90 (d, 2H, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.24 (m, 1 H), 2.90 (t, 2H, J = 12.3
Hz), 1.88 (d, 2H, J = 13.6 Hz), 1.52-1.42 (m, 2H) ppm.
C. (25,45)-1 -({[l-(3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile.
(2S45)-1-(Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier) (454
mg, 1.93 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound B (707 mg, 2.12 mmol, 1.1 eq) were taken up in
CHsCN (25 mL, 0.1 M). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (706 μL, 4.05 mmol, 2.1 eq) was
then added and the resulting mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was
quenched with 1.0 M NaOH (ca 5 mL) and then poured into H2O. The organics were
extracted with EtOAc (3X), combined and dried over Na2S04. The solvent was
concentrated in vacuo and then the residue purified via flash chromatography using
an initial mobile phase of 1% MeOH (with 0.1% NHa) in CH2CI2 then ramping to 2%
MeOH (with 0.1% NHs) in CH2CI2 affording 269 mg (0.721 mmol, 37% yield) of a tan
fluffy solid. To form the HCl salt, the free base was taken up in Et∑O and acetone
added until all solids were in solution. 2.0 M HCl in ether was added dropwise until no
more precipitate formed. The precipitate was then filtered and washed several times
with Et∑O. The resulting salt was dried under high vacuum.
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 9.15 (s(br), 1 H), 7.26 (s, 1 H), 7.17 (d, 1 H, J= 13.1
Hz), 7.07 (d, 1 H, J = 8.0 Hz), 5.61 (d, 1 H, J = 52.1 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1 H, J = 9.0 Hz), 4.28-3.77
(m, 6H), 3.23 (m, 1 H), 2.82 (t, 2H, J = 12.8 Hz), 2.56-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.09 (d, 2H, J = 11.4
Hz), 1.65-1.54 (m, 2H) ppm.
Example 1 1
(25,45)-1 -({[l-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-
2-carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. Tert-butyl 1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate
A DMSO (25 mL, 0.1 M) solution containing 4-N-BOC-aminopiperidine (500 mg, 2.5
mmol, 1.0 eq), 1 ,3,5-trifluorobenzene (256 μL, 2.5 mmol, 1.0 eq), and potassium
carbonate (691 mg, 5.0 mmol, 2.0 eq) was heated to 100 °C for 18 h. The resulting
mixture was cooled to RT, poured in H2O (ca 50 mL), and extracted (3X) with EtOAc.
The combined extracts were washed (2X) with H2O, dried over MgS04, and
concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was purified via flash chromatography
using 1 :1 Hexane/EtOAc as the mobile phase. Isolated 572 mg (1.83 mmol, 73% yield).
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 6.36 (d, 2H, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.24 (t, 1 H, J = 9.0 Hz), 4.45
(s(br), 1 H), 3.68-3.58 (m, 3H), 2.91 (t, 2H, 7 = 13.2 Hz), 2.04 (d, 2H, J = 13.0 Hz), 1.52- 1.42 (m, 1 1 H) ppm.
B. 1-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-amine.
To a CH2CI2 (40 mL) solution containing trifluoroacetic acid (4 mL) was added
compound A (572 mg, 1.83 mmol, 1.0 eq). The resulting pale yellow solution was
stirred at RT for 18 h at which time the solvent was removed in vacuo. The resulting
TFA salt was used in the next step without further purification. Isolated 597 mg (1.83
mmol, 100% yield) of an amber semi-solid.
1H NMR (dβ-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.80 (s(br), 2H), 6.63 (d, 2H, J = 9.4 Hz), 6.46 (t, 1 H,
J = 9.2 Hz), 3.83 (d, 2H, J = 13.3 Hz), 3.23 (m, 1 H), 2.87 (t, 2H, -/ = 13.8 Hz), 1.88 (d, 2H,
= 12.2 Hz), 1.52-1.46 (m, 2H) ppm.
C. (25,45)-1-({[l-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile.
(25,45)-1-(Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier) (280
mg, 1.19 mmol, 1.0 eq) and compound B (429 mg, 1.31 mmol, 1.1 eq) were taken up in
CHsCN (20 mL). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (435 μL, 2.5 mmol, 2.1 eq) was then added
and the resulting mixture stirred at RT overnight. The reaction was quenched with 1.0
M NaOH (ca 5 mL) and then poured into H2O. The organics were extracted with EtOAc
(3X), combined and dried over Na2S04. The solvent was concentrated in vacuo and
then the residue purified via flash chromatography using an initial mobile phase of
10/0 MeOH (with 0.10/0 NH3) in CH2CI2 then ramping to 2% MeOH (with 0.1% NHa) in
CH2CI2 affording 174 mg (0.475 mmol, 40% yield) of a tan fluffy solid, to form the
HCl salt, the free base was taken up in Et2θ and acetone added until all solids were in
solution. 2.0 M HCl in ether was added dropwise until no more precipitate formed.
The precipitate was then filtered and washed several times with Et2θ. The resulting
salt was dried under high vacuum.
1H NMR (D2O) 400 MHz δ 6.59 (d, 2H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.43 (t, 1 H, J = 9.2 Hz), 5.48 (d,
1 H, J = 50.8 Hz), 4.93 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3 Hz), 4.10 (Abq, 2H, J = 46.3, 16.3 Hz), 3.86 (m, 1 H),
3.73-3.59 (m, 3H), 3.38 (m, 1 H), 2.85 (t, 2 , J = 13.5 Hz), 2.63 (t, 1 H, J = 15.8 Hz), 2.38
(m, 1 H), 2.12 (d, 2H, = 13.4 Hz), 1.72-1.63 (m, 2H) ppm.
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(4-phenylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride
A. [(4-Phenylcyclohexyl)amino]acetic acid.
To a MeOH solution (130 mL) containing glycine (5.0 g, 66.6 mmol) and 4-
phenylcyclohexanone (12.76 g, 73.3 mmol) was added NaCNBHa (3.34 g, 53.1 mmol).
After stirring for 12 hrs the white slurry was collected via vacuum filtration and
washed with MeOH. The precipitate was dried on the high vacuum line to yield 10.4g
(44.5 mmol, 66% yield) of the product A as a pure white solid.
1H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.29-7.08 (m, 5H), 3.17 (s, 1 H), 2.85 (s, 2H), 2.46-
2.35 (m, 1 H), 2.35-2.23 (m, 1 H), 1.87 (d, 2H, J= 14.6 Hz), 1.73 (d, 2H, J= 1 1.5 Hz), 1.48-
1.30 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.00 (m, 2H) ppm.
B. [(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)(4-phenylcyclohexyl)amino]acetic acid.
To a (1 :1) dioxane/H2θ solution (12 mL) containing compound A (0.5 g, 2.14 mmol)
and NaOH (0.21g, 5.35 mmol) was added di-tert-butyldicarbonate(1.17 g, 5.35 mmol).
After stirring for 12 hr the pH of the solution was reduced to 3 with 1.0 M HCl. The
organics were extracted with EtOAc (3X) and the combined organics washed with H2O
(3X). After drying over MgS04 the solvents were reduced in vacuo to yield 312 mg
(0.94 mmol, 44% yield) of the product B as a pure white solid.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.31-7.06 (m, 5H), 4.16-3.98 (m, 1 H), 3.98-3.88 (m,
2H), 2.57-2.43 (m, 1 H), 1.98-1.81 (m, 4H), 1.73-1.34 (m, 13H) ppm.
C. Tert-butyl 2-[(25,45)-2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1 -yl]-2-oxoethyl(4-
phenylcyclohexyOcarbamate.
To a DMF solution (2 mL) containing compound B (0.2 g, 0.60 mmol) was added
diisopropylethylamine (70 mg, 0.60 mmol) and HATU (0.23 g, 0.60 mmol). After
stirring at RT for 1 hr a DMF solution (2 mL) containing (2S, 4S)-4-fluoro-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (0.16 g, 0.544 mmol) and
diisopropylethyl amine (70 mg, 0.60 mmol) was added. The reaction stirred for 12 hr
after which it was poured into H2O and the organics extracted with EtOAc (3X). The
combined organics were washed with NaHC03, dried over MgS04 and the solvent
reduced in vacuo. The product was purified via column chromatography
(CH2Cb/Me0H (19:1)) yielding 0.14g (0.34 mmol, 63% yield) of the product C as a white solid.
1H NMR (d4-Me0H) 400 MHz δ 7.28-7.09 (m, 5H), 5.52 (d, 1H, J= 51.7 Hz), 4.97 (d,
l H, -/= 8.8 Hz), 4.20-3.71 (m, 6H), 2.74-2.31 (m, 4H), 2.02-1.81 (m, 4H), 1.71-1.35 (m, 13H) ppm.
D. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(4-phenylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride.
To a dioxane solution (3 mL) containing compound C (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) was
added 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (0.3 mL, 1.12 mmol). After stirring for 1 hr the solvents
were reduced in vacuo and the solution triterated with Et2θ. A white precipitate
crashed out which was collected by vacuum filtration and dried on the high vacuum
pump yielding 32 mg (0.09 mmol, 76% yield) of the product D as a pale yellow solid.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.36-7.10 (m, 5H), 5.58 (d, 1 H, J= 51.5 Hz), 5.06 (d,
1 H, J= 9.5 Hz), 4.37-3.65 (m, 5H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 1 H), 2.73-2.41 (m, 3H), 2.35-2.20 (m,
2H), 2.14-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.49 (m, 3H) ppm.
Example 13
azabicyclo[3.2.l]octane-8-carboxylate hydrochloride
A. N-[8-(Ethoxycarbonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.l]oct-3-yl]glycine.
A MeOH solution (310 mL) containing glycine (10.0 g, 133.2 mmoL) and ethyl 3-
oxo-8-azabicyclo[3.2.l]-8-carboxylate (28.9 g, 146.5 mmoL) had sodium
cyanoborohydride (6.70 g, 106.6 mmoL) added to it. After 2 days the bulk of the MeOH was removed in vacuo and the beige tacky oil triterated repeatedly with ether
to yield an extremely hydroscopic tan solid that was taken on crude.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 4.31 (s(br), 1 H), 4.21 (s(br), 1 H), 4.17-4.05 (m, 2H),
3.22 (s, 2H), 2.95-2.87 (m, 1 H), 2.20-2.04 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.88 (m, 3H), 1.79-1.54 (m, 3H),
1.30-1.19 (m, 3H) ppm.
B. {(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)[8-(ethoxycarbonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-
yl]amino}acetic acid.
To a (1 :1) dioxane/H2θ solution (15 mL) containing compound A (2.0 g, 7.80 mmol)
and NaOH (0.78 g, 19.5 mmol) was added di-tert-butyldicarbonate (4.23 g, 19.5
mmol). After stirring for 12 hr the pH of the solution was reduced to 3 with 1.0 M
HCl. The organics were extracted with EtOAc (3X) and the combined organics washed
with H2O (3X). After drying over MgS04 the solvent was reduced in vacuo to yield
1.93 g (5.41 mmol, 70% yield) of the product B as a tan solid.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 4.29 (s(br), 2H), 4,20-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.63 (m,
3H), 2.34 (s(br), 1 H), 1.98 (s(br), 2H), 1.86-1.62 (m, 3H), 1.53-1.32 (m, 1 1 H), 1.21-1.21 (m, 3H) ppm.
C. Ethyl 3-((fert-butoxycarbonyl){2-[(25,45)-2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-
oxoethyl}amino)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.l]octane-8-carboxylate.
To a DMF solution (7 mL) containing compound B (0.68 g, 1.92 mmol) was added
diisopropylethyl amine (0.25 g, 1.92 mmol) and HATU (0.73 g, 1.92mmol). After
stirring at RT for 30 min a DMF solution (3 mL) containing (2S, 4S)-4-fluoro-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (0.5g, 1.75 mmol) and
diisopropylethyl amine (0.25 g, 1.92 mmol) was added. The reaction stirred for 12 hr after which it was poured into H2O and the organics extracted with EtOAc (3X). The
combined organics were washed with NaHC03, dried over MgSU4 and the solvent
reduced in vacuo. The brown oil was purified via column chromatography
(ObCb/MeOH (9:1)) yielding 0.35 g (0.77 mmol, 43% yield) of the product C as a
white tacky solid.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 5.51 (d, 1 H, J= 51.3 Hz), 4.96 (d, 1 H, J= 9.5 Hz), 4.30
(s(br), 2H), 4.24-3.62 (m, 7H), 2.80 (s, 2H), 2.73-2.25 (m, 4H), 2.07-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.88-
1.58 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.33 (m, 9H), 1.33-1.17 (m, 3H) ppm.
D. Ethyl 3-({2-[(25,45)-2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}amino)-8-
azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate hydrochloride.
To a dioxane solution (2 mL) containing compound C (0.35 g, 0.77 mmol) was
added 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (2 mL, 7.7 mmol). After stirring for 1 hr the solvents were
reduced in vacuo and the solution triturated with Et.20. A white precipitate crashed
out which was collected by vacuum filtration and dried on the high vacuum pump yielding 50 mg (0.13 mmol, 17% yield) of the product D as a pale yellow solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 5.54 (d, 1 H, J= 52 Hz), 5.04 (d, 1 H, J= 9 Hz), 4.39
(s(br), 2H), 4.25-3.69 (m, 6H), 3.27-3.13 (m, 1 H), 2.71-2.37 (m, 4H), 2.12-2.03 (m, 2H),
1.86-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.26 (t, 3H, J= 7.2 Hz) ppm.
(2S45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. {[4-(4-Fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]amino}acetic acid.
To a MeOH solution (5 mL) containing glycine (0.18 g, 2.37 mmol) and 4-(4-
fluorophenyl)cyclohexanone (see J. Med. Chem., 15, 1235 (1972); Lednicer, D. et al. for
preparation of this compound) (0.5 g, 2.6 mmol) was added NaCNBH3 (0.12 g, 1.89
mmol). After stirring for 12 hrs the solvents were reduced in vacuo and the residue
triterated with Et∑O and hexanes resulting in the precipitation of a white solid which
was collected via vacuum filtration. The solid was purified via column chromatography
(CteCfe/MeOH (19:1)) yielding 0.45 g (1.79 mmol, 76% yield) of the product A as a 3:1 mixture of diastereomers.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.38-7.27 (m, 2H minor), 7.27-7.18 (m, 2H major),
7.08-6.93 (m, 4H major + minor), 3.52 (s, 4H major + minor), 3.45-3.35 (m, 1 H minor),
3.23-3.06 (m, 1 H major), 2.83-2.71 (m, 1 H minor), 2.64-2.51 (m, 1 H major), 2.29-2.14 (m, 2H major), 2.07-1.76 (m, 8H major + minor), 1.66-1.48 (m, 6H major + minor) ppm.
B. {(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)[4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]amino}acetic acid. To a (3:2) dioxane/H20 solution (5 mL) containing a 3:1 diastereomeric mixture of
compound A (0.45 g, 1.79 mmol) and NaOH (0.18 g, 4.48 mmol) was added di-tert-
butyldicarbonate (0.98 g, 4.48 mmol). After stirring for 12 hrs the pH of the solution
was reduced to 3 with 1.0 M HCl. The organics were extracted with EtOAc (3X) and
the combined organics washed with H2O (3X). After drying over MgS04 the solvents
were reduced in vacuo to yield 0.27 g (0.77 mmol, 43% yield) of product B as a 3:1
mixture of diastereomers.
1H NMR (d4-Me0H) 400 MHz δ 7.4-7.34 (m, 2H minor), 7.26-7.18 (m, 2H major),
7.07-6.93 (m, 4H major + minor), 4.10-4.00 (m, 1 H major), 3.92 (s, 2H minor), 3.86 (s,
2H major), 3.68-3.65 (m, 1 H minor), 3.00-2.97 (m, 1 H minor), 2.55-2.44 (m, 1 H major),
2.32-2.23 (m, 2H minor), 1.97-1.82 (m, 6H major + minor), 1.68-1.51 (m, 8H major +
minor), 1.51 -1.38 (m, 18H major + minor) ppm.
C. Tert-butyl 2-[(25,45)-2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl[4-(4-
fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]carbamate.
To a CH2CI2 solution (3 mL) containing a 3:1 mixture of compound B (0.27g, 0.76
mmol) was added H0BT (0.16g, 1.15 mmol) and EDC (0.16g, 0.85 mmol). After stirring
at RT for 30 min a CH2Cbsolution (2 mL) containing (2S, 4S)-4-fluoro-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 0(.24g, 0.85 mmol) and
diisopropylethyl amine (0.1 1 g, 0.85 mmol) were added. The reaction stirred for 12 hrs
after which it was poured into H2O and the organics extracted with EtOAc (3X). The
combined organics were washed with NaHC03, dried over MgS04 and the solvent
reduced in vacuo. The colorless oil was recrystallized from Et2θ yielding 145 mg of the
product which underwent further purification via semi-prep HPLC yielding 90 mg
(0.20 mmol, 26% yield) of the trans product C.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.26-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.02-6.91 (m, 2H), 5.53 (d, 1 H, J=
52 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1 H, J= 9.3 Hz), 4.19-3.71 (m, 5H), 2.30-2.72 (m, 3H), 2.03-1.80 (M, 4H),
1.69-1.51 (m, 4H), 1.51-1.35 (m, 9H) ppm.
D. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride.
To a dioxane solution (1 mL) containing compound C (0.09 g, 0.20 mmol) was
added 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (0.5 mL, 1.98 mmol) and 2.0 M HCl in Et20 (0.5 mL, 0.99
mmol. After stirring for 1 hr the solvents were reduced in vacuo and the solution
triterated with Et∑O. A white precipitate crashed out which was collected by vacuum
filtration and dried on the high vacuum pump yielding 15 mg (.039 mmol, 20% yield)
of the product D as a white solid.
Η NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.26-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.04-6.97 (m, 2H), 5.55 (d, 1 H, J=
52 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1 H, J= 9.3 Hz), 4.25-3.73 (m, 5H), 3.24 (s(br), 1 H), 2.72-2.40 (m, 3H),
2.27 (s(br), 2H), 2.02 (s(br), 2H), 1.67-1.55 (m, 4H) ppm.
Example 15
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexyl}amino)acetyl]
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. ({4-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexyl}amino)acetic acid.
To a MeOH solution (10 mL) containing glycine (0.2 g, 2.75 mmol) and 4-
trifluoromethyl phenylcyclohexanone (see J. Med. Chem., 15, 1235 (1972); Lednicer, D.
et al. for preparation of this compound) (1.0 g, 3.99 mmol) was added NaCNBH3 (0.13
g, 2.2 mmol). After stirring for 12 hrs the white precipitate was collected via vacuum
filtration and washed with MeOH. The solid was dried on the high vacuum line to
yield 0.4 g (1.32 mmol, 50% yield) of the product A as a white solid.
Η NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.59 (d, 2H, J= 8.3 Hz), 7.44 (d, 2H, J= 8.1 Hz), 3.52
(s, 2H), 3.23-3.15 (m, 1 H), 2.7-2.64 (m, 1 H), 2.25 (d, 2H, J=10.7 Hz), 2.03 (d, 2H, J= 12
Hz), 1.69-1.53 (m, 4H) ppm.
B. (Tert-butoxycarbonyl){4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexγl}amino)acetic acid.
To a (l :l) dioxane/H2θ solution (10 mL) containing compound A (0.37 g, 1.22
mmol) and NaOH (60 mg, 1.46 mmol) was added di-tert-butyldicarbonate (0.32 g, 1.46
mmol). After stirring for 12 hrs the pH of the solution was reduced to 3 with 1.0 M
HCl. The organics were extracted with EtOAc (3X) and the combined organics washed with H2O (3X). After drying over MgSU4 the solvents were reduced in vacuo to yield
0.49 g (1.21 mmol, 55% yield) of the product B as a pure white solid.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.57 (d, 2H, J= 8.3 Hz), 7.43 (d, 2H, J= 8.2 Hz), 4.12-
4.04 (m, 1 H), 3.87 (s, 2H), 2.63-2.58 (m, 1 H), 2.00-1.87 (m, 4H), 1.7-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 9H) ppm.
C. Tert-butyl 2-[(25,45)-2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl{4-[4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexyl}carbamate. To a THF solution (3 mL) containing compound B (0.27 g, 0.67 mmol) was added
diisopropylethylamine (0.10 g, 0.74 mmol) and HATU (0.28 g, 0.74 mmol). After
stirring at RT for 1 hr a THF solution (2 mL) containing (2S, 4S)-4-fluoro-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (0.21 g, 0.74 mmol) and
diisopropylethyl amine (0.10 g, 0.74 mmol) was added. The reaction stirred for 12 hrs
after which it was poured into H2O and the organics extracted with EtOAc ,(3X). The
combined organics were washed with NaHC03l dried over MgSU4 and the solvent
reduced in vacuo. The product was purified via column chromatography
(CH∑Cb/MeOH (19:1)) yielding 0.13 g (0.26 mmol, 41% yield) of product C as a white
solid.
1H NMR (d -MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.57 (d, 2H, J= 8.3 Hz), 7.42 (d, 2H, J= 8.3 Hz), 5.53
(d, 1 H, J= 51.7 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1 H, J= 9.5 Hz), 4.21-3.62 (m, 5H), 2.73-2.33 (m, 3H), 2.06-
1.84 (m, 4H), 1.75-1.53 (m, 4H), 1.49-1.43 (m, 9H) ppm.
D. (25, 45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexyl}amino)acetyl]
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride.
To a dioxane solution (1 mL) containing compound C (0.13 g, 0.26 mmol) was
added 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (0.78 mL, 3.12 mmol) and 2.0 M HCl in Et∑O (0.78 mL, 1.56
mmol). After stirring for 1 hr the solvents were reduced in vacuo and the solution
triterated with Et∑O. A white precipitate crashed out which was collected by vacuum
filtration and dried on the high vacuum pump. The product was purified via semi-
prep HPLC yielding 48 mg (0.1 1 mmol, 42% yield) of the product D as a white solid.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 7.60 (d, 2H, J= 8.1 Hz), 7.44 (d, 2H, J= 7.9 Hz), 5.56
(d, 1 H, J= 51.2 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1 H, J= 9.3 Hz), 4.29-3.71 (m, 5H), 2.76-2.41 (m, 3H), 2.37-
2.23 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.0 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.58 (m, 4H) ppm.
Examples 16 and 17
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(4-pyridin-2-ylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride (cis £t trans, respectively)
A. 8-Pyridin-2-yl-1 ,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ol.
To a Et2θ solution (70 mL) containing 2-bromopyridine (7.62 g, 48.2 mmoL) cooled
to -78 °C was added 18.3 mL of a 2.7 M heptane solution of n-BuLi (49.7 mmoL). The
resulting dark solution stirred for 15 min at -78 °C when 1 ,4-cyclohexanedione
monoethylene ketal (7.16 g, 45.8 mmoL) in 40 mL of THF was added. The solution
stirred for 1 hr at -78 °C and was then quenched with H2O. Upon warming the
solution was poured into additional H2O and the organics were extracted with EtOAc.
After drying over MgS04 the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residual dark oil
was purified via column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc (3:2)) yielding 4.51 g (20.2 mmoL, 44% yield) of compound A.
Η NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.50 (d, 1 H, J = 4.7 Hz), 7.68 (t, 1 H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.39 (d,
1 H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.18 (m, 1 H), 5.19 (s, 1 H), 4.02 - 3.96 (m, 4H), 2.22 - 2.05 (m, 4H), 1.73 - 1.67 (m, 4H) ppm.
B. 2-(l ,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)pyridine. To a pyridine solution (50 mL) containing compound A (5.69 g, 25.5 mL) cooled to
0 °C was added thionyl chloride (15.2 g, 127.6 mmoL) dropwise. The resulting solution
stirred for 2 hr at 0 °C and was then poured onto crushed ice. The organics were
extracted with CH2CI2 and the aqueous layer made basic with 2.0 M NaOH and
extracted again with CH2CI2. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSU4) and the
solvent removed in vacuo yielding 4.86 g (23.7 mmoL, 93% yield) of compound B as
an orange oil which was taken on crude.
'H NMR (CDCb), 400 MHz δ 8.53 (d, 1 H, J = 4.6 Hz), 7.61 (t, 1 H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.38 (d,
1 H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.10 (m, 1 H), 6.57 (s(br), 1 H), 4.01 (s, 4H), 2.80 - 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.51
(s(br), 2H), 1.93 (t, 2H, J = 6.5 Hz) ppm.
C. 2-(1 ,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)pyridine.
A 2-neck flask containing compound B (4.86 g, 23.7 mmoL) and 610 mg of 10%
Pd/C in 60 mL of EtOAc was evacuated three times under vacuum followed by filling
with hydrogen via balloon (3X). After stirring under a balloon of hydrogen for 5 hr. The
solution was filtered through a bed of celite with the celite being rinsed thoroughly with CH2CI2. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude material resubjected to
the reaction conditions yielding 4.1 1 g (19.8 mmoL, 84% yield) of compound C as a
yellow oil which was taken on crude.
Η NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.53 (d, 1 H, 7 = 4.5 Hz), 7.71 (t, 1 H, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.25 (d,
1 H, 7 = 2.9 Hz), 7.19 (m, 1 H), 3.96 (s, 4H), 2.90 (m, 1 H), 2.01 - 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.86 - 1.80
(m, 4H), 1.74 - 1.67 (m, 2H) ppm.
D. 4-Pyridin-2-ylcyclohexanone. To a flask containing compound C (4.10 g, 19.8 mmoL) cooled to 0 °C was added
30 mL of TFA followed by 2 mL of H2O. After 2.5 hr the solution was carefully poured
into sat. NaHC03. The organics were extracted with CH2CI2 (2X) and then the aqueous
layer made basic with 2.0 M NaOH. After extracting with CH2CI2 the combined organic
layers were dried (MgSU4) and the solvent removed in vacuo. The residual yellow solid
was purified via column chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc (1 :1)) yielding 2.58 g (14.7
mmoL, 74% yield) of compound D.
Η NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.53 (d, 1 H, J = 4.6 Hz), 7.61 (m, 1 H), 7.18 (d, 1 H, J =
7.8 Hz), 7.13 (m, 1 H), 3.18 (m, 1 H), 2.52 - 2.48 (m, 4H), 2.31 -2.27 (m, 2H), 2.11 - 2.03
(m, 2H) ppm.
E. [(4-Pyridin-2-ylcyclohexyl)amino]acetic acid.
To a MeOH solution (10 mL) containing glycine (0.19 g, 2.59 mmol) and compound
D (0.5 g, 2.78 mmol) was added NaCNBHs (0.13 g, 2.02 mmol). After stirring for 12 hrs
the white precipitate was collected via vacuum filtration and washed with MeOH. The
precipitate was dried on the high vacuum line to yield 0.12 g (0.51 mmol, 47% yield)
of the product E as a 3:2 mixture of diastereomers.
'H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 8.45 (d, 2H major + minor, J= 4.7 Hz), 7.90-7.40 (m,
2H major + minor), 7.34 (d, 2H major + minor, J= 7.8 Hz), 7.27-7.24 (m, 2H major +
minor), 3.52 (s, 4H major + minor), 3.20-3.14 (m, 2H major + minor), 2.78-2.70 (m, 2H
major + minor), 2.62 (d, 4H major + minor, J= 1 1.8 Hz), 2.08 (d, 4H major + minor, J=
12.6 Hz), 1.75-1.53 (m, 8H major + minor) ppm.
F. [(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)(4-pyridin-2-ylcyclohexyl)amino]acetic acid.
To a (1 :1) dioxane/H2θ solution (10 mL) containing compound E as a 3:2 mixture
of diastereomers (0.5 g, 2.13 mmol) and NaOH (0.17g, 4.26 mmol) was added di-tert-
butyldicarbonate (0.93 g, 4.26 mmol). After stirring for 12 hrs the pH of the solution
was reduced to 3 with 1.0 M HCl. The organics were extracted with EtOAc (3X) and
the combined organics washed with H2O (3X). After drying over MgS04 the solvents
were reduced in vacuo to yield 0.46 g (1.37 mmol, 65% yield) of the product F as a 3:2
mixture of diastereomers.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 8.51 (d, 1 H minor, J= 3.9 Hz), 8.43 (d, 1 H major, J=
4.8 Hz), 7.85-7.74 (m, 2H major + minor), 7.50 (d, 1 H major, J= 8 Hz), 7.40-7.34 (m, 1 H
minor), 7.31 -7.21 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.01 (m, 1 H major), 3.95-3.82 (m, 4H major + minor),
3.8 (s, 1 H minor), 3.09 (s, 1 H minor), 2.76-2.64 (m, 1 H major), 2.43-2.40 (m, 2H minor),
2.07-1.81 (m, 6H major + minor), 1.81-1.52 (m, 8H), 1.52-1.37 (m, 18H major + minor) ppm.
G. Tert-butyl 2-[(25,45)-2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethγl(4-pyridin-2-
ylcyclohexyl)carbamate.
To a THF solution (6 mL) containing compound F as a 3:2 mixture of diastereomers
(0.46 g, 1.37 mmol) was added diisopropylethylamine (0.2 g, 1.37 mmol) and HATU
(0.57 g, 1.37 mmol). After stirring at RT for 1 hr a THF solution (2 mL) containing (2S,
4S)-4-fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (0.43 g, 1.37 mmol)
and diisopropylethyl amine (0.2 g, 1.37 mmol) was added. The reaction stirred for 12
hrs after which it was poured into H2O and the organics extracted with EtOAc (3X).
The combined organics were washed with NaHC03, dried over MgS04 and the solvents
reduced in vacuo. The product was purified via column chromatography
(CH∑Cb/MeOH (19:1)) yielding 0.48 g (1.12 mmol, 80% yield) of the isomeric product
as a white solid which underwent further purification via semi-prep HPLC yielding
diastereomer 1 (trans) (0.18 g, 0.4 mmol) and diastereomer 2 (cis) (0.15 g, .32 mmol).
Diastereomer 1 : 1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 8.48 (d, 1 H, J= 6.7 Hz), 7.76 (t, 1 H,
J= 8.1 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1 H, J= 6.1 Hz), 7.22-7.15 (m, 1 H), 5.47 (d, 1 H, J= 51.3 Hz), 4.92 (d,
1 H, J= 9.4 Hz), 4.01 -3.58 (m, 4H), 3.26-3.17 (m, 1 H), 3.07 (s, 1 H), 2.65-2.29 (m, 4H),
1.98-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.43-1.32 (m, 9H) ppm.
Diastereomer 2: 1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 8.42 (d, 1 H, J= 5.9 Hz), 7.78 (t, 1 H,
J= 9.1 Hz), 7.34 (d, 1 H, J= 7.8 Hz), 7.26-7.19 (m, 1 H), 5.53 (d, 1 H, J= 51.3 Hz), 4.98 (d,
1 H, J= 9.3 Hz), 4.26-3.62 (m, 5H), 2.75-2.34 (m, 3H), 2.06-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.79-1.54 (m,
4H), 1.54-1.32 (m, 9H) ppm.
H. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(4-pyridin-2-ylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride (trans).
To a ET.2O solution (2 mL) containing compound G (diastereomer 1) (0.18 g, 0.35
mmol) was added 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (2.12 mL, 8.5 mmol). After stirring for 40 min
the solvents were reduced in vacuo and the solution triturated with EtOAc. A white
precipitate crashed out of solution which was then collected by vacuum filtration and
dried on the high vacuum pump yielding 0.13 g (0.35 mmol, 100% yield) of the
product H as a white solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 8.78 (d, 1 H, J= 6.1 Hz), 8.65 (t, 1 H, J= 7.9 H), 8.17
(d, 1 H, J= 8.1 Hz), 8.00 (t, 1 H, J= 7.4 Hz), 5.55 (d, 1 H, J= 51.2 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1 H, J= 9.4
Hz, 4.29-3.68 (m, 5H), 3.58 (s, 1 H), 3.33-3.27 (m, 1 H), 2.72-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.28-2.00 (m,
7H) ppm.
I. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(4-pyridin-2-ylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride (cis).
To an Et20 solution (2 mL) containing compound G (diastereomer 2) (0.15 g, 0.35
mmol) was added 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (1.80 mL, 7 mmol). After stirring for 40 min
the solvent were reduced in vacuo and the solution triterated with EtOAc. A white
precipitate crashed out of solution which was then collected by vacuum filtration and
dried on the high vacuum pump yielding 30 mg (0.08 mmol, 21% yield) of the product
I as a white solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 8.76 (d, 1 H, J= 5.9 Hz), 8.62-8.57 (m, 1 H), 8.07 (d,
1 H, J= 8.1 Hz), 7.98 (t, 1 H, J= 6.9 Hz), 5.56 (d, 1 H, J= 51.4 Hz), 5.06 (d, 1 H, J= 9.2 Hz),
4.28-3.70 (m, 4H), 3.39-3.30 (m, 1 H), 3.23-3.12 (m, 1 H), 2.62-2.37 (m, 4H), 2.25 (d, 2H, J= 12.9 Hz), 1.87-1.69 (m, 4H) ppm.
Example 18
(2S45)-1-{[(4-Tert-butylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride
A. [(4-Tert-butylcyclohexyl)amino]acetic acid.
To a MeOH solution (100 mL) containing glycine (5.0 g, 66.6 mmol) and 4-tert-
butylcyclohexanone (1 1.30 g, 73.3 mmol) was added NaCNBHa (3.34 g, 53.3 mmol).
After stirring for 12 hrs the white slurry was collected via vacuum filtration and
washed with MeOH. The precipitate was dried on the high vacuum pump to yield 10.4
g (44.5 mmol, 66% yield) of the product A as a 3:1 mixture of diastereomers.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 3.47 (s, 2H minor), 3.46 (s, 2H major), 3.37 (s, 1 H
minor), 3.02-2.91 (m, 1 H major), 2.18-2.03 (m, 4H major + minor), 1.96-1.88 (m, 2H
major), 1.76-1.64 (m, 3H major + minor), 1.41-1.20 (m, 4H major + minor), 1.20-1.00
(m, 5H major + minor), 0.92-0.84 (m, 18H major + minor) ppm.
B. [(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)amino]acetic acid.
To a (1 :1) dioxane H2O solution (10 mL) containing compound A as a 3:1 mixture
of diastereomers (1 g, 4.70 mmol) and NaOH (0.47 g, 1 1.78 mmol) was added di-tert-
butyldicarbonate (2.56 g, 1 1.8 mmol). After stirring for 12 hrs the pH of the solution
was reduced to 3 with 1.0 M HCl. The organics were extracted with EtOAc (3X) and
the combined organics washed with H2O (3X). After drying over MgSU4 the solvents
were reduced in vacuo to yield 1.28 g (4.08 mmol, 87% yield) of the product B as a
3:1 mixture of diastereomers.
Η NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 4.04-3.65 (m, 6H major + minor), 1.86-1.66 (m, 6H
major + minor), 1.64-1.57 (m, 2H major + minor), 1.50-1.27 (m, 22H major + minor),
1.21-1.09 (m, 4H major + minor), 1.005-.98 (m, 2H), .87-.70 (m, 18H) ppm.
C. Tert-butyl 4-£ert-butylcyclohexyl{2-[(25,4S)-2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-
oxoethyl}carbamate.
To a THF solution (2 mL) containing compound B as a 3:1 mixture of diastereomers
(0.44 g, 1.41 mmol) was added diisopropylethylamine (0.2 g, 1.54 mmol) and HATU
(0.59 g, 1.54 mmol). After stirring at RT for 1 hr a THF solution (1 mL) containing (2S,
4S)-4-fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (0.44 g, 1.54 mmol)
and diisopropylethyl amine (0.2 g, 1.54 mmol) was added. The reaction stirred for 12
hrs after which it was poured into H2O and the organics extracted with EtOAc (3X).
The combined organics were washed with NaHC03, dried over MgS04 and the solvent
reduced in vacuo. The product was purified via column chromatography
(CH∑Clz/MeOH (19:1)) and underwent further purification by semi-prep HPLC yielding
0.4 g (0.98 mmol, 70% yield) of the product C as a white solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 5.51 (d, 1 H, J= 51.5 Hz), 4.96 (d, 1 H, J= 9.3 Hz),
4.20-3.67 (m, 5H), 2.72-2.31 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.72 (m, 4H), 1.50-1.37 (m, 9H), 1.37-0.91
(m, 5H), 0.90-0.82 (m, 9H) ppm.
D. (25,45)-1 -{[(4-Tert-butylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride.
To a dioxane solution (1 mL) containing compound C (0.4 g, 0.98 mmol) was added
4.0 M HCl in dioxane (4.8 mL, 19.2 mmol). After stirring for 30 min the solvents were
reduced in vacuo and the solution triturated with Et2θ. A white precipitate crashed
out of solution which was then collected by vacuum filtration and dried on the high
vacuum pump yielding 0.27 g (0.77 mmol, 79% yield) of the product D as a white
solid.
1H NMR (d4-MeOH) 400 MHz δ 5.54 (d, 1 H, J= 51.3 Hz), 5.04 (d, 1 H, J= 9.5 Hz),
4.32-3.70 (m, 4H), 3.13-2.99 (m, 1 H), 2.73-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.21 (d, 2H, J= 12.7 Hz), 1.97
(d, 2H, J= 13.1 Hz), 1.46-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.03 (m, 3H), 0.93-0.85 (m, 9H) ppm.
Example 19
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(3/?)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile and hydrochloride
A. [(35)-1-(lsopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl 2-propanesulfonate.
Potassium carbonate 1.6 g (1 1.6 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 505 mg
(5 mmol) (35)-pyrrolidinylmethanol (J.Med.Chem. 1987, 30, 171 1) and 1.42 g (10
mmol) i-propylsulfonyl chloride in 10 mL acetonitrile. The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 12 hours, then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced
pressure and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel (hexanes- EtOAc 1 :1) to
obtain 740 mg (47 % yield) of compound A.
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 4.22 (dd, J= 6.2, 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.14 (dd, J= 7.6, 10.2 Hz,
1 H), 3.58 (dd, J= 7.2, 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.43 (m, 1 H), 3.16-3.36 (m, 3H), 2.70
(m, 1 H), 2.12 (m, 1 H), 1.78 (m, 1 H), 1.43 (d, = 6.9 Hz, 6H), 1.35 (dd, J= 1.8, 6.9 Hz, 6H)
ppm.
B. (3 ?)-3-(Azidomethyl)-1 -(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidine.
A mixture of 740 mg (2.35 mmol) of compound A, (1.49 g, 10 mmol) of sodium
iodode and 0.65 g (10 mmol) of sodium azide in 5 mL DMF was stirred at 70 °C for 12
hours, then cooled to 20 °C. Ethyl acetate (50 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and then the salts were filtered. Filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and
the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (hexanes-EtOAc 1 :1) to obtain
467 mg of compound B (Yield: 85 %).
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 3.56 (dd, J= 7.1, 9.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.52 (m, 1 H), 3.30-3.45 (m,
3H), 3.22 (m, 1 H), 3.16 (dd, J = 1.7 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.49 (m, 1 H), 2.08 (m, 1 H), 1.75 (m,
1 H), 1.35 (dd, J= 2.1 , 6.8 Hz, 6H) ppm.
C. [(3/?)-1-(lsopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methanamine.
Compound B (467 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol. palladium (250
mg 10% on activated carbon) was added to the solution and the mix was stirred for
an hour under 1 atm hydrogen at 20 °C. The mixture was filtered to remove the
catalyst and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 389 mg of compound C (Yield: 94 %).
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 3.56 (dd, J= 7.4, 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.52 (m, 1 H), 3.38 (m, 1 H),
3.22 (m, 1 H), 3.13 (dd, J= 7.3, 9.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.75 (m, 1 H), 2.32 (m, 1 H), 2.07 (m, 1 H), 1.65
(m, 3H), 1.34 (dd, J= 2.2, 6.9 Hz, 6H) ppm.
D. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(3/?)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]-
2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.hydrochloride.
A solution of 1-N-bromoacetyl-(2S)-cyano-(4S)-fluoropyrrolidine (described
earlier) (389 mg, 1.65 mmol) in 5 mL acetonitrile was added to a stirred solution of 389 mg (1.88 mmol) of compound C and N,N-diisopropyl-ethylamine (258 mg, 2
mmol) in 5 mL acetonitrile at 50 °C. The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for two hours
and then cooled to room temperature. The solvent was evaporated under reduced
pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (5% methanol in
CH2CI2) affording compound D. This compound was dissolved in CH2CI2, acidified to pH
~1 with 2.0 M HCl in ether and then the solution concentrated under reduced
pressure to obtain the hydrochloride salt of compound D as a white foam (350 mg,
Yield: 53%).
H NMR (DMSO-de) 400 MHz δ 9.22 (s (broad), 2H), 5.51 (d, J= 51.6, 1 H), 5.04 (d, J=
9.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.20 (m, 1 H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.70 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.08 (m,
3H), 3.00 [ά, J= 12 Hz, 1 H), 2.60 (m, 1 H), 2.06 (m, 1 H), 1.70 (m, 1 H), 1.22 (m, 6H) ppm.
E. (2S45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(3/?)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]- 2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.
Compound D (200 mg, 0.5 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL acetonitrile and then 500
mg (3.6 mmol) of potassium carbonate was added to the solution. The mixture was
stirred for 3 hours at 20 °C and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel (5% methanol in methylene chloride) to obtain 177 mg of compound E (yield: 97%).
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 5.40 [άt, J= 3.5, 51.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.92 (d, J= 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.
85 (m, 1 H), 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.50 (m, 3H), 3.38 (m, 3H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.80 (m, 2H),
2.40 (m, 1 H), 2.05 (m, 1 H), 1.75 (s(br), 1 H), 1.68 (m, 1 H), 1.32 (dd, 2.2, 6.8 Hz, 6H) ppm.
Example 20
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(35)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile and hydrochloride
The compound was synthesized exactly as described for their diastereomers'
synthesis except (R)-pyrrolidine-3-methanol (J.Med.Chem. 1987, 30, 171 1) was used
as starting material instead of the (S)-enantiomer.
A. [(3/?)-1 -(IsopropylsulfonyOpyrrolidinyljmethanol.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 4.22 (dd, J= 6.2, 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 4.14 (dd, J= 7.6, 10.2 Hz,
1 H), 3.58 (dd, J= 7.2, 10.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 3.43 (m, 1 H), 3.16-3.36 (m, 3H), 2.70
(m, 1 H), 2.12 (m, 1 H), 1.78 (m, 1 H), 1.43 (d, J= 6.9 Hz, 6H), 1.35 (dd, J= 1.8, 6.9 Hz, 6H) ppm.
B. (35)-3-(Azidomethyl)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidine.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 3.56 (dd, J= 7.1 , 9.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.52 (m, 1 H), 3.30-3.45
(m, 3H), 3.22 (m, 1 H), 3.16 (dd, J = 1.7 Hz, 4.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.49 (m, 1 H), 2.08 (m, 1 H), 1.75 (m, 1 H), 1.35 (dd, J= 2.1 , 6.8 Hz, 6H) ppm.
C. [(35)-1-(lsopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methanamine.
Η NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 3.56 (dd, J= 7.4, 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.52 (m, 1 H), 3.38 (m, 1 H), '
3.22 (m, 1 H), 3.13 (dd, J= 7.3, 9.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.75 (m, 1 H), 2.32 (m, 1 H), 2.07 (m, 1 H), 1.65
(m, 3H), 1.34 (dd, J= 2.2, 6.9 Hz, 6H) ppm.
D. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(35)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)
acetyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.hydrochloride.
1H NMR (DMSO-de) 400 MHz δ 9.20 (s(br), 2H), 5.51 (d, J= 51.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.04 (d, J=
8.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.20 (d, J= 16.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.70 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.35 (m,
4H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 3.00 (s(br), 1 H), 2.60 (m, 1 H), 2.06 (m, 1 H), 1.70 (m, 1 H), 1.22 (m, 6H)
ppm.
E. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(35)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino) acetyl]-
2-pyrroIidinecarbonitrile.
' NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 5.41 (dt, _= 3.5, 51.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.95 [ά, J= 9.4 Hz, 1 H),
3.88 (m, 1 H), 3.70 (m, 1 H), 3.50 (m, 3H), 3.38 (m, 1 H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 2H),
2.40 (m, 1 H), 2.20 (s(br), 1 H), 2.09 (m, 1 H), 1.70 ( , 1 H), 1.33 (dd, J= 2.2, 7.0 Hz, 6H) ppm.
Example 21
fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride
A. 3-Fluoro-5-[(35)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidinyl]benzonitrile.
A stirred solution of (3/?)-pyrrolidinylmethanol (808 mg, 8 mmol) (J.Med.Chem.
1987, 30, 171 1) and 3,5 difluoro-benzonitrile (1.28 g, 12 mmol) in 6 mL of anhydrous
DMSO was warmed to 105 °C for two hours and then allowed to cool to room
temperature. Ether (200 mL) was added and the solution was extracted with 50 mL
H2O (3X). The organic phase was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed (hexanes-
EtOAc 1 :1) to obtain 720 mg (yield: 41 %) compound A.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 6.59 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.53 (s, 1 H), 6.40 (dt, J= 1 1.9,
2.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.73 (dd, J= 6.3, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.65 (dd, J= 7.1 , 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.42 (dd, J=
7.8, 9.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.12 (dd, J= 6.5, 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 2.60 (m, 1 H), 2.18 (m, 1 H), 1.58 (s(br), l H) ppm.
B. 3-Fluoro-5-[(35)-3-(iodomethyl)pyrrolidinyl]benzonitrile. Iodine (1.02 g, 4 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 440 mg (2 mmol) of
compound A and 2.1 g (8 mmol) of triphenyl phosphine. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for six hours and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under
reduced pressure and then a mixture of hexanes-EtOAc (3:1) was added. The resulting
precipitate was filtered and then the residue was transferred to a silica gel packed
column and purified by chromatography (hexanes-EtOAc 5:1) to obtain 580 mg of
compound B (yield: 87 %).
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 6.62 (d, J= 7.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.53 (s, 1 H), 6.39 (dt, J= 1 1.7,
2.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.50 (dd, _/= 7.4, 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.44 (m, 1 H), 3.36 (m, 1 H), 3.28 (dd, J= 6.3, 9.8
Hz, 1 H), 3.22 (m, 1 H), 3.05(dd, J= 7.6, 9.5, 1 H), 2.68 (m, 1 H), 2.28 (m, 1 H), 1.86 (m, 1 H)
ppm.
C. 3-[(35)-3-(Azidomethyl)pyrrolidinyl]-5-fluorobenzonitrile.
Sodium azide (200 mg, 3.07 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of compound B
(550 mg, 1.66 mmol) in 5 mL DMF. The mixture was stirred for 12 hours and then it
was diluted with 100 mL of ethyl acetate. The mixture was extracted with 25 mL water
(3X) and then the organic phase was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate,
filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 390 mg (yield: 96 %) of
compound C.
NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 6.62 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.53 (s, 1 H), 6.39 (dt, J= 1 1.7,
2.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.40 (m, 5H), 3.05(dd, J= 6.7, 9.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.63 (m, 1 H), 2.22 (m, 1 H), 1.86 (m, 1 H) ppm.
D. 3-[(3/?)-3-(Aminomethyl)pyrrolidinyl]-5-fluorobenzonitrile.
Compound C (390 mg, 1.59 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol and then 200
mg of 10% Pd/C was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred for one hour
under 1 atm hydrogen at 20 °C. The mixture was filtered to remove the catalyst and
the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 350 mg (Yield: 100 %) of compound D.
Η NMR (DMSO-de) 400 MHz δ 6.85 (d, J= 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.71 (s, 1 H), 6.39 (d, J= 12.6
Hz, 1 H), 3.20-3.45 (m, 5H), 3.04 (dd, J= 6.7, 9.8 Hz, 1 H), 2.69 (d, J= 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 2.40 (m,
1 H), 2.07 (m, 1 H), 1.74 (m, 1 H) ppm.
E. (25,45)-1-[({[(3/?)-1-(3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino) acetyl]4-
fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile.
A solution of 1-N-bromoacetyl-(2S)-cyano-(4S)-fluoropyrrolidine (236 mg, 1.0
mmol) in 5 mL acetonitrile was added to a stirred solution of compound D (350 mg,
1.59 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (258 mg, 2 mmol) in 5 mL acetonitrile at
50 °C. The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for one hour then cooled to room temperature.
The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the compound E was obtained
by crystallization from 1 mL dichloromethane at 0 °C. (67 mg, yield: 18 %).
H NMR (DMSO-de) 400 MHz δ 9.05 (s(br), 2H), 6.90 (d, J= 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.74 (s, 1 H),
6.62 (d, J= 12.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.53 (d, J= 51.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.06 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.24 (d, J=
16.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.0 (m, 2H), 3.70 (m, 1 H), 3.46 (t, J= 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.12 (t, J=
6.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.00 (m, 2H) 2.70 (m, 1 H), 2.20 (m, 1 H), 1.82 ( , 1 H) ppm.
Example 22
(25, 4S)-4-Fluoro-1- ({[1-(4-nitrophenyl) piperidin-4-yl] amino} acetyl) pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile
A. 1-(4-Nitrophenyl)piperidin-4-amine hydrochloride.
Tert-butyl piperidin-4-ylcarbamate (1.0 g, 5.0 mmol) was mixed with 4-
bromonitrobenzene (2.0 g, 10.0 mmol), triethylamine (2.0 mL) and DMF (20 mL). The
reaction mixture was stirred at 100 °C for a period of 2.0 hours and allowed to cool to
RT. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaHC03 and the organics were then washed with saturated NaCl. The organics were dried over
anhydrous MgSU4 and concentrated to dryness. The resulting crude orange solid was
mixed with 1 ,4-dioxane (5.0 mL) and 4.0 N HCl in 1 ,4-dioxane (25 mL). The reaction
stirred at RT for a period of 16.0 hours followed by concentrating to dryness. The
bright yellow solid was triturated using ether and the resulting solid was filtered. After
drying under high vacuum the reaction yielded a total of 953 mg of pure
hydrochloride salt.
H NMR (D2O) 400 MHz δ 8.02 (d, 2H, J= 8.8 Hz), 6.93 (d, 2H, J= 8.8 Hz), 4.00-3.92
(m, 2H), 3.43-3.32 (m, 1 H), 3.03-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.61 -1.50 (m, 2H) ppm.
B. (25, 4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile.
A round bottom flask was mixed compound A (493 mg, 1.91 mmol), (25,45)-1-
(bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (300 mg, 1.28 mmol), N,N-
diisopropylethylamine (1.0 mL) and acetonitrile (10 mL). The reaction mixture was
allowed to stir at RT for 17.0 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to
dryness. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaHC03
and the organics were dried over MgSθ4. The organics were concentrated to dryness
and dried in vacuo. The resulting crude solid was purified using silica gel
chromatography (99% CH2CI2/ 1% MeOH, with 1.7% NH3) to yield 200 mg of pure
solid.
'H NMR (D4 MeOH) 400 MHz δ 8.08 (d, 2H, J= 9.0 Hz), 6.95 (d, 2H, J= 9.0 Hz), 5.45
(d (br), 1 H, J= 50.4 Hz), 4.96 (d (br), 1 H, J= 8.0 Hz), 4.10-3.41 (m, 6H), 3.10-2.98 (m,
2H), 2.87-2.74 (m, 1 H), 2.70-2.33 (m, 2H) 2.08-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.39 (m, 2H) ppm.
Example 23
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride A. Tert-butyl 1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-ylcarbamate.
A 100 mL round bottom flask was mixed with 4-triflouromethylbromobenzene (3.2
g, 15.0 mmol), triisopropylphosphine (10.0 mg, 0.062 mmol), Pd(0Ac)2 (3.0 mg, 0.013
mmol) and xylenes (50 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to heat at 1 10 °C for a
period of 30 min at which it was mixed with tert-butyl piperidin-4-ylcarbamate (1.0 g
5.0 mmol). The reaction mixture stirred at 120 °C for 4.0 hours and then cooled to RT.
The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaHC03. The
organics were dried over MgSU4 and concentrated to a crude oil. The oil was purified
using silica gel chromatography (90% hexanes/10% EtOAc) to yield a total of 472 mg
of mostly pure solid.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.44 (d, 2H, J= 8.3 Hz), 6.92 (d, 2H, J= 8.3 Hz), 3.81-
3.68 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.12-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.09 (m, 12H), ppm.
B.1-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-amine hydrochloride.
A round bottom flask'was mixed with tert-butyl 1-[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-ylcarbamate (472 mg, 1.42 mmol) and a solution
of 4.0 N HCl in 1 ,4-dioxane (20 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at RT for
a period of 17.0 hours. After 17.0 hours the reaction mixture was concentrated to
dryness to afford a crude solid. The resulting solid was triturated with ether and
filtered to give a total of 377 mg of desired product (92% yield). The product was
used without further purification.
Η NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.57-7.44 (m, 2H, J= 8.8 Hz), 7.07 (d, 2H, J= 8.8 Hz),
3.96-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.57 (m, 1 H), 2.98-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.42 (m, 2H) ppm.
C. (25, 4S)-4-Fluoro-1-[({ 1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] piperidin-4-yl}amino)acetylj
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride.
A round bottom flask was mixed with 1-[4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] piperidin-4- amine hydrochloride (337 mg, 1.34 mmol), (25, 4S)-1 -(bromoacetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (316 mg, 1.34 mmol), trietylamine (408 mg, 04.03
mmol) and acetonitrile (20 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at RT for
17.0 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The reaction mixture
was partitioned between EtOAc and saturated NaHC03 and the organics were dried
over MgSU4. The organics were concentrated to dryness and dried in vacuo. The
resulting crude solid was purified using silica gel chromatography (99% CH2CI2/ 1%
MeOH, with 1.7% NH3) to yield a pure solid. The solid was dissolved into a 1/1
acetone/ether solution and mixed with several drops of 4.0 N HCl in 1 ,4-dioxane. The
resulting solid was filtered and dried in vacuo to give a total of 277 mg of pure solid.
Η NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.45 (d, 2H, J= 8.4 Hz), 6.93(d, 2H, J= 8.4 Hz), 5.42 (d
(br), 1 H, J= 50.8 Hz), 4.97 (d (br), 1 H, J= 9.2 Hz), 3.98-3.77 (m, 1 H), 3.80-3.61 (m, 2H),
3.50 (m, 2H), 2.96-2.80 (m, 2H) 2.78-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.22 (m, 1 H), 2.17-1.77 (m, 4H),
1.61-1.47 (m, 2H) ppm.
Example 24
(25, 4S)-1 -({[l -(1 ,3-Benzoxazol-2-yl) piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. 1-(1 ,3-Benzoxazol-2-yl)piperidin-4-amine hydrochloride.
A sealed tube reactor was mixed with fert-butyl piperidin-4-ylcarbamate (1.0 g,
5.0 mmol) and 2-chlorobenzoxazole (2.3 g, 15.0 mmol). The reactor was sealed and the tube was heated while stirring at a temperature of 100 °C for 2.0 hours. The tube
was cooled to RT and the resulting oily solid was dissolved in 4.0 N HCl in 1 ,4 dioxane
(25 mL). The reaction stirred over 16.0 hours and was concentrated to dryness. The
resulting solid was triturated with ether and filtered. The product was washed with
ether and dried to give 1.1 g of crude solid.
B. (25, 4S)-1-({[1-(l,3-Benzoxazol-2-yl) piperidin-4-yl] amino} acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride.
A round bottom flask was mixed with compound A (1.1 g, 4.25 mmol), (25,45)-1-
(bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier) (500 mg, 2.13
mmol), triethylamine (1.0 mL) and acetonitrile (10 mL). The reaction mixture was
allowed to stir at RT for 17.0 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to
dryness. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtoAc and saturated NaHC03
and the organics were dried over MgSU4. The organics were concentrated to dryness
and dried in vacuo. The resulting crude solid was purified using silica gel
chromatography (99% CH2CI2/ 1% MeOH, with 1.7% NH3) to yield a pure solid (1 1 1
mg). The solid was dissolved into a 1 :1 acetone/ether solution and mixed with several
drops of 4.0 N HCl in 1 ,4-dioxane. The resulting solid was filtered and dried in vacuo to give a total of 78 mg of compound A.
'H NMR (d4 Me0H) MHz δ 7.62 (d, 1H, J= 7.9 Hz), 7.50-7.38 (d, 3H), 5.50 (d (br), 1 H,
J= 52 Hz), 5.07 (d (br), 1 H, J= 9.2 Hz), 4.64-3.52 (m, 9H), 2.77-2.36 (m, 4H), 2.08-1.89 (m, 2H) ppm.
Example 25
(2S45)-1 -({[l-({[(1 /?,4/?)-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.l]hept-1-yl]methyl}sulfonyl)
piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride
A. Tert-butyl 1 -({[(lS,4S)-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.l]hept-1 -
yl]methyl}sulfonyl)piperidin-4-ylcarbamate.
4-N-B0C-amino-piperidine (0.334 g, 1.67 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of dry
dichloromethane. N, N-diisopropylethylamine (0.873 mL, 4.98 mmol) was added
followed by the addition of (1 R)-(-)-camphorsulfonyl chloride (0.50 g, 2.0 mmol) and
the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours. The solvent was then removed in
vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in 15 ml of ethyl acetate. 15 mL of a
solution of saturated sodium bicarbonate was added and the reaction was extracted
with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated NaCl.
The organics were dried over MgSθ4 and concentrated to dryness to give 0.664 g (96%
yield) of compound A that was carried on without further purification.
' NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 4.64-4.39 (m, 1 H) 3.91-3.70 (d, 2H), 3.69-3.50 (m, 1 H),
3.13-2.85 (m, 2H) 2.63-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.21 -1.89 (m, 6H), 1.65 (s, 6H) 1.42 (s, 9H) ppm.
B. (l S,4S)-1-{[(4-Aminopiperidin-1 -yl)sulfonyl]methyl}-7,7-
dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Compound A (0.664 g, 1.60 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of acetonitrile. To this
stirring solution was added p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.305 g, 1.60 mmol)
and the resulting mixture was stirred for a period of 24 hours at RT. A white
precipitate formed during the course of the reaction, which was removed by filtration.
The filtrate was washed 3 times with 10 mL of ethyl acetate. The filtrate was dried on
high vacuum to give 0.780 g (99% yield) of compound B.
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.49 (d, 2H, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.16 (d, 2H, J = 7.3 Hz) 4.15 (m,
1 H) 3.93-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.50 (m, 1 H), 3.13-2.85 (m, 2H) 2.64-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.21 (s,
3H) 2.21-1.89 (m, 6H), 1.64 (s, 6H) ppm.
C. (2R,4R)-1-({[1-({[(lS,3S)-3-Ethyl-1 ,2,2-trimethyl-5- oxocyclopentyl]methyl}sulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile.
Compound B (0.729 g, 1.5 mmol) was dissolved in dry acetonitrile (3 mL). N, N-
diisopropylethylamine (1.3 mL, 7.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was warmed to
50 °C. (2S, 4S)-1-(2-Bromoacetyl)-4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described
earlier) (0.352 g, 1.5 mmol) in 2 mL dry acetonitrile was then added and the mixture
dropwise over 10 min. The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 1 hour. The solvent was
then removed in vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in methylene chloride
and the resulting solution was cooled to 0 °C. A white precipitate formed after a few
minutes and was filtered off. The precipitate was washed 3 times with 5 mL
methylene chloride and dried under high vacuum for 3 hours to afford 0.50 g of compound C (71% yield).
Η NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 5.56 (d, 1 H, J = 50.1 Hz), 4.96 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3 Hz), 4.53
(s, 1 H), 3.69-3.30 (m, 7H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 4 H), 3.23-3.05 (m, 2H) 2.76-2.52 (m, 2H),
2.49-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.28-1.62 (m, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.32^1.24 (m, 2H) ppm.
D. (2S,4S)-1 -{[(l-{[(7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]hep-1- yl)methyl]sulfonyl}piperidin-4-yl)amino]acetyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride.
Compound C (0.500 g, 1.1 mmol) was combined with 5 mL of 2.0 M HCl in ether.
The mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give
0.553 g of compound D.
]H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 5.47 (d, 1 H, J = 50.1 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3 Hz), 4.54
(s, 1 H), 3.69-3.32 (m, 7H), 3.39-3.34 (m, 4 H), 3.22-3.06 (m, 2H) 2.76-2.52 (m, 2H),
2.49-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.29-1.63 (m, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.33-1.25 (m, 2H) ppm.
(2S,4S)-1-({[1 -(Benzylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride
A._(1-Phenylmethanesulfonyl-piperidin-4-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester.
4-N-BOC-amino-piperidine (2.0 g, 9.90 mmol) was dissolved in 15 mL of dry dichloromethane. N, N-diisopropylethylamine (3.4 mL, 19.80 mmol) was added
followed by the addition of benzylsulfonyl chloride (2.1 g, 10.9 mmol) and the
resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours. The solvent was then removed in vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in 25 mL of ethyl acetate. Saturated
sodium bicarbonate (65 mL) was added and the reaction was extracted with ethyl
acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated NaCl. The
organics were dried over MgSU4 and concentrated to dryness to give 3.19 g (94%
yield) of compound A that was carried on without further purification.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.45-7.24 (m, 5H) 4.46 (s, 2H), 3.48-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.24-
3.00 (m, 1 H) 2.90-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.27 (s, 1 1 H) ppm.
B. (1-Phenylmethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylamine p-toluene sulfonate
Compound A (1.0 g, 2.82 mmol) was dissolved in 15 mL of acetonitrile. To this
stirring solution was added p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.590 g, 3.10 mmol)
and the resulting mixture was stirred for a period of 24 hours at RT. A white
precipitate formed during the course of the reaction, which was removed by filtration.
The filtrate was washed 3 times with 15 mL of ethyl acetate. The filtrate was dried on
high vacuum to give 1.2 g (99% yield) of compound B.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.34 (m, 5H) 7.42 (d, J= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (d, J= 7.3
Hz, 2H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 3.48-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.00 (m, 1 H), 2.90-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.24 (s,
3H), 2.02-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.27 (m, 2H) ppm.
C. (2S,4S)-1 -({[l-(Benzylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile.
Compound B (1.0 g, 2.47 mmol) was dissolved in dry acetonitrile (15 mL). N, N-
diisopropylethylamine (1.0 mL, 6.15 mmol) was added to the stirring solution and the
mixture was allowed to continue stirring until all material was dissolved. Solid (2S.4S)-
1-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described previously) (0.290 g, 1.23 mmol) was then added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours. The
solvent was then removed in vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl
acetate. 15 mL of 0.1 M NaOH was added to the solution along with 25 mL of
saturated NaCl. The mixture was washed 3 times with 25 mL of ethyl acetate and the combined organic extracts were dried over MgSU4 and concentrated in vacuo. The
resulting solid was chromatographed on 35 g of silica gel (1% to 5%
ethylacetate/99% to 95% hexanes) to afford 0.524 g of compound C (52% yield).
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.47-7.26 (m, 5H) 5.51 (d, 1 H, J = 50.1 Hz), 4.95 (d, 1 H,
J = 9.3 Hz), 4.71-4.22 (d, 3H), 3.89-3.23 (m, 4H), 3.24-3.00 (m, 1 H) 2.95-2.66 (m, 4H),
2.07-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.59 (s, 2H) ppm.
D. (2S,4S)-1 -({[1-(Benzylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2- carbonitrile hydrochloride.
Compound C (0.524 g, 1.28 mmol) was combined with 5 mL of 2.0 M HCl in ether.
The mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 0.570 g of compound E.
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.49-7.27 (m, 5H) 5.55 (d, 1 H, J = 50.1 Hz), 4.97 (d, 1 H,
J = 9.3 Hz), 4.73-4.24 (m, 3H), 3.91-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.25-3.04 (m, 1 H) 2.97-2.67 (m, 4H),
2.09-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.59 (s, 2H) ppm.
Example 27
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1 -{[(1-{[2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]sulfonyl}piperidin-4-yl)amino]acetyl}
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride A._[l-(2-Naphthalen-1-yl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl
ester.
4-N-BOC-amino-piperidine (0.326 g, 1.63 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of dry
dichloromethane. N, N-diisopropylethylamine (0.860 mL, 4.91 mmol) was added
followed by the addition of 2-(1-naphthyl)ethanesulfonyl chloride (0.50 g, 1.96 mmol)
and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours. The solvent was then
removed in vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in 15 ml of ethyl acetate.
25 mL of a solution of saturated sodium bicarbonate was added and the reaction was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with
saturated NaCl and then the organics were dried over MgS04 and concentrated to
dryness to give 0.630 g (94% yield) of compound A that was carried on without further purification.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.29-7.33 (m, 7H) 4.53-4.35 (m, 1 H), 4.00-3.75 (m, 1 H)
3.72-3.48 (m, 3H), 3.44-3.21 (m, 2H) 2.91 (s, 2H), 2.02 (s, 2H) 1.76-1.51 (m, 3H), 1.44 (s, 9H) ppm.
B._1 -(2-Naphthalen-1-yl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylamine p-toluene sulfonate.
Compound A (0.630 g, 1.51 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of acetonitrile. To this
stirring solution was added p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.287 g, 1.51 mmol)
and the resulting mixture was stirred for a period of 24 hours at RT. A white
precipitate formed during the course of the reaction, which was removed by filtration.
The filtrate was washed 3 times with 10 ml of ethyl acetate. The filtrate was dried on
high vacuum to give 0.738 g (99% yield) of compound B.
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.26 (s, 3H) 8.10-7.38 (m, 1 1 H) 3.76-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.55-
3.31 (m, 6H), 3.07-2.77 (m, 2H) 2.53 (s, 3H), 1.73-1.41 (m, 2H) ppm.
C. (2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1 -{[(1-{[2-(l -naphthyl)ethyl]sulfonyl}piperidin-4-
yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile.
Compound C (0.701 g, 1.43 mmol) was dissolved in dry acetonitrile ( 5 mL). N, N-
diisopropylethylamine (0.625 mL, 3.57 mmol) was added to the stirring solution and
the mixture was allowed to continue stirring until all material was dissolved. Solid (2S,
4S)-1-(2-br,omoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier) (0.167 g,
0.714 mmol) was then added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours. The
solvent was then removed in vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl
acetate. 15 mL of 0.1 M NaOH was added to the solution along with 10 mL of
saturated NaCl. The mixture was washed 3 times with 15 mL of ethyl acetate and the
combined organic extracts were dried over MgSU4 and concentrated in vacuo. The
resulting solid was chromatographed on 35 g of silica gel (5% to 10% EtOAc/95% to
90% hexanes) to afford 0.273 g of compound C (40% yield).
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.28-7.20 (m, 7H) 5.38 (d, 1 H, J = 50.1 Hz), 4.94 (d, 1 H,
J = 9.3 Hz), 4.51-4.27 (m, 1 H), 3.96-3.64 (m, 7H), 3.62-3.45 (m, 2H) 3.38-3.29 (m, 2H),
3.29-3.1 1 (m, 2H) 2.97-2.13 (m, 6H), 1.45 (s, 2H) ppm.
D. (2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(1-{[2-(1 -naphthyl)ethyl]sulfonyl}piperidin-4-
yl)amino]acetyl} pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride.
Compound C (0.273 g, 0.578 mmol) was combined with 5 mL of 2.0 M HCl in ether. The mixture was stirred at RT for 30 min and then the solvent was removed in
vacuo to give 0.293 g of compound D.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.27-7.21 (m, 7H) 5.38 (d, 1 H, J = 50.1 Hz), 4.94 (d, 1 H,
J = 9.3 Hz), 4.53-4.29 (m, 1 H), 3.98-3.65 (m, 7H), 3.64-3.46 (m, 2H) 3.39-3.29 (m, 2H),
3.31-3.12 (m, 2H) 2.98-2.14 (m, 6H), 1.46 (s, 2H) ppm.
Example 28
carbonitrile hydrochloride
A._ [1-(2,4,6-Trimethyl-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester.
4-N-BOC-amino-piperidine (0.500 g, 2.49 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of dry dichloromethane. N, N-diisopropylethylamine (1.3 mL, 7.47 mmol) was added followed
by the addition of 2-mesitylenesulfonyl chloride (0.652 g, 2.99 mmol) and the
resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours. The solvent was then removed in
vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in 15 ml of ethyl acetate. 25 mL of a
solution of saturated sodium bicarbonate was added and the reaction was extracted
with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated NaCl.
The organics were dried over MgSU4 and concentrated to dryness to give 0.947 g (98%
yield) of compound A that was carried on without further purification.
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 6.98 (s, 2H) 4.56-4.32 (m, 1 H), 3.76-3.42 (m, 4H), 3.04-
2.69 (m, 2H) 2.64 (s, 6H), 2.21 (s, 3H) 2.04-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.06 (s, 9H) ppm.
B._1-(2,4,6-Trimethyl-benzenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylamine p-toluenesulfonate.
Compound A (0.947 g, 2.47 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of acetonitrile. To this
stirring solution was added p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.563 g, 2.96 mmol)
and the resulting mixture was stirred for a period of 18 hours at RT. A white
precipitate formed during the course of the reaction that was removed by filtration.
The filtrate was washed 3 times with 10 ml of ethyl acetate and collected into a round
bottom flask. The residual ethyl acetate was removed under high vacuum to give
0.525 g (66% yield) of compound B.
'H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 8.30 (s, 3H), 7.44 (d, 2H, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.10 (d, 2H, J = 7.2
Hz), 7.09 (s, 2H) 4.56-4.32 (m, 1 H), 3.67-3.32 (m, 4H), 2.94-2.66 (m, 1 H) 2.53 (s, 6H), 2.24 (s, 3H) 2.07-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.59 (s, 2H) ppm.
C. (2S45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(mesitylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile.
Compound B (0.517 g, 1.6 mmol) was dissolved in dry acetonitrile (5 mL). N, N-
diisopropylethylamine (2.0 mL, 1 1.0 mmol) was added to the stirring solution and the
mixture was allowed to continue stirring until all material was dissolved. Solid (2S,
4S)-1-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described previously) (0.800
g, 2.5 mmol) was then added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hours. The
solvent was then removed in vacuo and the resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. 15 mL of 0.1 M NaOH was added to the solution along with 10 mL of
saturated NaCl. The mixture was washed 3 times with 15 mL of ethyl acetate and the
combined organic extracts were dried over MgS04 and concentrated in vacuo. The
resulting solid was chromatographed on 35 g of silica gel (!%Me0H/99%
dichloromethane/ with 7% NH3) to afford 0.643 g of compound C (67% yield).
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.07 (s, 2H) 5.56 (d, W, J = 51.2 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3
Hz), 4.51-4.27 (m, 1 H), 4.17-3.43 (m, 6H), 2.95-2.66 (m, 3H) 2.53 (s, 6H), 2.24 (s, 3H)
2.07-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.59 (s, 2H) ppm.
D. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(mesitylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride.
Compound C (0.516 g, 1.6 mmol) was combined with 5 mL of 2.0 M HCl in ether.
The mixture stirred at RT for 30 min and then the solvent was removed in vacuo to
give desired salt D (0.757 g).
1H NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 7.09 (s, 2H) 5.56 (d, 1 H, = 51.2 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1 H, J = 9.3
Hz), 4.51-4.27 (m, 1 H), 4.17-3.43 (m, 6H), 2.95-2.66 (m, 3H) 2.55 (s, 6H), 2.23 (s, 3H)
2.07-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.59 (s, 2H) ppm.
Example 29
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[(3/?)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride A. Tert-butyl (3R)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyIcarbamate.
To a solution of isopropylsulfonyl chloride (0.30 mL, 2.67 mmol) in
dichloromethane (7 mL) was added a solution of tert-butyl (3S)-pyrrolidinylcarbamate
(510 mg, 2.74 mmol) and triethylamine (0.375 mL, 2.69 mmol) in dichloromethane (9
mL). After stirring for 20 min the mixture was poured into water and washed with
water and with brine. The organic layer was dried over MgS04 and the solvent
evaporated in vacuo. The crude mixture was chromatographed on silica gel (5%
MeOH/95% CHCb) to yield 740 mg of compound A as a light yellow solid (94% yield).
1H NMR (CDCb) 300 MHz δ 4.76 (s, 1 H), 4.28 (s, 1 H), 3.61 (m, 2H), 3.38 (m, 1 H),
3.35 (m, 1 H), 3.26 (m, 1 H), 2.21 (m, 1 H), 1.94 (m, 1 H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.40 [d, J = 1 Hz, 6H) ppm.
B. (3R)-1-(lsopropylsulfonyl)-3-pyrrolidinamine hydrochloride.
To a solution of compound A (524 mg, 1.79 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was added 4.0
N HCl in dioxane (4 mL, 16 mmol). After stirring overnight the solvent was evaporated
in vacuo and the resulting solid taken up in toluene, which was then evaporated in
vacuo yielding 348 mg of compound B as a white solid which was used without
further manipulation.
1H NMR (de-DMSO) 300 MHz δ 8.46 (s, 3H), 4.10-3.20 (m, 5H), 2.24 (m, 1 H), 2.01
(m, l H), 1.30 (d, _/ = 7 Hz, 6H).
C. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[(3/?)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride.
To a solution in acetonitrile (10 mL) of (25,4S)-1-(bromoacetyl)-4-fluoro-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile (described earlier) (21 1 mg, 0.9 mmol) and compound B (348
mg, 1.79 mmol) was added N,N,-diisopropylethylamine (1 mL, 5.8 mmol). After stirring
for ca. 30 h, 1.0 N NaOH (ca. 20 mL) was added and the mixture poured into water
and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over MgS04
and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel
(1% MeOH/99% CH2CI2 then 5% MeOH/95% CH2CI2) to afford an impure solid. The
solid was chromatographed again on silica gel (10% MeOH/10% EtOAc) to yield 234
mg of an oil which was taken up in diethyl ether (ca. 4.5 mL) and acetone (ca. 2.5 mL).
Then 1.0 M HCl in ether (ca. 7 mL) was added to precipitate a white solid which was
filtered and dried in vacuo to afford 127 mg of compound C as an off-white solid (41% yield).
1H NMR (de-DMSO, 100 °C) 300 MHz δ 5.51 [ά, J= 52 Hz, 1 H), 4.96 (m, 1 H),
4.00-3.28 (m, 10H), 3.18-2.98 (m, overlapping with H2O), 2.62-2.31 (m, overlapping
with DMSO), 2.04 (m, 1 H), 1.81 (m, 1 H), 1.29 (d, J = 1 Hz, 6H).
Example 30
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[(35)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride
A. Tert-butyl (3S)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinylcarbamate.
To a solution of isopropylsulfonyl chloride (0.30 mL, 2.67 mmol) in
dichloromethane (7 mL) was added a solution of tert-butyl (3S)-pyrrolidinylcarbamate
(510 mg, 2.74 mmol) and triethylamine (0.40 mL, 2.87 mmol) in dichloromethane (9
mL). After stirring for 20 min the mixture was poured into water and washed with
water and with brine. The organic layer was dried over MgSU4 and the solvent
evaporated in vacuo. The crude mixture was chromatographed on silica gel (5%
MeOH/95% CHCb) to yield 676 mg of compound A as a light yellow solid (2.31 mmol, 94% yield).
1H NMR (de-DMSO) MHz δ 7.22 (m, 1 H), 4.01 (m, 1 H), 3.51-3.29 (m, overlap with
H2O), 3.11 (m, l H), 2.06 (m, 1 H), 1.80 (m, 1 H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.24 (d, J = 7 Hz, 6H)
B. (3S)-1-(lsopropylsulfonyl)-3-pyrrolidinamine hydrochloride.
To a solution of compound A (676 mg, 2.31 mmol) in dioxane (2.5 mL) was added
4.0 N HCl in dioxane (5.2 mL, 20.8 mmol). After stirring overnight, the solvent was
evaporated in vacuo and the resulting solid taken up in toluene, which was then
evaporated in vacuo yielding 430 mg of compound B as a white solid which was used without further manipulation.
1H NMR (dβ-DMSO) 300 MHz δ 8.46 (s, 3H),3.84 (s, 1 H), 3.67-3.50 (m, 4H), 3.39 (m,
overlap with H2O), 2.24 (m, 1 H), 2.01 (m, 1 H), 1.27 (d, J = 7 Hz, 6H)
C. (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-({[(35)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride.
To an CH3CN solution (10 mL) containing (2S,45)-1-(bromoacetyl)-4-fluoro-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile (described earlier) (200 mg, 0.85 mmol) and compound B (196
mg, 0.86 mmol) was added N,N,-diisopropylethylamine (1 mL, 5.84 mmol). After
stirring for 30 hr, 1.0 N NaOH (20 mL) was added and the mixture poured into water
and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over MgS04
and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was initially chromatographed on
silica gel (1% MeOH/99% CH2CI2 then 5% MeOH in CH2CI2) to afford an impure solid.
The solid was chromatographed on silica gel (10% MeOH/90% EtOAc) to yield 234 mg
of an oil that was taken up in diethyl ether (ca. 4.5 mL) and acetone (ca. 2.5 mL). Then
1.0 M HCl in ether (ca. 7 mL) was added to precipitate a white solid which was filtered
and dried in vacuo to afford 58 mg of compound B as a white solid (0.15 mmol, 18% yield).
1H NMR (de-DMSO, 100 °C) 300 MHz δ 5.56 (d, J = 52 Hz, 1 H), 5.04 (m, 1 H), 4.19-
3.30 (m, 11H), 3.29-2.90 (m, overlapping with H2O), 2.60-2.40 (m, overlapping with
DMSO), 2.32 (m, 1 H), 2.19 (m, 1 H), 1.31 [ά, J = 1 Hz, 6H).
6-[(3S)-3-({2-[(2S,4S)-2-Cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1 -yl]-2-
oxoethyl}amino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]nicotinonitrile bis(trifluoroacetate)
A. Tert-butyl (35)-1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)pyrrolidin-3-ylcarbamate.
To a solution of 6-chloronicotinonitrile (277 mg, 2.0 mmol) and N-t-(BOC)-(3S)-3-
amino pyrrolidine (375 mg, 2.0 mmol) in dry ethanol (20 mL) was added potassium
carbonate (850 mg, 6.2 mmol). The solution was stirred at reflux for 18 hr. The
ethanol was evaporated in vacuo and the residue taken up in ethyl acetate. The
mixture was filtered and the ethyl acetate was evaporated. The resulting residue was
purified on silica gel (2% MeO'H/98% CHCb) to yield 213 mg of compound A as a
white solid (37% yield).
Η NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 8.48 (s, 1 H), 7.82 (d, J= 9 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (m, 1 H), 6.56
(d, J= 9 Hz, 1 H), 4.15 (m, 1 H), 3.58 (m, 3H), 2.15 (m, 1 H), 1.92 (m, 1 H), 1.41 (s, 9H) ppm.
B. 2-[(3S)-3-Ammoniopyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-cyanopyridinium bis(trifluoroacetate).
To a stirred solution of compound A (333 mg, 1.15 mmol) in dichloromethane (10
mL) was added neat trifluoroacetic acid (0.720 mL, 9.35 mmol). The stirring was
continued for 3 hr and starting material was noted, so additional trifluoroacetic acid (2.2 mL, 28.6 mmol) was added. After 4 hr of total reaction time, the dichloromethane
was evaporated in vacuo and the residue taken up in dichloromethane. The solvent
was then evaporated in vacuo to yield compound B as a yellow oil which was carried
on without further manipulation (100% yield).
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 8.49 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (s(br), 3H), 7.85 (d, J= 9 Hz, 1 H),
6.60 (d, J= 9 Hz, 1 H), 3.94-3.57 (m, H2O overlap), 2.30 (m, 1 H), 2.08 (m, 1 H) ppm.
C. 6-[(3S)-3-({2-[(2S,4S)-2-Cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-
oxoethyl}amino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]nicotinonitrile bis(trifluoroacetate).
Compound B (1.06 g, 2.55 mmol) was dissolved in CHsCN (19 mL) and the solution
was warmed slightly. Then N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.8 mL, 10.5 mmol) was added
and the solution was further stirred at 50 °C. Then (2S,4S)-1-(bromoacetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier) in CH3CN (19 mL) was added
dropwise over a period of ca. 7 minutes and the mixture was allowed to stir at 50 °C
for 1.5 hours. The CH3CN was then removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in
ethyl acetate and was washed with saturated aqueous NaHC03 followed by brine. The
organic layer was dried over MgSθ4 and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The
resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel (15% MeOH/85% CHCb) to afford
a white powder. The free base was dissolved in enough CH2CI2 to make it 0.1 M
followed by addition of 2.2 equiv. of trifluoroacetic acid. The solution was
concentrated in vacuo to afford 521 mg of compound C as a white solid (72% yield).
1H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 9.39 (br s, 2H), 8.50 (s, 1 H), 7.87 (d, J= 9 Hz,
1 H), 6.58 (d, J= 9 Hz, 1 H), 5.54 (d, J= 52 Hz, 1 H), 5.05 (d, J= 9 Hz, 1 H), 4.31 (m, 1 H),
4.06-3.48 (m, 7H), 2.39 (m, 2H) ppm.
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(isopropylsulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile trifluoroacetate
A. 1 -(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid.
Azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (960 mg, 9.49 mmol) was dissolved in 1 ,4-dioxane (25
mL), water (1 1 mL) and 1.0 N NaOH (14 mL). Solid di-t-butyl dicarbonate was added
and the mixture was stirred at RT for 5 hours. KHS0 was added to make the pH 2 and
then the dioxane was evaporated in vacuo followed by extraction of the aqueous layer
with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over MgS04 and the
solvent evaporated in vacuo to yield 1.50 g of compound A as a white solid which was used without further purification (94% yield).
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 1 H), 1.35 (s, 9H)
ppm.
B. Tert-butyl 3-({[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}amino)azetidine-1-carboxylate.
To a solution of compound A (1.00 g, 4.98 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was added
triethylamine (0.85 mL, 6.10 mmol). Whilst stirring at RT, diphenylphosphorylazide
(1.18 mL, 5.48 mmol) was added followed by warming to 80 °C. After 1 hr, 2-
trimethylsilylethanol (1.5 mL, 9.96 mmol) was added and the mixture was allowed to
stir for 31 hr. The mixture was then washed with saturated NaHC03, dried over MgS04
and concentrated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (25% EtOAc/75%
hexanes) to afford compound B as a white solid (61% yield).
1H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.65 (1, 1 H), 4.19 (m, 1 H), 4.01 (m, 1 H), 3.64 (m,
2H), 1.34 (s, 9H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.00 (s, 7H) ppm.
C. 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl azetidin-3-ylcarbamate tosylate.
To a solution of compound B (783 mg, 2.47 mmol) in diethyl ether (1.5 mL) was
added a solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid hydrate (472 mg, 2.48 mmol) in ethanol (3
mL). The solution was mixed at 60-65 °C at ca. 500 mbar. The ether evaporated and
the resulting ethanolic solution was mixed for 4 hr. The ethanol was evaporated in
vacuo to yield 919 mg of compound C as a white solid (96% yield).
'H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 8.51 (s, 2H), 7.78 (s, 1 H), 7.46 (d, J= 8 Hz, 2H), 7.09
(d, J= 8 Hz, 2H), 4.39 (m, 1 H), 4.04 (m, 4H), 3.90 (m, 2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 0.90 (m, 2H), 0.00 (s, 7H) ppm.
D. 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl 1 -(isopropylsulfonyl)azetidin-3-ylcarbamate.
To a solution of compound C (3.1 1 g, 8.00 mmol) in acetonitrile (50 mL) was added
triethylamine (3.4 mL, 24.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred while cooling to 0 °C.
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride (1.0 mL, 8.91 mmol) was added and the solution was stirred
while warming to RT. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 1 hr after which the
acetonitrile was removed in vacuo and the resulting residue taken up with
dichloromethane and washed with saturated aqueous NaHC03, then brine. The
organic layer was dried over MgS04 and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue
was chromatographed on silica gel (25% EtOAc/75% hexanes) to afford 1.89 g of
compound D as an oil which solidified into a white solid (73% yield).
1H NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 7.76 (m, 1 H), 4.26 (m, 1 H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.89 (m,
2H), 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.19 (m, 1 H), 1.19 (d, J= 7 Hz, 6H), 0.89 (m, 2H), 0.00 (s, 7H) ppm..
E. 1 -(lsopropylsulfonyl)azetidin-3-amine trifluoroacetate.
To a solution of compound D (412 mg, 1.28 mmol) in dichloromethane (25 mL) at
0 °C was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.75 mL, 9.74 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0
°C for 3 hr and then allowed to warm to RT and stir for 16 hr. Additional
trifluoroacetic acid (3.0 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred for an additional 3
hr. The dichloromethane and trifluoroacetic acid were removed in vacuo. The residue
was free-based with triethylamine (1.1 equiv.) and then chromatographed on silica gel
(10% MeOH/90% CHCb) to afford 192 mg of compound E as a yellow oil (62% yield).
' NMR (de-DMSO) 400 MHz δ 4.07 (br. m, 1 H), 3.80 (m, 2H), 3.57 (m, 3H), 3.16
(m, 1 H), 2.26 (m(br) 2H), 1.18 (d, J= 7 Hz, 6H) ppm.
F. (2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1 -({[1 -(isopropylsulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-
2-carbonitrile trifluoroacetate.
To a solution of compound E (200 mg, 1.12 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine
(0.50 mL, 2.92 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) at 50 °C is added (2S,4S)-1-(bromoacetyl)-
4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (described earlier) in acetonitrile (5 mL) dropwise
over 7 minutes. The mixture is stirred for 1 hr after which the acetonitrile was
removed in vacuo and the resulting residue taken up in ethyl acetate. After washing
with saturated aqueous NaHCθ3, the organic layer was dried over MgS04 and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (10%
MeOH/90% EtOAc) and the resulting product taken up in dichloromethane and
acidified with trifluoroacetic acid (1.1 eq). The solution was concentrated in vacuo to
afford 39 mg of compound F an off-white solid (15% yield).
'H NMR (d6-DMS0) 400 MHz δ 9.70 (m 1 H), 8.28 (m, 1 H), 5.53 (m, d, J= 52 Hz, 1 H),
5.04 (d, J= 9Hz, 1 H), 4.21 -3.59 (m, 10H), 3.23 (m, 1 H), 1.20 [d, J= 7Hz, 6H) ppm.
Example 33
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1 -({[l -(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-methyl-4-piperidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride
A. '1 -(lsopropylsulfonyl)-4-methyl-4-piperidinamine.
Isopropylsulfonyl chloride (713 mg, 5 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 4-
methyl-4-piperidinamine dihydrochloride (930 mg, 5 mmol) (prepared as described by
Himmelbasch, Frank et al., WO 9732880) and potassium carbonate (2.07 g, 15 mmol)
at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred vigorously for 12 hours and then filtered. The solid
was washed with 10 mL methylene chloride and the filtrate extracted with 50 mL of
methylene chloride (3X). The organic phases were combined, dried (MgS04), and
concentrated in vacuo to obtain 230 mg (yield: 21%) of compound A.
Η NMR (CDCb) 400 MHz δ 3.40-3.30 (m, 4H), 3.15 (m, 1 H), 1.65-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.48-
1.40 (m, 2H), 1.31 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 6H), 1.14 (s, 3H) ppm. B. (25,45)-4-fluoro-1-({[1-(lsopropylsulfonyl)-4-methyl-4-
piperidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride.
A solution of compound A (200 mg, 0.91 mmol), 1-N-bromoacetyl-2-(S)-cyano-4-(S)-
fluoro-pyrrolidine (200 mg, 0.85 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (200 mg, 1.55
mmol) stirred at 50 °C for 2 hours in 5 mL acetonitrile. The mixture was concentrated
in vacuum, dissolved in 10 mL methylene chloride and filtered through a silica gel
plug. Ether (10 mL) was added to the filtrate, then the solution was acidified with 2.0
M HCl (in ether). The white precipitate was filtered and washed with 2 mL of ether to obtain 165 mg (yield: 47 %) compound B.
'H NMR (DMSO-de) 400 MHz δ 9.10 (s (broad), 2H), 5.55 (d, 7=51.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.07 (d,
7=8.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.30-3.00 (m, 9H), 1.90-1.60 ( , 6H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.21 (d, 7=6.9 Hz, 6H) ppm.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES
Compounds of the present invention were tested against non-fluorinated
counterpart compounds to determine relative potency, duration, and selectivity. The
results of such comparative testing illustrate several surprising and unexpected
benefits. More specifically, the comparative tests indicate that the fluorinated
compounds of the present invention demonstrate: (i) increased potency, as characterized by DPP-IV inhibition activity measured from plasma; (ii) increased
selectivity; and/or (iii) increased duration.
When compounds of the present invention were tested in vivo at time periods
ranging from 0 to 10 hours, the compounds of the present invention demonstrated a
significant increase in DPP-IV inhibition over the non-fluorinated counterparts. Thus,
the compounds of the present invention provide an unexpected potency that was not
heretofore appreciated.
BIOLOGICAL DATA
Materials:
H-Ala-Pro-pNA*HCI was purchased from BACHEM Bioscience Inc. (product no.
L-1 1 15). A 500 mM stock solution was prepared with dimethylsulfoxide and stored at
-20 °C. Gly-Pro-AMC was purchased from Enzyme System Products (product no.
AMC-39) and stored at -20 °C as a 10 mM stock solution in dimethylsulfoxide. Test
compounds were dissolved to 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide and this was used as a stock
solution for DPP-IV titration assays. Athens Research and Technology, Inc prepared the purified human DPP-IV. The material was isolated from human prostasomes using
the method of DeMeester et al., 7. Immunol. Methods 189, 99-105. (1996). DPP-IV Assay:
Two-fold serial dilutions of test compounds in 100 % dimethylsulfoxide were
performed in 96-well polystyrene flat bottom plates (Costar, #9017). The average
enzymatic activity from wells containing dimethylsulfoxide but lacking test compound was used as a control value for calculating percent inhibition. DPP-IV (20 ng/mL) was
mixed in microtiter plates with test compounds, substrate and assay buffer to yield
100 μM H-Ala-Pro-pNA«HCI in 25 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 10 mM KCI, 140 mM NaCl. The
intact peptide contains a p-nitrophenylanilide which, when hydrolyzed by DPP-IV,
releases the absorbant p-nitrophenylaniline. The absorbency was monitored in 20 minutes intervals at a wavelength of 387 nm using a Molecular Devices SpectraMax
250 absorbency plate reader. The enzymatic activity was determined by estimating
the best linear fit to the data. Values for enzymatic activity were taken directly from
the linear fit determined by the software on the plate reader.
Data Analysis: The enzymatic activity was determined by estimating the best
linear fit to the data. Data reduction was performed using the Microsoft Excel
RoboSage.
Determination of ICso values: The enzymatic activity was plotted against the
concentration of test compound, including [I] = 0, and the ICso determined from a fit of equation 2 to the data.
RATE = Vmax/ (1 + ([l]/ ICso )) (2)
Vma was the best fit estimate of the maximal enzymatic activity.
Determination of Ki values: Ki values were calculated from ICso values using equation 3 assuming a competitive model.
K. = IC * [l ]
(S + K«y (3)
The apparent pKi values were > 5.0 for each of the examples. DPP-II Assay:
The intermediate plate contained 5.3 μL of test compound in 2-fold serial
dilutions across the plate. A volume of 209 μL of buffer (100 mM sodium acetate pH
5.5) containing substrate (H-Lys-Ala-pNA-2HCI; product no. L-2085; BACHEM
Bioscience Inc.:) was added to each well of the intermediate plate, then mixed. The
reaction was initiated with the transfer of 180 μL of the substrate/test compound
solution to the assay plate containing 20 μL of enzyme. Final concentrations in the
assay were 100 nM enzyme and 1000 μM substrate in 100 mM NaOAc, pH 5.5, 2.5%
DMSO in a final volume of 200 μL. The absorbance was monitored every 20 minutes
for 5 hours at 387 nm using a Molecular Devices SpectraMax 250 absorbance plate
reader.
Data Analysis: The enzymatic activity was determined by estimating the best
linear fit to the data. Data reduction was performed using the Microsoft Excel RoboSage.
Determination of ICso values: The enzymatic activity was plotted against the
concentration of test compound, including [I] = 0, and the ICso determined from a fit of equation 2 to the data.
RATE - Vm-x/ 0 + ([!]/ ICso )) (2)
Vmax was the best fit estimate of the maximal enzymatic activity.
Determination ofKi values: Ki values were calculated from ICso values using equation
3 assuming a competitive model.
K, = IC * 1 ] S + K (3)
Certain compounds of the present invention showed activity for DPP-II, for example pKi values > 6.0, while others demonstrated selectivity for DPP-IV, discussed
hereinabove.
In vivo studies:
Age and weight matched male CD1 mice were housed individually at 72° F and
50% relative humidity with a 12 h light/dark cycle. Animals were dosed by oral
gavage with 10 ml/kg vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose (HPMC) with 0.1% Tween 80) or 1
mg/kg test compound in vehicle. The animals were anesthetized with isofluorane for
blood collection at the specified times (0-6 hours). Plasma DPP-IV activity was
measured using the fluorogenic substrate Gly-Pro-AMC (50 μM) according to the
manufacturers specification (Enzyme System Products, Livermore CA). The substrate
was mixed with 50 mM Tris, pH 7.8 and 20% plasma. The samples were incubated for
20 min at 30°C and fluorescence measured using a cytofluor spectrofluoremeter with
the filters set at 360 nm excitation and 460 nm emission.
All research complied with the principles of laboratory animal care (NIH
publication No. 85-23, revised 1985) and GlaxoSmithKline policy on animal use.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated
and described in detail, the invention is not limited thereto. The above detailed
description of preferred embodiments is provided for example only and should not be
construed as constituting any limitation of the invention. Modifications will be
obvious to those skilled in the art, and all modifications that do not depart from the
spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended
claims.
Claims
1. A compound of formula (I):
naphthylethylsulfonyl, mesitylsulfonyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfonyl,
benzoxazolyl, or optionally substituted aryl.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein said aryl is substituted one or more times
with cyano, halogen, nitro, or haloalkyl.
The compound of claim 1 wherein said aryl is phenyl or benzyl.
The compound of claim 1 wherein said cycloalkylsulfonyl is substituted one or
more times with oxo or alkyl.
5. The compound of claim 1 wherein said cycloalkylsulfonyl is dimethyl-oxo-
bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl methyl sulfonyl.
6. The compound of formula (II): 
wherein R1 is H or oxo, and R2 is alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally
substituted heteroaryl.
7. The compound of claim 6 wherein R1 is oxo.
8. The compound of claim 6 wherein R2 is optionally substitued phenyl.
9. The compound of claim 6 wherein said aryl is substituted one or more times
with halogen.
10. The compound of claim 6 wherein R1 is H.
1 1. The compound of claim 6 wherein said alkylsulfonyl is Ci-Ce alkylsulfonyl.
12. The compound of claim 1 1 wherein said alkylsulfonyl is isopropylsulfonyl.
13. The compound of claim 6 wherein R2 is optionally substitued pyridyl.
14. The compound of claim 6 wherein said heteroaryl is substituted one or more
times with cyano.
15. A compound of formula (III):
16. The compound of claim 15 wherein said alkyl is G-Ce alkyl.
17. The compound of claim 16 wherein said alkyl is t-butyl.
18. The compound of claim 15 wherein said aryl is substituted one or more times
with halogen or haloalkyl.
19. The compound of claim 15 wherein said aryl is phenyl.
20. A compound of formula (IV):
21. The compound of claim 20 wherein R5 is Ci-Ce alkoxycarbonyl.
22. The compound of claim 21 wherein R5 is ethyloxycarbony
23. A compound of formula (V):
wherein R6 is alkylsulfonyl or optionallly substituted aryl.
24. The compound of claim 23 wherein said alkylsulfonyl is Ci-Ce alkylsulfonyl.
25. The compound of claim 23 wherein said alkylsulfonyl is isopropylsulfonyl.
26. The compound of claim 23 wherein said aryl is substituted one or more times
with halogen or cyano.
27. The compound of claim 23 wherein said aryl is phenyl.
28. A compound of formula (VI):
29. The compound of claim 28 wherein R7 is Ci-Ce alkylsulfonyl.
30. The compound of claim 29 wherein R7 is isopropylsulfonyl.
31. A compound selected from:
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperdinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S)-4,4-Difluoro-1-({[1-(isopropylsulfonyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidnecarbonitrile; (2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[(3S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride; (2S,4S)-4Fluoro-1 -({[(3S)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride;
(25,4S)-1-{[(1-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]acetyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride; (2S4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(25,45)-1 -({[1-(4-Cyanophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(25,45)- 1-({[1 -(4-Cyano-3-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S4S)-1-({[1-(4-Cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(25,45)- 1-({[1 -(3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(25,45)-1-({[1 -(3,5-Difluorophenyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-
2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(4-phenylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride;
Ethyl 3-({2-[(25,4S)-2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1 -yl]-2-oxoethyl}amino)-8-
azabicyclo[3.2.l]octane-8-carboxylate hydrochloride;
(2S4S)-4-Fluoro-1-({[4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-[({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclohexyl}amino)acetyl]
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(4-pyridin-2-ylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride (cis 6t trans);
(25,45)-1-{[(4-Tert-butylcyclohexyl)amino]acetyl}-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
hydrochloride; (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(3/?)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile and hydrochloride;
(2S45)-4-Fluoro-1-[({[(35)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]-2- pyrrolidinecarbonitrile and hydrochloride;
(2S45)-1-[({[(3/?)-1-(3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidinyl]methyl}amino)acetyl]-4-
fluoro-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride;
(25, 4S)-4-Fluoro-1- ({[1-(4-nitrophenyl) piperidin-4-yl] amino} acetyl) pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile;
(25, 4S)-4-Fluoro-1-[({1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] piperidin-4-yl}amino)acetyl]
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(25, 4S)-1 -({[1 -(l ,3-Benzoxazol-2-yl) piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-
fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S45)-1 -({[l-({[(1 /?,4/?)-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.l]hept-1-yl]methyl}sulfonyl)
piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride; (2S,4S)-1 -({[1-(Benzylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1 -{[(1-{[2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]sulfonyl}piperidin-4-yl)amino]acetyl}
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride;
(2S45)-4-Fluoro-1 -({[1 -(mesitylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2-
carbonitrile hydrochloride; (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1 -({[(3/?)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride; (25,45)-4-Fluoro-1 -({[(35)-1-(isopropylsulfonyl)pyrrolidinyl]amino}acetyl)-2-
pyrrolidinecarbonitrile hydrochloride; 6-[(3S)-3-({2-[(2S,4S)-2-Cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-
oxoethyl}amino)pyrrolidin-1 -yl]nicotinonitrile bis(trifluoroacetate); and
(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1 -({[1-(isopropylsulfonyl)azetidin-3-yl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2- carbonitrile trifluoroacetate.
32. A compound of claim 1 , 6, 15, 20, 23, or 28 wherein A is H and is located trans
to the depicted nitrile warhead.
33. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is H.
34. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is Ci-Ce alkyl.
35. The compound of claim 1 wherein X is methyl.
36. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of claims 1 to 35.
37. The'pharmaceutical formulation of claim 26 further comprising a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
38. A method of inhibiting a post-proline/analine-cleaving protease comprising
administering a compound of claims 1 to 35.
39. The method of claim 38 wherein the post-proline/analine-cleaving protease is
a serine protease.
40. The method of claim 39 wherein the serine protease is a dipeptidyl peptidase.
41. The method of claim 40 wherein the dipeptidyl peptidase is DPP-II.
42. The method of claim 40 wherein the dipeptidyl peptidase is DPP-IV.
43. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of metabolic disorders,
gastrointestinal disorders, viral disorders, inflammatory disorders, diabetes,
obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or mucous membrane disorders,
psoriasis, intestinal distress, constipation, autoimmune disorders,
encephalomyelitis, complement mediated disorders, glomerulonepritis, lipodystrophy, tissue damage, psychosomatic, depressive, and neuropsychiatric
disorders, HIV infection, allergies, inflammation, arthritis, transplant rejection,
high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, tumors, and stress-induced
abortions comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of claims 1 to 35.
44. The method of claim 43 wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a
compound of claims 1 to 35 is administered for the treatment or prophylaxis
of diabetes.
45. Use of a compound of claims 1 to 35 in the manufacture of a medicament for
the inhibition of a post proline/analine-cleaving protease.
46. The use of claim 45 wherein the post proline/analine-cleaving protease is a
serine protease.
47. The use of claim 46 wherein the serine protease is a dipeptidyl peptidase.
48. The use of claim 47 wherein the dipeptidyl peptidase is DPP-II.
49. The use of claim 47 wherein the dipeptidyl peptidase is DPP-IV.
50. Use of a compound of claims 1 to 35 in the manufacture of a medicament for
the treatment or prophylaxis of metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders,
viral disorders, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia,
dermatological or mucous membrane disorders, psoriasis, intestinal distress,
constipation, autoimmune disorders, encephalomyelitis, complement mediated
disorders, glomerulonepritis, lipodystrophy, tissue damage, psychosomatic,
depressive, and neuropsychiatric disorders, HIV infection, allergies,
inflammation, arthritis, transplant rejection, high blood pressure, congestive
heart failure, tumors, and stress-induced abortions.
51. A compound according to claims 1 to 35 for use as an active therapeutic substance.
52. A compound according to claims 1 to 35 for use in the manufacture of a
medicament for the inhibition of serine protease.
53. A compound according to claims 1 to 35 for use in the manufacture of a
medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, viral disorders, inflammatory disorders, diabetes,
obesity, hyperlipidemia, dermatological or mucous membrane disorders,
psoriasis, intestinal distress, constipation, autoimmune disorders,
encephalomyelitis, complement mediated disorders, glomerulonepritis,
lipodystrophy, tissue damage, psychosomatic, depressive, and neuropsychiatric
disorders, HIV infection, allergies, inflammation, arthritis, transplant rejection,
high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, tumors, and stress-induced
abortions.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003508934A JP4357293B2 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2002-06-26 | Fluoropyrrolidines as dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors |
| DE60221983T DE60221983T2 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2002-06-26 | FLUORPYRROLIDINES AS DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE INHIBITORS |
| US10/481,543 US7183290B2 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2002-06-26 | Fluoropyrrolidines as dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors |
| EP02742328A EP1399433B1 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2002-06-26 | Fluoropyrrolidines as dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US30133301P | 2001-06-27 | 2001-06-27 | |
| US60/301,333 | 2001-06-27 | ||
| US38404102P | 2002-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | |
| US60/384,041 | 2002-05-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003002553A2 true WO2003002553A2 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
| WO2003002553A3 WO2003002553A3 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
Family
ID=26972303
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2002/020470 WO2003002553A2 (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2002-06-26 | Fluoropyrrolidines as dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7183290B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1399433B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4357293B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE370943T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60221983T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2291477T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003002553A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60221983D1 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
| DE60221983T2 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
| ES2291477T3 (en) | 2008-03-01 |
| US20040242636A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
| WO2003002553A3 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| JP2005500321A (en) | 2005-01-06 |
| JP4357293B2 (en) | 2009-11-04 |
| US7183290B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
| EP1399433A2 (en) | 2004-03-24 |
| EP1399433B1 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
| ATE370943T1 (en) | 2007-09-15 |
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