WO2002100813A2 - Modulators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors - Google Patents

Modulators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002100813A2
WO2002100813A2 PCT/US2002/016950 US0216950W WO02100813A2 WO 2002100813 A2 WO2002100813 A2 WO 2002100813A2 US 0216950 W US0216950 W US 0216950W WO 02100813 A2 WO02100813 A2 WO 02100813A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phenyl
methoxy
compound
propionic acid
phenoxy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/016950
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002100813A3 (en
Inventor
Dawn Alisa Brooks
Alan M. Warshawsky
Chahrzad Montrose-Rafezadeh
Anne Reifel-Miller
Lourdes Prieto
Isabel Rojo
Jose Alfredo Martin
Maria Rosario Gonzales Garcia
Alicia Torrado
Rafael Ferritto Crespo
Carlos Lamas-Peteira
Maria Martin-Ortega Finger
Robert J. Ardecky
Original Assignee
Eli Lilly And Company
Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BR0210190-4A priority Critical patent/BR0210190A/en
Priority to US10/479,262 priority patent/US7192982B2/en
Application filed by Eli Lilly And Company, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. filed Critical Eli Lilly And Company
Priority to JP2003503584A priority patent/JP2005509590A/en
Priority to CA002449256A priority patent/CA2449256A1/en
Priority to MXPA03011201A priority patent/MXPA03011201A/en
Priority to KR10-2003-7016050A priority patent/KR20040012905A/en
Priority to EEP200400001A priority patent/EE200400001A/en
Priority to IL15887302A priority patent/IL158873A0/en
Priority to EP02739503A priority patent/EP1392637A2/en
Priority to NZ529351A priority patent/NZ529351A/en
Priority to SK1491-2003A priority patent/SK14912003A3/en
Priority to EA200400010A priority patent/EA200400010A1/en
Priority to HU0400280A priority patent/HUP0400280A3/en
Publication of WO2002100813A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002100813A2/en
Publication of WO2002100813A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002100813A3/en
Priority to HR20031001A priority patent/HRP20031001A2/en
Priority to NO20035439A priority patent/NO20035439D0/en
Priority to US11/637,223 priority patent/US20070276138A1/en

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    • C07D209/44—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles
    • C07D209/48—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles with oxygen atoms in positions 1 and 3, e.g. phthalimide
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    • C07C233/25—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
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Definitions

  • the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors are members of the nuclear receptor gene family that are activated by fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites.
  • the PPARs belong to the subset of nuclear receptors that function as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR).
  • RXR 9-cis retinoic acid receptor
  • Three subtypes, designated PPAR ⁇ , PPAR ⁇ and PPAR ⁇ , are found in species ranging horn enopus to humans.
  • PPAR ⁇ is the main subtype in the liver and has facilitated analysis of the mechanism by which peroxisome proliferators exert their pleiotropic effects. PPAR ⁇ is activated by a number of medium and long-chain fatty acids, and it is involved in stimulating ⁇ -oxidation of fatty acids. PPAR ⁇ is also involved with the activity of fibrates and fatty acids in rodents and humans.
  • Fibric acid derivatives such as clofibrate, fenofibrate, bezafibrate, ciprofibrate, becloi ⁇ brate and etofibrate, as well as gemfibrozil, produce a substantial reduction in plasma triglycerides along with moderate reduction in low-density Kpoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and they are used particularly for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.
  • LDL low-density Kpoprotein
  • PPAR ⁇ is the main subtype in adipose tissue and involved in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation. PPAR ⁇ is not involved in stimulating peroxisome proliferation in the liver. There are two isomers of PPAR ⁇ : PPAR ⁇ 1 and PPAR ⁇ 2, which differ only in that PPAR ⁇ 2 conatins an additional 28 amino acids present at the amino terminus.
  • the DNA sequences for the PPAR ⁇ receptors are described in Elbrecht, et al., BBRC 224;431-437 (1996).
  • PPAR ⁇ and PPAR ⁇ receptors have been implicated in diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and gastrointestinal disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammation related illnesses.
  • inflammation related illnesses include, but are not limited to Alzheimer's disease, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and ischemia reprofusion injury.
  • PPAR ⁇ also referred to as PPAR ⁇ and NUCl
  • PPAR ⁇ and NUCl The human nuclear receptor gene PPAR ⁇ (hPPAR ⁇ ) has been cloned from a human osteosarcoma cell cDNA library and is fully described in A. Schmidt et al., Molecular Endocrinology, 6:1634-1641 (1992).
  • Diabetes is a disease in which a mammal's ability to regulate glucose levels in the blood is impaired because the mammal has a reduced ability to convert glucose to glycogen for storage in muscle and liver cells. In Type I diabetes, this reduced ability to store glucose is caused by reduced insulin production.
  • Type II Diabetes or “non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus” (NIDDM) is the form of diabetes, which is due to a profound resistance to insulin stimulating or regulatory effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in the main insulin-sensitive tissues, muscle, liver and adipose tissue. This resistance to insulin responsiveness results in insufficient insulin activation of glucose uptake, oxidation and storage in muscle and inadequate insulin repression of Hpolysis in adipose tissue and of glucose production and secretion in liver. When these cells become desensitized to insulin, the body tries to compensate by producing abnormally high levels of insulin and hyperinsulemia results. Hyperinsulemia is associated with hypertension and elevated body weight.
  • Hyperlipidemia is a condition which is characterized by an abnormal increase in serum lipids, such as cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. These lipids do not circulate freely in solution in plasma, but are bound to proteins and transported as macromolecular complexes called lipoproteins.
  • hyperlipidemia characterized by the existence of elevated LDL cholesterol levels.
  • the initial treatment for hypercholesterolemia is often a diet low in fat and cholesterol coupled with appropriate physical exercise.
  • Drug intervention is initiated if LDL-lowering goals are not met by diet and exercise alone.
  • LDL-lowering goals are not met by diet and exercise alone.
  • HDL coronary heart disease
  • An example of an HDL raising agent is nicotinic acid, but the quantities needed to achieve HDL elevation are associated with undesirable effects, such as flushing.
  • novel ⁇ -methoxy cinnamates which are modulators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR). Many of these novel ⁇ -methoxy cinnamates have the advantage over previously known PPAR modulators in that they selectively bind at peroxisome proliferator activated receptor modulators. Based on this discovery, methods of modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor in a subject in need of such modulation, methods of treating a subject for Type II diabetes, methods of treating a subject for cardiovascular disease, methods of treating a subject for Syndrome X and methods of treating a subject with other PPAR-mediated diseases and conditions are disclosed herein.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a compound represented by Structural Formula (I):
  • Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group.
  • Ar is an unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted aromatic group.
  • Q is a covalent bond, -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - or -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - .
  • Q is a covalent bond.
  • Phenyl Ring A is optionally substituted with up to four substituents in addition to Ri and W.
  • E is COOR 3) C1-C3 -alkylnitrile, carboxamide, sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide or tetrazole and wherein sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide and tetrazole are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl and aryl-CO-4-alkyl.
  • R t is meta ox para to W and is represented by Structural Formula (H), even more preferably by Structural Formulas (HI) or (IV) and even more preferably by Structural Formula (V):
  • R 2 is -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, haloalkyl, an aralkyl group, a substituted aralkyl group, an aromatic group, a substituted aromatic group, -COR 4 , -COOR4, -CONR 5 R 6 , -C(S)R 4) -C(S)OR4 or -C(S)NR 5 R 6 .
  • Y together with the two carbon atoms to which Y is bonded and the intervening carbon atoms, form a ring that is fused to Phenyl Ring A.
  • R 3 -R 8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group.
  • n and m are independently 0, 1 or 2.
  • R 2 is a C1-C6 lower alkyl group, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl; and R 3 is -H or a C1-C6 alkyl group (more preferably C1-C3 alkyl group).
  • the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (VT):
  • Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group.
  • Ar is an unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted aromatic group.
  • W is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene linking group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene linking group from two to ten atoms in length, preferably from two to seven atoms in length.
  • Phenyl Ring A is optionally substituted with up to four substituents in addition to Ri.
  • Rj is meta or para to W and is represented by Stractural Formula (H), more preferably by Structural Formula (IH) and even more preferably by Structural Formula ⁇ TV). Structural Formulas (II)-(V) are shown above.
  • R 2 is -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, -COR;, -COOR;, -CONRsRe, -C(S)R 4 , -C(S)OR4 or -C(S)NR 5 R 6 .
  • R 3 -Re are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aryl group or a substituted aryl group.
  • n and m are independently 0, 1 or 2.
  • R 2 is a C1-C6 lower alkyl group, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl; and R 3 is -H or a Cl -C3 lower alkyl group.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR).
  • the method comprises the step of contacting the receptor with at least one of the compounds of the present invention.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in a subject in need of modulation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, i.e., treating a PPAR- gamma mediated disease in a subject.
  • the method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for lowering blood-glucose in a subject in need of such treatment.
  • the method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a subject for hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component.
  • the method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a subject with diabetes mellitus, The method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a subject for cardiovascular disease.
  • the method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a subject for Syndrome X.
  • the method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of the present invention for use in therapy.
  • the therapy can be, for example, to treat Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Syndrome X or a disorder modulated by a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is the use of a compound of the present invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component or other disorders modulated by a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one compound of the present invention.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a method of preparing a compound represented by Structural Formula (VTI) from a starting compound represented by Stractural Formula (VuT):
  • the method comprises the step of hydrolyzing the ester group in the starting compound.
  • Phenyl Ring A, Ar, Q, W, R 2 and R 3 are as described for Structural Formulas (I) or (VI).
  • Q in Structural Formulas (VH) and (Vm) is preferably a covalent bond.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is one of the novel compounds described herein, wherein the compound is radioactively labeled, i.e., comprises a radioactive isotope (e.g., 3 H or 14 C) at a specific site in the compound at level significantly greater than the natural abundance of the isotope.
  • a radioactive isotope e.g., 3 H or 14 C
  • “Significantly greater than natural abundance” means that the amount of isotope greater than natural abundance can be assessed by suitable means (e.g., scintillation counting).
  • Radiolabeled, preferably tritiated, (S)-3- ⁇ 4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxyj- phenyl ⁇ -2-methoxy-propionic acid is one example of a radiolabeled compound of the invention. Radiolabeled compounds, can be advantageously used to assess binding of test compound to PPAR ⁇ .
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a method for determining whether a compound does or does not interact directly (e.g., binds) with PPAR ⁇ .
  • the method comprises the step of specifically binding a radioactively labeled compound described herein to the ligand binding domain of a PPAR ⁇ receptor.
  • the receptor is then combined with a test compound and the amount of specific binding of the radioactively labeled compound is assessed. Any decrease in the binding of the radiolabeled compound indicates that the test compound interacts directly with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.
  • the compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates, stereoisomers thereof lower one or more of the following in mammals: glucose, insulin, triglycerides, fatty acids and/or cholesterol. They are therefore believed to be effective in treating hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component or other disorders modulated by a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor.
  • the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (TX):
  • Ar, Phenyl Ring A and Ri in Structural Formula (DC) are as defined in Structural Formulas (I) or (VI).
  • Ri is preferably para to i and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formulas (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably, Structural Formula (V).
  • p is an integer from one to nine, preferably one to four.
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group.
  • the compound of the present invention is represented by a stractural formula selected from Structural Formulas (X)-(XVrfl):
  • R 2 and R in Structural Formulas (X)-(XDC) are as described for Structural Formula (DC).
  • R 2 and R 3 are as described for Structural Formula (II).
  • -CH 2 CH(OR 2 )COOR 3 in Structural Formulas (X)-(XLX) is represented by Structural Formulas (IE) or (IV) and even more preferably by Stractural Formula (V).
  • the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (XX):
  • Ri in structural Formula (XX) is para to the carbon bonded to the alkyne group and is represented by Stractural Formula (II), more preferably by Stractural Formulas (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably by Structural Formula (V).
  • t is 1, 2 or 3.
  • the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (XXI):
  • Ar and Phenyl Ring A in Structural Formula (XXI) are as described for Stractural Formulas (T) or (VI).
  • p is zero, one or two.
  • W 2 is preferably -O-.
  • R 7 and R 8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group.
  • Rn and R ⁇ 2 are independently a C1-C6 alkyl group (preferably C1-C3 alkyl group), or, taken together are a substituted or unsubstituted ethylene, propylene or butylene group.
  • the compound of the present invention is represented by a structural formula selected from Stractural Formulas (XXH)- (XXVI):
  • Structural Formulas (XXII)- (XXVI) is represented by Structural Formulas (HI) or (IV), more preferably by Structural Formula (V).
  • the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (XXVH):
  • -CH 2 CH(OR 2 )COOR 3 in Stractural Formula (XXVTf) is represented by Structural Fonnulas (TS) or (TV), more preferably by Structural Formula (V).
  • An "aliphatic group” is non-aromatic, consists solely of carbon and hydrogen and may optionally contain one or more units of unsaturation, e.g., double and/or triple bonds.
  • An aliphatic group may be straight chained, branched or cyclic. When straight chained or branched, an aliphatic group typically contains between about 1 ahd about 10 carbon atoms, more typically between about 1 and about 6 carbon atoms. When cyclic, an aliphatic group typically contains between about 3 and about 10 carbon atoms, more typically between about 3 and about 7 carbon atoms.
  • Aliphatic groups are preferably C1-C10 straight chained or branched alkyl groups (i.e., completely saturated aliphatic groups), more preferably C1-C6 straight chained or branched alkyl groups. Examples include methyl, ethyl, ra-propyl, is ⁇ -propyl, n- butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
  • a "haloaliphatic group” is an aliphatic group, as defined above, substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
  • a “haloalkyl group” is an alkyl group (i.e., a saturated aliphatic group), as defined above, substituted with one or more halogen atoms. Examples included - CF 3 , -CHF 2 , -CH 2 F, -CF 2 CF 3 and the like.
  • aralkyl group is an alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group, preferably a phenyl group.
  • a preferred aralkyl group is a benzyl group.
  • Suitable aromatic groups are described below and suitable alkyl groups are described above. Suitable substituents for an aralkyl group are described below.
  • an “aralkenyl group” is an alkenyl group substituted with an aromatic group.
  • An “alkenyl group” is an aliphatic group with one or more carbon carbon double bonds. Suitable aromatic groups are described below. Suitable aliphatic groups are defined above. Suitable substituents for an aralkenyl group are described below.
  • alkylene group is a polymethylene group, i.e., -(CH 2 ) n -, wherein n is a positive integer.
  • n is an integer from about 2 to about 10, more preferably from about 2 to about 7.
  • a "substituted alkylene group” is an alkylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents are described below.
  • arylene is an aromatic group in which at least two carbon atoms are bonded to moieties other than hydrogen. Suitable arylene groups are those corresponding to the aromatic groups described herein.
  • a "sulfonamide group” is represented by -S(O) 2 NH 2 .
  • a "substituted sulfonamide group” is represented by -S(O) 2 N(R) 2 , wherein each R is independently -H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl or aryl-C0-C4-alkyl and at least one R is not -H.
  • acylsulfonamide group is represented by -S(O) 2 NH-C(O)-R wherein R is -H or a C1-C6 alkyl group or a C1-C6 haloalkyl group.
  • a "substituted acylsulfonamide group” is represented by -S(O) 2 NR'-C(O)R, wherein R is -H or a C1-C6 alkyl group or C1-C6 haloalkyl group and R' is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl or aryl-C0-C4-alkyl.
  • heteroalkylene group refers to an alkylene group in which one or more methylene groups have been replaced by a functional group, e.g.,
  • p is a positive integer and q is zero or a positive integer such that p + q is less than 10 and Z is a functional group.
  • a heteroalkylene group is between about 2 and 10 atoms in length.
  • a functional group is considered to be one atom.
  • a “substituted heteroalkylene group” is a heteroalkylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent.
  • Structural Formula (XX) provides an example of a heteroalkylene group substituted with a C2-C4 alkylene group, which is represented by Ri i and R ⁇ 2 taken together. Specifically, R ! i and R ⁇ 2j taken together with — CH- (CH 2 ) P CH- can form a cycloalkyl ring.
  • Other examples of heteroalkylene groups substituted by an alkylene are shown in the following structural formulas:
  • nonaromatic heterocyclic ring (or also refered to as a “heterocyclic ring”) is a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic nonaromatic ring of 3 to 14 ring atoms which are saturated or partially saturated containing carbon and from one to four heteroatoms selected from N, O or S.
  • nonaromatic heterocyclic ring includes nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings, which contains from one to three nitrogen atoms and optionally further contains one other heteroatom selected from O or S.
  • non- aromatic heterocyclic ring also includes non-aromatic heterocyclic rings fused to aromatic group, e.g., 1,3-benzodioxole, 4-chromanone, and phthalimide.
  • a "nonaromatic heterocyclic ring” may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents, as described below.
  • aromatic group also referred to as an "aryl group” as used herein includes carbocyclic aromatic groups, heterocyclic aromatic groups (also refered to as “heteroaryl”) and fused polycyclic aromatic ring system as defined herein.
  • a "carbocyclic aromatic group” is an aromatic ring of 5 to 14 carbons atoms, and includes a carbocyclic aromatic group fused with a 5-or 6-membered cycloalkyl group such as indan.
  • Examples of carbocyclic aromatic groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, 1 -naphthyl, 2-naphyl, 1-anthracenyl, 2-anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, fluorene, 9-fiuorenone, indan and the like.
  • a carbocyclic aromatic group is optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents, described below for aromatic groups.
  • heterocyclic aromatic group (or “heteroaryl”) is a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring of 5- to 14-ring atoms of carbon and from one to four heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S.
  • heteroaryl examples include, but are not limted to N-imidazolyl, 2-imidazole, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, 2- pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidyl, 4-pyrimidyl, 2-pyranyl, 3 -pyranyl, 4- pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 2-oxazoyl, 4-oxazoyl, 5- oxazoyl, 2-imidazolyl, isoxazoyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, and purinyl and the like.
  • Heterocyclic aromatic (or heteroaryl) as defined above may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents, as described below for aromatic groups.
  • a "fused polycyclic aromatic" ring system is a carbocyclic aromatic group or heteroaryl fused with one or more other heteroaryl or nonaromatic heterocyclic ring. Examples include 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, 2- benzothienyl, 3 -benzothienyl, 2-benzofuranyl, 3 -benzofuranyl, 2-indolyl, 3 -indolyl, 2-quinolinyl, 3 -quinolinyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 2-benzooxazolyl, 2-benzoimidazolyl, 2- qinolinyl, 3 -quinolinyl, 1-isoqinolinyl, 3 -quinolinyl, 1-isoinoldyl, 3-isoindolyl, benzotriazolyl and the like. Fused polycyclic aromatic ring systems may optionally be substituted with a designated number of substituents, as
  • Halo refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • Rings B-Z are independently substituted or unsubstituted.
  • suitable groups for Ar include substituted or unsubstituted benzoylnaphthyl, thienylphenyl and naphthoylphenyl. Still other examples of suitable values for Ar are found in Examples 1-379. These aromatic groups, when used as values for Ar, can be substituted or unsubstituted, as shown in Examples 1-379, or, alternatively, can contain one or more other aromatic group substituents that are described herein.
  • X is -O-, -S-, -CH 2 - or -C(O).
  • Each R 20 is independently a C1-C5 alkyl group or halogenated C1-C5 alkyl group.
  • Phenyl Rings A' and A" are substituted or unsubstituted.
  • Suitable substituents for an aromatic group including the aromatic group represented by Ar (e.g., Phenyl Rings A' and A" and Rings B-Z) and Phenyl Ring A, an aliphatic group, an alkyl group, an alkylene group, a heteroalkylene group, a nonaromatic heterocyclic group, an aralkyl group, an aralkenyl group and an allyl group are those which do not significantly diminish the activity of the compound at the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs), e.g., decrease the activity by more than a factor of five (preferably no more than a factor of two) compared with the corresponding compound without the substituent.
  • PPARs Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors
  • sulfonamide examples include sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide, -NR-CO-R, -OS(O)R, -OS(O) 2 R, cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic groups, -O(CH 2 ) r COOH, -O-O(CH 2 ) r -N(R) 2 , -O(CH 2 ) r -(cycloalkyl), -O(CH 2 ) r OH, -O(CH 2 ) r -OSi(R) 3 , and
  • Each R is independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, a halogenated aliphatic group, a benzyl group, a substituted benzyl group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group, and preferably -H, an alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 alkyl group), a halogenated alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 halogenated alkyl group), a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group;
  • R 30 is a C1-C6 alkyl group or C1-C6 halogenated alkyl group,
  • R 3 ⁇ is — H, a C1-C6 alkyl group or C1-C6 halogenated alkyl group;
  • r is an integer from 1 to 6; a and b are independently
  • An aromatic group, benzylic group, an aliphatic group, an alkyl group, an alkylene group, a heteroalkylene group, a non-aromatic heterocyclic group, aralkyl group and aralkenyl group can have more than one substituent.
  • suitable substituents for an aromatic group represented by Ar are those found at the corresponding position of the compounds described in the Exemplification Section.
  • Preferred substituents for Rings B-Z include halogen, -R 9 , -OR 9 ⁇ -COR 9 , -COOR 9 , -CN, a non-aromatic heterocyclic group, an allylic group, -(CH 2 ) a CH(OR 30 )(CH 2 ) b COOR 3 i or -NR 9 C(O)R 9 .
  • R 9 is -H, an alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 alkyl group), cycloalkyl, a halogenated alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 halogenated alkyl group) or an aromatic group.
  • R 30 , R 3 ⁇ , a and b are as described above; preferably R 30 is methyl or ethyl, R 3 ⁇ is -H 3 and. a and b are one.
  • suitable substituents for Rings B-Z include one or more groups selected from halogen, C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkyl, C1-C8 straight chained or branched halogenated alkyl (e.g., -CF 3 ), C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkanoyl, C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkoxy (e.g., methoxy), -Br, -F, N-morpholino, -COOH, -OH, -C ⁇ , or C1-C8 straight chained or branched halogenated alkoxy (e.g., -OCF 3 ).
  • halogen C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkyl
  • C1-C8 straight chained or branched halogenated alkyl e.g., -CF 3
  • Preferred substituents for Phenyl Ring A include halogen, -OR 1 0, -Rio, aromatic group, substituted aromatic group, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, aralkenyl, substituted aralkenyl, allyl and substituted allyl and R 10 is — H, an alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 alkyl group) or a halogenated alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 halogenated alkyl group).
  • Phenyl Ring A examples include -F, -Cl, -OCH 3 , -OCF 3 , -CH 3 , ethyl, n-propyl, ⁇ opropyl, allyl, 2-phenylethenyl, 2-phenylethyl, phenyl, -o-biphenyl, -w-biphenyl, -p-biphenyl, -o-CgHjOCHs, -m-C 6 H 4 OCH 3 , - ⁇ -CeH t OC ⁇ , -o-CeH t F, -/n-CeELf and - ⁇ -CeH ⁇ .
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound represented by Structural Formula (XLS):
  • Ar and Ri in Structural Formula (XLI) are as defined above in Structural Formulas (I) and (VT); s is 0, 1 or 2; Ax ⁇ is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group; We is a covalent bond, -Wi-, -CH 2 W ⁇ - or -W ⁇ CH 2 -; W 7 is a covalent bond or -CH 2 - and Wi is as defined above.
  • R t is represented by Structural
  • Formula (II) s is 0 or 1
  • Ari is phenylene (ortho, meta ox para substituted)
  • W 7 is a covalent bond and W ⁇ is -O-.
  • Ar is represented by any one of Structural Formulas (XXVTfT)-(XXXIX) and Ri is represented by Structural Formulas (IH) or (TV).
  • Ar is represented by Structural Formulas (XL) or (XLI) and Ri is represented by Structural Formula (V).
  • Also included in the present invention are methods of treatment as described above, wherein the compound represented by Stractural Formula (XLI) is administered as the therapeutic agent and the use of the compound for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of the PPAR mediated disorders described herein.
  • XLI Stractural Formula
  • the present invention also includes compounds represented by Stractural Formula (I), wherein Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379.
  • R ⁇ is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, i or W 2 and is represented by Structural Formula (H), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Structural Formulas (I) or (VT) wherein Phenyl Ring A is the corresponding phenyl or substituted phenyl group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Stractural Formula (I) wherein W is -(CH 2 ) 3 -O- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (S), more preferably Stractural Formula (IH) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Stractural Formula (I) wherein W is -(CH 2 ) 4 -O- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (H), more preferably Stractural Formula (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Structural Formula (I) wherein
  • W is -(CH 2 ) 5 -O- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Structural Formula (ID, more preferably Structural Formula (TS) or (IV) and even more preferably Stractural Formula (V).
  • Stractural Formula (I) wherein W is -CH 2 -C ⁇ CH- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Structural Formula (S), more preferably Structural Formula (in) or (TV) and even more preferably Stractural Formula (V).
  • Stractural Formula (I) wherein
  • W is -(CH 2 ) 2 -CsCH- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Fonnula (in) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Rj is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Structural Formula (S), more preferably Stractural Formula (ST) or (IV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Structural Formula (I) wherein W is -(CH 2 ) -C ⁇ CH- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Structural Formula (H), more preferably Stractural Formula (ST) ox (TV) and even more preferably Stractural Formula (V).
  • Stractural Formula (I) wherein W is -(CH 2 ) 5 -C ⁇ CH- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Structural Formula (TT), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (IV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Structural Formula (I) wherein W is -CH 2 CO- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (T), more preferably Structural Formula (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Structural Formula (I) wherein
  • W is -(CH 2 ) 2 CO- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Rj is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (TT), more preferably Structural Fonnula (in) or (IV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Stractural Formula (I) wherein W is -(CH 2 ) 3 CO- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Rj is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (IV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • W is represented by the following stractural formula: is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • R ⁇ is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Structural Formula (TT), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Structural Formula (I) is also included in various compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein
  • W is represented by the following structural formula: ; and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W 2 and is represented by Stractural Formula ⁇ TT), more preferably Structural Formula (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Structural Formula (I) wherein Ar-O-W- is the corresponding group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W and is represented by Structural Fonnula (II), more preferably Structural Fonnula (ST) ox (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Structural Formula (I) wherein Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1 -379, W is -CH(CH 3 )W 3 CH(CH 3 )O- and W 3 is a covalent bond, methylene or ethylene.
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Structural Formula (I) wherein
  • Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
  • Prodrugs are compounds of the present invention, which have chemically or metabolically cleavable groups and become by solvolysis or under physiological conditions the compounds of the invention that are pharmaceutically active in vivo.
  • Prodrugs include acid derivatives well known to practitioners of the art, such as, for example, esters prepared by reaction of the parent acidic compound with a suitable alcohol, or amides prepared by reaction of the parent acid compound with a suitable amine.
  • Simple aliphatic or aromatic esters derived from acidic groups pendent on the compounds of this invention are preferred prodrugs.
  • double ester type prodrugs such as (acyloxy) alkyl esters or ((alkoxycarbonyl)oxy)alkyl esters.
  • esters as prodrugs are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, mo ⁇ holinoethyl, and N,N-diethylglycolamido.
  • Methyl ester prodrugs may be prepared by reaction of the acid form of a compound of the present invention in a medium such as methanol with an acid or base esterification catalyst (e.g., NaOH, H 2 SO ). Ethyl ester prodrugs are prepared in similar fashion using ethanol in place of methanol.
  • Mo ⁇ holinylethyl ester prodrugs may be prepared by reaction of the sodium salt of a compound of the present invention (in a medium such as dimethylformamide) with 4-(2-chloroethyl)mo ⁇ holine hydrochloride (available from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA, Item No. C4,220-3).
  • compositions of the present invention are prepared by procedures known in the art using well-known and readily available ingredients.
  • Also included in the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, stereoisomers and solvates of the compounds of the present invention and mixtures of such compounds, salts, hydrates, stereoisomers and/or solvates.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be made with a base which affords a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, which includes alkali metal salts (especially sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metal salts (especially calcium and magnesium), aluminum salts and ammonium salts, as well as salts made from physiologically acceptable organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, mo ⁇ holine, pyridine, piperidine, picoline, dicyclohexylamine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, 2- hydroxyethylamine, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, tri-(2-hy4roxyethyl)amine, procaine, dibenzylpiperidine, N-benzyl- ⁇ -phenethylamine, dehydroabietylamine, N,N'- bisdehydroabietylamine, glucamine, N-methylglucamine, collidine
  • salts may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • Compounds of the present invention that are substituted with a basic group may exist as salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids.
  • the present invention includes such salts.
  • Examples of such salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, methanesulfonates, nitrates, maleates, acetates, citrates, fumarates, tartrates [e.g. (+)-tartrates, (-)-tartrates or mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures, succinates, benzoates and salts with amino acids such as glutamic acid.
  • Certain compounds of the present invention may contain one or more chiral centers, and exist in different optically active forms.
  • compounds of the present invention contain one chiral center, the compounds exist in two enantiomeric forms and the present invention includes both enantiomers and mixtures of enantiomers, such as racemic mixtures.
  • the enantiomers may be resolved by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by formation of diastereoisomeric salts which may be separated, for example, by crystallization; formation of diastereoisomeric derivatives or complexes which may be separated, for example, by crystallization, gas-liquid or liquid chromatography; selective reaction of one enantiomer with an enantiomer-specific reagent, for example enzymatic esterification; or gas-liquid or liquid chromatography in a chiral environment, for example on a chiral support for example silica with a bound chiral ligand or in the presence of a chiral solvent.
  • enantiomers may be synthesized by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one enantiomer into the other by asymmetric transformation.
  • a compound of the present invention has one or more chiral substituent it may exist in diastereoisomeric forms.
  • the diastereoisomeric pairs may be separated by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example chromatography or crystallization and the individual enantiomers within each pair may be separated as described above.
  • the present invention includes each diastereoisomer of such compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • Certain compounds of the present invention may exist in zwitterionic form and the present invention includes each zwitterionic form and mixtures thereof.
  • Certain compounds of the present invention and their salts may exist in more than one crystal form.
  • Polymo ⁇ hs of compounds of the present invention form part of this invention and may be prepared by crystallization of a given compound under different conditions. For example, using different solvents or different solvent mixtures for recrystallization; crystallization at different temperatures; various modes of cooling, ranging from very fast to very slow cooling during crystallization.
  • Polymo ⁇ hs may also be obtained by heating or melting a compound of the present invention followed by gradual or fast cooling.
  • the presence of polymo ⁇ hs may be determined by solid probe nmr spectroscopy, ir spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction or such other techniques.
  • a "subject” is a mammal, preferably a human, but can also be an animal in need of veterinary treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, sheep, pigs, horses, and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, and the like).
  • companion animals e.g., dogs, cats, and the like
  • farm animals e.g., cows, sheep, pigs, horses, and the like
  • laboratory animals e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, and the like.
  • Treatment refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic treatment.
  • Therapeutic treatment refers to preventing the further progression or ameliorate the symptoms associated with a disease or condition.
  • Prophylactic treatment refers to inhibiting, preventing or delaying the onset of the symptoms of a disease or condition in a subject who is at risk for the disease or condition.
  • prophylactic treatment also includes reducing the severity of the symptoms of a disease or condition by treating a subject at rsik for developing the disease or condition before symptoms appear.
  • an "effective amount” or “pharmaceutically effective amount” is intended to include an amount that is sufficient to mediate a disease or condition and prevent its further progression or ameliorate the symptoms associated with the disease or condition.
  • An “effective amount” or “pharmaceutically effective amount” can also include an amount sufficient to prevent or delay the onset of a disease or condition in a patient at risk for developing the disease or condition, i.e., prophylactic treatment. Such amount when administered prophylactically to a patient can also be effective to lessen the severity of the mediated condition.
  • Such an amount is intended to include an amount that is sufficient to modulate a PPAR receptor, such as a PPAR ⁇ or PPAR ⁇ receptor, which mediate a disease or condition.
  • Conditions mediated by PPAR ⁇ or PPAR ⁇ receptors include diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, Syndrome X, obesity and gastrointestinal disease. Other such diseases are described below.
  • the compounds of the present invention and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof have valuable pharmacological properties and can be used in pharmaceutical preparations containing the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include inert solid fillers or diluents and sterile aqueous or organic solutions.
  • the active compound will be present in such pharmaceutical compositions in amounts sufficient to provide the desired dosage amount in the range described herein.
  • Techniques for formulation and administration of the compounds of the instant invention can be found in Remington: the Science and Practice ofPhainnacy, 19 th edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA (1995).
  • the compound or salts thereof can be combined with a suitable solid or liquid carrier or diluent to form capsules, tablets, pills, powders, syrups, solutions, suspensions and the like.
  • the tablets, pills, capsules, and the like may also contain a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacias, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid, a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose lactose or saccharin.
  • a dosage unit form is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as a fatty oil.
  • a liquid carrier such as a fatty oil.
  • Various other materials may be present as coatings or to modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance, tablets may be coated with shellac, sugar or both.
  • a syrup or elixir may contain, in addition to the active ingredient, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and a flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor.
  • Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 0.1 percent of active compound.
  • the percentage of active compound in these compositions may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 2 percent to about 60 percent of the weight of the unit.
  • the amount of active compound in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that an effective dosage will be obtained.
  • the active compounds can also be administered intranasally as, for example, liquid drops or spray.
  • the compounds for use according to the present invention are conveniently delivered in the form of a dry powder inhaler, or an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebuliser, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
  • a suitable propellant e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
  • the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
  • Capsules and cartridges of gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
  • the compounds of the present invention, or salts thereof can be combined with sterile aqueous or organic media to form injectable solutions or suspensions.
  • aqueous or organic media for example, solutions in sesame or peanut oil, aqueous propylene glycol and the like can be used, as well as aqueous solutions of water- soluble pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds.
  • Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols and mixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
  • the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that each syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against any contamination.
  • the carrier can be solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g. glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
  • the injectable solutions prepared in this manner can then be administered intravenously, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly, with intramuscular administration being prefereed in humans.
  • the compounds may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
  • the compounds may also be formulated as a depot preparation.
  • Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation, for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly or by intramuscular injection.
  • implantation for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly or by intramuscular injection.
  • sparingly soluble derivatives for example, as sparingly soluble salts.
  • the effective dosage of active ingredient employed may vary depending on the particular compound employed, the mode of administration, the condition being treated and the severity of the condition being treated.
  • Syndrome X includes pre-diabetic insulin resistance syndrome and the resulting complications thereof, insulin resistance, non-insulin dependent diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia obesity, coagulopathy, hypertension and other complications associated with diabetes.
  • the methods and treatments mentioned herein include the above and encompass the therapeutic treatment and/or prophylaxis of any one of or any combination of the following: hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease
  • compositions are formulated and administered in the same general manner as detailed herein.
  • the compounds of the instant invention may be used effectively alone or in combination with one or more additional active agents depending on the desired target therapy.
  • Combination therapy includes administration of a single pharmaceutical dosage formulation which contains a compound of the present invention and one or more additional active agents, as well as administration of a compound of the present invention and each active agent in its own separate pharmaceutical dosage formulation.
  • a compound of an insulin secretogogue such as biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, insulin, or ⁇ -glucosidose inhibitors can be administered to the patient together in a single oral dosage composition such as a tablet or capsule, or each agent administered in separate oral dosage formulations.
  • a compound of the present invention and one or more additional active agents can be administered at essentially the same time, i.e., concurrently, or at separately staggered times, i.e., sequentially.
  • Combination therapy is understood to include all these regimens.
  • An example of combination therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of atherosclerosis may be wherein a compound of the present invention or a salt thereof is administered in combination with one or more of the following active agents: antihyperlipidemic agents; plasma HDL-raising agents; antihypercholesterolemic agents, fibrates, vitamins, aspirin, and the like.
  • active agents antihyperlipidemic agents; plasma HDL-raising agents; antihypercholesterolemic agents, fibrates, vitamins, aspirin, and the like.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered in combination with more than one additional active agent.
  • combination therapy can be seen in treating (therapeutically or prophylactically) diabetes and related disorders wherein the compounds of the present invention and salts thereof can be effectively used in combination with, for example, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, ⁇ - glucosidase inhibitors, other insulin secretogogues, insulin as well as the active agents discussed above for treating atherosclerosis.
  • An effective amount of a compound of the present invention can be used for the preparation of a medicament useful for treating (therapeutic and prophylactic) hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type ⁇ diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease (especially atherosclerosis), lowering tryglyceride levels, raising the plasma level of high density lipoprotein or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component or other diosorders mediated by a PPAR receptor.
  • an effective amount of a compound of the present invention (1) reduces serum glucose levels of a patient, or more specifically HbAlc, typically by about 0.7%; (2) reduces the serum triglyceride levels of a patient, typically by about 20 %; and/or (3) increases the serum HDL levels in a patient, preferably about 30 %.
  • an effective amount of a compound of the present invention and an effective amount of one or more of the active agents listed above can be used together for the preparation of a medicament useful for the above-described treatments.
  • Preferably compounds of the invention or pharmaceutical formulations containing these compounds are in unit dosage form for administration to a mammal.
  • the unit dosage form can be any unit dosage form known in the art including, for example, a capsule, an TV bag, a tablet, or a vial.
  • the quantity of active ingredient (viz., a compound of the present invention or salts thereof) in a unit dose of composition is a therapeutically effective amount and maybe varied according to the particular treatment involved. It may be appreciated that it may be necessary to make routine variations to the dosage depending on the age and condition of the patient.
  • the dosage will also depend on the route of administration that may be by a variety of routes including oral, aerosol, rectal, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal and intranasal.
  • compositions of the invention are prepared by combining (e.g., mixing) an effective amount of a compound of the invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent.
  • present pharmaceutical formulations are prepared by known procedures using well-known and readily available ingredients.
  • the active ingredient will usually be admixed with a carrier, or diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier that may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container.
  • the carrier when it serves as a diluent, it may be a solid, lyophilized solid or paste, semi-solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), or ointment, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound.
  • the compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated prior to administration.
  • the carrier may be a solid, liquid, or mixture of a solid and a liquid.
  • the compounds of the invention may be dissolved in at a concentration of about 0.05 to about 5.0 mg/ml in a 4% dextrose/0.5% Na citrate aqueous solution.
  • Solid form formulations include powders, tablets and capsules.
  • a solid carrier can be one or more substance that may also act as flavoring agents,, lubricants, solubilisers, suspending agents, binders, tablet disintegrating agents and encapsulating material.
  • Tablets for oral administration may contain suitable excipients such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate, together with disintegrating agents, such as maize, starch, or alginic acid, and/or binding agents, for example, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, or talc.
  • disintegrating agents such as maize, starch, or alginic acid
  • binding agents for example, gelatin or acacia
  • lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, or talc.
  • the carrier is a finely divided solid that is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient.
  • the active ingredient is mixed with a carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
  • compositions containing the compound of the present invention or the salts thereof may be provided in dosage unit form, preferably each dosage unit containing from about 1 to about 500 mg be administered although it will, of course, readily be understood that the amount of the compound or compounds of the present invention actually to be administered will be determined by a physician, in the light of all the relevant circumstances.
  • Powders and tablets preferably contain from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the active ingredient that is the novel compound of this invention.
  • Suitable solid carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, low melting waxes, and cocoa butter.
  • Active Ingredient refers to a compound according to the present invention or salts thereof.
  • Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the following ingredients:
  • the components are blended and compressed to form tablets each weighing 665 mg
  • Formulation 3 An aerosol solution is prepared containing the following components:
  • Propellant 22 (Chlorodifiuoromethane) 74.00
  • Microcrystalline cellulose 35 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone (as 10% solution in water) 4 g Sodium carboxymethyl starch 4.5 mg Magnesium stearate 0.5 mg Talc l mg
  • the Active Ingredient, starch and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly.
  • the aqueous solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powder, and the mixture then is passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve.
  • the granules so produced are dried at 50°C and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve.
  • the sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve, are then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yield tablets each weighing 150 mg.
  • Capsules each containing 80 mg of Active Ingredient, are made as follows:
  • Formulation 6 Suppositories, each containing 225 mg of Active Ingredient, are made as follows:
  • the Active Ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimum heat necessary. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of nominal 2g capacity and allowed to cool.
  • Suspensions each containing 50 mg of Active Ingredient per 5 ml dose, are made as follows:
  • the Active Ingredient is passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and syrup to form a smooth paste.
  • the benzoic acid solution, flavor and color are diluted with a portion of the water and added, with stirring. Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume.
  • Formulation 8 An intravenous formulation may be prepared as follows:
  • the solution of the above materials generally is administered intravenously to a subject at a rate of 1 ml per minute.
  • the compounds of the present invention in general, may be prepared according to the Reaction Schemes described below.
  • the te ⁇ ns "Tail”, “Linker” and “Head” are used as their concept is illustrated below in General Reaction Scheme.
  • Tail— OH + Y j — Linker'— Y 2 Tail — Linker'— Y,
  • Linker' Linker modified to accomodate Y substitution
  • the compounds of the present invention can be divided into three regions designated as Tail, Linker and Head.
  • key bond disconnections occur between each of these 3 regions.
  • a nucleophilic tailpiece is coupled to an electrophilic compound linker-headpiece, which in turn is derived by coupling the linker region with the headpiece by route B.
  • the headpiece can be coupled to the compound tailpiece-linker, derived by coupling the nucleophilic tailpiece with the electophilic linker by route D.
  • the following reaction schemes illustrate more detailed synthetic routes to prepare the compounds of the present invention.
  • Reaction Scheme A shows the preparation of a general headpiece of the present compounds.
  • Condensation of an aromatic aldehyde (1) with an alpha- alkoxyacetic acid ester (2) in the presence of a suitable base, such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide yields hydroxyester (3).
  • the free hydroxyl group is converted into a leaving group by treatment with either methanesulfonyl chloride or trifluoroacetic anhydride.
  • a suitable base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
  • Ester hydrolysis of (5) using aqueous hydroxide solution affords acid compound (6), which can be resolved into the corresponding enantiomers by using an appropriate chiral amine, such as (-)-cinchonidine.
  • the acid (7) can be esterified using the appropriate alcohol under acidic conditions, such as ethanol and sulfuric acid, or an alkyl halide under basic conditions, such as cesium carbonate in DMF to give compound (8).
  • R, R' H or alkyl
  • a Claisen rearrangement can be used to alkylate the headpiece.
  • Aryl alcohol (15) is treated with an allyl bromide in the presence of a suitable base, such as NaH to give allyl ether (16).
  • Heating the ether compound (16) in dimethylaniline affords the allylated headpiece compound (17).
  • halogen substitution can be introduced into the headpiece by treating aryl alcohol (18) with an N-halosuccinimide in organic solvent to yield the compound (19).
  • the compound (19) then undergoes a coupling reaction in the presence of palladium catalyst to yield the corresponding aryl and styrenyl compounds (20).
  • L Linker: aliphatic, aralkyl, heteroalkylene
  • X Cl, Br, I
  • Reaction Scheme E illustrates a synthesis of the present compounds by the general linker-headpiece route (General Scheme, routes A and B).
  • the headpiece compoud (21) is coupled with a suitably monoprotected diol using a trialkylphosphine or triarylphosphine and an azodicarboxylate derivative (Mitsunobu conditions) to yield aryl ether (22).
  • aryl ether (22) Deprotection of the alcohol function in the linker affords the compound (23), which then undergoes Mitsunobu coupling reaction with a tailpiece aryl alcohol (ArOH) to give compound (24). Further ester hydrolysis affords acid compound (25).
  • the alcohol compound (23) can be converted to the corresponding halide (26) using a carbon tetrahalide and triphenylphosphine.
  • a carbon tetrahalide and triphenylphosphine Treatment of compound (26) with a tailpiece aryl alcohol (ArOH) in the presence of a suitable base, such as cesium carbonate affords compound (24), which then undergoes hydrolysis to give acid compound (25).
  • Reaction Scheme F Synthesis of Head-Linker
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by the general tailpiece-linker to headpiece route (General Scheme, route C).
  • the headpiece compound of alcohol (27) is treated with a tailpiece-r linker halide (ArO-L-X) in the presence of a suitable base, such as potassium or cesium carbonate to afford the compound (28), which then undergoes ester hydrolysis to yield acid compound (29).
  • a suitable base such as potassium or cesium carbonate
  • the headpiece can be attached to a resin allowing for a solid phase synthesis of the target compounds.
  • Carboxylic acid (30) is attached to a suitable resin, such as the Wang resin, using an appropriate coupling reagent, such as diisopropyl carbodiimide (DIPC).
  • DIPC diisopropyl carbodiimide
  • Cleavage of the aryl alcohol protecting group, such as a tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether (t-BuMe 2 Si) with the appropriate reagent, such as tetra- «-butylammonium fluoride gives aryl alcohol (32).
  • the tail and linker regions are introduced as described in Reaction Schemes E and F to produce the compound (33).
  • the carboxylic acid (34) can be released from the resin under suitable conditions, such as trifluoroacetic acid.
  • Reaction Scheme H Synthesis of Head-Linker
  • Reaction Scheme H illustrates a synthetic route to prepare the compounds of the present invention having alkynyl linkers.
  • the headpiece compound (35) can be converted to the corresponding aryl triflate (36) (or aryl iodide) using phenyl triflamide and an appropriate base, such as NaH.
  • the palladium catalyzed coupling reaction of compound (36) with an alkynyl alcohol gives the linker-headpiece intermediate (37).
  • Coupling of compound (37) with various tailpiece alcohols can be achieved as described in Reaction Scheme E to afford the compound (38), which then undergoes a hydrolysis to yield the acid compound (40).
  • Reaction Scheme I Synthesis of Head-Linker
  • the headpiece compound of triflate (41) can be combined with a tailpiece-linker to give the coupled compound (42) in one step as shown in Reaction Scheme I.
  • the compound (42) then undergoes a hydrolysis to give the acid compound (43).
  • the headpiece compound of triflate (44) can be coupled with trimethylsilylacetylene using palladium catalysis to give the acetylenic headpiece (45) after fluoride mediated cleavage of the silyl group.
  • the alkyne (45) is hydrolyzed under aqueous acidic conditions to the methyl ketone, which is then brominated with a suitable agent, such as copper (I) bromide to give bromoketone (46).
  • a suitable agent such as copper (I) bromide
  • bromoketone 46
  • Treatment of the compound (46) with a tailpiece aryl alcohol in the presence of a suitable base, such as potassium carbonate and aqueous base hydrolysis affords the acid compound (47).
  • an alkyne function in the linker region of the present compounds can be modified.
  • the alkyne can be oxidized to ketone to give compound (49) by using an appropriate oxidizing agent, such as mercuric oxide.
  • the ketone can be further modified to the corresponding oximes (51) by treatment with an alkoxyamine followed by hydrolysis.
  • the allcynyl function can be reduced to the alkylene as in compound (50) by using an appropriate reducing agent, such as hydrogen over palladium-on-carbon.
  • Reaction Scheme L illustrates various synthetic routes to the linker region.
  • 1,3-propane diol (52) is converted to the cyclic sulfonate ester (53) upon treatment with thionyl chloride followed by appropriate oxidation reagents, such as ruthenium trichloride and sodium periodate.
  • Ring opening of the intermediate (53) is effected upon treatment with a tailpiece alcohol and a suitable base such as potassium tert-butoxide, followed by an acidic workup procedure to give the linker alcohol compound (54).
  • the alcohol is then converted to the halide by using an appropriate reagent, such as a carbontetrahalide and a triarylphosphine to afford the compound (55).
  • the compound of dibromo-linker (56) is reacted with approximately one mole equivalent of the tailpiece aryl alcohol in the presence of a suitable base, such as potassium carbonate to give the bromo-ether compound (57).
  • 1,3-propane diol (60) is converted to the halide (61), which is then reacted with the headpiece aryl alcohol under the Mitsunobu reaction condition to give the bromo-ether compound (62).
  • Reaction Scheme M illustrates the synthetic routes to compounds with aryl- containing linkers.
  • route (a) The compound of headpiece triflate (60) is coupled with an arylboronic acid in the presence of palladium catalyst. Reduction of the intermediate aldehyde using a suitable reagent such as sodium borohydride, affords the arylic alcohol compound (61).
  • the compound (61) can be coupled with the tailpiece aryl alcohol (ArOH) under Mitsunobu conditions followed by ester hydrolysis to give the acid compound (62).
  • the headpiece alcohol (63) is coupled with approximately one mole equivalent of aryl dibromide in the presence of palladium catalyst to give aryl bromide (64).
  • the compound (64) is then coupled similarly to the tailpiece aryl alcohol (ArOH) followed by ester hydrolysis to afford the acid compound (65).
  • Reaction Scheme N shows a synthetic route to modify the tailpiece region of the present compounds.
  • the compound of ⁇ r ⁇ -fluorobenzophenone (66) is treated with a suitable nucleophile such as secondary amines and alkoxides, and then subjected to ester hydrolysis to give the acid compound (67).
  • the carbonyl function of benzophenone (68) can be reduced by using an appropriate reagent, such as hydrogen over palladium-on-carbon to yield the corresponding alcohol (69) after ester hydrolysis.
  • the ketone moiety of compound (68) can be also modified to the corresponding oximes (70) by treatment with an alkoxyamine followed by hydrolysis.
  • Reaction Scheme O shows the synthetic routes to prepare the tailpiece region of the compounds.
  • a Claisen rearrangement is used to alkylate the tailpiece aryl ring as shown in route (a).
  • Aryl alcohol (71) is treated with an allyl bromide in the presence of a suitable base, such as NaH to give allyl ether (72). Heating this ether in dimethylaniline gives the allylated headpiece (73).
  • Solid phase methods to synthesize the tailpiece are described in route (b).
  • Aryl alcohol is coupled to a suitable resin, such as the Wang resin under Mitsunobu conditions. Coupling the resin with a nitro aryl alcohol gives an intermediate that is reduced under appropriate conditions, such as tin (TT) chloride in DMF to give aniline (74).
  • TT tin
  • the nitrogen function is reacted further with suitable reagents, such as isocyanates, acid chlorides or chloroformates to give the corresponding ureas, carbamates and amides, respectively.
  • suitable reagents such as isocyanates, acid chlorides or chloroformates to give the corresponding ureas, carbamates and amides, respectively.
  • Cleavage from the resin under acidic conditions such as trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane affords the amino substituted tailpiece of aryl alcohol compound (75).
  • iodo aryl alcohol gives iodide intermediate (76).
  • the aryl iodide (76) then can be coupled directly with aryl boronic acids under palladium catalysis to give biaryl tailpiece aryl alcohols (77) upon cleavage from the resin under acidic condition.
  • Iodide intermediate (76) can also be converted to the trialkylstannane (78) in the presence of palladium catalyst. Subsequent palladium catalyzed coupling with suitable reagents, such as acid chloride and upon cleavage from the resin under acidic condition afford the carbonyl substituted tailpiece aryl alcohol compound (79).
  • Standard Procedure (G) The reaction was carried out in a polypropylene syringe equipped with a polypropylene frit. A suspension of the resin-linked alcohol (1 eq) was suspended in a mixture 1:1 THF/CH 2 C1 2 (0.015 M). A solution of phenol (10 eq) dissolved in a mixture of 1 : 1 THF/CH 2 C1 2 was added followed by a mixture of triphenylphosphine (5 eq) and diisopropylazo-dicarboxylate (5 eq) in THF/CH 2 C1 2 1:1. The mixture was shaken at room temperature overnight, and the reaction solvent was removed.
  • the resin was washed sequentially with 1 : 1 THF/CH 2 C1 2 (2x), THF (2x), CH 2 C1 2 (2x), DMF (2x), CH 2 C1 2 (2x), methanol, and CH 2 C1 2 (2x).
  • the resin was dried under vacuum for 5 h and treated with 50% TFA in CH 2 C1 2 .
  • the solution was filtered and concentrated, and the residue was purified by HPLC- MS chromatography to produce the desired product.
  • Step B r2S-3-[4- ⁇ -Hvdroxy-prop-l-ynyD-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
  • the title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (from Example 1, Step B) via the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce a white solid of the title compound.
  • Step A f2S)-3-r4-f3-Chloro-prop-l-ynylVphenyl1-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
  • Step B f2SV3-(4-[5-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy -pent-l-ynyl]-phenyll-2-methoxy-propionic acid
  • the title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(5-hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and 4-phenylphenol via the standard
  • Step B f2SV2-Methoxy-3- (4-[4-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-but-l -ynyl]-phenyl j -propionic acid
  • the title compound was prepared from 1 -but-3 -ynyloxy-4-phenyloxybenzene and (2S)-2-methoxy-3 -(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 1, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step C.
  • the ethyl ester derivative was contaminated with starting triflate.
  • the mixture was hydrolyzed using the Standard Procedure C.
  • This compound was prepared from (4-but-3-ynyloxy-phenyl)- ⁇ henylmethanone and (2S)-2-Methoxy-3 -(4-trifluoromethane-sulfonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 1, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 38, Step C (66 %).
  • This compound was prepared from 4-fluoro-hydroxybenzophenone and toluene-4- sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (Example 40, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step B.
  • This compound was prepared from 6-hydroxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)benzofurane and toluene-4-sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (Example 40, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step B.
  • Step B r2SV3-( , 4-(4-[3-r4-Fluoro-phenv ⁇ -benzofuran-6-yloxy]-but-l-ynyl ⁇ -phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid
  • This compound was prepared from trifluoromethylphenoxyphenol and toluene-4- sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (Example 40, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step B.
  • Step B f2SV2-Methoxy-3- 4-[4-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-but-l-ynyl1- phenyll-propionic acid
  • the title compound was prepared from 7-hydroxyflavone by the Standard coupling- hydrolisis Procedure A but using for the Mitsounobu reaction toluene as solvent and
  • the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with R f S 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated.
  • the mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 75 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55 °C for 3 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC0 3 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL).
  • the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with RS 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated.
  • the mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 75 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC0 3 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL).
  • the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with R S 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated.
  • the mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 75 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC0 3 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL).
  • Step A f2S-3- ⁇ 4-[4-r4-Benzoyl- ⁇ henoxyVbutyryl]-phenyl ⁇ -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
  • (2S)-3- ⁇ 4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-but-l-ynyl]phenyl ⁇ -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.08 g, 0.17 mmol) was dissolved in 4 mL of methanol. To this solution was added 3 mL of a solution of 0.075 g of mercury (II) oxide in 12 mL of 4% sulfuric acid. The mixture was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 20 mL saturated NaHC0 3 solution.
  • Step B 3-(4-[4-C4-Benzoyl-phenoxy -butyryl]-phenyll-2-metl ⁇ oxy-propionic acid
  • Step B f2SV2-Methoxy-3-(4- 4-r4-phenoxy-phenoxyVbutyryl]-phenyll-propionic acid
  • the title compound was prepared from (2S)-3- ⁇ 4-[4-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-butyryTJ- phenyl ⁇ -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester via the standard hydrolysis procedure C.
  • the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with R f S 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated.
  • the mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 0-712 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 12 ml of4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC0 3 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL).
  • the mixture was concenfrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with R f S 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) co ⁇ esponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated. The mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 0.712 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 12 ml of 4% sulfuric acid in water.
  • the solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC0 3 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgS0 ), and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 6 mL of methanol and 2 mL of IN NaOH and stirred for 2 hours. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum, and the aqueous solution was diluted with brine (6 mL) and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL).
  • the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with R f S 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated.
  • the mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 0.712 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 12 ml of 4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC0 3 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL).

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Abstract

Disclosed is a compound represented by Structural Formula (I): Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. Q is a covalent bond, -CH2-or-CH2CH2-; W is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene linking group from two to ten atoms in length, preferably from two to seven atoms in length. Phenyl Ring A is optionally substituted with up to four substituents in addition to R1 and W. R1 is (CH2)n-CH(OR2)-(CH2)mE, -(CH)=C(OR2)-(CH2)mE, -(CH2)n-CH(Y)-(CH2)mE or (CH)=C(Y)-(CH2)mE; wherein E is COOR3, C1-C3 alkylnitrile, carboxamide, sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide or tetrazole and wherein sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide and tetrazole are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: C1-C6 alkyl, haloalkyl and aryl-C0-4-alkyl; R2 is H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, haloalkyl, an aromatic group, a substituted aromatic group, -COR4, -COOR4, -CONR5R6, -C(S)R4, -C(S)OR4 or C(S)NR5R6. R3 is H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group. Y is O-, CH2-, -CH2CH2- or CH=CH- and is bonded to a carbon atom in Phenyl Ring A that is ortho to R1. R4-R6 are independently H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group. n and m are independently 0, 1 or 2.

Description

MODULATORS OF PEROXISOME PROL1FERATOR ACTIVATED
RECEPTORS
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application 60/297,144, filed 07 June 2001, the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THEINVENTION
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor gene family that are activated by fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. The PPARs belong to the subset of nuclear receptors that function as heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR). Three subtypes, designated PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, are found in species ranging horn enopus to humans.
PPARα is the main subtype in the liver and has facilitated analysis of the mechanism by which peroxisome proliferators exert their pleiotropic effects. PPARα is activated by a number of medium and long-chain fatty acids, and it is involved in stimulating β-oxidation of fatty acids. PPARα is also involved with the activity of fibrates and fatty acids in rodents and humans. Fibric acid derivatives such as clofibrate, fenofibrate, bezafibrate, ciprofibrate, becloiϊbrate and etofibrate, as well as gemfibrozil, produce a substantial reduction in plasma triglycerides along with moderate reduction in low-density Kpoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and they are used particularly for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.
PPARγ is the main subtype in adipose tissue and involved in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation. PPARγ is not involved in stimulating peroxisome proliferation in the liver. There are two isomers of PPARγ: PPARγ 1 and PPARγ2, which differ only in that PPARγ2 conatins an additional 28 amino acids present at the amino terminus. The DNA sequences for the PPARγ receptors are described in Elbrecht, et al., BBRC 224;431-437 (1996). Although peroxisome proliferators, including the fibrates and fatty acids, activate the transcriptional activity of PPAR's, only prostaglandin J2 derivatives have been identified as natural ligands for PPARγ, which also binds the anti-diabetic agents thiazolidinediones with high affinity. The physiological functions of PPARα and PPARγ in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were uncovered once it was recognized that they were the receptors for the fibrate and glitazone drugs, repectively. PPARα and PPARγ receptors have been implicated in diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and gastrointestinal disease, such as inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammation related illnesses. Such inflammation related illnesses include, but are not limited to Alzheimer's disease, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and ischemia reprofusion injury.
By contrast, PPARδ (also referred to as PPARβ and NUCl) is not reported to be receptor for any known class of drug molecules, and its role in mammalian physiology has remained undefined. The human nuclear receptor gene PPARδ (hPPARδ) has been cloned from a human osteosarcoma cell cDNA library and is fully described in A. Schmidt et al., Molecular Endocrinology, 6:1634-1641 (1992). Diabetes is a disease in which a mammal's ability to regulate glucose levels in the blood is impaired because the mammal has a reduced ability to convert glucose to glycogen for storage in muscle and liver cells. In Type I diabetes, this reduced ability to store glucose is caused by reduced insulin production. "Type II Diabetes" or "non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM) is the form of diabetes, which is due to a profound resistance to insulin stimulating or regulatory effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in the main insulin-sensitive tissues, muscle, liver and adipose tissue. This resistance to insulin responsiveness results in insufficient insulin activation of glucose uptake, oxidation and storage in muscle and inadequate insulin repression of Hpolysis in adipose tissue and of glucose production and secretion in liver. When these cells become desensitized to insulin, the body tries to compensate by producing abnormally high levels of insulin and hyperinsulemia results. Hyperinsulemia is associated with hypertension and elevated body weight. Since insulin is involved in promoting the cellular uptake of glucose, amino acids and triglycerides from the blood by insulin sensitive cells, insulin insensitivity can result in elevated levels of triglycerides and LDL (known as the "bad" cholesterol) which are risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. The constellation of symptoms which includes hyperinsulemia combined with hypertension, elevated body weight, elevated triglycerides and elevated LDL is known as Syndrome X. Hyperlipidemia is a condition which is characterized by an abnormal increase in serum lipids, such as cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. These lipids do not circulate freely in solution in plasma, but are bound to proteins and transported as macromolecular complexes called lipoproteins. One form of hyperlipidemia is hypercholesterolemia, characterized by the existence of elevated LDL cholesterol levels. The initial treatment for hypercholesterolemia is often a diet low in fat and cholesterol coupled with appropriate physical exercise. Drug intervention is initiated if LDL-lowering goals are not met by diet and exercise alone. It is desirable to lower elevated levels of LDL cholesterol and increase levels of HDL cholesterol. Generally, it has been found that increased levels of HDL are associated with lower risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). See Gordon, et al., Am. J. Med., 62, 707-714 (1977); Stampfer, et al., N. England J. Med., 325, 373- 381 (1991); and Kannel, et al., Ann. Internal Med., 90, 85-91 (1979). An example of an HDL raising agent is nicotinic acid, but the quantities needed to achieve HDL elevation are associated with undesirable effects, such as flushing.
There are several treatments currently available for treating diabetes mellitus but these treatments still remain unsatisfactory and have limitations. While physical exercise and reduction in dietary intake of calories will improve the diabetic condition, compliance with this approach can be poor because of sedentary lifestyles and excess food consumption, in particular high fat-containing food. Therefore, treatment with hypoglycemics, such as sulfonylureas (e.g., chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide and acetohexamide) and biguanides (e.g. phenformin and metformin) are often necessary as the disease progresses. Sulfonylureas stimulate the β cells of the pancreas to secrete more insulin as the disease progresses. However, the response of the β cells eventually fails and treatment with insulin injections is necessary. In addition, both sulfonylurea treatment and insulin injection have the life threatening side effect of hypoglycemic coma, and thus patients using these treatments must carefully control dosage.
It has been well established that improved glycemic control in patients with diabetes (Type I and Type IT) is accompanied by decreased microvasclular complications (DCCT and UKPDS). Due to difficulty in maintaining adequate glycemic control over time in patients with Type II diabetes, the use of insulin sensitizers in the therapy of Type II diabetes is growning. There is also a growing body of evidence that PPARγ agonist, insulin sensitizer, may have benefits in the treatment of Type II diabetes beyond their effects in improving glycemic control. In the last decade a class of compounds known as thiazolidinediones (e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,089,514; 4,342,771; 4,367,234; 4,340,605; and 5,306,726) have emerged as effective anidiabetic agents that have been shown to increase the sensitivity of insulin sensitive tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose, to insulin. Increasing insulin sensitivity rather than the amount of insulin in the blood reduces the likelihood of hypoglycemic coma. Although thiazolidinediones have been shown to increase insulin sensitivity by binding to PPARγ receptors, this treatment also produces unwanted side effects such as weight gain and, for troglitazone, liver toxicity. In view of the above, there exists a need for new pharmaceutical agents which modulate these receptors to prevent, treat and/or alleviate these diseases or conditions while ameliorating side effects of current treatments.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Disclosed herein are novel α-methoxy cinnamates which are modulators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR). Many of these novel α-methoxy cinnamates have the advantage over previously known PPAR modulators in that they selectively bind at peroxisome proliferator activated receptor modulators. Based on this discovery, methods of modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor in a subject in need of such modulation, methods of treating a subject for Type II diabetes, methods of treating a subject for cardiovascular disease, methods of treating a subject for Syndrome X and methods of treating a subject with other PPAR-mediated diseases and conditions are disclosed herein.
One embodiment of the present invention is a compound represented by Structural Formula (I):
Figure imgf000006_0001
The variables in Structural Formula (I) are defined below.
Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. Preferably, Ar is an unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted aromatic group.
Q is a covalent bond, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2- or -CH2CH2CH2CH2- . Preferably, Q is a covalent bond.
W is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group two to ten atoms in length or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene group, wherein the heteroalkylene group is an alkylene group from two to ten atoms in length in which one or more methylene groups have been replaced with a functional group selected from -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -O-, -CO-, -NR7-, -NR7CO-, -C(=NOH)- , -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2- or -CH(NR7R8)-.
Phenyl Ring A is optionally substituted with up to four substituents in addition to Ri and W.
Rt is -(CH2)n-CH(OR2)-(CH2)mE, -(CH)=C(OR2)-(CH2)mE, -(CH2)n-CH(Y)-(CH2)mE or -(CH)=C(Y)-(CH2)mE. E is COOR3) C1-C3 -alkylnitrile, carboxamide, sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide or tetrazole and wherein sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide and tetrazole are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl and aryl-CO-4-alkyl. Preferably Ri is -(CH2)n-CH(OR2)-(CH2)mCOOR3, - (CH)=C(OR2)-(CH2)mCOOR3, -(CH2)n-CH(Y)-(CH2)ffiCOOR3 or- (CH)=C(Y)-(CH2)mCOOR3. More preferably Rt is meta ox para to W and is represented by Structural Formula (H), even more preferably by Structural Formulas (HI) or (IV) and even more preferably by Structural Formula (V):
Figure imgf000007_0001
R2 is -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, haloalkyl, an aralkyl group, a substituted aralkyl group, an aromatic group, a substituted aromatic group, -COR4, -COOR4, -CONR5R6, -C(S)R4) -C(S)OR4 or -C(S)NR5R6.
Y is -O-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2- or a -CH=CH- group that is bonded to a carbon atom in Phenyl Ring A that is ortho to R\. Thus, Y, together with the two carbon atoms to which Y is bonded and the intervening carbon atoms, form a ring that is fused to Phenyl Ring A.
R3-R8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group. n and m are independently 0, 1 or 2. In Structural Formula (I), preferably, R2 is a C1-C6 lower alkyl group, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl; and R3 is -H or a C1-C6 alkyl group (more preferably C1-C3 alkyl group).
In another embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (VT):
Figure imgf000007_0002
The variables in Structural Formula (VI) are defined below.
Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. Preferably, Ar is an unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted aromatic group. W is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene linking group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene linking group from two to ten atoms in length, preferably from two to seven atoms in length.
Phenyl Ring A is optionally substituted with up to four substituents in addition to Ri.
Ri is -(CH2)n-CH(OR2)-(CH2)mCOOR3, -(CH)=C(OR2)-(CH2)mCOOR3, -(CH2)n-CH(Y)-(CH2)mCOOR3 or-(CH)=C(Y)-(CH2)mCOOR3. Preferably Rj is meta or para to W and is represented by Stractural Formula (H), more preferably by Structural Formula (IH) and even more preferably by Structural Formula {TV). Structural Formulas (II)-(V) are shown above.
R2 is -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, -COR;, -COOR;, -CONRsRe, -C(S)R4, -C(S)OR4 or -C(S)NR5R6.
Y is -O-, -CH -, -CH2CH2- or -CH=CH- and is bonded to a carbon atom in Phenyl Ring A that is ortho to i.
R3-Re are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aryl group or a substituted aryl group. n and m are independently 0, 1 or 2. In Structural Formula (VI), preferably, R2 is a C1-C6 lower alkyl group, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl; and R3 is -H or a Cl -C3 lower alkyl group.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR). The method comprises the step of contacting the receptor with at least one of the compounds of the present invention. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in a subject in need of modulation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, i.e., treating a PPAR- gamma mediated disease in a subject. The method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for lowering blood-glucose in a subject in need of such treatment. The method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a subject for hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component. The method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a subject with diabetes mellitus, The method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a subject for cardiovascular disease. The method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of treating a subject for Syndrome X. The method comprises the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the present invention.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of the present invention for use in therapy. The therapy can be, for example, to treat Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Syndrome X or a disorder modulated by a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor.
Another embodiment of the present invention is the use of a compound of the present invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component or other disorders modulated by a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one compound of the present invention.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a method of preparing a compound represented by Structural Formula (VTI) from a starting compound represented by Stractural Formula (VuT):
Figure imgf000010_0001
(vm). The method comprises the step of hydrolyzing the ester group in the starting compound. Phenyl Ring A, Ar, Q, W, R2 and R3 are as described for Structural Formulas (I) or (VI). Q in Structural Formulas (VH) and (Vm) is preferably a covalent bond.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is one of the novel compounds described herein, wherein the compound is radioactively labeled, i.e., comprises a radioactive isotope (e.g., 3H or 14C) at a specific site in the compound at level significantly greater than the natural abundance of the isotope. "Significantly greater than natural abundance" means that the amount of isotope greater than natural abundance can be assessed by suitable means (e.g., scintillation counting). Radiolabeled, preferably tritiated, (S)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxyj- phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid is one example of a radiolabeled compound of the invention. Radiolabeled compounds, can be advantageously used to assess binding of test compound to PPARγ.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a method for determining whether a compound does or does not interact directly (e.g., binds) with PPARγ. The method comprises the step of specifically binding a radioactively labeled compound described herein to the ligand binding domain of a PPARγ receptor. The receptor is then combined with a test compound and the amount of specific binding of the radioactively labeled compound is assessed. Any decrease in the binding of the radiolabeled compound indicates that the test compound interacts directly with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates, stereoisomers thereof lower one or more of the following in mammals: glucose, insulin, triglycerides, fatty acids and/or cholesterol. They are therefore believed to be effective in treating hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component or other disorders modulated by a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the Schemes, Preparations and Examples below, various reagent symbols and abbreviations have the following meanings:
BESfAP 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-l5l'-binaphthyl Boc t-butoxycarbonyl CBZ benzyloxycarbonyl
DCM dichloromethane
DEAD diethyl azodicarboxylate
DIAD diisopropyl azodicarboxylate
DIPEA diisopropylethylamine
DMAP 4-dimethylamino pyridine
DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
DMSO dimethylsulfoxide eq. equivalent(s)
10 EDC 1 -(3 -dimethylaminopropyl)-3 -ethylcarbodumide HCl
ESI-MS electron spray ion-mass spectroscopy
Et ethyl
EtOAc ethyl acetate
FMOC 9-Flurorenylmethyl carbamate
15 HATU O-(7-azabenzotriazol- 1 -yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluromum hexafluorophosphate
HOAT: 1 -hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
HOBT 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate
HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
20 HRMS high resolution mass
LRMS low resolution mass
Me methyl
Ms methanesulfonyl
Pd2(dba)3 tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(O)
25 Ph phenyl
Phe phenylalanine
Pr propyl r.t. room temperature
TBAF tetrabutylammonium fluoride
30 TBS tertbutyldimethylsilyl
TFA trifluoroacetic acid TEA . triethylamine
THF tetrahydrofuran
Tic l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
TLC thin-layer chromatography
In one preferred embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (TX):
Figure imgf000013_0001
Ar, Phenyl Ring A and Ri in Structural Formula (DC) are as defined in Structural Formulas (I) or (VI). Ri is preferably para to i and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formulas (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably, Structural Formula (V). p is an integer from one to nine, preferably one to four.
Wi is -O-, -C(O)-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -NR8-, -NR8CO-, -NR8CH-, -C(=NOH)- or -CH(NR7R8)-.
R7 and R8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group. In a more preferred embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by a stractural formula selected from Structural Formulas (X)-(XVrfl):
Figure imgf000013_0002
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000015_0001
Ar, Phenyl Ring A, R2 and R in Structural Formulas (X)-(XDC) are as described for Structural Formula (DC). Preferably, R2 and R3 are as described for Structural Formula (II). More preferably, -CH2CH(OR2)COOR3 in Structural Formulas (X)-(XLX) is represented by Structural Formulas (IE) or (IV) and even more preferably by Stractural Formula (V).
In another preferred embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (XX):
Figure imgf000015_0002
Ar and Phenyl Ring A in Stractural Formula (XX) are as described for Structural Formulas (I) or (VI) and t is an integer from 1 to about 5.
In a more preferred embodiment, Ri in structural Formula (XX) is para to the carbon bonded to the alkyne group and is represented by Stractural Formula (II), more preferably by Stractural Formulas (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably by Structural Formula (V). Preferably, t is 1, 2 or 3.
In another preferred embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (XXI):
Figure imgf000016_0001
Ar and Phenyl Ring A in Structural Formula (XXI) are as described for Stractural Formulas (T) or (VI). p is zero, one or two. W2 is -O-, -C(O)-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -NRg-, -NR8CO-, -NR8CH-, -C(=NOH)- or -CH(NR7R8)-. W2 is preferably -O-.
R7 and R8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group.
Rn and Rι2 are independently a C1-C6 alkyl group (preferably C1-C3 alkyl group), or, taken together are a substituted or unsubstituted ethylene, propylene or butylene group.
In a more preferred embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by a structural formula selected from Stractural Formulas (XXH)- (XXVI):
Figure imgf000016_0002
Figure imgf000017_0001
Ar and Phenyl Ring A in Structural Formulas (XXH) - (XXVT) are as described for Structural Formula (XXI) and R2 and R3 in Stractural Formulas (XXII)- (XXVI) are as described in Structural Formula (H). In Structural Fonnula (XXVT), W3 is a covalent bond, methylene or ethylene and Rι3 and Rι4 are methyl, ethyl or propyl and are the same or different, preferably the same. Preferably, -CH2CH(OR2)COOR3 in Structural Formulas (XXII)- (XXVI) is represented by Structural Formulas (HI) or (IV), more preferably by Structural Formula (V). In another preferred embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (XXVH):
Figure imgf000017_0002
Ar, Phenyl Ring A, R2 and R3 in Stractural Formulas (XXVTf) are as described for Structural Formulas (I) or (VI); W4 and W5 are independently methylene or ethylene; and Ris is -H and Rι6 is a C1-C6 alkyl group (preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl), or R15 and Riβ, taken together, are =O or =CH2. Preferably, -CH2CH(OR2)COOR3 in Stractural Formula (XXVTf) is represented by Structural Fonnulas (TS) or (TV), more preferably by Structural Formula (V).
An "aliphatic group" is non-aromatic, consists solely of carbon and hydrogen and may optionally contain one or more units of unsaturation, e.g., double and/or triple bonds. An aliphatic group may be straight chained, branched or cyclic. When straight chained or branched, an aliphatic group typically contains between about 1 ahd about 10 carbon atoms, more typically between about 1 and about 6 carbon atoms. When cyclic, an aliphatic group typically contains between about 3 and about 10 carbon atoms, more typically between about 3 and about 7 carbon atoms. Aliphatic groups are preferably C1-C10 straight chained or branched alkyl groups (i.e., completely saturated aliphatic groups), more preferably C1-C6 straight chained or branched alkyl groups. Examples include methyl, ethyl, ra-propyl, isø-propyl, n- butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl.
A "haloaliphatic group" is an aliphatic group, as defined above, substituted with one or more halogen atoms. A "haloalkyl group" is an alkyl group (i.e., a saturated aliphatic group), as defined above, substituted with one or more halogen atoms. Examples included - CF3, -CHF2, -CH2F, -CF2CF3 and the like.
An "aralkyl group" is an alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group, preferably a phenyl group. A preferred aralkyl group is a benzyl group. Suitable aromatic groups are described below and suitable alkyl groups are described above. Suitable substituents for an aralkyl group are described below.
An "aralkenyl group" is an alkenyl group substituted with an aromatic group. An "alkenyl group" is an aliphatic group with one or more carbon carbon double bonds. Suitable aromatic groups are described below. Suitable aliphatic groups are defined above. Suitable substituents for an aralkenyl group are described below.
An "allyl group" has the formula "-CH2CH=CH2. Suitable substituents for an allyl group are described below
An "alkylene group" is a polymethylene group, i.e., -(CH2)n-, wherein n is a positive integer. Preferably, n is an integer from about 2 to about 10, more preferably from about 2 to about 7. A "substituted alkylene group" is an alkylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents are described below.
An "arylene" is an aromatic group in which at least two carbon atoms are bonded to moieties other than hydrogen. Suitable arylene groups are those corresponding to the aromatic groups described herein. A "sulfonamide group" is represented by -S(O)2NH2. A "substituted sulfonamide group" is represented by -S(O)2N(R)2, wherein each R is independently -H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl or aryl-C0-C4-alkyl and at least one R is not -H. An "acylsulfonamide group" is represented by -S(O)2NH-C(O)-R wherein R is -H or a C1-C6 alkyl group or a C1-C6 haloalkyl group. A "substituted acylsulfonamide group" is represented by -S(O)2NR'-C(O)R, wherein R is -H or a C1-C6 alkyl group or C1-C6 haloalkyl group and R' is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl or aryl-C0-C4-alkyl.
The term "heteroalkylene group" refers to an alkylene group in which one or more methylene groups have been replaced by a functional group, e.g.,
-(CH2)p-Z-(CH2)q- wherein p is a positive integer and q is zero or a positive integer such that p + q is less than 10 and Z is a functional group. Examples of suitable functional groups include -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -O-, -CO-, -NR8-, -NR8CO-, -C(=NOH)- , -S(O)k- and -CH(NR7R8)- wherein each R7 and each R8 is independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group; and k is 0, 1 or 2. Preferably, a heteroalkylene group is between about 2 and 10 atoms in length. For purposes of determining the length of a heteroalkylene group, in this application a functional group is considered to be one atom. Thus, for example, -(CH2)3-CO-NH-(CH2)2- is six atoms in length (five methylene carbons and a functional group); and -(CH2)3-C(=NOH)-(CH2)2- is also six atoms in length (five methylene carbons and an oxime carbon). Examples of preferced heteroalkylene groups include -(CH2)2-O-, -(CH2)3-O-, -(CH2)4-O-, - -CH2-C≡CH-, -(CH2)2-C≡CH-, -(CH2)3-C≡CH-, -(CH2)4-C≡CH-, -(CH2)5-C≡CH-, -(CH2)CO-, -(CH2)2CO-, -(CH2)3CO-, -(CH2)4CO-, -(CH2)2-C(=NOH)-, -(CH2)3-C(=NOH)-, -(CH2)4-C(=NOH)-, -(CH2)2-NR8-, -(CH2)3-NR8-, -(CH2)4-NR8-, -(CH2)2-NR8CO-, -(CH2)3-NR8CO-, -(CH2)4-NR8CO-, -(CH2)2-OCH2-, -(CH2)3-OCH2-, -(CH2)4-OCH2-, -(CH2)2-NR8CH2-, -(CH2)3-NR8CH2-, -(CH2)4-NR8CH2-, -(CH2)2CH(NR7R8)-, -(CH2)3CH(NR7R8)- and -(CH2)4-CH(NR7R8)-. A "substituted heteroalkylene group" is a heteroalkylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Preferred substituents include =O, =CH2, C1-C6 alkyl and C2-C4 alkylene. When a heteroalkylene group is substituted with a C2-C4 alkylene group, the C2-C4 alkylene group together with the carbon atoms of the heteroalkylene group to which the two ends of the C2-C4 alkylene group are bonded and any intervening carbon atoms form a cycloalkyl ring. Structural Formula (XX) provides an example of a heteroalkylene group substituted with a C2-C4 alkylene group, which is represented by Ri i and Rι2 taken together. Specifically, R! i and Rι2j taken together with — CH- (CH2)PCH- can form a cycloalkyl ring. Other examples of heteroalkylene groups substituted by an alkylene are shown in the following structural formulas:
Figure imgf000020_0001
Other suitable substituents for a heteroalkylene group are described below.
A "nonaromatic heterocyclic ring" (or also refered to as a "heterocyclic ring") is a monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic nonaromatic ring of 3 to 14 ring atoms which are saturated or partially saturated containing carbon and from one to four heteroatoms selected from N, O or S. The term "nonaromatic heterocyclic ring " includes nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings, which contains from one to three nitrogen atoms and optionally further contains one other heteroatom selected from O or S. Examples include morpholinyl, thiomorphonlyl, pyrrolindinyl, pierazinyl, piperidinyl, azetidinyl, azacycloheptyl, or N-phenylpiperazinyl. The term "non- aromatic heterocyclic ring" also includes non-aromatic heterocyclic rings fused to aromatic group, e.g., 1,3-benzodioxole, 4-chromanone, and phthalimide. A "nonaromatic heterocyclic ring" may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents, as described below.
An "aromatic group" (also referred to as an "aryl group") as used herein includes carbocyclic aromatic groups, heterocyclic aromatic groups (also refered to as "heteroaryl") and fused polycyclic aromatic ring system as defined herein.
A "carbocyclic aromatic group" is an aromatic ring of 5 to 14 carbons atoms, and includes a carbocyclic aromatic group fused with a 5-or 6-membered cycloalkyl group such as indan. Examples of carbocyclic aromatic groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, 1 -naphthyl, 2-naphyl, 1-anthracenyl, 2-anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, fluorene, 9-fiuorenone, indan and the like. A carbocyclic aromatic group is optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents, described below for aromatic groups.
A "heterocyclic aromatic group" (or "heteroaryl") is a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring of 5- to 14-ring atoms of carbon and from one to four heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S. Examples of heteroaryl include, but are not limted to N-imidazolyl, 2-imidazole, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-furanyl, 3-furanyl, 2- pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidyl, 4-pyrimidyl, 2-pyranyl, 3 -pyranyl, 4- pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 2-oxazoyl, 4-oxazoyl, 5- oxazoyl, 2-imidazolyl, isoxazoyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, and purinyl and the like. Heterocyclic aromatic (or heteroaryl) as defined above may be optionally substituted with a designated number of substituents, as described below for aromatic groups.
A "fused polycyclic aromatic" ring system is a carbocyclic aromatic group or heteroaryl fused with one or more other heteroaryl or nonaromatic heterocyclic ring. Examples include 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, 2- benzothienyl, 3 -benzothienyl, 2-benzofuranyl, 3 -benzofuranyl, 2-indolyl, 3 -indolyl, 2-quinolinyl, 3 -quinolinyl, 2-benzothiazolyl, 2-benzooxazolyl, 2-benzoimidazolyl, 2- qinolinyl, 3 -quinolinyl, 1-isoqinolinyl, 3 -quinolinyl, 1-isoinoldyl, 3-isoindolyl, benzotriazolyl and the like. Fused polycyclic aromatic ring systems may optionally be substituted with a designated number of substituents, as described below for aromatic groups.
"Halo" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
Preferred examples of suitable values for Ar in Structural Formulas (I), and (VI)-(XXVIι) are shown below:
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
(XXXTV) (XXXV)
Figure imgf000023_0002
(xxxvπ)
Figure imgf000023_0004
Figure imgf000023_0003
(XXXDC)
Rings B-Z are independently substituted or unsubstituted. Other examples of suitable groups for Ar include substituted or unsubstituted benzoylnaphthyl, thienylphenyl and naphthoylphenyl. Still other examples of suitable values for Ar are found in Examples 1-379. These aromatic groups, when used as values for Ar, can be substituted or unsubstituted, as shown in Examples 1-379, or, alternatively, can contain one or more other aromatic group substituents that are described herein. X is -O-, -S-, -CH2- or -C(O).
Z is a covalent bond, -O-, (-CH2)q-, -CH(CH3)(CH2)q-, -C(CH3) 2(CH2)q-, -(CH2)qCH(CH3)-, -(CH2)qC(CH3) 2-, -O(CH2)q-, -(CH2)qO-, -(CH2)qNH-, -(CH2)qNH-, -(CH2)qCHR20-, -CHR20(CH2)q-, -(CH2)qCR20R20-, -(CH2)qCR20R2o-5 -(CH2)qNR20-, -NR20(CH2)q-, -(CH2)qC(=NOH)-, -C(=NOH)(CH2)q-, -CH(OH)-(CH2)q-, -(CH2)q-CH(OH)-, -CO-(CH2)q-, -(CH2)q-CO-, -COO-(CH2)q-, -OCO-(CH2)q-, -(CH2)q-OCO-, -(CH2)q-COO-, -(CH2)qCO- H-, -(CH2)qNH-CO-, -(CH2)qCONR20-, -CONR20(CH2)q-, -(CH2)qNR20CO- or -NR20CO(CH2)q-. Z is preferably a covalent bond, -C(=NOH), -O- or -C(O)- (more preferably -O- or -C(O)-); and q is 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0 or 1.
Each R20 is independently a C1-C5 alkyl group or halogenated C1-C5 alkyl group.
Especially preferred values groups for Ar in Structural Formulas (T) and (VI)- (XXVπ) are shown below:
Figure imgf000024_0001
Phenyl Rings A' and A" are substituted or unsubstituted.
Suitable substituents for an aromatic group, including the aromatic group represented by Ar (e.g., Phenyl Rings A' and A" and Rings B-Z) and Phenyl Ring A, an aliphatic group, an alkyl group, an alkylene group, a heteroalkylene group, a nonaromatic heterocyclic group, an aralkyl group, an aralkenyl group and an allyl group are those which do not significantly diminish the activity of the compound at the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs), e.g., decrease the activity by more than a factor of five (preferably no more than a factor of two) compared with the corresponding compound without the substituent. Examples of substituents include halogen (-Br, -Cl, -I and -F) -R, -OR, -CN, -NO2, -N(R)2, -COR, -COOR, - CON(R)2, -SOkR (k is 0, 1 or 2) and -NH-C(=NH)-NH2. Other examples include sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide, -NR-CO-R, -OS(O)R, -OS(O)2R, cycloalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic heterocyclic groups, -O(CH2)rCOOH, -O-O(CH2)r-N(R)2, -O(CH2)r -(cycloalkyl), -O(CH2)rOH, -O(CH2)r-OSi(R)3, and
-(CH2)aCH(OR30)(CH2)bCOOR3ι. Each R is independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, a halogenated aliphatic group, a benzyl group, a substituted benzyl group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group, and preferably -H, an alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 alkyl group), a halogenated alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 halogenated alkyl group), a phenyl group or a substituted phenyl group; R30 is a C1-C6 alkyl group or C1-C6 halogenated alkyl group, R3ι is — H, a C1-C6 alkyl group or C1-C6 halogenated alkyl group; r is an integer from 1 to 6; a and b are independently 0, 1 or 2. An aromatic group, benzylic group, an aliphatic group, an alkyl group, an alkylene group, a heteroalkylene group, a non-aromatic heterocyclic group, aralkyl group and aralkenyl group can have more than one substituent. Other examples of suitable substituents for an aromatic group represented by Ar are those found at the corresponding position of the compounds described in the Exemplification Section.
Preferred substituents for Rings B-Z include halogen, -R9, -OR9ι -COR9, -COOR9, -CN, a non-aromatic heterocyclic group, an allylic group, -(CH2)aCH(OR30)(CH2)bCOOR3i or -NR9C(O)R9. R9 is -H, an alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 alkyl group), cycloalkyl, a halogenated alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 halogenated alkyl group) or an aromatic group. R30, R3ι, a and b are as described above; preferably R30 is methyl or ethyl, R3ι is -H3 and. a and b are one.
More preferably, suitable substituents for Rings B-Z include one or more groups selected from halogen, C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkyl, C1-C8 straight chained or branched halogenated alkyl (e.g., -CF3), C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkanoyl, C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkoxy (e.g., methoxy), -Br, -F, N-morpholino, -COOH, -OH, -CΝ, or C1-C8 straight chained or branched halogenated alkoxy (e.g., -OCF3).
Suitable substituents for Phenyl Rings A' and A" are as described above for Rings B-Z.
Preferred substituents for Phenyl Ring A include halogen, -OR10, -Rio, aromatic group, substituted aromatic group, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, aralkenyl, substituted aralkenyl, allyl and substituted allyl and R10 is — H, an alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 alkyl group) or a halogenated alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C10 halogenated alkyl group). Specific examples of suitable substituents for Phenyl Ring A include -F, -Cl, -OCH3, -OCF3, -CH3, ethyl, n-propyl, ώopropyl, allyl, 2-phenylethenyl, 2-phenylethyl, phenyl, -o-biphenyl, -w-biphenyl, -p-biphenyl, -o-CgHjOCHs, -m-C6H4OCH3, -^-CeHtOC^, -o-CeHtF, -/n-CeELf and -^-CeH^.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound represented by Structural Formula (XLS):
Figure imgf000026_0001
Ar and Ri in Structural Formula (XLI) are as defined above in Structural Formulas (I) and (VT); s is 0, 1 or 2; Ax\ is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group; We is a covalent bond, -Wi-, -CH2Wι- or -WιCH2-; W7 is a covalent bond or -CH2- and Wi is as defined above. Preferably Rt is represented by Structural
Formula (II), s is 0 or 1, Ari is phenylene (ortho, meta ox para substituted), W7 is a covalent bond and W\ is -O-. More preferably, Ar is represented by any one of Structural Formulas (XXVTfT)-(XXXIX) and Ri is represented by Structural Formulas (IH) or (TV). Even more preferably, Ar is represented by Structural Formulas (XL) or (XLI) and Ri is represented by Structural Formula (V).
Also included in the present invention are methods of treatment as described above, wherein the compound represented by Stractural Formula (XLI) is administered as the therapeutic agent and the use of the compound for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of the PPAR mediated disorders described herein.
The following are specific examples of the compounds of the present invention:
(2,S -3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 1); ■ ■
(2»S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 2);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3 - {4-[3 -(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-prop- 1 -ynyl] -phenyl} - propionic acid (Compound 3); (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 4);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-phenyl-benzofuran-6-yloxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 5);
(2S)-3 - {4-[3 -(4-Butyl-phenoxy)-prop- 1 -ynyl]-phenyl} -2-metlιoxy-propionic acid (Compound 6);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-prop-l- ynyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 7);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 8);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-prop-l- ynyl]-phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 9); (2S)-3 -(4- {3-[4-(2-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-prop- 1 -ynyl } -phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 10);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[3-(3-phenylamino-phenoxy)-prop- 1 -ynylj-phenyl} - propionic acid (Compound 11);
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-prop-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 12);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxy)-prop-l- ynyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 13);
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-benzofuran-6-yloxy]-prop-l-ynyl}- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 14); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(l-me l-l-phenyl-ethyl)-phenoxy]-prop-l- ynyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 15);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenylacetyl-phenoxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 16);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 17);
(2S)-3-[4-(3-{4-[(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxyimino-methyl]-phenoxy}-prop-l- ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 18); (2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(Hydroxyimino-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-prop-l-ynyl}- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 19);
(2S)-3 -[4-(3 - {4-[(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxyimino-methyl]-phenoxy} -prop- 1 - ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 20);
(2S)-3-{4-[5-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ρent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 21);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pent- 1 -ynyl]-phenyl} - propionic acid (Compound 22);
(2S)-3 - {4-[5-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-pent- 1 -ynyl] -phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 23);
(2S)-3 - {4-[5 -(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-pent- 1 -ynyl] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 24); (2S)-3-(4-{5-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-pent-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 25);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4- {5-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-pent- 1 - ynyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 26);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[5-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-pent- 1 - ynylj-phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 27);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[5-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxy)-pent- 1 - ynylj-phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 28);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4- {5-[4-(l -methyl-1 -phenyl-ethyl)-phenoxy] -pent- 1 - ynyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 29); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[5-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 30);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[5-(3-phenylamino-phenoxy)-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 31);
(2S)-3-(4-{5-[4-(2-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-pent-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 32);
(2S)-2-Memoxy-3-{4-[5-(3-phenyl-benzofuran-6-yloxy)-pent-l-ynyl]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 33); (2S)-3-(4-{5-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-benzofuran-6-yloxy]-pent-l-ynyl}- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 34);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[5-(4-phenylacetyl-phenoxy)-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 35);
(2S)-3-{4-[5-(4-Butyl-phenoxy)-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 36);
(2S)-3 - [4-(5- {4- [(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxyimino-methyl] -phenoxy} -pent- 1 - ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic (Compound 37);
(2S)-3-[4-(5-{4-[(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxyimino-methyl]-phenoxy}-pent-l- ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 38);
(2S)-3-(4-{5-[4-(Hydroxyimino-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-pent-l-ynyl}- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 39); (2S)-3- {4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-but-l -ynyl] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 40);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3 - {4- [4-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-but- 1 -ynyl] -phenyl} - propionic acid (Compound 41);
(2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-but-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 42);
(2S)-3-(4-{4-[4-(Hydroxyimino-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-but-l-ynyl}- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 43);
(2S)-3-(4- {4-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy] -but- 1 -ynyl} -phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 44); (2S)-3-(4-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-benzofuran-6-yloxy]-but-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-
2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 45);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{4-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-but-l- ynyl}-phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 46);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[4-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-but-l-ynyl]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 47);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[4-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxy)-but-l-ynyl]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 48); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[6-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-hex-l-ynyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 49); (2S)-3-{4-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-hex-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 50);
(2S)-3-{4-[6-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-hex-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 51);
(2S)-3-{4-[5-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-pentanoyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 52);
(2S)-3-{4-[5-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-pentanoyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 53);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pentanoyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 54); 3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-butyryl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
(Compound 55);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3 - {4-[4-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-butyryl]-phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 56);
(2S)-3-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-butyryl-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 57);
(2S)-3-{4-[6-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-hexanoyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 58);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[6-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 59);
(2S)-3-{4-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-hexanoyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 60);
(2S)-3-{4-[5-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l-hydroxyimino-pentyl]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 61); (2S, 1 'R*, 2'5'*)-3-(4-{2'-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-cyclopentyloxy} - phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 62);
(2S)-(rR,3'R)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[l',3'-dimethyl-3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- propoxyl]-phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 63); (2S)-(l'R,3'R)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoylphenoxy)-l',3'-dimethylproρoxyl]- phenyl} 2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 64);
(2S)-(l'1S,3' )-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[l ',3'-dimethyl-3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- propoxyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 65);
(2S)-(l ',S,3'JS)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoylphenoxy)-l',3'-dimethylpropoxyl]- phenyl} 2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 66); (2S)-(1 'R,2'i?)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[l ',2'-dimethyl-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- ethoxyl]-phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 67);
(2S)-(l 'R,2'R)-3-{4-[l-(4-Benzoylphenoxy)-l',2'-dimethyl-ethoxyl]- phenyl}-2-methoxypropionic acid (Compound 68);
(2S)-(l '1S',4'JS)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[l '-methyl-4'-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- pentyloxy] -phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 69);
(2S)-(l 'S,4'S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-l-methyl-pentyloxy]-ρhenyl}- 2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 70);
(2S)-( 1 'R,4 'R)-2-Methoxy-3 - {4-[ 1 ' -methyl-4 ' -(4-ρhenoxy-phenoxy)- pentyloxy] -phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 71); (2S)-(1 'R,4'R)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-l-methyl-pentyloxy]-phenyl} -
2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 72);
(2S)-(l '^,2')S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[l ',2'-dimethyl-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- ethoxyl]-phenyl}-ρropionic acid (Compound 73); (2S)-2-Methoxy-{4-[2-methylen-3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 74);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-{4-[2-oxo-3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 75);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxymethyl)-benzyloxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 76);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxymethyl)-benzyloxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 77);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 78); (2S)3-[3'-(3-Benzoyl-phenoxymethyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 79);
(2S)-3-[4'-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxymethyl)-biphenyl-4-yl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 80);
(2S)-(1 'R * 3 'R*)3- {4-[3 '-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l '-cyclopentyloxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 81); (2S)-(l'R*,3'5*)3-{4-[3'-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l'-cyclopentyloxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 82);
(2S)-(1 'i?*,3 'i?*)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[3 '-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-l '- cyclopentyloxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 83);
(2S)-(l 'R*,3'i?*)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-cyclopentyloxy]-ρhenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 84);
(2S)-(l'R*,3'R*)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenylacetyl-phenoxy)- cyclopentyloxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 85);
(2S)-( 1 'i?,3 '5)3- {4-[3 ' -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)- 1 ' -cyclopentyloxy] -phenyl} -2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 86); (2S)-( VS,3 'R)3 - {4-[3 ' -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)- 1 ' -cyclopentyloxy] -phenyl} -2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 87);
(2S)-(l '^,3',S 3-{4-[3'-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l'-cyclopentyloxy]-ρhenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 88);
(2S)-(l 'i?,3'R)3-{4-[3'-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l '-cyclopentyloxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 89);
(2S)-(rR,3'5)-3-{4-[3'-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l'-cyclohexyloxy]-ρhenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 90);
(2S)-(l '5,3'R)-3-{4-[3'-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l '-cyclohexyloxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 91); (2S)-(l 'i?,3'R)-3-{4-[3'-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l'-cyclohexyloxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 92);
(2S)-(l 'S,3' )-3-{4-[3'-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l'-cyclohexyloxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 93); (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 94);
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 95);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 96); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[3-(3-phenylamino-ρhenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} - propionic acid (Compound 97);
(2S)-3- {4-[3-(4-Butyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 98);
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(2-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 99);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 100);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 101); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-ρhenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 102);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-2-yloxy)-ρropoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 103);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 104);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Cyano-3-fluoro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 105);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(2,4-Difluoro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 106); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 107);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 108); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)- propoxy] -phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 109);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(3,5-Difluoro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 110);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(Isoquinolin-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-ρropionic , acid (Compound 111); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} - propionic acid (Compound 112);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propioniC' acid (Compound 113);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenylacetyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 114);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(l-methyl-l-ρhenyl-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 115);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 116); 4-{3-[4-(2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-proρoxy}-benzoic acid benzyl ester (Compound 117);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-chroman-6-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 118);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-chroman-6-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 119);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-chroman-7-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 120);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]- propoxy}-phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 121); (2S)-3-{4-[2-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 122);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 123 ); (2S)-3-{4-[2-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-acetyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 124);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-acetyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 125);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-acetyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 126); (2S)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
(Compound 127);
(2S)-3-{4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-butyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 128);
(2S)-3-{4-[5-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-pentyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 129);
3- {4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 130);
3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 131); 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2-metlιoxy- propionic acid (Compound 132);
2-Methoxy-3-{3-methoxy-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 133);
(2S)-3-(4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl }' -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 134);
3-{3-Chloro-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 135);
'3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 136); 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3,5-dichloro-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 137); •
3 - {4- [3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -3 -fluoro-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 138); 3 - {4- [3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3 -trifluoromethyl-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 139);
(2S)-3-{6-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-4'-methoxy-biphenyl-3-yl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 140);
3 - { 6-[3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -4'-fluoro-biphenyl-3 -yl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 141); 3 - {6-[3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -[ 1 , 1 ';4', 1 "] teφhenyl-3-yl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 142);
3 - { 6- [3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -2'-methoxy-biphenyl-3 -yl } -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 143);
2-Methoxy-3- {6-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-[l ,1 ';4',1 "]terphenyl-3- yl} -propionic acid (Compound 144);
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-styryl-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 145);
3-(4-{3-[4-(Hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-3-phenethyl- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 146); 3- {4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-phenethyl-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 147);
(2S)-3-{3-Allyl-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 148);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-propyl-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 149);
3 - {4- [3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -2-methyl-phenyl } -2-methoxy-acrylic acid (Compound 150);
3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methyl-phenyl}-2 -methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 151); 3-{3-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
(Compound 152);
'2-Methoxy-3-{3-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 153); 3-{3-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 154);
2-Methoxy-3-{3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 155);
2-Methoxy-3-{3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pentyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 156); 2-Methoxy-3-{3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pentanoyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid
(Compound 157);
3 - {4-[3 -(3 -Allyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -phenyl } -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 158);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-propyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 159);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(2-Allyl-4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 160);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-2-propyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 161); 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 162);
2-Methoxy-3-{3-methyl-4-[3-(4-ρhenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 163);
3- {4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl}-2 -methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 164);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(Dibenzofuran-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 165);
(2S)-3-[4-(3-{4-[(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxyimino-methyl]-phenoxy}- propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 166); (2S)-3-[4-(3-{4-[(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phenoxy}-propoxy)- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 167);
(25)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-piperidin-l-yl-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-ρropoxy}- phenyl)-proρionic acid (Compound 168); (2 )-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-morpholin-4-yl-benzoyl)-phenoxy]- propoxy}-phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 169);
(25)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 170);
2S-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]phenyl}propanoic acid sodium salt (Compound 171); (2S)-3-[4-(3-{4-[Hydroxyimino-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phenoxy}- propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 172);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-3-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 173);
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 174);
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 175);
(ιS)-3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-isopropoxy-propionic acid (Compound 176);
2S-2-isopropoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]phenyl}propanoic acid sodium salt (Compound 176A);
2-Methoxy-3 - {3 -methoxy-4- [3 -(4-phenylacetyl-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl} - propionic acid (Compound 177); 3 - {4-[3 -(4-Butoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 178);
2-Methoxy-3-{3-methoxy-4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxy)- propoxy] -phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 179);
2-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxy-4-{3-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]- propoxy}-phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 180);
3 - {4- [3 -(4-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-ρropoxy] -3 -methoxy-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 181);
3 - {4- [3 -(4-Dibenzofuran-3 -yl-ρhenoxy)-propoxy]-3 -methoxy-phenyl} -2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 182); (2S)-3- {4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-butoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 183);
(2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-butoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 184);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[4-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-butoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 185); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-(2,3,6-trifluoro-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 186);
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Benzyloxy-benzyloxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 187);
3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-2 -methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 188);
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-2-metlιoxy-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 189);
2-Methoxy-3-{2-methoxy-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 190); 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 191);
3-{2-Chloro-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-ρhenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 192);
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 193);
(2S)-4-{3-[4-(2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid (Compound 194);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Dibenzothiophen-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 195); (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4'-Hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 196);
(2S)-4'-{3-[4-(2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-biρhenyl-4- carboxylic acid (Compound 197); (2S)-3-{4-[2-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-cyclohexyloxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 198);
(2S)-3-(4-{2-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-cyclohexyloxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 199);
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-benzofuran-6-yloxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 200); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-ρropoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 201);
(2S)-3- {4-[3 -(4-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 202);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Butoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 203);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Heptyloxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 204);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(6~Benzoyl-naphthalen-2 yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 205); (2S)-3-{4-[3-(Benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 206);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(9H-Fluoren-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 207);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-octyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-proρionic acid (Compound 208);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(naphthalen-l-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 209);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(lH-Indol-7-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 210); (2S)-3- {4-[3-(4'-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 211);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 212); • (2S)-3-{4-[3-(3,,5,-Bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- 2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 213);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Dibenzofuran-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 214);
(2ιS)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4'-phenoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 215); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[3 -(4-thiophen-2-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} - propionic acid (Compound 216);
(25)-3-{4-[3-(3'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 217);
(2iS)-3-{4-[3-(2'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 218);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(2'-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 219);
(2 )-3- {4-[3-(4-Benzo[ 1 ,3]dioxol-5-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 220); (25)-3-{4-[3-(4'-tert-Butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 221);
(25)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3'-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 222);
(25)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4'-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 223);
(2<S -3-(4-{3-[4-(2-Chloro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 224);
(25)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(2-methoxy-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-proρionic acid (Compound 225); (2S)~3-(4- {3-[4-(2,2-Dimethyl-propionylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy} - phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 226);
(25)-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-Fluoro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 227); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-methoxy-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 228);
(21S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-methyl-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propθxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 229);
(25)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 230); (2S)-3 -(4- { 3 - [4-(4-Chloro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 231);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-methoxy-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 232);
(25)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenylacetylamino-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 233);
(2iS -3-(4-{3-[4-(2-Chloro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 234);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(naphthalene-l-carbonyl)-phenoxy]-ρropoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 235); (2»S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 236);
(2£)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-memoxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-proρoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 237);
(2 -2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(naphthalene-2-carbonyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 238);
(2 )-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-methyl-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-ρhenyl)- propionic acid (Compound 239);
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(2,2-Dimethyl-propionyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 240); (21S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Isobutyryl-phenpxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 241 );
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-phenyl-propionyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 242); 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 243);
2-phenoxy-3 -[4-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)propoxyphenyl]propanoic acid (Compound 244);
(2S,2'S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(2'-Carboxy-2'-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-ρropoxy}- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 245);
α-Methoxycinnamate Intermediate, ethyl 2S-2-methoxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (Compound 246);
2<S'-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]phenyl}propanoic acid (Compound 247);
(2S)-(2 ,RS)-2-Met oxy- {4-[2 '-methyl-3 -(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy] - phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 248);
2(S)-3-[4-(3-Benzyloxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxypropionic acid (Compound 249);
(2S)-3-[4-(5-Benzyloxy-pentyloxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxypropionic acid (Compound 250); (2S)-2-ethoxy-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid
(Compound 251);
(2S)-2-Benzyloxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 252);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-{4-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethoxy]-benzoyl}- phenoxy)-ρropoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 253);
(2S)- 3-[4-(3- {4-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-benzoyl]-phenoxy} -propoxy)- phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 254);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-propoxy-ρropionic acid (Compound 255); (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid (Compound 256);
(2S)- 3-{4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid (Compound 257); (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl}-2-ethoxy- propionic acid (Compound 258);
(2S)-4'-{3-[4-(2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenoxy]-propoxy}- biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (Compound 259);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4'-tert-Butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 260); (25)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 261);
(2lS)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-propoxy)-phenoxy]- propoxy}-phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 262);
(2 )-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-methyl-butoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid (Compound 263);
(2<S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Isobutoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 264);
(25)-3-{4-[3-(4-Isopropoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 265); (25)-3-{4-[3-(4-Cyclohexylmethoxy-phenoxy)-ρropoxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 266);
(2,S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenetyloxy-phenoxy)-ρropoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 267);
(2S)-3 -(4- {3 -[4-(3 -Dimethylamino-propoxy)-phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 268);
(2S)-3 - {4- [3 -(4-Carboxymethoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl }~2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 269);
(2 )-3-(4-{3-[4-(lH-lhdol-5-yl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 270); (2iS)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-pyridin-3-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 271);
(2 )-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-pyridin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 272); (2ιS)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-quinolin-8-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 273);
(2S)-3 - {4-[3 -(4 ' -Cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 274);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4- {3-[4' -(lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yloxy]-propoxy} - phenyfj-propionic acid (Compound 275); (25)-3-{4-[3-(4-Imidazol-l-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 276);
(2 -3-(4-{3-[4-(l,3-Dioxo-l,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-phenoxy]-ρropoxy}- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 277);
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Acetyl-piperazin-l-yl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 278);
(2>S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-piperazin-l-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 279);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 280); (2ιS)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl}-2-ethoxy- propionic acid (Compound 281);
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl}-2-ethoxy- propionic acid (Compound 282);
(2S)-3- {4-[2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 283);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 284);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Compound 285); (2S)-3- {4-[3-(biphenyl-3-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 286);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic (Compound 287); (2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-moφholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 288);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 289);
2-methoxy-3 - {4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy] -phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 290); 3-{3-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
(isomer 1) (Compound 291);
3-{3-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Isomer 2) (Compound 292);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(2-cyano-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 293);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 294);
(2S)-2-{3-[4-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid (Compound 295); (2S)-3-{4-[3-(3-cyano-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 296);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(3-dimethylamino-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 297);
(2S)-3-{3-[4-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid (Compound 298);
(2S)-3- {4-[3-(indan-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 299);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 300); (2S)-3 - {4- [3 -( 1 H-indol-5-yloxy)-propoxy] -phenyl } -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 301);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(quinolin-6-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 302); (2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 303);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(3-fiuoro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-ρhenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 304);
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(2-isopropyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 305); (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(2-phenoxy-ethoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid
(Compound 306);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(2-cyano-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 307);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 308);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(biphenyl-2-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 309);
(2S)-2- {2-[4-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-ρhenoxy]-ethoxy} -benzoic acid (Compound 310); (2S)-3-{4-[2-(2-isopropyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-ρhenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 311);
(2S)-3- {4-[2-(3-cyano-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 312);
(2S)-3 - {4-[2-(3 -dimethylamino-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic (Compound 313);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(biphenyl-3-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 314);
(2S)-3-{2-[4-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-ethoxy}-benzoic acid (Compound 315); (2S)-3-{4-[2-(indan-5-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
(Compound 316);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 317); (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-(quinolin-6-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 318);
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-(3-moφholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 319);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}- propionic (Compound 320); (2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 321);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 322);
2-methoxy-3-[3-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 323);
3-{3-[3-(2-cyano-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 324);
3 - {3 -[3 -(3 -cyano-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl } -2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 325); 2-methoxy-3-[3-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (isomer 2)
(Compound 326);
3 - { 3 -[3 ~(2-cyano-phenoxy)-proρoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 327);
3-{3-[3-(3-cyano-phenoxy)-proρoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 328);
2-methoxy-3- {3-[3-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 329);
2-methoxy-3- {3-[3-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 330); 3-{3-[3 -(2-isopropyl-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl } -2-methoxy-propionic acid
(isomer 1) (Compound 331);
3-{3-[3-(2-isopropyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 332); 3-{3-[3-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 333);
3-{3-[3-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid (isomer2) (Compound 334);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 335); 2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
(isomer 2) (Compound 336);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 337);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 338);
2-methoxy-3 - { 3 -[3 -(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxy)-propoxy] -phenyl } - propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 339);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 340); 3- {3-[3-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
(isomer 1) (Compound 341);
3-{3-[3-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 342);
3-{3-[3-(3,4-dimethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 343);
3-{3-[3-(3,4-dimethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 344);
2- {3-[3-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy} -benzoic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 345); 2- {3-[3-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid
(isomer 2) (Compound 346);
3-{3-[3-(biphenyl-3-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 347); 3 - { 3 -[3 -(biphenyl-3 -yloxy)-propoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 348);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(quinolin-6-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 349);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(quinolin-6-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 350) ; 3 - { 3 - [2-(2-isopropyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
(isomer 2) (Compound 351);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[2-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (isomer l)(Compound 352);
3-{3-[2-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 353);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-ethoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 354);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[2-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 355); 3 - { 3 - [2-(3 -fluoro-phenoxy)-ethoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
(isomer 2) (Compound 356);
2-methoxy-3-{3-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-ethoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 357);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 358);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-{2-[4-(l-methyl-l-phenyl-ethyl)-phenoxy]-ethoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid (Compound 359);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(4-benzyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 360); (2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-ethoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 361);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(4-cyclopentyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 362); (2S)-3-{4-[2-(9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 363);
(2S)-3- {4-[2-(4-butyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 364);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(2'-fluoro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 365); (2S)-3-(4-{2-[4-(2,2-dimethyl-propionyl)-phenoxy]-ethoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 366);
3-(4-{2-[4-(2,2-dimethyl-propionylamino)-phenoxy]-ethoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 367);
(2S)-3-(4-{2-[4-(cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-phenoxy]-ethoxy}-phenyl)- 2 -methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 368);
(2S)-3-[4-(2-{4-[(furan-2-carbonyl)-amino]-phenoxy}-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid (Compound 369);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(2-{4-[(pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-phenoxy}- ethoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Compound 370); (2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(2-pyrrolidin-l-yl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 371);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3- {4-[2-(pyridin-2-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid (Compound 372);
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(2-mθφholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid (Compound 373);
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(4'-tert-butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Compound 374);
(2S)-2-ethoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (Compound 375); (2R)-2-ethoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
(Compound 376);
(2S)-3 - {4-[2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -2-propoxy-ρropionic acid (Compound 377); 3-{3-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-ρropionic acid (isomer 1) (Compound 378);
3-{3-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2) (Compound 379).
The present invention also includes compounds represented by Stractural Formula (I), wherein Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379. Preferably, R\ is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, i or W2 and is represented by Structural Formula (H), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formulas (I) or (VT), wherein Phenyl Ring A is the corresponding phenyl or substituted phenyl group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Stractural Formula (I), wherein W is -(CH2)3-O- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379.
Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (S), more preferably Stractural Formula (IH) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Stractural Formula (I), wherein W is -(CH2)4-O- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (H), more preferably Stractural Formula (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V). Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein
W is -(CH2)5-O- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Structural Formula (ID, more preferably Structural Formula (TS) or (IV) and even more preferably Stractural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Stractural Formula (I), wherein W is -CH2-C≡CH- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Structural Formula (S), more preferably Structural Formula (in) or (TV) and even more preferably Stractural Formula (V). Also included are compounds represented by Stractural Formula (I), wherein
W is -(CH2)2-CsCH- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Fonnula (in) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein W is -(CH2) -C≡CH- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Rj is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Structural Formula (S), more preferably Stractural Formula (ST) or (IV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein W is -(CH2) -C≡CH- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Structural Formula (H), more preferably Stractural Formula (ST) ox (TV) and even more preferably Stractural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Stractural Formula (I), wherein W is -(CH2)5-C≡CH- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Structural Formula (TT), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (IV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein W is -CH2CO- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (T), more preferably Structural Formula (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V). Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein
W is -(CH2)2CO- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Rj is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (TT), more preferably Structural Fonnula (in) or (IV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Stractural Formula (I), wherein W is -(CH2)3CO- and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Rj is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Stractural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (IV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein
W is represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000054_0001
is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, R\ is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Structural Formula (TT), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V). Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein
W is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000055_0001
; and Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W, Wi or W2 and is represented by Stractural Formula {TT), more preferably Structural Formula (TS) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein Ar-O-W- is the corresponding group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W and is represented by Structural Fonnula (II), more preferably Structural Fonnula (ST) ox (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1 -379, W is -CH(CH3)W3CH(CH3)O- and W3 is a covalent bond, methylene or ethylene. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V). Also included are compounds represented by Structural Formula (I), wherein
Ar is the corresponding aromatic group from any one of Compounds 1-379 or from one of the compounds disclosed in Examples 1-379, W is -W C(=O)WsO- or -W4C(=CH2)WsO- and W and W5 are independently methylene or ethylene. Preferably, Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W and is represented by Structural Formula (II), more preferably Structural Formula (ST) or (TV) and even more preferably Structural Formula (V).
Prodrugs are compounds of the present invention, which have chemically or metabolically cleavable groups and become by solvolysis or under physiological conditions the compounds of the invention that are pharmaceutically active in vivo. Prodrugs include acid derivatives well known to practitioners of the art, such as, for example, esters prepared by reaction of the parent acidic compound with a suitable alcohol, or amides prepared by reaction of the parent acid compound with a suitable amine. Simple aliphatic or aromatic esters derived from acidic groups pendent on the compounds of this invention are preferred prodrugs. In some cases it is desirable to prepare double ester type prodrugs such as (acyloxy) alkyl esters or ((alkoxycarbonyl)oxy)alkyl esters. Particularly preferred esters as prodrugs are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, moφholinoethyl, and N,N-diethylglycolamido.
Methyl ester prodrugs may be prepared by reaction of the acid form of a compound of the present invention in a medium such as methanol with an acid or base esterification catalyst (e.g., NaOH, H2SO ). Ethyl ester prodrugs are prepared in similar fashion using ethanol in place of methanol. Moφholinylethyl ester prodrugs may be prepared by reaction of the sodium salt of a compound of the present invention (in a medium such as dimethylformamide) with 4-(2-chloroethyl)moφholine hydrochloride (available from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA, Item No. C4,220-3). The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" means that the carrier, diluent, excipients and salt must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation, and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. Pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention are prepared by procedures known in the art using well-known and readily available ingredients.
Also included in the present invention are pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, stereoisomers and solvates of the compounds of the present invention and mixtures of such compounds, salts, hydrates, stereoisomers and/or solvates.
By virtue of its acidic moiety, certain compounds of the present invention form salts with pharmaceutically acceptable bases. Such a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be made with a base which affords a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, which includes alkali metal salts (especially sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metal salts (especially calcium and magnesium), aluminum salts and ammonium salts, as well as salts made from physiologically acceptable organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, moφholine, pyridine, piperidine, picoline, dicyclohexylamine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, 2- hydroxyethylamine, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, tri-(2-hy4roxyethyl)amine, procaine, dibenzylpiperidine, N-benzyl-β-phenethylamine, dehydroabietylamine, N,N'- bisdehydroabietylamine, glucamine, N-methylglucamine, collidine, quinine, quinoline, and basic amino acid such as lysine and arginine. These salts may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art. Compounds of the present invention that are substituted with a basic group, may exist as salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids. The present invention includes such salts. Examples of such salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, methanesulfonates, nitrates, maleates, acetates, citrates, fumarates, tartrates [e.g. (+)-tartrates, (-)-tartrates or mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures, succinates, benzoates and salts with amino acids such as glutamic acid.
Certain compounds of the present invention may contain one or more chiral centers, and exist in different optically active forms. When compounds of the present invention contain one chiral center, the compounds exist in two enantiomeric forms and the present invention includes both enantiomers and mixtures of enantiomers, such as racemic mixtures. The enantiomers may be resolved by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by formation of diastereoisomeric salts which may be separated, for example, by crystallization; formation of diastereoisomeric derivatives or complexes which may be separated, for example, by crystallization, gas-liquid or liquid chromatography; selective reaction of one enantiomer with an enantiomer-specific reagent, for example enzymatic esterification; or gas-liquid or liquid chromatography in a chiral environment, for example on a chiral support for example silica with a bound chiral ligand or in the presence of a chiral solvent. It will be appreciated that where the desired enantiomer is converted into another chemical entity by one of the separation procedures described above, a further step is required to liberate the desired enantiomeric form. Alternatively, specific enantiomers may be synthesized by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one enantiomer into the other by asymmetric transformation. When a compound of the present invention has one or more chiral substituent it may exist in diastereoisomeric forms. The diastereoisomeric pairs may be separated by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example chromatography or crystallization and the individual enantiomers within each pair may be separated as described above. The present invention includes each diastereoisomer of such compounds and mixtures thereof.
Certain compounds of the present invention may exist in zwitterionic form and the present invention includes each zwitterionic form and mixtures thereof.
Certain compounds of the present invention and their salts may exist in more than one crystal form. Polymoφhs of compounds of the present invention form part of this invention and may be prepared by crystallization of a given compound under different conditions. For example, using different solvents or different solvent mixtures for recrystallization; crystallization at different temperatures; various modes of cooling, ranging from very fast to very slow cooling during crystallization. Polymoφhs may also be obtained by heating or melting a compound of the present invention followed by gradual or fast cooling. The presence of polymoφhs may be determined by solid probe nmr spectroscopy, ir spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction or such other techniques.
A "subject" is a mammal, preferably a human, but can also be an animal in need of veterinary treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, sheep, pigs, horses, and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs, and the like).
"Treatment" or "treating", as it is used herein, refers to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic treatment. "Therapeutic treatment" refers to preventing the further progression or ameliorate the symptoms associated with a disease or condition. "Prophylactic treatment" refers to inhibiting, preventing or delaying the onset of the symptoms of a disease or condition in a subject who is at risk for the disease or condition. "Prophylactic treatment" also includes reducing the severity of the symptoms of a disease or condition by treating a subject at rsik for developing the disease or condition before symptoms appear. The language an "effective amount" or "pharmaceutically effective amount" is intended to include an amount that is sufficient to mediate a disease or condition and prevent its further progression or ameliorate the symptoms associated with the disease or condition. An "effective amount" or "pharmaceutically effective amount" can also include an amount sufficient to prevent or delay the onset of a disease or condition in a patient at risk for developing the disease or condition, i.e., prophylactic treatment. Such amount when administered prophylactically to a patient can also be effective to lessen the severity of the mediated condition. Such an amount is intended to include an amount that is sufficient to modulate a PPAR receptor, such as a PPARγ or PPARα receptor, which mediate a disease or condition. Conditions mediated by PPARα or PPARγ receptors include diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, Syndrome X, obesity and gastrointestinal disease. Other such diseases are described below.
The compounds of the present invention and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof have valuable pharmacological properties and can be used in pharmaceutical preparations containing the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. They are useful as therapeutic substances in r treating (therapeutically or prophylactically) hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease (especially atherosclerosis)or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component or other diosorders mediated by a PPAR receptor. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include inert solid fillers or diluents and sterile aqueous or organic solutions. The active compound will be present in such pharmaceutical compositions in amounts sufficient to provide the desired dosage amount in the range described herein. Techniques for formulation and administration of the compounds of the instant invention can be found in Remington: the Science and Practice ofPhainnacy, 19th edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA (1995).
For oral administration, the compound or salts thereof can be combined with a suitable solid or liquid carrier or diluent to form capsules, tablets, pills, powders, syrups, solutions, suspensions and the like.
The tablets, pills, capsules, and the like may also contain a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacias, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid, a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose lactose or saccharin. When a dosage unit form is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as a fatty oil. Various other materials may be present as coatings or to modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance, tablets may be coated with shellac, sugar or both. A syrup or elixir may contain, in addition to the active ingredient, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and a flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor. Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 0.1 percent of active compound. The percentage of active compound in these compositions may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 2 percent to about 60 percent of the weight of the unit. The amount of active compound in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that an effective dosage will be obtained. The active compounds can also be administered intranasally as, for example, liquid drops or spray. For oral or nasal inhalation, the compounds for use according to the present invention are conveniently delivered in the form of a dry powder inhaler, or an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebuliser, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the case of pressurized aerosol the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsules and cartridges of gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch. For parental administration the compounds of the present invention, or salts thereof can be combined with sterile aqueous or organic media to form injectable solutions or suspensions. For example, solutions in sesame or peanut oil, aqueous propylene glycol and the like can be used, as well as aqueous solutions of water- soluble pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols and mixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
The pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. In all cases, the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that each syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against any contamination. The carrier can be solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g. glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils. The injectable solutions prepared in this manner can then be administered intravenously, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly, with intramuscular administration being prefereed in humans. The compounds may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
In addition, to the formulations described previously, the compounds may also be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation, for example, subcutaneously or intramuscularly or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, as an emulsion in an acceptable oil, or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as sparingly soluble salts.
The effective dosage of active ingredient employed may vary depending on the particular compound employed, the mode of administration, the condition being treated and the severity of the condition being treated.
When used herein Syndrome X includes pre-diabetic insulin resistance syndrome and the resulting complications thereof, insulin resistance, non-insulin dependent diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia obesity, coagulopathy, hypertension and other complications associated with diabetes. The methods and treatments mentioned herein include the above and encompass the therapeutic treatment and/or prophylaxis of any one of or any combination of the following: hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease
(especially atherosclerosis)or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component or other diosorders mediated by a PPAR receptor.
The compositions are formulated and administered in the same general manner as detailed herein. The compounds of the instant invention may be used effectively alone or in combination with one or more additional active agents depending on the desired target therapy. Combination therapy includes administration of a single pharmaceutical dosage formulation which contains a compound of the present invention and one or more additional active agents, as well as administration of a compound of the present invention and each active agent in its own separate pharmaceutical dosage formulation. For example, a compound of an insulin secretogogue such as biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, insulin, or α-glucosidose inhibitors can be administered to the patient together in a single oral dosage composition such as a tablet or capsule, or each agent administered in separate oral dosage formulations. Where separate dosage formulations are used, a compound of the present invention and one or more additional active agents can be administered at essentially the same time, i.e., concurrently, or at separately staggered times, i.e., sequentially. Combination therapy is understood to include all these regimens.
An example of combination therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of atherosclerosis may be wherein a compound of the present invention or a salt thereof is administered in combination with one or more of the following active agents: antihyperlipidemic agents; plasma HDL-raising agents; antihypercholesterolemic agents, fibrates, vitamins, aspirin, and the like. As noted above, the compounds of the present invention can be administered in combination with more than one additional active agent.
Another example of combination therapy can be seen in treating (therapeutically or prophylactically) diabetes and related disorders wherein the compounds of the present invention and salts thereof can be effectively used in combination with, for example, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, α- glucosidase inhibitors, other insulin secretogogues, insulin as well as the active agents discussed above for treating atherosclerosis.
Other examples of therapeutic agents which can be used in combination with the compounds of the present invention include insulin sensitizers, PPARγ agonists, glitazones, troglitazone, pioglitazone, englitazone, MCC-555, BRL 49653, biguanides, metformin, phenformin, insulin, insulin minetics, sufonylureas, tolbutamide, glipizide, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, acarbose, cholesterol lowering agent, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atrovastatin, rivastatin, other statins, sequestrants, cholestyramine, colestipol, dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives of a cross-linked dextran, nicotinyl alcohol, nicotinic acid, a nicotinic acid salt, PPARα agonists, fenofibric acid derivatives, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, fenofibrate, benzafibrate, inhibitors of cholesterol absoφtion, beta-sitosterol, acyl Co A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors, melinamide, probucol, PPARδ agonists, antiobesity compounds, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, phentiramine, sulbitramine, orlistat, neuropeptide Y5 inhibitors, β3 adrenergic receptor agonists, and ileal bile acid transporter inhibitors. An effective amount of a compound of the present invention can be used for the preparation of a medicament useful for treating (therapeutic and prophylactic) hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type π diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease (especially atherosclerosis), lowering tryglyceride levels, raising the plasma level of high density lipoprotein or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component or other diosorders mediated by a PPAR receptor. Included is treating, preventing or reducing the risk of developing atherosclerosis, and for preventing or reducing the risk of having a first or subsequent atherosclerotic disease event in mammals, particularly in humans. In general, an effective amount of a compound of the present invention (1) reduces serum glucose levels of a patient, or more specifically HbAlc, typically by about 0.7%; (2) reduces the serum triglyceride levels of a patient, typically by about 20 %; and/or (3) increases the serum HDL levels in a patient, preferably about 30 %.
Additionally, an effective amount of a compound of the present invention and an effective amount of one or more of the active agents listed above can be used together for the preparation of a medicament useful for the above-described treatments.
Preferably compounds of the invention or pharmaceutical formulations containing these compounds are in unit dosage form for administration to a mammal. The unit dosage form can be any unit dosage form known in the art including, for example, a capsule, an TV bag, a tablet, or a vial. The quantity of active ingredient (viz., a compound of the present invention or salts thereof) in a unit dose of composition is a therapeutically effective amount and maybe varied according to the particular treatment involved. It may be appreciated that it may be necessary to make routine variations to the dosage depending on the age and condition of the patient. The dosage will also depend on the route of administration that may be by a variety of routes including oral, aerosol, rectal, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal and intranasal.
Pharmaceutical formulations of the invention are prepared by combining (e.g., mixing) an effective amount of a compound of the invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. The present pharmaceutical formulations are prepared by known procedures using well-known and readily available ingredients.
In making the compositions of the present invention, the active ingredient will usually be admixed with a carrier, or diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier that may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container.
When the carrier serves as a diluent, it may be a solid, lyophilized solid or paste, semi-solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), or ointment, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound. The compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated prior to administration.
For the pharmaceutical formulations any suitable carrier known in the art can be used. In such a formulation, the carrier may be a solid, liquid, or mixture of a solid and a liquid. For example, for intravenous injection the compounds of the invention may be dissolved in at a concentration of about 0.05 to about 5.0 mg/ml in a 4% dextrose/0.5% Na citrate aqueous solution.
Solid form formulations include powders, tablets and capsules. A solid carrier can be one or more substance that may also act as flavoring agents,, lubricants, solubilisers, suspending agents, binders, tablet disintegrating agents and encapsulating material.
Tablets for oral administration may contain suitable excipients such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate, together with disintegrating agents, such as maize, starch, or alginic acid, and/or binding agents, for example, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, or talc. In powders the carrier is a finely divided solid that is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient. In tablets the active ingredient is mixed with a carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired. Advantageously, compositions containing the compound of the present invention or the salts thereof may be provided in dosage unit form, preferably each dosage unit containing from about 1 to about 500 mg be administered although it will, of course, readily be understood that the amount of the compound or compounds of the present invention actually to be administered will be determined by a physician, in the light of all the relevant circumstances.
Powders and tablets preferably contain from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the active ingredient that is the novel compound of this invention. Suitable solid carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, low melting waxes, and cocoa butter.
The following pharmaceutical formulations 1 through 8 are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. "Active Ingredient", refers to a compound according to the present invention or salts thereof.
Formulation 1
Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the following ingredients:
Quantity (mg/capsule) Active Ingredient 250
Starch, dried 200
Magnesium stearate 10
Total 460 mg Formulation 2 A tablet is prepared using the ingredients below:
Quantity (mg/tablet) Active Ingredient 250
Cellulose, microcrystalline 400
Silicon dioxide, fumed 10
Stearic acid 5
Total 665 mg
The components are blended and compressed to form tablets each weighing 665 mg
Formulation 3 An aerosol solution is prepared containing the following components:
Weight Active Ingredient 0.25
Ethanol 25.75
Propellant 22 (Chlorodifiuoromethane) 74.00
Total 100.00
The Active Ingredient is mixed with ethanol and the mixture added to a portion of the propellant 22, cooled to 30°C and transferred to a filling device. The required amount is then fed to a stainless steel container and diluted with the remainder of the propellant. The valve units are then fitted to the container. Formulation 4 Tablets, each containing 60 mg of Active ingredient, are made as follows:
Active Ingredient 60 mg Starch 45 mg
Microcrystalline cellulose 35 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone (as 10% solution in water) 4 g Sodium carboxymethyl starch 4.5 mg Magnesium stearate 0.5 mg Talc l mg
Total 150 mg
The Active Ingredient, starch and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The aqueous solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powder, and the mixture then is passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at 50°C and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve. The sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve, are then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yield tablets each weighing 150 mg.
Formulation 5
Capsules, each containing 80 mg of Active Ingredient, are made as follows:
Active Ingredient 80 mg
Starch 59 mg
Microcrystalline cellulose 59 mg
Magnesium stearate 2 mg
Total 200 mg The Active Ingredient, cellulose, starch, and magnesium stearate are blended, passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve, and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 200 mg quantities.
Formulation 6 Suppositories, each containing 225 mg of Active Ingredient, are made as follows:
Active Ingredient 225 mg
Saturated fatty acid glycerides 2.000 mg
Total 2,225 mg
The Active Ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimum heat necessary. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of nominal 2g capacity and allowed to cool.
Formulation 7
Suspensions, each containing 50 mg of Active Ingredient per 5 ml dose, are made as follows:
Active Ingredient 50 mg
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 50 mg
Syrup 1.25 ml
Benzoic acid solution 0.10 ml
Flavor q.v.
Color q.v.
Purified water to total 5 ml The Active Ingredient is passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and syrup to form a smooth paste. The benzoic acid solution, flavor and color are diluted with a portion of the water and added, with stirring. Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume.
Formulation 8 An intravenous formulation may be prepared as follows:
Active Ingredient 100 mg
Isotonic saline 1,000 ml
The solution of the above materials generally is administered intravenously to a subject at a rate of 1 ml per minute.
The compounds of the present invention, in general, may be prepared according to the Reaction Schemes described below. When describing various aspects of the present compounds, the teπns "Tail", "Linker" and "Head" are used as their concept is illustrated below in General Reaction Scheme.
General Reaction Scheme
Figure imgf000071_0001
Tail — Linker Head
A) Tail— OH + Yj — Linker'-Head '■ Tail Linker — Head
B) Yj — Linker' — Y2 + Y3 ~ -Head ; -Linker'— Head
C) TaU — Linker'-Y2 + Y3— Head = Tail Linker — Head
D) Tail— OH + Yj — Linker'— Y2 = Tail — Linker'— Y,
Yl = OH or LG (leaving gφ)
Y2 = Yj or H
Y3 = OH, OTf, or I
Linker' = Linker modified to accomodate Y substitution
As shown in General Reaction Scheme, the compounds of the present invention can be divided into three regions designated as Tail, Linker and Head. By a retrosynthetic analysis, key bond disconnections occur between each of these 3 regions. According to route A, a nucleophilic tailpiece is coupled to an electrophilic compound linker-headpiece, which in turn is derived by coupling the linker region with the headpiece by route B. Alternately according to route C, the headpiece can be coupled to the compound tailpiece-linker, derived by coupling the nucleophilic tailpiece with the electophilic linker by route D. The following reaction schemes illustrate more detailed synthetic routes to prepare the compounds of the present invention. Reaction Scheme A: Synthesis of Head Piece
Figure imgf000072_0001
chiral hydrolysis resolution
Figure imgf000072_0002
Figure imgf000072_0003
Figure imgf000072_0004
Zt = H, aliphatic, aralkyl, heteroalkylene, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl Pg = protecting group, such as CH3 or PhCH,
Reaction Scheme A shows the preparation of a general headpiece of the present compounds. Condensation of an aromatic aldehyde (1) with an alpha- alkoxyacetic acid ester (2) in the presence of a suitable base, such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide yields hydroxyester (3). The free hydroxyl group is converted into a leaving group by treatment with either methanesulfonyl chloride or trifluoroacetic anhydride. When the aromatic alcohol is protected as a benzyl ether (Pg is PhCH2), exhaustive hydrogenolysis using hydrogen over Pd/C yields compound (5). Ester hydrolysis of (5) using aqueous hydroxide solution affords acid compound (6), which can be resolved into the corresponding enantiomers by using an appropriate chiral amine, such as (-)-cinchonidine. The acid (7) can be esterified using the appropriate alcohol under acidic conditions, such as ethanol and sulfuric acid, or an alkyl halide under basic conditions, such as cesium carbonate in DMF to give compound (8).
Reaction Scheme B: Synthesis of Hea id Piece
Figure imgf000073_0001
RXR' MeO OMe
Figure imgf000073_0002
11 12
esterification deprotection
Figure imgf000073_0003
R, R' = H or alkyl
An alternate route to the headpiece is shown in Reaction Scheme B. The ketone function of ketoacid (9) is subjected to a reducing agent, such as 5-chloro- diisopinocampheylborane, to give hydroxyacid (10). The phenolic hydroxyl group is then protected with the protecting group to give compound (11). The compound (11) reacted with a dimethyl ketal followed by phenol ether cleavage gives an dioxolanone intermediate, which affords a 2-alkoxyacid upon treatment with a suitable Lewis acid, such as TiC ÷ and a reducing reagent, such as a trialkylsilane. Esterification yields 2-alkoxyester (12). Alternatively, acid (11) can be esterified to yield ester (13), which can be treated with an electrophile such as an alkyl halide, and an additive such as NaH or silver (I) oxide to afford ether compound (14).
Reaction Scheme C: Synthesis of Head Piece
Figure imgf000074_0001
As shown in Reaction Scheme C, a Claisen rearrangement can be used to alkylate the headpiece. Aryl alcohol (15) is treated with an allyl bromide in the presence of a suitable base, such as NaH to give allyl ether (16). Heating the ether compound (16) in dimethylaniline affords the allylated headpiece compound (17).
Reaction Scheme D: Synthesis of Head Piece
Figure imgf000075_0001
Figure imgf000075_0002
Z2 = Cl, Br, I
Z, = Ar, -CH=CHAr
As shown in Reaction Scheme D, halogen substitution can be introduced into the headpiece by treating aryl alcohol (18) with an N-halosuccinimide in organic solvent to yield the compound (19). The compound (19) then undergoes a coupling reaction in the presence of palladium catalyst to yield the corresponding aryl and styrenyl compounds (20).
Reaction Scheme E: Synthesis of Head-Linker
Figure imgf000076_0001
deprotection
Figure imgf000076_0002
L = Linker: aliphatic, aralkyl, heteroalkylene X = Cl, Br, I
Reaction Scheme E illustrates a synthesis of the present compounds by the general linker-headpiece route (General Scheme, routes A and B). The headpiece compoud (21) is coupled with a suitably monoprotected diol using a trialkylphosphine or triarylphosphine and an azodicarboxylate derivative (Mitsunobu conditions) to yield aryl ether (22). Deprotection of the alcohol function in the linker affords the compound (23), which then undergoes Mitsunobu coupling reaction with a tailpiece aryl alcohol (ArOH) to give compound (24). Further ester hydrolysis affords acid compound (25). Alternatively, the alcohol compound (23) can be converted to the corresponding halide (26) using a carbon tetrahalide and triphenylphosphine. Treatment of compound (26) with a tailpiece aryl alcohol (ArOH) in the presence of a suitable base, such as cesium carbonate affords compound (24), which then undergoes hydrolysis to give acid compound (25). Reaction Scheme F: Synthesis of Head-Linker
Figure imgf000077_0001
27 hydrolysis
Figure imgf000077_0002
As shown in Reaction Scheme F, the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by the general tailpiece-linker to headpiece route (General Scheme, route C). The headpiece compound of alcohol (27) is treated with a tailpiece-r linker halide (ArO-L-X) in the presence of a suitable base, such as potassium or cesium carbonate to afford the compound (28), which then undergoes ester hydrolysis to yield acid compound (29).
Reaction Scheme G: Solid Phase Synthesis
Figure imgf000078_0001
deprotection
Tail-Linker
Figure imgf000078_0002
Figure imgf000078_0003
cleavage from resin 32
Figure imgf000078_0004
34
As shown in Reaction Scheme G, the headpiece can be attached to a resin allowing for a solid phase synthesis of the target compounds. Carboxylic acid (30) is attached to a suitable resin, such as the Wang resin, using an appropriate coupling reagent, such as diisopropyl carbodiimide (DIPC). Cleavage of the aryl alcohol protecting group, such as a tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether (t-BuMe2Si) with the appropriate reagent, such as tetra-«-butylammonium fluoride gives aryl alcohol (32). The tail and linker regions are introduced as described in Reaction Schemes E and F to produce the compound (33). The carboxylic acid (34) can be released from the resin under suitable conditions, such as trifluoroacetic acid. Reaction Scheme H: Synthesis of Head-Linker
Figure imgf000079_0001
Reaction Scheme H illustrates a synthetic route to prepare the compounds of the present invention having alkynyl linkers. The headpiece compound (35) can be converted to the corresponding aryl triflate (36) (or aryl iodide) using phenyl triflamide and an appropriate base, such as NaH. The palladium catalyzed coupling reaction of compound (36) with an alkynyl alcohol gives the linker-headpiece intermediate (37). Coupling of compound (37) with various tailpiece alcohols can be achieved as described in Reaction Scheme E to afford the compound (38), which then undergoes a hydrolysis to yield the acid compound (40). Reaction Scheme I: Synthesis of Head-Linker
Pd(0)
Figure imgf000080_0001
Alternative to Reaction Scheme H, the headpiece compound of triflate (41) can be combined with a tailpiece-linker to give the coupled compound (42) in one step as shown in Reaction Scheme I. The compound (42) then undergoes a hydrolysis to give the acid compound (43).
Reaction Scheme J: Synthesis of Head-Linker
Figure imgf000081_0001
1. HCOOH 2. CuBr
Figure imgf000081_0002
As shown in Reaction Scheme J, the headpiece compound of triflate (44) can be coupled with trimethylsilylacetylene using palladium catalysis to give the acetylenic headpiece (45) after fluoride mediated cleavage of the silyl group. The alkyne (45) is hydrolyzed under aqueous acidic conditions to the methyl ketone, which is then brominated with a suitable agent, such as copper (I) bromide to give bromoketone (46). Treatment of the compound (46) with a tailpiece aryl alcohol in the presence of a suitable base, such as potassium carbonate and aqueous base hydrolysis affords the acid compound (47).
Reaction Scheme K: Alkyne-Linker Modification
Figure imgf000082_0001
1. hydrolysis l. NH,OR-HCl v 2. H2, Pd-C 2. hydrolysis
Figure imgf000082_0002
As shown in Reaction Scheme K, an alkyne function in the linker region of the present compounds can be modified. The alkyne can be oxidized to ketone to give compound (49) by using an appropriate oxidizing agent, such as mercuric oxide. The ketone can be further modified to the corresponding oximes (51) by treatment with an alkoxyamine followed by hydrolysis. Alternatively, the allcynyl function can be reduced to the alkylene as in compound (50) by using an appropriate reducing agent, such as hydrogen over palladium-on-carbon.
Reaction Scheme L: Synthesis of Linker
1. SOC1,
2. RuCl3, NaIO4 a) HO' OH Os /O
52 O^ O
53
1. ArOH, base w 2. HCl
CX4, PPh3
ArO 'X ArO' ^OH
55 54
ArOH, base b) Br— L— Br ArO— L— Br 56 57
ArOH c) HO— L— OH Mitsunobu ArO— L— OH 58 59
Figure imgf000083_0001
ArOH
^OAr
Mitsunobu 62
Reaction Scheme L illustrates various synthetic routes to the linker region. In route (a), 1,3-propane diol (52) is converted to the cyclic sulfonate ester (53) upon treatment with thionyl chloride followed by appropriate oxidation reagents, such as ruthenium trichloride and sodium periodate. Ring opening of the intermediate (53) is effected upon treatment with a tailpiece alcohol and a suitable base such as potassium tert-butoxide, followed by an acidic workup procedure to give the linker alcohol compound (54). The alcohol is then converted to the halide by using an appropriate reagent, such as a carbontetrahalide and a triarylphosphine to afford the compound (55). In route (b), the compound of dibromo-linker (56) is reacted with approximately one mole equivalent of the tailpiece aryl alcohol in the presence of a suitable base, such as potassium carbonate to give the bromo-ether compound (57).
In route (c), the compound of diol-linker (58) is coupled with approximately one mole equivalent of the tailpiece alcohol under Mitsunobu reaction conditions to give the hydroxy-ether compound (59).
In route (d), 1,3-propane diol (60) is converted to the halide (61), which is then reacted with the headpiece aryl alcohol under the Mitsunobu reaction condition to give the bromo-ether compound (62).
Reaction Scheme M: Synthesis of Modified Linker
Figure imgf000084_0001
1. ArOH; Mitsunobu
2. hydrolysis
Figure imgf000084_0002
Figure imgf000084_0003
Reaction Scheme M illustrates the synthetic routes to compounds with aryl- containing linkers. In route (a), The compound of headpiece triflate (60) is coupled with an arylboronic acid in the presence of palladium catalyst. Reduction of the intermediate aldehyde using a suitable reagent such as sodium borohydride, affords the arylic alcohol compound (61). The compound (61) can be coupled with the tailpiece aryl alcohol (ArOH) under Mitsunobu conditions followed by ester hydrolysis to give the acid compound (62).
In route (b), the headpiece alcohol (63) is coupled with approximately one mole equivalent of aryl dibromide in the presence of palladium catalyst to give aryl bromide (64). The compound (64) is then coupled similarly to the tailpiece aryl alcohol (ArOH) followed by ester hydrolysis to afford the acid compound (65).
Reaction Scheme N: Tailpiece Modification
Figure imgf000086_0001
Figure imgf000086_0002
Nu: = nucleophile
Z4 = suitable Ar substituent
Reaction Scheme N shows a synthetic route to modify the tailpiece region of the present compounds. The compound of αrø-fluorobenzophenone (66) is treated with a suitable nucleophile such as secondary amines and alkoxides, and then subjected to ester hydrolysis to give the acid compound (67). The carbonyl function of benzophenone (68) can be reduced by using an appropriate reagent, such as hydrogen over palladium-on-carbon to yield the corresponding alcohol (69) after ester hydrolysis. The ketone moiety of compound (68) can be also modified to the corresponding oximes (70) by treatment with an alkoxyamine followed by hydrolysis.
Reaction Scheme O: Synthesis of Modified Tailpiece a)
Figure imgf000088_0001
1. RNCO or
Figure imgf000088_0002
Reaction Scheme O shows the synthetic routes to prepare the tailpiece region of the compounds. A Claisen rearrangement is used to alkylate the tailpiece aryl ring as shown in route (a). Aryl alcohol (71) is treated with an allyl bromide in the presence of a suitable base, such as NaH to give allyl ether (72). Heating this ether in dimethylaniline gives the allylated headpiece (73). Solid phase methods to synthesize the tailpiece are described in route (b). Aryl alcohol is coupled to a suitable resin, such as the Wang resin under Mitsunobu conditions. Coupling the resin with a nitro aryl alcohol gives an intermediate that is reduced under appropriate conditions, such as tin (TT) chloride in DMF to give aniline (74). The nitrogen function is reacted further with suitable reagents, such as isocyanates, acid chlorides or chloroformates to give the corresponding ureas, carbamates and amides, respectively. Cleavage from the resin under acidic conditions, such as trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane affords the amino substituted tailpiece of aryl alcohol compound (75). Alternatively, coupling the resin with an iodo aryl alcohol gives iodide intermediate (76). The aryl iodide (76) then can be coupled directly with aryl boronic acids under palladium catalysis to give biaryl tailpiece aryl alcohols (77) upon cleavage from the resin under acidic condition. Iodide intermediate (76) can also be converted to the trialkylstannane (78) in the presence of palladium catalyst. Subsequent palladium catalyzed coupling with suitable reagents, such as acid chloride and upon cleavage from the resin under acidic condition afford the carbonyl substituted tailpiece aryl alcohol compound (79).
EXEMPLIFICATION Instrumental Analysis
!H NMR spectra were recorded on Varian 400 MHz, Bruker 200, 300 or 500 MHz spectromethers at ambient temperature. Data are reported as follows: chemical shift in ppm from internal standard teframethylsilane on the δ scale, multiplicity (b = broad, s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, qn = quintet and m = multiplex), integration, and coupling constant (Hz). 13C NMR were recorded on a Bruker 200, 300 or 500 MHz spectromether at ambient temperature. Chemical shifts are reported in ppm from teframethylsilane on the δ scale, with the solvent resonance employed as the internal standard (CDC13 at 77.0 ppm and DMSO-d6 at 39.5 ppm). High resolution mass spectra were obtained on VG ZAB 3F or VG 70 SE spectromethers. Analytical thin layer chromatography was performed on EM Reagent 0.25 mm silica gel 60-F plates. Visualization was accomplished with UV light.
Standard Synthesis Procedures
Certain standard synthesis procedures were used in preparing many of the exemplified compounds of the present invention. These Standard Procedures were:
Standard Procedure for Mitsounobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (A): A solution of triphenylphosphine (1.42 mmol) in 10 mL of dry THF was treated at 0°C with diethylazodicarboxylate (1.42 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of (2S)-3- [4-(3-Hydroxy-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-metlιoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (1.19 mmol) and 4-phenylphenol (1.42 mmol) in 5 mL of dry THF was added to the solution, and the mixture stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated to dryness under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with Rfs 0.5 and 0.42 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the couple compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated to dryness. The mixture was dissolved in 4 mL of IN NaOH and 12 mL of methanol and stirred at room temperature until TLC indicated the disappearance of starting material. The methanol was removed under vacuum, and the aqueous solution was diluted with 20 mL of brine and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous phase was acidified with IN HCl (pH 1-2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The organic layer dried (MgS04) and concentrated under vacuum.
Standard Procedure for the Mitsounobu coupling procedure (B): A solution of triphenylphosphine (1.42 mmol) in 10 mL toluene or THF was treated at 0°C with DEAD or DIAD (1.42 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of (2S)-3-(4- Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (1.19 mmol) and the corresponding alcohol (1.42 mmol) in 5 mL of toluene or THF was added to the solution, and the mixture stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated to dryness under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography
Standard hydrolysis Procedure (C : (2S)-3-{4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-but-l-ynyl]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.5 g, 1.17 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of IN NaOH (or LiOH) and 60 mL of methanol and was stirred at room temperature until TLC indicated the disappearance of starting material (ca. 3 h). The methanol was removed under vacuum, and the aqueous solution diluted with 20 mL of brine and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 60 mL). The aqueous phase was acidified with IN HCl (until pH 1-2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 60 mL). The organic layer dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated under vacuum.
Standard Procedure for Monoprotection of diols (D): A solution of the corresponding diol (1 eq) in dry THF was cooled to 0 °C. Sodium hydride (1 eq) was added, and the mixture reaction was stirred 30 min at that temperature. Tert- butyldimethylsilyl chloride (0.95 eq) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Then a 10 % Na2C03 solution was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silicagel chromatography. Standard Procedure for the cleveage of the protected alcohols (E): A mixture solution of the corresponding protected alcohol in THF was treated with tetrabutylamonium fluoride (1M in THF) (2 eq) . The solution was stirred at room temperature until reaction is completed by TLC, then quenched with water and extracted with Ethyl Acetate to give a crude product which was purified by silica gel chromatography.
Standard Procedure (F : The reaction was carried out in a polypropylene syringe equipped with a polypropylene frit. A suspension of the resin-linked phenol (1 eq) was suspended in THF (0.02 M). A solution of 1,3-propanediol (5 eq) in THF was added followed by a mixture of triphenylphosphine (5 eq) and diisopropylazo- dicarboxylate (5 eq) in THF. The mixture was shaken at room temperature overnight. The reaction solvent was removed, and the resin was washed sequentially with THF (2x), CH2C12 (2x), DMF (2x), CH2C12 (2x), methanol and CH2C12 (3x). The resultant polymer was dried under vacuum overnight to produce the targeted immobilized alcohol.
Standard Procedure (G): The reaction was carried out in a polypropylene syringe equipped with a polypropylene frit. A suspension of the resin-linked alcohol (1 eq) was suspended in a mixture 1:1 THF/CH2C12 (0.015 M). A solution of phenol (10 eq) dissolved in a mixture of 1 : 1 THF/CH2C12 was added followed by a mixture of triphenylphosphine (5 eq) and diisopropylazo-dicarboxylate (5 eq) in THF/CH2C12 1:1. The mixture was shaken at room temperature overnight, and the reaction solvent was removed. The resin was washed sequentially with 1 : 1 THF/CH2C12 (2x), THF (2x), CH2C12 (2x), DMF (2x), CH2C12 (2x), methanol, and CH2C12 (2x). The resin was dried under vacuum for 5 h and treated with 50% TFA in CH2C12. The solution was filtered and concentrated, and the residue was purified by HPLC- MS chromatography to produce the desired product.
Standard Procedure (TD: Lithium hydroxide IN solution in water (0.245 mL) was added to a solution of the ester (0.073 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours, diluted with water (10 mL) and exfracted with diethyl ether (3 X 10 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with IN HCl to pH 1 and extracted with Diethyl ether (5 X 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO ), filtered and concentrated under vacuum to produce the coπesponding acid.
Standard Procedure (I): A mixture of the corresponding phenol (1 eq) and the bromoalkyl derivative (1 eq) with K2CO3 (3 eq) were refluxed in acetonitrile overnight. Cooled the mixture reaction and concentrated to dryness to give a crude which was purified by chromatography in silicagel to give the product.
Standard Procedure (J): A mixture of the corresponding phenol (1.5 eq), and the bromoalkyl derivative (1 eq) in DMF were treated with Cs2CO (3 eq). The mixture reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight and then filtered. Removed the DMF under vacuo and added methanol to the residue treating the mixture with NaOH IM (10 eq) and stirred for 3h. The solvent was evaporated and the salts were dissolved in water. The aqueous phase was acidified to pH 2 and extracted with dichloromethane, filtered through a hydrophobic syringe and the organic layer purified by HPLC-MS.
Example 1 f2lSf -3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxyVprop-l-vnyl1-phenyll-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000093_0001
Step A
(2,Sr)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000093_0002
To a solution of (_5)-2-methoxy-3-hydroxyphenyl-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.388 g, 1.73 mmol) in 40 mL of dry THF cooled to -20° C was added sodium hydride (0.073 g, 1.82 mmol, 60% oil dispersion). The mixture was stirred at-20°C for 30 min. Phenyl triflimide (0.68 g, 1.90 mmol) was added in one portion, and the solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and concentrated to dryness under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between water (20 mL) and diethyl ether (20 mL). The layers were separated, and the aqueous solution was extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 20 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with 10% Na2CO3 (6 x 20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to a yellow oil (574 mg, 97 %). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.34-7.16 (m, 4H), 4.18 (q, 2H, J=7.0), 3.93 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.6), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.05 (s, IH), 3.02 (d, IH, J=2.4 Hz), 1.22 (t, 3H, J=7.25).
Step B r2S)-3-[4-β-Hvdroxy-prop-l-ynyD-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000094_0001
A solution of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-trifluoromethane-sulfonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.861 g, 2.53 mmol), propargyl alcohol (0.88 mL, 15.18 mmol), triethylamine (1.41 mL, 10.12 mmόl) and dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (IT) in 10 mL of dry DMF was heated to 90°C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 50 mL of water, and extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 0.5 N HCl (2 x 20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried (MgSO4), and concentrated. The residue purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1, Rf 0.17) to give a yellow-brown oil (0.211 g, 32%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.35 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 4.48 (s, 2H), 4.17 (q, 2H, J=7.3), 3.93 (dd, IH, j=7.3, 5.7), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.02 (s, IH), 2.99 (d, IH, J=2.2), 1.8 (s, IH), 1.22 (t, 3H, J=7.3). Ste C
(2S)-3-|4-r3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxyVprop-l-ynyll-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester using the standard Mitsunobu coupling- hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce a white solid. Mp 111- 112°C. !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.58-7.52 (m, 4H), 7.45-7.30 (m, 5H), 7.19 (d, IH, J=8.3), 7.10 (dd, 3H, J=6.7, 1.9), 4.94 (s, 2H), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.3); 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, 1 H, J=14.5, 4.6), 2.99 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.8).MS (ES) for C25H22O4 [M+NHtf: 404, [M+Na]+:409.
Example 2 (26r)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-prop-l-vnyll-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid:
Figure imgf000095_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (from Example 1, Step B) via the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce a white oily solid. - MR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.84-7.71 (m, 4H), 7.55-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.17 (d, 2H, J=8.0), 7.07 (d, 2 H, J=8.8), 4.96 (s, 2H), 3.96 (dd, IH, J=7.7, 4.4), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.11 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 4.4), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 7.3).
Example 3
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-l4-[3-('4-phenoxy-phenoxyVprop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid:
Figure imgf000095_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester via (from Example 1, Step B) the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce a white oily solid (41 %). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.38-7.15 (m, 5H), 7.02- 6.76 (m, 8H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.4), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.12 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 4.4), 2.98 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 7.3). MS (ES) for C25H22O5 [M+NHUf: 420.2,
Figure imgf000096_0001
Example 4 f 2S)-3 - (4-[3 -f 4-Fruoro-phenoxy')-prop- 1 -ynyl] -phenyl } -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000096_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (from Example 1, Step B) via the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce a white solid of the title compound. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.34 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2 H); 7.16 (d, j = 8.0 Hz, 2 H); 6.98-6.86 (m, 4 H); 4.84 (s, 2 TT); 3.97 (dd, J = 7.7, 4.4 Hz, 1 H); 3.36 (s, 3 H); 3.12 (dd, j = 14.3, 4.4 Hz, 1 H); 2.98 (dd, J = 14.3, 7.3 Hz, 1 H). MS (ES) for C19H17FO4 [M+NH4f : 346, [M+Naf: 351.
Example 5 2SV2-Methoxy-3-(4-r3-(3-phenyl-benzofuran-6-yloxyVprop-l-vnyl]-ρhenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000096_0003
Step A f2S)-3-r4-f3-Chloro-prop-l-ynylVphenyl1-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000097_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.060 g, 0.23 mmol) (from Example 1, Step B) in dry DMF (5 ml) and treated with triethyl amine (0.69 mmol) and mesylchloride (0.46 mmol). The mixture reaction was stirred overnight, and the crude product was extracted with H2O/Ether. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give a product that was purified in silica using Hexane /Ethyl Acetate (5/1) to give the title compound as an oil (0.020g, 30% yield). MS (ES) for C15H17CIO3 [M+Hf : 281.2
Step B
( 2S -2-Methoxy-3 - {4- [3 -( 3 -phenyl-benzofuran-6-yloxy)-prop- 1 -ynyl] -phenyl) - propionic acid
A solution of (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l -ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Step A (0.071 mmol, 1 eq) in 0.7 ml of DMF in a 16 X 100 mm tube treated with 3-phenyl-6-hydroxybenzofurane (0.078 mmol, 1.1 eq) Cesium Carbonate (0.213 mmol, 3 eq) and Nal (0.071 mmol, 1 eq) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reactants were filtered and washed with DMF several times. The solvent was evaporated under vacuo and the residue reconstituted in a mixture of Ethanol (2 ml) and NaOH (IM) (1 ml) and stirred at room temperature until reaction is completed by HPLC-MS. Then HCl (IM) was added (until pH=3) and the solvent were eliminated under vacuo. The residue was reconstituted in CH2C12/H20 and filtered through a hidrofobic syringer. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and purified by HPLC-MS to get the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H2205 [M+H]+: 427.2.
Example 6 f 2SV3- (4-l~3 -(4-Butyl-phenoxy)-pror 1 -vnyl]-phenyl| -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000098_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and 4-n-butylphenol in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for C23H2604 [M-Hp 365.2
Example 7
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-(3-[4-r4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy1-prop-l-vnyll- phenyD-propionic acid
Figure imgf000098_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5 Step A and 4-(4- trifluoromethylPhenoxy)phenol in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for C26H21F305 [M-BT: 469.2
Example 8 f2SV2-Methoxy-3-|,4-[3-('9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxyVρrop-l-vnvη-phenyll- propionic acid
Figure imgf000099_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5 Step A and 2-hydroxy-9- fluorenone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for C26H2o05 [M-H]-: 411.2
Example 9 r2SV2-Methoxy-3-f4-[3-r4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-prop-l-ynyl]- pheny -propionic acid
Figure imgf000099_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyI)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and 7-hydroxyflavone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for
Figure imgf000099_0003
Example 10
(2SV3-(4-(3-['4-f2-Fluoro-benzoylVphenoxyl-prop-l-ynyl')-phenylV2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000100_0001
Chiral
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and 2-fluoro-4- hydroxybenzophenone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for C26H21FO[M+H]+: 433.2.
Example 11
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3- 4-[3-('3-phenylamino-phenoxy)-prop-l-vnyl]-phenyl>-propionic acid
Figure imgf000100_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and 3- hydroxydiphenylamine in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for C25H23NO [M+H]+: 402.2.
Example 12
("2SV3-(4-{3-[4- 4-Fluoro-benzoy -phenoxy]-prop-l-vnyl>-phenylV2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000101_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and 4-fluoro-4'- hydroxybenzophenone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for C26H2]FO[M+H]+: 433.2.
Example 13
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-('4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxy')-ρrop-l-ynyl1- phenyl} -propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and 6-hydroxyflavone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for
Figure imgf000101_0003
Example 14
(,2S)-3- 4-{3-[3- 4-Fluoro-phenyl)-benzofuran-6-yloxy]-prop-l-ynyll-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000102_0001
Chiral
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and 6-hydroxy-3-(4- fluorophenyl)benzofurane in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for C27H2]FO5 [M-H]": 443.2.
Example 15
( 2SV2-Methoxy-3 -(4- (3-f4-fl -methyl- 1 -phenyl-ethylVphenoxyl-prop- 1 -vnyll- phenylVpropionic acid
Figure imgf000102_0002
Chiral
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and 4-cumylphenol in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) forC28H28O4[M+NH4f:446.2.
Example 16 2SV2-Methoxy-3-(4-[3-('4-phenylacetyl-phenoxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000102_0003
Chiral The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and benzyl-4- hydroxyphenylketone in a manner analogous to that described for Exapmle 5, Step B. MS(ES) for C27H24O5 [M-H]": 427.2.
Example 17 ('2S)-3-(4-[3- 4-Benzyl-phenoxyVprop-l-ynyl1-phenyl}-2-methoxy-piOpionic acid
Figure imgf000103_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Chloro-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 5, Step A and 4- hydroxydiphenylmethane in a manner analogous to that described for Example 5, Step B. MS(ES) for C26H24O4[M-HT:399.
Example 18 r2SV3-[4-(3-{4-[ 2-Fluoro-phenyl)-hvdroxyimino-methyl]-phenoxy)-prop-l-vnyl - phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000103_0002
Chiral
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(2-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-prop-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid from Example 10, (0.01 mmol, 1 eq) was mixed with Hydroxylamine chlorydrate (4 eq), pyrydine (10 eq) and Ethanol (2 ml) and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight. The ethanol was evaporated under vacuo and HCl 0.5% was added to the residue to pH = 3. Extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated to give the title product as a mixture of two oximes. MS(ES) for C2βH22FNO5 [M+H]+: 448.2, [M-H]-: 446.2.
Example 19
(2S -3-('4-{3-[4-fHvdroxyinιino-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-prop-l-ynyl'}-phenyl')-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000104_0001
Chiral
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (0.01 mmol, 1 eq) (Example 2) was mixed with Hydroxylamine chlorydrate (4 eq), pyrydine (10 eq) and Ethanol (2 ml) and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight. The ethanol was evaporated under vacuo and HCl 0.5 % was added to the residue to pH = 3. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate and concentrated to give the title product as a mixture of two oximes. MS(ES) for C26H23NOs [M+Hf : 430.2, [M-H]": 428.2.
Example 20
(2S)-3-[4-(3- ^-[^-Fluoro-phenvD-hvdroxyimino-methylJ-phenoxy} -prop- 1 -vnvD- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000104_0002
Chiral
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-prop-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid from Example 12 (0.01 mmol, 1 eq) was mixed with Hydroxylamine chlorydrate (4 eq), pyrydine (10 eq) and Ethanol (2 ml) and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight. The ethanol was evaporated under vacuo and HCl 0.5% was added to the residue to pH = 3. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate and concentrated to give the title product as a mixture of two oximes. MS(ES) for C26H22FN05 [M+H]+: 448.2, [M-H]": 446.2.
Example 21 ("2S)-3-{4-[5-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-pent-l-ynyll-phenyl'i-2-methoxy-propionic acid:
Figure imgf000105_0001
Step A
(2S)-3-[4- 5-Hydroxy-pent-l-ynylVphenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000105_0002
This compound was prepared form 4-pentyn-l-ol following the procedure described in Example 1, Step B. Yellow-brown oil. 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.33 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 7.16 (d, 2H, J-8.1), 4.17 (q, 2H, J=7.3), 3.92 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.7), 3.80 (t, 2H, J=6.5), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.01 (s, IH), 2.98 (d, IH, J=2.4), 2.68 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 1.86 (br, IH), 1.23 (t, 3H, J=7.3).
Step B , f2SV3-(4-[5-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy -pent-l-ynyl]-phenyll-2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(5-hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and 4-phenylphenol via the standard
Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce a white oily solid. 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.56-7.28 (m, 9H), 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 6.98 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 4.15 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.7, 4.4), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 4.4), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 7.7), 2.62 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 2.08 (qn, 2H, J=6.6). Example 22
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-[5-f4-phenoxy-phenoxyVpent-l-ynyll-T3henvU-propionic acid:
Figure imgf000106_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(5-hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 21, Step A) and 4-phenoxyphenol via the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce a white oily solid. 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.26-7.19 (m, 4H), 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.3), 6.98-6.78 (m, 7H), 4.01 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 3.91 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.05 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.3), 2.90 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.5), 2.54 (t, 2H, J=6.7), 1.98 (qn, 2H, J=6.4). MS (ES for C27H2605 [M+NH4]+: 448, [M+Naf: 453.
Example 23 ^SVS- -fS-^-Benzoyl-phenoxyVpent-l-vnyll-phenyll-Σ-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000106_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(5-hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 21, Step A) and 4-hydroxybenzophenone via the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce a white oily solid. 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.82-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.54-7.43 (m, 4H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.14 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 6.95 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 4.19 (d, 2H, J=5.9), 3.96 (dd, IH, J=7.7, 4.4), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 4.4), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 7.7), 2.61 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 2.08 (qn, 2H, J=6.6). Example 24
(2SV3 - 14- r 5 -C4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-pent- 1 -ynyl] -phenyll -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000107_0001
Chiral
Step A
3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-vnyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000107_0002
Chiral
To a solution of (2S)-3-[4-(5-Hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 21, Step A (0.17 mmol, 1 eq) in dichloromethane (5 ml) and CBr4 (0.34 mmol, 2 eq) at 0°C, Ph3P was added (0.34 mmol, 2 eq) partionwise and the mixture reaction was stirred 1 hour the solvent was removed under vacuo and the residue purified by flash chromatography using Hexane/ Ethyl acetate as eluent (6: 1) to give the title product in 85% yield.
Step B
("2SV3-(4-[5-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid A solution of 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Step A (0.1 mmol, 1 eq) in 0.7 ml of DMF in a 16 x 100 mm tube treated with 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane (0.11 mmol, 1.1 eq) and Cesium Carbonate (0.3 mmol, 3 eq) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The reactants were filtered and washed with DMF several times. The solvent was evaporated under vacuo and the residue reconstituted in a mixture of Ethanol (2 ml) and NaOH (IM) (1 ml) and stirred at room temperature until reaction is completed by HPLC-MS. Then HCl (IM) was added (until ρH=3) and the solvent were eliminated under vacuo. The residue was reconstituted in CH2C12/H20 and filtered through a hidrofobic syringer. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and purified by HPLC-MS to get the title compound. MS(ES) for C28H2804[M+NH4f : 446.2.
Example 25
C2S )-3 -(4- { 5 - [4-f 4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy] -pent- 1 -vnv -phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000108_0001
Chiral
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24, Step A and 4-fluoro-4- hydroxybenzophenone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C28H25F3O5[M+H]+ : 461.2.
Example 26 (2SV2-Methoxy-3-('4-l5-[4-r4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxyVphenoxy1-pent-l-ynyl|- phenvD-propionic acid
Figure imgf000108_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester From Example 24, Step A and 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenol in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C28H25F3O5[M+NH4f : 516.2. Example 27 f2S)-2-Methoxy-3-[4-[5-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-pent-l-ynyl]- phenyl) -propionic acid
Figure imgf000109_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24, Step A and 7-hydroxyflavone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for
Figure imgf000109_0002
Example 28
C2SV2-Methoxy-3-{4-[5-('4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxy)-pent-l-ynyl1- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000109_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24, Step A and 6-hydroxyflavone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for
Figure imgf000109_0004
Example 29
("2SV2-Methoxy-3-r4-(5-r4-ri-methyl-l-nhenyl-ethyl')-phenoxy1-t)ent-l-vnv - phenvD-propionic acid
Figure imgf000110_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24, Step A and 4-cumylphenol in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C30H32O4
Figure imgf000110_0002
Example 30 r2SV2-Methoxy-3-14-r5-f9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxyVpent-l-vnyl1-phenvn- propionic acid
Figure imgf000110_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24, Step A and 2-hydroxy-9- fluorenone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C28H24O5[M+Hf :441.2.
Example 31 (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[5-('3-phenylamino-phenoxy')-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000111_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24 Step A and 3- hydroxydiphenylamine in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C27H27NO4[M+H]+:430.2.
Example 32
(2S)-3-(4-[5- 4- 2-Fluoro-benzoyl -phenoxy]-pent-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000111_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24, Step A and 2-fluoro-4'- hydroxybenzophenone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C28H25FO5[M+Hf :461.2.
Example 33
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[5-f3-phenyl-benzofuran-6-yloxyVpent-l-vnyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000111_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Exapmle 24, Step A and 6-hydroxy-4- phenylbenzophenone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C29H26O5[M+H]+:455.2.
Example 34 r2SV3-(4-{5-[3- 4-Fluoro-phenylVbenzofuran-6-yloxy1-pent-l-ynyll-phenylV2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000112_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24, Step A and 3-(4'- fluorophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzophenone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C29H25FO5[M+H]+:473.2.
Example 35
( 2SV2-Methoxy-3 - {4-[5-f4-phenylacetyl-phenoxy)-pent- 1 -ynyl] -phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000112_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24, Step A and benzyl-4- hydroxyphenylketone in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C29H28O5[M-H]":455.2. Example 36
("2SV3-(4-r5-r4-Butyl-phenoxy)-pent-l-vnyl1-pheny -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000113_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 24, Step A and 4-N-butylphenol in a manner analogous to that described for Example 24, Step B. MS(ES) for C25H30O4[M-H]":393.2.
Example 37 f2S)-3-[4-f5-{4-[f2-Fluoro-phenylVhydroxyimino-methyl]-phenoxyl-pent-l-vnyl')- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic
Figure imgf000113_0002
Chiral
(2S)-3-(4-{5-[4-(2-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-pent-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid from Example 32, (1 eq) was mixed with Hydroxylamine chlorydrate (4 eq), pyrydine (10 eq) and Ethanol (2 ml) and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight. The ethanol was evaporated under vacuo and HCl 0.5% was added to the residue to pH = 3. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate and concentrated to give the title product as a mixture of two oximes. MS(ES) for C28H26FNO5 [M+H]+: 476.2, [M- H]": 474.2.
Example 38 2SV3-[4- 5-(4-[r4-Fluoro-phenyl -hydroxyimino-methyl]-phenoxy)-ρent-l-ynyl)- phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000114_0001
Chiral
(2S)-3-(4-{5-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-pent-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid from Example 25 (1 eq) was mixed with Hydroxylamine chlorydrate (4 eq), pyrydine (10 eq) and Ethanol (2 ml) and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight. The ethanol was evaporated under vacuo and HCl 0.5%> was added to the residue to pH = 3. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate and concentrated to give the title product as a mixture of two oximes. MS(ES) for C28H26FNO5 [M+H]+: 476.2, [M- H]": 474.2.
Example 39
(2SV3-f4-{5-[4-(Hvdroxyimino-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-pent-l-ynyl}-phenylV2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000114_0002
Chiral
(2S)-3-{4-[5-(4-BenzoyI-phenoxy)-ρent-l-ynyl]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid from Example 23, (1 eq) was mixed with Hydroxylamine chlorydrate (4 eq), pyrydine (10 eq) and Ethanol (2 ml) and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight. The ethanol was evaporated under vacuo and HCl 0.5 % was added to the residue to pH = 3. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate and concentrated to give the title product as a mixture of two oximes. MS(ES) for C28H27NO5 [M+H]+: 45,8.2.
Example 40
(2SV3- {4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-but-l -ynyl] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid:
Figure imgf000115_0001
Step A
Toluene-4-sulfonic acid but-3-vnvl ester
A solution of 3-butyn-l-ol (1 mL,& 13.31 mmol), p-toluenesulphonyl chloride (2.519 g, 13.21 mmol), triethylamine (2.03 mL, 14.53 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.081 g, 0.66 mmol) in 20 mL of dichloromethane were stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane (20 mL), washed with 0.5N HCl (40 mL) and brine (40 mL), dried (MgSO ), and concentrated to produce an oil (2.82 g, 95'%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.80 (d, 2H, J=8.3), 7.35 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 4.10 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 2.55 (dt, 2H, J=2.7, 7.0), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.97 (t, 1H, J=2.7).
Step B
4-But-3 -ynyloxy-biphenyl
Figure imgf000115_0002
A solution of 4-phenylphenol (0.774 g, 4.55 mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (0.51 g, 4.55 mmol) in toluene (20 L) was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. Sodium iodide (0.068 g, 0.45 mmol) and toluene-4-sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (1.02 g, 4.55 mmol) were added, and the mixture heated to reflux for 24 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with diethyl ether (20 mL), washed with water (2 x 20 mL). The organic layer was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 3:1, Rf 0.57) to give an oil (140 mg, 14 %). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.57-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.46-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, IH, J=7.3), 7.02- 6.95 ( , 2H), 4.15 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 2.71 (dt, 2H, J=2.7, 7.3), 2.06 (t, IH, J=2.7).
Step C
(2S)-3 - {4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxV)-but- 1 -vnyl]-phenyl I -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000116_0001
To a solution of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-trifluoro-methanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)- propionic acid ethyl ester (1.157 g, 3.4 mmol) (Example 1, Step A) in 30 mL of degassed piperidine was added 4-but-3-ynyloxy-biphenyl (0.9 g, 4.85 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (0.196 g, 0.17 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.09 g, 0.34 mmol), and cooper (I) iodide (0.065 g, 0.34 mmol). The solution was stirred for 3 h at 80 °C and cooled to room temperature. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/diethyl ether 9:1, Rf 0.27) to a brown oil (0.7 g, 48%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.58-7.30 (m, 9H), 7.17 (d, 2H, J=8.0), 7.02 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 4.22 (t, 2H, J=7.3), 4.18 (q, 2H, J=7.0), 3.93 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.6), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.02 (s, IH), 2.99 (d, IH, J=2.4), 2.92 (t, 2H, J=7.3), 1.24 (t, 3H, J=7.3).
Step D
( 2S )-3 - (4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy but- 1 -ynyll -phenyl)- -2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-{4-[4-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-but-l- ynyl]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester via the standard hydrolysis procedure C. The residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate/acetic acid 50:50: 1, R 0.25) to produce a white solid (86 %). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.57-7.51 (m, 4H), 7.45-7.30 (m, 5H), 7.19 (d, 2H, J=8.0), 7.01 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 4.20 (t, 2H, J=6.9), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.7, 4.4), 3.37 (s, 3 H), 3.11 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 4.4), 3.00 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 7.7), 2.91 (t, 2H, J=7.0). Example 41
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3 - (4-[4- 4-phenoxy-phenoxy')-but- 1 -ynyl]-phenyl) -propionic acid
Figure imgf000117_0001
Step A
1 -But-3 -vnyloxy-4-phenyloxybenzene
Figure imgf000117_0002
This compound was prepared from 4-phenoxyphenoI and toluene-4-sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (Example 40, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step B. 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 77.35-7.26 ( , 2H), 7.05- 6.87 (m, 5H), 4.09 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 2.69 (dt, 2H, J=2.4, 7.0), 2.05 (t, IH, J=2.1).
Step B f2SV2-Methoxy-3- (4-[4-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-but-l -ynyl]-phenyl j -propionic acid The title compound was prepared from 1 -but-3 -ynyloxy-4-phenyloxybenzene and (2S)-2-methoxy-3 -(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 1, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step C. The ethyl ester derivative was contaminated with starting triflate. The mixture was hydrolyzed using the Standard Procedure C. The residue was purified by cliromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate-Acetic acid 50:50:1, Rf 0.25) to produce a white solid (7%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.35-7.28 (m, 4H), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.0), 7.02-6.87 (m, 7H), 4.13 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.7, 4.4), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 4.4), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 7.7), 2.87 (t, 2H, J=7.0).MS (ES) fro C26H24O5 [M+NHtf : 434.2, [M+Naf: 439.2. Example 42 f2S)-3-(4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy -but-l-ynyl1-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000118_0001
Step A
(4-But-3-ynyloxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone
Figure imgf000118_0002
This compound was prepared from 4-hydroxybenzophenone and toluene-4-sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (Example 40, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step B (8 %). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.84-7.73 (m, 4 H), 7.57-7.43 (m, 3H), 6.97 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.18 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 2.73 (dt, 2H, J=2.7, 7.0), 2.06 (t, IH, J=2.7).
Step B
(2S)-3-(4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxyVbut-l-ynyl]-phenyll-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000118_0003
This compound was prepared from (4-but-3-ynyloxy-phenyl)-ρhenylmethanone and (2S)-2-Methoxy-3 -(4-trifluoromethane-sulfonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 1, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 38, Step C (66 %). 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.85-7.73 (m, 4H), 7.57-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.34 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.3), 7.00 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.25 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 4.18 (q, 2H, J=7.0), 3.92 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.6), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.01 (s, IH), 2.98 (d, IH, J=3.5), 2.93 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 1.23 (t, 3H, J=7.3). Ste C
("2SV3- {4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-but- 1 -vnyl]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-but-l- ynyl]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester via the standard hydrolysis procedure C to produce a white solid. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.83-7.71 (m, 4H), 7.55-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, 2H, J=S.0), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 6.97 (d, 2H, j=9.1), 4.22 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 3.96 (dd, IH, J=7.7, 4.4), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=13.9, 4.4), 2.98 (dd, IH, J=13.9, 7.7), 2.91 (t, 2H, J=7.0).
Example 43
(2SV3-("4-l4-[4-(Hvdroxyimino-phenyl-methyl -phenoxy]-but-l-ynyl}-phenyl -2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000119_0001
Chiral
(2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-but-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid from Example 42, (1 eq) was mixed with Hydroxylamine chlorydrate (4 eq), pyrydine (10 eq) and Ethanol (2 ml) and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight. The ethanol was evaporated under vacuo and HCl 0.5% was added to the residue to pH = 3. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate and concentrated to give the title product as a mixture of two oximes. MS (ES) for C27H25N05 [M+H]+: 444.2
Example 44
T2S')-3- 4-{4-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-but-l-ynyll-phenyl')-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000119_0002
Chiral Step A
(4-But-3-vnyloxy-phenyl)-f4-fluoro-phenylVmemanone
Figure imgf000120_0001
This compound was prepared from 4-fluoro-hydroxybenzophenone and toluene-4- sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (Example 40, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step B.
Step B 2S)-3-(4-{4-[4-f4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-but-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (4-But-3-ynyloxy-phenyl)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- methanone and (2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)- propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 1, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step C. The ethyl ester derivative was contaminated with starting triflate. The mixture was hydrolyzed using the standard hydrolysis procedure C. The residue was purified by chromatography. MS(ES) for C27H23FO [M+H]+: •447.2.
Example 45 r2SV3-r4-(4-[3-r4-Fluoro-phenylVbenzofuran-6-yloxyl-but-l-vnyl -phenylV2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000120_0002
Chiral
Step A
6-But-3 -ynyloxy-3 -(4-fluoro-phenylVbenzofuran
Figure imgf000121_0001
This compound was prepared from 6-hydroxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)benzofurane and toluene-4-sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (Example 40, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step B.
Step B r2SV3-(,4-(4-[3-r4-Fluoro-phenvπ-benzofuran-6-yloxy]-but-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from 6-But-3-ynyloxy-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- benzofuran and (2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)- propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 1, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step C. The ethyl ester derivative was contaminated with starting triflate. The mixture was hydrolyzed using the Standard Procedure C. The residue was purified by chromatography. MS(ES) for C28H23F05 [M-H]": 457.2
Example 46
("2S)-2-Methoxy-3-r4-l4-[4-f4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxyVphenoxy]-but-l-vnyl>- phenyD-propionic acid
Figure imgf000121_0002
Step A
4-(3-butynyloxy>4 ' -trifluoromethylphenyloxy phenyl
Figure imgf000122_0001
This compound was prepared from trifluoromethylphenoxyphenol and toluene-4- sulfonic acid but-3-ynyl ester (Example 40, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step B.
Ste B
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-(4-[4- 4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-but-l-ynyl}- phenyD-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from 4-(3-butynyloxy)-4'- trifluoromethylphenyloxy phenyl and (2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4- trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 1, Step A) following the procedure described in Example 40, Step C. The ethyl ester derivative was contaminated with starting triflate, The mixture was hydrolyzed using the Standard Procedure C. The residue was purified by chromatography. MS(ES) for C27H23F305 [M-H]-: 483.2
Example 47
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[4-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxyVbut-l-vnyl]- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000122_0002
Step A
3- 4-C4-Hydroxy-but-l-ynyl')-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000123_0001
This compound was prepared form 4-butyn-l-ol following the procedure described in Example 1, Step B.
Step B f2SV2-Methoxy-3- 4-[4-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-but-l-ynyl1- phenyll-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from 7-hydroxyflavone by the Standard coupling- hydrolisis Procedure A but using for the Mitsounobu reaction toluene as solvent and
DIAD instead DEAD. MS(ES) for C29H2406 [M+Hf : 429.2.
Example 48
(2S -2-Methoxy-3-(4-[4-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxyVbut-l-vnyl]- phenyll -propionic acid
Figure imgf000123_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-but-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 47, Step A and 6-hydroxyflavone following the standard coupling-hydrolysis procedure A using toluene as solvent and DIAD instead DEAD. MS(ES) for C29H2406 [M+H]+: 469.2.
Example 49
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3- (4-[6-f4-phenoxy-phenoxyVhex-l -ynyl]-phenyl} -propionic acid Chiral
Figure imgf000124_0001
Step A
(2S -3-[4-r6-Hydroxy-hex-l-ynylVphenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000124_0002
To a solution of (2S)-(3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (1.6 g, 4.81 mmol) in 100 mL of degassed piperidine was added 5-hexin-l-ol (0.709 g, 7.24 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (0.278 g, 0.24 mmol), triphenylphosphine (0.125 g, 0.48 mmol), and cooper (I) iodide (0.091 g, 0.48 mmol). The solution was stirred for 3 hours at 80°C and cooled to room temperature. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 3: 1 to give title compound as a yellow oil (1.18g, 74% yield). MS(ES) for Cι8H240 [M+NH4]+: 322.2. •
Step B
C2S -2-Methoxy-3- {4-[6-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-hex- 1 -vnyl]-phenyl} -propionic acid The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(6-Hydroxy-hex-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and 4-phenoxyphenol via the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce the title compound. MS(ES) for C28H2805[M+Hf : 445.2
Example 50 f2SV3-(4-[6-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-hex-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000125_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(6-Hydroxy-hex-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 49, Step A) and 4- hydroxybenzophenone via the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce the title compound. MS(ES) for
Figure imgf000125_0002
Example 51 f2S>3- (4-[6-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-hex-l -ynyl] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000125_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(6-Hydroxy-hex-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 49, Step A) and 4-phenylphenol via the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolysis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce the title compound. MS(ES) for C28H2S0 [M+NH ]+: 446.2.
Example 52 f2S)-3- (4-[5-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-pentanoyl]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000125_0004
A solution of triphenylphosphine (0.24 g, 0.915 mmol) in 5 mL of dry THF was treated at 0 °C with diethylazodicarboxylate (0.159 g, 0.915 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of (2S)-3-[4-(5-hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 21, Step A) (0.18 g, 0.61 mmol) and 4-phenylphenol (0.156 g, 0.915 mmol) in 2 mL of dry THF was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with RfS 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated. The mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 75 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55 °C for 3 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgS0 ), and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 6 mL of methanol and 2 mL of IN NaOH and stirred for 2 hours. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum, and the aqueous solution was diluted with brine (6 mL) and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with IN HCl (pH 1-2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated to a white solid (19 %). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.89 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 7.55-7.23 (m, 9H), 6.93 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 4.06-3.99 (m, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.18 (dd, IH, J=4.3, 4.4), 3.03 (t+m, 3 H, J=6.9), 1.96-1.86 (m, 4H).
Example 53 (2SV3- {4-[5-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy')-pentanoyl1-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000126_0001
Chiral
A solution of triphenylphosphine (0.915 mmol) in 5 mL of dry THF was treated at 0°C with diethylazodicarboxylate (0.915 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of (2S)-3-[4-(5-hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 21, Step A) (0.61 mmol) and 4-benzoylphenol (0.915 mmol) in 2 mL of dry THF was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with RS 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated. The mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 75 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgS04), and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 6 mL of methanol and 2 mL of IN NaOH and stirred for 2 hours. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum, and the aqueous solution was diluted with brine (6 mL) and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with IN HCl (pH 1-2) arid extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL) then concentrated to give the title compound. -NMR (CDCl3j 200.15 MHz): 7.91-7.72 (m, 5H), 7.56-7.32 (m, 6H), 6.92 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 4.12-4.03 (m, 3H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.19-3.05 (m, 4H), 1.95-1.92 (m, 4H).
Example 54 r2SV2-Methoxy-3-(4-[5-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy -pentanoyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000127_0001
Chiral
A solution of triphenylphosphine (0.915 mmol) in 5 mL of dry THF was treated at 0°C with diethylazodicarboxylate (0.915 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of (2S)-3-[4-(5-hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 21, Step A) (0.61 mmol) and 4-phenoxyphenol (0.915 mmol) in 2 mL of dry THF was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with R S 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated. The mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 75 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgS04), and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 6 mL of methanol and 2 mL of IN NaOH and stirred for 2 hours. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum, and the aqueous solution was diluted with brine (6 mL) and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with IN HCl (pH 1-2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL) then concentrated to give the title compound. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.91 (d, 2H, J=8.3), 7.36-7.27 (m, 4H), 7.07-6.83 (m, 7H), 4.08-3.96 (m, 3H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.22 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 4.3), 3.14-3.01 (m, 4H), 1.26 (s, IH).
Example 55 3-(4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-butyryl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000128_0001
Step A f2S)-3-{4-[4-r4-Benzoyl-ρhenoxyVbutyryl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000128_0002
(2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-but-l-ynyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 42, Step B) (0.08 g, 0.17 mmol) was dissolved in 4 mL of methanol. To this solution was added 3 mL of a solution of 0.075 g of mercury (II) oxide in 12 mL of 4% sulfuric acid. The mixture was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 20 mL saturated NaHC03 solution. The mixture was extracted with of dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 ), and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 3:1) to give a yellow oil (72 %). -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.92 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 7.83-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.60-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.34 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.95 (d, 2 H, J=8.9), 4.19 (q, 2H, J=7.3), 4.15 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 3.97 (dd, 1H, J=7.3, 5.4), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.19 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 3.08 (d, IH, J=5.1), 3.07 (d, IH, J=7.5), 2.27 (qn, 2H, J=6.2), 1.24 (t, 3H, J=7.3).
Step B 3-(4-[4-C4-Benzoyl-phenoxy -butyryl]-phenyll-2-metlιoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-butyryl]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester via the standard hydrolysis procedure C. White solid (71%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.90 (d, 2H, J=8.0), 7.80- 7.70 (m, 4H), 7.58-7.39 (m, 3H), 7.32 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 6.92 (d, 3H, J=9.1), 4.13 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 4.02 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.4), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.25 (qn, 2H, J=6.2).
Example 56 r2SV2-Methoxy-3-{4-[4-f4-phenoxy-phenoxyVbutyryl]-pheny -propionic acid
Figure imgf000129_0001
Step A
2$r)-3-{4-[4-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-butyryl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000129_0002
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[4-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-but-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.17 mmol) from Example 41, was dissolved in 4 ml of methanol. To this solution was added 3 ml of a solution of 0.075 g of mercury (II) oxide in 12 mL of 4% sulfuric acid. The mixture was stirred at 55°C for 3 hour, cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 20 mL saturated NaHC03 solution. The mixture was extracted with of dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 ), and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 3:1) to give a yellow oil.
Step B f2SV2-Methoxy-3-(4- 4-r4-phenoxy-phenoxyVbutyryl]-phenyll-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-butyryTJ- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester via the standard hydrolysis procedure C. MS (ES) for C26H2606 [M+H]+: 435.2.
Example 57 2SV3-[4-fBiphenyl-4-yloxyVbutyryl-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000130_0001
Step A 2S)-3-f4-[4-(4-phenylphenoxyVbutyryl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000130_0002
(2S)-3-{4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-but-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.17 mmol) from Example 40, Step C, was dissolved in 4 ml of methanol. To this solution was added 3 ml of a solution of 0.075 g of mercury (II) oxide in 12 mL of 4% sulfuric acid. The mixture was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, and diluted with 20 mL saturated NaHC03 solution. The mixture was extracted with of dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 ), and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 3 : 1) to give a yellow oil
Ste B f2SV3-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxyVbutyryl-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-phenylphenoxy)-butyryl]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester via the standard hydrolysis procedure C. MS (ES) for C26H2605 [M+Hf : 419.2.
Example 58 (2S)-3-{4-[6-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-hexanoyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000131_0001
A solution of triphenylphosphine (0.474 g, 1.8 mmol) in 50 mL of dry THF was treated at 0°C with diethylazodicarboxylate (1.8 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of 3-[4-(6-Hydroxy-hex-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 49, Step A) (0.365 g, 1.2 mmol) and 4-phenylphenol (0.307g, 1.8 mmol) in 10 mL of dry THF was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with RfS 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated. The mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 0-712 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 12 ml of4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgS0 ), and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 6 mL of methanol and 2 mL of IN NaOH and stirred for 2 hours. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum, and the aqueous solution was diluted with brine (6 mL) and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with IN HCl (pH 1-2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C28H30O5[M+H]+: 447.2.
Example 59 (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-l4-r6-r4-phenoxy-phenoxyVhexanoyl]-phenyl>-propionic acid
Figure imgf000132_0001
A solution of triphenylphosphine (1.8 mmol) in 50 mL of dry THF was treated at 0°C with diethylazodicarboxylate (1.8 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of 3-[4-(6-Hydroxy-hex-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 49, Step A) (1.2 mmol) and 4-phenoxyphenol (1.8 mmol) in 10 mL of dry THF was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concenfrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with RfS 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) coπesponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated. The mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 0.712 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 12 ml of 4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgS0 ), and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 6 mL of methanol and 2 mL of IN NaOH and stirred for 2 hours. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum, and the aqueous solution was diluted with brine (6 mL) and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with IN HCl (pH 1-2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C28H3o06[M+H]+: 463.2.
Example 60
(2SV3- l4-[6-f4-Benzoyl-phenoχy)-hexanoyl]-phenyl) -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000133_0001
A solution of triphenylphosphine (1.8 mmol) in 50 mL of dry THF was treated at 0 °C with diethylazodicarboxylate (1.8 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of 3- [4-(6-Hydroxy-hex- 1 -ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 49, Step A) (1.2 mmol) and 4-phydroxybenzophenone (1.8 mmol) in 10 mL of dry THF was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 10:1 to 3:1). Fractions with RfS 0.48 and 0.45 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were combined and concentrated. The mixture was dissolved in 5 mL of methanol and was treated with a mixture of 0.712 mg of mercury (II) oxide and 12 ml of 4% sulfuric acid in water. The solution was stirred at 55°C for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (20 mL), and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgS0 ), and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 6 mL of methanol and 2 mL of IN NaOH and stirred for 2 hours. The methanol was evaporated under vacuum, and the aqueous solution was diluted with brine (6 mL) and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with IN HCl (pH 1-2) and exfracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C29H30O6[M+H]+: 475.2. Example 61 2S)-3-{4-[5- Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-l-hvdroxyimino-pentyll-ρhenvU-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000134_0001
(2S)-3-{4-[5-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-pentanoyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid from Example 52, (1 eq) was mixed with Hydroxylamine chlorydrate (4 eq), pyrydine (10 eq) and Ethanol (2 ml) and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight. The ethanol was evaporated under vacuo and HCl 0.5% was added to the residue to pH = 3. Extracted with Ethyl Acetate and concentrated to give the title product as a mixture of two oximes. MS(ES) for C27H29NO5 [M+H]+: 448.2.2, [M-H]": 446.2.
Example 62
(IS. 1 'R*. 2' ,*V3-f4-{2,-[4-('4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-cvclopentyloxyl - phenylV2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000134_0002
Step A c^-2-ftert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxyVcyclopentanol
Figure imgf000134_0003
The title compound was prepared from meso-l,2-cyclopentanediol via the Standard Procedure D for the monoprotection of diols. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (hexanes/ethyl 3:1, Rf 0.55) (50 %). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 4.04 (dt, 1H, J=4.6, 6.2), 3.95-3.89 (m, IH), 2.59 (d, 1H, J=3.8), 1.88- 1.49 (m, 6H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.09 (s, 6H).
Step B
(2S, VR. 2'R) 3-[4-(,2'-Hvdroxy-cyclopentyloxy')-ρhenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000135_0001
A solution of triphenylphosphine (0.634 g, 2.23 mmol) in 15 mL of dry THF was treated at 0°C with diethylazodicarboxylate (0.368 mL, 0.2.45 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of (2S)-2-metlιoxy-3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid ethyl (0.5 g, 2.23 mmol) and czs-2-(tert-butyl-dimemyl-silanyloxy)cyclopentanol (0.531 g, 0.245 mmol) in 5 mL of dry THF was added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 6:1). Fraction withRfS 0.55 (hexanes/ethyl acetate 3:1) corresponding to the coupled compound and starting phenol, respectively, were collected and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 4 L of THF, and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (2.23 mL, 1 M in THF) was added. The solution was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature, diluted with 30 mL of diethyl ether, and washed with IN HCl (2 x 20 mL). The organic solution was dried (MgSO ) and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 3:1, R 0.9) to the product (60 %). -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.11 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.80 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 4.43-4.40 (m, IH), 4.23-4.12 (m, 4H); 3.90 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 5.9); 3.35 (s, 3H); 2.95 (d, 2H, J=6.7), 2.16-1.60 (m, 6H), 1.22 (t, 3H, J=7.0), 0.88 (s, 9H), 0.05 (d, 3H, J=2.2). Ste C
(2S. VR* TS*) 3-r4-(2,-r4-r4-Fluoro-benzovD-phenoxy1-cvclopentyloxy)-phenyl')- 2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2S, VR, 2'i?)-3-[4-(2'-hydroxy- cyclopentyloxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and 4-fluoro-4- hydroxybenzophenone via the Standard Procedure A. ^-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.82-7.67 (m, 4H), 7.18-7.06 (m, 4H), 6.93 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.76 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.88-4.74 (m, 2H), 3.97-3.94 (m, IH), 3.39 (s, 3H); 3.09-2.89 (m, 2H); 2.23- 1.98 (m, 6H). MS (ES) for C28H27FO6 [M+H]+: 479.2, [M+Naf: 501.2.
Example 63 r2S ri,R.3'R)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-[l,.3,-dimethyl-3-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl1- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000136_0001
Step A r2.S'.4θf)-4- tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxyVpentan-2-ol
Figure imgf000136_0002
The title compound was prepared starting from (21S,4jS)-pentanediol using the Standard Procedure D. MS (ES) for CnH26O2Si [M+H]+: 219.2.
Step B f2SVrrR.3,SV3-{4-r3,-rtβ7't-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxyVr-methyl-butoxy1- phenyll-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000137_0001
The title compound was prepared using the Standard Procedure for the Mitsounobu coupling B to give the product.
Step C
C2S Y-f 1 'R.3 'S)-3- -(3 '-Hvdroxy- 1 '-methyl-butoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000137_0002
The title compound was prepared folowing the Standard Procedure E to give the product. MS (ES) for C17H26O5 [M+H]+: 328.2.
Step D r2SVfrR.2,RV2-Methoxy-3-f4-rr-methyl-3'-('4-phenoxy-phenoxyVbutoxyl- phenyl} -propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000137_0003
The title compound was prepared following the Standard Mitsounobu coupling procedure B to give the corresponding product. MS (ES) for C29H34O6 [M+NEUf : 496.2. Ste E Sl-α'RJ'Rl^-Methoxy-S- -rr.S'-dimethyl-S-^-phenoxy-phenoxyVpropoxyll- phenyl} -propionic acid
The title compound was prepared by the Standard hydrolysis procedure C of the compound from Step D to give the final compound as a gummy solid. -NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.32-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.10-6.75 (m, 11H), 4.70-4.50 (m, 2H), 3.95 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.06 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.6), 2.92 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.5), 1.96 (dd, 2H, J=6.7, 5.4), 1.31 (d, 6H, J=6.2).ppm. MS(ES) for C27H30O6 [M+NH4]+ : 468.2, [M-H]": 449.2.
Example 64
(2SV(1 'R.3 'ie)-3-l4-f3-f4-Benzoylphenoxy)-r.3 '-dimethylpropoxyl]-phenyl)2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000138_0001
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 63, starting from the (2S,45)-pentanediol to give the final compound. -NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 9.24 (s, IH), 7.75 (t, IH, J=1.6), 7.70 (t, IH, J=1.9), 7.69 (dd, 2H, J=12.6, 2.2), 7.59-7.40 (m, 3H), 7.04 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.85 (d, 2H, J=9.1), 6.69 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 4.87-4.72 (m, IH), 4.62-4.47 (m, IH), 3.94 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 5.6), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.05- 2.86 (m, 2H), 1.99 (dd, 2H, J=6.7, 5.4), 1.36 (d, 3H, J=6.2), 1.30 (d, 3H, J=6.2).
Example 65
('2SVα, ,.3,ιS -2-Methoxy-3-(4-ri\3,-dimethyl-3-('4-ρhenoxy-phenoxyVρropoxyl]- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000139_0001
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 63, starting from the (2i?,4R)-pentanediol to give the final compound. -NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.33-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.12-6.76 (m, 11H), 4.71-4.49 (m, 2H), 3.95 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.6), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.05 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.6), 2.93 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.5), 1.96 (dd, 2H, J=7.0, 5.7), 1.31 (d, 6H, J=6.2). MS(ES) for C27H30O6
Figure imgf000139_0002
468.2, [M-H]": 449.2.
Example 66
(2S 1 'S3 'S)-3- {4-[3-f4-BenzoylphenoxyV 1 ' .3 '-dimethylpropoxyll-phenyl) 2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000139_0003
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 63, starting from the (2R,4R)-pentanediol to give the final compound. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.76-7.41 (m, 7H), 7.02 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.67 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.78 (dd, IH, J=12.1, 6.2), 4.63-4.47 (m, IH), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=6.2, 4.8), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.08-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.00 (dd, 2H, J=5.6, 12.4), 1.33 (dd, 6H, J=11.6, 6.2). MS(ES) for C28H30O6 [M+H]+: 463.2, [M-H]": 461.3.
Example 67 f 2SU 1 'R.2 'RV2-Methoxy-3 - 14-[1 ' .2' -dimethyl-f 4-ρhenoxy-phenoxyV ethoxyll- phenyll -propionic acid C iral
Figure imgf000140_0001
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that 63, starting from the (25,35)-butane-2,3-diol to give the final compound. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.94 (m, IH), 7.34-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.17-6.83 (m, 10H), 4.59-4.38 (m, 2H), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.6), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.08 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.3), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.5), 1.36 (d, 6H, J=6.2). MS(ES) for C26H28O6 [M+NIL;f : 454.2, [M-H]": 435.2.
Example 68 r2S)-π'R.2,R -3-l4-[l-r4-Benzoylphenoxy -r.2'-dimethyl-ethoxyll-phenyl)-2- methoxypropionic acid
Figure imgf000140_0002
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 63, starting from the (26,,3,S)-butane-2,3-diol to give the final compound. -NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.77 (t, 3H, J=8.9), 7.74 (s, IH), 7.60-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.96 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 4.72-4.60 (m, IH), 4.59-4.47 (m, IH), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.6), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.08 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.6), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.3), 1.42 (d, 3H, J=6.2), 1.37 (d, 3H, J=6.2). MS(ES) for C27H2806 [M+H]+: 449.2, [M-H]": 447.2.
Example 69
(2SV(T 'S^'SVΣ-Methoxy-S- (4-rr-methyl-4,-f4-phenoxy-phenoxyVpentyloxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000141_0001
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 63, starting from the (2R,5i?)-hexane-2,5-diol to give the final compound. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.3-7.2 (m, 2H), 7.14 (d, 2H, J= 8.6), 7.1-6.8 (m, 9H), 4.4-4.3 (m, 2H), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.6, 4.4), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.08 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.4), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.4, 7.6), 2.0-1.7 (m, 4H), 1.31 (d, 6H, J=6.2) ppm.
Example 70
(2SW1 ' S.4' SY-3- (4-r4-f4-Benzoyl-phenoxyV 1 -methyl-pentyloxy]-phenvU -2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000141_0002
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 63, starting from the (2R,5R)-hexane-2,5-diol to give the final compound. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.8-7.7 (m, 4H), 7.6-7.5 (m, 3H), 7.13 (d, 2H, J= 8.6), 6.90 (dd, 2H, J=7.0, 2.0), 6.79 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.51 (c, IH, J=6.0), 4.35 (c, IH, J= 6.0), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.2, 4.8), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.08 (dd, IH, J=14.4, 4.8), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.4, 7.2), 2.0-1.7 (m, 4H), 1.35 (d, 3H, J=6.0), 1.30 (d, 3H, J=6.0) ppm.
Example 71 r2SVrrR.4'RV2-Methoxy-3-f4-ri,-methyl-4,-r4-phenoxy-phenoxyVpenxyloxy]- pheny -propionic acid
Figure imgf000142_0001
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 63, starting from the (2S,5«S)-hexane-2,5-diol to give the final compound. -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.3-7.2 (m, 2H), 7.14 (d, 2H, J= 8.4), 7.1-6.7 (m, 9H), 4.4-4.2 (m, 2H), 3.96 (dd, IH, J=7.4, 4.4), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.07 (dd, IH, J=14.4, 4.4), 2.93 (dd, IH, J=14.4, 7.4), 2.0-1.6 (ra, 4H), 1.30 (d, 6H, J=6.0) ppm.
Example 72 f2SVri?R.4'RV3-f4-[4-f4-Benzoyl-phenoxyVl-methyl-pentyloxyl-phenvn-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000142_0002
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 63, starting from the (25',55)-hexane-2,5-diol to give the final compound. 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.8-7.5 (m, 3H), 7.5-7.4 (m, 3H), 7.06 (d, 2H, J= 5.6), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=6.0), 6.71 (d, 2H, J=5.8), 4.44 (c, IH, J=3.6), 4.28 (c, IH, J= 3.6), 3.88 (dd, IH, J=9.6, 2.8), 3.29 (s, 3H), 2.98 (dd, IH, J=9.6, 2.8), 2.86 (dd, IH, J=9.6, 5.0), 1.9-1.6 (m, 4H), 1.27 (d, 3H, J=4.0), 1.21 (d, 3H, J=4.0) ppm.
Example 73 r2SVrr^.2,^-2-Methoχy-3-I4-ri,.2,-dimethyl-('4-phenoχy-phenoxy)-ethoχyl1- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000143_0001
Step A f2R,3S)-3-f4-Phenoxy-phenoxy)-butan-2-ol
Figure imgf000143_0002
A solution of (2R,3R)-butane-2,3-diol was monoprotected with tert- butyldimethylsilyl chloride using the Standard Procedure D, after purification by chromatography, the compound was coupling with 4-phenoxyphenol using Standard Procedure B (in THF) and deprotected with tetrabutylamonium fluoride as Standard Procedure E to give the title compound as an oil. MS (ES) for Cι6H1803 [M+NH f : 276.2.
Ste B
(lR,2SVToluene-4-sulfonic acid l-methyl-2-f4-phenoxy-phenoxyVpropyl ester
Figure imgf000143_0003
To a solution of compound from Step A (1 eq) in neat pyridine, p-Toluenesulfonic chloride (1.5 eq) was added and the mixture reaction was stirred at room temperature over two days. The reaction was quenched with HCl IN and extracted with ethyl acetate and washing the organic layers with brine (3 times). The organic layers were dry and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was purified by silicagel chromatography to give the title product. MS (ES) for C23H2 0sS
Figure imgf000143_0004
Step C
(2S -ri'S,2,S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-ri,.2'-dimethyl-r4-phenoxy-phenoxyVethoxyn- phenyl} -propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000144_0001
A solution of (lR,2S)-Toluene-4-sulfonic acid l-methyl-2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- propyl ester from above Step (1 eq), potassium carbonate (3 eq) and 2S) 3-(4- Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (1 eq) in acetonitrile was refluxed overnight. The solution was evaporated to dryness and chromatographied to get the title compound. MS (ES) for C27H30O7 [M+ NH4]+: 482.4.
Step D f 2S )-(! ' S.2 ' SV2-Methoxy-3 -{ 4-1" 1 ' .2' -dimethvH4-phenoxy-phenoχyyethoxyl1- phenyl} -propionic acid
The title compound was prepared using the Standard hydrolysis Procedure C to give the final product as an oil. 1H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.34-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.16-
6.83 (m, 10H), 4.58-4.41 (m, 2H), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.14-2.89
(m, 2H), 1.35 (d, 6H, J=6.2). MS(ES) for C26H2806 [M+NHJ+: 454.3, [M-H].:
435.1.
Example 74 2S)-2-Methoxy-l4-[2-methylen-3- 4-phenoxy-phenoxy')-propoxyl]-phenyl} - propionic acid
Figure imgf000144_0002
Ste A 2-(4-Phenoxy-phenoxymethyl -prop-2-en- 1 -ol
Figure imgf000145_0001
A solution of triphenylphosphine (1 eq) in toluene at 0° C was treated with diethylazodicarboxylate (1 eq) and stirred for 20 min. Then a solution of 4- pehoxyphenol and 2-Methylene-propane- 1,3 -diol in toluene was added to the solution and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight. Concentrated to dryness and chromatographied to give the title compound.
Step B
(2S)-2-Methoxy-{4-[2-methylen-3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000145_0002
The title compound was prepared using Standard Mitsounobu coupling conditions B.
Step C 2S)-2-Methoxy-{4-[2-methylen-3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid The title compound was prepared by using the Standard Procedure for hydrolysis C to give the final product as an oil. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 8.09 (s, IH), 7.34-6.86 (m, 13H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 4.62 (s, 4H), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.6), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.6), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.5). Example 75 r2S)-2-Methoxy-(4-[2-oxo-3-f4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl1-pheny -ρropionic acid
Chiral
Figure imgf000146_0001
A solution of (2S)-2-Methoxy- {4-[2-methylen-3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl]- phenyl} -propionic acid from Example 74, in dichloromethane at -78°C was treated with ozone untill the solution turned blue. Washed with brine, dry and concentrated to dryness to give the title compound. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.35-6.83 (m, 13H), 4.86 (d, 4H, J=3.0), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.3). MS(ES) for C25H2407 [M+NKUf : 454.2, [M-H]": 435.2.
Example 76
(2SV2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxymethylVbenzyloxy]-phenyl}- propionic aci
Figure imgf000146_0002
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 74, starting from (3-Hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-methano3 to give the final compound. !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.50 (s, IH), 7.40 (s, 2H), 7.28 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 7.17 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 7.1-6.9 (m, 10H), 5.06 (s, 4H), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=7.2, 4.4), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.4, 4.6), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.4) ppm.
Example 77 r2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-f4-phenoxy-phenoxymethylVbenzyloxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000147_0001
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous that Example 63, starting from (2-Hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-methanol to give the final compound. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.5-7.4 (m, 2H), 7.4-7.3 (m, 2H), 7.28 (d, 2H, J=8.0), 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 7.1-6.9 (m, 9H), 5.14 (s, 4H), 3.95 (dd, IH, J=7.4, 4.6), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.07 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.4), 2.94 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.6) ppm.
Example 78 f2S)-2-Methoxy-3 - {4-P3 -f4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000147_0002
Chiral
Step A
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-phenoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000147_0003
An ovendried resealable Schlenk tube was fitted with a rubber septum and was cooled to room temperature under N2 purge. The tube was charge with Pd(OAc)2(2.0 moP/o), 2-(ditert-butylphosphino)biphenyl (0.03 eq), potassiumm phosphate (2 eq), 1,3-dibromobenzene (1 eq) and (2S) 3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (1,2 eq). The tube was capped with the septum and purged with N2, and then toluene was added through the septum. The tube was sealed with a teflon screwcap, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 100°C for 16 hours. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by chromatography to afford the title compound.
Ste B 2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-f"3-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000148_0001
The title compound was porcepared using the same coupling procedure described above for Step A with 4-phenoxyphenol and (2S)-3~[4-(3-Bromo-phenoxy)-phenyϊ]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester.
Step C
( 2S)-2-Methoxy-3 - { 4-[3 -(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-phenyl } -propionic acid The title compound was prepared from Step B by using Standar Procedure for the hydrolysis C. MS (ES) for C28H2406 [M+Naf: 479.
Example 79
(2S 3-[3'- 3-Benzoyl-phenoxymethyl')-biplιenyl-4-yl]-2-metfaoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000148_0002
Step A
(2S -3-r3'-Hydroxymethyl-biphenyl-4-ylV2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000149_0001
A solution of (2S) 2-Methoxy-3-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 1, Step A)(150 mg, 0.42 mmol), 3-formylphenyl boronic acid (126 mg, 0.842 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium (0) (15 mg, .0.013 mmol) in 11 ml of a mixture 20:1 toluene/ethanol together with 2 ml of a 2N Na2CO3 was heated to 120°C for 6 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and dilute with EtOAc (20 ml). It was washed with H2O (3x5ml) and sodium tartrate (3x5 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO ), filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The resultant crude was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate
3:1). Fractions corresponding to the desired compound (Rf: 0.27) were collected and concentrate to dryness. The product was dissolved in MeOH cooled at 0°C and sodium borohydride (3 eq) was added. The solution was stirred for 1 h. and then diluted with Ethyl-acetate (20 ml). It was washed with H2O (3x5ml) and NaHCO3(3x5 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO ), filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The resultant crude was purified by column (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1). Obtained a colorless oil (60 mg, 45%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.55-7.23 (m, 8H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 4.18 (q, 2H, J= 7.0), 3.93 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.6), 3.35 (s, 3H) 3.05 (s, IH), 3,02 (s, IH), 1,25 (t, 3H, J=7.25)
Ste B
(2S)-3-[3'-r3-Benzoyl-phenoxymethyl -biphenyl-4-yl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S) 3-(3'-Hydroxymethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step A) and 4-Hidroxybenzophenone via the standard Mitsunobu coupling-hydrolisis procedure (Standard Procedure A) to produce a white oily solid. !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.83-7.33 (m, 15H), 7.03 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 5.17 (s, 2H), 4.07 (dd, IH, J=6.9, 3.7), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.16 (dd, IH, J=14.1, 3.6), 3.06 (dd, IH, J=14.1, 7.0).
Example 80 2S)-3-[4'- 4-Benzoyl-phenoxymethyl -biphenyl-4-yl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000150_0001
Step A 2S")-3- 4'-Hvdroxymethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000150_0002
A mixture of (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-trifluoromethanesul fonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 1, Step A (1 eq), tefrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladiιvm(O) (0.03 eq), sodium carbonate (1.5 eq) and 4- hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid (2 eq) in Toluene/Ethanol (20:1) was refluxed till the reaction is completed by TLC. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, extracted and washed with water, NaHCO3, sodium tartrate and brine. The organic layer was concentrated to dryness and chromatographied to afford the title compound.
Ste B 2S -3-[4'- 4-Benzoyl-phenoxymethyl -biphenyl-4-yl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (2S)-3-(4'-Hydroxymethyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Step A, was treated with 4-hydroxybenzophenone under the standard Mitsounobu coupling procedure B (THF). The product obtained after chromatography was hydrolyzed using the Standard Procedure C to get the title compound. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.86-7.73 (m, 4H), 7.63-7.43 (m, 9H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.05 (d, 2H, J=9.1), 5.18 (s, 2H), 4.06 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.0), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.20 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.0), 3.06 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.3). MS (ES) for C3oH26θ5 [M+H]+ : 467.2,
Figure imgf000151_0001
Example 81 r2SVfl'R* 3,i?* -14-[3'-fBiphenyl-4-yloxyVl,-cvclopentyloxy]-phenvn-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000151_0002
Step A
(lRS.3RS)-3-(ter t-Butyl-dimethvl-silanvloxv)-cvclopentanol
Figure imgf000151_0003
To a solution of rac-l,3-pentanediol (0.46 g, 4.5 mmol) in 23 mL of THF at 0°C was added sodium hydride (0.18 g, 4.5 mmol, 60% oil dispersion). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. -Tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (0.678 g, 4.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture compounds were concentrated and purified by silica gel cliromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 3:1) to give 0.682 g, of the title compound trans and 0.157 g (6%) of the other cis isomer (li?*,3,S*)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)- cyclopentanol. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 4.48-4.36 (m, 2H), 2.19-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.79 (m, 2H), 1-58-1.46 (m, 2H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.04 (s, 6H).
Step B iR*,3Sl*)-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy -cyclopentyloxy]-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silane
Figure imgf000152_0001
A solution of triphenylphosphine (0.195 g, 0.742 mmol) in 5 mL of dry THF was treated at 0° C with diethylazodicarboxylate (0.117 mL, 0.742 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of (1R*, 3R*)-3-(tert-butyldimetlιylsilanyloxy)cyclopentanol (0.146 g, 0.675 mmol) and 4-phenyl phenol (0.126 g, 0.0.724 mmol) in 5 mL of dry THF was added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was concenfrated under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 6: 1 , Rf 0.66). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.58-7.29 (m, 7H); 6.93 (d, 2H, J=8.92), 4.76-4.65 (m, IH), 4.32- 4.21 (m, IH), 2.38 (qn, IH, J=7.0), 2.04-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.78 (m, 3H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.07 (s, 3H), 0.06 (s, 3H).
Step C flR*,3,S*)-3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclopentanol
Figure imgf000152_0002
(li?*,3iS'*)-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclopentyloxy]-tert-butyldimethylsilane (0.25 g,
0.67 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of THF and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (0.67 mL, IM in THF) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solution was diluted with 15 mL of diethyl ether and washed with IN HCl (2 x 15 mL). The organic layer was dried (MgSO ) and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 3:1, Rf 0.09) to give the product (100 %). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.58-7.26 (m, 7H), 6.95 (d, 2H,
J=8.9), 4.92-4.84 (m, IH), 4.40-4.38 (m, IH), 2.18-1.92 (m, 7H). Ste D r2S)-π ,i?*.2, ?*")3-(4-r3-('Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclopentyloxyl-phenvn-2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (li?*,35r*) 3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)- cyclopentanol and (2S)-2-methoxy-3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid ethyl ester via the Standard Procedure A. Oily solid. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.57-7.29 (m, 7H), 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.99-4.91 (m, 2H), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.6), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.3), 2.31 (t, 2H, J=4.8), 2.26-1.97 (m, 4H).
Example 82
(2S)-α,i-;|!.3, * -l4-[3,-(Biphenyl-4-yloxyVr-cyclopentyloxy]-phenyll-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000153_0001
Step A
( 1 R* .3 S*)-3 -ftert-Bu -dimemyl-silanyloxyV cyclopentanol
Figure imgf000153_0002
The title compound was isolated from Example 81, Step A in a 6 % yield.
Step B r2SV(l'Ril:.3,5'* -(4-r3,-('Biρhenyl-4-yloxyVl,-cvclopentyloxy]-phenyn-2- methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared starting from compound from Step A and following the same procedure as in Example 81, to give the final product. MS (ES) for C27H28O5 [M+NKUf : 450.2, [M+Naf: 455.23. Example 83 f 2SVf VR* .3 'R* V2-Methoxy-3 - ( 4-13 '-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- 1 ' -cvclopentyloxyl- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000154_0001
Chiral Step A. r2SVriR*3,S'*V3-(4-r3'-(te^Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy -r-cyclopentyloxyl- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000154_0002
A solution of triphenylphosphine (0.634 g, 2.23 mmol) in 15 mL of dry THF was treated at 0° C with diethylazodicarboxylate (0.2.45 mmol) and stirred for 20 min. A solution of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid ethyl (2.23 mmol) and li?*,3i?*-tert-butyldimetlιylsylnalyloxy-cyclopentanol (0.245 mmol) in 5 mL of dry THF was added to the solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography.
Step B 2S)-fli?*,3ιS'!i; -3- 4-C3'-Hydroxy- -cvclopentyloxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000154_0003
The title compound was prepared folowing the Standard Procedure E to give the product.
Step C r2S)-rri-:|:.3,J?*)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-r3,-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-l ,-cvclopentyloxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid
(2S)-(lR*,3,S'*)-3-[4-(3,-Hydroxy-r-cyclopentyloxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Step A, was treated with 4-phenoxyphenol under the standard Mitsounobu couplmg procedure B (THF). The product obtained after chromatography was hydrolyzed using the standard hydrolysis procedure C to get the title compound. ]H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.34-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.04 (m, 3H), 7.00-6.92 (m, 4H), 6.88-6.78 (m, 4H), 4.94-4.89 (m, 2H), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.3), 2.28 (t, 2H, J=4.8), 2.21-1.89 (m, 4B). MS (ES) for C27H26O6 [M+NH4 : 466.2,
Figure imgf000155_0001
Example 84 r2S)-α:'ig*.3,^* -3-i;4-[3-t4-Benzoyl-phenoxy')-cvclopentyloxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000155_0002
The title compound was prepared as manner analogous in Example 83, starting from (li?*,3i-*)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-cyclopentanol and 4-hydroxy nezophenone. lH-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.83-7.73 (m, 4H), 7.56-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.3), 6.92 (dd, 2H, J=7.0, 1.9), 6.80 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 5.03-5.01 (m, IH), 4.96-4.92 (m, IH), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.6), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.6), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.3), 2.40-1.91 ( , 6H). MS (ES) for C28H28O6 [M+Hf : 461.2, [M+Naf: 483.2. Example 85
(2SK1 'R*.3 'R*V2-Methoxy-3- (4- 3-r4-ρhenylacetyl-ρhenoxy)-cvclopentyloxy1- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000156_0001
The title compound was prepared as mamier analogous in Example 83, starting from (lR*,3R*)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-cyclopentanol and l-(4-Hydroxy- phenyl)-2-phenyl-ethanone. MS (ES) for C29H30O6 [M+H]+: 475.2, [M+Naf: 497.2. -NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.97 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 7.32-7.23 (m, 5H), 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.91-6.77 (m, 4H), 5.01-4.91 (m, 2H), 4.22 (s, 2H), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.6), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.3), 2.33-1.92 ( , 6H).
Example 86 (•2SVri,R.3'^ 3-{4-[3,-(Biphenyl-4-yloxyVl,-cyclopentyloxy]-phenvB-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000156_0002
Step A
(1 S*,3 S*)-3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclopentanol
Figure imgf000157_0001
The title compound was prepared starting from (lR*,3S*)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl- silanyloxy)-cyclopentanol of Example 82, Step A, and running a Standard Mitsounobu coupling reaction B (toluene) with 4-phenylphenol. The product then was deprotected by Standard Procedure E to give the compound after purification by chromatography.
Step B
( PS.2S.3 'S)-3.3.3-Trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 3 '-(biphenyl-4- yloxy -!' -cyclopentyl ester
Figure imgf000157_0002
A mixture of (lS*,3S*)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclopentanol From Step A (1 eq) with (^-(^- -methoxy-α-^fluoromethy^-phenylacetic acid (1 eq), DMAP (0.1 eq) and EDCI (1.2 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at 36° C over night. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated to dryness. Reconstituted in ether and washed with HCl IN, and NaHCO3. Dry over MsSO4 and concenfrated in vacuo to give a crude that was purify by silicagel chromatography to give a diastereomeric mixture which was separated using chiral HPLC.
Step C d£3.Sr)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yIoxy)-cyclopentanol
Figure imgf000158_0001
To a solution of compound from Step C in ethanol an excess of NaOH IN was added and the mixture reaction was stirred at room temperature. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and diluted with brine. Extracted with ether and concenfrated to yield the title compound.
Step D r2SVrrR.3,^3-f4-[3,-('Biphenyl-4-yloxyVr-cvclopentyloxy]-phenyll-2-methoxy- propionic acid The title compound was prepared using the Standard Procedure for Mitsounobu coupling-hydrolysis A in Toluene to give the final compound. MS (ES) for C27H28O5 [M+NH4f : 450.2, [M+Naf: 455.2. !H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.56- 7.28 (m, 6H), 7.15-7.08 (m, 3H), 6.95 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.84-6.73 (m, 2H), 4.81-4.79 (m, 2H), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 4.3), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.3), 2.58-2.44 (m, IH), 2.19-2.02 (m, 5H).
Example 87
C2SV '»S'.3,J-)3-{4-[3,-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy,)-l'-cvclopentyloxy1-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000158_0002
Step A
(T 'R.2S.3 'RV-3.3.3-Trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 3 '-rbiphenyl-4- yloxyVl '-cyclopentyl ester
Figure imgf000159_0001
o
A mixture of (IS*, 3S*)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclopentanol from Step A (1 eq) with (5)-(-)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetic acid (1 eq), DMAP (0.1 eq) and EDCI (1.2 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at 36 °C over night. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated to dryness. Reconstituted in ether and washed with HCl IN, and NaHCO3. Dry over MsSO4 and concenfrated in vacuo to give a crude that was purify by silicagel chromatography to give a diastereomeric mixture which was separated using chiral HPLC.
Step B
(2SV('l,S.3,R)3-i4- 3,-rBiphenyl-4-yloxyVr-cvclopentyloxy]-phenvn-2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared using the same procedures as in Example 86,
Steps C and D, to give the final compound. MS (ES) for C27H2SO5 [M+NH4]+: 450.2, [M+Naf: 455.2. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.56-7.28 (m, 6H), 7.15-
7.08 (m, 3H), 6.95 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.84-6.73 (m, 2H), 4.81-4.79 (m, 2H), 3.98 (dd,
IH, J=7.0, 4.3), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.3),
2.58-2.44 ( , IH), 2.19-2.02 (m, 5H).
Example 88
(ΣSVπ ^.S'^S- -CS '-rBiphenyl^-yloxy^-r-cvclopentyloxyj-phenvn-Σ-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000159_0002
Chiral The title compound was prepared from (2S)-(l'R*,2'R*)3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4- yloxy)-cyclopentyloxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid from 0, Step D, which was purified by chiral-HPLC to give the corresponding enantiomer. MS (ES) for C27H28O5 [M+NFLf : 450.2, [M+Naf: 455.2. 1H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.57-7.29 (m, 7H), 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.99-4.91 (m, 2H), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.6), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.3), 2.31 (t, 2H, J=4.8), 2.26-1.97 (m, 4H).
Example 89
(2SV(1 'R.3 'R 3-f4-[3'-rBiphenyl-4-yloxyVl '-cvclopentyloxy]-phenyll-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000160_0001
Chiral
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-(l'R*,2'R*)3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4- yloxy)-cyclopentyloxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid from Example 81, Step D, which was purified by chiral-HPLC to give the corresponding enantiomer. !H- NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): d 7.57-7.29 (m, 7H), 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.99-4.91 (m, 2H), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.6), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.3), 2.31 (t, 2H, J=4.8), 2.26- 1.97 (m, 4H). MS (ES) for C27H28O5 [M+Naf: 455.
Example 90 r2SVri'R.3'^-3-(4-r3,-fBiphenyl-4-yloxyVl'-cvclohexyloχy]-phenvn-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000160_0002
Step A
3-ftert-Buryl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-cyclohexanol
Figure imgf000161_0001
The title compound was prepared following the Standar Procedure D for the monoprotection of diols, to give the product as a colorless oil.
Step B [3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexyloxy]-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silane
Figure imgf000161_0002
The title compound was prepared using the Standard Procedure for Mitsounobu coupling B (Toluene) to give the product as a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C24H34O2Si: [M+Hf : 383.3.
Step C 3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexanol
Figure imgf000161_0003
The title compound was prepared by the Standard Procedure E for cleveage the protected alcohols to give a mixture of the four isomers of the compounds. The mixture was purified by silicagel chromatography to give the corresponding two isomers (trans). (l1S'*,3S*)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexanol 1H-NMR (CDC13, 500.00 MHz): 7.55 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H); 7.51 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H); 7.41 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H); 7.30 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, IH); 6.97 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H); 4.74-4.72 (m, IH); 4.20-4.15 (m, IH); 2.09-2.04 (m, IH); 1.86-1.70 (m, 6H); 1.53-1.27 (m, 3H)ppm and (cis)(lR*,3S*)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexanol 1H-NMR (CDC13, 500.00 MHz): 7.54 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H); 7.51 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H); 7.41 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H); 7.30 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, IH); 6.97 (d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H); 4.39-4.36 (m, IH); 3.83-3.80 (m, IH); 2.31 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, IH); 2.04-1.85 (m, 4H); 1.72-1.34 (m, 10H)ppm.
Step D
(lR.3.Sr)- 2S)-3.3.3-Trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-propionic cid 3-tbiphenyl-4- yloxyVl -cyclohexyl ester
Figure imgf000162_0001
A mixture of (lR*,3 '*)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexanol from Step C (1 eq) with (»S)-(-)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetic acid (1 eq), DMAP (0.1 eq) and EDCI (1.2 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at 36°C over night. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated to dryness. Reconstituted in ether and washed with HCl IN, and NaHCO3. Dry over MsSO and concentrated in vacuo to give a crude that was purified by silica gel chromatography to give a diastereomeric mixture which was separated using chiral HPLC
Step E
( 1 R.3 S)-3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexanol
Figure imgf000162_0002
To a solution of compound from Step D in ethanol an excess of NaOH IN was added and the mixture reaction was stirred at room temperature. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and diluted with brine. Extracted with ether and concentrated to yield the title compound.
Step F (2S)-(l' l.3'RV3-(4- 3'-('Biρhenyl-4-yloxyVr-cvcloheχyloxyl-phenyn-2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared using the Standard Procedure for Mitsounobu coupling-hydrolysis A in Toluene to give the final compound. 1H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.73-7.28 (m, 7H), 7.12 (dd, 2H, J=10.2, 8.6), 7.00-6.93 (m, IH), 6.86-6.73 (m, 2H), 4.34-4.19 (m, 2H), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.94 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.3), 2.67-2.61 (m, IH), 2.27-2.18 (m, IH), 1.96-1.93 (m, IH), 1.71-1.54 (m, IH), 1.46-1.37 (m, 3H).
Example 91
(2S')-fl'^.3,RV3-{4-[3'-('Biρhenyl-4-yloxy)-l'-cvcloheχyloxy1-phenvn-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000163_0001
Step A n.Sr.3R')-r2SV3.3.3-Trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 3-rbiphenyl-4- yloxyVl -cyclohexyl ester
Figure imgf000163_0002
A mixture of (1R*, 3,S*)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexanol from Example 90, Step C (1 eq) with ( -(-)- -methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetic acid (1 eq), DMAP (0.1 eq) and EDCI (1.2 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at 36°C over night. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated to dryness. Reconstituted in ether and washed with HCl IN, and NaHCO3. Dry over MsSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a crude that was purified by silicagel chromatography to give a diastereomeric mixture which was separated using chiral HPLC.
Ste B ('l)Sl.3RV3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxyVcyclohexanol
Figure imgf000164_0001
The compound was prepared using the same procedure as in Example 90, Step E.
Step C
(2S 1 'S ' R)-3- (4-[3 ' -( Biphenyl-4-yloxy -l ' -cvclohexyloxyl-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared using the Standard Procedure for Mitsounobu coupling-hydrolysis A in toluene to give the final compound. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.73-7.28 (m, 7H), 7.12 (dd, 2H, J=10.2, 8.6), 7.00-6.93 (m, IH), 6.86-6.73 (ra, 2H), 4.34-4.19 ( , 2H), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.94 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.3), 2.67-2.61 (m, IH), 2.27-2.18 (m, IH), 1.96-1.93 (m, IH), 1.71-1.54 (m, IH), 1.46-1.37 (m, 3H).
Example 92 r2SVπ,R.3'R)-3-{4-r3'-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-l'-cyclohexyloxy -phenyl>-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000165_0001
Step A πR.3R)- 2S)-3.3.3-Trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 3-(Diphenyl-4- yloxy)-! -cyclohexyl ester
Figure imgf000165_0002
A mixture of (lR*,3R*)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexanol (trans), from Example 90, Step C (1 eq) with (iS)-(-)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetic acid (1 eq), DMAP (0.1 eq) and EDCI (1.2 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at 36°C over night. The reaction mixture was cooled and concenfrated to dryness. Reconstituted in ether and washed with HCl IN, and NaHCO3. Dry over MsSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a crude that was purify by silicagel chromatography to give a diastereomeric mixture which was separated using chiral HPLC.
Step B flR.3R -3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxyVcvclohexanol
Figure imgf000165_0003
The compound was prepared using the same procedure as in Example 90, Step E. Step C
(2S)-(1 'R.3 'R)-3-l4-β '-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-l '-cvclohexyloxy]-phenvn-2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared using the Standard Procedure for Mitsounobu coupling-hydrolysis A in toluene to give the final compound. ^-NMR (CDC13,
200.15 MHz): 7.57-7.27 (m, 7H), 7.13 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.96 (dd, 2H, J=6.7, 2.1), 6.83
(d, 2H, J=8.9), 4.75-4.72 (m, 2H), 4.00-3.95 (m, IH), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH,
J=14.8, 4.3), 2.94 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.5), 2.12-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.78 (m, 5H).
Example 93 r2SVfl'S.3'6r -3- 4-[3'-fBiρhenyl-4-yloxy)-l'-cyclohexyloxy]-phenvn-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000166_0001
Step A i<S.3l$r)- 2S)-3.3.3-Trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 3-(biphenyl-4- yloxyVl -cyclohexyl ester
Figure imgf000166_0002
A mixture of (lR*,3R*)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexanol (trans), from Example 90, Step C (1 eq) with (ιS)-(-)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetic acid (1 eq), DMAP (0.1 eq) and EDCI (1.2 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at 36°C over night. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated to dryness. Reconstituted in ether and washed with HCl IN, and NaHC03. Dry over MsS04 and concentrated in vacuo to give a crude that was purify by silicagel chromatography to give a diastereomeric mixture which was separated using chiral HPLC.
Ste B
(l£3ff)-3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cvclohexanol
Figure imgf000167_0001
The compound was prepared using the same procedure as in Example 90, Step E.
Step C
(2S 1' S.3 'S)-3-{4- 3 ' -fBiphenyl-4-yloxy> 1 ' -cyclohexyloxy]-phenyl -2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared using the Standard Procedure for Mitsounobu coupling-hydrolysis A in toluene to give the final compound. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.57-7.27 (m, 7H), 7.13 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.96 (dd, 2H, J=6.7, 2.1), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 4.75-4.72 (m, 2H), 4.00-3.95 (m, IH), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.8, 4.3), 2.94 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.5), 2.12-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.78 (m, 5H).
Example 94
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000167_0002
Step A C2S)-3-[4-(tgrt-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000167_0003
To a solution of (2S)-3-hydroxyphenyl-2-methoxy-propionic acid (7.30 g, 37.2 mmol) in 40 mL of dry DMF was added tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (11.80 g, 78.2 mmol) and imidazole (5.32 g, 78.2 mmol). The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (40 mL) was added, and the aqueous phase was extracted with hexanes (40 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (50 mL), dried (MgS04), and concentrated. The crude material was dissolved in THF (20 mL), and saturated NaHC03 solution (20 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The aqueous layer was exfracted with ethyl acetate (40 mL), acidified to pH 3, and extracted again with ethyl acetate (3 x 40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (60 mL) and dried (MgS04), and concentrated to a yellow oil (11.5 g, 99%). !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.09 (d, 2H, J=8.3), 6.76 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.3), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.3), 2.93 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.3), 0.97 (s, 9H), 0.18 (6H, s).
Ste B
Preparation of ("2S -3-[4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin
Figure imgf000168_0001
The reaction was carried out in a polypropylene syringe equipped with a polypropylene frit. Wang's resin (1 eq, ca. 1.2 mmol/g resin) was suspended in dichloromethane (0.05 M) and (2S)-3-[4-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy) phenyl]-2- methoxypropionic acid (1.5 eq), disopropylcarbodiimide (2.0 eq), and a catalytic amount of dimethylaminopyridine were added. The mixture was shaken at room temperature overnight. The reaction solvent was removed, and the resin was washed sequentially with CH2C12 (2x), DMF (2x), CH2C12 (2x), methanol, and CH2C12 (2x). The resin was dried under vacuum for 5 hours. The resin was suspended in CH2C12 (0.05 M) and treated with acetic anhydride (5 eq) and a catalytic amount of dimethylaminopyridine for 2 hours. The solvent was removed and the resin washed sequentially with a mixture of 1:1 acetic acid/CH2Cl2 (3x), CH2C12 (2x), methanol, CH2C1 (2x) and dried under vacuum overnight to give (2S)-3-[4-(tert- butyldimethylsilanyloxy)phenyl]-2-methoxypropionic acid linked to Wang's Resin.
Ste C
Preparation of t2S)-3-f4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-memoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin
Figure imgf000169_0001
The reaction was carried out in a polypropylene syringe equipped with a polypropylene frit. To a suspension of (2S)-3-[4-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (1 eq) in dichloromethane (0.05 M) was added tetrabutylammomum fluoride (ca 5 eq). The mixture was shaken at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent was removed, and the resin was washed sequentially with CH2C12 (2x), DMF (2x), CH2C12 (2x), methanol, and CH2C12 (2x). The resin was dried under vacuum overnight to produce (2S) 3-(4-hydroxy~phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin. Cleavage of 20 mg of the resin in TFA/CH2C12 1 : 1 followed by evaporation of the solvent produced S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propiomc acid as an oil. 1H- NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.10 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.76 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 4.6), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.6), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.5).
Ste D
Preparation of (2S)-3-[4-f3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin
Figure imgf000169_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methox;y- propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin via Mitsunobu coupling (Standard Procedure F) to produce (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin. Cleavage of 20 mg of the resin in TFA/CH2C12 1:1 followed by evaporation of the solvent produced (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid as an oil. -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.82 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.56 (t, IH, J=6.2), 4.09 (2H, dd, J=13.2, 5.9), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=6.7, 4.0), 3.90 (IH, t, J=5.9), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.3), 2.22 (qn, IH, J=5.9), 2.05 (qn, IH, J=5.9).
Ste E (2S)-3 - {4-[3 -(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin via the Mitsunobu coupling- cleavage from the resin procedure (Standard Procedure G) to give 1.6 mg of a white solid (6%). -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.82-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.57-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 6.96 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 4.25 (t, 2H,
J=6.0), 4.14 (t, 2H, J=6.0), 4.00 (dd, IH, J=6.8, 4.6 Hz), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.1, 4.6), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.1, 6.8), 2.28 (qn, 2H, J=6.0).
Example 95 f2S -3-r4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl -phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenylV2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000170_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2~ methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 4-hydroxybenzophenone and cleavage from the resin
(Standard Procedure G) gave an oil (7%). 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.82- 7.73 (m, 4H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 4H), 6.96 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.84 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 4.25 (t, 2H, J=6.0), 4.15 (t, 2H, J=6.0), 4.00 (dd, IH, J=6.7, 4.6), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.1, 4.6), 2.97 (dd, dd, J=14.1, 6.8), 2.28 (qn, 2H, J=6.0). MS (ES) for C26H25F06 [M+H]+: 453.2, [M+Naf: 475.2.
Example 96 (2S)-3-|4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000171_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) produced a white solid (5%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.29-7.13 (m, 6H), 7.08 (d, 2H, J=8.9),16.82 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.12 (t, 4H, J=6.2), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=6.6, 4.0), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 6.6), 2.22 (qn, 2H, J=6.2).
Example 97(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-[3-('3-phenylamino-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000171_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 3-hydroxydiphenylamine and cleavage from the resin
(Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid (4%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.31-6.81 ( , 8H), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.65-6.62 (m, 2H), 6.48 (dd, IH, J=8.2, 2.1), 4.12 (t, 4H, J=6.2), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 4.4), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.4), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.0), 2.22 (qn, 2H, J=6.2).
Example 98 (2SV3-{4-[3-('4-Butyl-phenoxyVpropoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000172_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 4-n-butylphenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid (7%). 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.11 (dd, 4H, J=12.7, 8.6), 6.82 (dd, 4H, J=8.6, 3.2), 4.12 (t, 4H, J=6.2), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.7, 4.4), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.30 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.4), 2.94 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.7), 2.54 (t, 2H, J=7.7), 2.23 (qn, 2H, J=6.2), 1.63-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.24 (m, 2H), 0.91 (t, 3H, J=7.2).
Example 99
(2SV3-(4- 3-[4-r2-Fluoro-benzoy -phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000172_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 2-fluoro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid (7%). JH-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.81 (dd, 2H, J=8.8, 1.3), 7.54-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.09 (m, 4H), 6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.83 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.24 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 4.14 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 4.6), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.0), 2.28 (qn, 2H, J=6.2).
Example 100 f2SV2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-('9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-propoxy -phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000173_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 2-hydroxy-9-fluorenone and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid. -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.59 (d, IH, J= 7.0); 7.43-7.37 (m, 3H); 7.26-7.13 (m, 4H); 6.98 (dd, IH, J= 8.1, 2.4); 6.85 (d, 2H, J= 8.6); 4.17 (qui, 4H, J= 5.6); 3.99 (dd, IH, J= 7.0, 4.6); 3.40 (s, 3H); 3.10 (dd, IH, J= 14.2, 4.6); 2.96 (dd, IH, J= 14.2, 7.0); 2.32-2.23 (m, 4H) ppm.
Example 101 f 2S V 2-Methoxy-3 - {4- [3 -f 2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl } - propionic acid
Figure imgf000173_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 2-methyl-5-benzothiazolol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) to give an oily solid. -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.65 (d, 1 H, J=8.9), 7.36-7.35 (m, 1 H), 7.16 (d, 2 H, J=8.9), 7.03 (dd, 1 H, J=8.9, 2.4), 6.86 (dd, 2 H, J=6.5, 1.9), 4.22 (t, 2 H, J=5.9), 4.18 (t, 2 H, J=6.2), 4.01 (dd, 2 H, J=6.4, 5.4), 3.43 (s, 3 H), 3.14-2.94 (m, 2 H), 2.87 (s, 3 H), 2.27 (qn, 2 H, J=6.2) ppm. Example 102
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-r3-morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenv -propionic acid
Figure imgf000174_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 3-(4-morpholino) phenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.32- 7.23 (m, 1 H), 7.14-7.10 (m, 2 H), 6.84-6.69 (m, 5 H), 4.14 (q, 4 H, J=5.6), 4.02- 3.94 (m, 5 H), 3.40 (s, 3 H), 3.33-3.28 (m, 4 H), 3.13-2.91 (m, 2 H), 2.23 (qn, 2 H, J=5.9) ppm.
Example 103 r2SV3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-2-yloxyVpropoxy]-phenyl>-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000174_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 2-phenylphenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) to give the title compound. !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.51- 7.43 (m, 2 H), 7.38-7.29 (m, 5 H), 7.15-6.98 (m, 4 H), 6.79-6.72 (m, 2 H), 4.15 (t, 2 H, J = 5.9 Hz), 4.04-3.96 (m, 3 H), 3.39 (s, 3 H), 3.15-2.90 (m, 2 H), 2.15 (qn, 2 H, J = 5.9 Hz) ppm. Example 104
(2S)-3-|4- 3-r4-Cyclopentyl-phenoxy')-propoxy1-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000175_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via
Mitsunobu coupling with 4-cyclopentylphenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
• Example 105 f2S)-3-(4-[3- 4-Cyano-3-fluoro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000175_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 2-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 106
("2S -3-(4-[3-(2.4-Difluoro-phenoxy')-propoxy]-phenyl -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000175_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 2,4-difluorophenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid. Example 107 f2S)-2-Methoxy-3-j4-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl]-propionic acid
Figure imgf000176_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 4-trifluoromethylphenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 108
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000176_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 3-trifluoromethylphenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 109
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-[3-('5-oxo-5.6.7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-proρoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000176_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 6-hydroxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalenone and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 110
(2S)-3-{4-[3-f3.5-Difluoro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000177_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyι]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via
Mitsunobu coupling with 3,5-difluorophenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 111 2S)-3-(4-[3-(Isoquinolin-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000177_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-prop ionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 5-hydroxyisoquinolyne and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 112
(2SV2-Methoxy-3-(4-[3- 4-trifluoromethoxy-phenoxy')-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000178_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 4-trifluoromethoxyphenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 113
C2SV3- 4-[3-f4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000178_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 4-fluorophenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 114 f2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-[3-("4-phenylaceryl-phenoxyVpropoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000178_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via
Mitsunobu coupling withbenzyl-4-hydroxyphenylketone and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid. Example 115
C2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4- (3-[4-( 1 -methyl- 1 -phenyl-ethvD-phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)- propionic acid
Figure imgf000179_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 4-cumylphenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 116
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-r4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000179_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 7-hydroxyflavone and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 117
4-{3-[4-f2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000179_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 118 (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-|4-[3-r4-oxo-2-phenyl-chroman-6-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000180_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 6-hydroxyflavone and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 119 f2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-chroman-6-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000180_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 6-hydroxyflavanone and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 120
(2S -2-Methoxy-3-l4-[3-r4-oxo-2-phenyl-chroman-7-yloxy -propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000181_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 7-hydroxyflavanone and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 121 f2S")-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000181_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via Mitsunobu coupling with 4-(4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxyphenol and cleavage from the resin (Standard Procedure G) gave an oily solid.
Example 122 r2S)-3-{4-[2-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000181_0003
Step A 2-ftert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloχyyethanol : ,. -.181- .
Figure imgf000182_0001
To a solution of ethylene glycol (1.00 g, 16.1 mmol) in THF (80 mL) was added NaH (0.65 mg, 16.1 mmol, 60% oil dispersion) at 0 °C. The reaction was stirred 1 hour, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (2.35 g, 16.1 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 3 hours at room temperature, Na2C03 saturated solution (80 mL) was added, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (80 mL) and brine (80 mL), dried over (MgS0 ), and concentrated under vacuum. The reaction crude was purified by silica gel column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate, 2:3) to produce 1.93 g (85%) of a yellow oil. 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 3.74-3.59 (m, 4H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.08
(s, 6H).
Step B
Preparation of r2S)-3-{4-[2-("tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethoxy]-phneyl>-2- methoxy-propanoic acid linked to Wang's Resin
Figure imgf000182_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step D) via the Mitsunobu coupling procedure with 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethanol (Standard Procedure B).
Step C Preparation of (2SV3 -[4-[2-Hvdroxyethoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propanoic acid linked to Wang's Resin
Figure imgf000183_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-{4-[2-(tert-buty- dimethylsilanyloxy)ethoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-ρropanoic acid linked to Wang's Resin when treated with tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF as described in Standard Procedure E. Cleavage of 20 mg of the resin in TFA/CH2C12 (1:1) followed by evaporation of the solvent produced (2S)-3-[4-[2-hydroxy-ethoxy]- phenyl}-2-methoxy-propanoic acid as an oil. -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.16 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.85 (d, 2H, j=8.9), 4.09-3.93 (m, 5H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.11 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.0), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.2).
Step D f2S -3-{4-[2-r4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000183_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-ρhenyl)-2 -methoxy- propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin via Mitsunobu coupling Standard Procedure G. Cleavage from the resin gave an oily solid. -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.84-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.60-7.41 (ra, 3H), 7.18 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.99 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.87 (d, 2H, J=8.7), 4.43-4.32 (m, 4H), 3.96 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.6), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.2), 2.95 (dd, 1H, J=14.2, 7.8)ppm.
Example 123
(2SV3- {4-[2-(Biphenyl-4-yloxyVethoxy]-phenvU -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000184_0001
Step A
("Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-acetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000184_0002
To a solution of 4-phenylphenol (1.02 g, 5.99 mmol) in 10 mL of DMF at -20 °C was added sodium hydride (0.24 g, 5.99 mmol, 60% oil dispersion) and the mixture stirred at 0°C for 30 min. 2-bromoethyl acetate (0.66 mL, 5.99 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was diluted with water (50 mL) and exfracted with diethyl ether (3 x 20 mL). The combined extracts were washed with water (4 x 20 mL), dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated under vacuum. 0.63 g (41 %). !H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.57-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.45-7.26 (m, 3H), 6.98 (dd, 2H, J=6.4, 2.1), 4.66 (s, 2H); 4.29 (q, 2H, J=7.3), 1.31 (t, 5H, J=7.3) ppm.
Step B 2-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethanol
Figure imgf000184_0003
To a solution of (Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-acetic acid ethyl ester (0.63 g, 2.46 mmol) in dry toluene (15 mL) at -78°C was added DIBAL-H IM in toluene (4.92 mL, 4.92 mmol). The solution was stirred at-78°C for 1 hour, warmed to room temperature and quenched with mixture of a solution of sodium tarfrate in water and ethyl acetate for 1 hour. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase further extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried (MgS04), concentrated under vacuum and the residue purified bu column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/Ethyl acetate 4:1, Rf 0.1), 48%. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.58-7.26 ( , 8H); 7.00 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 4.14 (t, 2H, J=4.6), 4.02-3.98 (m, 2H); 2.04 (t, IH, J=5.4).
Step C 2SV3-(4-r2-CBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyll-2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from 2-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethanol and (2S)-2- Methoxy-3-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid ethyl ester using the general procedure A (34%). Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.55-7.49 (m, 4H); 7.43-7.35 (m, 2H); 7.29 (d, IH, J=7.3); 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.8); 7.00 (d, 2H, J=8.8); 6.88 (d, 2H, J=8.8); 4.36-4.29 (m, 4H); 3.98 (dd, 1H, J=7.0, 4.4); 3.39 (s, 3H); 3.10 (dd, 1H, J=14.3, 4.4); 2.95 (dd, IH, 7=14.3, 7.3)ppm. MS (ES) for C24H2405 [M+NH4]+: 410.
Example 124
( 2S )-3- ( 4-[2-(Biphenyl-4-yloxyVacetyl]-phenyll -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000185_0001
Step A
(2S) 3-f4-Ethvnyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propiorιic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000185_0002
To a solution of (2S) 2-Methoxy-3-(4-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)- propionic acid ethyl ester (0.100 g, 0.29 mmol)(Example 1, Step A) in 10 mL of degassed piperidine, was added (trimethylsilyl)acetylene (99,6 mg, .1.015 mrnol), tefrakis(friphenylphosphine) Palladium (0) (0.017 g, 0.015 mmol), triphenylphosphine (7.7 mg, 0.029 mmol) and cooper (I) Iodide (5.5 mg, 0.029 mmol). The solution was stirred for 2 hours at 120°C and then cooled to room temperature. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in dry THF and 0,4 mL of a solution of tefrabutylamomum fluoride (1.0 M in THF) and 0.02 mL of water were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum and the residue partitioned between water (20 ml) and diethyl ether (20 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous solution extracted twice with 20 ml of diethylether. The combined organic layers were washed with 10% Na2C03 (6 x 20 ml) and brine (20 ml) and dried (MgS04). Concentration produced a yellow oil (38 mg, 56 %). 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.95 (d, IH, J=7.3), 7.25 (d, IH, J=7.3), 4.18 (q, 2H, J=7.0), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.6), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.05 (d, IH, J=5.3), 3.02 (d, IH, J=2.4 Hz), 1.22 (t, 3H, J=7.25).
Ste B
(2S) 3-(4-Acetyl-phenylV2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000186_0001
To (2S) 3-(4-Ethynyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (36 Mg, 0.15 mmol) (Example 29, Step A) were added 4 ml of formic acid. The solution was stirred for 1 hour at 100°C and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was taken up with methylene chloride and the solution was washed with water, sodium carbonate, and water, dried (MgS0 ) and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum.
Obtained a brown liquid (0.035 g, 95 %). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.43 (d, IH, J=7.3), 7.12 (d, IH, J=7.3), 4.18 (q, 2H, J=7.0), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.6), 3.32
(s, 3H), 3.06 (s, IH), 3.03 (d, IH, J=2.4 Hz), 2.56 (s, 2H), 1.22 (t, 3H, J=7.25).
Ste C
T2S) 3-[4-f2-Bromo-acetyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000187_0001
Powdered cupric bromide (62 mg, 0.28 mmol) was added portionwise to a solution of (2S) 3 -(4-Acetyl-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (35 mg, 0.14 mmol) in CHC13 (5ml) and ethyl acetate (5 mL). The solution was stirred for 1 hour at 65°C and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was filtered and the solvent evaporated under vacuum. The residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/Ethyl Ether 8:2, Rf 0.20) to produce a colorless oil (25 mg, 54%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.935 (d, IH, J=7.3), 7.38 (d, IH, J=7.3), 4.50 (s, 2H), 4.12 (q, 2H, J=7.0), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.6), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, IH), 3.06 (d, IH, J=2.4 Hz), 1.22 (t, 3H, J=7.25).
Step D
(2S) 3-{4-[2-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-acetyI]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from a solution of (2S) 3-[4-(2-Bromo-acetyl)- phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (25 mg, 0.076 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 ml). 4-phenylphenol (29 mg, 0.152 mmol) and K2C03 (31,5 mg, 0.23 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred for 30 min at 80°C and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated to dryness under vacuum and chromatographed in silica gel (hexanes/Ethyl ether 8:2 to 7:3). Fractions corresponding to the coupled compound were collected (Rf:0.27)and concentrated to dryness. The mixture thus obtained was dissolved in 4 mL of NaOH IN and 12 mL of Methanol and stirred at room temperature until TLC indicates the disappearance of starting material. The methanol was eliminated under vacuum and the aqueous solution diluted with 20 mL of brine and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous phase was acidulated with HCl IN (until pH 3); extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL) and the organic layer dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated under vacuum. Obtained a colorless oil (9.6 mg, 32 %). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.96 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 7.55-7.23 (m, 9H), 6.99 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 5.26 (s, 2H), 4.03 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.6), 3.39 (s, 3H) 3.22 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 5,5), 3.03 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 7.2).
Example 125 ("2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-('4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-acetyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000188_0001
The title compound was prepared from a solution of (2S) 3-[4-(2-Bromo-acetyl)- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.076 mmol) from Example 124, Step C in acetonitrile (5 ml).4-phenoxyphenol (0.152 mmol) and K2C03 (0.23 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred for 30 min at 80°C and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated to dryness under vacuum and chromatographed in silica gel (hexanes/Ethyl ether 8:2 to 7:3). Fractions corresponding to the coupled compound were collected (Rf: 0.27) and concenfrated to dryness. The mixture thus obtained was dissolved in 4 mL of NaOH IN and 12 mL of Methanol and stirred at room temperature until TLC indicates the disappearance of starting material. The methanol was eliminated under vacuum and the aqueous solution diluted with 20 mL of brine and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous phase was acidulated with HCl IN (until pH 3); exfracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL) and the organic layer dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated under vacuum. Obtained a colourless oil. !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.96 (d, 2H, J=8.4), 7.55-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.04-6.83 (m, 6H), 5.24 (s, 2H), 4.08 (dd, IH, J=7.4, 4.4), 3.40 (s, 3H) 3.22 (dd, IH, j=14.3, 4.4), 3.15 (dd, IH, j=14.3, 7.2).
Example 126 f2S)-3-{4-[2-('4-Benzoyl-phenoxy')-acetyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000189_0001
The title compound was prepared from a solution of (2S) 3-[4-(2-Bromo-acetyl)- phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.076 mmol) from Example 124, Step C in acetonitrile (5 ml). 4-hy-lroxybenzophenone (0.152 mmol) and K2C03 (0.23 mmol) were added. The solution was stirred for 30 min at 80°C and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated to dryness under vacuum and chromatographed in silica gel (hexanes/Ethyl ether 8:2 to 7:3). Fractions corresponding to the coupled compound were collected (Rf: 0.27) and concentrated to dryness. The mixture thus obtained was dissolved in 4 mL of NaOH IN and 12 mL of Methanol and stirred at room temperature until TLC indicates the disappearance of starting material. The methanol was eliminated under vacuum and the aqueous solution diluted with 20 mL of brine and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous phase was acidulated with HCl IN (until pH 3); exfracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 ml) and the organic layer dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated under vacuum. Obtained a colorless oil. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.96-7.71 (m, 6H), 7.57-7.46 (m, 5H), 6.97 (d, 2H, J=8.1), 5.35 (s, 2H), 4.08 (dd, IH, J=7.4, 4.2), 3.26 (s, 3H) 3.20 (dd, IH, J=14.1, 4.1), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.1, 7.2).
Example 127 2S)-3-i4-[3-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000189_0002
The title compound was prepared as follows: (2S) 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-prop- l-ynyl]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (0, Step C) (0.0325 g, 0.08 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 mL). Palladium 10% on activated carbon (0.004 g, 0.004 mmol) was added and the solution saturated with hydrogen (1 Atm) and stirred for 5 hours. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/Ethyl acetate-Acetic acid 50:50: 1 , Rf 0.23) (85%). Η-NMR (CDC13,
200.15 MHz): δ 7.56-7.24 (m, 11H), 6.94 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 4.02-3.95 (m, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.11 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 4.4), 2.98 (dd, IH, J=14.3, 7.3), 2.79 (t, 2H, J=8.1), 2.16- 2.03 (m, 3H).MS (ES) for C25H2604 [M+NH4f : 408.2, [M+Naf: 413.2.
Example 128 r2S)-3-{4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-butyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000190_0001
Step A (2SV3-[4- 4-Hvdroxy-butylVphenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000190_0002
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-prop-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.294 g, 1.06 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL). Palladium 10% on activated carbon (0.057 g, 0.05 mmol) was added and the solution saturated with hydrogen (1 Atm) and stirred for 2 hours. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated under vacuum. (100%). Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.12 (dd, 4H, J=l 1.3, 8.6), 4.17 (q, 2H, J=7.0), 3.94 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 6.2), 3.65 (t, 2H, J=5.9); 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.00 (s, IH), 2.97 (s, IH), 2.61 (t, 2H, J=7.3), 1.73-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.22 (t, 3H, J=7.0).
Step B (2S)-3-{4-f4-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy')-butyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S) 3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-butyl)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and 4-phenylphenol following the Standard Procedure of coupling-hydrolysis A. ]H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.55-7.23 (m, 7H); 7.14 (d, 4H, J=l.l); 6.93 (d, 2H, J=8.4); 4.02-3.96 (m, 3H); 3.37 (s, 3H); 3.11 (dd, 1H, J=14.3, 4.4); 2.97 (dd, 1H, J=14.3, 7.3); 2.66 (t, 2H, J=7.0); 1.83-1.80 (m, 4H). MS (ES) forC26H2804 [M+NHJ+ : 422.2, [M+Naf: 427.2.
Example 129 2S)-3-(4-[5-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy -pentyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000191_0001
Chiral
The title compound was prepared as follows: (2S)-3-{4-[5-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-pent- 1 -ynyl] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid from Example 21 (0.08 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 mL). Palladium 10% on activated carbon (0.004 g, 0.004 mmol) was added and the solution saturated with hydrogen (1 Atm) and stirred for 5 hours. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography. MS (ES) for C27H30O4 [M-H]-: 417.3.
• Example 130 3-i4- 3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000191_0002
Step A
3-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000192_0001
A solution of 4-benzyloxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (0.44 g, 1.92 mmol) and methyl methoxyacetate (0.19 mL, 1.92 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at -78°C was added dropwise to sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (20 mL, 2.11 mmol, IN in THF) at - 78°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h and quenched with IN HCl (5 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, diluted with water (15 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgS04) and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate, 1:1) to produce 3-(4-benzyloxy-3- methoxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester as an oil (350 mg, 52%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.45-7.20 (m, 5H), 6.9 (s, IH), 6.8 (b, 2H), 5.1 (s, 2H), 4.90-4.80 (m, IH), 4.10 (m, IH), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.10-2.90 (m, IH).
Step B
3- 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000192_0002
Trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.62 mL, 4.36mmol) and triethylamine (0.62 mL, 4.36 mmol) were added to a solution of 3-(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2- methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (1.01 g, 2.91 mmol) in methylene chloride (30 mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature and was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (30 mL), and 10% palladium on carbon (0.3 g) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred under hydrogen pressure (4 atm) for 16 hours. The mixture was filtered through Celite and concenfrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 7:3) to produce 3-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester as an oil (598 mg, 86%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 6.80 (d, IH, J=7.8), 6.7 (s, IH), 6.62 (d, IH, J=7.8), 3.96 (dd, IH, J=7.8, 4.0), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.91 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.8).
Step C
3 -f 4-Hvdroxy-3 -methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000193_0001
A IN aqueous lithium hydroxide solution was added to a solution of 3-(4-hydroxy- 3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-'methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (280 mg, 1.17mmol) in THF at room temperature, and the reaction mixture stirred overnight. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL), acidified to pH 2, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 15 mL). The later organic layers were combined and washed with water (15 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to produce 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid as an oil (183 mg, 74%). Η-NMR (250.13 MHz, CDC13): δ 6.83 (IH, d, J=7.8), 6.74 (IH, s), 6.72 (IH, d, J=7.8), 3.99 (IH, dd, J=7.8, 4.0), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.09 (IH, dd, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.91 (IH, dd, J=14.2, 7.8).
Ste D
3-[4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methoxy-phenylV2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000193_0002
To a solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (1.02 g, 4.87 mmol) in CH2C12-DMF (20 mL = 10 : 1) was added tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl chloride (1.75 g, 11.68 mmol) and imidazole (0.70 g, 10.24 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (15 L) was added, and the aqueous phase was extracted with hexanes (30 mL). The hexanes layer was washed with water (10 mL), dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated. The crude product was dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 mL), and a saturated solution of K2C03 (5 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL), acidified to pH 3, and extracted again with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The later organic layers were combined and washed with brine (20 mL), dried (MgS04), and concentrated to a yellow oil (1.2 g, 77%). !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 6.78-6.67 (m, 3H), 3.96 (dd, IH, J=7.8, 4.0), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.91 (dd, 1H, J=14.2, 7.8), 0.98 (s, 9H), 0.13 (6H, s).
Step E Preparation of 3-[4-ftert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin
Figure imgf000194_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure as in Example 95, Step B.
Step F
Preparation of 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylV2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin
Figure imgf000194_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure as in Example 95, Step C. Ste G
Preparation of 3-[4-("3-hvdroxy-propoxyV3-methoxy-phenyl1-2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin.
Figure imgf000195_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin via Mitsunobu coupling (Standard Procedure F) to produce 3-[4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin.
Step H
3-(4-[3- 4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenv -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000195_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-3-methoxy- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin via the Mitsunobu coupling-cleavage from the resin procedure (Standard Procedure G) to produce an oily solid (4%). H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.81-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.57-7.43 (m, 3H), 6.96 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.81-6.73 (m, 3H), 4.28 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 4.20 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 4.01 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 4.6), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.0), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.0), 2.33 (qn, 2H, J=6.2).
Example 131
3-r4-(3- 4-r4-Fluoro-benzoyl')-phenoxy]-propoxy}-3-methoxy-phenylV2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000196_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3~(4-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-3-methoxy- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin via the Mitsunobu coupling-cleavage from the resin procedure (Standard Procedure G) to produce an oily solid (4%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.83-7.74 (ra, 4H), 715 (t, 2H, J=8.6 Hz), 6.96 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.85-6.74 (m, 3H), 4.28 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 4.20 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 4.01 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 4.6), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.0), 2.33 (qn, 2H, J=6.2).
Example 132
3-{4- 3- Biphenyl-4-yloxy -propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyr)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000196_0002
Step A
3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000196_0003
To a solution of 3-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid (356 mg, 1.05 mmol) in absolute ethanol (8 mL) was added concentrated sulfuric acid (0.033 mL, 0.63 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 17 hours. The solution was concentrated under vacuum, and water (10 mL) and solid NaHC03 were added to neutralize the residue. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried (MgS04), filtered, and concenfrated to produce 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (260 mg, 98%). !H-NMR (200.15 MHz,
CDC13): δ 6.83 (d, IH, J=8.1 Hz), 6 6-6.69 (m, 2H), 4.19 (q, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 3.97- 3.90 (m, IH), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.96-2.92 (m, 2H), 1.25 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz).
Step B [1.3.2]Dioxathiane 2.2-dioxide
Figure imgf000197_0001
To a solution of 1,3-propanodiol (30 g, 394 mmol) in CC1 (278 mL) was added thionyl chloride (36 mL, 491 mmol) via syringe. The resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 1.5 h and was cooled to 0°C to evaporate the solvent under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of CCVCH3CN/H20 (2:2:3=500 mL) and cooled to 0°C. Ruthenium trichloride trihydrate (0.556 g, 2.68 mmol) was added, followed by addition of solid NaI04 (14.35 g, 197 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, H20 (1 L) was added, and the aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (4 x 300mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL), dried (MgS04), and filtered through a pad of silica gel to remove the ruthenium salts. The solvent was evaporated and hexanes (200 mL) was added to the resulting oil. After cooling, a gray solid precipitated. The solid was filtered and washed with hexanes. RecrystaUization from hexanes/ether yielded a white, crystalline solid (18.15 g, 33%). !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 4.73 (t, 4H, J=5.6), 2.13 (qn, 2H, J=5.6).
Step C 3 -f Biphenyl-4-yloχy propan- 1 -ol
Figure imgf000198_0001
A solution of 4-phenylphenol (4.9 g, 29.0 mmol) and potassium tez-t-butoxide (3.64 g, 30.3 mmol) in THF (100 L) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solution was cooled at 0°C and [l,3,2]dioxathiane 2,2-dioxide (3.6 g, 26.34 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, and the solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in 6N HCl (15 mL) and heated at 100°C for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the aqueous phase was exfracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with H20 (3 x 25 mL) and brine (25 mL), dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated to produce 3-(biphenyl-4- yϊoxy)-propan-l-ol as a white solid (4.16 g, 63%). ]H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.57-7.49 (m, 4H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 3H), 6.98 (dd, 2H, J=6.72, 2.14), 4.17 (t, 2H; J=5.9), 3.88 (q, 2H, J=5.9), 2.07 (qn, 2H, J=5.9).
Step D
4-(3 -Bromo-propoxy)-biphenyl
Figure imgf000198_0002
To a solution of 3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propan-l-ol (1.00 g, 4.38 mmol) in CH2C12 (20 mL) at 0°C was added triphenylphosphine (1.61 g, 6.14 mmol) and carbon teteabromide (1.81 g, 5.47 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 1 hour, and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with H20 (3 x 50 mL) and brine (3 x 25 L), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate, 9:1) to produce 4-(3- bromo-propoxy)-biphenyl (1.22 g, 95%). 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 5 7.57- 7.29 (ra, 7H), 6.98 (dd, 2H, J=6.72, 1.88), 4.15 (t, 2H, J=5.92), 3.62 (t, 2H, J=6.44), 2.34 (qn, 2H, J=5.92). Step E
3 - {4-[3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -3 -methoxy-phenyl } -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000199_0001
To a solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 132, Step A) (0.080 g, 0.31 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added 4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-biphenyI (Example 132, Step D) (0.101 g, 0.35 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.115 g, 0.945 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred at 85°C overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (10 mL), and water (10 mL) was added. The organic layer was washed with water (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried (MgS04), and concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate, 7:3) to produce 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propiomc acid ethyl ester (0.086 g, 59%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz,
CDC13): δ 7.57-7.26 (m, 7H), 6.98 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.87-6.73 (m, 3H), 4.25-4.17 (m, 6H), 3.91 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 5.6), 3.83 (s5 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.97-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.31 (qn, 2H, J=5.9), 1.24 (t, 3H, J=7.3).
Step F
3-(4-[3-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy -ρropoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3- methoxy-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester following the hydrolysis procedure described in Example 130, Step C. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ
7.56-7.25 (m, 7H), 6.97 (d5 2H, J=8.9), 6.89-6.79 (m, 3H), 5.07 (b, IH), 4.17 (q, 4H,
J=5.6), 3.95 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 3.5), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.11-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.28
(qn, 2H, J=6.2). Example 133
2-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxy-4-[3-('4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-prorJθxy1-phenyl'i--propionic acid
Figure imgf000200_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described for Example 132 (Steps A-E). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.32-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.06-6.75 (ra, 10H), 4.16 (q, 4H, J=6.2), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.8, 4.3), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.08 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.0), 2.94 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.8); 2.27 (qn, 2H, J=6.2).
Example 134
C2SV3-(4-[3-('Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyll,-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000200_0002
Step A 2S)-3-(3-Chloro-4-hvdroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000200_0003
To a solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.113 g, 0.5 mmol) in CH3CN (3 mL) cooled to 0°C, N-chlorosuccinimide (0.067 g, 0.5 mmol,) was added in various portions. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 8 hours. The mixture "was concenfrated under vacuum, and the resulting oil was washed with CC1 (4 mL). The precipitate which formed was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to give a mixture of 3-(3- chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and 3-(3,5- Dichloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester as a brown oil which was purified by ultraviolet-directed HPLC. A colorless oil was obtained (0.020 g, 14%). !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.18 (d, IH, J=2.15), 7.02 (dd, IH, J=8.32, 2.15), 6.91 (d, IH, J=8.32), 4.18 (q, 2H, J=7.25), 3.88 (dd, IH, J=7.24, 5.62), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.92 (dd, 2H, J=6.31, 2.42), 1.24 (t, 3H, J=7.2).
Step B (2SV-3 -•{ 4- f3 -f Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy1-3 -chloro-phenyl r-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000201_0001
3-(3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.020 g, 0.077 mmol) was dissolved in CH3CN (3 mL) and 4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-biphenyl (Example 132, Step D), (0.025 g 0.085 mmol) and K2C03 (0.032 g, 0.23 mmol) were added. The mixture was heated to 85°C and stirred for 5 hours. After cooling, water (2 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted in EtOAc (3 x 10 mL), washed with H20 (2 x 5 mL) and brine (2 5 mL). The organic layer was dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 9: 1) to produce 3-i 4- [3- (Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl r-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.017 mg, 48%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.57-7.24 (m, 9H), 7.02- 6.89 (m, 3H), 4.28-4.12 (m, 5H), 3.89 (dd, IH, 7=7.24, 5.62), 3.62 (t, IH, J=6.44), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.93 (dd, 2H, J=6.31, 2.42), 2.32 (qn, 2H, J=5.10), 1.25 (t, 3H, J=7.2).
Ste C
(2S) 3- 4-[3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl r-2-methoxy-proρionic acid The title compound was prepared as follows: 3-ϊ 4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]- 3-chloro-phenyl -2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.017 g, 0.037 mmol) was dissolved in 0.25 M ethanolic NaOH solution (0.3 mL, 0.075 mmol). The mixture was stirred 16 hours at room temperature and water was added. The aqueous layer was extracted with Et20 (3 x 5 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified to pH=l with 1 N HCl and extracted with Et20 (5 x 10 L). The organic layer was dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound as a yellow oil (0.006 mg, 38%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.57-7.25 (m, 9H), 7.0-6.86 (m, 3H), 4.23 (q, 4H, J=6.18), 3.96 (dd, IH, J=7.24, 4.28), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.06 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.28), 2.92 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.24), 2.32 (qn, 2H, J=5.92).
Example 135
3-(3-Chloro-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000202_0001
The title compound was prepared as a same manner in Example 134, but using 4-(3- bromopropoxy)-l-phenoxybenzene as material for the coupling reaction.
Example 136
'3-{4-[3-r4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000202_0002
The title compound was prepared as a same manner in Example 134, but using [4- (3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-phenyl-methanoneas material for the coupling reaction.
Example 137
3-{4-[3-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3.5-dichloro-pheny -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000203_0001
Step A
3-f3.5-Dichloro-4-hvdroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propiorιic acid ethyl ester To a solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.113 g, 0.5 mmol) in CH3CN (3 mL) cooled to 0°C, N-chlorosuccinimide (0.067 g, 0.5 mmol,) was added in various portions. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 8 hours. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum, and the resulting oil was washed with CC1 (4 mL). The precipitate which formed was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to give a mixture of 3-(3- chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and 3-(3,5- Dichloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester as a brown oil which was purified by ultraviolet-directed HPLC .
Step B
3-{4-[3-("Biphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy]-3.5-dichloro-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared starting from compound from Step A and using the same procedure as in 0. Example 138 3-(4-f3-CBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-fluoro-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000204_0001
Step A 2-(3 -Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenylV[ 1.3 ] -dioxolane
Figure imgf000204_0002
A solution of 3-fluoro-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (463 mg, 3 mmol), ethylene glycol (0.86 mL, 15 mmol) and PPTs (75 mg, 0.3 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) was heated at reflux with aceotropic removal of water for 6 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was diluted with methylene chloride (20 mL), washed with water (2x10 mL) and dried (MgS0 ). Concentration produced 2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy- phenyl)-[l,3]-dioxolane as a colorless oil (550 mg, 92%). Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.24-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.92 (t, IH, J=8.5), 5.71 (s, IH), 4.10-3.98 (m, 4H), 3.86 (s, 3H).
Step B 4-[1.3]Dioxolan-2-yl-2-fluoro-phenol
Figure imgf000204_0003
A solution of 2-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-[l,3]-dioxolane (250 mg, 1.26 mmol) and Sodium thiomethoxide (106 mg, 1.51 mmol) in dry NN-dimethylfonnarnide (3.5 mL) was heated at 100°C under nitrogen for 4 hours. Then a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (15 mL) was added and the aqueous layer extracted with methylene chloride (4x10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2S0 ), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 7:3) to produce 4-[l,3]dioxolan-2-yl-2-fluoro-phenol as a pale brown oil (120 mg, 52%). -NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.24-7.01 (r , 2H), 6.88 (t, 1H, J= 8.4), 6.07 (sa, IH), 5.71 (s, IH), 4.13-3.95 (m, 4H).
Step C
3 -Fluoro-4-hvdroxy-benzaldehyde
Figure imgf000205_0001
A solution of IN HCl (1 mL) and 4-[l,3]dioxolan-2-yl-2-fluoro-phenol (250 mg,
1.35 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was stirred, at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with methylene chloride (4x10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 1 : 1) to produce 3-Fluoro-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde as a white solid (180 mg, 95%). lB-
NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 9.84 (d, IH, J=2.4), 7.68-7.59 (m, 2H), 7.15 (t, IH,
J=8.5), 6.5 (sa, IH).
Step D
4-[3 -( Biphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy] -3 -fluoro-benzaldehyde
Figure imgf000205_0002
Potassium tert-butoxide (198 mg, 1.76 mmol) was added, at 0°C, to a Solution of 3- Fluoro-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (235 mg, 1.68 mmol) in dry N,N- dimethylformamide (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. 4-(3-Bτomo- propoxy)-biphenyl (example 23, Step D) (539 mg, 1.84 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. The mixture was diluted with water (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (4x15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2S0 ), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to produce a solid which was washed with hexanes to produce 4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)- ρropoxy]-3-fluoro-benzaldehyde as a pale brown solid (490 mg, 83%). !H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 9.83 (d, 1H, J=2.2), 7.64-7.23 (m, 9H), 7.09 (t, IH, J=8.2), 6.96 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 4.32 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.21 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 2.35 (qn, 2H, J=5.9).
Step E
3-{4-[3- Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-fluoro-phenyl}-3-hidroxy-2 -methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000206_0001
To a solution of sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide IN (0.71 mL, 0.71 mmol)in dry THF (5 mL), was added dropwise methyl methoxyacetate (57 μL, 0.57 mmol) at - 78°C. The solution was stirred for 1 hour. 4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3- fluoro-benzaldehyde (220 mg, 0.626 mmol) was added and the mixture warmed to 0°C and stirred for 3 additional hours. The mixture was quenched with IN HCl (2 mL), diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (4 X 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2S0 ), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 7:3) to produce 3- {4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-fluoro-phenyl} -3-hidroxy-2- methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester as a colourless oil (62 mg, 24%). 1H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.55-7.25 (m, 8H), 7.15-6.89 (m, 5H), 4.91-4,79 (m, IH), 4.24-4.18 (m, 4H), 3.92 and 3.81 (2d, IH, J=5.86 and 5.48), 3.67 and 3.64 (2s, 3H), 3.40 and 3.36 (2s, 3H), 3.01 and 2.94 (2d, IH, J=5.12 and 5.12), 2.29 (qn, 2H, J=5.9). Step F
3 - {4- [3 -( Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -3 -fluoro-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000207_0001
Trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.056 mL, 0.395 mmol) and pyridine (0,048 mL, 18.9 mmol) were added to a solution of 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-fluoro- phenyl}-3-hidroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (90 mg, 0.197 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature and quenched with IN HCl (10 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous extracted with methylene chloride (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were evaporated and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL). 10% palladium on carbon (90 rag) was added to the solution and mixture was stirred under hydrogen pressure (5 atm) for 16 hours, filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 4:1) to produce 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3- fluoro-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester as a colorless oil (40 mg, 46%). 1H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.58-7.49 (m, 4H), 7.46-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.24 (m, IH), 7.01-6.90 (m, SS), 4.22 (t, 4H, J=5.9), 3.93 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.3), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 2.97-2.92 (ra, 2H), 2.31 (qn, 2H, J=5.9).
Step G
3-14- [3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -3 -fluoro-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3- fluoro-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester following the Standard
Procedure E: white solid (38mg, 98%). !H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.58-7.49 (m, 4H), 7.46-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.24 (m,lH), 7.01-6.90 (m, 5H), 4.23 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.22 (t, 2H. J=5.9), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.4, 4.4), 3.4 (s, 3H), 3.12-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.31 (qn, 2H, J=5.9).
Example 139 3-{4-[3-('Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy1-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000208_0001
Step A 3-Bromo-4-hvdroxy-benzaldehvde
Figure imgf000208_0002
A solution of bromine (0.88 mL, 17.18 mmol) in chloroform (20 mL) was added dropwise at room temperature to a solution of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2 g, 16.36 mmol) in chloroform (40 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 hour at room temperature and 1 more hour at 40°C. A saturated solution of NaHC03 (30 mL) was added and the organic layer separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (3 x 20 mL). Thee combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO ), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, methylene chloride-methanol 98:2) to affored 3- Bromo-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde as a white solid (1.1 g, 34%). Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 9.80 (s, IH), 8.02 (d, IH, J=1.8), 7.75 (dd, IH, J=8.4, 1.8), 7.12 (d, lH, J=8.4), 6.19 (s, IH).
Step B
4-Benzyloxy-3 -bromo-benzaldehyde
Figure imgf000209_0001
3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (1.9 g, 9.45 mmol) was added slowly, at 0°C, to a suspension of NaH 95% (290 mg, 11.34 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (45 mL). The mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours. Benzyl chloride (1.3 mL, 11.34 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at room temperature overnight. IN HCl (40 mL) was added and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether (5x50 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried (Νa2SO ), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 9:1) to produce 4-Benzyloxy-3-bromo-benzaldehyde as a white solid (2.47 g, 90%). !H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 9.82 (s, IH), 8.09 (d, IH, J=1.8), 7.76 (dd, IH, J=8.4, 1.8), 7.47-7.32 (rn, 5H), 7.02 (d, IH, J=8.4), 5.24 (s, 2H).
Step C
4-Benzvloxy -3 -trifluoromethyl-benzaldehvde
Figure imgf000209_0002
Methyl 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)-acetate (1.25 mL, 9.78 mmol) was added to a suspension of dry Cul (745 mg, 3.91 mmol) and 4-Benzyloxy-3-bromo- benzaldehyde (570 mg, 1.96 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL). The mixture was stirred under nitrogen at 120°C for 6 hours in a sealed tube. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with water (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether (4x20 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried (Νa2SO ), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 9: 1) to produce 4- Benzyloxy-3-trifluoromethyl-benzaldehyde as a white solid (120 mg, 22%). 1H- NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 9.88 (s, IH), 8.11 (d, IH, J=1.8), 7.98 (dd, IH, J=8.6, 1.8), 7.44-7.31 (m, 5H), 7.14 (d, IH, J=8.6), 5.27 (s, 2H). Step D
3-(4-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester
FgC O O-CH3
CH3 To a solution of sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide IN (0.8 mL, 0.8 mmoI)in THF (4 mL), was added dropwise methyl methoxyacetate (0.066 mL, 0.66 mmol) at -78°C. After allowing the mixture to stir for 1 hour, 4-Benzyloxy-3-trifluoromethyl- benzaldehyde (185 mL, 0.66 mmol) was added dropwise. When the addition was finished the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 3 additional hours. Trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.28 mL, 1.98 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL). 10% palladium on carbon (200 mg) was added to the solution and the mixture stirred under hydrogen pressure (5 atm) for 16 hours, filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 4:1) to produce 3-(4- hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester as a white solid (72 mg, 40%). !H-NMR ((CD3)2CO, 200.15 MHz): δ 9.65 (b, IH), 8.02 (d, IH, J=1.8), 7.87 (dd, 1H, J=8.4, 1.8), 7.08 (d, 1H,J=8.4), 6.90 (s, IH), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H).
Step E
3-{4-[3-Cbiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000210_0001
Potassium tert-butoxide (15 mg, 0.13 mmol) was added at 0°C to a solution of 3-(4- hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (35 mg, 0.126 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (0.6 mL). The mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours and 4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-biphenyl (example 23, Step D) (45 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred for 6 hours at room temperature and quenched with a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (10 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with methylene chloride (5x10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (Νa2S04), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 8:2) to produce 3 - {4- [3 -(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -3 -trifluoromethyl-phenyl} -2- methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester as a colorless oil (35 mg, 57%). H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 8.00 (d, IH, J=1.6), 7.89 (dd, IH, J=8.6, 1.6), 7.46-7.26 (m, 7H), 7.05-6.93 (m, 4H), 4.33-4.20 (m, 4H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.33 (qn, 2H, J=5.9).
Step F
3 - (4- [3 -f biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -3 -trifluoromethyl-phenyl} -2-methoxy-acrylic acid
Figure imgf000211_0001
The title compound was prepared 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3- trifluoromethyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (35 mg, 0.072 mmol) following the Standard Procedure E: white solid (31mg, 92%). -NM (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 8.02 (d, IH, J=1.8), 7.88 (dd, IH, J=8.6, 1.8), 7.57-7.28 (m, 7H), 7.08-6.96 (m, 4H), 4.35-4.21 (m, 4H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 2.34 (qn, 2H, J=5.8).
Step G
3-(4- 3-rbiphenyl-4-yloxy -proρoxy]-3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid The title compound was prepared as follows: A mixture of 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4- yloxy)-propoxy]-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-acrylic (20 mg, 0.041 mmol) and magnesium (20 mg, 0.82 mmol) in methanol (1 L) was stirred at room temperature for 80 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with IN HCl (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (5x10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 ), filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl}- 2-methoxy-proρionic acid as a white solid (7 mg, 35%). 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.57-7.32 (ra, 9H), 7.00-6.95 (m, 3H), 4.27-4.19 (r , 4H), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.16-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.31 (qn, 2H, J=5.8).
Example 140
(2S)-3-{6-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-4'-methoxy-biphenyl-3-yl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000212_0001
Step A
(4-Hvdroxy-3-iodide- -2 -methoxy dihidrocinnamic acid
Figure imgf000212_0002
(4-Hydroxy)-2-methoxy dihydrocinnamic acid (1 g, 4.4 mmol) was dissolved in 30 mL of CH3CN and cooled to -20°C. NIS was added (0.99 g, 4.43 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 8 hours. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum and the crude oil was washed with CCL; with formation of a white solid. The solid was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography (silica gel, dichloromethane/MeOH 0.5%) Yellow oil (924 mg, 60%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.49 (d, IH, J=2), 7.04 (dd, IH, J=2, 8.2), 6.80 (d, IH, J=8.2), 6.03 (bs, IH), 4.17 (q, 2H, J=7.2), 3.88 (dd,lH, J=5.6, 7), 3.33 (s, 3H), 2.88 (dd, 2H, 7=2.4, 5.0), 1.21 (t, 3H, J=7.2)
Steo B 2S)-3-(6-Hydroxy-4'-methoxy-biphenyl-3-yl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000213_0001
A solution of (2S)(4-Hydroxy-3-iodide-)-2~methoxy dihidrocinnamic acid (197 mg, 0.56 mmol), 4-methoxyphenyl boronic acid (170.7 mg, 1.12 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium (0) (8.7 mg, 0.5 mmol) in 11 mL of a mixture 20:1 toluene/ethanol together with 2 mL of a 2N Na2C03 was heated to 120° for 16 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and dilute with ethyl acetate (20 mL). It was washed with H20 (3 x 5mL) and brine (3 x 5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 ), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The resultant crude was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 8:2). Colorless oil (123 mg, 67%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.39 (dd, 2H, J=2.1, 6.4), 7.08-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.97 (dd, 2H, J=2.1, 6.7), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=1.3, 7.5), 5.60 (s, IH), 4.17 (q, 2H, J=7.0), 3.95 (dd, IH, J=5.9, 6.4), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.97 (d, 2H, J=6.4), 1.22 (t, 3H, J=7.2)
Step C
(2S)-3-{6-[3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-4'-methoxy-biphenyl-3-yl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000214_0001
3-{6-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-4'-methoxy-biphenyl-3-yl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester was prepared following the Standard Procedure B (THF). The residue was purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 8:2). White solid (13 mg, 17%). 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.57 (m, 10H), 7.14 (dd, 2H, J=2.1, 7.8), 6.94-6.87 (m, 4H), 4.24-4.04 (m, 6H), 3.94 (dd,lH, 7=5.9, 6.9), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.99 (d, 2H, J=6.9), 2.18 (qn, 2H, 7=5.9), 1.22 (t, 3H, 7=7.2).
Ste D 2S)-3-{6-[3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-4'-methoxy-biphenyl-3-y -2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in example 25
(Step C). XH-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.57-6.87 (m, 16 H), 4.15 (t, 2H, 7=6.1), 4.07 (t, 2H, 7=6.1), 4.01 (dd, IH, 7=7.2, 4.5), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.13
(dd, IH, 7=4.5, 14.4), 2.99 (dd, IH, 7=7.1, 14.4), 2.21 (qn, 2H, 7=5.9).
Example 141
3-l6-|'3-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy')-propoxy]-4'-fluoro-biphenyl-3-yl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000214_0002
The title compound was prepared as in Example 140, with 4-fluorophenyl boronic acid. !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.57-6.87 ( , 16 H), 4.15 (t, 2H, 7=5.9), 4.04 (t, 2H, 7=5.9), 4.02 (dd, IH, 7=7.2, 4.5), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, 7=4.5, 14.2), 3.00 (dd, IH, 7=7.5, 14.2), 2.17 (qn, 2H, 7=5.9).
Example 142
3-{6-[3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxyypropoxy]-[l. :4'.l"] terphenyl-3-yπ-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000215_0001
The title compound was prepared as in Example 140, with 4-phenylphenyl boronic acid.
Example 143
3-(6-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy]-2'-methoxy-biphenyl-3-yl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000215_0002
The title compound was prepared as in Example 140, with 2-methoxyphenyl boronic acid. Example 144
2-Methoxy-3-(6-[3-('4-phenoxy-phenoxy -propoxy1-[l.r:4'.l"]terphenyl-3-yl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000216_0001
The title compound was prepared as in Example 140, with 4-diphenyl boronic acid.
Example 145
3-(4-r3-f4-Benzoyl-phenoxyVpropoxy]-3-styryl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000216_0002
The title compound was prepared as in Example 140, with trans-2-phenyIvinyl boronic acid
Example 146
3-(4-(3-[4-(Hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-3-phenethyl-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000217_0001
A solution of 3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-styryl-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 145, was dissolved in ethanol and treated with H2 under balloon pressure. Filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated to dryness. The compound thus obtained was treated under standard hydrolysis procedure C to give the title compound.
Example 147
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-ρropoxy]-3-phenethyl-phenyl|-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000217_0002
The title compound was obtained as a secondary product of the reduction of 3- {4- [3- (4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-styryl-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (from Example 145) as in Example 146, and was hydrolyzed under the standard hydrolysis procedure C to afford the product.
Example 148
(2S)-3-{3-Allyl-4-[3-f4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000218_0001
Step A
(2S)-3-(3-Allyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000218_0002
To a solution of 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (1 eq) in acetone, K2C03 (2 eq) and allyl bromide (1.2 eq) were added and the mixture reaction was stirred at 55°C over night. Quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried (MgSO ) and concentrated to give 3-(4- allyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester. This crude product was dissolved in Me2NPh and heated to reflux for 6 hours and then stirred at room temperature over 3 days. Refluxed again for 8 hours and then poured into and ice- cold HCl IM solution, extracted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. Dried and concentrated to give a crude product wliich was purified by cliromatography to give the title product.
Ste B f2S)-3-{3-Allyl-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxyVpropoxy1-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000218_0003
(2S)-3-(3-AUyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Step A was allowed to react with 4-(3-bromopropoxy)-l-phenoxybenzene under the Standard Procedure I to give the title compound.
Step C
(2S)-3-(3-Allyl-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
(2S)-3-{3-Allyl-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-proρoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Step B was hydrolyzed under the standard hydrolysis procedure C to afford the product.
Example 149 r2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-propyl-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000219_0001
A solution of (2S)-3- {3-Allyl-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester, from Example 148, Step B, was dissolved in ethanol and treated with H2 under balloon pressure. Filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated to dryness. The compound thus obtained was treated under standard hydrolysis procedure C to give the title compound.
Example 150 3-(4-[3-(Εiphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy]-2-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-acrylic acid
Figure imgf000219_0002
Step A 4-Triisopropylsilanyloxy-benzaldehyde
Figure imgf000220_0001
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3 g, 24.57 mmol), triisopropylsilyl chloride (5.52 mL, 25.79 mmol) and imidazol (2g, 29.48 mmol) were dissolved in 60 mL of DMF and the solution stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (120 mL) was added to the solution and the mixture exfracted with diethyl ether (3 x 50 mL). The combined extracts were washed with water (5 x 30 mL), saturated ammonium chloride (2 x 30 mL) and brine (20 mL) and dried (MgSO ). Concentration produced an oil that was purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/Ethyl acetate 20:1, Rf 0.4) (75 %>). Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 9.85 (s, IH), 7.75 (d, 2H, 7=8.8), 6.95 (d, 2H, 7=8.4), 1.31-1.20 (m, 3H), 1.10 (s, 18H).
Step B 2-Methvl-4-friisoproϋvlsilanvloxv-benzaldehvde
Figure imgf000220_0002
To a solution of trimethylethylenediamine (0.45 mL, 3.48 mmol) in THF (9 mL) at - 20°C was added Butyllithium 1.6M in hexanes (2.11 mL, 3.38 mmol). The solution was stirred at-20°C for 15 min. A solution of 4-Triisopropylsilanyloxy- benzaldehyde (0.922 g, 3.31 mmol) was added dropwise and the solution stirred for 15 min at-20°C. Butyllithium 1.6M in hexanes (6.21 ml, 9.93 mmol) was added dropwise and the solution kept in the freezer at -20°C for 26 hours. The solution was cooled to -40°C and methyl iodide (3.71 mL, 59.60 mmol) was added. The solution was allowed to reach room temperature and further stirred 30 min. The reaction was quenched with saturaded ammonium chloride (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgS0 ), concentrated under vacuum and purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/Ethyl acetate 20:1, R 0.085) (49%). Η-NMR (CDCI3, 200.15 MHz): δ 10.1 (s, IH), 7.69 (d, IH, 7=8.3), 6.80 (dd, 1H,7=8.6, 2.4), 6.72 (s, IH), .61 (s, 3H), 1.33- 1.19 (m, 3H), 1.12 (s,18H).
Step C
3-{4-f3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000221_0001
Methyl 2-methoxyacetate (0.450 mL, 4.53 mmol) was added to a solution of NaHDMS (4.74 mmol) in 40 mL of THF cooled to -78°C. The mixture was stirred at -78°C for 30 min and then a solution of 2-Methyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy- . benzaldehyde (1.26 g, 4.3 mmol) in 20 mL of THF was added dropwise. The solution was allowed to warm to 0°C and stirred for 2.5 hours. The mixture was quenched with HCl IN (50 mL) at 0°C, extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 40 mL), dried (MgSO ) and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in dichlorometane (50 mL) and cooled to 0°C. To the solution was added trifluoroacetic anhidride (0.82 mL, 5.84 mmol), N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (0,025 g, 0.21 mmol), and pyridine (0.379 mL, 4.59 mmol). And stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The volatiles were eliminated under vacuum and the residue dissolved in 100 mL of ethyl acetate. Palladium 10% on activated carbon (0.9 g) was added and the mixture hydrogenated at room temperature (5 Atm H2) for 14 hours. The solution was filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column cliromatography (silica gel, hexanes/Ethyl acetate 3:1) the fractions with R 0.08 were collected and concentrated under vacuum (0.249 g containing 3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyI)-2- methoxy-acrylic acid c.a. 85% pure by NMR). The residue was added to a solution of 4-(3-Brpmo-propoxy)-biphenyl (example 23, Step D) (0.359 g, 1.23 mmol), sodium iodide (0.05 g) and potassium tert-butoxide (126 mg, 1.12 mmol) in 5 mL of dimethylformamide. The solution was stirred at room temperature 24 hours, diluted with water and extracted with diethylether (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (5 x 30 ml), dried (MgSO ) and concenfrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexane:ethyl acetate 6:1, Rf 0.22). (0.18 mg, 10%). Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.98 (d, IH, J=8.6), 7.57-7.25 (m, 7H), 7.16 (s, IH); 6.98 (dd, J=6.7, 2.1), 6.80- 6.76 (m, 2H), 4.20 (t, 4H, J=5.9), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.29 (t, 2H, J=6.2).
Ste D
3-(4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methyl-phenv -2-methoxy-acrylic acid The title compound was prepared from 3- {4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2- methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester following the general procedure B. 1H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.97 (d, IH, J=8.4), 7.55-7.47 (m, 4H), 7.43-7.27 (m, 4H), 6.96 (dd, 2H, J=6.6, 2.2), 6.79-6.75 (m, 2H), 4.19 (t, 4H, J=6.2), 3.69 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.27 (t, 2H, J=6.2).
Example 151
3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000222_0001
Step A 3- {4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000223_0001
Magnesium turnings (0.101 g, 4.17 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-{4-[3- (Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (Example 37, Step C) (0.09 g, 0.21 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) and diethyl ether (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then quenched with HCl 3N until pH 7. A saturated solution of ammonium chloride (10 L) was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl ether (3 10 mL). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ) and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (Silica Gel, hexanes/Ethyl acetate 4.5:1, Rf 0.31) (48%). 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.57-7.29 (ra, 7H), 7.07 (d, IH, J=8.1); 6.98 (dd, 2H, J=6.7, 2.1), 6.73 (s, IH); 6.71 (d, IH, J=11.8); 4.18 (dt, 4H, J=9.7, 6.2), 3.91 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 6.2), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.97 (d, 2H, J=6.4), 2.31 (s, 3H); 2.27 (t, 2H, J=6.2).
Step B
3- j4-[3-f Biρhenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methyl-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2- methyl-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester following the general procedure B. (71%). !H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.55-7.27 (m, 7H); 7.09 (d, IH, 7=8.1); 6.96 (d, 2H, 7=9.2); 6.71-6.67 (m, 2H); 4,15 (dt, 4H, 7=9.1, 6.2); 3.92 (dd, IH, 7=8.4, 4.4); 3.31 (s, 3H); 3.08 (dd, IH, 7=14.6, 4.4); 2.93 (dd, IH, 7=14.3, 8.4); 2.30 (s, 3H); 2.25 (qn, 2H, 7=6.2).
Example 152 3-{3-[3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000224_0001
Step A
3-(3-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2 -methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000224_0002
To a solution of NaHMDS (1.1 eq) in dry THF at -78°C a mixture of 3-benzyloxy- benzaldehyde (1 eq) and methoxy-acetic acid methyl ester (1.25 eq) in THF were added dropwise and the mixture reaction at this temperature over 1.5 hours. Then the reaction was quenched with HCl 3N and allowed to rise room temperature. Washed with brine and extracted with ether. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to dryness to give after chromatography in silicagel the title product.
Step B
3-(3-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000224_0003
A mixture of 3-(3-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-ρropionic acid methyl ester (1 eq), mesylchloride (1 eq) triethylamine (4 eq) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (0.1 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ether and washed with HCl IN. Dried and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was chromatographed in silicagel to yield the title compound. Step C
3-(3-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000225_0001
Compound from Step B was dissolved in methanol and treated with magnesium. The flask was placed in an ice bath for 5 min and then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Washed with HCl 3N and extracted with ether. Dry and concentrated to dryness to get the title compound.
Step D 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000225_0002
A solution of 3-(3-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester in methanol was treated with a catalytic amount of C-Pd (0.1 eq) and then H2 was bubbled through the mixture and stirred overnight. The mixture reaction was concentrated and reconstituted in ethyl acetate, filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound.
Step E 3-(3-[3-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
A mixture of 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (1 eq) from Step D, Cesium Carbonate (3 eq) and 4-(3-bromopropoxy)biphenyl (1 eq) in DMF and in a 10 mL tube was shaked in an orbital agitator over a weekend. The mixture was filtered through a hydrofobic syringer and evaporated in a speed- vac apparatus. Then diluted with NaOH IN-Ethanol and stirred overnight. Then HCl 3N was added and the reaction mixture was concentrated to remove the ethanol in vacuo, reconstituted in dichloromethane and filtered through a hydrofobic syringe. The organic layer was evaporated to give the title compound. MS (ES) for C25H26θ5 [M+NH4f : 424.2, [M+Na]+: 429.2. !H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.57-7.17 (m, 9H), 6.98 (dd, 2H, J=6.7, 1.9), 6.84-6.81 (m, 3H), 4.19 (dd, 4H, J=14.0, 6.4), 4.03 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.98 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 7.5), 2.28 (qui, 2H, J=5.9)ppm.
Example 153
'2-Methoxy-3-{3-[3-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000226_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-ρropionic acid methyl ester from Example 152, Step D with 4-(3-bromopropoxy)l- , phenoxybenzene in a manner analogous as in Example 152, Step E. MS (ES) for C25H2606 [M+NH4]+: 440.2, [M+Naf: 445.2. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.33-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.07-6.78 (m, 10H), 4.15 (dt, 4H, J=1.9, 6.2), 4.03 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.98 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 7.5), 2.25 (qui, 2H, J=5.9)ppm.
Example 154
3-{3-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000226_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester from Example 152, Step D with [4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]- phenyl-methanone in a manner analogous as in Example 152, Step E. MS (ES) for C26H26O6 [M+H]+: 435.2, [M+Naf :457.2. 1H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.83- 7.72 (m, 4H), 7.56-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.21 (dd, 2H, J=9.1, 7.0), 6.97 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 6.82 (d, IH, J=14.2), 6.82 (s, 2H), 4.25 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 4.16 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.02 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.3), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.12 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 4.3), 2.98 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.5), 2.29 (qui, 2H, J=5.9).
Example 155 2-Methoxy-3- {3-[5-f4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pent-l -ynyl] -phenyl I -propionic acid
Figure imgf000227_0001
Step A
2-Methoxy-3-r3-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000227_0002
The title compound was prepared using the same procedure as in Example 1, Step A starting from 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester.
Ste B 3-[3-(5-Hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyll-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000227_0003
The title compound was prepared from 4-butyn-l-ol following the procedure described in Example 1, Step B.
Step C
3-[3-f5-Bromo-pent-l-vnylVphenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000228_0001
To a solution of 3-[3-(5-Hydroxy-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester, and CBr4 dissolved in dichloromethane at 0°C, triphenylphosphine was added and the mixture reaction was stirred at room temperature over 5 hours. The reaction then was diluted with water and extracted with ether. Chromatographied to give the title compound.
Step D
2-Methoxy-3-(3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000228_0002
A mixture of 3-[3-(5-Bromo-pent-l-ynyl)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (1 eq), 4-phenoxyphenol (1 eq) and Cesium carbonate (3 eq), in DMF was stirred overnight. Then diluted in water and extracted with ether to give after dry in vacuo the title compound.
Step E
2-Methoxy-3-{3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pent-l-vnyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid The title compound was prepared following the Standard Hydrolysis Procedure C and starting from 2-Methoxy-3-{3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}~ propionic acid methyl ester from Step D. MS (ES) for C27H26O5 [M+NH4f : 448.2, [M+Naf :453.2. JH-NMR (CDCI3, 200.15 MHz): 7.33-7.17 (m, 7H), 7.07-6.88 (m, 7H), 4.11 (t, 2H, J=6.2), 4.00 (dd, IH, 3=7.5, 4.0), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.11 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 4.3), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.8), 2.63 (t, 2H, J=7.0), 2.08 (qui, 2H, J=6.7).
Example 156 2-Methoxy-3-{3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pentyl]-phenyl}-proρionic acid
Figure imgf000229_0001
The title compound_was prepared from 2-Methoxy-3-{3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid of Example 155, Step E, and treated with Pd-C (0.1 eq) in ethyl acetate and H2. Filtered through celite and concentrated to give the compound. MS (ES) for C27H30O5 [M+H]+: 435.2, [M+NH4]+:452.2. *H-NMR (CDCU, 200.15 MHz): 7.34-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.09-6.84 (m, 10H), 4.02 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.6), 3.94 (t, 2H, J=6.5), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 4.3), 3.00 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 7.5), 2.63 (t, 2H, J=7.8), 1.88-1.45 (m, 6H)ppm.
Example 157
2-Methoxy-3-(3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-pentanoyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000229_0002
The title compound was prepared from 2-Methoxy-3~{3-[5-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl} -propionic acid methyl ester,(Example 155, Step D) and following the same procedure as in Example 57, and a standard hydrolysis procedure C to get the compound.
Example 158
3 - H-[3 -(3 -Allyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000229_0003
Step A 2-AUyl-4-phenoxy-phenol
Figure imgf000230_0001
To a solution-of 4-phenylphenol (1 eq) in acetone, K2CO3 (2 eq) and allyl bromide (1.2 eq) were added and the mixture reaction was stirred at 55°C overnight.
Quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried (MgSO ) and concentrated to give 4-allyloxybiphenyl. This crude product was dissolved in Me2NPh and heated to reflux for 6 hours and then stirred at room temperature over 3 days. Refluxed again for 8 hours and then poured into and ice- cold HCl IM solution, extracted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. Dried and concentrated to give a crude product which was purified by chromatography to give the title product.
Step B 3-(3-Allyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propan-l-ol
Figure imgf000230_0002
The product obtained in Step A (1.1 eq) was dissolved in THF and treated with t- BuOK (1.15 eq) and allowed to react for 2 hours. Then a solution of [l,3,2]Dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide (1.0 eq) was added and the mixture reaction was stirred overnight, quenched with HCl 6N and refluxed the reaction overnight. Extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine and concentrated to give the title compound.
Step C 3-{4-[3- 3-Allyl-biphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000231_0001
A solution of compound from Step B in dichloromethane was freated with CBr4 (1.12 eq) and PPh3 (1.4 eq) and allow to react for 1.5 hours. The product isolated after chromatography of this reaction was treated under Standard Procedure I with (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxypropionic acid ethyl ester to give the title compound.
Step D
3-{4-[3-(3-Allyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared by using the standard Hydrolysis Procedure (NaOH) C.
Example 159 f2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3- 3-propyl-biphenyl-4-yloxyi-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000231_0002
3-{4-[3-(3 -Allyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid from Example 158, Step D dissolved in ethyl acetate was treated with Pd(C) 10% under balloon pressure for 6 hours. Filtered through celite and concentrated to dryness to give the title compound. Example 160
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(2-AUyl-4-Thenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000232_0001
Step A 2-AUyl-4-phenoxy-phenol
Figure imgf000232_0002
The title compound was prepared in a same manner as in Example 158, Step A, starting from 4-phenoxyphenol.
Step B
2-(4-[3-('2-AllvT4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-3-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000232_0003
3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and 2-Allyl- 4-phenoxy-phenol from Step A were allowed to react under Standard Procedure I to give the title compound. Ste C
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(2-Allyl-4-phenoxy-phenoxy -propoxy]- phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared by using the standard Hydrolysis Procedure C (NaOH) to yield the compound.
Example 161
(2SV2-Methoxy-3-(4-[3-(4-phenoxy-2-propyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000233_0001
The title compound was prepared from 2-{4-[3-(2-AUyl-4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- propoxy]-phenyl}-3-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 160, Step B which was treated in ethyl acetate with Pd(C) and H2 in balloon presure to give after filtration the corresponding reduced product which was hydrolyzed under Standard Procedure C to give the title compound.
Example 162
3-(4- 3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000233_0002
Step A 4-Benzyloxy-3-methyl-benzaldehyde
Figure imgf000234_0001
A mixture of benzyl bromide and 4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde were treated under Standard Procedure I to give the title product.
Step B
3-("4-Benzyloxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-hvdroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000234_0002
To a solution of NaHMDS (1.1 eq) in dry THF at -78°C a mixtutre of 4-Benzyloxy- 3-methyl-benzaldehyde (1 eq) and Methoxy-acetic acid methyl ester (1.25 eq) in THF were added dropwise and the mixture reaction at this temperature over 1.5 hours. Then the reaction was quenched with HCl 3N and allowed to rise room temperature. Washed with brine and extracted with ether. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to dryness to give after chromatography in silicagel the title product.
Ste C
3-f4-Benzyloxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acrylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000234_0003
A mixture of 3-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (1 eq), Mesylchloride (1 eq) friethylamine (4 eq) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (0.1 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at room temperature over night. The reaction mixture was diluted with ether and washed with HCl IN. Dried and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was chromatographed in silicagel to yield the title compound.
Step D
3-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000235_0001
Compound from Step C was dissolved in methanol and treated with magnesium. The flask was placed in an ice bath for 5 min and then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Washed with HCl 3N and extracted with ether. Dry and concenfrated to dryness to get the title compound.
Step E
3 -f4-Hvdroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000235_0002
A solution of 3-(4-Benzyloxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester in ethyl acetate was treated with a catalytic amount of C-Pd (0.1 eq) and then H2 was bubbled through the mixture and stirred 2 hours. The mixture reaction was filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound.
Step F
('2S)-3-(4-[3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy -propoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000236_0001
A mixture of 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and from Step E and 4-(3-bromopropoxy)biphenyl were freated under standard condition I to give the title product.
Step G
3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from compound from Step F under Standard hydrolysis procedure C using NaOH.
Example 163
2-Methoxy-3-(3-methyl-4-[3-f4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000236_0002
Step A
2-Methoxy-3-{3-methyl-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000236_0003
A mixture of 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and from Example 162, Step E and 4-(3-bromopropoxy)phenoxyphenyl were treated under standard condition I to give the title product. Step B
The title compound was prepared from compound from Step A under Standard hydrolysis procedure C using NaOH.
Example 164
3 - (4- [3 -(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy] -3 -methyl-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000237_0001
Step A
3-|4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000237_0002
A mixture of 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and from Example 162, Step E and [4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-phenyl- methanone were freated under standard condition I to give the title product.
Step B
3-(4-r3- 4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from compound from Step A under Standard hydrolysis procedure C using NaOH.
Example 165 r2S)-3-{4-[3-(Dibenzofuran-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propiomc acid
Figure imgf000238_0001
Step A
3-("Dibenzofuran-2-yloxyVpropan-l-ol
Figure imgf000238_0002
A solution of 2-hydroxydibenzofurane, potassium tert-butoxide and [l,2,3]dioxathiane-2,2-dioxide were treated as the same manner as in Example 132, Step C, to give the title product.
Step B
2-f 3 -Bromo-propoxy dibenzofuran
Figure imgf000238_0003
Starting from compound of Step A and following the procedure described in Example 132, Step D we obtained the title compound.
Step C
3-l4- 3- Dibenzofuran-2-yloxy -propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000238_0004
A mixture of 2-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-dibenzofuran and (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2- methoxy propionic acid ethyl ester were allowed to react under the Standard Procedure I to give the title compound.
Step D
(2SV3-(4-[3-fDibenzofuran-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from Step C using the standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH).
Example 166
(2S)-3-[4- 3-{4-[(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxyimino-methyl]-phenoxy}-propoxy)- phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000239_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)- phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 95),and was freated under the same conditions as in Example 61, to give the title compound.
Example 167 (2S)-3-[4-r3-{4-[(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phenoxy}-propoxy)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000239_0002
Step A (2S)-3-[4- 3-{4-[ 4-Fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phenoxy}-propoxy)-phenyl -2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000240_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyI)- phenoxy] -propoxy }-phenyl)-2-methoxy-ρropionic acid ethyl ester (Example 95) which was dissolved in methanol and treated at 0°C with NaBHj (2 eq) for 6 hours. Washed with water and extracted with dichloromethane to give after purification by chromatography the title compound.
Step B
2S)-3-[4- 3-j4-[ 4-Fluoro-phenyπ-hvdroxy-methyl -phenoxy}-propoχy')-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from Step A by standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH).
Example 168 r21Sr)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-{3-[4-f4-piperidin-l-yl-benzoyl -phenoxy]-propoxy}-pheny - propionic acid
Figure imgf000240_0002
Step A (2)$)-2-Methoxy-3- 4-{3-[4-(4-piperidin-l-yl-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000240_0003
To a solution of (2ιS)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 95) in DMSO, piperydine (3 eq) was added and the mixture reaction was heated to 140°C for 2 days. The reaction was extracted with ethyl acetate and washed (several times) with water. Concentrated to dryness and chromatographied to give the title compound.
Step B f21Sr)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(,4-piperidin-l-yl-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid The title compound was prepared from Step A by standard hydrolysis procedure C (LiOH). MS (ES) for C3ιH35N06 [M+H]+: 518.
Example 169 (25r)-2-Methoxy-3-r4-|3-[4-(4-morpholin-4-yl-benzoyl)-phenoxy1-propoxy}- phenyP-propionic acid
Chiral
Figure imgf000241_0001
Step A
(2S -2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-morpholin-4-yl-benzoylVphenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyD-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000241_0002
To a solution of (2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 95) in DMSO, morpholyne (3 eq) was added and the mixture reaction was heated to 140°C for 2 days. The reaction was extracted with ethyl acetate and washed (several times) with water. Concentrated to dryness and chromatographed to give the title compound
StepJB f2>S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-(3-[4-('4-mo holin-4-yl-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)- phenyD-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from Step A by standard hydrolysis procedure C (LiOH). MS (ES) for C30H33NO7 [M+H]+: 520.
Example 170 f2^-3- 4-(3-[4-r4-Hvdroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000242_0001
A solution of (2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid (85 mg) (Example 95) and KOH (lOOmg) in chlorobenzene (0.3 ml) with water (1 ml) were heated in sealed tube at 200°C for 3 days. Extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated to dryness to give a crude product which was purified by chromatography to give the title compound. MS (ES) for C26H260
Figure imgf000242_0002
Example 171
2S-2-ιnethoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy1phenyl}propanoic acid sodium salt
Figure imgf000242_0003
Step 1: l-chloro-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)propane (a)
Figure imgf000243_0001
The compound of 4-phenoxyphenol (81.03g, 435.15mmol) was dissolved in 810 ml MEK at ambient temperature under Nitrogen. Powdered potassium carbonate (577.16g, 4,176.27mmol) was added followed by 1,3-dichloropropane (300.00g, 2,655.1 mmol), and the resulting solution was heated to reflux for 15.5 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature, filtered and washed with 750ml MEK. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give a crude orange liquid. The crude liquid was dissolved in 260ml absolute MeOH at ambient temperature and stirred 5minutes, which was then cooled in an ice/acetone/water bath for 1.5 hours. White precipitate was filtered off and washed with 480ml cold absolute MeOH. The white solid was collected and dried under vacuum at 30°C forlό hours to afford about 81.87g of compound (a).
Step 2: 2S-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]phenyl}propanoic acid sodium salt
DMF/DMSO
The compound (b) (10.9g, 50mmol) was dissolved in 50ml absolute ethanol at ambient temperature. Sodium methoxide (4.05g, 75mmol) was added all at once, and the resulting solution was heated to reflux for 30 minutes. The solution was cooled to 40°C and the compound (a) (15.72g, 75mmol) was added all at once followed by 50ml DMF and 50ml DMSO. The clear red solution was heated to reflux for 30 minutes, and cooled to ambient temperature. The ethanol was removed under vacuum at 60°C, and a mixture 100ml of water and 100ml MTBE was added. The top organic layer was separated and discarded. Fresh MTBE (100ml) was added and crystallization occurred. The biphasic slurry was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes, filtered and washed with 250ml MTBE. The white solid was dried under vacuum at 60°C for 16 hours to afford about 15.34g of the title compound.
Example 172 ("2S)-3- 4-C3 - (4-[Hvdroxyimino-f 4-hvdroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-phenoxy} -propoxy)- phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000244_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzoyl)- phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 170), and was . freated under the same conditions as in Example 61, to give the title compound. MS (ES) for C26H27N07 [M-H]-: 464.
Example 173 (2S)-3-{4-[3-(,4-Benzoyl-3-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ρropoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Chiral
Figure imgf000244_0002
Step A f2SV3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000244_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 171, Step B, and following the procedure described in Example 132, Step D we obtained the title compound. Ste B
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-3-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000245_0001
A mixture of (2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-ρropionic acid ethyl ester from Step A and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone were allowed to react under the Standard Procedure I to get to title compound.
Step C
(2S)-3-{4-[3-r4-Benzoyl-3-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from Step B by standard hydrolysis procedure C
(LiOH). MS (ES) for C26H2607 [M-H]-: 449.
Example 174
(2S)-3-r4-{3-[4-(2.4-Dimethoxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-proρoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000245_0002
Step A
3- 4-{3- 4-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzoyl')-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000246_0001
A mixture of (2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from 0, Step A and 2,4-dimethoxy-4'hydroxybenzophenone were allowed to react under the Standard Procedure I to get to title compound.
Step B
(2S)-3-f4-|3-[4-(2.4-Dimethoxy-benzoyD-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenylV2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from Step A by standard hydrolysis procedure C (LiOH). MS (ES) for C28H30O8 [M-H]": 493.
Example 175
3-{4-r3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000246_0002
Step A
3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000246_0003
A mixture of 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 130, Step A) and 3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-proρan-l-ol were treated under Mitsounobu coupling standard conditions B using DIAD and toluene. The product thus obtained was treated under Standard Procedure E for cleaveage protected alcohols to give the title product.
Ste B 3- 4-C3-Bromo-propoxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl1-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000247_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-3-methoxy- phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid and following the procedure described in Example 132, Step D we obtained the title compound.
Step C
3-(4-[3- 4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-3-methoxy- phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid and 4-benzylphenol following the Standard Procedure J. MS (ES) for C27H30O6 [M+NH4f : 468, [M+Naf: 473.
Example 176 G$V3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-isopropoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000247_0002
Step 1: A solution containing (5)-5-(4-benzyloxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl- [l,3]dioxolan-4-one (5)-3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid (2.0 g, 7.34 mmol), 2,2-dimethoxypropane (18.63 g, 0.179 mol) andpyrididium -toluene sulfonate (0.92 g, 3.66 mmol) in chloroform (80 mL) was heated to reflux for 40 mmutes under N2. The reaction was cooled, diluted with water and exfracted with CH2C12. The organic layer was dried (Na2S04) and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give crude product which was purified by a flash chromatography using 10:1 hexanes: acetone to afford about 2.01g (88%) of ( )-5-(4-benzyloxy-benzyl)- 2,2-dimethyl-[l,3]dioxolan-4-one. lB NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.43-7.29 (m, 5H), 7.17 (d, 2H, 7= 8.80 Hz), 6.91 (d, 2H, 7= 8.80 Hz), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.61 (dd, IH, 7= 6.36 Hz, 7= 4.40 Hz), 3.12 (dd, IH, 7= 14.67 Hz, 7= 4.40 Hz), 2.99 (dd, IH, 7 = 14.67 Hz, 7= 6.36 Hz), 1.49 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H). MS (ES"1) m/z exact mass calculated for Cι9H20O4 (M +NH4) 330. Found m/z 330.
Step 2: (5)-3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-isopropoxy-propionic acid
A -78°C solution of (.S -5-(4-benzyloxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-[l,3]dioxolan-4-one (0.20 g, 0.64 mmol) and triethylsilane (0.223 g, 1.92 mmol) in CH2C12 (8 mL) was freated dropwise with a 1 molar solution of T1CI4 in CH2C12 (0.64 mL, 0.64 mmol) under N2. The solution was stirred at -78 °C for 15 minutes and then quenched with water. The mixture was exfracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was dried
(Na2S02). The organic layer was filtered, and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give crude product which was purified by a flash chromatography using 5:1 hexanes: acetone to afford 0.171 g (85%) («S)-3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-isopropoxy- propionic acid. lH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.50 (bs, IH), 7.42-7.27 (m, 5H), 7.12 (d, 2H, J = 8.80 Hz), 6.88 (d, 2H, 7 = 8.80 Hz), 5.02 (s, 2H), 3.96 (dd, IH, 7= 7.83 Hz, 7= 4.89 Hz), 3.47 (hp, IH, 7 = 5.87 Hz), 2.83 (dd, IH, J= 13.69 Hz, 7 = 4.89 Hz), 2.71 (dd, 1H37= 13.69 Hz, 7= 8.31 Hz), 1.02 (d, 2H, 7 = 5.87 Hz), 0.86 (d, 2H, 7= 5.87 Hz). IR (KBr) 3012, 2977, 2931, 1767, 1722, 1610, 1511, 1380, 1240, 1116, 1020. HRMS (TOF ES") m/z exact mass calculated for Cι9H2]04 (M-l) 313.1440. Found m/z 313.1434. Example 176A
2S-2-isopropoxy-3-l4-r3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]phenyl}propanoic acid sodium salt
Figure imgf000249_0001
Scheme
Figure imgf000249_0002
fS)-3-f4-hydroxy-phenviy2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000249_0003
A solution of S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid (20 g, 100 mmol) in 3A ethanol (140 mL) was freated dropwise with concenfrated sulfuric acid (5.7 mL)) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was concentrated and water (110 mL) was added. Sodium bicarbonate was added to bring the pH to 7-8. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 20% NaCl solution (50 ml), dried (MgS0 ), filtered, and concentrated to a golden oil (18 g, 80%). H-NMR (CDCI3): 7.1(d, 2H); 6.7 (ά, 2H); 4.2(m, 2H); 3.9(m, IH); 3.6(s, 3H); 2.95(m, 2H); 1.25(1, 3H). MS (ES): 223.2 (M-1). (S)-3 -(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000250_0001
(<S)-2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid (121 g, 0.664 mol) (Wang et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 5501) in absolute EtOH (2L) was freated with potassium carbonate (184 g, 1.33 mol) and benzyl chloride 169 g, 1.34 mol). The mixture was heated at reflux overnight and concentrated to about half the volume under vacuum. Aqueous 5N NaOH (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight and then concenfrated. The residue was acidified with concentrated HCl. The yellow sold was collected by filfration and dried overnight under vacuum at 50°C. The crude product in isopropanol (1.8L) was heated at reflux for about 30 minutes, cooled to ambient temperature, and stirred for about 16 hours. The slurry was filtered and dried under vacuum at 70°C overnight to give the title compound as a white solid (137 g, 76%).
Step A: (5 -5-(4-benzyloxy-benzyl)-2.2-dnnethyl-[ 1 ,3]dioxolan-4-one (>S)-3-(4-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid (2.0 g, 7.34 mmol), 2,2- dimethoxypropane (18.63 g, 0.179 mol) and pyridinium -toluene sulfonate (0.92 g, 3.66 mmol) in chloroform (80 mL) was heated to reflux for 40 minutes under N2. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water, and exfracted with CH2C12. The organic layer was dried (Na2S0 ) and concentrated in vacuo to give crude product that was purified by flash chromatography using 10:1 hexanes :acetone to afford the title compound (2.01 g, 88%). !H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.43-7.29 (m, 5H), 7.17 (d, 2H, 7= 8.80 Hz), 6.91 (d, 2H, 7= 8.80 Hz), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.61 (dd, IH, 7= 6.36 Hz, 7= 4.40 Hz), 3.12 (dd, IH, 7= 14.67 Hz, 7= 4.40 Hz), 2.99 (dd, IH, 7= 14.67 Hz, 7= 6.36 Hz), 1.49 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H). MS (ES^ m/z calc'd for C!9H20O4 (M+NH ) 330. Found m/z 330. Step B: T-?)-5-r4-hydroxy-benzyl)-2.2-dimethyl- 1.3]dioxolan-4-one (,5)-5-(4-benzyloxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-[l,3]dioxolan-4-one (1.0 g, 3.2 mmol) was combined with 10% Pd/C (0.75 g) in EtOAc (40 mL) and purged with N2 then H2 and then stirred Under a hydrogen balloon for 3 hours. Sodium sulfate was added, and the mixture was filtered through Celite. The solvent was removed in vacuo to afford the title compound (0.747 g, 100%). !H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.11 (d, 2H, 7= 8.31 Hz), 6.76 (d, 2H, 7= 8.31 Hz), 4.93 (bs, IH), 4.61 (dd, IH, 7= 6.36 Hz, 7= 4.40 Hz), 3.11 (dd, IH, 7= 14.67 Hz, 7= 4.40 Hz), 2.98 (dd, IH, 7= 14.67 Hz, 7= 5.86 Hz), 1.49 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H). MS (ES m/z mass calc'd for C12Hι404(M-l) 221. Found m/z 221.
Step C: ( -3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-isopropoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
A 0°C solution of (,S)-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-[l,3]dioxolan-4-one (0.20 g, 0.90 mmol) and triethylsilane (1.05 g, 9.02 mmol) in CH2C12 (10 mL) was treated dropwise with TiCLt (0.90 mL, 0.90 mmol, IM CH2C12) under N2. The solution was stirred at 0°C for about 15 min and warmed to room temperature. After about 45 minutes, the mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried (Na2S02), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give of crude product (0.32 g). This material was combined with ethanol (25 mL) and cone. H2S02 (1 mL) and stirred for 17 hours at room temperature under N2. The mixture was concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was dried (Na2S02), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using 5:1 hexanes:acetone to afford the title compound (0.158 g, 70%). XB NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.11 (d, 2H, 7= 8.31 Hz), 6.76 (d, 2H, 7= 8.31 Hz), 4.79 (bs, IH), 4.20-4.12 (m, 2H), 3.99 (dd, IH, 7= 8.56 Hz, 7= 4.89 Hz), 3.49 (hp, IH, 7= 6.36 Hz), 2.94-2.83 (m, 2H), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7= 6.85 Hz), 1.14 (d, 3H, 7 = 6.36 Hz), 0.96 (d, 3H, 7 = 6.36 Hz). MS (ES") m/z calc'd for C14H20O4 (M- 1) 251. Found m/z 251.
Step D: (,iSr)-2-isopropoxy-3--[4- 3-f4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid The synthesis of 2S-2-isopropoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- propoxy]phenyl}propanoic acid sodium salt was completed according to procedures described in Example 171. !H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13): δ 0.96 (d, 3 H, 7= 5.9 Hz), 1.09 (d, 3 H, 7= 6.3 Hz), 2.22 (quartet, 2 H, 7= 5.9 Hz), 2.82 (dd, 1 H, 7= 9.3 Hz, 13.7 Hz), 3.01 (dd, 1 H, 7= 2.5 Hz, 13.7 Hz), 3.43 (q, 1 H, 7= 5.9 Hz), 4.01 (dd, 1 H, 7= 3.4 Hz, 8.8 Hz), 4.11 (q, 4 H, 7= 6.4 Hz), 6.80 (d, 2 H, 7= 8.3 Hz), 6.88 (d, 2 H, 7= 8.8 Hz), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4 H), 7.01-7.05 (m, 1 H), 7.17 (d, 2 H, 7= 8.3 Hz), 7.28 (d, 2 H, 7= 8.8 Hz). MS: 451.2 (MH*).
Example 177
2-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxy-4-[3-r4-phenylacetyl-phenoxyVpropoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000252_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3 -[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-3 -methoxy- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 175, Step B) and l-(4~Hydroxy- phenyl)-2-phenyl-ethanone following the Standard Procedure J. MS (ES) for
Figure imgf000252_0002
Example 178 3-{4-[3-(4-Butoxy-phenoxy)-proρoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000252_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-3 -methoxy- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 175, Step B) and 4-Butoxy-phenol following the Standard Procedure J. MS (ES) for C24H3207 [M+Naf: 455.
Example 179
2-Methoxy-3-|3-methoxy-4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000253_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-3-methoxy- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 175, Step B) and 6-Hydroxy-2-phenyl- chromen-4-one following the Standard Procedure J. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 8.0-7.9 (m, 2H), 7.6-7.5 (m, 5H), 7.30 (dd, IH, J=9.0, 3.0), 6.9-6.8 (m, 4H), 4.3-4.2 (m, 4H), 4.00 (dd, IH, J=7.2, 4.6), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.2), 2.33 (qn, 2H, J=6.2) ppm.
Example 180
2-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxy-4-{3-[4- 4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000253_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-3-methoxy- phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 175, Step B) and 4-(4-Trifluorornethyl- phenoxy)-phenol following the Standard Procedure J. MS (ES) for C27H27F3O7
Figure imgf000253_0003
Example 181
3-{4- 3-(4-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000254_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-3-methoxy- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 175, Step B) and 4-Benzyloxy-phenol following the Standard Procedure J. MS (ES) for C27H30O7 [M+Naf: 489.
Example 182 3-{4-[3-(4-Dibenzofuran-3-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2 -methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000254_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-3-methoxy- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 175, Step B) and 4-Dibenzofuran-3-yl- phenol following the Standard Procedure J. MS (ES) for C32H30O7 [M+NH4f:544,
Figure imgf000254_0003
Example 183 (f2S)-3-{4-[4-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-butoxy]-phenyll-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000254_0004
Step A
C2S)-3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-butoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000255_0001
A mixture of 3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-proρionic acid ethyl ester and 3- (tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-butan-l-ol were treated under Mitsounobu coupling Standard conditions B using DIAD and THF. The product thus obtained was freated under Standard Procedure E for cleaveage protected alcohols to give the title product.
Ste B f2S)-3-[4-(4-Bromo-butoxyVphenyl|-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000255_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-butoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and following the procedure described in Example 132, Step D we obtained the title compound.
Step C
(2S)-3-(4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-butoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000255_0003
The title compound was prepared from {2S)-3-[4-(4-Bromo-butoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step B) and 4-phenylphenol under the Standard Procedure I to give the product. Step D
2SV3- ■ 4-[4-('Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-butoxy1-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-{4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-butoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Step C under the standard Hydrolysis procedure C. (LiOH). -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.57-7.49 (m, 4H); 7.45-7.37 (m, 2H); 7.32-7.11 (m, 3H); 6.97 (d, 2H, J= 8.9); 6.84 (d, 2H, J= 8.9); 4.11-3.93 (m, 5H); 3.40 (s, 3H); 3.10 (dd, IH, J= 14.0, 4.3); 2.96 (dd, IH, J= 14.5, 7.0); 1.99-1.97 (m, 4H) ppm.
Example 184 2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy -butoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000256_0001
Step A
(2S)-3- {4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-butoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000256_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(4-Bromo-butoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Examplel 83, Step B) and 4- hydroxybenzophenone under the Standard Procedure I to give the product.
Step B (2S")-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy -butoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-butoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Step A under the Standard hydrolysis procedure C. (LiOH). -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.81 (d, 2H, J=8.9), 7.75 (dd, 2H, J=8.3, 1.4), 7.6-7.4 (m, 3H), 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.81 (d, 2H, J=8.3), 4.2-3.9 (m, 5H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.08 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.3), 2.94 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.5), 2.1-1.9 (m, 4H) ppm.
Example 185
('2S -2-Methoxy-3--f4-[4-('4-phenoxy-phenoxy -butoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000257_0001
Step A
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4- 4-('4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-butoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000257_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(4-Bromo-butoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 183, Step B) and 4-phenoxyphenol under the Standard Procedure I to give the product.
Step B f2SV2-Methoxy-3-(4-[4-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-butoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[4-(4-phenoxy- phenoxy)-butoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid ethyl ester, from Step A under the Standard hydrolysis procedure C. (LiOH). 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.4-7.2 ( , 2H), 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 7.1-6.7 (m, 9H), 4.0-3.9 (m, 5H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.08 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 4.0), 2.93 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 7.8), 2.1-1.9 (m, 4H) ppm.
Example 186
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4- 2-f2.3.6-frifluoro-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000258_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl]-2- methoxypropionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step C) via the Mitsounobu coupling-cleveage (Standard Procedure G) with 2-(2,3,6-Trifluoro- phenoxy)-ethanol to give the desire product. ^-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.15 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.9-6.8 (m, 4H), 4.51 (t, 2H, J=4.0), 4.27 (t, 2H, J=4.8), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.2, 4.3), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 4.5), 2.95 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.5) ppm.
Example 187
(2S -3-[4-(3-Benzyloxy-benzyloxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000258_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl]-2- methoxypropionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step C) via the Mitsounobu coupling-cleveage (Standard Procedure G) with (3-Benzyloxy-phenyl)- methanol to give the desire product. 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.5-7.2 (m, 5H), 7.2-6.8 (m, 8H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 3.99 (dd, IH, J=7.0, 4.6), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.3), 2.96 (dd, IH, J=14.5, 7.2) ppm.
Example 188 3 - |4-f3 -(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxyl -2-methoxy-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic aci
Figure imgf000259_0001
Step A
3 -[4-f tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy) -2-methoxy-phenyl] -3 -hvdroxy-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000259_0002
A solution of 4-fert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy-2-methoxy benzaldehyde (1 eq) and methyl methoxyacetate (1.25 eq) in THF (10 mL) at -78°C was added dropwise to sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.25 eq, IN in THF) at -78°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h and quenched with IN HCl (5 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, diluted with water (15 L), and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgS04) and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column to obtain the title compound.
Step B
3-[4-ftert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-methoxy-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000259_0003
A mixture of 3-[4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-methoxy-phenyl]-3-hydroxy- 2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (1 eq), Mesylchloride (1 eq) friethylamine (4 eq) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (0.1 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at room temperature over night. The reaction mixture was diluted with ether and washed with HCl IN. Dried and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was chromatographed in silicagel to yield a compound which was dissolved in methanol was freated with Mg (20 eq) and stirred until gas evolution was observed. Cooled to 0°C and stirred for 4 hours. The solvent was removed and the residue reconstituted in ether washed with HCl IN and brine and concentrated to give the title product.
Ste C
2-f4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzyl)-butyric acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000260_0001
3-[4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-2-methoxy-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester from Step B was treated under the Standard Procedure E to cleveage the protected silyl group and obtained the product.
Step D 3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxyl-2-methoxy-phenyl}-2^methoxy-propionic acid
A mixture solution of 2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzyl)-butyric acid methyl'ester from Step C and 3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propan-l-ol was reacted under the Standard Mitsounobu coupling conditions B (DIAD/toluene) to give the corresponding coupled product, which afforded the title compound via the Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). MS(ES) for C26H2806 [M+NH4f : 454.
Example 189
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxyVpropoxyl-2-methoxy-phenvU-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000261_0001
A mixture solution of 2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzyl)-butyric acid ethyl ester from Example 188, Step C and [4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-phenyl-methanone were allowed to react under the Standard Mitsounobu coupling conditions B (DIAD/toluene) to give the corresponding coupled product which by the Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) yield the title compound. MS (ES) for C27H2807
Figure imgf000261_0002
Example 190 2-Methoxy-3 - |2-methoxy-4- [3 -(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl) -propionic acid
Figure imgf000261_0003
A mixture solution of 2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-benzyl)-butyric acid ethyl ester from Example 188, Step C and 3-(4-Phenoxy-phenoxy)-propan-l-ol were allowed to react under the Standard Mitsounobu coupling conditions B (DIAD/toluene) to give the corresponding coupled product which by the Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) yielded the title compound. MS (ES) for C26H2807 [M+Naf: 475.
Example 191 3-{4-[3-( iphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyI}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000261_0004
Step A
4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-benzoic acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000262_0001
A mixture solution of 2-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoic (1 eq) acid with benzyl bromide (2 eq) and K2C03 (3 eq) in acetonitrile were heated at 85°C. Then filtered and concentrated to dryness to give after chromatography in silicagel the title compound.
Step B (4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-phenyl)-methanol
Figure imgf000262_0002
A mixture of 4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-benzoic acid benzyl ester from Step A with DIBAL-H IM in toluene (2.2 eq)in THF were stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The quenched with tarfrate saturated solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. Concentrated to dryness and purified by chromatography to afford the title compound.
Step C
4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-benzaldehvde
Figure imgf000262_0003
To a solution of (4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-phenyl)-methanol in dichloromethane, Mn02 (10 eq) were added and the mixture reaction stirred overnight. Filtered through a pad of celite and purified by cliromatography in silicagel to give the title product.
Step
3-C4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000263_0001
A solution of 4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-benzaldehyde (1 eq) and methyl methoxyacetate (1.25 eq) in THF (10 mL) at-78°C was added dropwise to sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.25 eq, IN in THF) at -78°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h and quenched with IN HCl (5 mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, diluted with water (15 mL), and exfracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 ) and concenfrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column to obtained the title compound.
Step E
3-f4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-ρhenyI)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000263_0002
A mixture of 3-(4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (1 eq), Mesylchloride (1 eq) triethylamine (4 eq) and a catalytic amount of DMAP (0.1 eq) in dichloromethane was stirred at room temperature over night. The reaction mixture was diluted with ether and washed with HCl IN. Dried and concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was chromatographed in silicagel to yield a compound which was dissolved in methanol was freated with Mg (20 eq) and stirred until gas evolution was observed. Cooled to 0°C and stirred for 4 hours. The solvent was removed and the residue reconstituted in ether washed with HCl IN and brine and concenfrated to give the title product.
Step F 3-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000264_0001
3-(4-Benzyloxy-2-chloro-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester in ethyl acetate was treated with Pd(C) and H2 under balloon pressure. Then filtered through celite and concentrated to give the title compound.
Step G
3- {4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy1-2-chloro-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000264_0002
A mixture solution of 3-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Step F and 3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propan-l -ol were allowed to react under the Standard Mitsounobu coupling conditions B (DIAD/toluene) to give the corresponding coupled product which by the Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) yield the title compound. MS (ES) for C25H25C105 [M+NH4]+: 458.
Example 192
3-{2-Chloro-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000264_0003
A mixture solution of 3-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 191, Step F and 3-(4-Phenoxy-phenoxy)-propan-l-ol were allowed to react under the Standard Mitsounobu coupling conditions B (DIAD/toluene) to give the corresponding coupled product which by the Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) yield the title compound. MS (ES) for C2sH25Clθ6
Figure imgf000264_0004
Example 193
3-{4- 3- 4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic cid
Figure imgf000265_0001
A mixture solution of 3-(2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 132, Step F and [4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-phenyl- methanone were allowed to react under the Standard Mitsounobu coupling conditions B (DIAD/toluene) to give the corresponding coupled product which by the Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) yield the title compound. MS (ES) for
Figure imgf000265_0002
Example 194
(2S)-4- {3-[4-C2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy) -benzoic acid
Figure imgf000265_0003
Step A
(2SV4- {3-[4-(2-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy} -benzoic acid benzyl ester
Figure imgf000265_0004
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from 0, Step B and 4-Hydroxy-benzoic acid benzyl ester were freated under Mitsounobu Standard coupling conditions B to give the title compound.
Step B
T2SV4- (3-r4-f2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy} -benzoic acid The title compound was prepared from (2S)-4-{3-[4-(2-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-methoxy- ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy} -benzoic acid benzyl ester (Step A) by Standard Hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). MS (ES) for C20H22O7 [M+Naf: 397.
Example 195
(2S)-3-{4-[3-r4-Dibenzothiophen-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000266_0001
Step A f2S -3-{4-[3-(4-Dibenzothiophen-4-yl-phenoxy -propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000266_0002
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-proρoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 171, Step B and 4-Dibenzothiophen-4-yl-phenol were treated under Mitsounobu Standard coupling conditions B to give the title compound.
Step B
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Dibenzothiophen-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Dibenzothiophen-4-yl- phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-prόpionic acid ethyl ester (Step A) by Standard Hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). MS (ES) for C3ιH2805S [M+NH4f : 530.
Example 196 (2S)-3-{4-[3- 4'-Hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000267_0001
Step A
(2S)-3-(4-(3-[4'-(,tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-biphenyl-4-yloxy]-proρoxy}- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000267_0002
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A, and 4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-biphenyl-4-ol were treated with CsC03 (3 eq) in DMF and stirred at room temperature over night. Filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound.
Step B 2S)-3-{4-[3-f4'-Hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-{3-[4'-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl- silanyloxy)-biphenyl-4-yloxy]-propoxy} -phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step A) by Standard Hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). MS (ES) for C25H26θ6
Figure imgf000267_0003
Example 197 (2S -4'-{3-[4-C2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethv -phenoxy]-propoxy)-biphenyl-4- carboxylic acid
Figure imgf000267_0004
Step A r2S)-4l-{3-[4-r2-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-biphenyl-4- carboxylic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000268_0001
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 171, Step B and 4'-Hydroxy-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester were freated under Mitsounobu Standard coupling conditions B to give the title compound.
Step B f2S)-4'-{3-[4- 2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethylVphenoxy]-propoxy}-biphenyl-4- carboxylic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-4'-{3-[4-(2-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-methoxy- ethyl)-phenoxy]-proρoxy}-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Step A) by Standard Hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). MS (ES) for C26H2607 [M+NH4 : 468,
Figure imgf000268_0002
Example 198 (2S)-3-{4-[2- 4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-cyclohexyloxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000268_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid linked to Wang's resin (Example 94, Step C) via Mitsounobu coupling (Standard Procedure F) to give 3-[4-(2-Hydroxy-cyclohexyloxy)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to the resin. A second Mitsounobu coupling reaction with 4-hydroxybenzophenone via Standard Procedure G allow us to get the title compound. 1H-NMR (CDC13, 200MHz): 7.75 (d, 4H, J= 8.6); 7.57-7.43 (m, 3H); 7.13 (d, 2H, J= 8.9); 6.89 (d, 2H, J= 9.1); 6.79 (d, 2H, J= 8.6); 4.53-4.36 (m, 2H); 4.04-3.99 (m, IH); 3.43 (s, 3H); 3.08-2.94 (m, 2H); 1.38-1.29 (m, 8H) ppm.
Example 199 (2S)-3-(4-{2-[4- 4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy1-cvclohexyloxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000269_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid linked to Wang's resin (Example 94, Step C) via Mitsounobu coupling (Standard Procedure F) to give 3-[4-(2-Hydroxy-cyclohexyloxy)-phenyl]- 2-methoxy-propionic acid linked to the resin. A second Mitsounobu coupling reaction with 4-fluoro-4'-hydroxybenzophenone via Standard Procedure G allows us to get the title compound. -NMR (CDC13, 200MHz): 7.83-7.69 (m, 4H); 7.19-7.11 (m, 4H); 6.89 (d, 2H, J= 8.9); 6.79 (d, 2H, J= 8.6); 4.53-4.33 (m, 2H); 4.02 (dd, IH, J= 6.5, 4.8); 3.43 (s, 3H); 3.10 (dd, IH, J= 14.4, 4.8), 2.98 (dd, IH, J= 14.4, 6.5); 1.38-1.29 (m, 8H) ppm.
Example 200
(2S)-3-f4-(3-r3-("4-Fluoro-phenyl)-benzofuran-6-yloxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000269_0002
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 3-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-benzofuran-6-ol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H25FO6 [M+NH4f : 482, [M+Naf : 487, [M+H]+ : 464.
Example 201
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(5.6,7.8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl) -propionic acid
Figure imgf000270_0001
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-ol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard Hydrolysis Procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C23H28O5 [M+Naf: 407, [M+Hf : 385.
Example 202
("2SV3- {4-[3-f4-Benzyloxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000270_0002
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4-Benzyloxy-phenol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H28O6 [M-H]": 435. Example 203 (f2S)-3-{4-[3- 4-Butoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000271_0001
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4-Butoxy-phenol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C23H30O6 [M+NEUf : 420, [M+Naf: 425, [M+H]+: 403.
Example 204
(2S)-3-{4- 3-(4-Heptyloxy-phenoχy -propoxy]-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000271_0002
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4-Heptyloxy-phenol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C 6H3606
[M+Naf: 467, [M+H]+: 445.
Example 205
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(6-Benzoyl-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000272_0001
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with (6-Hydroxy-naphthalen-2-yl)-phenyl- methanone under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C30H28O6 [M+Naf: 507, [M+Hf : 485.
Example 206 2S)-3-{4-[3-(Benzo[1.3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000272_0002
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with Benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-ol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C2oH2207 [M+Naf: 397, [M+H]+: 375.
Example 207 2S)-3-l4-r3- 9H-Fluoren-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000272_0003
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 9H-Fluoren-2-ol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H2605
Figure imgf000273_0001
Example 208
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4- 3-("4-octyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000273_0002
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4-Octyl-phenol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H38O5 [M+Naf: 466.
Example 209 (2S)-2-Methoxy-3 - {4-f3-føaphthalen- 1 -yloxV)-propoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000273_0003
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with Naphthalen-1-ol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C23H24Os [M+Naf: 403, [M+Hf : 381. Example 210
(2S)-3- |4-[3-ClH-Indol-7-yloxy)-proρoxy]-phenyl) -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000274_0001
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with lH-frιdoϊ-7-ol under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C2ιH23NO5 [M+Naf:
Figure imgf000274_0002
Example 211
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(4l-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000274_0003
Step A
Preparation of p-Iodophenol linked to the Wang's resin
Figure imgf000274_0004
Wang' resin, (1 eq), -iodophenol (4.5 eq) and PPh3 (5-8 eq) were suspended in a vial and cooled to 0°C then DIAD was added (5 eq). The mixture reaction was allowed to get room temperature and stirred overnight. Filtered of and washed with MeOH-CH2Cl2-THF-HClaq and CH2Cl2to give the product. Step B 4'-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-ol
Figure imgf000275_0001
A mixture of -Iodophenol linked to the Wang's resin from Step A (1 eq), 4- fluorobenzene boronic acid (6 eq), K2C03 (12 eq) and Pd(OAc)2 (0.5 eq) were suspended in a mixture of dioxane/water (6/1) and the mixture was heated at 100°C and stirring for 36 hours. The resin was washed with DMF/H20 and MeOH/THF/HCl diluted and MeOH/CH2Cl2. After it was dried, was suspended in dichloromethane, and TFA 95% was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min then filtered and washed with MeOH and dichloromethane. The solvents were concenfrated to dryness to give the title product
Step C (2S -3-{4-[3-(4'-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4'-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-ol from Step B under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C25H25F05 [M+NH4]+: 442, [M+Naf: 447.
Example 212 2S)-3-f4-[3-(4'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000275_0002
Step A 4-chlorobiphenyl-4-ol
Figure imgf000276_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with 4-chlorophenyl boronic acid.
Step B 2S)-3-{4-r3-("4'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy]-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with chloro-biphenyl-4-ol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C25H25C105 [M+Naf: 463, [M+H]+: 441.
Example 213
(2S)-3-{4-[3- 3l.5'-Bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000276_0002
Ste A
3'.5'-Bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyI-4-ol
Figure imgf000277_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl boronic acid.
Step B (2S -3-{4-[3-f3'.5'-Bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 3',5'-Bis-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-4-ol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H24F605 [M+Naf: 565, [M+H]+: 543.
Example 214 2S)-3-l4-[3-f4-Dibenzofuran-4-yl-phenoxy -proρoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000277_0002
Step A 4-Dibenzofuτan-4-yl-phenol
Figure imgf000278_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with 4-dibenzofurane boronic acid.
Step B f2S)-3-(4-[3-("4-Dibenzofuran-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from 0, Step A was treated with 4-Dibenzofuran-4-yl-phenol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for
Figure imgf000278_0002
Example 215 f2ιSV2-Methoxy-3 - (4-P3 -(4'-phenoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -phenyl} - propionic acid
Figure imgf000278_0003
Step A 4'-Phenoxy-biphenyl-4-ol
Figure imgf000279_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with 4-phenoxyphenyl boronic acid.
Step B
(2tSr)-2-Methoxy-3-|4-[3-(4'-phenoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4'-Phenoxy-biphenyl-4-ol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C3ιH30O6 [M+NBUf : 516, [M+Naf: 521.
Example 216 (2ιSr)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-thiophen-2-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000279_0002
Step A 4-Thiophen-2-yl-phenol
Figure imgf000279_0003
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with tiophene-2-boronic acid. Step B
(2J$)-2-Methoxy-3-|4-[3-(4-thiophen-2-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-ρhenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4-Thiophen-2-yl-phenol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C23H2405S [M+NTL : 430, [M+Naf: 435.
Example 217
C2i$r)-3-{4-[3-(3'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000280_0001
Step A
3 '-Chloro-biphenyl-4-ol
Figure imgf000280_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with 3-chlorophenyl boronic acid.
Step B f2^)-3-{4-[3-r3'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (25)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from 0, Step A was treated with 3'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-ol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C25H25ClO5 [M+NHtf : 458, [M+Naf: 463.
Example 218 2i$r)-3-{4-[3-f2'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000281_0001
Step A 2'-Chloro-biphenyl-4-ol
Figure imgf000281_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with 2-chlorophenyl boronic acid
Step B
(25r)-3-(4-[3-(2'-Chloro-biρhenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (2ιS -3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 2-Chloro-biphenyl-4-ol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C25H25ClO5 [M+NH4f : 458, [M+Naf: 463.
Example 219 (2 )-3-{4-[3-(2'-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000282_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example
211, Step B with 2-fiuorophenyl boronic acid
Step B r2S)-3-{4-[3-(,2'-Fluoro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 2-fluoro-biphenyl-4-ol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C25H25FO5 [M+NBUf : 442, [M+Naf: 447. Example 220
(2S)-3-}4-[3-r4-Benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy1-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000283_0001
Step A
4-Benzo[ 1.3]dioxol-5-yl-phenol
Figure imgf000283_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example211, Step B with 3,4-methylenedioxophenyl boronic acid
Step B
('2>Sr)-3-{4-[3- 4-Benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2 -methoxy- propionic acid (2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4-Benzo[l,3]dioxol-5-yl-phenol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H26O7 [M+NEUf : 468, [M+Naf: 473.
Example 221
(2<S -3-{4-[3-f4'-tert-Butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000284_0001
Step A 4'-tert-Butyl-biphenyl-4-ol
Figure imgf000284_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with 4-te7-t-butylphenyl boronic acid
Step B
(2S)-3 - (4- [3 -(4'-tert-Butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -phenyl ) -2-methoxy- propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was freated with 4,-te7-t-Butyl-biphenyl-4-ol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound, MS(ES) for C29H3405 [M+NH4f : 480, [M+Naf: 485.
Example 222
(2 r)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3- 3'-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000285_0001
Step A
3 '-Trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ol
Figure imgf000285_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with 3-trifluoromethoxybenzebe boronic acid
Step B 2lSr)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3'-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 3'-Trifluoromethoxy-biρhenyl-4-ol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H25F306 [M+Naf: 513, [M+Hf : 491.
Example 223
(2ιS)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4'-trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-ρhenyl)- propionic acid
Figure imgf000286_0001
Step A 4'-Trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ol
F^°~0- -°H
F F The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 211, Step B with 4-trifluoromethoxybenzene boronic acid
Step B (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4'-trif[uoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy')-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4'-Trifluoromethoxy-biphenyl-4-ol from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H25F306 [M+NHf : 508, [M+Naf: 513.
Example 224
(2S)-3 -(4- { 3 -[4-(2-Chloro-benzoylaminoVphenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000286_0002
Step A p-Aminophenol linked to Wang's resin
A suspension of Wang's resin in THF/CH2C12 was treated with DIAD (5 eq), Ph3P
(5 eq) and p-nitrophenol(5 eq). The mixture was stirred overnight and then the resin was filtered through and washed with MeOH/CH2Cl2 several times. After dried the resin was suspended in DMF and treated with SnC12 (10 eq) and stirred again overnight. Filtered and washed with MeOH/CH2Cl2 several times and dried to give th product.
Step B
2-Chloro-N-f4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzamide
Figure imgf000287_0001
A suspension of p-aminophenol linked to the Wang's resin from Step A (1 eq) in dichloromethane was treated with friethylamine (2ml/mmol) and 2-chloro-benzoyl chloride (10 eq). The mixture reaction was stirred for 1 hour and then the resin was filtered, washed with MeOH/CH2Cl2 several times and dried. The resin was then treated with TFA 95%/H20 5% and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes.
Filtered and washed with dichloromethane/methanol and concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound.
Step C
(2iSf)-3-(4-{3- 4-(2-Chloro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 2-Chloro-N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzamide from Step B under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H26C1N06 [M+H]+: 484. Example 225 (2lSr)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-(3-[4-r2-methoxy-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy)- phenvD-propionic acid
Figure imgf000288_0001
Step A
N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-benzamide
Figure imgf000288_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in 0, Step B with 2-methoxy-benzoyl chloride.
Step B r2S)-2-Methoxy-3-r4-(3- 4- 2-methoxy-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyD-propionic acid
(2<S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy- benzamide from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H29N07 [M+Hf : 480.
Example 226
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-f2.2-ϊ)imethyl-propionylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000289_0001
Step A N-(4-Hydroxy-phenylV2.2-dimethyl-propionamide
Figure imgf000289_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 224, Step B with 2,2-Dimethyl-propionyl chloride.
Step B (2S-3 -(4- { 3 - [4-(2.2-Dimethyl-propionylamino)-phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl- propionamide from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C24H3ιN06 [M+H]+: 430.
Example 227 (2S)-3 -(4- (3-[4-f 3 -Fluoro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000289_0003
Step A 3-Fluoro-N-r4-hydroxy-ρhenyl)-benzamide
Figure imgf000290_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 224, Step B with 3-Fluoro-benzoyl chloride.
Step B
(2S)-3 -(4- (3 - [4-(3 -Fluoro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy] -propoxy } -phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
(2ιS)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 3-Fluoro-N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzamide from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H26FN06 [M+H]+: 468.
Example 228
C21Sr)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4- 3-methoxy-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyD-propionic acid
Figure imgf000290_0002
Step A
N-(4-Hvdroxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy-benzamide
Figure imgf000290_0003
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 224, Step B with 3-methoxy-benzoyl chloride.
Step B C2ιSr)-2-Methoxy-3 -f 4-f 3 - [4-(3 -methoxy-benzoylamino)-phenoxy] -propoxy) - phenyD-propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated withN-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methoxy- benzamide from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H29N07 [M+H]+: 480.
Example 229 r2ιS -2-Methoxy-3-r4-(3-[4- 3-methyl-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid
Figure imgf000291_0001
Step A N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-benzamide
Figure imgf000291_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 224, Step B with 3-methyl-benzoyl chloride.
Step B
(2 )-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-methyl-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenylV propionic acid (2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from , Example 173, Step A was treated with N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-benzamide from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H29N06 [M+H]+: 464.
Example 230
(2.Sf)-3- 4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoylaminoVphenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000292_0001
Step A 4-Fluoro-N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzamide
Figure imgf000292_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 224, Step B with 4-Fluoro-benzoyl chloride.
Step B
(2S)-3-f4- 3-[4-f4-Fluoro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid (2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4-Fluoro-N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzamide from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H26FNθ6 [M+Hf : 468. Example 231 r2^)-3-(4-|3-[4-f4-Chloro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy1-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000293_0001
Step A
4-Chloro-N-f4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzamide
Figure imgf000293_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 224, Step B with 4-chloro-benzoyl chloride.
Step B
(2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Chloro-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)-2-mefhoxy- propionic acid
(25)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with 4-chloro-N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzamide from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H26C1N06 [M+H]+: 484.
Example 232
(21S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3- 4-(4-methoxy-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyp-propionic acid
Figure imgf000294_0001
Ste A N-f4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-4-methoxy-benzamide
Figure imgf000294_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 224, Step B with 4-methoxy-benzoyl chloride.
Step B 2>Sr)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-f4-methoxy-benzoylamino)-phenoxy]-propoxy)- phenylVpropionic acid
(2)S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was freated with 4-methoxy-N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-benzamide from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H29N07 [M+Hf : 480.
Example 233
(2lSf)-2-Methoxy-3-}4-[3-r4-phenylacetylamino-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000294_0003
Step A N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-acetamide
Figure imgf000295_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 224, Step B with Phenyl-acetyl chloride.
Step B 2ly)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenylacetylamino-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)- propionic acid
(25)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated withN-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-acetamide from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H29N06 [M+Hf : 484.
Example 234 f2ι$l -3-(4-{3-[4-(2-Chloro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenylV2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000295_0002
Step A
4-Tributylstannanyl-phenol linked to Wang's resin
Figure imgf000295_0003
p-Iodophenol linked to Wang's resin from Example 211, Step A, was suspended in toluene and bis-tributyltin was added (5 eq). The mixture reaction was stirred at 100°C overnight. Then filtered through and the resin was washed with CH2Cl2/MeOH/Hexane/MeOH/CH2Cl2 to give the compound^ Step B
(2-Chloro-phenyl)-r4-hydroxy-phenyl)-methanone
Figure imgf000296_0001
4-Tributylstannanyl-phenol linked to Wang's resin from Step A (1 eq), Pd2(dba)3 (0.3 eq) and K2C03 (70 mg) were suspended in THF/Diisopropilmethylamine. To this mixture 2-chloro-benzoyl chloride was added and stirred for 2 hours. The suspension was filtered and the resin washed with Me0H/CH2Cl2/DMF, then HCl diluted/dioxane and Na2C03 5%(dioxane) and DMF/MeOH/CH2Cl2. Once the resin was dried TFA 95% and CH2C12 were added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The resin was filtered and washed with MeOH CH2Cl2. The solvents were collected and concentrated to dryness to give the title product.
Step C (2)$r -3-r4-{3-[4-(2-Chloro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
(25)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with (2-Chloro-phenyl)-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)- methanone from Step B under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H25C106 [M+NH4f : 491 ,[M+Hf : 469.
Example 235
(2S)-2 -Methoxy-3-('4-(3-[4-(naphthalene-l-carbonyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid
Figure imgf000296_0002
Step A
C4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen- 1 -yl-methanone
Figure imgf000297_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 234, Step B with naphthalene- 1 -carbonyl chloride.
Step B
(2£)-2-Methoxy-3-(4- {3-[4-(haphthalene- 1 -carbonyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy} -phenylV propionic acid
(25)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from
Example 173, Step A was treated with (4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-l-yl- methanone from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C30H28O6 [M+NEUf : 507,[M+H]+: 485.
Example 236
(2ιy)-3-(4-l3-[4-f3-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy1-propoxy}-phenyl)-2 -methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000297_0002
Step A
( -Fluoro-phenyl)-f4-hydroxy-phenylVmethanone
Figure imgf000297_0003
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 234, Step B with 3-Fluoro-benzoyl chloride. Step B f 2.SV3 -(4- (3 -\4-( 3 -Fluoro-benzovD-phenoxyl -propoxy) -phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
(25)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from
Example 173, Step A was treated with (3-Fluoro-ρhenyl)-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)- methanone from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C26H25FO6 [M+H]+: 453.5.
Example 237 (2ιS^-2-Methoxy-3-f4-(3-[4- 3-methoxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid
Figure imgf000298_0001
Step A r4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-f3-methoxy-phenyl)-methanone
Figure imgf000298_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 234, Step B with 3-methoxy-benzoyl chloride.
Step B
('2ιSr)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-{3-[4-('3-methoxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy1-propoxy)-phenylV propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from
Example 173, Step A was treated with (4-Hydroxy-ρhenyl)-(3-methoxy-phenyl)- methanone from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H2807 [M+H]+: 465.
Example 238 (2)S)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-{3-[4-(naphthalene-2-carbonyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)- propionic acid
Figure imgf000299_0001
Step A 4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl-methanone
Figure imgf000299_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example
234, Step B with naphthalene-2-carbonyl chloride.
Step B (2jS)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-{3-[4-(naphthalene-2-carbonyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)- propionic acid
(2 -3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with (4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-naphthalen-2-yl- methanone from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C30H28O6 [M+Hf : 485.
Example 239 r2S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4- 4-methyl-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)- propionic acid
Figure imgf000300_0001
Step A f4-Hydroxy-phenylVp-tolyl-methanone
Figure imgf000300_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 234, Step B with 4-methyl-benzoyl chloride.
Step B (2 r)-2-Methoxy-3-('4-{3-[4-r4-methyl-benzoyl)-phenoxy1-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid
(25)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with (4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-p-tolyl-methanone from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C27H2806 [M+NILjf : 471 [M+H]+: 449.
Example 240
(2lSr)-3-f4-{3-[4-(2.2-Dimethyl-propionyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2 -methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000300_0003
Step A
1 -(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propan- 1 -one
Figure imgf000301_0001
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 234, Step B with 2,2-Dimethyl-propionyl chloride.
Step B 2lSf)-3-r4-{3-[4-r2.2-Dimethyl-propionyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with l-(4-Hydroxy-ρhenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propan- 1-one from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C24H30O6 [M+NHjf : 437 [M+H]+: 415.
Example 241 2S -3-{4-[3- 4-Isobutyryl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000301_0002
Step A
1 -f4-Hydroxy-phenylV2-methyl-propan- 1 -one
Figure imgf000301_0003
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 234, Step B with Isobutyryl chloride. Step B (2)Sr)-3-{4- 3-f4-Isobutyryl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
(2<S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with l-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-propan-l- one from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C23H2806 [M+NH4]+: 423 [M+Hf : 401.
Example 242 r2S)-2-Methoxy-3- 4-(3-[4- 3-phenyl-propionyl')-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)- '** propionic acid
Figure imgf000302_0001
Step A 1 -(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-propan- 1 -one
Figure imgf000302_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described in Example 234, Step B with 3-Phenyl-propionyl chloride.
Step B
(2oT)-2-Methoxy-3-C4-(3-[4-(3-phenyl-propionyl')-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid
(2S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester from Example 173, Step A was treated with l-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-propan-l- one from Step A under the Standard Procedure J. The compound thus obtained was allowed to react under Standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH) to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C28H30O6 [M+NHjf : 485 [M+Hf : 463.
Example 243 3-{4- 3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000303_0001
Step A 2-Fluoro-4-hvdroxy-benzaldehvde
Figure imgf000303_0002
2-Fluoro-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (1 g, 6.49 mmol) was added to a suspension of anhydrous potassium iodide (2.15 g, 13 mmol) and aluminum trichloride (1.04 g, 7.8 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 40QC for 3 hours. Aluminum trichloride (2.15 g, 13 mmol) and anhydrous potassium iodide (0.86 g, 6.49 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 X 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 4: 1) to give 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde as a white solid (260 mg, 29%). *H NMR (200 MHz, Acetone-d6): δ 10.08 (s, IH), 9.77 (b, IH), 7.69 (t, IH, J=8.4), 6.78 (dd, IH, 7=8.8, 2.6), 6.65 (dd, IH, 7=12.5, 2.2)ppm.
Step B 4-[3-fBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde
Figure imgf000304_0001
Potassium tert-butoxide (0.217 g, 1.93 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-fluoro-4- hydroxy-benzaldehyde (0.246 g, 1.76 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 mL) at 0°C, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. 4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-biphenyl (0.564 g, 1.93 mmol, Example 132, Step D) was added, and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc (5 X 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO ), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 4:1) to give 4-[3-(biphenyl-4- yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde as a white solid (540 mg, 88%). lR NMR (200 MHz, CDC13): δ 10.19 (s, IH), 7.80 (t, IH, 7=8.4); 7.55-7.48 (m, 4H); 7.42- 7.27 (m, 3H); 6.99-6.93 (m, 2H); 6.78 (dd, IH, 7=8.8, 2.6); 6.64 (dd, IH, 7=12.4, 2.2); 4.27-4.15 (m, 4H); 2.30 (qn, 2H, 7=5.9)ppm.
Step C
3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl}-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000304_0002
A solution of 4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde (0.320 g, 0.91 mmol) and methyl methoxyacetate (0.099 mL, 1 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at - 78°C was added dropwise to sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1 mL, 1 mmol, IN in THF) at -78°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours, quenched with IN HCl (1 mL), and allowed to warm to room temperature. The mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 2:1) to give a 1:1 diastereomeric mixture of 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro- phenyl}-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester as a white solid (250 mg, 60%). 1H NMR (200 MHz, CDC13): 7.55-7.47 (m, 4H), 7.42-7.23 ( , 4H), 6.95 (d, 2H, 7=8.4), 6.73-6.66 (m, IH), 6.59 (dd, IH, 7=12.4, 2.6), 5.19 (dd, IH, 7=15.4, 4.8), 4.18-4.04 (m, 4H), 3.93 (d, IH, 7=5.1), 3.68 and 3.63 (2 s, 3H), 3.39 and 3.37 (2 s, 3H), 3.12 (b, IH), 2.24 (qn, 2H, 7=6.2)ppm.
Step D
3-(4-[3- Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000305_0001
Trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.043 mL, 0.37 mmol) and pyridine (0.074 mL, 0.93 mmol) were added to a solution of 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro- phenyl}-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (0.142 g, 0.31 mmol) in methylene chloride (1 mL) at 0°C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature and was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL) and 10% palladium on carbon (0.064 g) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred under hydrogen pressure (5 atm) for 16 hours. The mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purifϊed'by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 4:1) to give 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester as a white solid (30 mg, 22 %). lR NMR (200 MHz, CDC13): 7.60-7.50 (m, 4H); 7.46-7.27 (m, 3H); 7.18-7.09 (m, IH); 7.03-6.96 (m, 2H); 6.70-6.61 (m, 2H); 4.17 (dt, 4H, 7=9.1, 6.2); 4.00 (dd, IH, 7=7.3, 5.9); 3.74 (s, 3H); 3.37 (s, 3H); 3.13-2.93 (m, 2H); 2.28 (qn, 2H, 7=6.2).
Step E 3-f4-[3-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid 1N aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1.37 mL) was added to a solution of 3-{4- [3 -(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (0.075 g, 0.17 mmol) in THF (2 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, diluted with water (10 mL), and extracted with diethyl ether (3 X 20 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with IN HCl to pH 1 and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 25 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 ), filtered, and concentrated to give 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)- propoxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid as a white solid (60mg, 83%). !H NMR (200 MHz, CDC13): 7.56-7.29 (m, 7H), 7.18-7.09 (m, IH), 6.98 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 6.66-6.60 (m, 2H), 4.17 (dt, 4H, 7=8.9, 5.9), 4.03 (dd, IH, 7=6.7, 4.8), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.23-3.14 (m, IH), 2.97 (dd, IH, 7=14.0, 6.7), 2.26 (q, 2H, 7=5.9)ppm.
Example 244 2-phenoxy-3-[4-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)propoxyphenyl]propanoic acid
Figure imgf000306_0001
Step A
1 -(3 -brornopropoxy)-4-phenoxybenzene
Figure imgf000306_0002
The title compound was prepared from 4-phenoxyphenol following the same procedure as in Example 132, Step D. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.35-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.09-6.87 (m, 7H), 4.10 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 3.62 (t, 2H, J=6.1), 2.55-2.21 (m, 2H)pρm.
Step B 4-Benzyloxyphenyl-2-hydroxypropanoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000307_0001
A solution of DL-4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (0.5 g, 2.74mmol) was stirred over night in MeOH/HCl saturated solution. The reaction was concentrated to dryness and the crude product (0.545 g, 2.7 mmol) was treated with K2C03 (3 eq.) and benzyl bromide (0.507 g, 2.97 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 ml) and refluxed overnight. The crude reaction was filtered off and concentrated to produce a crude product. The residue was purified by chromatography (silca-gel, hexanes/Ethyl acetate (3:1) to give a white oil (97%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.43-7.35 (m, 5H), 7.14 (d, 2H, J=8.59), 6.92 (d, 2H, J=8.59), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.42 (dd, IH, J=10.7, 6.1), 2.97 (ddd, 2H, J=4.5, 13.9, 31.1)2.73 (d, IH, J=6.1).
Step C
4-Benzyloxyphenyl-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)propanoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000307_0002
A solution of triphenylphosphine (0.1 g, 0,38 mmol) in 5 ml of dry THF was treated at 0°C with DEAD (0.066 g, 0.38 mmol) and stirred over 30 min. Then a solution of 4-Benzyloxyphenyl-2-hydroxypropanoic acid methyl ester (0.1 g, 0.35 mmol) andp- chlorophenol (0.048 g, 0.38 mmol) in 2 ml of THF was added to the solution and the mixture reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated to dryness and chromatographed in silicagel (hexanes/Ethyl acetate 3:1) to give 0.082 g of product (60%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.46-7.31 (m, 5H), 7.28-7.13 (m, 4H), 6.93 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 6.75 (d, 2H, J=8.8), 5.04 (s, 2H), 4.73(t, IH, J=6.1), 3.71 s (s, 3H), 3.18 (d, 2H, J=6.4). Step D
4-Hydroxyphenyl-2-ρhenoxypropanoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000308_0001
A solution of 4-Benzyloxyphenyl-2-(4-chlorophenoxy) propanoic acid methyl ester in ethanol with 10% Pd/C (5 wt%) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (ltm) over 2 hours. The catalyst was removed via filfration through a pad of celite and the filtrated concentrated in vacuo to produce the title compound (90%). 'H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.25-7.14 (m, 4H), 7.94-7.73 (m, 4H), 4.81-4.69 (m, IH), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.16 (d, 2H, 7=4.1).
Step E
2-phenoxy-3-[4-(4-phenoxy phenoxy)propoxyphenyll propanoic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000308_0002
A mixture of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenoxypropanoic acid methyl ester (0.055 g, 0.18 mmol) with l-(3-bromopropoxy)-4-phenoxybenzene (Step A)(0.055 g, 0.18 mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (0.020 g, 0.18 mmol) were stirred in DMF (5 mL) overnight. The mixture reaction concentrated in vacuo with toluene (2 times), reconstituted in Ethyl acetate and washed with water (3 times) and brine, dryed (Na2S04) and concentrated to afford a crude product that was purified by chromatographied in silicagel (hexanes/ Ethyl acetate, 3:1) to give 0.022 g of the title compound (23%). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.34-7.15 (m, 6H), 7.07- 6.71 (m, 12H), 4.80-4.68 ( , IH), 4.13 (t, 4H, J=15.1), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.18 (q, 2H). Step F
2-phenoxy-3-[4-f4phenoxyphenoxy)propoxyphenyl] propanoic acid The title compound was prepared from 2- phenoxy-3-[4-(4phenoxy phenoxy)propoxyphenyl] propanoic acid methyl ester (0.022 g, 0.04 mmol) That was stirred with an excess of LiOH 3N (5 eq. )in THF (3 ml) overnight. The solution was acidulate with HCl IN (to pH 1-2) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried (Na2S0 ) and concentrated under vacuum to produce an oily solid (80%). 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.33-7.16 (m, 6H)S 7.03-6.70 (m, 12H), 4.84-4.71 (m, IH), 4.13 (t, 4H, J= 6.1), 3.24-3.19 (m, 2H)ppm.
Example 245 r2S.2'SV3-r4-f3-r4-r2'-Carboxy-2'-methoxy-ethvD-phenoχy]-propoxy)-phenylV2-
Figure imgf000309_0001
A mixture of (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl]-2-methoxypropionic acid ethyl ester (2 eq), and propylene glycol (1.3 eq) were allowed to react under the Standard Mitsounobu couplmg conditions B (DIAD/Toluene), and the resulting product of this reaction was treated following the Standard hydrolysis conditions C to give the title compound. MS(ES) for C23H2808 [M+NEUf : 450, [M+H]+: 433.
Example 246
Synthesis of α-Methoxycinnamate Intermediate, ethyl 2.S'-2-methoxy-3-(4- hydorxyphenyl) propanoate (e) Scheme
Figure imgf000310_0001
Step la: methyl 3-hvdroxy-2-methoxy-3-[4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]propanoate (a) Sodium bis-(trimethylsilyl)amide (440 ml, 0.44 mol, 1.0 M in THF) was cooled to - 70°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde (85 g, 0.4mol) and methyl methoxyacetate (52 g, 0.5mol) in THF (0.5 L) was added dropwise at -70°C over 2 hours, and the mixture was stirred for an hour. A solution of concentrated HCl (85 mL) and water (85 mL) was added at -70°C. The resulting solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and was extracted with MTBE (2 x 0.5 L). The combined extracts were washed with brine (0.5 L), dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated under to give 133g of a red oil.
Step lb and Step lc: methyl 3-(4-hvdroxyphenyl -2-methoxypropanoate (b) Methyl 3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-[4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]propanoate (133 g, crude from above) was dissolved in CH2C12 (700 mL), and pyridine (129 mL, 1.6 mol) was added. The resulting solution was cooled in a water bath and trifluoroacetic anhydride (85 mL, 0.6 mol) was added dropwise under nitrogen. The bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The solution was cooled to 0°C and concentrated HCl (150 mL) in water (1 L) was added dropwise. The organic layer was separated and concentrated, and ethyl acetate (0.5 L) was added. The resulting solution was treated with hydrogen gas under 50 psi in the presence of 5% Pd-C (80 g, 50% water wet) at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The catalyst was filtered, and the filtrate was concenfrated under vacuum to give 122 g oil. Η-NMR (CDC13): 7.1 (2H, d); 6.7 (d, 2H); 5.4 (s, IH); 4.0 (m, IH); 3.7 (s, 3H); 3.4 (s, 3H); 3.0 (m, IH). MS (ES)=209.2 (M-1).
Step Id: 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoic acid (c)
Methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoate (132 g, 0.631 mol) was dissolved in methanol (700 mL) and 5N sodium hydroxide (631 mL, 3.16 mol) was added dropwise at ambient temperature. The solution was stirred for 16 hours at ambient temperature. The methanol was removed under vacuum, and water (500 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with MTBE (2 x 500 mL). The aqueous solution was brought to pH=l with concentrated HCl and then extracted with MTBE (2 x 500 mL). The organic extracts were dried (MgS0 ), filtered, and concentrated under vacuum to give the racemic acid as an oil (110 g) wliich was crystallized upon standing. Η-NMR (DMSO): 7.0 (d, 2H); 6.6 (d, 2H); 4.0 (m, IH); 2.8 ( , 2H). MS (ES)= 195.1 (M-1).
Step 2: f2S)-3-f4-hyckoxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoic acid (d)
Cinchonidine salt of (,2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoic acid.
A slurry consisting of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoic acid (21.21 g, 0.1081 mol), (-)-cinchonidine (31.83 g, 0.1081 mol), and THF (424 mL) was heated briefly at reflux to give a red-brown solution. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and stirred for 3 days. The resulting slurry was cooled to 0°C for 4 hours and filtered to give about 17.06 g of the cinchonidine salt (71.2% ee by chiral HPLC). The cinchonidine salt was slurried in THF, heated to reflux for 1 hour, and cooled to ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0°C for 2 hours and filtered to give about 14.87 g of the cinchonidine salt (83.0% ee by chiral HPLC). The cinchonidine salt was slurried again in THF, and heated to reflux for 1 hour, and cooled to ambient temperature. The mixture was cooled to 0 °C for 2 hours and filtered to give about 12.87 g (24%) of the cinchonidine salt of (2S)-3-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoic acid (91.4% ee by chiral HPLC). (2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoic acid
The cinchonidine salt of (2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoic acid (73.59 g, 0.15 mol) (98.1% ee by chiral HPLC) was suspended in IN HCl solution (750 mL) and extracted with methyl tert butyl ether (3 x 200 mL). The combined extracts were dried (Na2S0 ) and concentrated to give about 24.12 g (82%) of (2S)-3-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoic acid (96.7% ee by chiral HPLC). !H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 2.72-2.89 (m, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.8-3.87 (m, IH), 6.64-6.67 (d, 2H), 6.97-7.02 (d, 2H), 9.15 (s, broad, IH), 12.62 (s, broad, IH). MS (ES+) m z 219.0 ([M+Naf). MS (ES-) m/z 195.1 ([M-H]"). [α]D = -2.2° (c = 1, MeOH).
Step 3: ethyl 2£-2-methoxy-3-f4-hvdorxyphenyr) propanoate (e) A solution of (2S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoic acid (35 g) in 140 ml of ethanol was mixed with 5.66 ml of concenfrated sulfuric acid and stirred at room temperature until complete as indicated by HPLC. The ethanol was removed via vacuum distillation (55°C/28"Hg) and 110 ml of water was added. The pH was adjusted to about 7 to 8 with sodium bicarbonate, and the mixture was exfracted with add 50 ml ethyl acetate (3 x 50 ml). The organic layers were combined, washed with 50 ml 20% NaCl solution, dried with 15 g of magnesium sulfate, and concentrate product to afford ethyl 2£-2-methoxy-3-(4-hydorxyphenyl) propanoate as an oil. 1H-NMR (CDCI3): 7.1(d, 2H); 6.7(d, 2H); 4.2(m, 2H); 3.9(m, IH); 3.6(s, 3H); 2.95(m, 2H); 1.25(t, 3H). MS (ES): 223.2 (M-1). Example 247
Synthesis of 2fl-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-f4-phenoxy-phenoxy')- propoxy]phenyl)propanoic acid
Figure imgf000313_0001
Scheme
Figure imgf000313_0002
Step 1: l-bromo-3-("4-phenoxyphenyl)propane (a)
To a 22 L flask was added 4-phenoxyphenol (900 g), 1,3-dibrompropane (5858 g), powered potassium carbonate (1335 g), and methyl ethyl ketone (9 L). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 22°C. The off white slurry was heated to a gentle reflux (~83°C) and held at that temperature for 16 hours. The off white slurry was cooled to 25°C and vacuum filtered, washing the cake of inorganic salts with methyl ethyl ketone (4 L). The filtrate was concentrated on a rotary evaporator while increasing the temperature to 90°C under house vacuum. After the condensation had stopped, the oil was held at 90°C under vacuum for an additional two hours to ensure the remaining 1,3-dibrompropane below 8% by GC analysis. The residue was dissolved in 3L of methyl alcohol, and the white slurry was cooled slowly to about 0-5°C and held at that temperature overnight. The product was filtered, washed with cold methyl alcohol (6 L), and dried at 30°C for about 20 hours to afford about 1234 g of compound (a) in 84 % yield (99.4 % pure by GC). Η-NMR (CDC13): 7.3(2H, m), 7.1(2H, m), 7.0(2H, m), 6.9(2H, m), 4.1(2H, m); 3.6(2H, m); 2.3(2H, m).
Step 2: ethyl 2£-2-methoxy-3-(4-r3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- propoxy]phenyl}propanoate(h') l-Bromo-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)propane (1337 g), ethyl 25-2-methoxy-3-(4- hydorxyphenyl)propanoate (957 g) and dimethylformamide (5 L) were charged to a 22 L flask. After a solution was obtained, powered potassium carbonate (1770 g) was added. The mixture was stirred for 16 hours at ambient temperature and then quenched by adding water (6.5 L) while maintaining temperature at 20 to 30 °C. The aqueous layer was exfracted three times with ethyl acetate (5 L each). The combined organic layers were washed with water (3 x 4 L) and brine (4 L). The organic layer was then dried with sodium sulfate (1000 g), filtered, and washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated to afford about 1974 g of crude (b). Η- NMR (CDC13): 7.3(m, 2H); 7.2(d, 2H); 7.0(m, IH); 6.95(m,4H); 6.9(d, 2H); 6.85(d, 2H); 4.2(m, 2H); 4.15(m, 4H); 3.9(t, IH); 3.39(s, 3H); 2.99(m, 2H); 2.25(m, 2H); 1.25(m, 3H). MS (ES)= 468.2 (M+NH4).
Step 3 : Σff-Σ-methoxy-S- (4-[3-f4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]phenyl)propanoic acid, sodium salt (c)
To a 22L flask, a solution of compound (b) (987 g) in ethanol (10 L) was added and stirred, followed by adding 5 N NaOH (4.4 L) for over 60 minutes at a temperature at 20 to 30°C. The slurry was stirred for about an hour at ambient temperature and then cooled to 10-15 °C where the mixture was held at that temperature for 1 hour and filtered. The solid was washed with alcohol (8 L) and MTBE (50 L) to afford the compound (c), which can be further purified by recrystallizing from ethyl acetate: 1H-NMR (DMSO): 7.35(m, 2H); 7.1(m, 3H); 7.0(m, 4H); 6.9(d, 2H); 6.8(d, 2H); 4.1(m, 4H); 3.4(t, IH); 3.1(s, 3H); 2.8(dd, IH); 2.6(m, IH); 2.15(m, 2H). MS (ES): 421.2 (M-1).
Step 4: 2l$r-2-methoxy-3-(4-[3-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]phenyl}propanoic acid (d) 2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester (b) (12.15 g, 27 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (250ml) at ambient temperature, and 5N NaOH (54 ml, 270 mmol) was added dropwise. The slurry was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with water (250 ml), and cone. HCl (33ml) was added dropwise. The resulting slurry was stirred at ambient temperature for about 2 hours. The white solid was filtered and dried under vacuum at 70°C for 16 hours to afford about 10.5 g of the compound (d). Η-NMR (CDC13): 7.3 (m, 2H), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.07 (t, IH), 6.9 (m, 8H), 4.19 (m, 4H), 4.0 (m, IH), 3.4 (s, 3H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 2.25 (m 2H). MS (ES): 421.2 (M-1).
Example 248 r2 )-f2'R6r)-2-Merhoxy-(4-r2,-methyl-3-f4-phenoxy-phenoxyVpropoxyl-ρhenyl)- propionic acid
Figure imgf000316_0001
A solution of (2,S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid {4-[2-methylen-3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid from Example 74, in ethanol was treated with Pd/C and H2 for over 2 hours at 1 atm. The mixture was filtered through celite and concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound as a mixture of isomers. MS (ES) for C26H28O6 [M+NH4 : 454.2, [M-H]-: 435.2.
Example 249 2fS)-3-[4-(3-Benzyloxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxypropionic acid
Figure imgf000316_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl]-2- methoxypropionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step C) via the Mitsunobu reaction-cleavage (Standard Procedure G). Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H), 7.14 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 6.82 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 4.52 (s, 2H), 4.06 (t, 2H, 7=6.2), 3.97 (dd, IH, 7=7.2, 4.6), 3.65 (t, 2H, 7=6.2), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, 7=14.4, 4.4), 2.95 (dd, IH, 7=14.4, 7.2), 2.07 (qn, 2H, 7=6.2). Example 250 f2S)-3-[4-(5-Benzyloxy-pentyloxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxypropionic acid
Figure imgf000317_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid linked to Wang's Resin (Example 94, Step C) via the Mitsunobu reaction-cleavage (Standard Procedure G) with 5-benzyloxy-pentan-l-ol. ^-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): 7.4-7.3 (m, 5H), 7.14 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 6.81 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.0-3.9 (m, 3H), 3.50 (t, 2H, 7=6.2), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.08 (dd, IH, 7=14.2, 4.3), 2.95 (dd, IH, 7=14.2, 7.5), 1.9-1.5 (m, 6H).
Example 251
C2S>2-ethoxy- ■f4-[3- 4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl]-phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000317_0002
Step A f2S>2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hvdroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
A solution of (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid in ethanol and
H2SO (catalytic) was stirred overnight. The mixture was concenfrated to dryness and reconstituted in ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with NaHCO3, dried over MgSO and concentrated to dryness to give the title product. Η-NMR
(CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.03 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 7.00 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 6.72-6.77 (m,
IH), 4.44-4.30 (m, IH), 4.22 (q, 2H, 7= 7.9), 3.13-2-77 (m, 2H), 1.24 (t, 3H, 7=
7.9). Ste B
(2S)-2-Hydroxy-3-i4-r3-r4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester
To a solution of compound (Step A) in DMF, CsCO3 (1.0 eq) and 4-(3- bromopropoxy)-l-phenoxybenzene (1.1 eq) (Example 244, Step A) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was concentrated in vacuum and ethyl acetate was added. The organic layer was washed with water and concentrated to affrod, after chromatography on silica gel, the title compound. !H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.28 (dd, 2H, 7= 8.3, 0.8), 7.17-6.84 (m, IIH), 4.44-4.36 (m, IH), 4.28-4.12 (m, 6H), 3.13-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.76 (m, IH), 2.32-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.29 (t, 3H, 7= 7.9).
Step C
2-Ethoxy-3- {4- [3 -(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl) -propionic acid ethyl ester A solution of (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid ethyl ester, AgO2 (1.5 eq) and ethyl iodide (excess) in dichloromethane was stirred over 10 days. The crude mixture was filtered through celite and concenfrated to dryness. The compound was purified by chromatography to give the title product. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.34-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.18- 6.82 (m, I IH), 4.18-4.17 (m, 6H), 4.01-3.94 (m, IH), 3.68-3.53 (m, IH), 3.43-3.28 (m, IH), 2.96 (d, 2H, 7= 6.5), 2.25 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2), 1.20 (dt, 6H, 7= 12.6, 7.3).
Step D
(2S)-2-ethoxy- {4-[3-f4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl]-phenyl} -propionic acid The title compound was prepared from 2-ethoxy-3 - {4- [3 -(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)- propoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid ethyl ester (Step C) by standard hydrolysis procedure C (LiOH). MS (ES) for C26H28O6 [M+NHif: 454.2, [M-H]':435.2.
Example 252 C2S)-2-Benzyloxy-3- {4-[3-f4-ρhenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000319_0001
The title compound was prepared as in Example 251 using benzyl bromide as alkylating agent. Hydrolysis under the Standard Procedure C of the corresponding ethyl ester derivative gave us the title compound. MS(ES) for C3]H oθ6 [M+NEUf: 516.2, [M-H]-: 497.2.
Example 253 2S)-3-{4-[3-r4-{4-[2- tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethoxy]-benzoyl}-phenoxy)- propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000319_0002
Step A
(2S)-3-(4-[3-[4-(4-hydroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy1-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000319_0003
Concentrated sulfuric acid (0.05 mL) was added to a solution of (2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4- hydroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (0.18 mmol, 80 mg) (Example 170) in ethanol (20 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for three days, and the solvent was concentrated under vacuum. After addition of water, the mixture was neutralized with solid NaHC03 and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgS0 , filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound. !H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.76 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 7.71 (d, 2H, 7=8.8), 7.13 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 6.97-6.80 (m, 6H), 6.37 (br s, IH), 4.25-4.10 (m, 6H), 3.93 (dd, IH, 7=7.0, 5.6), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.27 (qn, 2H, 7=5.9), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7=7.1).
Step B f2SV3-(4- 3-('4-(4-r2-rtert-BuM-dimethyl-silanyloxyVethoxy1-benzoyl)-phenoχyV propoxy]-phenyl) -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000320_0001
Diisopropyl azodicarboxilate (0.2 mmol, 0.04 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of 2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethanol (0.26 mmol, 46 mg) (Example 122, Step A), (2S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-hydroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.13 mmol, 65 mg) and triphenylphosphine(0.2 mmol, 38 mg)in anhydrous toluene(2 mL) at 0°C under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, quenched with water and exfracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude mixture was chromatographed on silica gel using a 4/1 hexane/EtOAc mixture as eluent to afford the title product. 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.76 (d, 4H, 7=8.9), 7.13 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 6.96 (d, 4H,
7=8.6), 6.83 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 4.26-4.09 (m, 8H), 4.02-3.87 (m, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.28 (qn, 2H, 7=5.9), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7=7.1), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 6H).
Step C f2SV3-f4-r3-f4-f4-r2-rtert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxyVethoxyl-benzoyl)-phenoxyV propoxy1-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-{4-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl- silanyloxy)-ethoxy]-benzoyl}-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester by the standard hydrolysis procedure C (LiOH). -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.76 (dd, 4H, 7=8.6, 1.6), 7.15 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 6.95 (dd, 4H, 7=8.8, 1.6), 6.83 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 4.24 (t, 2H, 7=6.0), 4,17-4.09 (m, 5H), 4.02-3.94 (m, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.12-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.27 (qn, 2H, 7=6.0), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 6H).
Example 254
(2S)- 3-f4-f3-{4-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-benzoyl]-phenoxy)-propoxy')-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000321_0001
The compound of (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-{4-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethoxy]- benzoyl}-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 253, Step C) (0.05 mmol, 30 mg) was dissolved in 5 mL of a mixture of acetic acid, THF and H20 (3:1:1) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford the title compound. MS(ES) for C28H30O8 [M+H]+: 495.1
Example 255
(2SV3-(4-r3-('4-Phenoxy-phenoxy')-propoχy]-phenyl)-2-propoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000321_0002
Step A
3-C4-Benzyloxy-phenylV2-hvdroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000322_0001
A mixture of 2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example
251, Step A) (5.2 mmol, 1.1 g), benzyl bromide (5.2 mmol, 0.62 mL) and potassium carbonate (15.7 mmol, 2.2 g) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was refluxed overnight. The mixture was cooled down to room temperature and concenfrated to dryness to give a crude, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to afford the title product.
MS (ES) for Cι8H20O4 [M+NEUf : 318.3
Step B
(2S)-2-Allyloxy-3-f4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000322_0002
Silver (I) oxide (5.7 mmol, 1.3 g) was added to a mixture of (S)-3-(4-benzyloxy- phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (3.8 mmol, 1.2 g) and allyl bromide (19 mmol, 1.6 mL) in DMF (10 mL) at room temperature, and the reaction mixture was heated at 50°C for 20 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (4 x 20 mL) and brine, dried over MgSO , filtered and concenfrated under vacuum. The crude mixture was chromatographed on silica gel using a 4/1 hexane/ethyl acetate mixture as eluent to afford the title product. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.46-7.32 (m, 5H), 7.18 (d, 2H, 7=8.9), 6.91 (d, 2H, 7=8.9), 5.91-5.72 (m, IH), 5.25-5.12 (m, 2H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 4.11 -4.03 (4H, m), 3.94-3.84 (m, IH), 2.99 (d, 2H, 7=7.0), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7=7.0). Step C
(2S)-3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-propoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000323_0001
A mixture of (S)-2-allyloxy-3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (1.33 mmol, 450 mg) and 10% Pd/C (45 mg) in EtOH (15 mL) were stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) for 18 hours. The mixture was filtered through celite and concenfrated under vacuum to afford the title product. -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.10 (d, 4H, 7=8.6), 6.73 (d, 2H, 7=8.4), 5.90 (br s, IH), 4.16 (q, 2H, 7=7.3), 3.94 (t,lH, 7=6.7), 3.53-3.45 (m, IH), 3.27-3.16 ( , IH), 2.93 (d, 2H, 7=6.5), 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.22 (t, 3H, 7=7.3), 0.84 (t, 3H, 7=7.5).
Ste D
(2S)-3- {4- 3-(4-Phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-propoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000323_0002
The title compound was prepared from (S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-propoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester and 3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propyl bromide (Example 244) using the Standard Procedure I. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using a 9/1 Hexane/Ethyl acetate mixture as eluent to afford the title product. MS(ES) for C29H34O6 [M+NBkf : 496.3 Step E
(2S)-3-j4-[3- 4-Phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-propoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl}-2-propoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester by the standard hydrolysis procedure C (LiOH). MS(ES) for C27H30O6 [M-H]-: 449.2
Example 256 ('2S)-3-|4-[3- 4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000324_0001
Step A
(2S)-3- {4-[3-r4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000324_0002
The title compound was prepared from 2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester and [4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-phenyl-methanone (prepared from 4-hydroxybenzophenone following the same procedure as in (Example 132, Steps B to D) using the Standard Procedure I. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using a hexane/ethyl acetate mixture (4/1) as eluent to give the racemic product. This racemic mixture was subjected to chiral HPLC separation to give the pure enantiomer. 1H-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.83-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.57-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, 2H, 7=8.8), 6.96 (d, 2H, 7=8.8), 6.83 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 4.25 (t, 2H, 7=6.1), 4,15 (t, 2H, 7=6.2), 3.98 (dd, IH, 7=7.1, 6.0), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.58 (dd, IH, 7=9.1, 7.0), 3.33 (dd, IH, 7=9.1, 7.0), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.28 (qn, 2H, 7=6.2), 1.25 (t, 3H, 7=7.3).
Step B f2S)-3- f 4-[3-f4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl) -2-ethoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid methyl ester by the standard hydrolysis procedure C (LiOH). MS(ES) for C27H28O6 [M-H]-: 447.1
Example 257 f 2SV 3- {4-f 3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxyVpropoxy]-phenyl) -2-ethoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000325_0001
Step A
(2SV 3- {4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-ethoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000325_0002
The title compound was prepared from (S)-2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester and 3-(4-benzyl-phenoxy)-propyl bromide (prepared from 4- benzylphenol following the same procedure as in (Example 132, Steps B to D) using the Standard Procedure I. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using a hexane/ethyl acetate mixture (4/1) as eluent to give the title product. MS(ES) for C29H34O5 [M+NH4f : 480.2
Step B (2S)- 3-{4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-ethoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester by the standard hydrolysis procedure C (LiOH). MS(ES) forC27H30O5 [M-H]-: 433.1
Example 258 (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionicacid
Figure imgf000326_0001
Step A r2SV3-C3-Chloro-4-hvdroxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000326_0002
N-Chlorosuccinimide (2.1 mmol) was added to a solution of (S)-2-ethoxy-3-(4- hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (2.1 mmol) in acetonitrile (12 mL) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 5 days. Solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue was washed with CC14. The resulting suspension was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum and chromatographed on silica gel using a 9/1 hexane/EtOAc mixture as eluent to afford title product. MS(ES) for Cι3Hι7ClO [M-H]": 271.0
Step B
(2S)-3-{4-[3-r4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy1-3-chloro-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000327_0001
The title compoxmd was prepared from (S)-2-ethoxy-3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy- phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester and [4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-phenyl- methanone (Example 256) using the Standard Procedure I. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using a 4/1 Hexane/Ethyl acetate mixture as eluent to give the title product. MS(ES) for C29H3ιClO6 [M+H]+: 511.1
Step C 2S")-3-(4-[3- 4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyI}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (S)-3-{4-[3-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]- 3-chloro-phenyl} -2-ethoxy-propionic acid methyl ester by the standard hydrolysis procedure C (LiOH). -NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): δ 7.82-7.72 (m, 4H), 7.56- 7.43 (m, 3H), 7.07 (dd, IH, 7=8.8, 2.0), 6.97 (d, 2H, 7=8.9), 6.86 (d, 2H, 7=8.3), 4.31 (t, 2H, 7=6.0), 4,21 (t, 2H, 7=6.0), 4.10-4.02 (m, IH), 3.66-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.10- 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.33 (qn, 2H, 7=6.2), 1.20 (t, 3H, 7=7.0).
Example 259 2^-4'-(3-[4-(2-Carboxy-2-memoxy-e&yl)-2-methoxy-phenoxy]-propoxy}-biphenyl-4- carboxylic acid
Figure imgf000327_0002
Step A
3- 4-(3-Hvdroxy-propoxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-2-methoxypropionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000328_0001
A mixture of 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxypropionic acid methyl ester (Example 130, Step B) and 3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propan-l-ol were freated under Mitsunobu standard conditions B using DIAD and toluene. The product obtained was treated under Standard Procedure E for cleavage protected alcohols to give the title product. The 2S isomer was separated from the 2R isomer by chiral. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ. 6.84-6.72 (m, 3H), 4.17 (t, 2H, 7= 5.9), 3.94 (dd, 2H, 7= 7.0, 5.4), 3.87 (t, 2H, 7= 5.4), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.97-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.00 (m, 2H).
Step B
(2.SV4' - { 3-|"2-Methoxy-4-(2-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl -phenoxy]- propoxy)-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000328_0002
3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Step A) and 4'-hydroxy-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Example 197, Step A) were treated under Mitsunobu standard conditions B. The crude was purified by chromatography on silica gel (hexanes/ethyl acetate 7:3) to afford the title compound. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 8.07 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 7.58 (dd, 4H, 7= 10.8, 8.9), 7.14 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 6.99 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 6.84 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 4.24-4.12 (m, 6H), 3.94-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.97-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.27 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7= 7.0).
Step C
(2S)-4 ' - {3-[4-(2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-2-methoxy-phenoxy]-propoxy} - biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid
The title compound was prepared from 4'-{3-[2-methoxy-4-(2-methoxy-2- methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester
(Step B) by standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). Η-NMR (MeOD, 300.15
MHz): δ 8.07 (d, 2H, 7=8.5), 7.69 (d, 2H, 7=8.5), 7.63 (d, 2H, 7=8.7), 7.06 (d, 2H, 7=8.7),
6.91-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.78 (dd, IH, 7=8.1, 1.6), 4.25 (t, 2H, 7=6.3), 4.18 (t, 2H, 7=6.0),
3.94 (dd, IH, 7=7.9, 4.4), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.01 (dd, IH, 7=14.1, 4.4), 2.88
(dd, IH, 7=13.9, 7.7), 2.26 (qn, 2H, 7=6.0).
Example 260
(,2jSr)-3-f4-[3-(4'-tgrt-Butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000329_0001
Step A
3 -Bromo-propan- 1 -ol
To a solution of 1,3-propanediol (5 g, 66 mmol) and benzene (132 mL) was added hydrobromic acid 48% (8 mL). The resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 20 hours while trapping the water formed using a Dean-Stark water separator. The mixture was washed with 2N NaOH solution, 5% HCl, water and brine. The organic layer was dried (Na2S0 ) and evaporated under reduced pressure. Η-NMR (CDC13, 300.15 MHz): δ 3.78 (2H, t, 7= 6.0), 3.52 (2H, t, 7= 6.0), 2.07 (2H, m).
Step B
3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-2-methoxy-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000330_0001
3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 188, Step C) and 3-bromo-propan-l-ol (Step A) were freated in the standard Mitsunobu conditions B (DIAD/toluene) to afford the title compound. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.01 (d, IH, 7= 8.3), 6.39 (m, 2H), 4.06 (t, 2H, 7= 5.9), 4.00- 3.96 (m, IH), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.57 (t, 2H, 7= 6.4), 3.31 (s, 3H), 2.99 (dd, IH, 7= 13.7, 6.2), 2.91 (dd, IH, 7= 13.7, 7.5), 2.34-2.22 (m, 2H).
Step C
C2»S,)-3-f4-[3-('4'-tert-Butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxyVproρoxy1-2-methoxy-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000330_0002
3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-2-methoxy-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Step B) and 4'-tert-butyl-biphenyl-4-ol (Example 221, Step A) were treated under Standard Procedure IL The enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. The 2S isomer was separated from the 2R isomer by chiral HPLC (Chiralpack AD, Hexane 0.05% TFA/IPA, 75/25, isocratic mode, 1 mL/min; RT = 7.70 min). 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.53-7.41 (m, 6H), 7.05-6.95 (m, 3H), 6.45-6.40 (m, 2H), 4.21 (d, 2H, 7= 6.2), 4.14 (d, 2H, 7= 6.2), 4.05-3.98 (m, IH), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.01 (dd,lH,7= 13.4, 6.2), 2.92 (dd, IH, 7= 13.4, 7.5), 2.27 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2).
Step D
(25)-3-{4-[3-(4'-tert-Butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-methoxy-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (25)-3-{4-[3-(4'-tert-butyl-biphenyl-4- yloxy)-propoxy]2-methoxy-phenyl}-2-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Step C) by standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). Η-NMR (Acetone-d6, 300.15 MHz): δ 7.57 (d, 2H, 7=8.7), 7.53 (d, 2H, 7=8.7), 7.45 (d, 2H, 7=8.5), 7.06-7.02 (m, 3H), 6.55 (d, IH, 7=2.0), 6.46 (dd, IH, 7=8.3, 2.2), 4.26-4.17 (m, 4H), 3.96 (dd, IH, 7=7.9, 5.7), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.25 (qn, 2H, 7=6.3), 1.33 (s, 9H).
Example 261 f2lS)-3-f4-{3-[4-r4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000331_0001
Step A C25)-3-(4-[3- tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000331_0002
A mixture of (25)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy propionic acid ethyl ester and 3- (tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propan-l-ol were treated under Mitsounobu coupling standard conditions B using DIAD and toluene. Step B
(2S)-3-r4-('3-Hvdroxy-propoxyVphenyl1-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000332_0001
A solution of (2S)-3-{4-[3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester was treated under Standard Procedure E for cleaveage protected alcohols to give the title product.
Step C
3 -C4-I3 - [4 ' -Ctert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy -biphenyl-4-yloxy] -propoxy) -phenvD-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000332_0002
(25)-3-[4-(3-Hydroxy-propoxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester and 4'-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-biphenyl-4-ol (Example 196, Step A) were treated under Mitsunobu procedure B (DIAD, toluene), to afford the title compound.
Step D
(2 ^-3-('4-{3-[4- 4-Hvdroxy-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-{3-[4'-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)- biphenyl-4-yloxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step A) by standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.15 (d, 2H, 7=8.6), 6.92-6.74 (m, 10H), 4.15-4.09 (m, 4H), 3.98 (dd, IH, 7=7.3, 4.6), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.09 (dd, IH, 7=14.2, 4.6), 2.95 (dd, IH, 7=14.2, 7.3), 2.23 (qn, 2H, 7=5.9). Example 262
(2^ -2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3- 4-(2,2.3.3-tetrafluoro-propoxy)-phenoxyl-propoxy)-phenylV propionic acid
Figure imgf000333_0001
Step A
4-(2,2,3.3-tefrafluoro-propoxy)- 1 -benzyloxy-phenol
Figure imgf000333_0002
To a solution of methanesulfonic acid 2,2,3,3-tefrafluoro-propyl ester (obtained from 2,2,3,3-tefrafluoropropanol and methanesulfonyl chloride as described in (Example 268, Step A) (0.35 mmol, 74 mg) and 4-benzyloxy-phenol (0.175 mmol, 35 mg) in DMF (lmL) was added K2C03, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 100°C for 20 hours. Water was added and the aqueous layer was exfracted twice with hexane and once with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried (Na2S0 ), filtered and evaporated. The crude was purified by chromatography on silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate 4: 1) to afford the title compound. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.42-7.32 (m, 5H), 6.96-6.84 (m, 4H), 6.06 (tt, IH, 7= 53.0, 5.1), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.29 (dt, 7= 12.0, 1.6). Step B
4-f2.2,3.3-Tetrafluoro-propoxy)-phenol
Figure imgf000333_0003
4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-propoxy)-benzyloxy-phenol (0.09 mmol, 28 mg) (Step A) was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL) and Pd(C) (40% weight, 10 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred for 90 minutes under H2 atmosphere (1 atm), and filtered through a celite pad (EtOH). The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound. 1H-NMR (CDCI3, 200.15 MHz): δ 6.85-6.75 (m, 4H), 6.05 (dt, 7= 53.2, 4.8), 4.28 (dt, 2H, 7= 12.1, 1.6).
Ste C
("2^-2-Methoxy-3-r4-f3-[4-r2.2.3.3-tefrafluoro-propoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy)- phenvD-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000334_0001
3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 173, Step A) and 4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-propoxy)-phenol (Step B) were treated under ester K to afford the title compound. Η-NMR (CDCI3, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.13 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.85-6.80 (m, 6H), 6.05 (dt, 1H, 7= 53.2, 5.1), 4.22-4.08 (m, 8H), 3.90 (dd, IH, 7= 7.0, 5.6), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.04-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.22 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2).
Step D
(2)$r)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(2.2.3.3-tetrafluoro-propoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenvD-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(2,2,3,3- tetrafluoro-propoxy)-phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step C) by standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.14 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.84-6.79 (m, 6H), 6.04 (tt, IH, 7= 53.0, 4.8), 4.27 (t, 2H, 7= 12.0), 4.09 (t, 4H, 7= 5.9), 3.97-3.91 (m, IH), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.11-2.87 (m, 2H), 2.20 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9).
Example 263
('2^f)-2-Methoxy-3-C4-(3-[4-(3-methyl-butoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenylVpropionic acid
Figure imgf000335_0001
Step A
2^)-3-{4-[3-r4-benzyloxy-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxy propionic acid
Figure imgf000335_0002
3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-3-methoxy-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 175, Step B) and 4-benzyloxy-phenol were treated under Mitsunobu standard conditions B to afford the title compound. XH-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.44-7.30 (m, 5H), 7.13 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.93-6.73 (m, 6H), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.20-4.06 (m, 6H), 3.90 (dd, IH, 7= 7.0, 5.6), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.00-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.22 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7= 7.2).
Step B ("2S -3-{4-[3-(4-Hvdroxy-phenoxyVpropoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000335_0003
The title compound was obtained following the hydrogenation procedure (Example 261, Step B), starting from (2 )-3-{4-[3-(4-benzyloxy-phenoxy]-prop'oxy}-phenyl)- 2-methoxy propionic acid ethyl ester. -NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.13 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 6.84-6.71 (m, 6H), 4.23-4.06 (m, 6H), 3.91 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 5.9), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.97-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.21 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7= 7.3). Step C
(2^)-2-Methoxy-3- 4-{3-r4-f3-methyl-butoxy)-phenoxyl-propoxy)-phenyl)- propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000336_0001
(2<S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step A) was reacted under Mitsunobu procedure B (DIAD, toluene) with 3-methyl-butanol to afford the title compound. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.13 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.85-6.81 (m, 6H), 4.18 (q, 4H, 7= 7.0), 4.08 (d, 2H, 7= 5.9), 3.96-3.87 (m, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.97-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.22 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2), 1.86-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.23 (t, 5H, 7= 7.0), 0.95 (d, 6H, 7= 6.4).
Step D
("2S)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-(3-[4- 3-methyl-butoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl - propionic acid The title compound was prepared from (2,S)-2-mexhoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-methyl- butoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step B) by standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). !H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.12 (d, 2H, 7=8.4), 6.84-6.80 (m, 6H), 4.09 (q, 4H, 7= 6.2), 3.99-3.88 (m, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.07 (dd, IH, 7= 14.3, 4.4), 2.93 (dd, IH, 7= 14.3, 7.0), 2.19 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2), 1.90-1.71 (m, IH), 1.62 (q, 2H, 7= 6.9), 0.93 (d, 6H, 7= 6.6).
Example 264
(2S)-3- |4-[3-(4-Isobutoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl) -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000336_0002
(2S)-(3- {4-[3-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 263, Step B) was coupled under the ester J with l-bromo-2- methylpropane to afford the title compound. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.14 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.86-6.82 (m, 6H), 4.11 (q, 4H, 7=6.2), 3.98 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 4.6), 3.66 (d, 2H, 7= 6.5), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, 7= 14.5, 4.6), 2.95 (dd, IH, 7= 14.5, 7.3), 2.21 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2), 2.11-1.98 (m, IH), 1.01 (d, 6H, 7= 6.7).
Example 265 (2^n)-3-{4-[3- 4-Isopropoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000337_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3- {4-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 263, Step B) and 2- bromopropene following the procedure described for Example 264. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.14 (d, 2H, 7= 8.3), 6.86-6.82 (m, 6H), 4.40 (qn, IH, 7= 5.9), 4.11 (q, 4H, 7= 5.9), 3.98 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 4.6), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, 7= 14.2, 4.3), 3.01-2.90 (dd, IH, 7= 14.2, 7.2), 2.22 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9), 1.30 (d, 6H, 7= 6.2).
Example 266
' r2^-3-{4-[3-(4-Cvclohexylmethoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000337_0002
The title compound was prepared from (25)-3-{4-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 263, Step B) and (bromomethyl)cyclohexane following the procedure described for Example 264. 1H-NMR (CDCI3, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.14 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.86-6.81 (m, 6H), 4.11 (q, 4H, 7= 6.2), 3.99 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 4.6), 3.70 (d, 2H, 7= 6.2), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, 7= 14.5, 4.6), 2.96 (dd, IH, 7= 14.2, 7.3), 2.23 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2), 1.88-1.67 (m, 6H), 1.39-0.94 (m, 5H).
Example 267
(2ι5)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-f4-phenetyloxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000338_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2$-3-{4-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 263, Step B) and (1- bromoethyTjbenzene following the procedure described for Example 264. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 300.15 MHz): δ 7.32-7.26 (rn, 5H), 7.14 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 6.86-6.82 (m, 6H), 4.15-4.08 (m, 6H), 4.00 (dd, IH, 7= 6.9, 4.4), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.97 (dd, IH, 7= 14.5, 6.9), 2.22 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.1).
Example 268 2^)-3-(4-{3-[4-f3-Dimethylamino-ρroρoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl -2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000338_0002
Step A
Methanesulfonic acid 3-dimethylamino-propyl ester
Figure imgf000338_0003
3 -Dimethylamino- 1-propanol (0.98 mmol, 0.12 mL) was dissolved in THF (2 mL). Triethylamine (1.47 mmol, 0.20 mL) was added, and the mixture was cooled at 0°C. Methanesulfonyl chloride (1.08 mmol, 0.08 mL) was added and the bath removed. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. Hexanes were added and the precipitates were removed by filfration through celite (hexanes). The filtrate was concentrated to afford the title compound. 1H-NMR (CDC13,
200.15 MHz): δ 4.29 (t, 2H, 7= 6.4), 3.00 (s, 3H), 2.39 (t, 2H, 7= 7.0), 2.22 (s, 6H), 1.90 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.7).
Step B r2tSr)-3-('4-(3-[4- 3-Dimethylamino-propoxyVphenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2_S)-3-{4-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 263, Step B) and methanesulfonic acid 3-dimethylamino-propyl ester (Step A) following the procedure described for Example 264. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.14 (d, 2H, 7= 7.8), 6.83-6.77 (m, 6H), 4.10-4.04 (m, 5H), 3.95-3.89 (m, 4H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.13 (m, 2H), 3.06-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 6H), 2.21-2.15 (m, 4H).
Example 269
(2lS)-3-(4-[3-r4-Carboxymethoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000339_0001
Step A
Methanesulfonyloxy-acetic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000339_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described for methanesulfonic acid 3-dimethylamino-propyl ester (Example 268, Step A) starting from ethyl glycolate. JH-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 4.75 (s, 2H), 4.27 (q, 2H, 7= 7.3), 3.20 (s, 3H), 1.31 (t, 3H, 7= 7.3).
Step B
(2.Sf)-3-{4-[3-(4-Carboxymethoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000340_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2_S)-3-{4-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 263, Step B) and methane- sulfonyloxy-acetic acid ethyl ester (Step A) by following the procedure described for Example 264. Η-NMR (MeOD, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.13 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.86-6.81 (m, 6H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 4.15-4.06 (m, 4H), 3.91 (dd, IH, 7= 7.8, 4.8), 3.31 (s, 3H), 2.99 (dd, IH, 7= 14.2, 4.6), 2.85 (dd, IH, 7= 14.2, 7.5), 2.17 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2).
Example 270 (2ι5 -3-(4-{3-[4-(lH-lhdol-5-yl)-phenoxy]-proρoxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propior]icacid
Figure imgf000340_0002
Step A f2ιSr)-3-^4-r3-r4-Iodo-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000340_0003
(2lS -3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 173, Step A) and 4-iodo-phenol were treated under ester K (Cs2CO3) to afford the title compound. Η-NMR (CDC1 , 200.15 MHz): δ 7.54 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 7.13 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.82 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 6.68 (d, 2H, 7= 9.1), 4.23-4.08 (m, 6H), 3.90 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 5.9), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.97-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.23 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7= 7.0).
Step B f 2iSV 3 - 4-{3-[4-(l H-frιdol-5 -vD-phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000341_0001
To a stirred mixture of (25)-3-{4-[3-(4-iodo-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.10 mmol, 50 mg) (Step A), 5-indolyl-boronic acid (0.114 mmol, 18 mg) and powered cesium carbonate (0.23 mmol, 35 mg) in DME (0.5 mL) was added Pd(PPh )4 (0.003 mmol, 4 mg). The mixture was flushed with nitrogen and maintained under nitrogen while being heated at reflux in a 100°C oil bath. The mixture was sthred for 6 hours, and then cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was dried (Na2S0 ) and concenfrated. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (CH2Cl2/EtOAc 96:4) to afford the title compound. Η-NMR (CDCI3, 200.15 MHz): δ 8.20 (broad s, IH), 7.80 (d, IH, 7= 0.8), 7.56 (d, 3H, 7= 8.9), 7.41 (d, 2H, 7= 1.6), 7.23 (dd, IH, 7= 3.2, 2.4), 7.15 (d, 3H, 7= 8.6), 6.99 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 6.85 (d, 3H, 7= 8.6), 6.60-6.58 (m, IH), 4.24-4.11 (m, 8H), 3.92 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 5.9), 3.35 (s, 4H), 2.98-2.94 (m, 3H), 2.28 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9), 1.24 (t, 4H, 7= 7.3).
Step C
(2S)-3 -(4- {3 -\4-( 1 H-Indol-S-ylVphenoxyl -propoxy) -phenyl)-2-methoxy-proρionic acid The title compound was obtained from (2<S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(lH-indol-5-yl)-phenoxy]- propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step B) by following the standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 8.17 (broad s, IH), 7.80 (s, IH), 7.56 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 7.42 (s, 2H), 7.24-7.21 (m, IH), 7.15 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.98 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.86 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.59-6.59 (m, IH), 4.23-4.13 (m, 4H), 3.98 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 4.3), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, IH, 7= 14.5, 4.0), 2.95 (dd, IH, 7= 14.5,7.3), 2.27 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2).
Example 271 (2)S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-r3- 4-pyridin-3-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000342_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2<S)-3-{4-[3-(4-iodo-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 270, Step A) and 3-pyridyl boronic acid by following the procedure described for Example 270 (Steps B and C). 'H-NMR (MeOD, 300.15 MHz): δ 8.76 (s, IH), 8.46 (s, IH), 8.05 (d, IH, 7= 8.1), 7.60 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 7.49 (dd, IH, 7= 7.7,4.8), 7.19 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 7.09 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 6.85 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 4.24 (t, 2H, 7= 6.1), 4.17 (t, 2H, 7= 6.3), 3.74 (dd, IH, 7= 8.7, 3.8), 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.97 (dd, IH, 7= 14.3, 3.8), 2.81 (dd, IH, 7= 14.1, 8.5), 2.26 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.0).
Example 272 2^-2-Methoxy-3-(4-[3-r4-pyridin-4-yl-ρhenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propiorιic acid
Figure imgf000342_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2£)-3-{4-[3-(4-iodo-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 270, Step A) and 4-pyridyl boronic acid by following the procedure described for Example 270 (Steps B and C). -NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 8.67-8.65 (m, 2H), 8.16 (d, 2H, 7= 6.6), 7.90 (d, 2H, 7= 8.8), 7.16-7.09 (m, 4H), 6.82 (d, 2H, 7= 8.8), 4.26 (t, 2H, 7= 6.2), 4.13 (t, 2H, 7= 6.2), 3.90 (dd, IH, 7= 7.7, 4.8), 2.97 (dd, IH, 7= 14.3, 5.1), 2.83 (dd, IH, 7= 14.3, 7.7), 2.24 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9).
Example 273 (2ιS -2-Meτhoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-quinolin-8-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000343_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2,5)-3-{4-[3-(4-iodo-phenoxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 270, Step A) and 8- quinoline boronic acid by following the procedure described for Example 270 (Steps B and C). Η-NMR (MeOD, 300.15 MHz): δ 8.82 (d, IH, 7= 2.6), 8.39 (d, IH, 7= 8.1), 7.92 (d, IH, 7= 7.9), 7.74-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.18 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 7.08 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 6.88 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 4.28 (t, 2H, 7= 6.0), 4.20 (t, 2H, 7= 6.3), 3.90-3.80 (m, IH), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.04-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.29 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.3).
Example 274 (,2(y)-3-f4-r3- 4'-Cvano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy1-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionicacid
Figure imgf000343_0002
Step A
(2iS)-3-{4-[3-(4'-Cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-proρionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000344_0001
(2ιS)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 173, Step A) and 4'-hydroxy-4-biphenylcarbonitrile were treated under Mitsunobu standard conditions B (DIAD, toluene) to give the title compound. !H- NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.71-7.60 (m, 4H), 7.52 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 7.14 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 7.00 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 6.83 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 4.24-4.12 ( , 6H), 3.90 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 5.9), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.97-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.27 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.2), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7= 7.3).
Step B
(2^)-3-{4-[3-(4'-Cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2jS)-3-{4-[3-(4'-cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)- propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step A) via the standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). Η-NMR (MeOD, 300.15 MHz): δ 7.77 (s, 4H),
7.64 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 7.18 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 7.07 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 6.86 (d, 2H, J= 8.3),
4.24 (t, 2H, 7= 6.3), 4.17 (t, 2H, 7= 6.3), 3.84-3.74 (m, IH), 3.03-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.26
(qn, 2H, 7= 6.0).
Example 275 r2^)-2-Methoxy-3-("4-f3-r4'-riH-tefrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yloxy1-propoxy)-phenyl - propionic acid
Figure imgf000344_0002
Step A
(2 )-2-Methoxy-3 -(4- |3-r4' -( lH-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yloxy1-propoxy) -phenylV propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000345_0001
Azidotributyltin (0.72 mmol, 0.2 mL) was added to a solution of (2S)-3-{4-[3-(4'- cyano-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (0.36 mmol, 0.17 g) (Example 274, Step A) in toluene (1 mL). The mixture was heated at 60°C for 48 hours. The mixture was allowed to reach room temperature and IN ΗC1 was added. The mixture was heated at reflux for 24 additional hours. Upon cooling, water was added and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried (Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (hexanes/ethyl acetate/acetic acid 3:2:10%) to afford the title product. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 8.12 (d, 2H, 7= 8.3), 7.65 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 7.51 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 7.11 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.95 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.79 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 4.25-4.06 (m, 7H), 3.97 (dd, IH, 7= 7.0, 5.4), 3.37 (s, 3H), 2.99-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.22 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9), 1.25 (t, 3H, 7= 7.2).
Step B ("2^-2-Methoxy-3-r4-|3-[4'-dH-tetrazol-5-vDbiphenyl-4-yloxy]-propoxy)-phenyl)- propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (25)-2-methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4'-(lH-tetrazol-5- yl)biphenyl-4-yloxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step A) via the standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOΗ). Η-NMR (MeOD, 300.15 MHz): δ 8.09 (d, 2H, 7= 8.3), 7.70 (d, 2H, 7= 8.3), 7.62 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 7.18 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 7.05 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 6.86 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 4.23 (t, 2H, 7= 6.0), 4.17 (t, 2H, 7= 6.1), 3.83 (dd, IH, 7= 8.3, 4.2), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.99 (dd, IH, 7= 14.1, 4.0), 2.84 (dd, IH, 7= 13.9, 8.1), 2.26 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.3). Example 276
(2S)-3- {4-[3-f4-frnidazol-l -yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000346_0001
3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 173, Step A) and 4-(imidazol-l-yl) phenol were freated under ester J to give the title compound. JH-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 8.11 (s, IH), 7.31-7.16 (m, 7H), 6.99 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 6.82 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 4.19 (t, 2H, 7= 6.2), 4.12 (t, 2H, 7= 5.9), 3.95 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 4.8), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.08 (dd, IH, 7= 14.4, 4.8), 2.96 (dd, IH, 7= 14.2, 7.6), 2.26 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9).
Example 277
(2S)-3-(4- -f 3-l4-(T ,3-Dioxo-l .3-dihvdro-isoindol-2-yl')-phenoxy]-propoxy)-phenyl -2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000346_0002
The title compound was obtained from (2<S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 173, Step A) and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) phtalimide by following the procedure described for Example 276. !H-NMR (CDC13, 300.15 MHz): δ 7.97-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.81-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9),
7.15 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 7.02 (d, 2H, 7= 8.9), 6.85 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 4.20 (t, 2H, 7= 6.0),
4.16 (t, 2H, 7= 6.0), 3.99 (dd, IH, 7= 7.3, 4.4), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.11 (dd, IH, 7= 14.3, 4.4), 2.97 (dd, IH, 7= 14.3, 7.1), 2.27 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.0). Example 278
(2S)-3 -(4- 13 -[4-f4-Acetyl-piperazin- 1 -yl)-phenoxy1 -propoxy) -phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000347_0001
The title compound was obtained from (2,S)-3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 173, Step A) and l-acetyl-4-(4- hydroxyphenyl)piperazine by following the procedure described for Example 276. Η-NMR (CDC , 300.15 MHz): δ 7.14 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 6.90-6.80 (m, 5H), 4.15-4.09 (m, 3H), 3.98 (dd, 1H,7= 6.7, 4.9), 3.79-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.11-2.93 (m, 6H), 2.14 (s, 3H).
Example 279 (2)Sr)-2-Methoχy-3-{4-[3-r4-piperazin-l-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000347_0002
Step A
(2 )-2-Methoxy-3 - {4-[3-(4-piperazin- 1 -yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000347_0003
3-[4-(3-Bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 173, Step A) and l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-piperazine were treated under ester K to give the title compound. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 8.01 (s, IH), 7.13 (d, 2H, 7= 8.6), 6.88-6.75 (m, 6H), 4.30 (t, 2H, 7= 6.4), 4.17 (q, 2H, 7= 7.0), 4.02 (t, 2H, 7= 5.9), 3.94-3.87 (m, IH), 3.64-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.98-2.96 (m, 4H), 2.18- 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7= 7.3).
Ste B
(2^r)-2-Methoxy-3-f4-[3- 4-piperazin-l-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2ιS)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-piperazin-l-yl- phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid ethyl ester (Step A) by standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). Η-NMR (MeOD, 300.15 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, 2H, 7= 8.5), 6.89-6.83 (m, 4H), 6.72 (d, 2H, 7= 9.1), 4.30 (t, 2H, 7= 6.3), 4.07 (t, 2H, 7= 6.1), 3.86-3.82 (m, IH), 3.62-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.07-2.83 (m, 6H), 2.12 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.3).
Example 280 f2l$l -2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-f4-moφholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000348_0001
Step A f 2,Sr)-2-Methoxy-3 - { 4-[3 -f 4-moφholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl) -propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000348_0002
A mixture of (2ιS -3-{4-[3-(4-iodo-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (1.03 mmol, 0.5 g), morpholine (1.24 mmol, 0.11 mL), Pd(OAc)2 (0.05 mmol, 12 mg), 2,2'-bis(diphenylphsphino)-l,l'-binaphthyl (0.08 mmol, 48 mg) and cesium carbonate (1.45 mmol, 471 mg) in DMF (2 mL) was heated at 110°C for 14 hours. The mixture was purified through a silica gel column (hexanes/ethyl acetate 7:3) to afford the title compound. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.11 (d, 2H, 7= 8.8), 6.85 (broad s, 2H), 6.80 (d, 4H, 7= 8.8), 4.21-4.04 (m, 6H), 3.91-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.10-2.95 (m, 4H), 2.94-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.20 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9), 1.23 (t, 3H, 7= 7.2).
Step B
('2 )-2-Methoxy-3--f4-[3-r4-morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy')-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
The title compound was prepared from (2ιS)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-morpholin-4-yl- phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester (Step A) by standard hydrolysis procedure C (NaOH). 'H-NMR (CDCI3, 200.15 MHz): δ 9.90 (s, IH),
7.30 (d, 2H, 7= 9.1), 7.10 (d, 2H, 7= 8.4), 6.91 (d, 2H, 7= 9.1), 6.75 (d, 2H, 7= 8.8),
4.18-3.90 (m, 9H), 3.43-3.33 (m, 7H), 3.02 (dd, IH, 7= 14.3, 4.8), 2.90 (dd, IH, 7=
14.3, 7.0), 2.18 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9).
Example 281
(2S)-3-(4-[3- Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000349_0001
Step A 3-{4-r3-rBiphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000350_0001
Boron tribromide (0.03 mmol, 0.03 mL) was added to a solution of 3-{4-[3- (biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy] -2-chloro-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (0.06 mmol, 25.5 mg) (Example 191) in CH2C12 (0.4 mL) at -78°C. The mixture was warmed to temperature gradually and stirred for 12 hours. The solvent was concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound. 'H-NMR (CDCI3, 200.15 MHz): δ 7.56-7.18 (m, 8H), 6.99-6.95 (m, 3H), 6.79-6.75 (m, IH), 4.58-4.42 (m, IH), 4.25-4.12 (m, 4H), 3.34-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.22 (m, 2H).
Ste B
3-(4-r3- Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid Ethyl iodide (0.6 mmol, 0.05 mL) was added to a solution of 3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4- yloxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl}-2-hydroxy-propionic acid (Step A) and Ag20 (0.09 mmol, 21 mg) in DMF (0.5 mL). The mixture was heated at 50°C for 24 hours. The mixture was warmed to room temperature, and IN HCl was added until pH 3. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2S04), filtered and evaporated. The crude was purified by chromatography on silica gel (CH2C12) to afford the title compound. Η-NMR (CDCI3, 300.15 MHz): δ 7.56-7.51 (m, 4H), 7.44-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.30 (t, IH, 7= 7.3), 7.20 (d, IH, 7= 8.5), 6.99 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 6.95 (d, IH, 7= 2.4), 6.77 (dd, IH, 7= 8.5, 2.4), 4.21-4.13 (m, 5H), 3.64-3.54 (m, IH), 3.44-3.34 (m, IH), 3.29 (dd, IH, 7= 14.1, 4.2), 3.01 (dd, IH, 7= 14.1, 8.7), 2.28 (qn, 2H, 7= 6.0), 1.12 (t, 3H, 7= 6.9).
Example 282
3-(4-[3- 4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000351_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-{4-[3-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-2- chloro-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 193) by following the same procedure as in Example 281 (Steps A and B). Η-NMR (CDC13, 300.15 MHz): δ 7.82 (d, 2H, 7= 8.7), 7.76 (d, 2H, 7= 8.1), 7.61-7.55 (m, IH), 7.50-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.18 (d, IH, 7= 8.5), 6.99-6.95 (m, 3H), 6.77 (dd, IH, 7= 8.5, 2.4), 4.25 (t, 2H, 7= 5.9), 4.17-4.14 (m, 3H), 3.61-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.29 (dd, 1H,7= 14.1, 4.9), 3.02 (dd, IH, 7= 14.1, 8.1), 2.31 (qn, 2H, 7= 5.9), 1.14 (t, 3H, 7= 7.1).
EXAMPLE 283 ("2S)-3-{4-r2-(piphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000351_0002
Step 1: (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-ρhenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000351_0003
The compound of (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (5.1 mmol) was dissolved in 50 ml of ethanol and 0.3 ml (5.6 mmol) of sulfuric acid was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours and then concentrated. The mixture was diluted with water (55 ml) and NaHC03 was added (310 mg, 3.7 mmol). This mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 20 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried (MgS0 ) and then concentrated to produce a yellow oil. - MR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.07 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 6.72 (d, 2H, J=8.6), 5.42 (br s, IH), 4.18 (q, 2H, J=7.3), 3.92 (dd, IH, J=6.7, 5.9), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.95 (d, 2H, J=6.7), 1.23 (t, 3H, J=7.3).
Step2: (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000352_0001
A mixture containing (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester obtained in Step 1 (0.223 mol, 50 mg), potassium carbonate (0.446 mol, 50 mg), magnesium sulfate (powdered, 50 mg, 1 g/g), ethylene dibromide (3.35 mol, 628 mg) and EtOH (25 mL) was heated at reflux (78-76°C) for 24 hours and cool to room temperature. The mixture was heated again to reflux (76.5-77°C) and 2 mL of ethylene dibromide was added. The mixture was heated for another 12 hours at 79.5-80.1°C and then cooled to room temperature and vacuum filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 6:1, Rf 0.27) to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for
Figure imgf000352_0002
[M+Na]+: 353.0.
Step 3: (2S)-3-{4-[2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000352_0003
A solution of biphenyl-4-ol (0.39 mmol, 68 mg) in 10 ml of DMF in was freated with (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phehyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester obtained in Step 2 (0.33 mmol, 100 mg) and cesium carbonate (0.66 mmol, 214 mg) in a round bottom flask. The reactants were filtered and washed with DMF several times and the solvent was evaporated under vacuo. The residue was reconstituted in a mixture of ethanol (20 ml) and NaOH (IM) (8 ml), and then stirred at room temperature until TLC indicated the disappearance of starting material. Ethanol was removed under vacuum, and the aqueous solution was diluted with 20 mL of brine and washed with diethyl ether (3 x 15 mL). The aqueous phase was acidified with 1N HCl (pH 1-2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 15 mL). The organic layer was dried (MgS0 ) and concentrated under vacuum to yield the title compound. MS (ES) for C24H2405 [M+Na]+: 415.4.
Example 284
("2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-[3- 3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy1-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000353_0001
Step 1: 3-bromo-propan-l-ol The compound of 1,3-propanodiol (10.26 g, 134.8 mmol) was dissolved in benzene (150 mL), and HBr 48% (16.84 mL) was added. The mixture was refluxed under aceofropic removal of water for 24 hours. The solvent was distilled at atmospheric pressure, and the residue was diluted with ether and (150 mL) and washed with water (3 x 50) mL. The organic layer was dried over MgS0 and concentrated to afford a yellowish oil. Η-NMR (CDC13 , 200.15 MHz): 3.80 (t, 2H, 3=6 A), 3.54 (t, 2H, J=6.5), 2.10 (qn, 2H, 3=6.4).
Step 2: (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000353_0002
A solution of triphenylphosphine (4.77 mmol, 1250 mg) in 50 mL of dry toluene was treated at 0°C with diisopropilazodicarboxylate (4.77 mmol, 964.5 mg) and stirred for about 20 minutes. A solution of (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 1) (4.46 mmol, 1000 mg) and 3- bromo-propan-1-ol (4.77 mmol, 663 mg) in 10 mL of dry THF was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated to dryness under vacuum and purified by silica gel chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 6:1). The fraction with Rf 0.4 coπesponding to the coupled compound was combined and concenfrated to dryness to afford a yellow oil. MS (ES) for Cι5H2ιBr0 [M+Naf: 367.2.
Step 3: (2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000354_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 3-trifluoromefhyl- phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3- {4-[2-(Biphenyl-4- yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3) to produce a yellow solid. MS (ES) for C2oH2ιF3θ5 [M+NEUf: 421.4.
Example 285
(2S)-2-methoxy-3 - [4-f 3 -phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid
Figure imgf000354_0002
A solution of (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) (0.1 mmol, 32 mg) in 0.7 ml of DMF in a 16 x 100 mm tube was freated with phenol (0.15 mmol, 15 mg), cesium carbonate (0.3 mmol, 95 mg). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and the reactants were filtered and washed with DMF a several times. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and the residue was reconstituted in a mixture of ethanol (2 ml) and NaOH (IM, 1 ml), which was stirred at room temperature until reaction was completed by HPLC-MS. Upon completion, HCl (IM) was added (pH=3) and the solvents were eliminated under vacuum. The residue was reconstituted in CH2C12/H20 and filtered through a hidrofobic syringer. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and purified by HPLC-MS to afford the title compound as a colorless oil. MS (ES) for Cι9H2205 [M+NH4]+: 348.4.
Example 286 (2S)-3-{4-r3-(hiphenyl-3-yloxy')-propoxyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000355_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-ρropoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and biphenyl-3-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C25H26θ5 [M+Na]+: 429.4.
Example 287
C2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-[3- 2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxyVpropoxy]-phenyl)- propionic acid
Figure imgf000355_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 2-methyl- benzothiazol-5-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2- methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil.
MS (ES) for C21H23NO5S [M+H]+: 402.4. Example 288
("2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000356_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 3-Morpholin-4-yl- phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C23H29NO6 [M+H]+: 416.4.
Example 289 2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-f5.6.7.8-tetrahvdro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000356_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-ρropoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- naphthalen-2-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-{4-[2- (biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3), to produce a white solid.
MS (ES) for C23H28O5 [M+Naf: 402.4.
Example 290
2-methoxy-3 - {4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy -phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000357_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 4-phenoxy-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-{4-[2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)- ethoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3) to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C24H24O6 [M+NHjf : 426.0.
Example 291 3-l3-[3-fbiphenyl-4-yloxyVpropoxyl-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ("isomer 1)
Figure imgf000357_0002
Step 1: 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000357_0003
Sodium trimethylsilylamide IM in THF (20.73 mL, 20.73 mmol) was added to a 2- neck round bottom flask under nitrogen. The flask was placed in an acetone bath cooled to about -78°C. A solution of methyl 2-methoxyacetate (2.34 mL, 23.55 mmol) and 3-benzyloxybenzaldehyde (4.0 g, 18.85 mmol) in dry THF (24 mL) was added dropwise via cannula over 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred at -78°C for 3 hours. HPLC-MS showed the presence of starting aldehyde at this time. Additional lOmL of NaHDMS were added, and the mixture was stirred for another hour, and then HCl 3N (50 mL) was added to the mixture at -78°C. The bath was removed, and the mixture was exfracted with diethyl ether (4 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO and concentrated to afford an oil that was purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 3:1). Rf. 0.13. (two isomers) 1H- NMR (CDC13 , 200.15 MHz): 7.45-7.22 (m, 12H), 7.05-6.89 (m, 6H), 5.07 (d, 4H, J=l.l), 4.93 (dd, 2H, J=11.8, 5.9), 3.97 (d, IH, J=5.6), 3.89 (d, IH, J=5.4), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 2.92 (br s, IH), 2.83 (br s, IH).
Step 2: 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000358_0001
The compounds of 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 1) (4.06 g, 12.84 mmol), friethylamine (7.15 mL, 51.33 mmol) and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (0.157 g, 1.28 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL) in a round bottom flask and then cooled to 0 °C under ice bath. Mesyl chloride (1.093 mL, 14.1 mmol) was added dropwise via syringe, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature until no starting aldol is observed by HPLC-MS (4 days, 0.2 additional mL of MsCl were added each day). The mixture was diluted with 200 mL of diethyl ether, washed with HCl (IN, 3 x 40 mL) and 40 mL of brine, and dried over MgSO4. Concentration of the mixture afforded 3.96 g of a 2.5:1 mixture of the acrylate and a single isomer of the mesylate intermediate which was directly used in the next Step. Η-NMR (CDC13 , 200.15 MHz): 7.46-7.26 (m, 8H), 6.99-6.93 (m, IH), 5.10 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H).
Step 3: 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000358_0002
A solution of 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 2) (3.96 g) in methanol (10 mL) was placed in a round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser. The mixture was cooled to 0°C and Mg turnings (6.45 g) were added. The mixture was initially stirred vigorously and then further stirred at room temperature for about an hour. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum, and 100 mL of diethyl ether were added to the resulting solid. HCl (3N, 100 mL) was added and the solution was stiπed for one minute. The organic layer was separated from the slurry, and 100 mL of diethyl ether and HCl (3N, 100 mL) were added to the remaining slurry. The procedure was repeated until the entire solid was dissolved. The combined ethereal extracts were washed with brine and dried over MgSO4. Concentration of the mixture afforded a yellow oil which was about 90% pure by NMR. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.45-7.17 (m, 6H), 6.88- 6.81 (m, 3H), 5.05 (s, 2H), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.4), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.00 (d, IH, J=5.1), 2.99 (d, IH, J=7.8).
Step 4: 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000359_0001
The compounds of 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
(Example 291, Step 3) (3.15 g, 10.49 mmol) and Pd 10% on activated carbon (0.558 g, 0.524 mmol) were placed in a 250-ml round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar. 100 mL of methanol was added, and hydrogen was bubbled through the solution for 10 minutes. The flask was sealed with a rubber septum, and a balloon containing 250 mL of hydrogen was connected to the flask through a needle. The mixture was stiπed at room temperature for 5 hours and then concentrated to dryness under vacuum. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and filtered through a pad of celite. Concenfration of the mixture afforded an oil. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.15 (dt, IH, J=l.l, 7.0), 6.79-6.68 (m, 3H), 5.27 (br s, IH), 3.98 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 5.6), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 2.97 (d, IH, J=3.8), 2.97 (d, lH, J=9.1). Step 5 : [1,3,2] dioxathiane 2,2-dioxide
o %? o
Thionyl chloride (36 mL, 491 mmol) was added to a solution of 1,3-propanodiol (30 g, 394 mol) in CCLt (278 mL) via syringe. The mixture was heated at reflux for 1.5 hours and cooled to 0°C to evaporate the solvent under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in a mixture of CCI4/CH3CN/H2O (2:2:3=500 mL) and cooled to 0°C. Ruthenium trichloride trihydrate (0.556 g, 2.68 mmol) was added followed by addition of solid NaIO4 (14.35 g, 197 mmol). The mixture was stiπed at room temperature for 1 hour and then H2O (1 L) was added. The aqueous phase was exfracted with diethyl ether (4 x 300 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 100 mL), dried (MgSO ), and filtered through a pad of silica gel to remove the ruthenium salts. The solvent was evaporated, and hexanes (200 L) was added to the resulting oil. After cooling, a gray solid was precipitated, which was filtered and washed with hexanes. RecrystaUization from hexanes/ether yielded a white crystalline solid. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDCI3): d 4.73 (t, 4H, J=5.6), 2.13 (qn, 2H, J=5.6).
Step 6: 3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propan-l-ol
Figure imgf000360_0001
A solution of 4-phenylphenol (4.9 g, 29.0 mmol) and potassium tert-butoxide (3.64 g, 30.3 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The solution was cooled at 0°C and [l,3,2]dioxathiane 2,2-dioxide (Example 291, Step 5) (3.6 g, 26.34 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added. The mixture was stiπed at room temperature for 5 hours, and the solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was dissolved in 6N HCl (15 mL) and heated at 100°C for 16 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with H2O (3 x 25 mL) and brine (25 mL), dried (MgSO ), filtered, and concenfrated to produce a white solid. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): d 7.57-7.49 (m, 4H), 7.45-7.37 (m, 3H), 6.98 (dd, 2H, J=6.72, 2.14), 4.17 (t, 2H, 3=5.9), 3.88 (q, 2H, J=5.9), 2.07 (qn, 2H, J=5.9).
Step 7: 4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-biphenyl
Figure imgf000361_0001
Triphenylphosphine (1.61 g, 6.14 mmol) was added to a solution of 3-(biphenyl-4- yloxy)-propan-l-ol (Example 291, Step 6) (1.00 g, 4.38 mmol) and carbon tetrabromide (1.81 g, 5.47 mmol) in CH2C12 (20 mL) at 0°C. The mixture was warmed to room temperature and stiπed for about an hour and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with H2O (3 x 50 mL) and brine (3 x 25 mL), and then dried (MgSO4), filtered and concenfrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate, 9:1) to produce 4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-biphenyl. Η-NMR (200.15 MHz, CDC13): d 7.57-7.29 (m, 7H), 6.98 (dd, 2H, J=6.72, 1.88), 4.15 (t, 2H, J=5.92), 3.62 (t, 2H, J=6.44), 2.34 (qn, 2H, J=5.92).
Step 8: 3-{3-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Isomer 1)
Figure imgf000361_0002
The title compound was prepared from 4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-biphenyl (Example
291, Step 7) and 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
(Example 291, Step 4) (0.3 g, 1.42 mmol) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-{4-[2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3). The crude material was submitted to chiral
HPLC separation to afford the single enantiomer of isomer 1. ^-NMR (CDC13,
200.15 MHz): 7.57-7.17 (m, 7H), 6.99 (dd, 2H, J=6.7, 2.2), 6.85-6.80 (m, 3H), 4.19 (dd, 4H, J=13.4, 6.4), 4.03 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.40 (s, 3H), 0.14 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 4.3), 2.98 (dd, IH, J=14.8, 7.5), 2.28 (qui, 2H, J=5.9).
Example 292
3-{3-r3-("biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid (Isomer 2)
Figure imgf000362_0001
The title compound was prepared from 4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-biphenyl (Example 291, Step 7), and 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 4) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-{4- [2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3). The crude material was submitted to chiral HPLC separation to afford the single enantiomer of isomer 2. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.57-7.17 (m, 7H), 6.99 (dd, 2H, J=6.7, 2.2), 6.85-6.80 (m, 3H), 4.19 (dd, 4H, J=13.4, 6.4), 4.03 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.3), 3.40 (s, 3H), .14 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 4.3), 2.98 (dd, IH, J=14.8, 7.5), 2.28 (qn, 2H, J=5.9).
Example 293 (2S)-3-{4-[3-(2-cvano-phenoxyVpropoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000362_0002
Hie title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 2-hydroxy- benzonitrile via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4- (3-phenoxy-propoxy)-ρhenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C20H2ιNO5 [M+NHjf : 373.4. Example 294
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4- 3-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000363_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 2-methoxy-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C20H24O6 [M+NH4f : 378.4.
Example 295
(2S)-2-(3-[4-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000363_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2- methoxy-3-[4-(3-ρhenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil.
MS (ES) for C20H22O7 [M+Hf : 375.2.
Example 296
(2S)-3-{4-[3-(3-cvano-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000363_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 3-hydroxy- benzonitrile via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4- (3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil.
MS (ES) for C20H2ιNO5 [M+NT J* : 373.4.
Example 297
(2S)-3 - (4-[3 -(3 -dimethylamino-phenoxyVpropoxy] -phenyl) -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000364_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 3-dimethylamino- phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C2ιH27NO5 [M+H]+: 374.4.
Example 298 (2S)-3-{3-[4-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid
Figure imgf000364_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 3-hydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2- methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C20H22O7 [M+Naf: 397.4.
Example 299 (2S)-3-{4-[3-(indan-5-yloxy)-propoxy1-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000365_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and indan-5-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C22H26O5 [M+Naf: 393.4.
Example 300 (2S)-2-methoxy-3-f4-[3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000365_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and naphthalen-2-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C23H24O5 [M+Naf: 403.4.
Example 301 (2S)-3-(4-[3-(lH-indol-5-yloxy)-propoxy1-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000365_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and lH-indol-5-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C21H23NO5 [M+H]+: 370.4.
Example 302 (2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-[3-(quinolin-6-yloxy)-propoxy]-ρhenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000366_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and quinolin-6-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C22H23NO5 [M+H]+: 382.4.
Example 303 (2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy1-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000366_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 3-methoxy-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-proρionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C20H2 O6 [M+H]+: 361.4.
Example 304
(2S)-3--[4-[3-('3-fluoro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000367_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 3-fluoro-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for Cι9H21FO5 [M+Naf : 371.4.
Example 305 (2S)-3--i'4-[3-(2-isopropyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000367_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2) and 2-isopropyl-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C22H28O5 [M+NH4]+: 390.4.
Example 306 (2SV2-methoxy-3-[4-(2-phenoxy-ethoxy')-phenyl]-propionic acid
Figure imgf000367_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C18H20O5 [M+Naf: 339.3.
Example 307
(2S)-3-{4-[2-(2-cyano-phenoxy)-ethoxy1-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000368_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 2-hydroxy- benzonitrile via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4- (3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for Cι9H19NO5 [M-H]": 340.3.
Example 308
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-i4-[2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethoχy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000368_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 2-methoxy-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for Cι9H2206 [M+Naf: 369.4. Example 309
(2SV3- ■f4-r2-(biphenyl-2-yloxy)-ethoxyl-phenyl) -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000369_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and biphenyl-2-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C24H2405 [M+Naf: 415.4.
Example 310
(2SV2- (2-[4-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-ethoxy) -benzoic acid
Figure imgf000369_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2- methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C19H20O7 [M+Naf: 383.3.
Example 311 (2S)-3-{4-[2-(2-isopropyl-phenoxy -ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000369_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 2-isopropyl-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C2ιH2605 [M+Naf: 381.4.
Example 312 (2S)-3-{4-[2-(3-cyano-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000370_0001
.The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 3-hydroxy- benzonitrile via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4- (3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid.
MS (ES) for Cι9Hι9N05 [M-H]-: 340.3.
Example 313
(2S)-3-(4-[2-(3-dimethylamino-phenoxy)-ethoxy1-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000370_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 3-dimetlιylamino- phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a yellow oil.
MS (ES) for C2ιH2605 [M+H]+ : 360.4.
Example 314
(2S -3-{4-[2-(biphenyl-3-yloxy>ethoxy]-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000371_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and biphenyl-3-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3 -[4-(3 -phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C24H2405 [M-H]": 391.4.
Example 315 (2SV3- (2- 4-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-ethoxy) -benzoic acid
Figure imgf000371_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 3-hydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2- methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C19H20O7 [M-H]": 359.3.
Example 316 (2S)-3-{4-[2-(indan-5-yloxy')-ethoxy1-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000372_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and indan-5-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-ρropionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C2ιH2405 [M-H]": 355.3.
Example 317
(2S)-2-methoxy-3- {4-[2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy>ethoxyl-phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000372_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and naphthalen-2-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C22H2205 [M+Naf: 389.3.
Example 318
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-|4-[2-rquinolin-6-yloxy)-eτhoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000372_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-efhoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and quinolin-6-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C21H21N05 [M+H]+: 368.3.
Example 319
(2S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-(3-morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-ethoxyl-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000373_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 3-morpholin-4-yl- phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a yellow oil. MS (ES) for C22H27N06 [M+H]+: 402.4.
Example 320
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000373_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 2-methyl- benzothiazol-5-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2- methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-ρropoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a yellow oil. MS (ES) for C20H21NO5S [M+H]+ : 388.3.
Example 321
(2SV2-methoxy-3- {4-r2-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy1-phenyl) -propionic acid
Figure imgf000374_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 3-methoxy-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for Cι9H2206 [M-H]": 345.3.
Example 322
(2S)-3- 4-[2-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000374_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 3-fluoro-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for Cι8Hι9F05 [M-H]": 333.3.
Example 323
2-methoxy-3-F3-(3-phenoxy-propoxyyphenyl]-propionic acid (isomer T)
Figure imgf000375_0001
Step 1: 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000375_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-bromo-propan-l-oI (Example 284, Step 1) and 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291 , Step 4) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-[4-(3-bromo- propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 284, Step 2). 1H- NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.26-7.16 ( , IH), 6.80 (t, 3H, J=7.3), 4.09 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 3.97 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 5.4), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.60 (t, 2H, J=6.4), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.00 (s, IH), 2.97 (d, IH, J=3.2), 2.31 (qn, 2H, J=6.2).
Step 2: (Isomer-1) 2-methoxy-3-[3-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid
Figure imgf000375_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C19H2205 [M+Naf: 353.3.
Example 324
3-{3-[3-(2-cyano-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000375_0004
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-cianophenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyTJ-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H2ιNO5 [M+Naf: 378.3.
Example 325 3-f3-[3-(3-cvano-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000376_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3 -[3 -(3 -bromo-propoxy)-phenyl] -2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 3-cianophenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H2ιNO5 [M+Naf: 378.3.
Example 326 2-methoxy-3-[3-(3-phenoxy-propoxyVphenyl]-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000376_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C19H2205 [M+Naf: 353.3.
Example 327
3-(3-[3-(2-cyano-phenoxyVpropoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000377_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-cianophenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H21NO5 [M+Naf: 378.3
Example 328 3-(3-[3-(3-cvano-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000377_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 3-cianophenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H2ιNO5 [M+Naf: 378.3
Example 329
2-methoxy-3 - (3 - [3 -(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl } -propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000377_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-methoxyphenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3 -phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H2 O6 [M+Naf: 383.4.
Example 330 2-methoxy-3- (3-[3-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxyl-phenyl)-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000378_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-methoxyphenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H24O6 [M+Naf: 383.4.
Example 331
3-{3-r3-(2-isopropyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer
D
Figure imgf000378_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-isopropylphenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C22H2805 [M+Naf: 395.4.
Example 332
3-(3-[3-(2-isopropyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2 -methoxy-propionic acid (isomer
2)
Figure imgf000379_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-isopropylphenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C22H2805 [M+Naf: 395.4.
Example 333 3-{3-[3-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000379_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)~2-methoxy-3- [4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H22O7 [M+Naf: 397.4.
Example 334
3 - (3 -[3 -(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethylVphenoxy] -propoxy) -benzoic acid (isomer2)
Figure imgf000379_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3- [4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H22O7 [M+Naf: 397.4.
Example 335
2-methoxy-3-{3-r3-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000380_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 3-methoxyphenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H24O6 [M+Naf: 383.3.
Example 336
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid (isomer 2}
Figure imgf000380_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 3-methoxyphenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H24O6 [M+Naf: 383.3.
Example 337 2-methoxy-3-{3-r3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid (isomer
1)
Figure imgf000381_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3 -[3 -(3 -bromo-propoxy)-phenyl] -2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-naphthol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC.
'H-NMR (CDCI3, 200.15 MHz): 7.78-7.69 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.12 (m, 5H), 6.84-6.81 (m, 3H), 4.28 (t, 2H, 3=5.9), 4.19 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.02 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.0), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.3), 2.97 (dd, IH, 3=14.2, 7.5), 2.33 (qn, 2H, J=6.2). MS (ES) forC23H2405 [M+Hf : 381.2.
Example 338
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (isomer
2)
Figure imgf000381_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-naphthol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC.
!H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.78-7.69 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.12 (m, 5H), 6.84-6.81 (m, 3H), 4.28 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.19 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.02 (dd, IH, J=7.5, 4.0), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.3), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 7.5), 2.33 (qn, 2H, J=6.2). MS (ES) for C23H2405 [M+H]+: 381.2. Example 339
2-methoxy-3-j3-f3-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000382_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C2ιH23N05S [M+H]+: 402.1.
Example 340
2-methoxy-3-(3-[3-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000382_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C2ιH23N05S [M+H]+: 402.1.
Example 341
3-{3-[3-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000382_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-chlorophenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.35 (dd, IH, J=8.1, 1.9), 7.24-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.97-6.80 (m, 5H), 4.22 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.20 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.02 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.0), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 3.8), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 7.8), 2.30 (qn, 2H, J=6.2).
MS (ES) for Cι9H21C105 [M+Naf: 387.2.
Example 342
3- (3-[3-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000383_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-chlorophenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. 1H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.35 (dd, IH, J=8.1, 1.9), 7.24-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.97-6.80 (m, 5H), 4.22 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.20 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.02 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.0), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 3.8), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 7.8), 2.30 (qn, 2H, J=6.2). MS (ES) for Cι9H21C105 [M+Naf: 387.2.
Example 343 3-(3-[3-(3,4-dimethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000383_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 3,4-dimethylphenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. -NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.18 (d, IH, J=7.5), 7.02 (d, IH, J=8.3), 6.84-6.62 (m, 5H), 4.14 (t, 2H, J=6.4), 4.12 (t, 2HS J=5.9), 4.02 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.0), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 7.5), 2.23 (q, IH, J=6.2.1), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H). MS (ES) for C2ιH2605
Figure imgf000384_0001
Example 344
3-{3-[3-(3.4-dimethyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000384_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 3,4-dimethylphenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.18 (d, IH, J=7.5), 7.02 (d, IH, J=8.3), 6.84-6.62 (m, 5H), 4.14 (t, 2H, 3=6 A), 4.12 (t, 2H, J=5.9), 4.02 (dd, IH, J=7.3, 4.0), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.13 (dd, IH, J=14.2, 4.6), 2.97 (dd, IH, J=14.0, 7.5), 2.23 (q, IH, J=6.2.1), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H). MS (ES) for C2ιH2605 [M+Naf: 381.2.
Example 345
2-{3-[3-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy)-benzoic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000384_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H22O7 [M+H]+: 375.2.
Example 346
2-{3- 3-(2-carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-benzoic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000385_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C20H22O7 [M+H]+: 375.2.
Example 347
3-{3-[3-(biphenyl-3-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000385_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and biphenyl-3-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-proρionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C25H2605 [M+Naf: 429.2.
Example 348
3-{3-[3-(biphenyl-3-yloxy -propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2
Figure imgf000386_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and biphenyl-3-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C25H26θ5 [M+Naf: 429.2.
Example 349
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(quinolin-6-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl) -propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000386_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-[3-(3-bromo-propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and quinolin-6-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C22H23N05 [M+H]+: 382.2.
Example 350
2-methoxy-3-{3-[3-(quinolin-6-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl) -propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000386_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3 -[3 -(3 -bromo-propoxy)-phenyl] -2-methoxy- propionic acid methyl ester (Example 323, Step 1) and quinolin-6-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C22H23N05 [M+H]+: 382.2.
Example 351 3-[3-r2-(2-isopropyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000387_0001
Step 1: 3-[3-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000387_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 4) (4.76 mol, 1000 mg) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2). MS (ES) for Cι3Hι7Br0
Figure imgf000387_0003
Step 2: 3- {3-[2-(2-isopropyl-ρhenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000387_0004
The title compound was prepared from 2-isopropyl-phenol and 3-[3-(2-bronαo- ethoxy)-phenyl]-2 -methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 351, Step 1) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C2ιH2605 [M-H]": 357.2. Example 352 2-methoxy-3-{3-[2-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000388_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-methoxy-phenol and 3-[3-(2-bromo- ethoxy)-phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 351, Step 1) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for Cι9H2206 [M-H]": 345.1.
Example 353
3--f3-[2-(3-fluoro-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000388_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-fluoro-phenol and 3-[3-(2-bromo-ethoxy)- phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 351, Step 1) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for Cι8H19F05 [M-H]": 333.1.
Example 354 2-methoxy-3-{3-[2-(5.6.7.8-tefrahvdro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-ethoxyl-phenyl}- propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000388_0003
The title compound was prepared from 5,6,7,8-tefrahydro-naphthalen-2-ol and 3-[3- (2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 351, Step 1) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C22H2605 [M-H]": 369.2.
Example 355
2-methoxy-3-{3-r2-(3-methoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000389_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-methoxy-phenol and 3-[3-(2-bromo- ethoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 351, Step 1) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. ■ MS (ES) for C19H2206 [M-H]": 345.1.
Example 356 3-{3-[2-(3-fluoro-phenoxy')-ethoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000389_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-fluoro-phenol and 3-[3-(2-bromo-ethoxy)- phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 351, Step 1) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)- phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for Cι8H19F05 [M-H]": 333.1.
Example 357
2-meτhoxy-3-f3-[2-(5,6.7,8-tefrahvdro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-ethoxyl-phenyl>- propionic acid (isomer 2
Figure imgf000390_0001
The title compound was prepared from 5,6,7,8-tefrahydro-naphthalen-2-ol and 3-[3- (2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 351, Step 1) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1). The enatiomers were separated by chiral HPLC. MS (ES) for C22H2605 [M-H]": 369.2.
Example 358
(2SV2-methoxy-3-l4-[2-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000390_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 4-trifluoromethyl- phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C19H,9F305 [M+Naf: 407.2.
Example 359 (2SV2-methoxy-3-(4--f2-r4-(l-methyl-l-phenyl-ethvD-phenoxy]-ethoxy)-phenylV propionic acid
Figure imgf000391_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 4-( 1 -methyl- 1-phenyl- ethyl)-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3- [4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C27H30O5 [M+Naf: 457.2.
Example 360 (2S)-3-(4-[2-(4-benzyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy1-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000391_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 4-benzyl-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C25H2605 [M+Naf: 429.3.
Example 361
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-[2-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy')-ethoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid
Figure imgf000392_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 7-hydroxy-2-phenyl- chromen-4-one via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy- 3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl] -propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a yellow solid. MS (ES) for C27H2407 [M+H]+: 461.3.
Example 362 (2S)-3-{4-[2-(4-cvclopentyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-proρionic acid
Figure imgf000392_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and l-cyclopentyl-4- methoxy-benzene via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2- methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C23H2805 [M+Naf: 407.3.
Example 363 (2S1-3- ■[ 4-[2-(9H-fluoren-2-yloxy1-ethoxy1-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000393_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 9H-fluoren-2-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C25H2405 [M+Naf: 427.3.
Example 364
(2S)-3-|4-[2-(4-butyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000393_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 4-butyl-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C22H2805 [M+Naf: 395.3.
Example 365
(2S -3-(4- 2-(2'-fluoro-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000393_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 2'-fluoro-biphenyl-4- ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid.
MS (ES) for C24H23F05 [M+Naf: 433.3.
Example 366
(2S)-3-(4-{2-r4-(2.2-dimethyl-propionyl)-phenoxy]-ethoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000394_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and l-(4-hydroxy- phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propan-l-onel via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C23H2806 [M+H]+: 401.4.
Example 367
3-(4-{2-[4-(2.2-dimethyl-propionylamino -phenoxy]-ethoxy)-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000394_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and N-(4-hydroxy- phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionamide via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C23H29N06 [M+H]+: 416.4.
Example 368 (2S)-3-(4-{2-[4-(cyclopentanecarbonyl-amino)-ρhenoxy]-ethoxy)-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000395_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (4-hydroxy-phenyl)-amide via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C2 H2 NO6 [M+Hf : 428.3.
Example 369
(2S)-3- 4-(2-{4-[(fuτan-2-caτbonyl)-amino]-phenoxy)-eτhoxy)-phenyl]-2 -methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000395_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and furan-2-carboxylic acid (4-hydroxy-phenyl)-amide via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C23H23NO7 [M+H]+: 426.3. Example 370
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(2-{4- (pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amipo]-phenoxy)-ethoxy)- phenyll-propionic acid
Figure imgf000396_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and N-(4-hydroxy- phenyl)-nicotinamide via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2- methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C24H24N2O6 [M+H]+: 437.3.
Example 371
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(2-pyrrolidin-l-yl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000396_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 2-pyπolidin-l-yl- phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a yellow oil. MS (ES) for C22H27NO5 [M+H]+: 386.3.
Example 372 (2S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[2-(pyridin-2-yloxyVethoxyl-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000397_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and yyridin-2-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-Methoxy-3-[4-(3-phenoxy- propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for Cι7Hι9NO5 [M+H]+ : 318.3.
Example 373
(2S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid.
Figure imgf000397_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 2-morpholin-4-yl- phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a colorless oil. MS (ES) for C22H27NO6 [M+H]+: 402.3.
Example 374 (2S)-3-l4-[2-(4'-tert-butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxyVethoxy]-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000398_0001
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2- methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) and 4'-tert-butyl-biphenyl-
4-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-2-methoxy-3-[4-(3- phenoxy-propoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (Example 285, Step 1), to produce a white solid.
MS (ES) for C28H32O5 [M-H]": 447.2.
Example 375
(2SV2-ethoxy-3- {4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -propionic acid
Figure imgf000398_0002
Step 1: 3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000398_0003
The title compound was preoared from 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde, lithium diisopropylamide and ethyl 2-ethoxyacetate via the same procedure used for the preparation of 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 1). MS (ES) for C20H24O5 [M+H2O-H]+: 327, [M+Naf: 367.4.
Step 2: 3 -(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-acrylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000399_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-3-hydroxy- propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 375, Step 1) via the same procedure used for the preparation of 3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester. MS (ES) for C20H22O [M+H]+: 327.2.
Step 3: 3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000399_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-acrylic acid ethyl ester (Example 375, Step 2) (3.3 gr, 10.12 mmol) via the same procedure used for the preparation of 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 3) to produce an oil that was purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 6:1) to produce two compounds: 3-(4-benzyloxy- phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester (1.5 gr, Rf aprox. 0.65) and the desired compound (1.5 gr, Rf aprox. 0.2).
MS (ES) for C19H22O [M+NH4f : 332.3.
Step 4: 2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000399_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 375, Step 3) via the same procedure used for the preparation of 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 4) to produce a yellow oil. MS (ES) for Cι2Hj6O4 [M+H]+: 225.2, [M+NEUf : 242.2, [M+Naf: 247.2.
Step 5: 4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenoxyphenyl
Figure imgf000400_0001
The title compound was prepared from 4-phenoxy-phenol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C14Hι3BrO2 [M-H]": 291.0.
Step 6: (2S)-2-ethoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid
Figure imgf000400_0002
The title compound was prepared from 2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 375, Step 4) and 4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenoxyphenyl
(Example 375, Step 5) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-{4- [2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3). The crude material was submitted to chiral HPLC separation to afford the single enantiomer isomer 2. MS (ES) for C25H26θ6 [M-H]": 421.4.
Example 376 (2R)-2-ethoxy-3-(4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl)-propionic acid
Figure imgf000400_0003
The title compound was prepared from 2-ethoxy-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 375, Step 4) and 4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenoxyphenyl (Example 375, Step 5) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-{4- [2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3). The crude material was submitted to chiral HPLC separation to afford the single enantiomer isomer 1. MS (ES) for C25H26O6 [M-H]": 421.4.
Example 377 (2S)-3-(4-[2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy')-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-propoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000401_0001
Step 1: 4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-biphenyl
Figure imgf000401_0002
The title compound was prepared from biphenyl-4-ol via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-[4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-phenyl] -2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 2) to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C]4H]3BrO [M-H]": 279.1.
Step 2: (2S)-3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000401_0003
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy- propionic acid via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy- phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 283, Step 1) to afford the product as a yellow oil. 'H-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.35-7.55 (m, 5H), 7.20 (d, 2H, J = 8.3), 6.79 ( d, 2H, J = 8.3), 4.99 (s, 2H), 4.41 (dd, IH, J= 6.5, 4.4), 4.19 (c, 2H, J = 6.9), 2.92 (2dd, 2H, J= 16.1, 4.4), 1.23 (t, 3H, J= 6.9).
Step 3: (2S)-3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-propoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000402_0001
Propyl iodide (41.6 mmol) was added at room temperature to a solution of (2S)-3-(4- benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 377, Step 2) (8.3 mmol) and silver oxide (12.45 mmol) in 40 mL of DMF. The mixture was heated at
50°C for 24 hours. After that the mixture was cooled to room temperature, 300 ml of ethyl acetate and 200 ml of water were added. The aqueous layer was separated and the organic layer were washed with brine (3 X 100 ml), and then dried over (MgSO ), filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The crude was purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate 6: 1) to produce a yellow oil. Η-NMR (CDC13, 200.15 MHz): 7.42-7.31 (m, 5 H), 7.17 (d, 2 H, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.90 (d, 2 H, J = 8.6 Hz), 5.05 (s, 2 H), 4.17 (q, 2 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 3.97 (dd, 1 H, J = 7.0, 6.2 Hz), 3.53 (dt, 1 H, J = 8.9, 6.4 Hz), 3.23 (dt, 1 H, J = 9.1, 6.7 Hz), 2.97 (d, 2 H, J = 6.7 Hz), 1.66-1.48 (m, 2 H), 1.23 (t, 3 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 0.86 (t, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz).
Step 4: (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-propoxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000402_0002
The title compound was prepared from (2S)-3-(4-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-propoxy- propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 377, Step 3) via the same procedure used for the preparation of 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 4) to produce a yellow oil. MS (ES) for C]4H20O4 [M+H]+: 253.1. Step 5: (2S)-3-{4-[2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-propoxy-propionic acid
Figure imgf000403_0001
The title compound was prepared from 4-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-biphenyl (Example 377, Step 1) and (2S)-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-propoxy-pτopionic acid ethyl ester (Example 377, Step 4) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-{4- [2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3) to produce a white solid. MS (ES) for C26H28O5 [M+H]+: 421.0, [M+NH4f : 438.0, [M+Naf: 443.0, [M-H]": 3239.2.
Example 378
3-(3-r3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000403_0002
Step 1: 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-propionic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000403_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-benzyloxy-benzaldehyde and ethyl ethoxyacetate via the same procedure used for the preparation of 3-(3-benzyloxy- phenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 1) to afford the title compound as a colorless oil.
Step 2: 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-acrylic acid ethyl ester
Figure imgf000404_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-3-hydroxy- propionic acid ethyl ester (Example 378, Step 1) via the same procedure used for the preparation of 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 2) to afford the title compound as a colorless oil.
Step 3: 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000404_0002
The title compound was prepared from 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-acrylic ' acid ethyl ester (Example 378, Step 2) via the same procedure used for the preparation of 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 291, Step 3) to afford the title compound as a colorless oil.
Step 4: 2-ethoxy-3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
Figure imgf000404_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-(3-benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 378, Step 3) via the same procedure used for the preparation of 3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-propionic acid methyl ester
(Example 291, Step 4) to afford the title compoud as a yellow oil. MS (ES) for
Figure imgf000404_0004
Step 5: (3-{3-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid (isomer 1)
Figure imgf000405_0001
The title compound was prepared from 3-(biρhenyl-4-yloxy)-propan-l-ol (Example 291, Step 6) and 2-ethoxy-3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester
(Example 378, Step 4) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-{4- [2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3) to produce a white solid. The crude material was submitted to chiral HPLC separation to afford the single enantiomer isomer 1. (ES) for C26H28O5 [M+NELif :
Figure imgf000405_0002
Example 379
3- j3-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-propionic acid (isomer 2)
Figure imgf000405_0003
The title compound was prepared from 3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propan-l-ol (Example 291, Step 6) and 2-ethoxy-3-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid methyl ester (Example 378, Step 4) via the same procedure used for the preparation of (2S)-3-{4- [2-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid (Example 283, Step 3) to produce a white solid. The crude material was submitted to chiral HPLC separation to afford the single enantiomer isomer 2. MS (ES) for C26H28Os [M+NH4]+: 438.0, [M+Naf: 443.0.
Example 380 Binding assay: DNA-dependent binding was carried out using Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) technology. PPARγ as well as its heterodimeric partner RXRα were prepared using a baculovirus expression system. A biotinylated complementary oligonucleotide duplex representing the human consensus PPR response element was used for binding receptor dimer to Yttrium silicate sfreptavidin-coated SPA beads. The 5 '-3' strand had the sequence: 5'TAATGTAGGTAATAGTTCAATAGGTCAAAGG3' (SEQ ID NO: 1); biotin was bound to the first A at the 3 ' end of the complementary 3'-5' strand. The PPARγ labeled ligand was 3H-(s)-3-{4-[3-(biρhenyl-4-yloxy)- propoxyj-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid with specific activiy of 24 Ci/mmol. The binding assay was carried out on 96 well dishes. Per well, lOOng of oligonucleotide was preincubated with 3 μg SPA beads in a binding buffer containing 10 mM HEPES pH 7.8, 80 mM KCl, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 0.5% CHAPS and 16.6 μg bovine serum albumin for 30 minutes at room temperature. The mixture was then spun at 2000 rpm for 3 minutes to pellet the beads-oligo mix. The supernatant was removed, and the beads-oligo pellet was resuspended in the same binding buffer as above but also containing 14% glycerol, 5 μg sheared salmon sperm DNA and 2.5 μg of each receptor, PPARγ and RXRα . A saturation binding assay was carried out using increasing amounts of 3H-(s)-3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4- yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid in the reaction to obtain 0.39nM to 402nM of 3H-(s)-3 - {4- [3 -(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid. Non-specific binding was measured in the presence of 10 μM of unlabeled (s)-3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid. A Kd value was calculated from the saturation binding experiments after plotting specific binding versus concenfration of labeled ligand. Competition binding reactions were carried in the presence of 30,000 cpm of 3H-(s)-3- {4-[3- (biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid and 5nM to 10 μM of competing compounds. The IC50 (nM) values for competing compounds were calculated after deduction of non-specific binding (measured in the presence of 1 OμM unlabeled 3H-(s)-3- {4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid), and the data normalized to total binding (in the absence of any unlabeled compound). The 3H-(s)-3-{4-[3-(biρhenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid was effective in determining the binding affinity of PPAR subtypes in the range of 5nM to lOOOOnM. For example, PPAR compounds with IC50 values less than 500 nM were identified as ligands for PPAR gamma.
Preparation of 3H-(s)-3-f4-r3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy1-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid
Figure imgf000407_0001
In a reaction vessel (s)-3-{4-[3-(4'-bromo-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2- methoxy-propionic acid (6.1 mg) was combined with 10% Pd/CaCO3 (18.6 mg), DMF (0.5ml) and methanol (0.5 ml). The mixture was stiπed under lOCi of tritium gas for about 4.5 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the labile activity was removed by repeated rotary evaporations with methanol. The final residue was dissolved in ethanol. The crude product was purified by reverse phase HPLC eluting with a water/acetonitrile/TFA gradient system. The major UV and radioactive peak was collected and rotary evaporated to dryness. The resulting residue was dissolved in ethanol (yield: 102 mCi)
Example 381
Binding and Cotransfection Studies The in vitro potency of compounds in modulating PPARα and PPARγ receptors were determined by the procedures detailed below. DNA-dependent binding (ABCD binding) was carried out using Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) technology with PPAR receptors. Tritium-labeled PPARα and PPARγ agonists were used as radioligands for generating displacement curves and IC50 values with compounds of the present invention. Cofransfection assays were carried out in CV-1 cells. The reporter plasmid contained an acylCoA oxidase (AOX) PPRE and TK promoter upsfream ofthe luciferase reporter cDNA. Appropriate PPARs and RXRα were constitutively expressed using plasmids containing the CMV promoter. Since for PPARα and PPARβ/δ, interference by endogenous PPARγ in CV-1 cells is an issue, in order to eliminate such interference, a GAL4 chimeric system was used in which the DNA binding domain of the transfected PPAR is replaced by that of GAL4, and the GAL4 response element was utilized in place of the AOX PPRE.
Cofransfection efficacy was determined relative to PPAR-isotope specific reference compounds. Efficacies were determined by computer fit to a concentration-response curve, or in some cases at a single high concentration of agonist (10 μM). Typical range for concentration determination IC50 is in the range of 1 nM to 10 μM. For binding or cofransfection studies with receptors other than PPARs, similar assays were carried out using appropriate ligands, receptors, reporter constructs for that particular receptor.
These studies were carried out to evaluate the ability of compounds of the present invention to bind to and/or activate various nuclear transcription factors, particularly huPPARα ("hu" indicates "human") and huPPARγ. These studies provided in-vitro data concerning efficacy and selectivity of compounds of the present invention. Furthermore, binding and cofransfection data for compounds of the present invention were compared with coπesponding data for marketed compounds that act on either huPPARα or huPPARγ. Binding and cofransfection data for representative compounds of the present invention were compared with coπesponding data for reference compounds to determine the binding.
The concentration of test compound required to effect 50% maximal activation of PPARα (ICsoα) and PPARγ (IC5oγ) was determined. Many of the compounds of the present invention are selective agonists for PPARγ or are co- agonists of PP ARα/PP ARγ. Evaluation of Triglyceride and Cholesterol Levels in HuapoAI Transgenic Mice Five to six week old male mice, transgenic for human apoAI [C57B1/6- tgn(apoal)lrub, Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME] were housed five per cage (10"x20"x8" with aspen chip bedding) with food (Purina 5001) and water available at all times. After an acclimation period of 2 weeks, animals were individually identified by ear notches, weighed and assigned to groups based on body weight. Beginning the following morning, mice were dosed daily by oral gavage for 7 days using a 20 gauge, VA" curved disposable feeding needle. Treatments were test compounds (30 mg/kg), a positive confrol (fenofibrate, 100 mg/kg) or vehicle [1% carboxymethylcellulose (w/v)/ 0.25% Tween80 (w/v); 0.2 ml/mouse]. Prior to termination on day 7, mice were weighed and dosed. Three hours after dosing, animals were anesthetized by inhalation of isoflurane (2-4%) and blood obtained via cardiac puncture (0.7-1.0 ml). Whole blood was transfeπed to serum separator tubes (Vacutainer SST), chilled on ice and permitted to clot. Serum was obtained after centrifugation at 4°C and frozen until analysis for triglycerides, total cholesterol, compound levels and serum lipoprotein profiled by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) coupled to an inline detection system. After sacrifice by cervical dislocation, the liver, heart and epididymal fat pads were excised and weighed. The animals dosed with vehicle had average triglycerides values of about 60 to 80 mg/dl, which were reduced by the positive control fenofibrate (33-58 mg/dl with a mean reduction of 37%). The animals dosed with vehicle have average total serum cholesterol values of about 140 tol80 mg/dl, which were increased by fenofibrate (about 190 to 280 mg/dl with a mean elevation of 41%). When subject to FPLC analysis, pooled sera from vehicle-treated hu apoAI transgenic mice had a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) peak area which ranged from 47v-sec to 62v-sec. Fenofibrate increased the amount of HDLc (68-96v-sec with a mean percent increase of 48%). Test compounds were evaluated in terms of percent increase in the area under the curve. Representative compounds of the present invention were tested using the above method or substantially similar methods. Evaluation of Glucose Levels in db/db Mice
Five week old male diabetic (db/db) mice [C57BlKs/j-m +/+ Lepr(db), Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME] or lean littermates (db+) were housed 6 per cage (10"x20"x8" with aspen chip bedding) with food (Purina 5015) and water available at all times. After an acclimation period of 2 weeks, animals were individually identified by ear notches, weighed and bled via the tail vein for determination of initial glucose levels. Blood was collected (100 μl) from unfasted animals by wrapping each mouse in a towel, cutting the tip of the tail with a scalpel, and milking blood from the tail into a heparinized capillary tube balanced on the edge of the bench. Sample was discharged into a heparinized microtainer with gel separator (VWR) and retained on ice. Plasma was obtained after centrifugation at 4°C and glucose was measured immediately. Remaining plasma was frozen until the completion of the experiment, and glucose and triglycerides were assayed in all samples. Animals were grouped based on initial glucose levels and body weights. Beginning the following morning, mice were dosed daily by oral gavage for 7 days using a 20 gauge, 1 V" curved disposable feeding needle. Treatments were test compounds (30 mg/kg), a positive control agent (30 mg/kg) or vehicle [1% carboxymethylcellulose (w/v)/0.25% Tween80 (w/v); 0.3 ml/mouse]. On day 7, mice were weighed and bled (tail vein) for about 3 hours after dosing. Twenty-four hours after the 7th dose (i.e., day 8), animals were bled again (tail vein). Samples obtained from conscious animals on days 0, 7 and 8 were assayed for glucose. After 24 hour bleed, animals were weighed and dosed for the final time. Three hours after dosing on day 8, animals were anesthetized by inhalation of isoflurane, and blood obtained was via cardiac puncture (0.5-0.7 ml). Whole blood was fransfeπed to serum separator tubes, chilled on ice and permitted to clot. Serum was obtained after centrifugation at 4°C and frozen until analysis for compound levels. After sacrifice by cervical dislocation, the liver, heart and epididymal fat pads were excised and weighed.
The animals dosed with vehicle had average triglycerides values of about 170 to 230 mg/dl, which were reduced by the positive PPARγ confrol (about 70 to 120 mg/dl with a mean reduction of 50%). Male db/db mice are hyperglycemic (average glucose of about 680 to 730 mg/dl on the 7th day of freatment), while lean animals have average glucose levels between about 190 and 230 mg/dl. Treatment with the positive control agent reduced glucose significantly (about 350 to 550 mg/dl with a mean decrease towards normalization of 56%). Glucose was measured colorimetrically by using commercially purchased reagents (Sigma #315-500). According to the manufacturers, the procedures were modified from published work (McGowan et al. Clin Chem, 20:470-5 (1974) and Keston, A. Specific colorimetric enzymatic analytical reagents for glucose. Abstract of papers 129th Meeting ACS, 31C (1956).); and depend on the release of a mole of hydrogen peroxide for each mole of analyte coupled with a color reaction first described by Trinder (Trinder, P. Ann Clin Biochem, 6:24 (1969)). The absorbance of the dye produced was linearly related to the analyte in the sample. The assays was further modified for use in a 96 well format. Standards (Sigma #339-11, Sigma #16- 11, and Sigma #CC0534 for glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, respectively), quality control plasma (Sigma # A2034), and samples (2 or 5 μVwell) were measured in duplicate using 200 μl of reagent. An additional aliquot of sample, pipetted to a third well and diluted in 200 μl water, provided a blank for each specimen. Plates were incubated at room temperature (18, 15, and 10 minutes for glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, respectively) on a plate shaker and absorbance read at 500 nm (glucose and total cholesterol) or 540 nm (triglycerides) . on a plate reader. Sample absorbance was compared to a standard curve (100-800, 10-500, and 100-400 mg/dl for glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, respectively). Values for the quality control sample were consistently within the expected range and the coefficient of variation for samples is below 10%. All samples from an experiment were assayed at the same time to minimize inter-assay variability.
Serum lipoproteins were separated and cholesterol was quantitated with an in-line detection system. Sample was applied to a Superose® 6 HR 10/30 size exclusion column (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) and eluted with phosphate buffered saline-EDTA at 0.5 ml/min. Cholesterol reagent (Roche Diagnostics
Chol/HP 704036) at 0.16 ml/min was mixed with the column effluent through a T- connection, and the mixture was passed through a 15 m x 0.5 mm id knitted tubing reactor immersed in a 37°C water bath. The colored product produced in the presence of cholesterol was momtored in the flow sfream at 505 nm, and the analog voltage from the monitor was converted to a digital signal for collection and analysis. The change in voltage coπesponding to change in cholesterol concenfration was plotted against time, and the area under the curve coπesponding to the elution of VLDL, LDL and HDL was calculated (Perkin Elmer Turbochrome software).
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to prefeπed embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.

Claims

CLAΓMS What is claimed is:
1. A compound represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000413_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, stereoisomers and solvates thereof, wherein:
Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group; Q is a covalent bond, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2- or -CH2CH2CH2CH2-;
W is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group two to ten atoms in length or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene group, wherein the heteroalkylene group is an alkylene group from two to ten atoms in length in which one or more methylene groups have been replaced with a functional group selected from -CH=CH-, -C=C-, -O-, -CO-, -NR7-, -NR7CO-,
-C(=NOH)- , -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2- or -CH(NR7R8)-; phenyl Ring A is optionally substituted with up to four substituents in addition to Ri;
R, is -(CH2)n-CH(OR2)-(CH2)mE, -(CH)=C(OR2)-(CH2)mE, ' -(CH2)n-CH(Y)-(CH2)mE or -(CH)=C(Y)-(CH2)mE; wherein E is COOR3, C_-
C3 -alkylnitrile, carboxamide, sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide or tetrazole and wherein sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide and tefrazole are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: Cl- C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl and aryl-CO-4-alkyl; R2 is -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, haloalkyl, an aralkyl group, a substituted aralkyl group, an aromatic group, a substituted aromatic group, -CORj, -COOR4, -CONRsRe, -C(S)R4, -C(S)OR|. or -C(S)NR5R6; Y is -O-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2- or a -CH=CH- group which is bonded to a carbon atom in Phenyl Ring A that is ortho to Rt;
R3-R8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group; and n and m are independently 0, 1 or 2.
2. A compound represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000414_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof, wherein: Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group;
W is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene linking group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkylene linking group from two to ten atoms in length; phenyl Ring A is optionally substituted with up to four substituents in addition to Ri;
R, is -(CH2)n-CH(OR2)-(CH2)mCOOR3, - (CH)=C(OR2)-(CH2)mCOOR3, -(CH2)n-CH(Y)-(CH2)mCOOR3 or- (CH)=C(Y)-(CH2)mCOOR3;
R2 is -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, -COR, -COORj, -CONRsRe, -C(S)R4,
-C(S)OR4 or -C(S)NR5Rδ;
Y is -O-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2- or a -CH=CH- group which is bonded to a carbon atom in Phenyl Ring A that is ortho to Ri;
R3-R6 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aryl group or a substituted aryl group; and n and m are independently 0, 1 or 2.
3. The compound of Claim 1 or 2 wherein Ar is represented by a structural fonnula selected from:
Figure imgf000415_0001
Figure imgf000415_0002
wherein:
Rings B-Z are independently substituted or unsubstituted; X is -0-, -S-, -CH2- or-C(O)-;
Z is a covalent bond, -0-, (-CH2)q-, -CH(CH3)(CH2)q-, -C(CH3) 2(CH2)q-, -(CH2)qCH(CH3)-, -(CH2)qC(CH3) 2-, -0(CH2)q-, -(CH2)qO-, -(CH2)qNH-, -(CH2)qNH-, -(CH2)qCHR20-, -CHR20(CH2)q-, -(CH2)qCR20R2o-, -(CH2)qCR20R20-, -(CH2)qNR20-, -NR20(CH2)q-, -(CH2)qC(=NOH)-,
-C(=NOH)(CH2)q-, -CH(OH)-(CH2)q-, -(CH2)q-CH(OH)-, -CO-(CH2)q-, -(CH2)q-CO-, -COO-(CH2)q-, -OCO-(CH2)q-, -(CH2)q-OCO-, -(CH2)q-COO-, -(CH2)qCO-NH-, -(CH2)qNH-CO-,-(CH2)qCONR20-, -CONR20(CH2)q., -(CH2)qNR20CO- or -NR20CO(CH2)q-; q is O, 1, 2 or 3; and each R20 is independently a C1-C5 alkyl group or a halogenated C1-C5 allcyl group.
4. The compound of Claim 3 wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000416_0001
wherein: p is an integer from one to nine
Wi is -O-, -C(O)-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -NR8-, -NR8CO-, -NR8CH-, -C(=NOH)- or -CH(NR7R8)-; and
R7 and R8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group.
5. The compound of Claim 3 wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000417_0001
wherein: p is an integer from one to four;
Wi is -O-, -C(O)-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -NR8-, -NR8CO-, -NR8CH-, -C(=NOH)- or -CH(NR7R8)-; and
R7 and R8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group.
6. The compound of Claim 5 wherein Ri is para to Wi and is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000417_0002
7. The compound of Claim 5 wherein Ri is meta to Wi and is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000417_0003
8. The compound of Claim 6 wherein the compound is represented by a structural formula selected from:
Figure imgf000418_0001
Figure imgf000418_0002
0 R2O 3
Figure imgf000418_0003
Figure imgf000419_0001
9. The compound of Claim 4 wherein the compound is represented by a structural formula selected from:
Figure imgf000419_0002
10. The compound of Claim 8 wherein R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl; and R3 is -H or a C1-C6 alkyl group.
11. The compound of Claim 10 wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000419_0003
wherein:
Phenyl Rings A' and A" independently substituted or unsubstituted and Z is -O- or -CO- and p is 3 or 4.
12. The compound of Claim 11 wherein Phenyl Rings A' and A" are independently substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, -R9, -OR9> -COR9, -COOR9, -CN, a non-aromatic heterocyclic group, an allyl group, -(CH2)aCH(OR30)(CH2)bCOOR3i, or -NR9C(O)R9, R9 is -H, a Cl- C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 halogenated alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aromatic group, R30 is a C1-C6 alkyl group or a halogenated C1-C6 alkyl group, R3ι is -H, a C1-C6 alkyl group or a halogenated C1-C6 alkyl group, and a and b are independently 0, 1 or 2.
13. The compound of Claim 12 wherein Phenyl Rings A' and A" are independently substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkanoyl, C1-C8 straight chained or branched alkoxy, -Br, -F, N-morpholino, -CΝ, -COOH, -OH, -CF3 or -OCF3.
14. The compound of Claim 13 wherein Phenyl Ring A is substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, -ORio, -R10, aromatic group, substituted aromatic group, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, aralkenyl, substituted aralkenyl, allyl or substituted allyl and Rio is a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group or a C 1 -C 10 halogenated alkyl group.
15. The compound of Claim 14 wherein Phenyl Ring A is* substituted with one or more groups selected from -F, -Cl, -OCH3, -OCF3, -CH3, ethyl, «-propyl, ϊTO-propyl, allyl, 2-phenylethenyl, 2-phenylethyl, phenyl, -o-biphenyl,
-m-biphenyl, -j9-biphenyl, -o-CδEUOCHj, -ra-C6H OCH3) - -C6H4OCH3, -o-CeE F, -wz-CβlLE or -^- HtF.
16. The compound of Claim 11 wherein R2 is methyl and R3 is hydrogen.
17. A compound represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000421_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, stereoisomers and solvates thereof, wherein Z is -O- or -CO-.
18. A compound represented by the following structural formula
Figure imgf000421_0002
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof.
19. The compound of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound is represented by the following sfructural formula:
Figure imgf000421_0003
wherein t is an integer from 1 to about 5.
20. The compound of Claim 19 wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000422_0001
R2O 3
21. The compound of Claim 20 wherein R2 is a C 1 -C6 alkyl group, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl; and R3 is -H or a C1-C6 alkyl group.
22. The compound of Claim 21 wherein Ar is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000422_0002
wherein Phenyl Rings A' and A" independently substituted or unsubstituted and Z is -O- or -CO-.
23. The compound of Claim 22 wherein Phenyl Rings A' and A" are independently substituted with one or more groups selected from -R9, -OR ) . -COR9, -COOR9, -CN, a non-aromatic heterocyclic group, an allyl group, -(CH2)aCH(OR30)(CH2)bCOOR31, or -NR9C(O)R9, R9 is -H, a C1-C10 alkyl group, a C1-C10 halogenated alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aromaotic group, R3o is a C1-C6 alkyl group or a halogenated C1-C6 alkyl group, R3ι is -H, a C1-C6 alkyl group or a halogenated C1-C6 alkyl group, and a and b are independently 0, 1 or 2.
24. The compound of Claim 23 wherein R2 is methyl and R3 is -H.
25. A compound represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000423_0001
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, stereoisomers and solvates thereof, wherein Z is -O-, -CO-, -C(=NOH) or a bond and t is 1, 2 or 3.
26. A compound represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000423_0002
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates thereof, wherein Z is -O-, -CO- or a bond and t is 1, 2 or 3.
27. The compound of Claim 1 or 2 wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000423_0003
wherein: p is zero, one or two;
W2 is -O-, -C(O , -OCH2-, -CH2-, -NR8-, -NR8CO-, -NR8CH-, -C(=NOH)- or -CH(NR7R8)-;
R7 and R8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group; and
Rn and Rι2 are independently a C1-C6 alkyl group, or, taken together are a substituted or unsubstituted ethylene, propylene or butylene group.
28. The compound of Claim 27 wherein W2 is -O-.
29. The compound of Claim 28 wherein Ri is para to the carbon atom bonded to W2 and is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000424_0001
wherein R2 is a C 1 -C6 alkyl group, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl; and R3 is -H or a C3-C6 alkyl group.
30. The compound of Claim 29 wherein Ar is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000424_0002
wherein Phenyl Rings A' and A" independently substituted or unsubstituted and Z is -O- or -CO-.
31. The compound of Claim 30 wherein Phenyl Rings A' and A" are independently substituted with one or more groups selected from -R9, -OR9, .
-COR9, -COOR , -CN, a non-aromatic heterocyclic group, an allyl group, -(CH2)aCH(OR30)(CH2)bCOOR3ι, or -NR9C(O)R9, and wherein R9 is -H, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C1-C10 halogenated alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aromatic group, R30 is a C1-C6 alkyl group or a halogenated Cl- C6 alkyl group, R3ι is -H, a C1-C6 alkyl group or a halogenated C1-C6 alkyl group, and a and b are independently 0, 1 or 2.
32. The compound of Claim 31 wherein R\ is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000425_0001
33. The compound of Claim 27 wherein: 1) p is one and Rn and R]2, taken together, are ethylene or propylene; 2) p is zero and Rn and Rι2, taken together, are propylene or butylene; or 3) p is zero, one or two and Rn and Rι2 are independently methyl, ethyl or propyl.
34. The compound of Claim 33 wherein Ar is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000425_0002
Phenyl Rings A, A' and A" are unsubstituted and Z is -O-, -C(O)- or a bond.
35. The compound of Claim 1 or 2 wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000425_0003
wherein:
W and W5 are independently methylene or ethylene;
R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl;
R is -H or a C1-C3 alkyl group.
R15 is H and Rj6 is a C1-C6 alkyl group, or R15 and Rι6, taken together, are =O or =CH2.
36. The compound of Claim 35 wherein R15 is H and R16 is methyl, ethyl or propyl, or R15 and Rι6, taken together, are =O or =CH2.
37. A compound selected from the group consisting of (S)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[3- (4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000426_0001
(S)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000426_0002
(S)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000427_0001
(S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000427_0002
(S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000427_0003
(S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2-nαethoxy- propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000428_0001
(S)-3- {4-[4-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-but-l -ynyl]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000428_0002
(S)-3 - {4-[3 -(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy] -phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000428_0003
(S)-3 - {4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-prop- 1 -ynyl]-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000428_0004
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}- propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000428_0005
(S)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000429_0001
(S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Butyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000429_0002
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[4-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-but-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000429_0003
(2S)-3-(4-{2-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-cyclopentyloxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000429_0004
(S)-3 - {4- [5-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-pent- 1 -ynyl] -phenyl } -2-methoxy-propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000430_0001
(S)-3-{4-[2-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, which is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000430_0002
(S)-3-{4-[5-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-pentanoyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000430_0003
(S)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclopentyloxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000430_0004
(S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-but-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000431_0001
(S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-butyryl]-phenyl}-2 -methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000431_0002
(S)-2-Methoxy-3 - {4-[5 -(4-ρhenoxy-phenoxy)-pent-l -ynyl] -phenyl} ■ propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000431_0003
(S)-3-{4-[5-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-pent-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000431_0004
(S)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000432_0001
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{3-methoxy-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000432_0002
(S)-3-{4-[4-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-butoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000432_0003
(S)-3-{4-[5-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-pentanoyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000432_0004
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenylacetyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000433_0001
2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000433_0002
3-(4-{4-[4-(Hydroxyimino-phenyl-methyl)-phenoxy]-but-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000433_0003
2-Methoxy-3-{4-[l-methyl-2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000433_0004
3-{4-[2-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-l-methyl-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000434_0001
Sodium 3-{4-[3-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000434_0002
3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclopentyloxy]-phenyl}-2)S'-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000434_0003
3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclopentyloxy]-phenyl}-2.S'-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000434_0004
Sodium (S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[6-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-hex-l-ynyl]-phenyl}- propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000434_0005
Sodium (S)-3-{4-[6-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-hex-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000435_0001
Sodium (S)-3-{4-[6-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-hex-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000435_0002
(S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-Hydroxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000435_0003
Sodium (S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[6-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-hexanoyl]-phenyl}- propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000436_0001
(S)-2-Methoxy-3- {4-[3-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yloxy)-prop- 1 -ynyl]-phenyl} - propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000436_0002
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-7-yloxy)-prop-l-ynyl]- phenyl} -propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000436_0003
(S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Dibenzofuran-2-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula: -4J0-
Figure imgf000437_0001
(S)-3-{4-[3-(4'-tert-Butyl-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000437_0002
(R)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000437_0003
Sodium (S)-2-methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenylacetyl-phenoxy)-cyclopentyloxy]- phenyl} -propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000437_0004
Sodium (S)-3-(4-{3-[4-(2-fluoro-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000438_0001
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{2-methoxy-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000438_0002
Sodium (S)-3-{4-[4-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-but-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionate, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000438_0003
Sodium (S)-3-{6-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-2'-methoxy-biphenyl-3- yl}-2-methoxy-propionate, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000439_0001
Sodium (S)- 3 - {4-[3 -(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy] -3 -chloro-phenyl } -2- methoxy-propionate, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000439_0002
Sodium (S)- 2-methoxy-3- {4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxy)- prop-l-ynyl]-phenyl}-propionate, represented by the following stractural formula:
Na+
Figure imgf000439_0003
(S)-3-{4-[3-(4,-Hydroxy-biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000440_0001
Sodium (S)-2-methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-phenoxy]- prop-l-ynyl}-phenyl)-propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000440_0002
(S)-4'-{3-[4-(2-Carboxy-2-methoxy-ethyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-biphenyl-4- carboxylic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000440_0003
Sodium (S)-2-ethoxy-3- {4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} - propionate, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000440_0004
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{2-methoxy-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-ρhenyl}- propionic acid 2-dimethylamino-ethyl ester, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000441_0001
Sodium (S)-3-[4-(3-{4-[(4-fluoro-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-phenoxy}- propoxy)-phenyl]-2-methoxy-propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000441_0002
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4- {3-[4-(naphthalene-l -carbonyl)-phenoxy] -propoxy} - phenyl)-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000441_0003
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(4-methyl-benzoyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000441_0004
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-phenyl-propionyl)-phenoxy]-propoxy} - phenyl)-propionic acid, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000441_0005
(S)-3 -(4- {3 -[4-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzoyl)-phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-2- methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000442_0001
(S)-3-{3-Chloro-4-[3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-6-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000442_0002
(S)-3 - {4-[3 -(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy] -2-chloro-phenyl} -2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000442_0003
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-(3-methoxy-4- {3-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)- phenoxy] -propoxy} -phenyl)-propionic acid, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000443_0001
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4-(3-methyl-butoxy)-phenoxy]-propoxy}-phenyl)- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000443_0002
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-pyridin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000443_0003
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenethyloxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000443_0004
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-2-chloro-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000443_0005
Sodium (S)-3-{4-[3-(biphenyl-4-yloxy)-cyclohexyloxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000444_0001
Sodium (S)-3-{4-[3-(2-carboxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionate, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000444_0002
2-Methoxy-3-{2-methoxy-4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000444_0003
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-quinolin-8-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000445_0001
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-(4-{3-[4'-(lH-tefrazol-5-yl)-biphenyl-4-yloxy]-propoxy}- phenyl)-propionic acid, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000445_0002
3-{4-[3-(4-Phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-propoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000445_0003
3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000445_0004
(S)-2-Isopropoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000445_0005
(S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000446_0001
(S)-3-{4-[3-(4-Benzoyl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl}-2-ethoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000446_0002
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(4-mo holin-4-yl-phenoxy)-propoxy]-ρhenyl}- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000446_0003
(S)-3-{4-[2-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000446_0004
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yloxy)-propoxy]- phenyl} -propionic acid, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000447_0001
(S)-2-Methoxy-3-{4-[2-(4-phenoxy-phenoxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000447_0002
3- {3-[3-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000447_0003
(S)-3-{4-[3-(3-Dimethylamino-phenoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2-methoxy- propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000447_0004
(S)-3-{4-[2-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-ethoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000448_0001
(S)-3-{4-[2-(Biphenyl-4-yloxy)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-2-propoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000448_0002
or apharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and solvates of the foregoing compounds.
38. A compound represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000448_0003
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, stereoisomers and solvates thereof, wherein:
Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group;
Ri is -(CH2)„-CH(OR2)-(CH2)mE, -(CH)=C(OR2)-(CH2)mE, -(CH2)n-CH(Y)-(CH2)mE or-(CH)=C(Y)-(CH2)mE; wherein E is COOR3, Ci- C3 -alkylnitrile, carboxamide, sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide or tefrazole and wherein sulfonamide, acylsulfonamide and tefrazole are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from: Cl- C6 alkyl, haloalkyl and aryl-C0-4-alkyl;
R2 is -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a substituted aromatic group, -COR4, -COOR-t, -CONRsRe, -C(S)R4, -C(S)OR4 or -C(S)NR5R6;
Y is -O-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2- or -CH=CH- and is bonded to a carbon atom in Phenyl Ring A that is ortho to Ri;
R3-R5 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group; n and m are independently 0, 1 or 2; s is 0, 1 or 2;
Ar! is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group;
W6 is a covalent bond, -Wi-, -CH2Wj- or -WjCH2-;
W7 is a covalent bond or CH2-; and
Wi is -O-, -C(O)-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -NR8-, -NR8CO-, -NR8CH-, -C(=NOH)- or -CH(NR7R8)-.
39. The compound of Claim 38 wherein Ri is -(CH2)n-CH(OR2)-(CH2)mCOOR3, -(CH)=C(OR2)-(CH2)mCOOR3, -(CH2)n-CH(Y)-(CH2)mCOOR3 or -(CH)=C(Y)-(CH2)mCOOR3.
40. The compound of Claim 39 wherein the compound is represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000449_0001
wherein s is 0 or 1 and W6 is a covalent bond, -O-, -CH2O- or -OCH2-
41. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable caπier.
42. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 41 additionally comprising a second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of insulin sensitizers, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretogogues, insulin, antihyperlipidemic agents, plasma HDL-raising agents, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, acyl Co A: cholesterol acylfransferase inhibitors, antiobesity compounds, antihypercholesterolemic agents, fibrates, vitamins and aspirin.
43. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of Claims 2-17 or 19-40 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
44. A pharmaceutical composition comprising: 1) the compound of any one of Claims 2-17 or 19-40 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate or stereoisomer thereof; a second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of insulin sensitizers, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretogogues, insulin, antihyperlipidemic agents, plasma HDL-raising agents, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, acyl CoA:cholesterol acylfransferase inhibitors, antiobesity compounds, antihypercholesterolemic agents, fibrates, vitamins and aspirin; and 3) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
45. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Claim 18 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable caπier.
46. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 45 additionally comprising a second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of insulin sensitizers, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretogogues, insulin, antihyperlipidemic agents, plasma HDL-raising agents, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, acyl Co A: cholesterol acylfransferase inhibitors, antiobesity compounds, antihypercholesterolemic agents, fibrates, vitamins and aspirin.
47. A method of modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
(PPAR), comprising the step of contacting the receptor with at least one compound of Claim 1.
48. The method of Claim 47, wherein the PPAR is an alpha receptor.
49. The method of Claim 47, wherein the PPAR is an gamma receptor.
50. A method of modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), comprising the step of contacting the receptor with at least one compound of Claim 2.
51. A method of modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), comprising the step of contacting the receptor with the compound of Claim 18.
52. A method for freating a PPAR-gamma mediated disease or condition in a subject comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound Claim 1.
53. A method for freating a PPAR-gamma mediated disease or condition in a subject comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound Claim 2.
54. A method for freating a PPAR-gamma mediated disease or condition in a subject comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound Claim 18.
55. A method for lowering blood-glucose in a subject comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1.
56. A method for lowering blood-glucose in a subject comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim
2.
57. A method for lowering blood-glucose in a subject comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 18.
58. A method of freating a subject with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1.
59. A method of freating a subject with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim
2.
60. A method of freating a subject with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, Type II diabetes, Type I diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, insulin resistance, heart failure, diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, hypertension, obesity, anorexia bulimia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, anorexia nervosa, cardiovascular disease or other diseases where insulin resistance is a component, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 18.
61. The method of Claim 58 additionally comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of insulin sensitizers, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretogogues, insulin, antihyperlipidemic agents, plasma HDL-raising agents, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, acyl CoA: cholesterol acylfransferase inhibitors, antiobesity compounds, antihypercholesterolemic agents, fibrates, vitamins and aspirin.
62. The method of Claim 59 additionally comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of insulin sensitizers, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretogogues, insulin, antihyperlipidemic agents, plasma HDL-raising agents, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, acyl CoA:cholesterol acylfransferase inhibitors, antiobesity compounds, antihypercholesterolemic agents, fibrates, vitamins and aspirin.
63. The method of Claim 60 additionally comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of second therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of insulin sensitizers, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretogogues, insulin, antihyperlipidemic agents, plasma HDL-raising agents, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, acyl CoA: cholesterol acylfransferase inhibitors, antiobesity compounds, antihypercholesterolemic agents, fibrates, vitamins and aspirin.
64. A method of freating a subject with diabetes mellitus, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1.
65. A method of treating a subject with diabetes mellitus, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 2.
66. A method of treating a subject with diabetes mellitus, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 18.
67. A method of freating a subject with cardiovascular disease, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1.
68. A method of freating a subject with cardiovascular disease, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 2.
69. A method of freating a subject with cardiovascular disease, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 18.
70. A method of treating a subject with Syndrome X, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1.
71. A method of freating a subject with Syndrom X, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 2.
72. A method of freating a subject with Syndrome X, said method comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of the compound of Claim 18.
73. A method of preparing a compound represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000455_0001
from a starting compound represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000455_0002
said method comprising the step of hydrolyzing the ester group in the starting compound, wherein:
Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group;
Q is a covalent bond, -CH2- or -CH2CH2-;
W is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or heteroalkylene linking group from two to ten atoms in length; phenyl Ring A is optionally substituted with up to four substituents in addition to W and -CH2CHOR2C(O)OR3; R2 is -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group, a substituted aromatic group;
R3 an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group.
74. The method of Claim 73 wherein Q is a covalent bond.
75. The method of Claim 74 wherein the starting compound is represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000456_0001
_ i. p is an integer from one to four;
Wi is -O-, -C(O)-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -NR8-, -NR8CO-, -NR8CH-, -C(=NOH)- or -CH(NR7R8)-;
R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group, phenyl, benzyl or benzoyl;
R3 -H or a C1-C3 alkyl group; and
R7 and R8 are independently -H, an aliphatic group, a substituted aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a substituted aromatic group.
76. The method of Claim 75 wherein the compound is represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000456_0002
wherein:
Phenyl Rings A' and A" independently substituted or unsubstituted and Z is -O- or-CO-.
77. The method of Claim 76 wherein the compound is represented by the following stractural formula:
Figure imgf000457_0001
78. A compound, wherein the compound is radiolabeled (S)-3-{4-[3-(Biphenyl- 4-yloxy)-propoxy]-phenyl} -2-methoxy-propionic acid, represented by the following structural formula:
Figure imgf000457_0002
79. , The compound of Claim 78 wherein the radiolabel is a tritium atom.
80. • A method for determining whether a compound does or does not interact directly with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, comprising the step of specifically binding the radiolabeled compound of Claim 78 to the ligand binding domain of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.
81. The method of Claim 80 wherein the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor is PPARγ.
82. The method of Claim 81 additionally comprising the step of contacting the receptor with a test compound and assessing the amount of specific binding of the radiolabeled compound to the receptor, wherein a decrease in the binding of the radiolabeled compound indicates that the test compound interacts directly with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.
The method of Claim 82 wherein the radiolabeled compound is fritiated.
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