WO2002099527A1 - Display device based on frustrated total internal reflection - Google Patents
Display device based on frustrated total internal reflection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002099527A1 WO2002099527A1 PCT/IB2002/002041 IB0202041W WO02099527A1 WO 2002099527 A1 WO2002099527 A1 WO 2002099527A1 IB 0202041 W IB0202041 W IB 0202041W WO 02099527 A1 WO02099527 A1 WO 02099527A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- display device
- electrode
- fluids
- electrodes
- reservoir
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
- G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/19—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
- G02F1/195—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 by using frustrated reflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/37—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements
- G09F9/372—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being movable elements the positions of the elements being controlled by the application of an electric field
Definitions
- the invention relates to a display device comprising a substantially transparent substrate having a substantially flat surface and a substantially prismatic surface facing said flat surface.
- a display device of this type is described in, for example, the article in "New Reflective Display Based on Total Internal Reflection in Prismatic Microstructures" Proc. 20th D RC conference, pp. 311- 314 (2000).
- This article describes the principle of total internal reflection based on controlled frustration. The total internal reflection is made impossible in one state by moving light-absorbing particles towards the prismatic surface by means of electrophoresis.
- Electrophoretic display devices are based on the movement of charged, usually colored particles under the influence of an electric field between two extreme states having a different transmissivity or reflectivity. With these devices, dark (colored) characters can be imaged on a light (colored) background, and vice versa.
- Electrophoretic display devices are therefore notably used in display devices taking over the function of paper, referred to as "white paper” applications (electronic newspapers, electronic diaries).
- the present invention is based on a completely different mechanism for realizing the differences in reflected light in the two (dark and light) optical states.
- a display device comprises a reservoir at the location of a pixel, which reservoir contains at least two substantially immiscible fluids having a different refractive index or a different absorption coefficient, and a difference of electric conductivity, said display device also comprising drive means for displacing the fluids with respect to each other.
- the light is completely reflected in one of the two states, (by suitable choice of one of the fluids and hence the refractive index), while the light is absorbed by the fluid in the other state (or either or not partly transmitted and absorbed elsewhere).
- the substrate surface facing the viewer on the viewing side may be flat, with at least a part of the prismatic surface of the substrate forming part of a wall of the reservoir.
- it may be prismatic, with at least a part of the flat surface of the substrate forming part of a wall of the reservoir.
- the drive means comprise at least two electrodes which can be electrically coupled to the fluids.
- the drive means preferably comprise two electrodes which are isolated from the fluids, and a third electrode which is in electric contact with the electrically conducting fluid.
- a matrix device comprises a plurality of pixels at the area of crossings of row or selection electrodes and column or data electrodes, with at least a switching element between an electrode of the pixel and a row or column electrode.
- Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically the principle on which a display device according to the invention is based
- Fig. 2 shows a variant of Fig. 1
- Fig. 3 shows a possible form of a display cell according to the invention
- Fig. 4 shows another possible form of a display cell according to the invention.
- Fig. 5 is an electric equivalent diagram of a display device according to the invention.
- the Figures are diagrammatic and not drawn to scale; corresponding components are generally denoted by the same reference numerals.
- Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically a display cell 1 with two liquids, or fluids, 3, 4 in a transparent, for example, glass or synthetic material envelope 2, which fluids do not mix with each other and one of which is electrically conducting and the other is insulating.
- the display cell 1 comprises, for example an aqueous (color) solution 4 (electrically conducting), for example, a solution in water of methylene blue or Prussian blue (C 6 Fe 2 Kn 6 ), while a gas such as nitrogen or a non-polar oil such as an alcane (for example, dodecane or hexadecane), a silicon oil, chloronaphtalene, bromonaphtalene, or 1-bromododecane is chosen as an insulating fluid.
- aqueous (color) solution 4 electrically conducting
- a gas such as nitrogen or a non-polar oil
- an alcane for example, dodecane or hexadecane
- a silicon oil chloronaph
- the display cell 1 On two sides of the fluids, the display cell 1 comprises insulated electrodes 5, 6 which are usually fed with voltages V coml , V com2 which are common for a plurality of pixels, in the relevant example with voltages of 0 and V.
- the display cell 1 also comprises an electrode 7 which makes electrically conducting contact through the envelope 2 with the electrically conducting fluid 4.
- the electrode 7 is fed with a voltage V p j xe ⁇ by means of which the optical state of the display cell is adjusted.
- the electrodes 5, 6 are shown outside the envelope, they are provided within the envelope 2 in practice and insulated from the fluids by means of an insulating coating having a low wetting hysteresis such as a fluoropolymer.
- the electrically conducting fluid 4 is attracted by electrostatic forces in the direction of the electrodes 5, 6, namely towards the electrode 5 with a force which is proportional to (V p j xe ⁇ -V C omi) and towards the electrode 6 with a force which is proportional to (V p j xel -V com2 ) 2 due to electrowetting or electrocapillarity.
- the difference between the respective electrostatic forces defines the position of the fluid 4 in a display cell.
- V com i 0
- V CO m2 V.
- the electrode 7 is shown as a conducting electrode in this example, and, moreover, projects into the fluid, this is not necessary.
- the potential may also be provided on the conducting fluid via capacitive coupling.
- the electrode 7 is arranged, for example, outside the reservoir 2 or provided with an insulating protective coating.
- Fig. 2 shows a variant of Fig. 1, in which the electrode 7, which is again fed with a voltage V p j xe ⁇ is subdivided into two sub-electrodes 7, 7'.
- a display cell 1 comprises a transparent substrate 10 of glass or a synthetic material, having a substantially flat surface 11 and a substantially prismatic surface 12, 12' opposite said flat surface.
- the display cell comprises a reservoir 13 which contains at least two immiscible fluids 3, 4 having a different refractive index, which fluids do not mix with each other and one of which is an electrically conducting fluid and the other is an insulating fluid.
- the display cell 1 also comprises an electrode 7 which is fed with a voltage V p j xe ⁇ and makes electrically conducting contact through the envelope (not shown) with the electrically conducting fluid 4.
- V p j xe ⁇ a voltage
- the display cell comprises insulated electrodes 5, 6 on two sides of the fluids, which electrodes are fed with common voltages V com ⁇ , V com2 . in the relevant example with voltages 0 and V.
- An incident light ray 14 is transmitted in the first mentioned case (Fig. 3a) by the transparent (ITO) electrode 5 and undergoes total reflection on the surface 12 by suitably choice of the refractive index of the insulating fluid.
- the reflected light ray 14' once more undergoes total reflection on the surface 12' and the twice reflected light ray 14" leaves the display cell 1 substantially without any loss of light.
- the incident light ray 14 is also transmitted by the transparent (ITO) electrode 5, but is subsequently absorbed entirely or partly on the surface 12 by the aqueous solution 4.
- a possibly reflected part 14' of the light ray 14 is absorbed on the surface 12'.
- the electrode 6 is only shown on the lower side of the pixel because this is favorable when combining several pixels on one substrate, for example, in a matrix display device. In other cases, it is advantageous to provide the electrode 6 also along the wall of the reservoir 13. This is shown diagrammatically by means of broken lines in Fig. 3a.
- Fig. 4 shows diagrammatically a combination of two similar pixels with reservoirs as described with reference to Fig. 2, but now with a substantially flat surface 11 on the side of the pixel and a substantially prismatic surface 12, 12' on the viewing side. Otherwise, the reference numerals have the same significance as in the previous Figures.
- Fig. 4 shows diagrammatically a combination of two similar pixels with reservoirs as described with reference to Fig. 2, but now with a substantially flat surface 11 on the side of the pixel and a substantially prismatic surface 12, 12' on the viewing side. Otherwise, the reference numerals have the same significance as in the previous Figures
- FIG. 5 shows an electrical equivalent of a part of a color display device 1 to which the invention is applicable. It comprises a matrix of pixels 20 at the area of crossings of row or selection electrodes 27 and column or data electrodes 26.
- the row electrodes 1 to m are consecutively selected by means of a row driver 24, while the column electrodes 1 to n are provided with data via a data register 25.
- the pixels in columns 1, 4, 7, ..., n-2 constitute red pixels in this example, the pixels in columns 2, 5, 8, ..., n-1 constitute blue pixels in this example, and the pixels in columns 3, 6, 9, ..., n constitute green pixels.
- incoming data 22 are first processed, if necessary, in a processor 23. Mutual synchronization between the row driver 24 and the data register 25 takes place via drive lines 28.
- TFTs thin-film transistors
- the signal at the column electrode 26 is transferred via the TFT to an electrode 7 of a pixel 20 coupled to the drain electrode.
- the electrode 7 has the same function as described above with reference to Figs. 1 to 4.
- the other electrodes 5, 6 of the pixel 20 are connected, for example, to one (or more) common electrode or electrodes with V coml (in this example, ground) and V COm2 (in this example, V).
- V coml in this example, ground
- V COm2 in this example, V
- the incident beam reaches the lower side of the pixel.
- the pixel may be provided with a light-absorbing layer on the lower side.
- TFTs thin-film transistors 29
- other switching elements may be chosen, for example, a diode circuit.
- the third electrode 5 may also be omitted, provided that the fluids 3, 4 used have such a difference of hydrophobic properties that the described displacement occurs (the walls have a difference of wetting behavior).
- One of the two electrodes then functions as a drive electrode.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2003-7001428A KR20030017661A (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-06-04 | Display device based on frustrated total internal reflection |
US10/479,360 US6961167B2 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-06-04 | Display device based on frustrated total internal reflection |
JP2003502581A JP2004521389A (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-06-04 | Display device based on attenuated total reflection |
EP02735721A EP1402314A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-06-04 | Display device based on frustrated total internal reflection |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01202127.5 | 2001-06-05 | ||
EP01202127 | 2001-06-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002099527A1 true WO2002099527A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
Family
ID=8180419
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2002/002041 WO2002099527A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-06-04 | Display device based on frustrated total internal reflection |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6961167B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1402314A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004521389A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20030017661A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1268979C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002099527A1 (en) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2397894A (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-08-04 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | LCD with chamber for reflective liquid/gas |
WO2004068208A1 (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2004-08-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device |
WO2004077124A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A passive matrix display with bistable electro-wetting cells |
EP1457801A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid |
EP1457802A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid |
EP1457803A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device with angle amplification |
WO2004099846A1 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Reduction of driving voltage in a switchable element |
WO2004099830A1 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electrowetting module |
WO2004102251A1 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-11-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Adjustable mirror |
WO2004099829A3 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-12-16 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Method of manufacturing a collection of separate variable focus lenses |
EP1542055A2 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Light modulator |
WO2005064399A2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-07-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Lithography system using a programmable electro-wetting mask |
WO2005096029A1 (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Compact switchable optical unit |
WO2005096032A1 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Compact switchable optical unit |
WO2006027748A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Reflective electrowetting lens |
CN100399103C (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2008-07-02 | 惠普开发有限公司 | Micro-mirror device with dielectrophoretic micro- emulsions |
EP1967888A3 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2009-01-14 | E-Ink Corporation | Electro-wetting displays |
NL2002213C2 (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2010-05-18 | Flexible Optical B V | Deformable mirror with internal reflection. |
US8154485B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2012-04-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Display element |
WO2019087104A3 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-06-20 | Preciflex Sa | Visual indicator and fluid dispenser |
Families Citing this family (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7463398B2 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2008-12-09 | Liquivista B.V. | Display device |
AU2003201752A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-09-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display apparatus |
US7417782B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2008-08-26 | Pixtronix, Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for spatial light modulation |
US8319759B2 (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2012-11-27 | E Ink Corporation | Electrowetting displays |
US7430355B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2008-09-30 | University Of Cincinnati | Light emissive signage devices based on lightwave coupling |
US7123796B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2006-10-17 | University Of Cincinnati | Light emissive display based on lightwave coupling |
JP4768716B2 (en) * | 2004-04-13 | 2011-09-07 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Autostereoscopic display device |
CA2572952C (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2012-12-04 | The University Of Cincinnati | Display capable electrowetting light valve |
US7586560B2 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2009-09-08 | Intel Corporation | Display using light guide and refractive index control |
GB2422680B (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2010-04-14 | Univ Nottingham Trent | Switchable phase grating |
US9229222B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2016-01-05 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Alignment methods in fluid-filled MEMS displays |
US20080158635A1 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2008-07-03 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
US7999994B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2011-08-16 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
US9158106B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2015-10-13 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display methods and apparatus |
US8482496B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2013-07-09 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling MEMS display apparatus on a transparent substrate |
US8519945B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2013-08-27 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US9261694B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2016-02-16 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
US8159428B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2012-04-17 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display methods and apparatus |
US7675665B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2010-03-09 | Pixtronix, Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for actuating displays |
US9082353B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 | 2015-07-14 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US20070205969A1 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2007-09-06 | Pixtronix, Incorporated | Direct-view MEMS display devices and methods for generating images thereon |
US8310442B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2012-11-13 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US7746529B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2010-06-29 | Pixtronix, Inc. | MEMS display apparatus |
US7410309B2 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2008-08-12 | Nokia Corporation | Optical shutter |
JP2008535005A (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2008-08-28 | ザ ユニバーシティ オブ ブリティッシュ コロンビア | Brightness improvement of TIR modulation electrophoretic reflection image display |
CN100582819C (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2010-01-20 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Electrowetting element, lens system, electronic device and driving method |
US7826125B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2010-11-02 | California Institute Of Technology | Light conductive controlled shape droplet display device |
FR2887638B1 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2007-08-31 | Varioptic Sa | VARIABLE FOCAL LENS WITH REDUCED INTERNAL PRESSURE VARIATION |
US7427745B2 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2008-09-23 | Nokia Corporation | Optical shutter for miniature cameras |
WO2007082370A1 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-26 | The University Of British Columbia | Microlens-assisted brightness enhancement in reflective image displays |
US8526096B2 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2013-09-03 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Mechanical light modulators with stressed beams |
US7876489B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2011-01-25 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus with optical cavities |
GB0611134D0 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2006-07-19 | Liquavista Bv | Optical apparatus |
US20080088551A1 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Microfluidic prism |
US7791813B2 (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2010-09-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Microfluidic imaging array |
US20080094853A1 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2008-04-24 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Light guides and backlight systems incorporating light redirectors at varying densities |
US9176318B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2015-11-03 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing fluid-filled MEMS displays |
US7852546B2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2010-12-14 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Spacers for maintaining display apparatus alignment |
US20090141336A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | Lumination Llc | Projection display devices employing frustrated total internal reflection |
JP4834682B2 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2011-12-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Liquid prism and projector using the same |
US8248560B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2012-08-21 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Light guides and backlight systems incorporating prismatic structures and light redirectors |
US7920317B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2011-04-05 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display with controlled formation of bubbles |
US8169679B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2012-05-01 | Pixtronix, Inc. | MEMS anchors |
GB0911190D0 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2009-08-12 | Hein Oliver K | Advertising sign |
JP2013519122A (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-05-23 | ピクストロニックス・インコーポレーテッド | Circuit for controlling a display device |
WO2011097252A2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-11 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing cold seal fluid-filled display apparatus |
US8941683B2 (en) | 2010-11-01 | 2015-01-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Transparent display interaction |
US8770813B2 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2014-07-08 | Microsoft Corporation | Transparent display backlight assembly |
US9134552B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-09-15 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus with narrow gap electrostatic actuators |
US10416782B2 (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2019-09-17 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Display device |
US10309615B2 (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2019-06-04 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Light emissive display based on lightwave coupling in combination with visible light illuminated content |
US10209530B2 (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2019-02-19 | E Ink Corporation | Three-dimensional display |
CN107870496A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-04-03 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | One kind shows structure and display device |
CN106291914B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-04-03 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display panel and its driving method and display device |
US10444488B2 (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-10-15 | Mirada Technologies Inc. | Optical beam steering devices having electrically conductive fluids therein and methods of operating same |
WO2020060797A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | E Ink Corporation | Three-dimensional display apparatuses |
US20220283474A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2022-09-08 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Electrophoretic fluid |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4079368A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1978-03-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Information display through deformation of liquid dielectric media |
WO2000010048A1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-02-24 | The University Of British Columbia | Image displays based on frustrated total internal reflection |
EP1069450A2 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-01-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical element and optical device having it |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6819471B2 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2004-11-16 | E Ink Corporation | Light modulation by frustration of total internal reflection |
-
2002
- 2002-06-04 KR KR10-2003-7001428A patent/KR20030017661A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-04 JP JP2003502581A patent/JP2004521389A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-04 WO PCT/IB2002/002041 patent/WO2002099527A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-04 US US10/479,360 patent/US6961167B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-04 EP EP02735721A patent/EP1402314A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-04 CN CNB028113020A patent/CN1268979C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4079368A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1978-03-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Information display through deformation of liquid dielectric media |
WO2000010048A1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-02-24 | The University Of British Columbia | Image displays based on frustrated total internal reflection |
EP1069450A2 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-01-17 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical element and optical device having it |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
MOSSMAN M A ET AL: "NEW REFLECTIVE DISPLAY BASED ON TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION IN PRISMATIC MICROSTRUCTURES", CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL DISPLAY RESEARCH CONFERENCE. PALM BEACH, FL, SEPT. 25 - 28, 2000, INTERNATIONAL DISPLAY RESEARCH CONFERENCE (IDRC), SAN JOSE, CA: SID, US, vol. CONF. 20, 2000, pages 311 - 314, XP001032176 * |
Cited By (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004068208A1 (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2004-08-12 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device |
CN100380167C (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2008-04-09 | 利奎阿维斯塔股份有限公司 | Display device |
GB2397894A (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-08-04 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | LCD with chamber for reflective liquid/gas |
GB2397894B (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2006-05-03 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Improvements in mobile communication devices |
CN100388048C (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2008-05-14 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | A passive matrix display with bistable electro-wetting cells |
US7561131B2 (en) | 2003-02-26 | 2009-07-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Passive matrix display with bistable electro-wetting cells |
WO2004077124A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A passive matrix display with bistable electro-wetting cells |
EP1457803A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device with angle amplification |
EP1457802A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid |
US6844953B2 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2005-01-18 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid |
EP1457801A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2004-09-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid |
US6924922B2 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2005-08-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Micro-mirror device including dielectrophoretic liquid |
CN100357772C (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2007-12-26 | 惠普开发有限公司 | Micromirror device with light angle enlarge |
CN1332233C (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2007-08-15 | 惠普开发有限公司 | Micromirror device including dielectrophoresis liquid |
WO2004099846A1 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Reduction of driving voltage in a switchable element |
WO2004099830A1 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electrowetting module |
CN100406955C (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2008-07-30 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Electrowetting module |
WO2004099829A3 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-12-16 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Method of manufacturing a collection of separate variable focus lenses |
US7499222B2 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2009-03-03 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method of manufacturing a collection of separate variable focus lenses |
WO2004102251A1 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2004-11-25 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Adjustable mirror |
EP1967888A3 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2009-01-14 | E-Ink Corporation | Electro-wetting displays |
EP1542055A2 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Light modulator |
KR101085988B1 (en) | 2003-12-09 | 2011-11-22 | 휴렛-팩커드 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니, 엘.피. | Light modulator |
EP1542055A3 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2007-09-05 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Light modulator |
CN100430812C (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2008-11-05 | 惠普开发有限公司 | Light modulator |
WO2005064399A2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-07-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Lithography system using a programmable electro-wetting mask |
WO2005064399A3 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2006-03-30 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Lithography system using a programmable electro-wetting mask |
CN100399103C (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2008-07-02 | 惠普开发有限公司 | Micro-mirror device with dielectrophoretic micro- emulsions |
WO2005096029A1 (en) | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Compact switchable optical unit |
WO2005096032A1 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Compact switchable optical unit |
JP2007531908A (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2007-11-08 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Compact switchable optical unit |
JP4833963B2 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2011-12-07 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Compact switchable optical unit |
US8154485B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2012-04-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Display element |
WO2006027748A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Reflective electrowetting lens |
WO2006027746A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Reflective electrowetting lens |
NL2002213C2 (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2010-05-18 | Flexible Optical B V | Deformable mirror with internal reflection. |
WO2019087104A3 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-06-20 | Preciflex Sa | Visual indicator and fluid dispenser |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004521389A (en) | 2004-07-15 |
CN1268979C (en) | 2006-08-09 |
KR20030017661A (en) | 2003-03-03 |
US20040160684A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
EP1402314A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
US6961167B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 |
CN1513132A (en) | 2004-07-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6961167B2 (en) | Display device based on frustrated total internal reflection | |
CN100373208C (en) | Display device | |
US8854718B2 (en) | Electrowetting display device | |
US8115709B2 (en) | Electro-wetting display device | |
KR101016976B1 (en) | 2d/3d display apparatus | |
US8885243B2 (en) | Electrowetting display device and method of manufacturing the same | |
CN112639602B (en) | Backboard with hexagonal and triangular electrodes | |
US9213180B2 (en) | Electrowetting display device | |
US8564567B2 (en) | Electrophoretic display device using photo sensor | |
WO2017105443A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for driving a reflective image display | |
Feenstra et al. | A video‐speed reflective display based on electrowetting: principle and properties | |
EP0721138A2 (en) | Pixel elements | |
US20210356732A1 (en) | An electrowetting optical element | |
US10948709B2 (en) | Electrowetting optical element | |
WO2020080939A1 (en) | An electrowetting optical element | |
WO2005031450A1 (en) | Electronic paint with charge memory |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CN JP KR US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2002735721 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020037001428 Country of ref document: KR |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 2003 502581 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2003502581 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020037001428 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10479360 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 028113020 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2002735721 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 2002735721 Country of ref document: EP |