WO2002098190A1 - Plasma torch - Google Patents
Plasma torch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002098190A1 WO2002098190A1 PCT/IT2002/000344 IT0200344W WO02098190A1 WO 2002098190 A1 WO2002098190 A1 WO 2002098190A1 IT 0200344 W IT0200344 W IT 0200344W WO 02098190 A1 WO02098190 A1 WO 02098190A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plasma torch
- electrode
- head
- torch
- plasma
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3468—Vortex generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
Definitions
- PLASMA TORCH DESCRIPTION refers to the field of the plasma torches, of the type employed in plasma furnaces, e.g. utilized for destroying liquid and solid waste products.
- a first example of furnace 1 comprises a container 2 fed with scrap metal, waste products, various slags, toxic and pollutant compounds to be thermally destroyed, etc., that upon melting form a bath 3 onto the bottom 4 of the container 2.
- the container 2 comprises a hearth
- the container further comprises a top dome 6 crossed by a lance 7 employable for injecting liquid and gaseous materials, fuel (comburent), and/or destined to destruction.
- said dome is crossed by a plasma torch 8 (single torch) that acts as circuit cathode, molten and aeriform components being injected therethrough.
- the high current combined to the high resistance at the arc causes, by Joule effect, the production of heat. This entails a very high raise in the temperature (15.000°C and above) hence the torch-injected matter acquires the state of a plasma.
- a second example of twin torch furnace 1 has the container 2 void of the hearth 5. Instead, a pair of torches crosses the dome 6.
- the first torch 8 acts as circuit cathode, whereas the second torch 11 acts as circuit anode.
- the plasma electric arc 9 sparks between the distal ends 10, 12 of the torches 8, 11, and at the surface of the bath 3, when the lance 7 is positioned between the torches 8, 11.
- Each torch substantially consists of an electrode, a nozzle and an outside jacket.
- each one of the three components is cooled with deionized water.
- the cooling water is circulated inside the electrode via an inside piping, e.g. of brass, that reverses the water flow. Examples of this type of torches are taught in US Pat. 5,376,767 (Heanley et al.), in
- a plasma torch comprising an electrode provided with a respective electrode head, a nozzle and an outside jacket, there being formed a first cooling circuit of a coolant for said electrode head having an end passage, said head being characterised in that it comprises means for disposing of the electrode heat, located inside of the first cooling circuit.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a plasma torch according to the invention, in particular a cathodic torch;
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of another plasma torch according to the invention, in particular an anodic torch;
- Fig. 5 is a sectional detailed view of the proximal end of the torch of Fig. 3;
- FIG. 6 is a sectional detailed view of the proximal end of the torch of Fig. 4;
- Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a detail of the torches of the preceding Figs.;
- Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the detail of Fig. 7.
- a cathodic torch 8 has a tubular body, having concentric members. Starting, from the central axis of symmetry, inside to outside, the torch comprises an electrode 13 that is inserted in a nozzle 14 made of a tubular pass 16 and of tubular walls 17.
- the electrode 13, at the proximal end 10 of the torch 8, comprises an electrode head 18 ending with a metal coating 19.
- Said metallic material coating 19 has a >1600°C melting temperature, it is suitably made of Tungsten and applied by a plasma spray technique.
- first reversing pipe 20 that extends to the head 18 defining a first toroidal duct 21 between the inside walls of the electrode 13 and the outside wall of the first reversing pipe 20.
- the first reversing pipe 20 is spaced, leaving a first end passage 22.
- the first reversing pipe 20 ends in a coolant reversing member 23 in which it is formed, at the head 18, a toroidal slot 24.
- the point 18 has, internally to the electrode 13, a toroidal flap 25, formed in the electrode head 18, that is inserted in the toroidal slot 24, so as to impart an U-shaped course to the end passage 22.
- the first toroidal duct 21 is connected inside of the first reversing pipe 20 by the first end passage 22, thereby defining a first internal cooling circuit that has its ascending section in the first toroidal duct 21 and its descending section inside of the first reversing pipe 20.
- the torch 8 comprises an outside jacket 26 defining, with the tubular walls 17, a toroidal gap inside which it is housed a second reversing pipe 46, located so as to leave, at the proximal end 10 of the torch 8, a second end passage 27.
- the outside jacket 26 ends in a nozzle head 28 connected to the tubular walls 17 of the nozzle 14.
- the second reversing pipe 46 alike the first ends in a respective second reversing member 29 and defines said second end passage 27 therat.
- the second reversing pipe 46 defines, with the second end passage 27, the tubular walls 17 and the outside jacket 26, a first external cooling circuit having a toroid- shaped inside descending section 31, and an outside descending section 33.
- the nozzle head 28 comprises, at the proximal end 10 of the torch 8, a refractory material ring 34.
- the nozzle 14 incorporates a dispensing member 35 apt to swirl the plasmogen gas that descends along the tubular gap 16.
- the dispensing member 35 is supported onto the body of the outside jacket by a ceramics material insulator 36.
- the nozzle head of the cathodic torch 8 is tapered.
- an anodic torch 10 has it also a tubular body, having concentric members. Starting again from the central axis of symmetry, inside to outside, the torch comprises an anodic electrode 37 that is inserted in a nozzle 14 made of a tubular pass 16 and of tubular walls 17.
- the anodic electrode 37 at the proximal end 12 of the torch 10, comprises an electrode head 18 having a central port 38, opened on the inside of the anodic electrode 37.
- first reversing pipe 20 that extends to the head 18, defining a first toroidal duct 21 between the inside walls of the electrode 13 and the outside wall of the first reversing pipe 20.
- the first reversing pipe 20 is spaced, leaving a first end passage 22.
- the first reversing pipe 20 ends in a reversing member 23 having, at the head 18, a toroidal slot 24.
- the point 18 has, internally to the electrode 37, a toroidal flap 25 that is inserted in the toroidal slot 24, so as to impart an U-shaped course to the end passage 22.
- Said first cooling circuit is apt to be crossed by refrigerated fluid, in particular deionized water chilled by a suitable conditioning apparatus.
- the head 18 of said anodic electrode 37 is suitably coated with a metal coating having >0.8 reflectivity, preferably selected from the group comprising Molybdenum, Nickel.
- the anodic torch 10 comprises an outside jacket 26 that defines, with the tubular walls 17, a toroidal gap inside which it is housed a second reversing pipe 46, located so as to leave, at the proximal end 10 of the torch 8, a second end passage 27.
- the outside jacket 26 ends in a nozzle head 28 connected to the tubular walls 17 of the nozzle 14.
- the second reversing pipe 46 alike the first one ends in a respective second reversing member 29 and defines said second end passage 27 thereat.
- the second reversing pipe 46 defines, with the second end passage 27, the tubular walls 17 and the outside jacket 26, a first external cooling circuit having a toroid- shaped inside descending section 31, and an outside descending section 33.
- the nozzle 14 incorporates a dispensing member 35 apt to swirl the plasmogen gas that descends along the tubular gap 16.
- the dispensing member 35 is directly fixed to the tubular walls 17.
- the anodic torch 10, at the proximal end thereof, has a diameter uniform to the remaining torch body.
- the nozzle head 28 comprises, at the proximal end 10 of the torch 8, a refractory material ring 34.
- a ceramics coating 44 e.g. of Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) needs mentioning.
- This coating may be deposed by a Plasma spray technique, obtaining a thickness ranging from 30 to 70 ⁇ m, preferably of 50 ⁇ m.
- the electrode head 18 with the toroidal flaps 25 is made of a highly thermally and electrically conductive material, in this example Copper.
- the toroidal flap 25 is a means for disposing of the heat from the electrode to the first cooling circuit, and it is located inside of the latter.
- this flap does not merely enable an overall temperature decrease and a higher heat disposal efficiency, but also an increase in the exchange surface and a more pronounced tortuosity of the course enabled to get rid of the degenerative phenomena typical of the anodic torch.
- the electrode head be coated with a high-reflectivity metal coating, to further decrease the amount of heat removed by the cooling water.
- the refractory material ring 34 defining the mouth of the nozzle 14 is made of Silicon carbide (SiC), whereas the insulator 35 of the cathodic torch 8 is made of Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
- this ring enables the latter to act as diaphragm, modifying the electrofluidodynamic conditions of the plasma generating zone, i.e. at the circuit- making zone.
- the ring steers the trajectory of the plasmogen gas centrewise, forming a plasmogen gas cushion.
- the preselected material stands out for adequate mechanical strength, high melting temperature and reduced thermal and electrical conductivity.
- the addition of the ring increases the stability of the plasma under any operating condition, improving the distribution thereof and thereby making the presence of fluidodynamic disturbances irrelevant.
- said addition improves the reliability, by avoiding random electric arc quenchings between the plasma and the nozzle, and reduces the energy transported by the refrigerating deionized water, actually shielding the nozzle head.
- the entire tubular body of the torches 8, 10, and in particular the nozzle heads 28 are made of steel, preferably of an AISI stainless steel.
- a very important feature of the cathodic (Figs. 7 and 8) and anodic nozzle head is that of comprising a rounded outer edge 45, in particular to decrease the view factor of the surface of the head directly subjected to the plasma thermal radiance.
- a preferred rounding is apt to decrease said view factor of at least the 30%, and up to the 40%.
- the head is sized so as to preserve the fluidodynamic conditions of the cooling water inside of the outside jacket.
- the head thickness decreases to keep the temperature of the outside surface at relatively low values (anyhow higher than those of the Copper) that are in no way critical with regard to the mechanical performance of the materials.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE60206162T DE60206162T2 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | PLASMA TORCH |
US10/478,959 US7005599B2 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | Plasma torch |
EP02741161A EP1391142B1 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | Plasma torch |
AT02741161T ATE304787T1 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | PLASMA BURNER |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITRM2001A000291 | 2001-05-29 | ||
IT2001RM000291A ITRM20010291A1 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2001-05-29 | PLASMA TORCH |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002098190A1 true WO2002098190A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
Family
ID=11455555
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IT2002/000344 WO2002098190A1 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | Plasma torch |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7005599B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1391142B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE304787T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60206162T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2251598T3 (en) |
IT (1) | ITRM20010291A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002098190A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010115397A2 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-10-14 | Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma Und Maschinen Gmbh | Cooling pipes, electrode holders and electrode for an arc plasma torch and assemblies made thereof and arc plasma torch comprising the same |
EP2663167A1 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2013-11-13 | Manfred Hollberg | Cooling pipe for a plasma arc torch and spacer |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080116179A1 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2008-05-22 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Method and apparatus for alignment of components of a plasma arc torch |
US6946617B2 (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2005-09-20 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Method and apparatus for alignment of components of a plasma arc torch |
CN101112132B (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2012-07-04 | 株式会社丰田自动织机 | Submerged plasma-use electrode, submerged plasma generating device and submerged plasma generating method |
US7671294B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2010-03-02 | Vladimir Belashchenko | Plasma apparatus and system |
US8772667B2 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2014-07-08 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Plasma arch torch cutting component with optimized water cooling |
US8829385B2 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2014-09-09 | Hypertherm, Inc. | Plasma arc torch cutting component with optimized water cooling |
US7977599B2 (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2011-07-12 | Honeywell International Inc. | Erosion resistant torch |
US8253058B2 (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2012-08-28 | Integrated Photovoltaics, Incorporated | Hybrid nozzle for plasma spraying silicon |
US20100276397A1 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2010-11-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Electrically isolated gas cups for plasma transfer arc welding torches, and related methods |
DE102009059108A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-22 | Holma Ag | Electrode with cooling tube for a plasma cutting device |
US20120006035A1 (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-12 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Turbine rim cutter for air turbine starter |
US9380694B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2016-06-28 | Millenium Synthfuels Corporation | Plasma torch having an externally adjustable anode and cathode |
US9833859B2 (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2017-12-05 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Electric arc torch with cooling conduit |
JP6967900B2 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2021-11-17 | 日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 | Plasma generator and plasma torch |
CN109862682A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-07 | 成都金创立科技有限责任公司 | Plasma generator water-cooled cathode head |
JP7474676B2 (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2024-04-25 | コマツ産機株式会社 | Plasma torch and center pipe for plasma torch |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3141953A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | 1964-07-21 | Thermal Dynamics Corp | Electric arc torches |
US3610796A (en) * | 1970-01-21 | 1971-10-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Fluid-cooled electrodes having permanent magnets to drive the arc therefrom and arc heater apparatus employing the same |
US4594496A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1986-06-10 | Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Apparatus for introducing ionizable gas into a plasma of an arc burner |
EP0194634A2 (en) * | 1985-03-14 | 1986-09-17 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Plasma gun nozzle with extended life |
US5406047A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1995-04-11 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Plasma torch for melting material to be processed in a container and for maintaining the material at the required temperature |
JPH07303971A (en) * | 1994-05-11 | 1995-11-21 | Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd | Torch for plasma spot welding |
DE4444763A1 (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1996-06-27 | Apvv Angewandte Plasma Vakuum | Electrode assembly for vaporising material for coating purposes |
US6013893A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-01-11 | Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Plasma burner with a fluid-cooled anode |
GB2355379A (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-18 | Tetronics Ltd | Plasma torch electrode |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4059743A (en) * | 1974-10-28 | 1977-11-22 | Eduard Migranovich Esibian | Plasma arc cutting torch |
FR2735710B1 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-07-25 | Soudure Autogene Francaise | PLASMA TORCH HEAD AND PLASMA TORCH COMPRISING THE SAME |
-
2001
- 2001-05-29 IT IT2001RM000291A patent/ITRM20010291A1/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-05-29 EP EP02741161A patent/EP1391142B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-29 WO PCT/IT2002/000344 patent/WO2002098190A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-29 ES ES02741161T patent/ES2251598T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-29 US US10/478,959 patent/US7005599B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-29 AT AT02741161T patent/ATE304787T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-29 DE DE60206162T patent/DE60206162T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3141953A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | 1964-07-21 | Thermal Dynamics Corp | Electric arc torches |
US3610796A (en) * | 1970-01-21 | 1971-10-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Fluid-cooled electrodes having permanent magnets to drive the arc therefrom and arc heater apparatus employing the same |
US4594496A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1986-06-10 | Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | Apparatus for introducing ionizable gas into a plasma of an arc burner |
EP0194634A2 (en) * | 1985-03-14 | 1986-09-17 | The Perkin-Elmer Corporation | Plasma gun nozzle with extended life |
US5406047A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1995-04-11 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Plasma torch for melting material to be processed in a container and for maintaining the material at the required temperature |
JPH07303971A (en) * | 1994-05-11 | 1995-11-21 | Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd | Torch for plasma spot welding |
DE4444763A1 (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1996-06-27 | Apvv Angewandte Plasma Vakuum | Electrode assembly for vaporising material for coating purposes |
US6013893A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 2000-01-11 | Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. | Plasma burner with a fluid-cooled anode |
GB2355379A (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-18 | Tetronics Ltd | Plasma torch electrode |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 03 29 March 1996 (1996-03-29) * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010115397A2 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-10-14 | Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma Und Maschinen Gmbh | Cooling pipes, electrode holders and electrode for an arc plasma torch and assemblies made thereof and arc plasma torch comprising the same |
WO2010115397A3 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2011-03-03 | Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma Und Maschinen Gmbh | Cooling pipes, electrode holders and electrode for an arc plasma torch and assemblies made thereof and arc plasma torch comprising the same |
DE102009016932B4 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2013-06-20 | Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma Und Maschinen Gmbh | Cooling tubes and electrode holder for an arc plasma torch and arrangements of the same and arc plasma torch with the same |
RU2524919C2 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2014-08-10 | Кьельберг Финстервальде Плазма Унд Машинен Гмбх | Cooling pipe, electrode holder and electrode for plasma-arc burner and apparatus consisting of same and plasma-arc burner having same |
US9204526B2 (en) | 2009-04-08 | 2015-12-01 | Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma Und Maschinen Gmbh | Cooling pipes, electrode holders and electrode for an arc plasma torch |
CN107018618A (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2017-08-04 | 谢尔贝格芬斯特瓦尔德等离子机械有限公司 | Cooling tube, electrode receiving portion and electrode and device and arc plasma spray gun |
US9743504B2 (en) | 2009-04-08 | 2017-08-22 | Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma Und Maschinen Gmbh | Cooling pipes, electrode holders and electrode for an arc plasma torch |
EP2663167A1 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2013-11-13 | Manfred Hollberg | Cooling pipe for a plasma arc torch and spacer |
WO2013167244A3 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2014-01-03 | Manfred Hollberg | Cooling pipe for a plasma arc torch and spacer |
US9661731B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2017-05-23 | Manfred Hollberg | Cooling tube for a plasma arc torch and spacer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE304787T1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
EP1391142A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
DE60206162D1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
ES2251598T3 (en) | 2006-05-01 |
US7005599B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
ITRM20010291A1 (en) | 2002-11-29 |
ITRM20010291A0 (en) | 2001-05-29 |
US20050016968A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
DE60206162T2 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
EP1391142B1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
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