WO2002097584A2 - Adaptive video server - Google Patents
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- WO2002097584A2 WO2002097584A2 PCT/US2002/017118 US0217118W WO02097584A2 WO 2002097584 A2 WO2002097584 A2 WO 2002097584A2 US 0217118 W US0217118 W US 0217118W WO 02097584 A2 WO02097584 A2 WO 02097584A2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234354—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by altering signal-to-noise ratio parameters, e.g. requantization
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234309—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by transcoding between formats or standards, e.g. from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 or from Quicktime to Realvideo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/23439—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements for generating different versions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/24—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth, upstream requests
- H04N21/2402—Monitoring of the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. bandwidth available
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
- H04N21/25808—Management of client data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
- H04N21/25808—Management of client data
- H04N21/25825—Management of client data involving client display capabilities, e.g. screen resolution of a mobile phone
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
- H04N21/25808—Management of client data
- H04N21/25833—Management of client data involving client hardware characteristics, e.g. manufacturer, processing or storage capabilities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
- H04N21/2662—Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/4402—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
- H04N21/658—Transmission by the client directed to the server
- H04N21/6582—Data stored in the client, e.g. viewing habits, hardware capabilities, credit card number
Definitions
- Various embodiments relate generally to a multimedia communications system, and, more particularly, to a communications system having an adaptive video server.
- RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol
- MULTI-USER, ON-DEMAND VIDEO SERVER SYSTEM INCLUDING INDEPENDENT, CONCURRENTLY OPERATING REMOTE DATA RETRIEVAL CONTROLLER discloses a video server having a mass storage unit for storing a plurality of movies in digital form, specifically in an MPEG format. Anderson further discloses a plurality of identical converters, one for each conventional television receiver, for decoding and decompressing the MPEG movies. The link between the video server and the converters is disclosed as being high bandwidth. There are several disadvantages with the video server of Anderson.
- Exemplary of this approach includes a product available under the name FIREPRODUCER (http://www.firepad.com), which purports to deliver streams of live or stored video to multiple PalmOS handheld devices that run a client piece called FIREVIEWER.
- FIREPRODUCER http://www.firepad.com
- the output of this product is inflexible inasmuch as the proprietary video format is generally incompatible with other devices, or, at the very least, is not optimized or tailored to suit end user devices other than PalmOS.
- Figure 1 is a simplified block diagram view of a system according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a simplified block diagram showing, in greater detail, an architectural organization of the video server of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a simplified diagrammatic and block diagram view showing, in greater detail, the portions of the server software illustrated in Figure 2.
- Figure 4 is a simplified block diagram of a client computing architecture according to the invention.
- Figure 5 is a simplified block diagram view of an originating source of video data according to the invention.
- Figure 6 is a simplified diagram of a display buffer of Figure 5.
- Various embodiments of a video server adapt video data to a video format that is optimized for play back at a client device based on a number of factors. Another embodiment provides, with respect to an originating source of video data, for image acquisition and communication to a video server using computing devices having limited computing resources.
- a client-server system may include a client configured to display video and which is coupled to a network.
- the system also includes a server coupled to the network, and which is configured to determine computing resource characteristics of the client.
- the server is further configured to select a transmit video format from a plurality of available video formats based on the determined computing resource characteristics of the client, and to communicate the video data to the client in the selected video format.
- the selected transmit video format corresponds to a native display format associated with the client. This is useful in relieving the client with decoding, and decompression functions where the client has relatively limited central processing unit (CPU) computing ability, amounts of main memory, amounts of available memory, or the lack of a specialized graphics processor.
- the server is also configured to translate, for example, color video data for display on a grey- scale display and/or to scale a horizontal and vertical display size so as to fit on the client display.
- Figure 1 shows a client-server system 10 for multimedia communications in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- System 10 features an adaptive video server configured to select a transmit video format from a plurality of available video formats based on determined characteristics of the destination client.
- an adaptive video server configured to select a transmit video format from a plurality of available video formats based on determined characteristics of the destination client.
- Figure 1 further shows a video server 12 which may optionally have a stored multimedia database 14 associated therewith, and a plurality of client devices 16 ⁇ , 16 2 , 16 3 , . . ., 16 N connected to the video server 12 by way of a first network 18.
- Network 18 may include a wireless communication portion 18w for communications with wireless clients such as client 16 ⁇ .
- Figure 1 further shows a plurality of originating video sources 20 ⁇ , . . . , 20 N connected to video server 12 by way of a second network 22.
- First network 18 and second network 22 may be the same network.
- video means multimedia content including moving video, still video, audio, or a combination thereof.
- Video server 12 is configured to communicate either (i) pre-stored multimedia content, such as contained in its local database 14, or (ii) streaming multimedia content received from originating sources 20, to client devices 16 that have connected therewith and have requested content.
- Video server 12 may be implemented on conventional computing hardware.
- server 12 may comprise a personal computer (PC) platform executing a windows operating system (e.g., Windows 98SE, Windows ME, Windows 2000, etc.), an Apple Macintosh computer system, a Unix-based computer, a Linux-based computer, and the like.
- video server 12 includes conventional central processor(s), main memory, cache memory, hard disk drive, communication ports, keyboard, mouse, display and the like.
- video server 12 may further include conventional server software, for example, conventional web server software such as the widely available Apache web server software for Linux-based systems (e.g., recently available Apache 1.3.19 version available at http://httpd.apache.org/). It should be understood, however, that server 12 need not comprise a web (or HTTP) server where, in particular, the client(s) 16 ⁇ , 16 2 , 16 3 , . . . , 16 N are not communicating with server 12 using the HTTP protocol.
- server software for example, conventional web server software such as the widely available Apache web server software for Linux-based systems (e.g., recently available Apache 1.3.19 version available at http://httpd.apache.org/). It should be understood, however, that server 12 need not comprise a web (or HTTP) server where, in particular, the client(s) 16 ⁇ , 16 2 , 16 3 , . . . , 16 N are not communicating with server 12 using the HTTP protocol.
- HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
- the stored multimedia database 14 may comprise any type of content
- Video formats including, without limitation, the Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) format (e.g., MPEG-1 , MPEG-2, MPEG-4, etc.), Microsoft video format-AVI format, Quick Time format, or any other type of format now known, or hereinafter developed.
- MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group
- Stored multimedia database 14 may reside, physically, on a hard disk drive, or other conventional apparatus (e.g., CD or DVD tower).
- Client devices 16 ⁇ , 16 2 , 16 3 , . . . , 16N are each configured to display video and are, as shown, coupled to network 18.
- Certain of the client devices 16 may include a client module to enhance the exchange of information between client 16 and server 12, the content of which will be described in greater detail in connection with Figure 3.
- client devices 16 2 , 16 3 are shown having such a client module, while client devices 16 ⁇ and 16N do not have such a client module.
- all clients have, at a minimum, capabilities to display video, as mentioned above.
- the particular configuration of the plurality of client devices 16 varies greatly, and may be any one of a plurality of conventional computing devices commercially available.
- client devices 16 may comprise a desktop or laptop personal computer (PC) executing a windows-based operating system (e.g., Windows 98SE, Windows ME, Windows 2000, etc.), an Apple Macintosh computer, a Unix work station, a Linux work station, a hand held computer such as a Microsoft Windows CE-based device ⁇ i.e., a Pocket PC), a Palm or Hand Spring connected organizer, any variety of laptop computers, wireless telephones having internet access (e.g., WAP enabled), such as, for example, a commercially available product from Kyocera (Webphone), video tablets, wireless wrist watches (e.g., commercially available from Matsucom), Internet appliances (e.g., 3COM's "Audrey”), as well as a variety of other computing devices, generally.
- a windows-based operating system e.g., Windows 98SE, Windows ME, Windows 2000, etc.
- Apple Macintosh computer e.g., a Unix work station, a Linux work station,
- the client devices may be either connected to network 18 by way of a wire line, such as shown for client devices 16 2 , 16 3 and 16N or may be connected to network 18 by way of a wireless link, as for the case of client device 16 ⁇ connected to wireless portion 18 w of network 18 (connection shown in phantom line).
- Video server 12 may select one of a plurality of video formats based on a profile of the requesting client device 16. The information contained in the profile will be described in connection with Figure 3.
- video server 12 includes an operating system 24, server software 26, and, optionally, one or more virtual machines 28 ⁇ , 28 2 , . . ., 28N which may be established by server software 26 depending on the assessment of the profile of a requesting client device 16.
- server software 26 it is quite often the case that content stored in multimedia database 14 is stored in a compressed form (e.g., MPEG-2) in order to reduce the amount of disk space taken up by the content, for example, multiple movies.
- MPEG-2 a compressed form
- server software 26 when it determines that a change in video format is desirable for a particular client device 16, establishes a respective virtual machine 28 in the server memory itself, where the requested multimedia content is played back/translated, or otherwise formatted so as to optimize the experience for a user of the requesting client device.
- a similar construct is known in the art and is referred to as a "thin client” approach. The actual processing power, therefore, is drawn from the server, not the client.
- FIG. 3 shows, in greater detail, the server software 26 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- server software 26 includes input/output (I/O) 30, a client identity detect module 32, a client computer resource characteristic detect module 34, a client display characteristic detect module 36, a server-to-client bandwidth detect module 38, a client battery detect module 40, a video format select module 42, and a video data formatter module 44.
- Video data formatted in a transmit video format is output as a stream of messages 45.
- a respective client profile is developed using the detected client information.
- Client identity detect module 32 is configured to detect an identity of a particular client device 16 and generate a signal SO indicative of such determined identity.
- identification information may include the client device manufacturer, model number, operating system, and any special hardware or software.
- signal SO is shown simply as a single signal line for clarity.
- the identification may, in-fact, comprise, for example, text strings corresponding to the above described information, as well as perhaps numerical information.
- Computing resource characteristic detect module 34 is configured to obtain information useful to assess, generally, the capability of a client device 16 to decode and decompress a multimedia content stream which, as described above, is commonly compressed.
- computing resource characteristics may include the type and clock speed of a central processing unit (CPU), including any other characterizing computing ability (e.g., MMX capability), an amount of main memory, an amount of available memory, as well as an availability of any specialized graphics processor.
- Module 34 determines one or more of the foregoing characteristics and generates a signal, designated S1 , indicative of such information. As with signal SO, it is shown as “single" line for clarity only.
- Module 36 is configured to determine display characteristics of a client device 16. Display characteristics as used herein may include the availability of a color display and a color depth associated with each pixel, an availability of a grey-scale display and the number of levels of grey associated therewith, the availability of a black/white display, and a horizontal and vertical display size (e.g., in pixels). In some instances, determination of the identity of the client uniquely determines its display capabilities (e.g., a Palm Mix is a 160 x 160 pixel, 4-bit grey scale display). Display characteristic detect module 36 generates an output signal S2 indicative of the determined display characteristics of a particular client device 16. Again, signal S2, along with signals S3, S4 and S5, are shown as a single line for clarity purposes only.
- Bandwidth detect module 38 is configured to detect an available bandwidth between video server 12 and a requesting client device 16 through network 18. Bandwidth detect module 38 generates a signal, designated S3 indicative of the determined available bandwidth. In addition, connectivity characteristics such as delay, turnaround time, whether the communication is "connectionless" or not (e.g., TCP/IP and opened ports, etc. vs. video data tunneled via HTTP), may also be included in the information in signal S3.
- connectivity characteristics such as delay, turnaround time, whether the communication is "connectionless" or not (e.g., TCP/IP and opened ports, etc. vs. video data tunneled via HTTP), may also be included in the information in signal S3.
- Battery detect module 40 is configured to determine whether a particular client device 16 is powered by way of batteries, and if so, the type and optionally the state of charge thereof. Battery detect module 40 generates an output signal, designated S4, indicative of the determined battery characteristics of the particular client device 16.
- client devices 16 include a client module that is configured to communicate and cooperate with video server software 26 of video server 12 in obtaining the foregoing information.
- client software 46 is configured to communicate with, for example, application programming interfaces (APIs) 47 of the operating system of the client device 16 in order to ascertain one or more of the items of information described above with respect to modules 32, 34, 36, 38, and 40.
- APIs application programming interfaces
- a set of publicly known APIs are available to determine a wide variety of client device information, such as the information set forth above.
- Palm software development kit e.g., SDK 3.5
- Similar software development kits are available for other devices (e.g., Microsoft Windows CE APIs for a pocket PC device, Windows 98 APIs for a desktop or laptop client device, etc.).
- a particular client device 16 may comprise a Microsoft Windows-based operating system.
- a windows video format e.g., a file having a * avi extension
- the client identity may also uniquely determine some computing resource characteristics and/or screen display (as mentioned above).
- the computing resource characteristics ⁇ i.e., signal S1 ) largely reflect the client device's capability to decode and decompress certain synchronized and compressed video formats such as the MPEG-2 format, and Real Time Video (RTV) format.
- certain synchronized and compressed video formats such as the MPEG-2 format, and Real Time Video (RTV) format.
- RTV Real Time Video
- the video server 12 may determine that no compression should be used in order to provide the best experience to the user of that particular client device 16 in terms of frames per second, for example. This means that a bitmap video format would be sent.
- the display characteristics may also be considered together with the other signals in determining what transmit video format to select.
- a movie stored in multimedia storage database 14 in an MPEG-2 format that is in a color format, in a 1024 x 768 pixel size, for example, will not only have to be decoded and decompressed at the client device prior to display, but may also have to be converted from color to grey- scale, as well as to be scaled down to the display window of the client device (e.g., 160 x 160 pixels in a Palm OS connected organizer).
- Sufficient computing resources may be unavailable to perform the decoding, decompression and the color-to-grey scale and scaling conversions in a suitably high frame rate.
- the server software may perform the color-to-grey scale and size scaling transformations on the server side and send that in either compressed or uncompressed format to the client device 16.
- the available bandwidth may impact selection of a video format as follows. For example, if a provisional selection by server 12 (perhaps based on other factors) of a video format would be to send uncompressed multimedia content to the client device 16, but the connection is bandwidth limited, for example over a wireless link, then a compromise must be made. The compromise reconciles (i) attempting to optimize frames per second at the client by reducing computationally intensive decoding and decompression (which may unfortunately increase the total payload), and (ii) total bandwidth from server to client (which may be limited and insufficient to carry uncompressed data). That is, some level of compression may be required in order to fit the video data within the maximum available bandwidth. A video format having some level of compression would be selected (e.g., MPEG-4), and the user of the particular client device 16 would be presented with a perhaps reduced frame rate than would otherwise be possible if an increased available bandwidth connection were available and no compression used.
- MPEG-4 MPEG-4
- the battery detect signal reflects the understanding that battery drain is a function of both computational activity and screen activity.
- a client device dependent on batteries can ill afford a total drain.
- Transferring an uncompressed bit map image to a display buffer at a client device 16, for example, is much less computationally intensive than decoding and decompressing an MPEG-2 multimedia stream.
- Such video format bitmap; uncompressed
- video server 12 may incorporate battery management into its decision structure.
- video format select module 42 is responsive to one or more of the signals S0-S4 for selecting a transmit video format, which is represented by a video format selection signal S5.
- video format select module 42 selects a transmit video format, which is then used by video data formatter module 44 in ensuring compliance of the requested video data with the selected video format.
- Client device 16 includes the client software 46 referred to above, and is identified, for example, as a Windows 98-based machine including 256 MB of SDRAM, and 800 MHz Intel Pentium III central processor, 40 GB hard drive, with a 3D video graphics card having display settings set to 1024 x 768 pixels, 32 bit color depth (true color), connected to the internet via a cable modem having a bandwidth in excess of T1 speeds ⁇ i.e., greater than 1.5 Mbps), directly operating from 120 volt line voltage ⁇ i.e., no batteries).
- the requested multimedia content is in an MPEG-2 stored video format.
- Video format select module 42 makes a determination that the described client device 16 has sufficient computing resources to decode and decompress the requested MPEG-2 format movie in real time.
- any color display characteristics ⁇ i.e., color depth) or scaling ⁇ i.e., display size) can also be accomplished at the client device 16 in real time.
- the available bandwidth does not impose any limitations, nor is battery usage a factor.
- server resource usage can be optimized ⁇ i.e., no need to make an MPEG-2-to-AVI translation), without any detriment on the perceived experience for the user at the client device end, by the server 12 passing through the retrieved MPEG movie to the requesting client device 16.
- the transmitted video data is shown in Figure 3 as a message 45 containing video data in an MPEG video format ⁇ i.e., the selected transmit video format).
- No virtual machine 28 is created by server software 26 in this Example 1. The foregoing constitutes one client profile.
- the client device 16 comprises a so-called Pocket PC having 16 MB of
- This client device 16 includes an Ethernet ⁇ i.e., a local area network) type connection to network 18, which is coupled to video server 12.
- This client device 16 runs on batteries.
- the requested multimedia content is again in an MPEG stored video format.
- the transmit video format selected by module 42 in this second example, is an AVI video format, in view of the moderate level of computing resources available on such a client device, the display characteristics, and the operating system of the client device (e.g., Microsoft Windows-based operating system). The selection is communicated to video data formatter 44 via signal S5.
- Video data formatter 44 establishes a virtual machine, for example virtual machine 28 ⁇ in the memory of server 12, for translating from MPEG to AVI.
- MPEG and AVI codecs coders-decoders
- the data stream being retrieved from stored multimedia database 14 is first converted from MPEG into raw video data, and which is then scaled, and whose color depth is further corrected to match that of the client device, and then encoded using an AVI codec.
- the outgoing stream from video data formatter 44 is sent out via I/O 30 as a stream of messages 45 containing video data in the transmit video format (here, the AVI format). Effectively, much of the processing power required to obtain playback in the client's native format, working from the original compressed MPEG file, is actually borne by the server, not the client. This enhances the client's experience.
- the foregoing constitutes a second client profile.
- the client device 16 is a Palm OS connected organizer with a 160 x
- the client device 16 in this example includes client software 46 for enhanced information gathering and communication upstream to video server 12 through network 18W, 18.
- Video format select module 42 selects an uncompressed, 16-level grey-scale video format with a scaled size of approximately 160 x 160 pixels for communication to this client 16.
- the video format selection is provided via signal S5 to video data formatter 44.
- Video data formatter 44 initiates another virtual machine 282. As the requested content, which is in an MPEG format, is retrieved from stored multimedia 14, it is, in effect, running (play back) within virtual machine 282.
- Video data formatter 44 in this example, is configured to convert from color to the 16- level grey scale, as well as to perform a scaling operation to reduce the size so as to be immediately usable for display on the client device 16.
- the selected transmit video format is a native video format associated with the described client device 16. All that the client device needs to do is to transfer the incoming, uncompressed (native video format) data from the receive buffer to the display buffer.
- the foregoing example further illustrates how computing resources are drawn from the device in the chain best adapted to handle (in this example, the server).
- the foregoing describes a third client profile.
- a whole spectrum of pass through, format conversion, and other variations will be possible depending on all of the factors described above, and yet remain with the spirit and scope of the present invention.
- a plurality of client devices 16 of the above-described variety of configurations are serviced concurrently by video server 12.
- video data formatter 44 can be configured to select streaming video feeds that are provided on an alternate input thereto in addition to, or in lieu of, retrieving stored multimedia from stored multimedia database 14.
- the video server 12 may be adaptive depending on the profile of the client device being serviced in order to provide a better experience to the user. This arrangement overcomes many of the problems in the art, with single purpose or inflexible servers.
- streaming video is provided from a plurality of physically separate locations comprising respective originating video source(s) designated 20 ⁇ , . . ., 20 N .
- Each source 20 ⁇ , . . ., 20 N include an imaging device 48, a computing device 50 cooperating together to image and stream video data corresponding to a respective view 52.
- Figure 5 shows a single originating source 20 ⁇ in greater detail.
- Imaging device 48 may be any one of a number of conventional imaging devices, such as still digital cameras, video cameras, and the like. In a constructed embodiment, however, a low-cost web cam is employed, which is a commercially available component, for example, available from D-Link, capable of capturing 30 frames per second, 64,000,000 colors, having a universal serial bus (USB), interface, model no. DSB-C300. Of course, any number of alternative imaging devices, comparable in function, may be substituted therefore.
- D-Link universal serial bus
- Computing device 50 ⁇ may comprise conventional computing apparatus, having a central processing unit (CPU) 54 coupled, as shown in diagrammatic fashion, to a common bus 55, to which communication is enabled with a main memory 56, a display buffer 58, and an input/output (I/O) 60.
- CPU central processing unit
- I/O input/output
- image data 62 generated by imaging device 48 ⁇ , which corresponds to view 52, is provided to device 50 ⁇ in a compressed format, such as an *.avi video format.
- software provided with imaging devices of the type described ⁇ i.e., web cams
- allow a user to, among other things, save the incoming video stream 62 to a local hard drive, or to simply allow the image data 62 to be continuously displayed on a locally connected display in a "preview" mode ⁇ i.e., the software converts the image data 62 into a bit map and moves the bit map into the display buffer 58).
- the incoming image data 62 in the * avi format, for example, is not stored to a local hard drive, but is rather allowed to free run in the "preview" mode.
- FIG. 6 shows display buffer 58 in greater detail, having a first portion
- a module executing from main memory 56 is configured to retrieve the bit map 68 from display buffer 58 and forward the same via I/O 60 as a message 64 containing the bit map data, destined through network 22 to video server 12.
- Figure 6 is simplified, and that the bit map portion 68 of display buffer 58 need not be linear and contiguous, as shown.
- a plurality of such configurations may be deployed at a plurality of distinct physical locations, for example purposes only, for distributed security monitoring.
- the stream of messages 64 comprising frames in the bit map video format, when routed through video server 12, and when destined for, for example, a relatively low powered client device (e.g., a Palm OS connected organizer, as described above in Example 3), may simply "pass through" the bit map to the client device 16.
- a relatively low powered client device e.g., a Palm OS connected organizer, as described above in Example 3
- the embodiment of Figure 5 can be used in conjunction with the video server to form an end-to-end adaptive video capture and client data server system for improved video communication.
- a user with a handheld device is then enabled to monitor a plurality of different views at a remote location.
- a flexible approach to the distribution of multimedia content wherein resource intensive tasks are allocated to a computing device best suited/best capable of performing such resource intensive tasks.
- the video server is the node in the system having the greatest computing power, most of the conditioning work on the video data is performed there.
- the client has extensive capabilities, then the video server just serves up the content, which is usually compressed (MPEG, AVI), and allows the client to decode and decompress it.
- the originating source i.e., image or video capture source
- a bitmap only is extracted and sent upstream to the video server.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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