WO2002090103A2 - Tufted covering for floors and/or walls - Google Patents
Tufted covering for floors and/or walls Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002090103A2 WO2002090103A2 PCT/US2002/013085 US0213085W WO02090103A2 WO 2002090103 A2 WO2002090103 A2 WO 2002090103A2 US 0213085 W US0213085 W US 0213085W WO 02090103 A2 WO02090103 A2 WO 02090103A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- primary backing
- tufted
- backing
- covering
- yarns
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
- B32B5/142—Variation across the area of the layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0068—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by the primary backing or the fibrous top layer
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
- D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
- D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
- D06N7/0081—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing with at least one extra fibrous layer at the backing, e.g. stabilizing fibrous layer, fibrous secondary backing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/71—Resistive to light or to UV
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2471/00—Floor coverings
- B32B2471/02—Carpets
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- D06N2201/0254—Polyolefin fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- D06N2201/0263—Polyamide fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
- D06N2201/08—Inorganic fibres
- D06N2201/082—Glass fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
- D06N2203/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N2203/042—Polyolefin (co)polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
- D06N2203/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N2203/045—Vinyl (co)polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
- D06N2203/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N2203/045—Vinyl (co)polymers
- D06N2203/048—Polyvinylchloride (co)polymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
- D06N2203/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N2203/061—Polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
- D06N2203/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N2203/065—Polyamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/08—Properties of the materials having optical properties
- D06N2209/0807—Coloured
- D06N2209/083—Multi-coloured
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
- D06N2209/1628—Dimensional stability
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
- D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
- D06N2209/1678—Resistive to light or to UV
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
- D06N2211/06—Building materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23914—Interlaminar
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23929—Edge feature or configured or discontinuous surface
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23929—Edge feature or configured or discontinuous surface
- Y10T428/23936—Differential pile length or surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23957—Particular shape or structure of pile
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
- Y10T428/23979—Particular backing structure or composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to coverings and particularly to tufted broadloom carpet and/or modular carpet, i.e., carpet tiles or roll tile wherein the wear surface of the covering includes exposed patterned portions of the primary backing and backstitches of the tufts having complementary aesthetic design characteristics.
- carpet or covering One form of conventional covering is tufted broadloom roll carpet or modular carpet, i.e., carpet tiles or roll tile, hereafter generically referred to as carpet or covering.
- carpet or covering are meant to embrace carpet applied to a floor, wall or ceiling.
- a principal and inherent deficiency in a carpet particularly in commercial facilities, resides in the declining appearance retention of the aesthetic features of the carpet over long periods of use.
- carpet pile located adjacent doorways or high traffic areas quickly mats down with very noticeable adverse changes in appearance.
- Another example is conventional carpet used in locations where wheels and/or casters for chairs, carts and other items are frequently used. The appearance of the carpet in such areas degrades rapidly.
- carpet construction made to conventional levels typically sacrifices other desirable attributes such as comfort under foot or sound absorption and oftentimes a lack of aesthetic characteristics.
- carpet which is over* engineered and over-designed to accommodate those high-use and high-traffic areas is concomitantly over-designed in areas of less traffic and use.
- by designing a very high density carpet to accommodate high traffic areas by using additional pile not only is the cost of the carpet substantially increased by the increased cost of the most expensive part of the carpet, i.e., the pile, but also waste disposal becomes a serious problem. Accordingly, there is a need for a carpet which overcomes the foregoing deficiencies and yet provides an aesthetically pleasing appearance at low cost.
- the burden of the wear surface of a tufted carpet constructed in accordance with the present invention is in part transferred to the primary backing surface which carpet pile normally obscures.
- the primary backing for a tufted pile carpet typically serves as a support for the pile rather than to impart any aesthetics to the carpet. In most carpets, the primary backing is totally obscured by the pile and plays no role in the aesthetic design of the carpet.
- a tufted carpet is provided in which the backstitches of the tufts and exposed portions of the primary backing are presented as the wear surface. That is, both the backstitches of the tufts and primary backing portions in selected discrete areas of the carpet, respectively, are exposed as discrete parts of the wear surface.
- the exposed portions of the primary backing thus also form an aesthetic part of the carpet wear surface in conjunction with other portions of the wear surface of the carpet formed by the backstitches of the tufts exposed on one side of the primary backing. Because significant portions of the carpet wear surface comprise the exposed primary backing, the primary backing is not only provided with aesthetic considerations but is also formed with an ultraviolet stabilizer to alleviate the destructive effect of the sun's ultraviolet rays.
- the preferred primary backing according to the invention is made of woven polypropylene tape yarns or multi-filament yams, although other materials of construction, such as nylon or polyester or other polyolefins such as polyethylene may be used. Other yarn forms may also be used and other fabric forms, including warp knitted, weft insertion and non-woven or stitch-bonded may also be used.
- the carpet hereof is thus characterized in part by the tight, dense and exposed backstitches of the tufts along portions of the wear surface of the primary backing in conjunction with portions of the primary backing which are likewise exposed as wear surfaces and which do not have any tufted yarns therethrough. It will be appreciated that the use of tufted yarns in only portions of the carpet and exposing the remaining portions of the primary backing, i.e., untufted areas, as part of the wear surface has the concomitant benefit of requiring less surface pile material, reduced costs and reduced disposal concerns at the end of the carpet's useful life.
- the resulting carpet has a dense low-profile surface, which retains its textile aesthetics and enables rolling traffic such as beds, chairs, cleaning equipment and the like to move over the carpet without substantial degradation in the appearance of the carpet.
- the carpet is also much lighter than conventional tufted carpet.
- a primary backing is tufted in a conventional manner and at selected areas along the primary backing. Rather than forming cut or continuous loops along the wear surface of the carpet, the tufted primary backing is inverted such that the backstitches of the tufts form portions of the wear surface.
- a resin is applied to the back side of the primary backing, which now contains either the cut or loop yarns to retain the cut or loop yarns in place on the back side of the primary backing. Thus, all of the cut or loop yams on the back side of the primary backing are encapsulated by the resin.
- a hot melt composition is then applied over the resin.
- the hot melt composition comprises a mixture of EVA, calcium carbonate and a resin, a mixture known in the trade as Unibond® backing.
- a secondary backing preferably a woven polypropylene scrim
- a secondary backing preferably a woven polypropylene scrim
- the carpet construction is then moved across a chill table to solidify the Unibond® layer. Consequently, the woven polypropylene scrim forms the back side of the carpet which is then applied to the floor surface, for example, by an adhesive.
- a needle-bonded synthetic fiber backing may be applied to the resin and Unibond® layer overlying the cut or loop yarn.
- the needle-bonded synthetic fiber is preferably a mixture of nylon and minor amounts of polypropylene, both of which are preferably recycled fibers from other manufacturing streams.
- the needle-bonded nylon and polypropylene fibers are homogenized and applied to the back side of the primary which is saturated with the resin fixing the cut or loop yarns in place.
- the needle-bonded nylon and polypropylene can be formed of original nylon and polypropylene without any waste content or mixtures of new and waste nylon and polypropylene fibers may be used.
- This type of secondary backing affords a dense coherent cushion fabric providing comfort underfoot, acoustic control and thermal insulation.
- a non-woven primary backing particularly useful for modular carpeting, may be provided.
- This primary backing may be formed of a mixture of nylon and polyester fibers, cut or chopped, mixed together and passed between a pair of heated rolls to form a flat sheet of the composite structure.
- the composite sheet may be tufted and provides a more dimensionally stable primary backing than woven polypropylene. This ensures carpet stability, particularly when used for modular carpets.
- the non-woven primary backing may be used with either the Unibond® material and woven polypropylene scrim as a secondary backing or the needle-bonded synthetic fiber secondary backing, the non-woven backing is not essential or necessary for use in the manufacture of broadloom carpet.
- the non-woven primary backing formed of the tufted sheet of nylon and polyester fibers may have a secondary backing, including a PVC precoat, to encapsulate the tufted fibers and maintain the tufted fibers in place.
- a main coat having a heavier PVC content and also a fiberglass stabilizer layer may be added for further stability.
- a covering for a floor, wall or ceiling surface comprising a primary backing in part exposed on one side of the covering for forming discrete wear surface portions of a wear surface of the covering, a plurality of yarns tufted into the primary backing along remaining parts of the primary backing forming cut or loop yarns on a back side of the primary backing remote from the wear surface, leaving a plurality of backstitches of the tufted yarns along and forming remaining portions of the wear surface and a resin fixing the cut or loop pile tufted yarn along the back side of the primary backing, the backstitches and the primary backing portions exposed along the wear surface having aesthetic characteristics distinguished from one another.
- a covering for a floor, wall or ceiling surface comprising a woven primary backing having tufted and non-tufted portions on one side thereof exposed for forming discrete wear surface portions of a wear surface of the covering, the tufted portions including a plurality of yarns tufted into the primary backing and formed of cut or loop yarns on a back side of the primary backing remote from the wear surface, leaving a plurality of backstitches of the tufted yarns along and forming part of the wear surface and a resin fixing the cut or loop tufted yarns along the back side of the primary backing, the non-tufted portions comprising warp and weft yarns of the primary backing, the tufted and non-tufted portions of the primary backing exposed along the wear surface having aesthetic characteristics distinguished from one another.
- a protective coating may be applied to the wear surface side of the primary backing to enhance wear life.
- FIGURE 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a covering constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIGURES 2 and 3 are views similar to Figure 1 illustrating further embodiments of the present invention.
- FIGURE 4 is a perspective view illustrating the wear surface of a section of a covering constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGURE 5 is a plan view of another style of the covering hereof. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the covering 10 includes a woven polypropylene primary backing 12 which is tufted in a conventional manner by passing textured or untextured continuous filament or spun yarns 14 through the woven backing, forming looped yarns 16 along the underside of the primary backing 12.
- the tufting process is conventional and any type of fiber may be utilized for the yarn being tufted, for example, a polyester, polyolefin, polylactic acid or nylon, as desired.
- tufted continuous loop yarns 16 are illustrated on the back side of the primary backing 12, it will be appreciated that the loops or loop yarns 16 may comprise cut pile yarns along the back side of the primary backing 12.
- the woven primary backing also has an ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer to protect against the degrading effect of ultraviolet rays. That is, the primary backing is formed preferably of a woven polypropylene with a UV stabilizer added during extrusion of the polypropylene yarn forming the primary backing.
- UV ultraviolet
- a resin 18 is applied along the back side of the primary backing and coats, encapsulates and saturates the loops 16 to lock the loop yarns in place.
- a Unibond® backing or coating is then applied over the resin-coated, continuous loop yarns 16.
- the Unibond® coating 20 comprises a mixture of ethylvinyl acetate (EVA), calcium carbonate and a resin.
- EVA ethylvinyl acetate
- the Unibond® coating is applied as a hot melt composition over the resin 18. While the hot melt is still in a liquid or plastic condition, a secondary backing, preferably a woven polypropylene scrim 22, is applied to the Unibond® coating 20.
- the carpet construction is then passed over a chill table to set and solidify the Unibond® coating and secure the secondary backing 22 in the carpet construction.
- the secondary backing 22 provides integrity and dimensional stability to the covering.
- each backstitch 28 of the tufted yarns 14 is exposed through the primary backing 12 and form part of the wear surface. Moreover, each backstitch 28 is tufted tightly such that it is in substantial continuous contact with the woven polypropylene primary backing 12 for the entirety of its length exposed through the primary backing 12 on the wear surface.
- FIGs 4 and 5 there are illustrated two different styles of covering construction and which are considered representative of a multitude of different styles of covering according to the present invention.
- a principal aspect of the present invention resides in the use of the primary backing as part of the wear surface of the covering.
- the covering style illustrated comprises a diagonally extending pattern of hexagons formed by the tufted yams 14.
- Portions 24 of the primary backing 12 lie exposed on and form part of the wear side of the covering.
- Backstitches 28 of the tufted yarns 14 form other or remaining parts of the wear surface of the covering.
- the non-tufted portions 24 of the primary backing 12 and the tufted portions of the yarns 14, e.g., the backstitches 28, form a complementary pattern along the wear surface of the covering.
- the yarns 14 bound hexagonal areas of the primary backing 12 exposed as part of the wear surface.
- the tufted yarns 14 in this embodiment may comprise cut or continuous loop yarns. Because the primary backing portions 24 are exposed as part of the wear surface for the covering, the primary backing is exposed to ultraviolet rays. Accordingly, the fibers, film yarns or multi-filaments forming the yarns of the primary backing, preferably polypropylene, are extruded with a UV stabilizer. This precludes degradation of the exposed portions of the primary backing due to sunlight.
- the pattern of the covering illustrated in Figure 4 i.e., a checkerboard pattern of non-tufted primary backing exposed as part of the wear surface and tufted primary backing with the backstitches exposed as part of the wear surface is illustrative only and that the present invention may be carried forward in a multitude of different styles and pattern constructions with a variety of aesthetic characteristics.
- the primary backing 12b contains a tufted pattern of rows of tufts 14b separated one from the other by rows of non-tufted primary backing, both exposed as the wear surface of the carpet.
- the final result is a covering with portions of the primary backing exposed as part of the wear surface and portions of the primary backing containing yarns tufted into the primary backing with the backstitches of the tufted yarns forming the remaining part of the wear surface.
- the non-tufted primary backing portion thus forms part of the aesthetics of the covering in conjunction with the exposed backstitches of the tufted portions of the primary backing.
- the primary backing is preferably colored during its formation or thereafter by dyeing, to afford, in conjunction with preferably differently colored tufting yarns, a pleasing aesthetic appearance.
- the textures of the wear surface of the covering are considerably different, considering that the non-tufted portions and the backstitches of the tufted portions of the primary backing both form discrete parts of the wear surface.
- the appearance of the present covering is retained over a long period of usage. Instead of having exposed upstanding pile continuously worn down in high-traffic areas as in conventional tufted carpet, the wear surface of the present covering is provided by the backstitches, which are drawn tightly against the primary backing. Consequently, a very dense pile, with little capability for movement, is afforded.
- the textile characteristics of the covering such as multiple colors and different textures, are retained.
- the backstitches of the tufted primary backing are presented as a part of the carpet wear surface, together with a carefully designed portion of the primary backing with each having a color, texture and pattern forming aesthetic design elements of the covering.
- the tight, dense backstitch is presented as a wear surface and is both attractive and functional.
- the effect of the backstitches is to form a low pile. This has the concomitant benefit of requiring less material in the covering with reduced cost and disposal concerns at the end of the product's useful lifetime.
- the very dense and low-profile surface while retaining its textile aesthetics, facilitates rolling traffic, with vastly less work expended in moving the traffic and greatly increases lifespan of the rolling traffic, as well as the covering. Additionally, substantial economies are effected in raw material costs in light of the reduced materials utilized in the covering hereof.
- the covering is susceptible of a multitude of different patterns, affording many different colors and textures.
- a woven primary backing 12 tufted with continuous loop yams 14, which are coated on the underside by a resin 18, similarly as in Figure 1 .
- a needle-bonded synthetic fibrous and maincoat mat 30 underlies the resin coating 18.
- the needle-bonded synthetic fibers forming mat 30 may comprise nylon and polypropylene in a cut mixture thereof and mixed with a resin. Preferably, all, none or a proportion of the cut fibers may be formed from waste material from other carpet manufacturing streams.
- a non-woven primary backing 40 particularly useful for modular carpeting, i.e., carpet tiles.
- the non-woven primary backing is preferably formed of a mixture of nylon and polyester fibers. Those fibers are reduced and mixed together and passed between heated rolls to flatten the fibers and form a composite flat sheet structure. The polyester fibers essentially bond the nylon fibers to one another. This sheet may then be tufted, with either the cut or continuous loop yarns 14, to form a highly dimensionally stable primary backing.
- the non-woven primary backing is not necessary for broadloom carpeting.
- a PVC backing is provided to the non-woven primary backing.
- a PVC precoat 42 is applied to the tufted yarn loops 14 to trap and lock the loops in place along the underside of the non-woven primary backing 40.
- a main coat 44 of heavier PVC is then applied, together with a fiberglass stabilizer layer for additional stability.
- the wear surface of the covering comprises non-tufted exposed primary backing and exposed backstitches of tufted yarns formed in an aesthetically pleasing pattern of low, dense fibers where the exposed, non-tufted primary backing forms part of the aesthetic design element for the wear surface.
- a fabric constructed as described above, but modified can be used as wall or ceiling covering. The modification would be effected by substituting a compound containing a flame retardant as a backing material in place of the
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Carpets (AREA)
- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MXPA03010016A MXPA03010016A (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-04-26 | Tufted covering for floors and/or walls. |
CA 2446247 CA2446247A1 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-04-26 | Tufted covering for floors and/or walls |
EP02731499A EP1453666B1 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-04-26 | Tufted covering for floors and/or walls |
DE60228121T DE60228121D1 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-04-26 | CARRIED CLOTHES FOR FLOORS AND / OR WALLS |
JP2002587210A JP2005508204A (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-04-26 | Floor and / or wall tufted rug |
NZ529246A NZ529246A (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-04-26 | Tufted covering for floors and/or walls |
HK05100051A HK1067588A1 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2005-01-05 | Tufted covering for floors and/or walls |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/846,782 US6740386B2 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2001-05-02 | Tufted covering for floors and/or walls |
US09/846,782 | 2001-05-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002090103A2 true WO2002090103A2 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
WO2002090103A3 WO2002090103A3 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
Family
ID=25298933
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/013085 WO2002090103A2 (en) | 2001-05-02 | 2002-04-26 | Tufted covering for floors and/or walls |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6740386B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1453666B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005508204A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1228187C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE403542T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2446247A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60228121D1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1067588A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03010016A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ529246A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002090103A2 (en) |
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WO2004083515A1 (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-30 | Mannington Mills, Inc. | Carpet using unused yarn |
CN103496335A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-08 | 佛山时利和地毯有限公司 | Production technology of combined three-dimensional tufted EVA carpets |
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US8365491B2 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2013-02-05 | Schrunk Thomas R | Grooved panel covering for providing a varying pattern of shading |
US7033661B2 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2006-04-25 | Mohawk Brands Inc. | Covering for floors and/or walls |
US7431974B2 (en) * | 2004-01-17 | 2008-10-07 | Tuftco Corporation | Tufted fabric with embedded stitches |
US7621228B2 (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2009-11-24 | Pryce Kathy S | Hand stitching tool and method for using the same |
US8454871B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2013-06-04 | Thomas R. Schrunk | Apparatus and method for producing light-responsive surfaces on opaque materials |
US7300691B2 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-11-27 | Milliken & Company | Moldable construction incorporating non-olefin bonding interface |
US7294384B2 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-11-13 | Milliken & Company | Moldable construction incorporating bonding interface |
US20070071960A1 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-03-29 | Eleazer Howell B | Moldable fabric with variable constituents |
US20080176019A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2008-07-24 | Kristen Bragdon | Carpet |
US20080124513A1 (en) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-05-29 | Eleazer Howell B | Moldable fabric with unidirectional tape yarns |
US20080148665A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-26 | Yonash Richard F | Ceiling tiles made of rigid pvc |
EP1985737A1 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-10-29 | Colbond B.V. | Process to manufacture tufted backing materials |
JP5475650B2 (en) | 2007-06-03 | 2014-04-16 | アイメリーズ ピグメンツ, インコーポレーテッド | Spunlaid fiber containing coated calcium carbonate, method for producing the same, and nonwoven product |
US20090017322A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-15 | Hayes Heather J | Three dimensional molded thermoplastic article |
WO2009055990A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-07 | Zhang, Bi | An artificial turf and a method thereof |
US20100035045A1 (en) * | 2008-01-21 | 2010-02-11 | Imerys Pigments, Inc. | Fibers comprising at least one filler and processes for their production |
US8291542B2 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2012-10-23 | Tietex International Ltd. | Stitch bonded multi-surface foam cleaning pad |
US20110171435A1 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-14 | Mark Michael Sheldon | Single side stitching for interior skins |
IT1403088B1 (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2013-10-04 | Tenax Spa | ELEMENT FOR FLOORING IN PLASTIC MATERIAL WITH RETICULAR STRUCTURE, PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SAME AND USE OF THE FLOORING ELEMENT |
USD674123S1 (en) | 2011-10-25 | 2013-01-08 | Empire West, Inc. | Ceiling tile |
US20140272262A1 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Milliken & Company | Recyclable Single Polymer Floorcovering Article |
CN107028466A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-11 | 肖氏工业集团公司 | Deconstruct carpet and manufacture method |
US9643382B2 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2017-05-09 | Milliken & Company | Fiber reinforced structural element |
US20160032521A1 (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-04 | Milliken & Company | Carpet Tile With Polyolefin Secondary Backing |
US11225740B1 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2022-01-18 | Robert S. Weiner | Element between backshift and primary backing method |
US11260621B2 (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2022-03-01 | Aladdin Manufacturing Corporation | Low weight modular carpet components and methods of making the same |
CN108909135B (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-08-25 | 阿斯福特纺织(漳州)有限公司 | Efficient forming process of breathable chemical fiber blanket |
US11510515B2 (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2022-11-29 | Johns Manville | Scrim-reinforced cushion mat for carpet tiles |
CN114516210B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-05-10 | 诺奥(福建)环保家居用品有限公司 | High-performance flame-retardant engineering blanket |
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- 2002-04-26 WO PCT/US2002/013085 patent/WO2002090103A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2002-04-26 MX MXPA03010016A patent/MXPA03010016A/en active IP Right Grant
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---|---|---|---|---|
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CN103496335A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-08 | 佛山时利和地毯有限公司 | Production technology of combined three-dimensional tufted EVA carpets |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2446247A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
ATE403542T1 (en) | 2008-08-15 |
EP1453666A2 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
MXPA03010016A (en) | 2004-12-13 |
JP2005508204A (en) | 2005-03-31 |
EP1453666B1 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
NZ529246A (en) | 2006-04-28 |
US6740386B2 (en) | 2004-05-25 |
WO2002090103A3 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
CN1228187C (en) | 2005-11-23 |
HK1067588A1 (en) | 2005-04-15 |
DE60228121D1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
EP1453666A4 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
US20020164448A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
CN1522198A (en) | 2004-08-18 |
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