WO2002084200A1 - Recoil attenuator - Google Patents
Recoil attenuator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002084200A1 WO2002084200A1 PCT/US2001/011624 US0111624W WO02084200A1 WO 2002084200 A1 WO2002084200 A1 WO 2002084200A1 US 0111624 W US0111624 W US 0111624W WO 02084200 A1 WO02084200 A1 WO 02084200A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- attenuator
- piston
- barrel
- support block
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
- F41A25/02—Fluid-operated systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
- F41A25/16—Hybrid systems
- F41A25/20—Hydropneumatic systems
Definitions
- the recoil-controlling system of the present invention allows the gun weight, particularly that of the moving components, to be greatly reduced. Accordingly, the weight of the supporting gun carriage can also be reduced.
- the moving or sliding portion of the gun is coupled to an attenuator unit which is connected between the barrel and the supporting frame or carriage.
- the barrel has a bleed-off port just ahead of the projectile in its loaded position, so that propellant gases exit through the port before the projectile has progressed very far down the barrel.
- the gases are diverted into a reaction cylinder to drive a plunger or a piston, the cylinder being connected to an attenuator which is a fluid- damped shock absorber.
- the attenuation occurs early in the firing cycle near the momentum-to-acceleration conversion point. This early attenuation avoids the heavy kinetic energy forces as the projectile continues along the barrel and exits the muzzle.
- the great reduction in recoil allows the weight of the barrel and its supporting carriage to be reduced.
- the system is not limited to artillery pieces but can also be adapted to .50 caliber, 20 mm, 40 mm and similar smaller caliber weapons.
- Figure 1 is a side view, with portions cut away, of a typical barrel and the associated attenuator assembly
- Figure 2 is a similar view, but showing the firing action
- Figure 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1 , with supporting structure indicated in broken line;
- Figure 4 is a sectional view of the attenuator similar to a portion of Figure 1 , showing an alternative floating piston configuration
- Figure 5 is a side view, with portions cut away, showing the mechanism adapted to a .50 caliber, or similar type gun;
- Figure 6 is a front view of the structure of Figure 5;
- Figure 7 is a side view showing the attenuator in an above barrel configuration
- Figure 8 is a side view, with portions cut away, of a prior art recoil reaction system
- Figure 9 is a diagram of the forces involved in the firing action
- Figure 10 illustrates diagramatically the forces defined in the equations
- Figure 1 1 is a view similar to Figure 1 , showing an alternative structure for connecting the reaction cylinder and the attenuator cylinder;
- Figures 12A-12D illustrate diagrammatically the individual elements defined in the related equations; and Figure 13 is a graph of the damping effects.
- the structure shown in Figures 1 -4 is configured particularly for an artillery piece of a variety of calibers.
- the structure includes a barrel 10 attached to a breech 12, which may be of any conventional type.
- a projectile 14 is shown loaded in the breech 12 with the tip protruding just into the barrel.
- the side wall of the barrel has a gas port 16 which connects with a passage 18 in a support block 20.
- the support block 20 is secured to and extends downwardly from the barrel 10.
- At the lower end of the support block is a rearwardly projecting hollow piston rod 22 which can be retained by a screw 24, or the like.
- the piston rod 22 has an inlet port 26 aligned with the passage 18 and has a rotation preventing key 28 to maintain alignment of the port and passage.
- piston 30 On the rear end of piston rod 22 is a piston 30 through which the hollow piston rod projects.
- the piston is enclosed in a reaction cylinder 32 having a closed rear end 34.
- reaction cylinder 32 In the rest position the piston is at the rear end of the cylinder, as in Figure 1.
- the piston In the fired position of Figure 2, the piston is at the forward end of the cylinder, the cylinder wall having vent ports 36, which are now behind the piston to exhaust the combustion gases.
- Fixed to the forward ends of frame rails 38 is an attenuator cylinder 40 coaxial with reaction cylinder 32.
- the forward end 42 of cylinder 40 is closed and the rear end 44 supports a piston rod 46 connected to a piston 48 sliding in the attenuator cylinder.
- An O-ring 50 in the end 44 provides a fluid seal around the piston rod.
- the rear end 52 of piston rod 46 is secured to a load carrying cross pin 54, which is secured at both ends in a trunnion block 56 attached to the barrel.
- the trunnion block is indicated in broken line since the structure can vary considerably.
- Frame rails 38 have longitudinal slots 58 through which the cross pin 54 passes, so that the frame rails slide on the cross pin.
- the mounting of the barrel on the gun carriage can also vary considerably, so a typical arrangement is shown in broken line in Figure 3, in which the trunnion block 56 has longitudinal rails 60 which slide in suitable tracks in the gun carriage 62.
- the barrel and breech assembly is thus slidable on the gun carriage and the attenuator mechanism is independently slidable relative to the barrel.
- the barrel has a forward stop 64 which seats against a battery stop 66 fixed at a suitable position on the gun frame 68 to hold the mechanism in the battery.
- the system is at rest, as in Figure 1.
- the gun When the gun is fired the projectile is accelerated forward in the barrel by the combustion gases.
- the projectile As the projectile passes the gas port 16, as in Figure 2, a portion of the gas exits through the port 16 and passage 18, through the hollow piston rod 22 into the rear chamber 35 of reaction cylinder 32.
- This drives the reaction cylinder rearward and, through the coupling to the attenuator cylinder 40, pulls that cylinder to the rear.
- the gases escape through the vent ports 36.
- Springs or other such means can be used to return the gun to battery after firing.
- the hard propellant gases at their peak pressure cause the maximum reaction before the kinetic energy forces build up as the projectile progresses through the barrel.
- the recoil is held to a very short stroke and the peak recoil is rapidly dissipated.
- the energy absorbed by the attenuator is dissipated as the attenuator cylinder recovers and the gun returns to battery.
- FIG. 4 An alternative attenuator cylinder is illustrated in Figure 4, in which the structure is the same as that described, except that a free-floating piston 72 with an O-ring 74 is installed in the cylinder. This divides the cylinder into two chambers 76 and 78, with oil or other liquid in the rear chamber 76 and cushioning air or other gas in the front chamber 78.
- the system thus far described is a push-pull configuration, with the reaction and attenuator elements on opposite sides of the connection to the barrel. However, both elements can be on the same side of the barrel connection in a push-push relation, as in Figures 5 and 6.
- the system is shown adapted to a large caliber rifle 80, such as a .50 caliber sniper rifle.
- the barrel 82 with breech 84 is secured in a trunnion block 86 which slide on rails 88 on a supporting frame 90, shown in broken line.
- a support block 92 is secured on the barrel 82, with a passage 94 communicating from the barrel gas port 96 to a rearwardly extending hollow piston rod 98.
- the piston rod 98 carries a piston 100 which is contained in a reaction cylinder 102.
- the reaction cylinder has gas vent ports 104 near the forward end to vent the gases at the end of the firing stroke.
- the reaction cylinder is coupled by a hinged connection 106 to an attenuator cylinder 108 containing a piston 1 10.
- a piston rod 1 12 extends from piston 1 10 to a pivotal attachment 1 14 on the frame or butt structure of the gun.
- the pivotal connections show alignment of the elements within the conventional configuration of the hand-held weapon.
- the action is similar to that previously described, with the propellant gases driving the reaction cylinder 102 to the rear, which action is attenuated in the attenuator cylinder 108. This allows a considerable reduction in weight of the weapon, which can be an advantage to a sniper who has to carry and set up the weapon.
- FIG. 7 A further configuration is illustrated in Figure 7, in which an attenuator system 120 is mounted on top of a rifle type weapon 122. This is particularly convenient when the rifle has a large capacity magazine 124 on the underside.
- the barrel 130 has a vent 132 near the muzzle end 134. Gases from the barrel are fed to a recoil cylinder 136 to drive a piston 137 rearwardly into a cushion chamber 138 as indicated in broken line.
- the bullet 140 has almost left the barrel and most of the recoil force has already occurred before any reaction takes place. Thus the compensation for recoil is negligible.
- the effectiveness of the present system can be calculated by the following equations, in which: m G mass of gun minus mass of plunger m p
- mass of plunger m b mass of bullet x G displacement of gun x p i displacement of plunger x b displacement of bullet dx G /dt velocity of gun dx p ,/dt v p
- Phase II Time at end of phase II The action occurs in two phases.
- Phase I is the time interval during which the bullet is travelling from its initial position to the point at which the gases begin to flow into the recoil device, i.e., O ⁇ t ⁇ t*.
- Phase II is the time interval during which the recoil device is active. This is the time interval from t* to T, where T is the time when the plunger (piston) of the recoil device reaches the position where the gas is vented to the outside, as in Fig. 2. It should be noted that the term plunger is used to denote the piston, for clarity in the equation terminology. The time T must be determined from the equations of motion:
- Fig. 10 The basic forces in the firing action are shown in Fig. 10. During this phase, the bullet, plunger and the rest of the weapon are considered as separate masses for the following analysis which is applicable to a typical .50 caliber rifle as an example.
- T can be determined as approximately 1.2 millisec.
- T can be determined as approximately 2.2 millisec.
- m G (dx G /dt - dx G0 /dt) c pl (P avg A pl )/(a 2 m pl )[exp(a(t-t * ))-a(t-t )]
- This vector can be reduced to zero or neutral recoil by adjusting parameters of the system such as gas port location and diameter, piston diameter or cylinder stroke distance.
- FIG. 1 1 A further configuration shown in in Fig. 1 1 is similar in many features to the structure of Fig. 1 , but the attenuator arrangement is changed and the frame rails do not slide on a cross pin.
- an externally threaded hub 150 to which an attenuator cylinder 152 is secured in coaxial alignment by a threaded collar 154.
- An inner cylinder 156 is slidably mounted through hub 150 and into cylinder 152, the inner cylinder having a closed rear end 158 and an open forward end 160.
- the forward end 162 of cylinder 152 is closed and extending rearwardly from the closed end is a piston rod 1 64 on the rear end of which is a piston 166, which is slidable inside the inner cylinder 156.
- a floating piston 168 which divides the inner cylinder into an air chamber 170 and a fluid filled chamber 172.
- the configuration and function are similar to that described for Fig. 4.
- Piston rod 22 has an integral forwardly extending push rod 174, which bears against the closed rear end of inner cylinder 156.
- the push rod 174 is secured in the support block 20 by a locking screw 176.
- the attenuating effect is calculated by the following equations, in which: mass of barrel m 2 mass of stock m 3 mass of plunger x displacement of barrel y displacement of stock z displacement of plunger dx/dt velocity of barrel dy/dt velocity of stock dz/dt velocity of plunger x acceleration of barrel y acceleration of stock z acceleration of plunger c linear damping coefficient shock absorber ki spring constant for shock absorber k 2 spring constant for barrel support
- the main parameters effecting the results are 1 ) the area ration of the plunger, namely, A p ,/A b , and 2) the value of the damping coefficient c.
- a standard central difference algorithm is to be used to carry out the integration. The results are shown in Fig. 13.
- the recoil attenuator system is adaptable to a variety of gun types, the associated support and mounting structure can vary widely. It should be understood that the position and size of the gas ports can be tuned to suit a particular gun. In guns which use recoil or gas action to automatically load a successive round, it will be necessary to allow for this in controlling the degree of attenuation. It should be noted that if ports 36 are omitted, the trapped gases will return to flush the bore as the attenuator assembly returns to the starting position. Either mode can be used at the discretion of the designer.
- the system eliminates the need for a muzzle brake, which usually causes a high blast effect and much discomfort and distraction for the firing crew.
- this design allows for the installation of an effective flash suppressor, which reduces detection when firing.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/011624 WO2002084200A1 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Recoil attenuator |
EP01923246A EP1379829A1 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Recoil attenuator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/011624 WO2002084200A1 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Recoil attenuator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002084200A1 true WO2002084200A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
Family
ID=21742487
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/011624 WO2002084200A1 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Recoil attenuator |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1379829A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002084200A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1811261A1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-07-25 | Oerlikon Contraves Ag | Gas spring for a revolver or breech cannon |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE162935C (en) * | ||||
GB418497A (en) * | 1934-04-24 | 1934-10-25 | Charles Edmund Parr | Improvements in means for reducing the recoil in guns |
US2679192A (en) * | 1949-03-23 | 1954-05-25 | Frank H Seeley | Recoil reducing device for firearms |
US3018694A (en) * | 1959-05-07 | 1962-01-30 | Browning Ind Inc | Recoil absorbing mechanism for firearms |
-
2001
- 2001-04-10 WO PCT/US2001/011624 patent/WO2002084200A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-10 EP EP01923246A patent/EP1379829A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE162935C (en) * | ||||
GB418497A (en) * | 1934-04-24 | 1934-10-25 | Charles Edmund Parr | Improvements in means for reducing the recoil in guns |
US2679192A (en) * | 1949-03-23 | 1954-05-25 | Frank H Seeley | Recoil reducing device for firearms |
US3018694A (en) * | 1959-05-07 | 1962-01-30 | Browning Ind Inc | Recoil absorbing mechanism for firearms |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1811261A1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-07-25 | Oerlikon Contraves Ag | Gas spring for a revolver or breech cannon |
US7938054B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2011-05-10 | Rheinmetall Air Defence Ag | Gas spring for a revolver cannon or breech cannon |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1379829A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
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