WO2002062423A1 - Composition and antiviral activity of substituted azaindoleoxoacetic piperazine derivatives - Google Patents

Composition and antiviral activity of substituted azaindoleoxoacetic piperazine derivatives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002062423A1
WO2002062423A1 PCT/US2002/000455 US0200455W WO02062423A1 WO 2002062423 A1 WO2002062423 A1 WO 2002062423A1 US 0200455 W US0200455 W US 0200455W WO 02062423 A1 WO02062423 A1 WO 02062423A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
group
alkyl
heteroaryl
same
cycloalkyl
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Application number
PCT/US2002/000455
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French (fr)
Inventor
Tao Wang
Zhongxing Zhang
Nicholas A. Meanwell
John F. Kadow
Zhiwei Yin
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Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
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Priority to BRPI0206636-0 priority Critical patent/BRPI0206636B8/en
Priority to SI200231001T priority patent/SI1363705T1/en
Priority to SK959-2003A priority patent/SK287900B6/en
Priority to IL15702902A priority patent/IL157029A0/en
Priority to KR10-2003-7010208A priority patent/KR20030079979A/en
Priority to CA2437524A priority patent/CA2437524C/en
Priority to MXPA03006939A priority patent/MXPA03006939A/en
Priority to NZ527193A priority patent/NZ527193A/en
Priority to JP2002562428A priority patent/JP4328527B2/en
Priority to YU60903A priority patent/RS52489B/en
Priority to HU0304062A priority patent/HU229305B1/en
Priority to DK02707413.7T priority patent/DK1363705T3/en
Application filed by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company filed Critical Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
Priority to CNB028078268A priority patent/CN100384423C/en
Priority to PL02364279A priority patent/PL364279A1/en
Priority to ES02707413T priority patent/ES2387981T3/en
Priority to EP02707413A priority patent/EP1363705B9/en
Priority to EEP200300359A priority patent/EE05424B1/en
Publication of WO2002062423A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002062423A1/en
Priority to IL157029A priority patent/IL157029A/en
Priority to BG108021A priority patent/BG66359B1/en
Priority to ZA2003/05885A priority patent/ZA200305885B/en
Priority to IS6899A priority patent/IS2912B/en
Priority to NO20033436A priority patent/NO326510B1/en
Priority to HR20030694A priority patent/HRP20030694A2/en
Priority to HK03109083.6A priority patent/HK1056698A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • A61K31/501—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/53—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with three nitrogens as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. chlorazanil, melamine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants

Definitions

  • This invention provides compounds having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and method of use.
  • the invention is concerned with azaindole piperazine diamide derivatives that possess unique antiviral activity. More particularly, the present invention relates to compounds useful for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.
  • HIV-1 human immunodeficiency virus -1 infection
  • HIV-1 human immunodeficiency virus -1 infection
  • HIV and AIDS abbreviations: 5.6 million new infections were reported, and 2.6 million people died from AIDS.
  • RT nucleoside reverse transcriptase
  • nevirapine didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, zalcitabine and abacavir
  • non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz
  • peptidomimetic protease inhibitors saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfmavir, amprenavir and lopinavir.
  • NNRTIs Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  • NNRTIs the major drawback to the development and application of NNRTIs is the propensity for rapid emergence of drug resistant strains, both in tissue cell culture and in treated individuals, particularly those subject to monotherapy. As a consequence, there is considerable interest in the identification of NNRTIs less prone to the development of resistance (Pedersen & Pedersen, Ref 15).
  • indole derivatives including indole-3-sulfones, piperazino indoles, pyrazino indoles, and 5H-indolo[3,2-b][l,5]benzothiazepine derivatives have been reported as HIN-1 reverse transciptase inhibitors (Greenlee et al, Ref. 1; Williams et al, Ref. 2; Romero et al, Ref. 3; Font et al, Ref. 17; Romero et al, Ref. 18; Young et al, Ref. 19; Genin et al, Ref. 20; Silvestri et al, Ref. 21).
  • Indole 2-carboxamides have also been described as inhibitors of cell adhesion and HIN infection (Boschelli et al, US 5,424,329, Ref. 4). Finally, 3-substituted indole natural products (Semicochliodinol A and B, didemethylasterriquinone and isocochliodinol) were disclosed as inhibitors of HIN-1 protease (Fredenhagen et al, Ref. 22). Other indole derivatives exhibiting antiviral activity useful for treating HIV are disclosed in PCT WO 00/76521 (Ref. 93). Also, indole derivatives are disclosed in PCT WO 00/71535 (Ref. 94).
  • Bis(heteroaryl)piperazine (BHAP) reverse transcriptase inhibitors structure-activity relationships of novel substituted indole analogues and the identification of l-[(5- methanesulfonamido- 1 H-indol-2-yl)-carbonyl] -4- [3 - [ 1 -methy lethy l)amino] - pyridinyl]piperazine momomethansulfonate (U-90152S), a second generation clinical candidate.
  • BHAP Bis(heteroaryl)piperazine
  • the present invention comprises compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are effective antiviral agents, particularly as inhibitors of HIV.
  • a first embodiment of a first aspect ofthe invention are compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
  • Q is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, COOR 8 , XR 57 , C(O)R 57 , C(O)NR 55 R 56 , B, D, and E with the proviso that at least one of R'-R 4 is selected from B or E;
  • n 1 or 2;
  • R 5 is hydrogen or (CH 2 ) n R 44 wherein n is 0-6;
  • R 6 is O or does not exist
  • - - may represent a carbon-carbon bond
  • A is selected from the group consisting of C-alkoxy, aryl and heteroaryl; in which said aryl is phenyl or napthyl; said heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoimidazolyl and benzothiazolyl; and said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or two ofthe same or different amino, nitro, cyano, C-alkoxy, -C(O)NH 2 , C-alkyl, -NHC(O)CH 3 , halogen or trifluoromethyl; -W- is
  • q O, 1, or 2;
  • D is selected from the group consisting of (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 - 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2.6 )alkynyl, wherein said (C-alkyl, (C 3 _ 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, and (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to three same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • E is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 - 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, wherein said (C 1 . 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, and (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl are substituted with B;
  • F is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C 1 . 6 )alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, (Cj. 6 )thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR 42 C(O)-(C 1 .
  • G is selected from the group consisting of (C 1 . 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C-alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, (C 1 . 6 )thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR 48 C(O)-(C,.
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to three same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3.7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C ⁇ _ 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl,
  • (C 3.7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2.6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, or (C]. 6 )alkyl wherein each of said(C,. 6 )alkyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens;
  • X is selected from the group consisting of NR 5 , O, and S;
  • R 40 andR 41 are independently selected from the group consisting of Hydrogen; or (C]. 6 )alkyl or (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; or (C 1 .
  • R 40 andR 41 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 5 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O) m > wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R 40 andR 41 may be hydrogen.
  • R 42 and 43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C 1 . 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 5 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R 42 andR 43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 5 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O) m > wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C-alkyl, (C,.
  • R 44 is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 50 a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted with R 50 , which may contain 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO 2 , N, and NR 52 , wherein R 52 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C M )alkyl, (C 2 . 4 )alkenyl and (C 2 . 4 )alkynyl;
  • T is S or O
  • Ar is phenyl or heteroaryl; wherein said phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three ofthe same or different halogens, C,_ 6 alkoxy, C 6 alkyl or amino;
  • R., and R b are each independently H, (C,. 6 )alkyl or phenyl;
  • R 46 is selected from the group consisting of H, OR 8 , and NR 40 R 41 ;
  • R 47 is selected from the group consisting of H, amino, halogen, and (C,_ 6 )alkyl;
  • R 48 andR 49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 1 . 6 )alkyl, (C 1 . 6 )alkoxy, (C 3.7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2.6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R 48 and R 49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 5 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O) m .
  • R 50 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C-alkyl, (C 3 - 6 )cycloalkyl, and benzyl, each of said alkyl, cycloalkyl and benzyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO 2 ;
  • R 51 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 6 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl or C(O)R 53 , wherein R 53 is H, (C-alkyl, or (C 3.6 )cycloalkyl and each of said (C,. 6 )alkyl and (C 3 . 6 )cycloalkyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or
  • R 54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 1 . 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C j . 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl,
  • (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, CN and NO 2 ;
  • R 54' is selected from the group consisting of (C,. 6 )alkyl
  • alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, CN and NO 2 ;
  • R 55 and R 56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2.6 )alkynyl; and
  • R 57 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2.6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl.
  • R 1 is hydrogen
  • R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from the group (a)-(k) consisting of:
  • heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, benzooxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, 1 H-imidazo [4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl, 1 H-imidazo [4,5-c]pyridin-2-y 1, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazinyl, triazinyl and triazolyl, and said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with Cj.
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, COOR 8 , XR 57 , C(O)R 57 , C(O)NR 55 R 56 , B, D, and E with the proviso that when at least one of R 2 or R 3 is not either heteroaryl or substituted phenyl than R 4 is selected from B or E;
  • n 2;
  • R 5 is hydrogen
  • R 6 does not exist
  • A is selected from the group consisting of C-alkoxy, aryl and heteroaryl; in which said aryl is phenyl or said heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoimidazolyl and benzothiazolyl; and said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or two ofthe same or different amino,cyano, C-alkoxy, C-alkyl, -NHC(O)CH 3 , halogen or trifluoromethyl;
  • q O, 1, or 2;
  • D is selected from the group consisting of (Chalky 1, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 - 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, wherein said (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, and (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl are optionally substituted with one to nine same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • E is selected from the group consisting of (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 - 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, wherein said (C 1 . 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2.6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, and (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl are substituted with B;
  • F is selected from the group consisting of (C j . 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C 1 . 6 )alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR 42 C(O)-(C,.
  • G is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C ⁇ . 6 )alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, ( . thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR 48 C(O)-(C 1 .
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 _ 6 )alkenyl, (C 3.7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C-alkyl, (C 3.7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl,
  • (C 3.7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2.6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 and R 20 are each independently selected from hydrogen or C-alkyl being optionally substituted with one to three fluorines;
  • R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C ⁇ alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3.7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, wherein each of said (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C 3 .
  • X is selected from the group consisting of NR 5 , O, and S;
  • R 40 and R 41 are independently selected from the group consisting of Hydrogen; or (C-alkyl or (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; or (C-alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R 40 andR 41 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 2 additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O) m > wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R 40 and R 41 may be hydrogen.
  • R 42 andR 43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 1.6 )alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R 42 and R 43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O) m . wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C ⁇ 6 )alkyl, (C 1 . 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 .
  • alkenyl, (C 3.7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
  • R 44 is selected from the group consisting of -H
  • R a and R b are each independently H, (C ⁇ 6 )alkyl or phenyl;
  • R 46 is selected from the group consisting of H, OR 8 , and NR 40 R 41 ;
  • R 47 is selected from the group consisting of H, amino, halogen, and (C ] . 6 )alkyl;
  • R 48 andR 49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 1 . 6 )alkyl, (C 1 . 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, allyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R 48 andR 49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O) m . wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2;
  • R 50 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C]. 6 )alkyl, (C 3 - 6 )cycloalkyl, and benzyl, each of said alkyl, cycloalkyl and benzyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO 2 ;
  • R 51 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 6 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 6 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl or C(O)R 53 , wherein R 53 is H, (C-alkyl, or (C 3 . 6 )cycloalkyl and each of said (C-alkyl and (C 3 . 6 )cycloalkyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO 2 ;
  • R 54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl,
  • R 54' is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, allyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C 1 . 5 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR 55 R 56 ;
  • R 55 and R 56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, allyl, or (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl;
  • R 57 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl.
  • A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and heteroaryl in which said heteroaryl is selected from pyridinyl, furanyl and thienyl, and said phenyl or said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to two ofthe same or different amino, C-alkyl, or halogen;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R", R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each hydrogen;
  • R 15 and R 16 are each independently hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that only one is methyl.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and methoxy
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 2 is halogen or hydrogen and R 3 is hydrogen;
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of B or E
  • B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR 40 R 41 , substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, and C(O)R 7 wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted and phenyl is substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • E is selected from the group consisting of (C 2 )alkenyl, or (C 2 )alkynyl, wherein (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl or (C 2 )alkynyl are substituted with B;
  • F is selected from the group consisting of (C j . 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 6 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C,. 6 )alkoxy, cyano, halogen, carbonyl, benzyl, -NR 4 C(O)-(C,. 6 )alkyl, -NR 2 C(O)-(C 3 .
  • G is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C-alkoxy, (C ⁇ thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, -NR 48 C(O)-(C 1 . 6 )alkyl, -NR 48 C(O)-(C 3 .
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, and (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, wherein (C-alkyl, and (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • R 40 andR 41 are independently selected from the group consisting of
  • m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R 40 andR 41 may be hydrogen.
  • R 42 andR 43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 1 . 6 )alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R 42 and
  • R 43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O) m , wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C,. 6 )alkoxy,
  • (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkenyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
  • R is selected from the group consisting of -H
  • R 48 andR 49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C 1 . 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R 48 and R 49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O) m . wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2;
  • R 54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C-alkyl,
  • (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR 55 R 56 ;
  • R 54' is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR 55 R 56 ;
  • R 55 and R 56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C ⁇ 6 )alkyl, or (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of B;
  • B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR 40 R 41 , substituted phenyl, or heteroaryl, wherein said phenyl is substituted and heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • F is selected from the group consisting of (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 6 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, cyano, halogen, carbonyl, benzyl, -NR 42 C(O)-(C, .6 )alkyl, -NR 42 C(O)-(C 3.6 )cycloalkyl, -NR 42 C(O)-aryl, -NR C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR 42 C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR 42 S(O) 2 -(C 1 .
  • R 40 is Hydrogen
  • R 41 is (C-alkoxy, heteroaryl, or aryl, wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;.
  • R 42 andR 43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,. 6 )alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R 42 and R 43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O) m > wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (Cj. 6 )alkyl, (C ⁇ . 6 )alkoxy, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 2 . 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 .
  • R 48 andR 49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,. 6 )alkyl or R 48 andR 49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, or O;
  • R 4 is B; A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl;
  • B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR 40 R 41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl and B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR 40 R 41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group;
  • B is heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F claimed;
  • Preferred groups for B when B is heteroaryl are selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • B is heteroaryl
  • said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (C r C 6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C r Q alkyl), -NHS(O) 2 -(C r C 6 alkyl), methoxy, - C(O)-NH 2 , C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC ( - alkyl), -N(C r C 6 alkyl) 2 , -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido; among the most prefered B is thienyl and when B is thienyl most preferred is when the thienyl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (C r C 6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C,-C 6 alkyl), amino,
  • B when B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR 40 R 41 a B of -C(O)NH- heteroaryl is preferred wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (C r C 6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C r C 6 alkyl), -methoxy, -NHC(C,-C 6 alkyl), or -N(C,-C 6 alkyl) 2 ;
  • a third group of preferred compounds of Formula I are, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein,
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and methoxy
  • R 4 is B
  • B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR 40 R 41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • Preferred groups for B when B is heteroaryl are selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • B is heteroaryl
  • said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (C,-C 6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C r C 6 alkyl), -NHS(O) 2 -(C r C 6 alkyl), methoxy, - C(O)-NH 2 , C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC (C r C 6 alkyl), -N(Cj-C 6 alkyl) 2 , -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido; among the most preferred B is thienyl, pyrazole, or a six membered heteroaryl containing two ring nitrogens.
  • B when B is one of these most preferred groups it is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group ( - alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C,-C 6 alkyl), -NHS(O) 2 -(C r C 6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH 2 , C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(C r C 6 alkyl), -N (C r C 6 alkyl) 2 , -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido; and even more preferred is when said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (C r C 6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C r C 6 alkyl), -NHS(O) 2 -(C,-C 6 alkyl), methoxy
  • Another embodiment of a preferred aspect ofthe invention are compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
  • A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and heteroaryl in which said heteroaryl is selected from pyridinyl, furanyl and thienyl, and said phenyl or said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to two ofthe same or different amino, C,. 6 alkyl, or halogen;
  • R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , and R 14 are each hydrogen
  • R 15 and R 16 are each independently hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that only one is methyl.
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and methoxy
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 2 is halogen or hydrogen and R 3 is hydrogen;
  • R 4 is B
  • F is selected from the group consisting of (C j . 6 )alkyl, hydroxy, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, methoxy, methylthioalkoxy, halogen, carbonyl, C(O)NR 42 R 43 , -NR 42 C(O)-(C ! . 6 )alkyl, -NR 42 C(O)-(C 3 . 6 )cycloalkyl, -NR 42 C(O)-aryl, -NR 42 C(O)- heteroaryl, -NR 42 C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR 42 S(O) 2 -(C 1 .
  • G is selected from the group consisting of (C 1 . 6 )alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C-alkoxy, (Cj. 6 )thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, -NR 48 C(O)-(C 1 . 6 )alkyl, - NR 48 C(O)-(C 3 .
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, and (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, wherein (C-alkyl, and (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • R 40 andR 41 are independently selected from the group consisting of
  • m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R 40 andR 41 may be hydrogen.
  • R 42 andR 43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen
  • (C 2 . 6 )alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
  • R 44 is selected from the group consisting of -H
  • R 48 and R 49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkoxy, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R 48 and R 49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O) m . wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2;
  • R 54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C 3.7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (Cj. 6 )alkyl,
  • (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR 55 R 56 ;
  • R 54' is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C-alkyl, (C 3 .
  • R 55 and R 56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C ⁇ 6 )alkyl, or (C 3 . 7 )cycloalkyl
  • a fourth group of preferred compounds is those wherein:
  • R 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or methoxy
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • R 4 is B
  • B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR 0 R 41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
  • a final preferred aspect ofthe invention are compounds depicted in Table 2 or Table 4 ofthe biology section.
  • a second embodiment ofthe third aspect ofthe present invention is a method for treating mammals infected with a virus, wherein said virus is HIV, comprising administering to said mammal an antiviral effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • a third embodiment ofthe third aspect ofthe present invention is a method for treating mammals infected with a virus, such as HIV, comprising administering to said mammal an antiviral effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an antiviral effective amount of an AIDS treatment agent selected from the group consisting of: (a) an AIDS antiviral agent; (b) an anti-infective agent; (c) an immunomodulator; and (d) HIV entry inhibitors.
  • a virus such as HIV
  • the present invention includes the individual diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric forms ofthe compounds of Formula I in addition to the mixtures thereof.
  • C alkyl as used herein and in the claims (unless specified otherwise) mean straight or branched chain alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, amyl, hexyl and the like.
  • Halogen refers to chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine.
  • aryl group refers to an all carbon monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic (i.e., rings which share adjacent pairs of carbon atoms) groups having a completely conjugated pi-electron system. Examples, without limitation, of aryl groups are phenyl, napthalenyl and anthracenyl. The aryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the substituted group(s) is preferably one or more selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, C-amido, N-amido, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalomethyl, ureido, amino and -NR x R y , wherein R x ndR y are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, carbonyl, C-carboxy, sulfonyl, trihalomethyl,
  • heteroaryl refers to a monocyclic or fused ring (i.e., rings which share an adjacent pair of atoms) group having in the ring(s) one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and, in addition, having a completely conjugated pi-electron system. It should be noted that the term heteroaryl is intended to encompass an N-oxide ofthe parent heteroaryl if such an N-oxide is chemically feasible as is known in the art.
  • heteroaryl groups are furyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, purinyl, carbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, pyrazinyl.
  • the substituted group(s) is preferably one or more selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, C- amido, N-amido, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalomethyl, ureido, amino, and -NR R y , wherein R x andR y are as defined above.
  • heteroalicyclic refers to a monocyclic or fused ring group having in the ring(s) one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • the rings may also have one or more double bonds. However, the rings do not have a completely conjugated pi-electron system.
  • heteroalicyclic groups are azetidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, imidazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidin-l-yl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and tetrahydropyranyl.
  • the substituted group(s) is preferably one or more selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N- thiocarbamyl, C-amido, C-thioamido, N-amido, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonyl, silyl, guanyl, guanidino,
  • alkyl group refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon including straight chain and branched chain groups.
  • the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (whenever a numerical range; e.g., "1-20", is stated herein, it means that the group, in this case the alkyl group may contain 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, etc. up to and including 20 carbon atoms). More preferably, it is a medium size alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Most preferably, it is a lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more individually selected from trihaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halo, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, C-thioamido, N-amido, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonyl, and combined, a five- or six- member
  • a "cycloalkyl” group refers to an all-carbon monocyclic or fused ring (i.e., rings which share and adjacent pair of carbon atoms) group wherein one or more rings does not have a completely conjugated pi-electron system.
  • examples, without limitation, of cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclopentene, cyclohexane, cyclohexadiene, cycloheptane, cycloheptatriene and adamantane.
  • a cycloalkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more individually selected from alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroarylloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halo, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N- carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, C-thioamido, N-amido, C- carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalo- methanesulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonyl, silyl, guanyl, guanidino, ureido
  • alkenyl refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, consisting of at least two carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
  • alkynyl refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, consisting of at least two carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
  • a "hydroxy” group refers to an -OH group.
  • alkoxy refers to both an -O-alkyl and an -O-cycloalkyl group as defined herein.
  • aryloxy refers to both an -O-aryl and an -O-heteroaryl group, as defined herein.
  • heteroaryloxy refers to a heteroaryl-O- group with heteroaryl as defined herein.
  • heteroalicycloxy refers to a heteroalicyclic-O- group with heteroalicyclic as defined herein.
  • a "thiohydroxy” group refers to an -SH group.
  • a “thioalkoxy” group refers to both an S-alkyl and an -S-cycloalkyl group, as defined herein.
  • a "thioaryloxy” group refers to both an -S-aryl and an -S-heteroaryl group, as defined herein.
  • a “thioheteroaryloxy” group refers to a heteroaryl-S- group with heteroaryl as defined herein.
  • a "thioheteroalicycloxy” group refers to a heteroalicyclic-S- group with heteroalicyclic as defined herein.
  • aldehyde refers to a carbonyl group where R" is hydrogen.
  • O-carboxy refers to a R"C(-O)O-group, with R" as defined herein.
  • a “carboxylic acid” group refers to a C-carboxy group in which R" is hydrogen.
  • a "trihalomethyl” group refers to a -CZ 3 , group wherein Z is a halogen group as defined herein.
  • amino refers to an -NH 2 group.
  • a "cyano" group refers to a -CN group.
  • a “silyl” group refers to a -Si(R") 3 , with R" as defined herein.
  • a “hydrazino” group refers to a -NR' y R y2 group with R x , R y and R y2 as defined herein.
  • Any two adjacent R groups may combine to form an additional aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring fused to the ring initially bearing those R groups.
  • Physiologically acceptable salts and prodrugs of compounds disclosed herein are within the scope of this invention.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt as used herein and in the claims is intended to include nontoxic base addition salts. Suitable salts include those derived from organic and inorganic acids such as, without limitation, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, sulfinic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sorbic acid, aconitic acid, salicylic acid, phthalic acid, and the like.
  • salts of acidic groups such as a carboxylate
  • suitable organic bases such as lower alkylamines (methylamine, ethylamine, cyclohexylamine, and the like) or with substituted lower alkylamines (e.g. hydroxyl-substituted alkylamines such as diethanolamine, triethanolamine or tris(hydroxymethy ⁇ ) ⁇ aminomethane), or with bases such as piperidine or morpholine.
  • the term "antiviral effective amount” means the total amount of each active component ofthe method that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient benefit, i.e., healing of acute conditions characterized by inhibition ofthe HIV infection.
  • a meaningful patient benefit i.e., healing of acute conditions characterized by inhibition ofthe HIV infection.
  • the term refers to that ingredient alone.
  • the term refers to combined amounts ofthe active ingredients that result in the therapeutic effect, whether administered in combination, serially or simultaneously.
  • the terms "treat, treating, treatment” as used herein and in the claims means preventing or ameliorating diseases associated with HIV infection.
  • the present invention is also directed to combinations ofthe compounds with one or more agents useful in the treatment of AIDS.
  • the compounds of this invention may be effectively administered, whether at periods of pre-exposure and/or post-exposure, in combination with effective amounts ofthe AIDS antivirals, immunomodulators, antiinfectives, or vaccines, such as those in the following table.
  • Abacavir (1592U89) Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, GW 1592 AIDS, ARC (RT inhibitor)
  • Cidofovir Gilead Science CMV retinitis, herpes, papillomavirus
  • Efavirenz DuPont Merck HIV infection (DMP 266) AIDS, ARC (-)6-Chloro-4-(S)- (non-nucleoside RT cyclopropylethynyl- inhibitor) 4(S)-trifluoro- methyl-1 ,4-dihydro- 2H-3 , 1 -benzoxazin- 2-one, STOCRINE
  • HBY097 Hoechst Marion HIV infection, Roussel AIDS, ARC (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
  • Lamivudine 3TC Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (reverse transcriptase inhibitor); also with AZT
  • Tumor Necrosis Genentech ARC in combination Factor; TNF w/gamma Interferon ANTI- ⁇ NFECTIVES
  • Isethionate (IM & IN) (Rosemont, IL)
  • the compounds ofthe invention herein may be used in combination with another class of agents for treating AIDS which are called HIV entry inhibitors.
  • HIV entry inhibitors are discussed in DRUGS OF THE FUTURE 1999, 24(12), pp. 1355-1362; CELL, Vol. 9, pp. 243-246, Oct. 29, 1999; and DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY, Vol. 5, No. 5, May 2000, pp. 183-194.
  • Preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of with a compound ofthe present invention and an inhibitor of HIV protease and/or a non- nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase.
  • An optional fourth component in the combination is a nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase, such as AZT, 3TC, ddC or ddl.
  • a preferred inhibitor of HIV protease is indinavir, which is the sulfate salt of N-(2(R)-hydroxy- 1 -(S)-indanyl)-2(R)-phenylmethyl-4-(S)-hydroxy-5- (l-(4-(3-pyridyl-methyl)-2(S)-N'-(t-butylcarboxamido)-piperazinyl))-pentaneamide ethanolate, and is synthesized according to U.S. 5,413,999.
  • Indinavir is generally administered at a dosage of 800 mg three times a day.
  • Other preferred protease inhibitors are nelfinavir and ritonavir.
  • HIV protease is saquinavir which is administered in a dosage of 600 or 1200 mg tid.
  • Preferred non- nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase include efavirenz.
  • the preparation of ddC, ddl and AZT are also described in EPO 0,484,071. These combinations may have unexpected effects on limiting the spread and degree of infection of HIV.
  • Preferred combinations include those with the following (1) indinavir with efavirenz, and, optionally, AZT and/or 3TC and/or ddl and/or ddC; (2) indinavir, and any of AZT and/or ddl and/or ddC and/or 3TC, in particular, indinavir and AZT and 3TC; (3) stavudine and 3TC and/or zidovudine; (4) zidovudine and lamivudine and 141 W94 and 1592U89; (5) zidovudine and lamivudine.
  • the compound ofthe present invention and other active agents may be administered separately or in conjunction.
  • the administration of one element may be prior to, concurrent to, or subsequent to the administration of other agent(s).
  • TFA Trifluoroacetic Acid DCE 1 ,2-Dichloroethane
  • the present invention comprises compounds of Formula I, their pharmaceutical formulations, and their use in patients suffering from or susceptible to HIN infection.
  • the compounds of Formula I include pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • Step A in Scheme 1 depicts the synthesis of an aza indole intermediate, 2, via the well known Bartoli reaction in which vinyl magnesium bromide reacts with an aryl or heteroaryl nitro group, such as in 1, to form a five-membered nitrogen containing ring as shown.
  • Some references for the above transformation include: Bartoli et al. a) Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 2129. b) J Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1991, 2757. c) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II 1991, 657. d) Synthesis (1999), 1594.
  • a solution of vinyl Magnesium bromide in THF typically 1.OM but from 0.25 to 3.0M
  • Substituted azaindoles may be prepared by methods described in the literature or may be available from commercial sources. Thus there are many methods for carrying out step A in the literature and the specific examples are too numerous to even list.
  • Alternative syntheses of aza indoles and general methods for carrying out step A include, but are not limited to, those described in the following references (a-k below): a) Prokopov, A. A.; Yakhontov, L. 1 [. Khim. -Farm. Zh. 1994, 28(7), 30- 51; b) Lablache-Combier, A. Heteroaromatics. Photoinduced Electron Transfer 1988, Pt. C, 134-312; c) Saify, Zafar Said. Pak. J. Pharmacol.
  • Step B Intermediate 3 can be prepared by reaction of aza-indole, intermediate 2, with an excess of ClCOCOOMe in the presence of A1C1 3 (aluminum chloride) (Sycheva et al, Ref. 26, Sycheva, T.N.; Rubtsov, ⁇ .M.; Sheinker, Yu.N.; Yakhontov, L.N. Some reactions of 5-cyano-6-chloro-7-azaindoles and lactam- lactim tautomerism in 5-cyano-6-hydroxy-7-azaindolines. Khim. Geterotsikl.
  • Lewis acid catalysts such as tin tetrachloride, titanium IN chloride, and aluminum chloride are employed in Step B with aluminum chloride being most preferred.
  • the azaindole is treated with a Grignard reagent such as MeMgl (methyl magnesium iodide), methyl magnesium bromide or ethyl magnesium bromide and a zinc halide, such as ZnCl 2 (zinc chloride) or zinc bromide, followed by the addition of an oxalyl chloride mono ester, such as ClCOCOOMe (methyl chlorooxoacetate) or another ester as above, to afford the aza-indole glyoxyl ester (Shadrina et al, Ref.
  • Oxalic acid esters such as methyl oxalate, ethyl oxalate or as above are used.
  • Aprotic solvents such as CH 2 C1 2 , Et j O, benzene, toluene, DCE, or the like may be used alone or in combination for this sequence.
  • oxalyl chloride mono esters oxalyl chloride itself may be reacted with the azaindole and then further reacted with an appropriate amine, such as a piperazine derivative (See Scheme 52, for example).
  • Step C Hydrolysis ofthe methyl ester, (intermediate 3, Scheme 1) affords a potassium salt of intermediate 4, which is coupled with mono-benzoylated piperazine derivatives as shown in Step D of Scheme 1.
  • Some typical conditions employ methanolic or ethanolic sodium hydroxide followed by careful acidification with aqueous hydrochloric acid of varying molarity but IM HCI is preferred. The acidification is not utilized in many cases as described above for the preferred conditions.
  • Lithium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide could also be employed and varying amounts of water could be added to the alcohols.
  • Propanols or butanols could also be used as solvents. Elevated temperatures up to the boiling points ofthe solvents may be utilized if ambient temperatures do not suffice.
  • the hydrolysis may be carried out in a non polar solvent such as CH 2 C1 2 or THF in the presence of Triton B. Temperatures of -78 °C to the boiling point ofthe solvent may be employed but -10 °C is preferred.
  • a non polar solvent such as CH 2 C1 2 or THF
  • Triton B Triton B
  • Temperatures of -78 °C to the boiling point ofthe solvent may be employed but -10 °C is preferred.
  • Other conditions for ester hydrolysis are listed in reference 41 and both this reference and many ofthe conditions for ester hydrolysis are well known to chemists of average skill in the art.
  • ionic liquid 1 -alky 1-3 -alky limidazolium chloroaluminate is generally useful in promoting the Friedel-Crafts type acylation of indoles and azaindoles.
  • the ionic liquid is generated by mixing l-alkyl-3 -alky limidazolium chloride with aluminium chloride at room temperature with vigorous stirring. 1:2 or 1:3 molar ratio of l-alkyl-3 -alkylimidazolium chloride to aluminium chloride is preferred.
  • One particular useful imidazolium chloroaluminate for the acylation of azaindole with methyl or ethyl chlorooxoacetate is the l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate.
  • the reaction is typically performed at ambient temperature and the azaindoleglyoxyl ester can be isolated. More conveniently, we found that the glyoxyl ester can be hydrolyzed in situ at ambient temperature on prolonged reaction time (typically overnight) to give the corresponding glyoxyl acid for amide formation (Scheme 1).
  • a representative experimental procedure is as follows: l-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride (2 equiv.; purchased from TCI; weighted under a stream of nitrogen) was stirred in an oven-dried round bottom flask at r.t. under a nitrogen atmosphere, and added aluminium chloride (6 equiv.; anhydrous powder packaged under argon in ampules purchased from Aldrich preferred; weighted under a stream of nitrogen). The mixture was vigorously stirred to form a liquid, which was then added azaindole (1 equiv.) and stirred until a homogenous mixture resulted.
  • reaction mixture was added dropwise ethyl or methyl chlorooxoacetate (2 equiv.) and then stirred at r.t. for 16 h. After which time, the mixture was cooled in an ice-water bath and the reaction quenched by carefully adding excess water. The precipitates were filtered, washed with water and dried under high vacuum to give the azaindoleglyoxyl acid.
  • 3 equivalents of l-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride and chlorooxoacetate may be required.
  • DEPBT was prepared according to the procedure of Ref. 28, Li, ⁇ .; Jiang, X.; Ye, Y.- ⁇ .; Fan, C; Romoff, T.; Goodman, M. Organic Lett., 1999, 1, 91-93.
  • an inert solvent such as DMF or T ⁇ F is used but other aprotic solvents could be used.
  • the group W as referred to herein is
  • the amide bond construction reaction could be carried out using the preferred conditions described above, the EDC conditions described below, other coupling conditions described in this application, or alternatively by applying the conditions or coupling reagents for amide bond construction described later in this application for construction of substituents R R 4 . Some specific nonlimiting examples are given in this application.
  • the mono-substituted piperazine derivatives can be prepared according to well established procedures such as those described by Desai et al, Ref. 27(a), Adamczyk et al, Ref. 27(b), Rossen et al, Ref. 27(c), and Wang et al, 27(d).
  • Scheme 2 provides a more specific example ofthe transformations previously described in Scheme 1.
  • Intermediates 6-10 are prepared by the methodologies as described for intermediates la-5a in Scheme 1.
  • Scheme 2A is another embodiment of the transformations described in Schemes 1 and 2. Conversion of the phenol to the chloride (Step S, Scheme 2A) may be accomplished according to the procedures described in Reimann, E.; Wichmann, P.; Hoefner, G.; Sci. Pharm. 1996, 64(3), 637- 646; and Katritzky, A.R.; Rachwal, S.; Smith, T.P.; Steel, P.J.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1995, 32(3), 979-984.
  • Step T of Scheme 2A can be carried out as described for Step A of Scheme 1.
  • the bromo intermediate can then be converted into alkoxy, chloro, or fluoro intermediates as shown in Step U of Scheme 2A.
  • Scheme 2A describes the preferred method for preparing intermediate 6c or other closely related compounds containing a 4 methoxy group in the 6-azaindole system.
  • step U is the conversion ofthe bromide into alkoxy derivatives
  • the conversion may be carried out by reacting the bromide with an excess of sodium methoxide in methanol with cuprous salts, such as copper I bromide, copper I iodide, and copper I cyanide.
  • the temperature may be carried out at temperatures of between ambient and 175° but most likely will be around 115°C or 100°C.
  • the reaction may be run in a pressure vessel or sealed tube to prevent escape of volatiles such as methanol.
  • the preferred conditions utilize 3eq of sodium methoxide in methanol, CuBr as the reaction catalyst (0.2 to 3 equivalents with the preferred being 1 eq or less) , and a reaction temperature of 115° C.
  • the reaction is carried out in a sealed tube or sealed reaction vessel.
  • the conversion ofthe bromide into alkoxy derivatives may also be carried out according to procedures described in Palucki, M.; Wolfe, J.P.; Buchwald, S.L.; J. Am.
  • Scheme 2A may be accomplished according to Antipin, I.S.; Vigalok, A.I.;
  • Steps V, W and X of Scheme 2A are carried out according to the procedures previously described for Steps B, C, and D of Scheme 1, respectively.
  • the steps of Scheme 2A may be carried out in a different order as shown in Scheme 2B and Scheme 2C.
  • Scheme 3 shows the synthesis of 4-azaindole derivatives lb-5b, 5 -azaindole derivatives lc-5c, and 7-azaindole derivatives ld-5d.
  • the methods used to synthesize lb-5b, lc-5c, and ld-5d are the same methods described for the synthesis of la-5a as described in Scheme 1. It is understood, for the purposes of Scheme 3, that lb is used to synthesize 2b-5b, lc provides 2c-5c and Id provides 2d-5d.
  • the compounds where there is a single carbonyl between the azaindole and group W can be prepared by the method of Kelarev, V. I.; Gasanov, S. Sh.; Karakhanov, R.
  • An alternative method for carrying out the sequence outlined in steps B-D involves treating an azaindole, such as 11, obtained by procedures described in the literature or from commercial sources, with MeMgl and ZnCl 2 , followed by the addition of C1COCOC1 (oxalyl chloride) in either THF or Et 2 O to afford a mixture of a glyoxyl chloride azaindole, 12a, and an acyl chloride azaindole, 12b.
  • an azaindole such as 11, obtained by procedures described in the literature or from commercial sources
  • Scheme 6 depicts a general method for modifying the substituent A. Coupling of H-W-C(O)OtBu using the conditions described previously for W in
  • Step D provides Boc protected intermediate, 15.
  • Intermediate 15 is then deprotected by treatment with an acid such as TFA, hydrochloric acid or formic acid using standard solvents or additives such as CH 2 C1 2 , dioxane, or anisole and temperatures between -78 °C and 100 °C.
  • acids such as aq hydrochloric or perchloric may also be used for deprotection.
  • other nitrogen protecting groups on W such as Cbz or TROC, may be utilized and could be removed via hydrogenation or treatment with zinc respectively.
  • a stable silyl protecting group such as phenyl dimethylsilyl could also be employed as a nitrogen protecting group on W and can be removed with fluoride sources such as tetrabutylammomum fluoride.
  • the free amine is coupled to acid A-C(O)OH using standard amine- acid coupling conditions such as those used to attach group W or as shown below for amide formation on positions R r R 4 to provide compound 16.
  • a general strategy for providing further functionality of this invention is to position or install a halide such as bromo, chloro, or iodo, aldehyde, cyano, or a carboxy group on the azaindole and then to convert that functionality to the desired compounds.
  • a halide such as bromo, chloro, or iodo, aldehyde, cyano, or a carboxy group on the azaindole
  • conversion to substituted heteroaryl, aryl, and amide groups on the ring are of particular interest.
  • Nitration of azaindole N-oxides results in introduction of a nitro group to azaindole ring, as shown in Scheme 8 (eq. 7, Antonini et al, Ref. 34).
  • the nitro group can subsequently be displaced by a variety of nucleophilic agents, such as OR, ⁇ R ! R 2 or SR, in a well established chemical fashion (eq. 8, Regnouf De Nains et al, Ref. 35(a), Miura et al, Ref. 35(b), Profft et al, Ref. 35(c)).
  • ⁇ -oxides, 26, are readily reduced to the corresponding azaindole, 27, using phosphorus trichloride (PC1 3 ) (eq. 9, Antonini et al, Ref .34 and ⁇ esi et al, Ref. 36).
  • nitro-substituted N-oxide, 25, can be reduced to the azaindole, 28, using phosphorus trichloride (eq. 10).
  • the nitro group of compound 28 can be reduced to either a hydroxy lamine ( ⁇ HOH), as in 29, (eq. 11, Walser et al, Ref. 37(a) and Barker et al, Ref. 37(b)) or an amino ( ⁇ H 2 ) group, as in 30, (eq. 12, Nesi et al , Ref. 36 and Ayyangar et al, Ref. 38) by carefully selecting different reducing conditions.
  • ⁇ HOH hydroxy lamine
  • the alkylation of the nitrogen atom at position 1 of the azaindole derivatives can be achieved using NaH as the base, DMF as the solvent and an alkyl halide or sulfonate as alkylating agent, according to a procedure described in the literature (Mahadevan et al, Ref. 39) (Scheme 9).
  • each process can be applied repeatedly and combinations of these processes is permissible in order to provide azaindoles incorporating multiple substituents.
  • the application of such processes provides additional compounds of Formula I.
  • the reaction with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in an inert solvent or neat under conditions for forming Batcho-Leimgruber precursors provides the cyclization precursor, 33, as shown.
  • the pyridine may be oxidized to the N-oxide prior to the reaction using a peracid such as MCPBA or a more potent oxidant like meta- trifluoromethyl or meta nitro peroxy benzoic acids.
  • reduction ofthe nitro group using for example hydrogenation over Pd/C catalyst in a solvent such as MeOH, EtOH, or EtOAc provides the cyclized product, 34.
  • the reduction may be carried out using tin dichloride and HCI, hydrogenation over Raney nickel or other catalysts, or by using other methods for nitro reduction such as described elsewhere in this application.
  • the amino indole, 34 can now be converted to compounds of Formula I via, for example, diazotization of the amino group, and then conversion of the diazonium salt to the fluoride, chloride or alkoxy group. See the discussion of such conversions in the descriotions for Schemes 17 and 18.
  • the conversion of the amino moiety into desired functionality could then be followed by installation ofthe oxoacetopiperazine moiety by the standard methodology described above.
  • 5 or 7-substitution of the azaindole can arise from N-oxide formation at position 6 and subsequent conversion to the chloro via conditions such as POCl 3 in chloroform, acetic anhydride followed by POCl 3 in DMF, or alternatively TsCl in DMF.
  • Fe(OH) 2 in DMF with catalytic tetrabutylammonium bromide can also be utilized for the reduction ofthe nitro group.
  • the bromide may then be converted to fluoride via displacement with fluoride anions or to other substituents.
  • the compounds are then converted to compounds of Formula I as above.
  • Scheme 13 describes various transformations of intermediate 40 which ultimately provide compounds of Formula I.
  • the conversions of the phenol moiety to other functionality at position 4 may be carried out by the following methods: 1) conversion of a phenol to methoxy group with silver oxide and Mel or diazomethane; 2) conversion of a phenolic hydroxy group to chloro using cat ZnCl 2 , and N,N dimethylaniline in CH 2 C1 2 or PC1 5 and POCl 3 together; 3) conversion of a phenolic hydroxy group to fluoro using diethylarnine-SF 3 as in Org.Prep. Proc. Int. 1992, 24(1), 55-57.
  • the method described in EP 427603, 1991, using the chloroformate and HF will also be useful.
  • Other transformations are possible.
  • the phenol can be converted to a triflate by standard methods and used in coupling chemistries described later in this application.
  • N 2 O 5 in nitromethane followed by aqueous sodium bisulfite according to the method of Bakke, J. M.; Ranes, E.; Synthesis 1997, 3, 281- 283 could be utilized.
  • Nitric acid in acetic may also be employed as described in Kimura, H.; Yotsuya, S.; Yuki, S.; Sugi, H.; Shigehara, I.; Haga, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1995, 43(10), 1696-1700.
  • Sulfiiric acid followed by nitric acid may be employed as in Ruefenacht, K.; Kristinsson, H.; Mattern, G.; Helv Chim Acta 1976, 59, 1593. Coombes, R. G.; Russell, L. W.; J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans. 1 1974, 1751 describes the use of a Titatanium based reagent system for nitration. Other conditions for the nitration ofthe azaindole can be found in the following references: Lever, O.W.J.; Werblood, H. M.; Russell, R. K.; Synth. Comm. 1993, 23(9), 1315- 1320; Wozniak, M.; Van Der Plas, H. C; J. Heterocycl Chem. 1978, 15, 731.
  • LG Cl, Br, I, OTf, OPO(Oalkyl) 2
  • Step F substituted azaindoles containing a chloride, bromide, iodide, triflate, or phosphonate undergo coupling reactions with a boronate (Suzuki type reactions) or a stannane to provide substituted azaindoles.
  • a boronate Sudzuki type reactions
  • stannane a stannane to provide substituted azaindoles.
  • Stannanes and boronates are prepared via standard literature procedures or as described in the experimental section of this application.
  • the substitututed indoles may undergo metal mediated coupling to provide compounds of Formula I wherein R 4 is aryl, heteroaryl, or heteroalicyclic for example.
  • the bromoazaindole intermediates may undergo Stille-type coupling with heteroarylstannanes as shown in Scheme 15.
  • Conditions for this reaction are well known in the art and the following are three example references a) Farina, V.; Roth, G.P. Recent advances in the Stille reaction; Adv. Met.-Org. Chem. 1996, 5, 1- 53. b) Farina, V.; Krishnamurthy, V.; Scott, W.J. The Stille reaction ; Org. React. (N. Y.) 1997, 50, 1-652. and c) Stille, J. K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
  • Palladium catalyzed couplings of stannanes and boronates between chloro azaindole intermediates are also feasible and have been utilized extensively for this invention.
  • Preferred procedures for coupling of a chloro azaindole and a stannane employ dioxane, stoichiometric or an excess ofthe tin reagent (up to 5 equivalents), 0.1 to 1 eq of Palladium (0) tetrakis triphenyl phosphine in dioxane heated for 5 to 15 h at 110 to 120°.
  • Other solvents such as DMF, THF, toluene, or benzene could be employed.
  • the boronate or stannane may be formed on the azaindole via methods known in the art and the coupling performed in the reverse manner with aryl or heteroaryl based halogens or triflates.
  • boronate or stannane agents could be either purchased from commercial resources or prepared following disclosed documents. Additional examples for the preparation of tin reagents or boronate reagents are contained in the experimental section.
  • Novel stannane agents could be prepared from one ofthe following routes.
  • Aromatic ⁇ /Aromatic Base ⁇ romaticX /Aromatic/
  • Electrophile R'-halide, R'COCI, R'OCOCI, R'R"NCOCI, RS0 2 CI, R'NCO, R'NSO, R'NCNR"
  • Boronate reagents are prepeared as described in reference 71. Reaction of lithium or Grignard reagents with trialkyl borates generates boronates. Alternatively, Palladium catalyzed couplings of alkoxy diboron or alkyl diboron reagents with aryl or heteroaryl halides can provide boron reagents for use in Suzuki type couplings. Some example conditions for coupling a halide with (MeO)BB(OMe)2 utilize PdC12
  • a preferred aprotic solvent is THF.
  • the transmetallation is initiated at -78 °C.
  • the reaction may be allowed to warm to allow the transmetalation to go to completion depending on the reactivity ofthe bromide intermediate.
  • the reaction is then recooled to -78 °C and allowed to react with dimethylformamide. (allowing the reaction to warm may be required to enable complete reaction) to provide an aldehyde which is elaborated to compounds of Formula I.
  • Other methods for introduction of an aldehyde group to form intermediates of formula 43 include transition metal catalyzed carbonylation reactions of suitable bromo, trifluoromethane sulfonyl, or stannyl azaindoles.
  • aldehydes can be introduced by reacting indolyl anions or indolyl Grignard reagents with formaldehyde and then oxidizing with MnO 2 or TPAP/NMO or other suitable oxidants to provide intermediate 43.
  • This anion may be quenched with DMF, formaldehyde, or carbon dioxide to give the aldehyde, benzyl alcohol, or carboxylic acid respectively and the protecting group removed with aqueous t butoxide.
  • Similar tranformations can be achieved by converting indoles to indoline, lithiation at C-7 and then reoxidation to the indole such as described in the Iwao reference above.
  • the oxidation level of any of these products may be adjusted by methods well known in the art as the interconversion of alcohol, aldehyde, and acid groups has been well studied. It is also well understood that a cyano group can be readily converted to an aldehyde.
  • a reducing agent such as DIBALH in hexane such as used in Weyerstahl, P.; Schlicht, V.; Liebigs Ann/Reel. 1997, 1, 175-177 or alternatively catecholalane in THF such as used in Cha, J. S.; Chang, S. W.; Kwon, O. O.; Kim, J. M.; Synlett.
  • a protected alcohol, aldehyde, or acid group could be present in the starting azaindole and carried through the synthetic steps to a compound of Formula I in a protected form until they can be converted into the desired substituent at Rj through R 4 .
  • a benzyl alcohol can be protected as a benzyl ether or silyl ether or other alcohol protecting group; an aldehyde may be carried as an acetal, and an acid may be protected as an ester or ortho ester until deprotection is desired and carried out by literature methods.
  • Step G shows the reduction of a nitro group on 45 to the amino group of 46. Although shown on position 4 of the azaindole, the chemistry is applicable to other nitro isomers.
  • the procedure described in Ciurla, H.; Puszko, A.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1996, 10, 1366-1371 uses hydrazine Raney- Nickel for the reduction ofthe nitro group to the amine.
  • Robinson, R. P.; DonahueO, K. M.; Son, P. S.; Wagy, S. D.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 33(2), 287-293 describes the use of hydrogenation and Raney Nickel for the reduction of the nitro group to the amine.
  • Step 2 of Scheme 17 describes general methods for conversion of amino groups on azaindoles into other functionality.
  • Scheme 18 also depicts transformations of an amino azaindole into various intermediates and compounds of Formula I.
  • the amino group at any position of the azaindole, such as 46 may be converted to a hydroxy group using sodium nitrite, sulfiiric acid, and water via the method of Klemm, L. H.; Zell, R.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1968, 5, 773.
  • hydroxy group may be alkylated under standard or Mitsonobu conditions to form ethers.
  • the amino group may be converted directly into a methoxy group by diazotization (sodium nitrite and acid )and trapping with methanol.
  • the amino group of an azaindole, such as 46 can be converted to fluoro via the method of Sanchez using HPF 6 , NaNO 2 , and water by the method described in Sanchez, J. P.; Gogliotti, R. D.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1993, 30(4), 855-859.
  • Other methods useful for the conversion of the amino group to fluoro are described in Rocca, P.; Marsais, F.; Godard, A.; Queguiner, G.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34(18), 2937-2940 and Sanchez, J. P.; Rogowski, J.W.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1987, 24, 215.
  • the amino group of the azaindole, 46 can also be converted to a chloride via diazotization and chloride displacement as described in Ciurla, H.; Puszko, A.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1996, 10, 1366-1371 or the methods in Raveglia, L.F.; Giardina, G.A..; Grugni, M.; Rigolio, R.; Farina, C; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 557-559 or the methods in Matsumoto, J. I.; Miyamoto, T.; Minamida, A.; Mishimura, Y.; Egawa, H.; Mishimura, H.; J. Med. Chem. 1984, 27(3), 292; or as in Lee, T.C.; Salemnick, G.; J. Org. Chem. 1975, 24, 3608.
  • the amino group ofthe azaindole, 46 can also be converted to a bromide via diazotization and displacement by bromide as described in Raveglia, L.F.; Giardina, G.A..; Grugni, M.; Rigolio, R.; Farina, C; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 557- 559; Talik, T.; Talik, Z.; Ban-Oganowska, H.; Synthesis 1974, 293; and Abramovitch, R.A.; Saha, M.; Can. J. Chem. 1966, 44, 1765.
  • Steps 2 and 3 may be reversed as appropriate
  • Scheme 19 shows the preparation of a 7-chloro-4-azaindole, 50, which can be converted to compounds of Formula I by the chemistry previously described, especially the palladium catalyzed tin and boron based coupling methodology described above.
  • the chloro nitro indole, 49 is commercially available or can be prepared from 48 according to the method of Delarge, J.; Lapiere, C. L. Pharm. Acta Helv. 1975, 50(6), 188-91.
  • Scheme 20 shows another synthetic route to substituted 4-aza indoles.
  • the 3-aminopyrrole, 51 was reacted to provide the pyrrolopyridinone, 52, which was then reduced to give the hydroxy azaindole, 53.
  • the pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines described were prepared according to the method of Britten, A.Z.; Griffiths, G.W.G. Chem. Ind. (London) 1973, 6, 278.
  • the hydroxy azaindole, 53 can then be converted to the triflate then further reacted to provide compounds of Formula I.
  • the 7-functionalized 5-azaindole derivatives may be obtained by functionalization using the methodologies of T. Fukuda et.al. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 9151 and M. Iwao et. Al. Heterocycles 1992, 34(5), 1031 described above for the 4 or 6 azaindoles.
  • the 4 or 6 positions ofthe 5 aza indoles can be functionalized by using the azaindole N-oxide.
  • azaindole oxoacetyl or oxo piperidines with carboxylic acids can be carried out from nitrile, aldehyde, or anion precursors via hydrolysis, oxidation, or trapping with CO 2 respectively.
  • one method for forming the nitrile intermediate, 62 is by cyanide displacement of a halide in the aza-indole ring.
  • the cyanide reagent used can be sodium cyanide, or more preferably copper or zinc cyanide.
  • the reactions may be carried out in numerous solvents which are well known in the art. For example DMF is used in the case of copper cyanide.
  • the chloride or more preferably a bromide on the azaindole may be displaced by sodium cyanide in dioxane via the method described in Synlett. 1998, 3, 243-244.
  • Nickel dibromide, Zinc, and triphenyl phosphine in can be used to activate aromatic and heteroaryl chlorides to displacement via potassium cyanide in THF or other suitable solvent by the methods described in Eur. Pat. Appl., 831083, 1998.
  • step 2 The conversion ofthe cyano intermediate, 62, to the carboxylic acid intermediate, 63, is depicted in step 2, Scheme 22 or in step al2, Scheme 23.
  • Many methods for the conversion of nitriles to acids are well known in the art and may be employed.
  • Suitable conditions for step 2 of Scheme 22 or the conversion of intermediate 65 to intermediate 66 below employ potassium hydroxide, water , and an aqueous alcohol such as ethanol. Typically the reaction must be heated at refluxing temperatures for one to 100 h.
  • Other procedures for hydrolysis include those described in:
  • the acid intermediate, 66 (Scheme 23), may then be esterified using conditions well known in the art. For example, reaction ofthe acid with diazomethane in an inert solvent such as ether, dioxane, or THF would give the methyl ester.
  • Intermediate 67 may then be converted to intermediate 68 according to the procedure described in Scheme 2.
  • Intermediate 68 may then be hydrolyzed to provide intermediate 69.
  • step al3 another preparation of the indoleoxoacetylpiperazine 7-carboxylic acids, 69, is carried out by oxidation of the corresponding 7-carboxaldehyde, 70.
  • Numerous oxidants are suitable for the conversion of aldehyde to acid and many of these are described in standard organic chemistry texts such as: Larock, Richard C, Comprehensive organic transformations : a guide to functional group preparations 2 nd ed. New York : Wiley- VCH, 1999.
  • One preferred method is the use of silver nitrate or silver oxide in a solvent such as aqueous or anhydrous methanol at a temperature of ⁇ 25 °C or as high as reflux.
  • the reaction is typically carried out for one to 48 h and is typically monitored by TLC or LC/MS until complete conversion of product to starting material has occurred.
  • KmnO 4 or CrO 3 /H 2 SO 4 could be utilized.
  • Scheme 25 gives a specific example ofthe oxidation of an aldehyde intermediate, 70a, to provide the carboxylic acid intermediate, 69a.
  • intermediate 69 can be prepared by the nitrile method of synthesis carried out in an alternative order as shown in Scheme 26.
  • the nitrile hydrolyis step can be delayed and the nitrile carried through the synthesis to provide a nitrile which can be hydrolyzed to provide the free acid, 69, as above.
  • Step H The direct conversion of nitriles, such as 72, to amides, such as 73, shown in Scheme 27, Step H, can be carried out using the conditions as described in Shiotani, S.; Taniguchi, K.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 33(4), 1051-1056 (describes the use of aqueous sulfiiric acid); Memoli, K.A.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37(21), 3617-3618; Adolfsson, H.; Waernmark, K.; Moberg, C; J Org. Chem. 1994, 59(8), 2004-2009; and El Hadri, A.; Leclerc, G.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1993, 30(3), 631-635.
  • Steps al6, al7, and al8 encompasses reactions and conditions for 1°, 2° and 3° amide bond formation as shown in Schemes 28 and 29 which provide compounds such as those of Formula 73.
  • the reaction conditions for the formation of amide bonds encompass any reagents that generate a reactive intermediate for activation ofthe carboxylic acid to amide formation, for example (but not limited to), acyl halide, from carbodiimide, acyl iminium salt, symmetrical anhydrides, mixed anhydrides (including phosphonic/phosphinic mixed anhydrides), active esters (including silyl ester, methyl ester and thioester), acyl carbonate, acyl azide, acyl sulfonate and acyloxy N- phosphonium salt.
  • the reaction ofthe indole carboxylic acids with amines to form amides may be mediated by standard amide bond forming conditions described in the art.
  • amide bond formation Some examples for amide bond formation are listed in references 41-53 but this list is not limiting.
  • carboxylic acid to amine coupling reagents which are applicable are EDC, Diisopropylcarbodiimide or other carbodiimides, PyBop (benzotriazolyloxytris(dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), 2-(lH- benzotriazole- 1 -yl)- 1 , 1, 3, 3-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU).
  • a particularly useful method for azaindole 7-carboxylic acid to amide reactions is the use of carbonyl imidazole as the coupling reagent as described in reference 53. The temperature of this reaction may be lower than in the cited reference , from 80 °C (or possibly lower) to 150 °C or higher.
  • a more specific application is depicted in Scheme 30. Scheme 3 )
  • the carboxylic acid may be converted to an acid chloride using reagents such as thionyl chloride (neat or in an inert solvent) or oxalyl chloride in a solvent such as benzene, toluene, THF, or CH 2 C1 2 .
  • reagents such as thionyl chloride (neat or in an inert solvent) or oxalyl chloride in a solvent such as benzene, toluene, THF, or CH 2 C1 2 .
  • the amides may alternatively, be formed by reaction of the acid chloride with an excess of ammonia, primary, or secondary amine in an inert solvent such as benzene, toluene, THF, or CH 2 C1 2 or with stoichiometric amounts of amines in the presence of a tertiary amine such as triethylamine or a base such as pyridine or 2,6-lutidine.
  • the acid chloride may be reacted with an amine under basic conditions (Usually sodium or potassium hydroxide) in solvent mixtures containing water and possibly a miscible co solvent such as dioxane or THF.
  • Scheme 25B depicts a typical preparation of an acid chloride and derivatization to an amide of Formula I.
  • the carboxylic acid may be converted to an ester preferably a methyl or ethyl ester and then reacted with an amine.
  • the ester may be formed by reaction with diazomethane or alternatively trimethylsilyl diazomethane using standard conditions which are well known in the art. References and procedures for using these or other ester forming reactions can be found in reference 52 or 54.
  • R2 OR, F, Cl, Br
  • Scheme 31 shows synthetic transformations on a chloro nitro azaindole.
  • Step F-1 of Scheme 31 can be carried may be carried out according to the following procedures: Yamaguchi, S.; Yoshida, M.; Miyajima, I.; Araki, T.; Hirai, Y.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1995, 32(5), 1517-1519;
  • Step F-2 of Scheme 31 may be accomplished according to the procedures set forth in: Ciurla, H.; Puszko, A.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1996, 10, 1366-1371; Robinson, R.P.; Donahue, K.M.; Son, P.S.; Wagy, S.D.; J. Heterocycl. Chem.
  • R 2 is alkoxy or aryloxy
  • Step G, Scheme 31 The introduction of a chlorine substituent onto the azaindole (Step G, Scheme 31) may be accomplished according to the procedures as described in Ciurla, H.; Puszko, A.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1996, 10, 1366-1371; Raveglia, L.F.; Giardinal, G.A.M.; Grugni, M.; Rigolio, R.; Farina, C. ; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 557- 559; Matsumoto, J.I.; Miyamoto, T.; Minamida, A.; Mishimura, Y.; Egawa, H.; Mishimura, H.; J. Med. Chem. 1984, 27(3), 292; Lee, T.-C; Salemnick, G.; J. Org. Chem. 1975, 24, 3608.
  • Step G The introduction of a bromine substituent onto the azaindole (Step G, Scheme 31) may be accomplished according to the procedures as described in Raveglia, L.F.; Giardina, G.A.M.; Grugni, M.; Rigolio, R.; Farina, C. ; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 557-559; Talik, T.; Talik, Z.; Ban-Oganowska, H.; Synthesis 1974, 293; Abramovitch, R. A.; Saha, M.; Can. J. Chem. 1966, 44, 1765.
  • heterocycles may be prepared from an aldehyde, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, carboxylic acid amide, carboxylic acid halide, or cyano moiety or attached to another carbon substituted by a bromide or other leaving group such as a triflate, mesylate, chloride, iodide, or phosponate.
  • a bromide or other leaving group such as a triflate, mesylate, chloride, iodide, or phosponate.
  • the methods for preparing such intermediates from intermediates typified by the carboxylic acid intermediate, 69, bromo intermediate, 76, or aldehyde intermediate, 70 described above are known by a typical chemist practitioner.
  • the methods or types of heterocycles which may be constructed are described in the chemical literature.
  • reaction conditions identified by such a search can then be employed using the substrates described in this application to produce all ofthe compounds envisioned and covered by this invention.
  • amides commercially available amines can be used in the synthesis.
  • search programs can be used to locate literature preparations of known amines or procedures to synthesize new amines. These procedures are then carried out by one with typical skill in the art to provide the compounds of Formula I for use as antiviral agents.
  • step al3 suitable substituted azaindoles, such as the bromoazaindole intermediate, 76, may undergo metal mediated couplings with aryl groups, heterocycles, or vinyl stannanes to provide compounds of Formula I wherein R 5 is aryl, heteroaryl, or heteroalicyclic for example.
  • the bromoazaindole intermediates, 76 (or azaindole triflates or iodides) may undergo Stille-type coupling with heteroarylstannanes as shown in Scheme 32, step al3.
  • Conditions for this reaction are well known in the art and references 68-70 as well as reference 52 provide numerous conditions in addition to the specific examples provided in Scheme 14 and in the specific embodiments.
  • an indole stannane could also couple to a heterocyclic or aryl halide or triflate to construct compounds of Formula I.
  • Suzuki coupling (reference 71) between the bromo intermediate, 76, and a suitable boronate could also be employed and some specific examples are contained in this application.
  • aldehyde intermediates, 70 may be used to generate numerous compounds of Formula I.
  • the aldehyde group may be a precursor for any ofthe substituents Rj through R 5 but the transormation for R 5 is depicted above for simplicity.
  • the aldehyde intermediate 70 may be reacted to become incorporated into a ring as
  • the aldehyde, 70 may be reacted with a Tosmic based reagent to generate oxazoles (references 42 and 43 for example).
  • the aldehyde, 70 may be reacted with a Tosmic reagent and than an amine to give imidazoles as in reference 72 or the aldehyde intermediate, 70, may be reacted with hydroxylamine to give an oxime which is a compound of Formula I as described below.
  • Oxidation ofthe oxime with NBS, t-butyl hypochlorite, or the other known reagents would provide the N-oxide which react with alkynes or 3 alkoxy vinyl esters to give isoxazoles of varying substitution.
  • Reaction ofthe aldehyde intermediate 70, with the known reagent, 77 (reference 70) shown below under basic conditions would provide 4-aminotrityl oxazoles. 77
  • trityl Removal ofthe trityl group would provide 4-amino oxazoles which could be substitutued by acylation, reductive alkylation or alkylation reactions or heterocycle forming reactions.
  • the trityl could be replaced with an alternate protecting group such as a monomethoxy trityl, CBZ, benzyl, or appropriate silyl group if desired.
  • Reference 73 demonstrates the preparation of oxazoles containing a triflouoromethyl moiety and the conditions described therein demonstrates the synthesis of oxazoles with fluorinated methyl groups appended to them.
  • the aldehyde could also be reacted with a metal or Grignard (alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl) to generate secondary alcohols. These would be efficacious or could be oxidized to the ketone with TPAP or MnO 2 or PCC for example to provide ketones of Formula I which could be utilized for treatment or reacted with metal reagents to give tertiary alcohols or alternatively converted to oximes by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochlorides in ethanolic solvents. Alternatively the aldehyde could be converted to benzyl amines via reductive animation. An example of oxazole formation via a Tosmic reagent is shown below in Scheme 35. The same reaction would work with aldehydes at other positions and also in the 5 and 6 aza indole series.
  • a metal or Grignard alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl
  • Scheme 36 shows in step al5, a cyano intermediate, such as 62, which could be directly converted to compounds of Formula I via heterocycle formation or reaction with organometallic reagents.
  • Scheme 37 shows a method for acylation of a cyanoindole intermediate of formula 65 with oxalyl chloride which would give acid chloride, 79, which could then be coupled with the appropriate amine in the presence of base to provide 80.
  • the nitrile intermediate, 80 could be converted to the tetrazole of formula 81, which could then be alkylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane to give the compound of formula 82 (Scheme 38).
  • Tetrazole alkylation with alkyl halides would be carried out prior to azaindole acylation as shown in Scheme 39.
  • Intermediate 65 could be converted to tetrazole, 83, which could be alkylated to provide 84.
  • Intermediate 84 could then be acylated and hydrolyzed to provide 85 which could be subjected to amide formation conditions to provide 86.
  • the group appended to the tetrazole may be quite diverse and still exhibit impressive potency.
  • Scheme 40 shows that an oxadiazole such as , 88, may be prepared by the addition of hydroxylamine to the nitrile, 80, followed by ring closure of intermediate 87 with phosgene. Alkylation of oxadiazole, 88, with trimethylsilyldiazomethane would give the compound of formula 89.
  • a 7-cyanoindole, such as 80, could be efficiently converted to the imidate ester under conventional Pinner conditions using 1,4-dioxane as the solvent.
  • the imidate ester can be reacted with nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur nucleophiles to provide C7-substituted indoles, for example: imidazolines, benzimidazoles, azabenzimidazoles, oxazolines, oxadiazoles, thiazolines, triazoles, pyrimidines and amidines etc.
  • the imidate may be reacted with acetyl hydrazide with heating in a nonparticipating solvent such as dioxane, THF, or benzene for example, (aqueous base or aqueous base in an alcoholic solvent may need to be added to effect final dehydrative cyclization in some cases) to form a methyl triazine.
  • a nonparticipating solvent such as dioxane, THF, or benzene for example
  • aqueous base or aqueous base in an alcoholic solvent may need to be added to effect final dehydrative cyclization in some cases
  • Triazines can be used.
  • Triazines can also be installed via coupling of stannyl triazines with 4,5,6,or 7-bromo or chloro azaindoles. The examples give an example of the formation of many of these heterocycles .
  • An acid may be a precursor for substituents Rj through R 5 when it occupies the corresponding position such as R 5 as shown in Scheme 42.
  • An acid intermediate such as 69, may be used as a versatile precursor to generate numerous substituted compounds.
  • the acid could be converted to hydrazonyl bromide and then a pyrazole via reference 74.
  • One method for general heterocycle synthesis would be to convert the acid to an alpha bromo ketone (ref 75) by conversion to the acid chloride using standard methods, reaction with diazomethane, and finally reaction with HBr.
  • the alpha bromo ketone could be used to prepare many different compounds of Formula I as it can be converted to many heterocycles or other compounds of Formula I.
  • Alpha amino ketones can be prepared by displacement ofthe bromide with amines.
  • the alpha bromo ketone could be used to prepare heterocycles not available directly from the aldeheyde or acid.
  • using the conditions of Hulton in reference 76 to react with the alpha bromo ketone would provide oxazoles.
  • Reaction ofthe alpha bromoketone with urea via the methods of reference 77 would provide 2-amino oxazoles.
  • the alpha bromoketone could also be used to generate furans using beta keto esters(ref 78-80) or other methods, pyrroles (from beta dicarbonyls as in ref 81 or by Hantsch methods (ref 82) thiazoles , isoxazoles and imidazoles (ref 83) example using literature procedures.
  • Coupling ofthe aforementioned acid chloride with N- methyl-O-methyl hydroxyl amine would provide a "Weinreb Amide" which could be used to react with alkyl lithiums or Grignard reagents to generate ketones.
  • Reaction ofthe Weinreb anion with a dianion of a hydroxyl amine would generate isoxazoles (ref 84).
  • Reaction with an acetylenic lithium or other carbanion would generate alkynyl indole ketones.
  • Reaction of this alkynyl intermediate with diazomethane or other diazo compounds would give pyrazoles (ref 85).
  • Reaction with azide or hydroxyl amine would give heterocycles after elimination of water.
  • Nitrile oxides would react with the alkynyl ketone to give isoxazoles (ref 86).
  • Reaction ofthe initial acid to provide an acid chloride using for example oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride or triphenyl phosphine/ carbon tetrachloride provides a useful intermediate as noted above.
  • Reaction ofthe acid chloride with an alpha ester substituted isocyanide and base would give 2-substituted oxazoles (ref 87). These could be converted to amines, alcohols, or halides using standard reductions or Hoffman/Curtius type rearrangements.
  • Scheme 43 describes alternate chemistry for installing the oxoacetyl piperazine moiety onto the 3 position of the azaindoles.
  • StepA'" in Scheme 43 depicts reaction with formaldehyde and dimethylamine using the conditions in
  • Step B' shows displacement with potassium cyanide would provide the cyano derivative according to the method described in Miyashita, K.; Kondoh, K.; Tsuchiya, K.; Miyabe, H.; Imanishi, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1997, 45(5), 932-935 or in Kawase, M.; Sinhababu, A.K.; Borchardt, R.T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1990, 38(11), 2939-2946.
  • the same transformation could also be carried out using TMSCN and a tetrabutylammonium flouride source as in Iwao, M.; Motoi, O.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36(33), 5929-5932.
  • Sodium cyanide could also be utilized.
  • Step C" of Scheme 43 depicts hydrolysis of the nitrile with sodium hydroxide and methanol would provide the acid via the methods described in Iwao, M.; Motoi, O.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36(33), 5929-5932 for example.
  • the use of a nitrilase enzyme to achieve the same transformation is described by Klempier N, de Raadt A, Griengl H, Heinisch G, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 1992 29, 93, and may be applicable.
  • Step D'" of Scheme 43 depicts an alpha hydroxylation which may be accomplished by methods as described in Hanessian, S.; Wang, W.; Gai, Y.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37(42), 7477-7480; Robinson, R. A.; Clark, J. S.; Holmes, A. B.; J. Am. Chem. Soc 1993, 115(22), 10400-10401 (KN(TMS) 2 and then camphorsulfonyloxaziridine or another oxaziridine; andDavis, F.A.; Reddy, R.T.; Reddy, R.E.; J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57(24), 6387-6389.
  • Step E'" of Scheme 43 shows methods for the oxidation ofthe alpha hydroxy ester to the ketone which may be accomplished according to the methods described in Mohand, S.A.; Levina, A.; Muzart, J.; Synth. Comm. 1995, 25 (14), 2051-2059.
  • a preferred method for step E'" is that of Ma, Z.; Bobbitt, J.M.; J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56(21), 6110-6114 which utilizes 4-(NH-Ac)-TEMPO in a solvent such as CH 2 C1 2 in the presence of para toluenesulfonic acid.
  • Step F'" of Scheme 43 depicts the coupling reactions which may be carried out as described previously in the application and by a preferred method which is described in Li, H.; Jiang, X.; Ye, Y.-H.; Fan, C; Romoff, T.; Goodman, M. Organic Lett., 1999, 2, 91-93 and employs 3-(Diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-l,2,3-benzotriazin- 4(3H)-one (DEPBT); a new coupling reagent with remarkable resistance to racemization.
  • DEPBT 3-(Diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-l,2,3-benzotriazin- 4(3H)-one
  • Scheme 44 depicts the preparation of Formula I compounds by coupling ⁇ WC(O)A to the acid as described in Step F'" of Scheme 43, followed by hydroxylation as in Step D'" of Scheme 43 and oxidation as described in Step E'" of Scheme 43.
  • Scheme 45
  • Scheme 45 depicts a method for the preparation which could be used to obtain amido compounds of Formula I.
  • Step G' represents ester hydrolysis followed by amide formation (Step H' as described in Step F" ' of Scheme 43).
  • Step I' of Scheme 45 depicts the preparation of the N-oxide which could be accomplished according to the procedures in Suzuki, H.; Iwata, C; Sakurai, K.; Tokumoto, K.; Takahashi, H.; Hanada, M.; Yokoyama, Y.; Murakami, Y.; Tetrahedron 1997, 53(5), 1593-1606; Suzuki, H.; Yokoyama, Y.; Miyagi, C; Murakami, Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull.
  • Step K' of Scheme 45 Hydrolysis ofthe nitrile to the acid is depicted in Step K' of Scheme 45 according to procedures such as Shiotani, S.; Tanigucchi, K.; J Heterocycl. Chem.
  • Step L' of Scheme 45 depicts a method which could be utilized for the preparation of amido compounds of Formula I from the cyano derivative which may be accomplished according to procedures described in Shiotani, S.; Taniguchi, K.; J. Heterocycl. Chem.
  • Step M' of Scheme 45 shows a method which could be used for the preparation of amido compounds of Formula I from the acid derivative which may be accomplished according to procedures described in Norman, M.H.; Navas, F. Ill; Thompson, J.B.; Rigdon, G.C.; J. Med.
  • Scheme 46 shows a method which could be used for the synthesis of an azaindole acetic acid derivative. Protection ofthe amine group could be effected by treatment with di-tert-butyldicarbonate to introduce the t-Butoxycarbonyl (BOC) group. Introduction ofthe oxalate moiety may then be accomplished as shown in Step A of Scheme 46 according to the procedures described in Hewawasam, P.; Meanwell, N. A.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35(40), 7303-7306 (using t-Buli, or s-buli, THF); or Stanetty, P.; Koller, H.; Mihovilovic, M.; J. Org. Chem.
  • Scheme 47 describes an alternate synthesis which could be used to prepare azaindole acetic acid derivatives.
  • Step C of Scheme 47 could be accomplished by using the procedures described in Harden, F.A.; Quinn, R.J.; Scammells, P.J.; J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34(9), 2892-2898 [use of 1. NaNO 2 , cone. HCI 2. SnCl 2 , cone. HCI (cat.)].
  • 10 equivalents of NaNO 2 and 1.0 equivalents of substrate reacted at 0 °C for 0.25 to lh and to this reaction mixture was added 3.5 equivalents of SnCl 2 .
  • Scheme 48 depicts another possible route to azaindole acetic acid derivatives.
  • Step E of Scheme 48 could be carried out as shown or according to procedures such as those described in Yurovskaya, M.A.; Khamlova, I.G.; Nesterov, N.N.; Shishkin, ON.; Struchkov, T.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1995, 11, 1543-1550; Grzegozek, M.; Wozniak, M.; Baranski, A.; Nan Der Plas, H.C.; J. Heterocycl. Chem.
  • Step F of Scheme 48 shows the cyclization reaction which could provide the azaindole acetic acid derivatives. This reaction could be accomplished according to procedures such as those described in Frydman, B.; Baldain, G.; Repetto, J. C; J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 1824 (use of H 2 , Pd-C, EtOH); Bistryakova, I. D.; Smirnova, N. M.; Safonova, T.
  • Scheme 49 provides another route to azaindole intermediates which could then be further elaborated to provide compounds of Formula I, such as the amido derivatives shown.
  • Steps G".and H” of Scheme 49 may be carried out according to the procedures described in Takahashi, K.; Shibasaki, K.; Ogura, K.; Iida, H.; Chem. Lett. 1983, 859; and Itoh, N.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1962, 10, 55.
  • Elaboration of the intermediate to the amido compound of Formula I could be accomplished as previously described for Steps F- M' of Scheme 45.
  • Scheme 50 shows the preparation of azaindole oxalic acid derivatives.
  • the starting materials in Scheme 50 may be prepared according to Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2389-2392.
  • Steps A', B', C, and D' of Scheme 50 may be carried out according to procedures described in Jones, R.A.; Pastor, J.; Siro, J.; Voro, T.N.; Tetrahedron 1997, 53(2), 479-486; and Singh, S.K.; Dekhane, M.; Le Hyaric, M.; Potier, P.; Dodd, R.H.; Heterocycles 1997, 44(1), 379-391.
  • Step E' of Scheme 50 could be carried out according to the procedures described in Suzuki, H.; Iwata, C; Sakurai, K.; Tokumoto, K.; Takahashi, H.; Hanada, M.; Yokoyama, Y.; Murakami, Y.; Tetrahedron 1997, 53(5), 1593-1606; Suzuki, H.; Yokoyama, Y.; Miyagi, C; Murakami, Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991, 39(8), 2170-2172; Hagen, T.J.; Narayanan, K.; Names, J.; Cook, J.M.; J. Org. Chem.
  • Step F' of Scheme 50 shows the conversion of the phenol to a fluoro, chloro or bromo derivative. Conversion of the phenol to the fluoro derivative could be carried out according to procedures described in Christe, K.O.; Pavlath, A.E.; J. Org. Chem.
  • Scheme 51 describes methods for the preparation of azaindole acetic acid derivatives by the same methods employed for the preparation of azaindole oxalic acid derivatives as shown and described in Scheme 50 above.
  • the starting material employed in Scheme 51 could be prepared according to J Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7788-7801. Steps A", B", C", D", and E” of Scheme 51 could be carried out in the same fashion as previously described for Steps Steps A', B', C, D', and E' of Scheme 50.
  • Examples containing substituted piperazines are prepared using the general procedures outlined in Schemes 55-38.
  • Substituted piperazines are either commercially available from Aldrich, Co. or prepared according to literature procedures (Behun et al, Ref. 88(a), Scheme 31, eq. 01).
  • Hydrogenation of alkyl substituted pyrazines under 40 to 50 psi pressure in EtOH afforded substituted piperazines.
  • the substituent was an ester or amide
  • the pyrazine systems could be partially reduced to the tetrahydropyrazine (Rossen et al, Ref. 88(b), Scheme 55, eq. 02).
  • the carbonyl substituted piperazines could be obtained under the same conditions described above by using commercially available dibenzyl piperazines (Scheme 55, eq. 03).
  • 2-Trifluoromethylpiperazine (Jenneskens et al., Ref. 88c) was prepared through a four step route (Scheme 56). Using Lewis acid TiCl 4 , N,N'- dibenzylethylenediamine reacted with trifluoropyruvates to afford the hemiacetal, which was reduced at room temperature by Et 3 SiH in TFA to afford the lactam. LiAlH 4 treatment then reduced the lactam to l,4-dibenzyl-2- trifluoromethylpiperazine. Finally, hydrogenation ofthe dibenzyl-2- trifluoromethylpiperazine in HOAc gave the desired product, 2- trifluoromethylpiperazine.
  • ester group can be selectively reduced by NaBH 4 in the presence ofthe benzamide (Masuzawa et al, Ref. 91), which is shown in Scheme 60.
  • ester groups on either the piperazine linkers or on the azaindole nucleus could be hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid under basic conditions such as K 2 CO 3 (Scheme 61, eq. 13) or NaOMe (Scheme 61, eq. 14) as bases in MeOH and water.
  • Scheme 65 depicts some more specific methodology for preparing 5-azindoles for use in prpeartion ofthe claimed compounds.
  • Some reductive cyclizations conditions include Fe in acetic acid, Tin II chloride in aq HCI, or Zinc powder in acetic acid. Hydrogenation condititons or other conditions used in LeimGruber- Batch indole synthesis sequences can alo be employed.
  • X chloro or bromo or may be converted to a substituent and then carried through the sequence
  • Scheme 67-74 provides some nonlimiting methodology for the preparation of substituted pyrazines which can be incorporated into substituents of compounds of claim 1 , particularly as part of R 4 .
  • the nomenclature in these schemes does not coincide with that ofthe claims but rather shows examples of methods which can be used to prepare pieces which make up the compounds ofthe claims.
  • Rj and R 2 in these schemes does not refer to the Rl and R2 in the claims but for example refers to chemically compatible groups which might be envisioned by chemists skilled in the art and which can be utilized to prepare compounds ofthe claims.
  • Ri and/or R 2 are(is)
  • R , R 5 , R 6 could be defined similar to Rt and R 2

Abstract

This invention provides compounds having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and method of use. In particular, the invention is concerned with azaindoleoxoacetyl piperazine derivatives. These compounds possess unique antiviral activity, whether used alone or in combination with other antivirals, antiinfectives, immunomodulators or HIV entry inhibitors. More particularly, the present invention relates to the treatment of HIV and AIDS.

Description

COMPOSITION AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF SUBSTITUTED AZAINDOLEOXOACETIC PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial Numbers 60/314,406 filed August 23, 2001 and 60/266,183 filed February 2, 2001.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field ofthe Invention
This invention provides compounds having drug and bio-affecting properties, their pharmaceutical compositions and method of use. In particular, the invention is concerned with azaindole piperazine diamide derivatives that possess unique antiviral activity. More particularly, the present invention relates to compounds useful for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.
Background Art
HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus -1) infection remains a major medical problem, with an estimated 33.6 million people infected worldwide. The number of cases of HIV and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) has risen rapidly. In 1999, 5.6 million new infections were reported, and 2.6 million people died from AIDS. Currently available drugs for the treatment of HIV include six nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, zalcitabine and abacavir), three non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz), and six peptidomimetic protease inhibitors (saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfmavir, amprenavir and lopinavir). Each of these drugs can only transiently restrain viral replication if used alone. However, when used in combination, these drugs have a profound effect on viremia and disease progression. In fact, significant reductions in death rates among AIDS patients have been recently documented as a consequence of the widespread application of combination therapy. However, despite these impressive results, 30 to 50% of patients ultimately fail combination drug therapies. Insufficient drug potency, non- compliance, restricted tissue penetration and drug-specific limitations within certain cell types (e.g. most nucleoside analogs cannot be phosphorylated in resting cells) may account for the incomplete suppression of sensitive viruses. Furthermore, the high replication rate and rapid turnover of HIV-1 combined with the frequent incorporation of mutations, leads to the appearance of drug-resistant variants and treatment failures when sub-optimal drug concentrations are present (Larder and Kemp; Gulick; Kuritzkes; Morris- Jones et al; Schinazi et al; Vacca and Condra; Flexner; Berkhout and Ren et al; (Ref. 6-14)). Therefore, novel anti-HIV agents exhibiting distinct resistance patterns, and favorable pharmacokinetic as well as safety profiles are needed to provide more treatment options.
Currently marketed HIV-1 drugs are dominated by either nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or peptidomimetic protease inhibitors. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have recently gained an increasingly important role in the therapy of HIV infections (Pedersen & Pedersen, Ref 15). At least 30 different classes of NNRTI have been described in the literature (De Clercq, Ref. 16) and several NNRTIs have been evaluated in clinical trials. Dipyridodiazepinone (nevirapine), benzoxazinone (efavirenz) and bis(heteroaryl) piperazine derivatives (delavirdine) have been approved for clinical use. However, the major drawback to the development and application of NNRTIs is the propensity for rapid emergence of drug resistant strains, both in tissue cell culture and in treated individuals, particularly those subject to monotherapy. As a consequence, there is considerable interest in the identification of NNRTIs less prone to the development of resistance (Pedersen & Pedersen, Ref 15).
Several indole derivatives including indole-3-sulfones, piperazino indoles, pyrazino indoles, and 5H-indolo[3,2-b][l,5]benzothiazepine derivatives have been reported as HIN-1 reverse transciptase inhibitors (Greenlee et al, Ref. 1; Williams et al, Ref. 2; Romero et al, Ref. 3; Font et al, Ref. 17; Romero et al, Ref. 18; Young et al, Ref. 19; Genin et al, Ref. 20; Silvestri et al, Ref. 21). Indole 2-carboxamides have also been described as inhibitors of cell adhesion and HIN infection (Boschelli et al, US 5,424,329, Ref. 4). Finally, 3-substituted indole natural products (Semicochliodinol A and B, didemethylasterriquinone and isocochliodinol) were disclosed as inhibitors of HIN-1 protease (Fredenhagen et al, Ref. 22). Other indole derivatives exhibiting antiviral activity useful for treating HIV are disclosed in PCT WO 00/76521 (Ref. 93). Also, indole derivatives are disclosed in PCT WO 00/71535 (Ref. 94). Structurally related aza-indole amide derivatives have been disclosed previously (Kato et al, Ref. 23; Levacher et al, Ref. 24; Dompe Spa, WO-09504742, Ref. 5(a); S ithKline Beecham PLC, WO-09611929, Ref. 5(b); Schering Corp., US- 05023265, Ref. 5(c)). However, these structures differ from those claimed herein in that they are aza-indole mono-amide rather than unsymmetrical aza-indole piperazine diamide derivatives, and there is no mention of the use of these compounds for treating viral infections, particularly HIV. Other azaindoles have been also disclosed by Wang et al, Ref. 95. Nothing in these references can be construed to disclose or suggest the novel compounds of this invention and their use to inhibit HIV infection.
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SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are effective antiviral agents, particularly as inhibitors of HIV.
A first embodiment of a first aspect ofthe invention are compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
Figure imgf000014_0001
wherein:
Q is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000014_0002
R1, R2, R3, and R4, are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, COOR8, XR57, C(O)R57, C(O)NR55R56, B, D, and E with the proviso that at least one of R'-R4 is selected from B or E;
m is 1 or 2;
R5 is hydrogen or (CH2)nR44 wherein n is 0-6;
R6 is O or does not exist;
- - may represent a carbon-carbon bond;
A is selected from the group consisting of C-alkoxy, aryl and heteroaryl; in which said aryl is phenyl or napthyl; said heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoimidazolyl and benzothiazolyl; and said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or two ofthe same or different amino, nitro, cyano, C-alkoxy, -C(O)NH2, C-alkyl, -NHC(O)CH3, halogen or trifluoromethyl; -W- is
Figure imgf000015_0001
B is selected from the group consisting of-C(=NR46)(R47), C(O)NR40R41, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, S(O)qRs, P(O)(R8)q(OR8)2.q, P(S)(R8)q(OR8)2.q5 C(O)R7, XR8,
Figure imgf000015_0002
and ( alkylCOOR'wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to three same or different substituents selected from the group F;
q is O, 1, or 2;
D is selected from the group consisting of (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3-7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3_7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, and (C2.6)alkynyl are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to three same or different substituents selected from the group F;
E is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3-7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein said (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, and (C2.6)alkynyl are substituted with B;
F is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C1.6)alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, (Cj.6)thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR42C(O)-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR 2C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR42S(O)2- (C3.β)cycloalkyl, -NR42S(O)2-aryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR42S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, O-carboxy, sulfmyl, sulfonyl, -S(O)2 NR42R43, phosphonyl, NR42R43, (C1.6)alkylC(O)NR42R43, C(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)NR42R43, OC(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)OR54, (C,.6)alkylNR42R43, COOR54 , and (C^alkylCOOR54 wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, (C,.6)alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, ( .^thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, are optionally substituted with one to nine same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group G;
G is selected from the group consisting of (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C-alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, (C1.6)thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR48C(O)-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR48C(O)- - (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48C(O)-aryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR48S(O)2-(C[.6)alkyl, -NR48S(O)2- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48S(O)2-aryl, -NR48S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR48S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, phosphonyl, NR48R49, (C-alkyl C(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)NR48R49, OC(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)OR54', (C,.6)alkylNR48R49, COOR54, and (C,.6)alkylCOOR54; R7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to three same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2. 6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (Cι_6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, or (C].6)alkyl wherein each of said(C,.6)alkyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens;
X is selected from the group consisting of NR5, O, and S;
R40andR41 are independently selected from the group consisting of Hydrogen; or (C].6)alkyl or (C3.7)cycloalkyl substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; or (C1.6)alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R40 andR41 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 5 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R40 andR41 may be hydrogen.
R42and 43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C1.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.5)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R42 andR43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 5 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C-alkyl, (C,.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to nine same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group G;
R44 is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) H, (Cι.6)alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.6)cycloalkenyl, (C2.5)alkynyl, halogen, CN, nitro, Ar, COOR50, COOAr, -CONR^, TR50, NRaRb, -NC(O)NRaRb5 -OC(O)R50, -C[N(Ra)2] =N-T-Rb, YR50, -C(O)R50, -C(O)Ar, -S^R,, or -S(O)2Ra, provided when R44 is -S(O)Ra or -S(O)2Ra then R, is not H; and
(2) a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted with R50, which may contain 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, N, and NR52, wherein R52 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (CM)alkyl, (C2.4)alkenyl and (C2.4)alkynyl;
T is S or O;
Ar is phenyl or heteroaryl; wherein said phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three ofthe same or different halogens, C,_6 alkoxy, C 6 alkyl or amino;
R., and Rb are each independently H, (C,.6)alkyl or phenyl;
R46 is selected from the group consisting of H, OR8, and NR40R41;
R47is selected from the group consisting of H, amino, halogen, and (C,_6)alkyl;
R48 andR49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1.6)alkyl, (C1.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R48 and R49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 5 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m. wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; R50 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C-alkyl, (C3-6)cycloalkyl, and benzyl, each of said alkyl, cycloalkyl and benzyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO2;
R51 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C-alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.6)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl or C(O)R53, wherein R53 is H, (C-alkyl, or (C3.6)cycloalkyl and each of said (C,.6)alkyl and (C3.6)cycloalkyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or
NO2;
Figure imgf000019_0001
R54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (Cj.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, CN and NO2;
R54' is selected from the group consisting of (C,.6)alkyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C^aUcyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, CN and NO2;
R55 and R56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl; and
R57 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl.
With the proviso that in the formulas above the carbon atoms which comprise the carbon-carbon double bond of any Cnumber-Cmιmber alkenyl or the carbon-carbon triple bond of said Cnumber-Cnumber alkynyl are not the point of attachment to the oxygen,nitrogen, or sulfur to which it is said to be attached; A more preferred embodiment of a first aspect ofthe invention are compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
Figure imgf000020_0001
wherein:
R1 is hydrogen
R2 and R3, are each independently selected from the group (a)-(k) consisting of:
(a) hydrogen,
(b) halogen,
(c) cyano, (d) nitro,
(e) amino,
(f) C^alkylamino,
(g) di(C1.2alkyl)amino, (h) hydroxy, (i) Cj.3alkyl optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, hydroxy, C,.2alkoxy, amino, C1.4alkylamino, di (CMalkyl)amino, cyano, (j) C,.6alkoxy,
(k) heteroaryl, said heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, benzooxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, 1 H-imidazo [4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl, 1 H-imidazo [4,5-c]pyridin-2-y 1, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazinyl, triazinyl and triazolyl, and said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with Cj.6 alkyl groups (1) phenyl which is independently substituted with one to three same or different halogen, hydroxy, C,.2alkoxy, amino, CMalkylamino, di (C1 alkyl)amino, cyano, R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, COOR8, XR57, C(O)R57, C(O)NR55R56, B, D, and E with the proviso that when at least one of R2 or R3 is not either heteroaryl or substituted phenyl than R4 is selected from B or E;
m is 2;
R5 is hydrogen;
R6 does not exist;
- - represents a carbon-carbon bond or nothing;
A is selected from the group consisting of C-alkoxy, aryl and heteroaryl; in which said aryl is phenyl or said heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoimidazolyl and benzothiazolyl; and said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or two ofthe same or different amino,cyano, C-alkoxy, C-alkyl, -NHC(O)CH3, halogen or trifluoromethyl;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(=NR46)(R47), C(O)NR40R41, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, S(O)qR8, P(O)(R8)q(OR8)2.q, P(S)(R8)q(OR8)2.q, C(O)R8, XR8, (C^alkylNR^R41, and (C^alkylCOORVherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
q is O, 1, or 2;
D is selected from the group consisting of (Chalky 1, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3-7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein said (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, and (C2.6)alkynyl are optionally substituted with one to nine same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group F;
E is selected from the group consisting of (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3-7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein said (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, and (C2.6)alkynyl are substituted with B;
F is selected from the group consisting of (Cj.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C1.6)alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy,
Figure imgf000022_0001
thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR42C(O)-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR42S(O)2-
(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR 2S(O)2-aryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR42S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, -S(O)2 NR42R43, phosphonyl, NR42R43, (C1.6)alkylC(O)NR42R43, C(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)NR42R43, OC(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)OR54', ( alkylNR^R43, COOR54 and ( alkylCOOR54 wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, (C-alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, (C^thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
G is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (Cι.6)alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, ( . thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR48C(O)-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR sC(O)-(C3. 6)cycloalkyl, -NR48C(O)-aryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR48S(O)2-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR48S(O)2- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48S(O)2-aryl, -NR48S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR48S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, -S(O)2 NR48R49, NR4SR49, (C,.6)alkyl C(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)NR48R49, OC(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)OR54, (Cμ6)alkylNR48R49, COOR54, and (Cj alkylCOOR54;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2_ 6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19 and R20 are each independently selected from hydrogen or C-alkyl being optionally substituted with one to three fluorines;
R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C^^alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein each of said (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino and nitro;
X is selected from the group consisting of NR5, O, and S;
R40 and R41 are independently selected from the group consisting of Hydrogen; or (C-alkyl or (C3.7)cycloalkyl substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; or (C-alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R40 andR41 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 2 additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R40 and R41 may be hydrogen.
R42andR43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1.6)alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R42 and R43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m. wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (Cμ6)alkyl, (C1.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.5)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
R44 is selected from the group consisting of -H
Ra and Rb are each independently H, (Cμ6)alkyl or phenyl;
R46 is selected from the group consisting of H, OR8, and NR40R41;
R47 is selected from the group consisting of H, amino, halogen, and (C].6)alkyl;
R48 andR49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1.6)alkyl, (C1.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, allyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R48 andR49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m. wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2;
R50 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C].6)alkyl, (C3-6)cycloalkyl, and benzyl, each of said alkyl, cycloalkyl and benzyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO2;
R51 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C-alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.6)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl or C(O)R53, wherein R53 is H, (C-alkyl, or (C3.6)cycloalkyl and each of said (C-alkyl and (C3.6)cycloalkyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO2;
Figure imgf000024_0001
R54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, allyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (Cj.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56;
R54' is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, allyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C1.5)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56;
R55 and R56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, allyl, or (C3.7)cycloalkyl; and
R57 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl.
An even more preferred embodiment of a first aspect ofthe invention are compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and heteroaryl in which said heteroaryl is selected from pyridinyl, furanyl and thienyl, and said phenyl or said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to two ofthe same or different amino, C-alkyl, or halogen;
- - represents a carbon-carbon bond;
R9, R10, R", R12, R13, and R14 are each hydrogen; and
R15 and R16 are each independently hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that only one is methyl.
Q is either
Figure imgf000025_0001
and then R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and methoxy; and
R3 is hydrogen;
Or Q is:
Figure imgf000026_0001
and R2 is halogen or hydrogen and R3 is hydrogen;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of B or E
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41, substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, and C(O)R7 wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted and phenyl is substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
E is selected from the group consisting of (C2)alkenyl, or (C2)alkynyl, wherein (C2.6)alkenyl or (C2)alkynyl are substituted with B;
F is selected from the group consisting of (Cj.6)alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C,.6)alkoxy,
Figure imgf000026_0002
cyano, halogen, carbonyl, benzyl, -NR4 C(O)-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR 2C(O)-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2- (Cw)alkyl, -NR42S(O)2-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42S(O)2-aryl, -NR 2S(O)2-heteroaryl, - NR42S(O)2-heteroalicyclic, -S(O)2 NR42R43, NR42R43,
(C1.6)alkylC(O)NR42R43, C(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)NR42R43, OC(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)OR54', ( alkylNR^R43, COOR5 and (C^alkylCOOR54 wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, (C!.6)alkoxy, are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
G is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C-alkoxy, (C^thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, -NR48C(O)-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR48C(O)-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48C(O)-aryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR48C(O)- heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR48S(O)2-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR48S(O)2- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48S(O)2-aryl, -NR48S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR48S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, sulfonyl, -S(O)2 NR48R49, NR48R49, (C1.6)alkyl C(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)NR48R49, OC(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)OR54', (C1.6)alkylNR48R49, COOR54, and (C^alkylCOOR54'; R7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, and (C3.7)cycloalkyl, wherein (C-alkyl, and (C3.7)cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R40 andR41 are independently selected from the group consisting of
Hydrogen; or (C,.6)alkyl or (C3.7)cycloalkyl substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; or (C-alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R40 andR41 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m. wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R40 andR41 may be hydrogen.
R42andR43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1.6)alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R42 and
R43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O)m, wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C,.6)alkyl, (C,.6)alkoxy,
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
R is selected from the group consisting of -H;
R48 andR49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C1.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R48 and R49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m. wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2;
R54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C-alkyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56;
R54' is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56;
R55 and R56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (Cμ 6)alkyl, or (C3.7)cycloalkyl
Among the preferred compounds ofthe first embodiment of a first aspect ofthe invention are compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
R4 is selected from the group consisting of B;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41, substituted phenyl, or heteroaryl, wherein said phenyl is substituted and heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
F is selected from the group consisting of (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy,
Figure imgf000028_0001
cyano, halogen, carbonyl, benzyl, -NR42C(O)-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR42R43, C(O)NR42R43, COOR54 and wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, (C-alkoxy, are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G; G is selected from the group consisting of (C1.6)alkyl, hydroxy, (Cμ6)alkoxy, halogen, -NR48C(O)-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR48C(O)-(C3)cycloalkyl, a cyclic N-amido, -NR48S(O)2-(C1.6)alkyl, NR48R49, (C-alkyl C(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, (C1.6)alkylNR 8R49;
R40 is Hydrogen;
R41 is (C-alkoxy, heteroaryl, or aryl, wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;.
R42andR43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,.6)alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R42 and R43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (Cj.6)alkyl, (Cι.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
R48 andR49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,.6)alkyl or R48 andR49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, or O;
A second group of preferred compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
Q is
Figure imgf000029_0001
R4 is B; A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
Most preferred among this second group of preferred compounds are those where R4 is B;
A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl and B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group;
Compounds where B is heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F claimed;
Preferred groups for B when B is heteroaryl are selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
When B is heteroaryl, most preferred is when said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrQ alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(CrC6 alkyl), methoxy, - C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC ( - alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido; among the most prefered B is thienyl and when B is thienyl most preferred is when the thienyl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C,-C6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(CrC6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(CrC6 alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido; and even more preferred is when the thienyl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group ( - alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(CrC6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(CrC6 alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
when B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 a B of -C(O)NH- heteroaryl is preferred wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -methoxy, -NHC(C,-C6 alkyl), or -N(C,-C6 alkyl)2;
A third group of preferred compounds of Formula I are, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein,
Q is
Figure imgf000031_0001
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and methoxy;
R4 is B;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
Most preferred are compounds where A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl;
Most preferred for B is as described above.
Preferred groups for B when B is heteroaryl are selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
When B is heteroaryl, most preferred is when said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (C,-C6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(CrC6 alkyl), methoxy, - C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC (CrC6 alkyl), -N(Cj-C6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido; among the most preferred B is thienyl, pyrazole, or a six membered heteroaryl containing two ring nitrogens. and when B is one of these most preferred groups it is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group ( - alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C,-C6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(CrC6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(CrC6 alkyl), -N (CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido; and even more preferred is when said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(C,-C6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(C,-C6 alkyl), -N (Cj- alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
Another embodiment of a preferred aspect ofthe invention are compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and heteroaryl in which said heteroaryl is selected from pyridinyl, furanyl and thienyl, and said phenyl or said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to two ofthe same or different amino, C,.6alkyl, or halogen;
- - represents a carbon-carbon bond;
R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 are each hydrogen; and
R15 and R16 are each independently hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that only one is methyl.
Q is either
Figure imgf000033_0001
and then R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and methoxy;
And R3 is hydrogen;
Or Q is:
Figure imgf000033_0002
and R2 is halogen or hydrogen and R3 is hydrogen;
R4 is B; and
F is selected from the group consisting of (Cj.6)alkyl, hydroxy, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, methoxy, methylthioalkoxy, halogen, carbonyl, C(O)NR42R43, -NR42C(O)-(C!.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR42C(O)- heteroaryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR42S(O)2-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42S(O)2-aryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroalicyclic, NR42R43, COOH
G is selected from the group consisting of (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C-alkoxy, (Cj.6)thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, -NR48C(O)-(C1.6)alkyl, - NR48C(O)-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48C(O)-aryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR48C(O)- heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR48S(O)2-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR48S(O)2- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48S(O)2-aryl, -NR48S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR48S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, sulfonyl, -S(O)2 NR48R49, NR48R49, (C,.6)alkyl C(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)NR48R49, OC(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)OR54', (C^alkylNR^R49, COOR54, and (C1.6)alkylCOOR54'; R7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, and (C3.7)cycloalkyl, wherein (C-alkyl, and (C3.7)cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R40andR41 are independently selected from the group consisting of
Hydrogen; or (C1.6)alkyl or (C3.7)cycloalkyl substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; or (C-alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R40 and R41 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m. wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R40 andR41 may be hydrogen.
R42andR43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
(C-alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R42 and R43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O)m. wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C,.6)alkyl, (C^^alkoxy,
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl,
(C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
R44 is selected from the group consisting of -H
R48 and R49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
Figure imgf000034_0001
(C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R48 and R49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m. wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2;
R54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (Cj.6)alkyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56; R54' is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56;
R55 and R56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (Cμ6)alkyl, or (C3.7)cycloalkyl
A fourth group of preferred compounds is those wherein:
Q is
Figure imgf000035_0001
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or methoxy;
R3 is hydrogen;
R4 is B
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR 0R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; A final preferred aspect ofthe invention are compounds depicted in Table 2 or Table 4 ofthe biology section.
A second embodiment ofthe third aspect ofthe present invention is a method for treating mammals infected with a virus, wherein said virus is HIV, comprising administering to said mammal an antiviral effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
A third embodiment ofthe third aspect ofthe present invention is a method for treating mammals infected with a virus, such as HIV, comprising administering to said mammal an antiviral effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an antiviral effective amount of an AIDS treatment agent selected from the group consisting of: (a) an AIDS antiviral agent; (b) an anti-infective agent; (c) an immunomodulator; and (d) HIV entry inhibitors.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Since the compounds ofthe present invention, may possess asymmetric centers and therefore occur as mixtures of diastereomers and enantiomers, the present invention includes the individual diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric forms ofthe compounds of Formula I in addition to the mixtures thereof.
DEFINITIONS
The term "C alkyl" as used herein and in the claims (unless specified otherwise) mean straight or branched chain alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, amyl, hexyl and the like.
"Halogen" refers to chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine.
An "aryl" group refers to an all carbon monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic (i.e., rings which share adjacent pairs of carbon atoms) groups having a completely conjugated pi-electron system. Examples, without limitation, of aryl groups are phenyl, napthalenyl and anthracenyl. The aryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted the substituted group(s) is preferably one or more selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, C-amido, N-amido, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalomethyl, ureido, amino and -NRxRy, wherein Rx ndRy are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, carbonyl, C-carboxy, sulfonyl, trihalomethyl, and, combined, a five- or six-member heteroalicyclic ring.
As used herein, a "heteroaryl" group refers to a monocyclic or fused ring (i.e., rings which share an adjacent pair of atoms) group having in the ring(s) one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and, in addition, having a completely conjugated pi-electron system. It should be noted that the term heteroaryl is intended to encompass an N-oxide ofthe parent heteroaryl if such an N-oxide is chemically feasible as is known in the art. Examples, without limitation, of heteroaryl groups are furyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, purinyl, carbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, pyrazinyl. diazinyl, pyrazine, triazinyltriazine, tetrazinyl, and tetrazolyl. When substituted the substituted group(s) is preferably one or more selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, C- amido, N-amido, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalomethyl, ureido, amino, and -NR Ry, wherein RxandRy are as defined above.
As used herein, a "heteroalicyclic" group refers to a monocyclic or fused ring group having in the ring(s) one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The rings may also have one or more double bonds. However, the rings do not have a completely conjugated pi-electron system. Examples, without limitation, of heteroalicyclic groups are azetidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, imidazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, 3-pyrrolidin-l-yl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl and tetrahydropyranyl. When substituted the substituted group(s) is preferably one or more selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N- thiocarbamyl, C-amido, C-thioamido, N-amido, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonyl, silyl, guanyl, guanidino, ureido, phosphonyl, amino and -NRxRy, wherein RxandRy are as defined above.
An "alkyl" group refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon including straight chain and branched chain groups. Preferably, the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms (whenever a numerical range; e.g., "1-20", is stated herein, it means that the group, in this case the alkyl group may contain 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, etc. up to and including 20 carbon atoms). More preferably, it is a medium size alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Most preferably, it is a lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more individually selected from trihaloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halo, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N-carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, C-thioamido, N-amido, C-carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonyl, and combined, a five- or six- member heteroalicyclic ring.
A "cycloalkyl" group refers to an all-carbon monocyclic or fused ring (i.e., rings which share and adjacent pair of carbon atoms) group wherein one or more rings does not have a completely conjugated pi-electron system. Examples, without limitation, of cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclopentene, cyclohexane, cyclohexadiene, cycloheptane, cycloheptatriene and adamantane. A cycloalkyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more individually selected from alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroarylloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halo, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, O-carbamyl, N- carbamyl, O-thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-amido, C-thioamido, N-amido, C- carboxy, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, trihalo- methanesulfonamido, trihalomethanesulfonyl, silyl, guanyl, guanidino, ureido, phosphonyl, amino and - NR Ry with Rx and Ry as defined above.
An "alkenyl" group refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, consisting of at least two carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond. An "alkynyl" group refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, consisting of at least two carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
A "hydroxy" group refers to an -OH group.
An "alkoxy" group refers to both an -O-alkyl and an -O-cycloalkyl group as defined herein.
An "aryloxy" group refers to both an -O-aryl and an -O-heteroaryl group, as defined herein.
A "heteroaryloxy" group refers to a heteroaryl-O- group with heteroaryl as defined herein.
A "heteroalicycloxy" group refers to a heteroalicyclic-O- group with heteroalicyclic as defined herein.
A "thiohydroxy" group refers to an -SH group.
A "thioalkoxy" group refers to both an S-alkyl and an -S-cycloalkyl group, as defined herein.
A "thioaryloxy" group refers to both an -S-aryl and an -S-heteroaryl group, as defined herein.
A "thioheteroaryloxy" group refers to a heteroaryl-S- group with heteroaryl as defined herein.
A "thioheteroalicycloxy" group refers to a heteroalicyclic-S- group with heteroalicyclic as defined herein.
A "carbonyl" group refers to a -C(=O)-R" group, where R" is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl (bonded through a ring carbon) and heteroalicyclic (bonded through a ring carbon), as each is defined herein.
An "aldehyde" group refers to a carbonyl group where R" is hydrogen. A "thiocarbonyl" group refers to a -C(=S)-R" group, with R" as defined herein.
A "Keto" group refers to a -CC(=O)C- group wherein the carbon on either or both sides ofthe C=O may be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or a carbon of a heteroaryl or heteroaliacyclic group.
A "trihalomethanecarbonyl" group refers to a Z3CC(=O)- group with said Z being a halogen.
A "C-carboxy" group refers to a -C(=O)O-R" groups, with R" as defined herein.
An "O-carboxy" group refers to a R"C(-O)O-group, with R" as defined herein.
A "carboxylic acid" group refers to a C-carboxy group in which R" is hydrogen.
A "trihalomethyl" group refers to a -CZ3, group wherein Z is a halogen group as defined herein.
A "trihalomethanesulfonyl" group refers to an Z3CS(=O)2- groups with Z as defined above.
A "trihalomethanesulfonamido" group refers to a Z3CS(=O)2NRx- group with Z and Rx as defined herein.
A "sulfinyl" group refers to a -S(=O)-R" group, with R" as defined herein and, in addition, as a bond only; i.e., -S(O)-.
A "sulfonyl" group refers to a -S(=O)2R" group with R" as defined herein and, in addition as a bond only; i.e., -S(O)2-.
A "S-sulfonamido" group refers to a -S(=O)2NRxRY, with Rx and Rγ as defined herein. A "N-Sulfonamido" group refers to a R"S(=O)2NRx- group with R* as defined herein.
A "O-carbamyl" group refers to a -OC(=O)NRxRy as defined herein.
A "N-carbamyl" group refers to a ROC(=O)NRy group, with Rx and Ry as defined herein.
A "O-thiocarbamyl" group refers to a -OC(=S)NRxRy group with R and Ry as defined herein.
A "N-thiocarbamyl" group refers to a ROC(=S)NRy- group with Rx and Ry as defined herein.
An "amino" group refers to an -NH2 group.
A "C-amido" group refers to a -C(=O)NRxRy group with Rx and Ry as defined herein.
A "C-thioamido" group refers to a -C(=S)NRxRy group, with Rx and Ry as defined herein.
A "N-amido" group refers to a RxC(=O)NRy- group, with Rx and Ry as defined herein.
An "ureido" group refers to a -NRxC(=O)NRyRy2 group with Rx and Ry as defined herein and Ry2 defined the same as Rx and Ry.
A "guanidino" group refers to a -RxNC(=N)NR Ry2 group, with Rx, Ry and Ry2 as defined herein.
A "guanyl" group refers to a RxRyNC(=N)- group, with Rx and Rγ as defined herein.
A "cyano" group refers to a -CN group.
A "silyl" group refers to a -Si(R")3, with R" as defined herein. A "phosphonyl" group refers to a P(=O)(ORx)2 with Rx as defined herein.
A "hydrazino" group refers to a -NR' yRy2 group with Rx, Ry and Ry2 as defined herein.
Any two adjacent R groups may combine to form an additional aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic ring fused to the ring initially bearing those R groups.
It is known in the art that nitogen atoms in heteroaryl systems can be
"participating in a heteroaryl ring double bond", and this refers to the form of double bonds in the two tautomeric structures which comprise five-member ring heteroaryl groups. This dictates whether nitrogens can be substituted as well understood by chemists in the art. The disclosure and claims ofthe present invention are based on the known general principles of chemical bonding. It is understood that the claims do not encompass structures known to be unstable or not able to exist based on the literature.
Physiologically acceptable salts and prodrugs of compounds disclosed herein are within the scope of this invention. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" as used herein and in the claims is intended to include nontoxic base addition salts. Suitable salts include those derived from organic and inorganic acids such as, without limitation, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, sulfinic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sorbic acid, aconitic acid, salicylic acid, phthalic acid, and the like. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" as used herein is also intended to include salts of acidic groups, such as a carboxylate, with such counterions as ammonium, alkali metal salts, particularly sodium or potassium, alkaline earth metal salts, particularly calcium or magnesium, and salts with suitable organic bases such as lower alkylamines (methylamine, ethylamine, cyclohexylamine, and the like) or with substituted lower alkylamines (e.g. hydroxyl-substituted alkylamines such as diethanolamine, triethanolamine or tris(hydroxymethyι)~ aminomethane), or with bases such as piperidine or morpholine.
In the method of the present invention, the term "antiviral effective amount" means the total amount of each active component ofthe method that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient benefit, i.e., healing of acute conditions characterized by inhibition ofthe HIV infection. When applied to an individual active ingredient, administered alone, the term refers to that ingredient alone. When applied to a combination, the term refers to combined amounts ofthe active ingredients that result in the therapeutic effect, whether administered in combination, serially or simultaneously. The terms "treat, treating, treatment" as used herein and in the claims means preventing or ameliorating diseases associated with HIV infection.
The present invention is also directed to combinations ofthe compounds with one or more agents useful in the treatment of AIDS. For example, the compounds of this invention may be effectively administered, whether at periods of pre-exposure and/or post-exposure, in combination with effective amounts ofthe AIDS antivirals, immunomodulators, antiinfectives, or vaccines, such as those in the following table.
ANTIVIRALS
Drug Name Manufacturer Indication
097 Hoechst/Bayer HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor)
Amprenivir Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, 141 W94 AIDS, ARC G 141 (protease inhibitor)
Abacavir (1592U89) Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, GW 1592 AIDS, ARC (RT inhibitor)
Acemannan Carrington Labs ARC (Irving, TX)
Acyclovir Burroughs Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, in combination with AZT
AD-439 Tanox Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS, ARC AD-519 Tanox Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS, ARC
Adefovir dipivoxil Gilead Sciences HIV infection AL-721 Ethigen ARC, PGL
(Los Angeles, CA) HIV positive, AIDS
Alpha Interferon Glaxo Wellcome Kaposi's sarcoma, HIV in combination w/Retrovir
Ansamycin Adria Laboratories ARC
LM 427 (Dublin, OH) Erbamont (Stamford, CT)
Antibody which Advanced Biotherapy AIDS, ARC Neutralizes pH Concepts Labile alpha aberrant (Rockville, MD) Interferon
AR177 Aronex Pharm HIV infection, AIDS, ARC
Beta-fluoro-ddA Nat'l Cancer Institute AIDS-associated diseases
BMS-232623 Bristol-Myers Squibb/ HIV infection, (CGP-73547) Novartis AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor)
BMS-234475 Bristol-Myers Squibb/ HIV infection, (CGP-61755) Novartis AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor)
CI-1012 Warner-Lambert HIV-1 infection
Cidofovir Gilead Science CMV retinitis, herpes, papillomavirus
Curdlan sulfate AJI Pharma USA HIV infection
Cytomegalovirus Medlmmune CMV retinitis Immune globin Cytovene Syntex Sight threatening
Ganciclovir CMV peripheral CMV retinitis
Delaviridine Pharmacia-Upj ohn HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (RT inhibitor)
Dextran Sulfate Ueno Fine Chem. AIDS, ARC, HIV Ind. Ltd. (Osaka, positive Japan) asymptomatic
ddC Hoffman-La Roche HIV infection, AIDS, Dideoxycytidine ARC
ddl Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS, Dideoxyinosine ARC; combination with AZT/d4T
DMP-450 AVID HIV infection, (Camden, NJ) AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor)
Efavirenz DuPont Merck HIV infection, (DMP 266) AIDS, ARC (-)6-Chloro-4-(S)- (non-nucleoside RT cyclopropylethynyl- inhibitor) 4(S)-trifluoro- methyl-1 ,4-dihydro- 2H-3 , 1 -benzoxazin- 2-one, STOCRINE
EL10 Elan Corp, PLC HIV infection (Gainesville, GA)
Famciclovir Smith Kline herpes zoster, herpes simplex FTC Emory University HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
GS 840 Gilead HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
HBY097 Hoechst Marion HIV infection, Roussel AIDS, ARC (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
Hypericin VIMRx Pharm. HIV infection, AIDS, ARC
Recombinant Human Triton Biosciences AIDS, Kaposi's Interferon Beta (Almeda, CA) sarcoma, ARC
Interferon alfa-n3 Interferon Sciences ARC, AIDS
Indinavir Merck HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, asymptomatic HIV positive, also in combination with AZT/ddl/ddC
ISIS 2922 ISIS Pharmaceuticals CMV retinitis
KNI-272 Nat'l Cancer Institute HIV-assoc. diseases
Lamivudine, 3TC Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (reverse transcriptase inhibitor); also with AZT
Lobucavir Bristol-Myers Squibb CMV infection Nelfinavir Agouron HIV infection, Pharmaceuticals AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor)
Nevirapine Boeheringer HIV infection, Ingleheim AIDS, ARC (RT inhibitor)
Novapren Novaferon Labs, Inc. HIV inhibitor (Akron, OH)
Peptide T Peninsula Labs AIDS Octapeptide (Belmont, CA) Sequence
Trisodium Astra Pharm. CMV retinitis, HIV Phosphonoformate Products, Inc. infection, other CMV infections
PNU-140690 Pharmacia Upjohn HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor)
Probucol Vyrex HIV infection, AIDS
RBC-CD4 Sheffield Med. HIV infection, Tech (Houston, TX) AIDS, ARC
Ritonavir Abbott HIV infection, AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor)
Saq uinavir Hoffmann- HIV infection, LaRoche AIDS, ARC (protease inhibitor)
Stavudine; d4T Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS, Didehydrodeoxy- ARC thymidine
Valaciclovir Glaxo Wellcome Genital HSV & CMV infections Virazole Viratek/ICN asymptomatic HIV Ribavirin (Costa Mesa, CA) positive, LAS, ARC
VX-478 Vertex HIV infection, AIDS, ARC
Zalcitabine Hoffmann-LaRoche HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, with AZT
Zidovudine; AZT Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS,
ARC, Kaposi's sarcoma, in combination with other therapies
IMMUNOMODULATORS
Drug Name Manufacturer Indication
AS-101 Wyeth-Ayerst AIDS
Bropirimine Pharmacia Upjohn Advanced AIDS
Acemannan Carrington Labs, Inc. AIDS, ARC (Irving, TX)
CL246,738 American Cyanamid AIDS, Kaposi's Lederle Labs sarcoma
EL10 Elan Corp, PLC HIV infection (Gainesville, GA)
FP-21399 Fuki ImmunoPharm Blocks HIV fusion with CD4+ cells Gamma Interferon Genentech ARC, in combination w/TNF (tumor necrosis factor)
Granulocyte Genetics Institute AIDS Macrophage Colony Sandoz Stimulating Factor
Granulocyte Hoechst-Roussel AIDS Macrophage Colony Immunex Stimulating Factor
Granulocyte Schering-Plough AIDS, Macrophage Colony combination Stimulating Factor w/AZT
HIV Core Particle Rorer Seropositive HIV Immunostimulant
IL-2 Cetus AIDS, in combination Interleukin-2 w/AZT
IL-2 Hoffman-LaRoche AIDS, ARC, HIV, in Interleukin-2 Immunex combination w/AZT
IL-2 Chiron AIDS, increase in
Interleukin-2 CD4 cell counts
(aldeslukin)
Immune Globulin Cutter Biological Pediatric AIDS, in
Intravenous (Berkeley, CA) combination w/AZT
(human)
IMREG-1 Imreg AIDS, Kaposi's
(New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL
IMREG-2 Imreg AIDS, Kaposi's
(New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL
Imuthiol Diethyl Merieux Institute AIDS, ARC Dithio Carbamate
Alρha-2 Schering Plough Kaposi's sarcoma Interferon w/AZT, AIDS Methionine- TNI Pharmaceutical AIDS, ARC Enkephalin (Chicago, IL)
MTP-PE Ciba-Geigy Corp. Kaposi's sarcoma Muramyl-Tripeptide
Granulocyte Amgen AIDS, in combination Colony Stimulating w/AZT Factor
Remune Immune Response Immunotherapeutic Corp.
rCD4 Genentech AIDS, ARC
Recombinant Soluble Human CD4
rCD4-IgG AIDS, ARC hybrids
Recombinant Biogen AIDS, ARC Soluble Human CD4
Interferon Hoffman-La Roche Kaposi's sarcoma Alfa 2a AIDS, ARC, in combination w/AZT
SK&F106528 Smith Kline HIV infection Soluble T4
Thymopentin Immunobiology HIV infection Research Institute (Annandale, NJ)
Tumor Necrosis Genentech ARC, in combination Factor; TNF w/gamma Interferon ANTI-ΓNFECTIVES
Drug Name Manufacturer Indication
Clindamycin with Pharmacia Upjohn PCP Primaquine
Fluconazole Pfizer Cryptococcal meningitis, candidiasis
Pastille Squibb Corp. Prevention of Nystatin Pastille oral candidiasis
Ornidyl Merrell Dow PCP
Eflornithine
Pentamidine LyphoMed PCP treatment
Isethionate (IM & IN) (Rosemont, IL)
Trimethoprim Antibacterial
Trimethoprim/sulfa Antibacterial
Piritrexim Burroughs Wellcome PCP treatment
Pentamidine Fisons Corporation PCP prophylaxis Isethionate for Inhalation
Spiramycin Rhone-Poulenc Cryptosporidial diarrhea
Intraconazole- Janssen-Pharm. Histoplasmosis; R51211 cryptococcal meningitis
Trimetrexate Warner-Lambert PCP Daunorubicin NeXstar, Sequus Kaposi's sarcoma
Recombinant Human Ortho Pharm. Corp. Severe anemia
Erythropoietin assoc. with AZT therapy
Recombinant Human Serono AIDS-related
Growth Hormone wasting, cachexia
Megestrol Acetate Bristol-Myers Squibb Treatment of anorexia assoc. W/AIDS
Testosterone Alza, Smith Kline AIDS-related wasting
Total Enteral Norwich Eaton Diarrhea and Nutrition Pharmaceuticals malabsorption related to AIDS
Additionally, the compounds ofthe invention herein may be used in combination with another class of agents for treating AIDS which are called HIV entry inhibitors. Examples of such HIV entry inhibitors are discussed in DRUGS OF THE FUTURE 1999, 24(12), pp. 1355-1362; CELL, Vol. 9, pp. 243-246, Oct. 29, 1999; and DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY, Vol. 5, No. 5, May 2000, pp. 183-194.
It will be understood that the scope of combinations of he compounds of this invention with AIDS antivirals, immunomodulators, anti-infectives, HIV entry inhibitors or vaccines is not limited to the list in the above Table, but includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment of AIDS.
Preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of with a compound ofthe present invention and an inhibitor of HIV protease and/or a non- nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase. An optional fourth component in the combination is a nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase, such as AZT, 3TC, ddC or ddl. A preferred inhibitor of HIV protease is indinavir, which is the sulfate salt of N-(2(R)-hydroxy- 1 -(S)-indanyl)-2(R)-phenylmethyl-4-(S)-hydroxy-5- (l-(4-(3-pyridyl-methyl)-2(S)-N'-(t-butylcarboxamido)-piperazinyl))-pentaneamide ethanolate, and is synthesized according to U.S. 5,413,999. Indinavir is generally administered at a dosage of 800 mg three times a day. Other preferred protease inhibitors are nelfinavir and ritonavir. Another preferred inhibitor of HIV protease is saquinavir which is administered in a dosage of 600 or 1200 mg tid. Preferred non- nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase include efavirenz. The preparation of ddC, ddl and AZT are also described in EPO 0,484,071. These combinations may have unexpected effects on limiting the spread and degree of infection of HIV. Preferred combinations include those with the following (1) indinavir with efavirenz, and, optionally, AZT and/or 3TC and/or ddl and/or ddC; (2) indinavir, and any of AZT and/or ddl and/or ddC and/or 3TC, in particular, indinavir and AZT and 3TC; (3) stavudine and 3TC and/or zidovudine; (4) zidovudine and lamivudine and 141 W94 and 1592U89; (5) zidovudine and lamivudine.
In such combinations the compound ofthe present invention and other active agents may be administered separately or in conjunction. In addition, the administration of one element may be prior to, concurrent to, or subsequent to the administration of other agent(s).
The preparative procedures and anti-HIV-1 activity ofthe novel azaindole piperazine diamide analogs of Formula I are summarized below in Schemes 1-64.
Abbreviations
The following abbreviations, most of which are conventional abbreviations well known to those skilled in the art, are used throughout the description ofthe invention and the examples. Some ofthe abbreviations used are as follows:
h = hour(s) rt = room temperature mol = mole(s) mmol = millimole(s) g = gram(s) mg = milligram(s) mL = milliliter(s)
TFA = Trifluoroacetic Acid DCE 1 ,2-Dichloroethane
CH2C12 Dichloromethane
TPAP tetrapropylammonium perruthenate
THF Tetrahydofuran
DEPBT 3-(Diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-l,2,3-benzotriazm~4(3H)- one
DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine P-EDC Polymer supported l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide
EDC l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide
DMF N N-dimethy lformamide
Hunig's Base N N-Diisopropy lethylamine mCPBA weto-Chloroperbenzoic Acid azaindole 1 H-Pyrrolo-pyridine
4-azaindole 1 H-pyrrolo [3 ,2-b]pyridine
5 -azaindole 1 H-Pyrrolo [3 ,2-c]pyridine
6-azaindole 1 H-pyrrolo [2,3 -cjpyridine
7-azaindole 1 H-Pyrrolo [2,3 -b]pyridine
PMB 4-Methoxybenzyl
DDQ 2, 3-Dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-l, 4-benzoquinone
OTf Trifluoromethanesulfonoxy
NMM 4-Methylmorpholine
PIP-COPh 1 -Benzoylpiperazine
NaHMDS Sodium hexamethyldisilazide
EDAC 1 -(3 -Dimethy laminopropyl)-3 -ethylcarbodumide
TMS Trimethylsilyl
DCM Dichloromethane
DCE Dichloroethane MeOH Methanol
THF Tetrahrdrofuran
EtOAc Ethyl Acetate
LDA Lithium diisopropylamide
TMP-Li 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl lithium
DME Dimethoxyethane
DIBALH Diisobutylaluminum hydride
HOBT 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole
CBZ Benzyloxycarbonyl
PCC Pyridinium chlorochromate
Chemistry
The present invention comprises compounds of Formula I, their pharmaceutical formulations, and their use in patients suffering from or susceptible to HIN infection. The compounds of Formula I include pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
General procedures to construct substituted azaindole piperazine diamides of Formula I and intermediates useful for their synthesis are described in the following Schemes. Scheme 1
Figure imgf000056_0001
Figure imgf000056_0002
Step A in Scheme 1 depicts the synthesis of an aza indole intermediate, 2, via the well known Bartoli reaction in which vinyl magnesium bromide reacts with an aryl or heteroaryl nitro group, such as in 1, to form a five-membered nitrogen containing ring as shown. Some references for the above transformation include: Bartoli et al. a) Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 2129. b) J Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1991, 2757. c) J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II 1991, 657. d) Synthesis (1999), 1594. In the preferred procedure, a solution of vinyl Magnesium bromide in THF (typically 1.OM but from 0.25 to 3.0M) is added dropwise to a solution ofthe nitro pyridine in
THF at -78° under an inert atmosphere of either nitrogen or Argon. After addition is completed, the reaction temperature is allowed to warm to -20° and then is stirred for approximately 12h before quenching with 20% aq ammonium chloride solution. The reaction is extracted with ethyl acetate and then worked up in a typical manner using a drying agent such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate. Products are generally purified using chromatography over Silica gel. Best results are generally achieved using freshly prepared vinyl Magnesium bromide. In some cases, vinyl Magnesium chloride may be substituted for vinyl Magnesium bromide.
Substituted azaindoles may be prepared by methods described in the literature or may be available from commercial sources. Thus there are many methods for carrying out step A in the literature and the specific examples are too numerous to even list. Alternative syntheses of aza indoles and general methods for carrying out step A include, but are not limited to, those described in the following references (a-k below): a) Prokopov, A. A.; Yakhontov, L. 1 [. Khim. -Farm. Zh. 1994, 28(7), 30- 51; b) Lablache-Combier, A. Heteroaromatics. Photoinduced Electron Transfer 1988, Pt. C, 134-312; c) Saify, Zafar Said. Pak. J. Pharmacol. 1986, 2(2), 43-6; d) Bisagni, E. Jerusalem Symp. Quantum Chem. Biochem. 1972, 4, 439-45; e) Yakhontov, L. N. Usp. Khim. 1968, 37(7), 1258-87; f) Willette, R. E. Advan. Heterocycl. Chem. 1968, 9, 27-105; g) Mahadevan, I.; Rasmussen, M. Tetrahedron 1993, 49(33), 7337-52; h) Mahadevan, I.; Rasmussen, M. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1992, 29(2), 359-67; i) Spivey, A. C; Fekner, T.; Spey, S. E.; Adams, H. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64(26), 9430-9443; j) Spivey, A.C.; Fekner, T.; Adams, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39(48), 8919-8922; k) Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry (Academic press) 1991, Vol. 52, pg 235-236 and references therein.
Step B. Intermediate 3 can be prepared by reaction of aza-indole, intermediate 2, with an excess of ClCOCOOMe in the presence of A1C13 (aluminum chloride) (Sycheva et al, Ref. 26, Sycheva, T.N.; Rubtsov, Ν.M.; Sheinker, Yu.N.; Yakhontov, L.N. Some reactions of 5-cyano-6-chloro-7-azaindoles and lactam- lactim tautomerism in 5-cyano-6-hydroxy-7-azaindolines. Khim. Geterotsikl.
Soedin., 1987, 100-106). Typically an inert solvent such as CH2C12 is used but others such as THF, Et2O, DCE, dioxane, benzene, or toluene may find applicability either alone or in mixtures. Other oxalate esters such as ethyl or benzyl mono esters of oxalic acid could also suffice for either method shown above. More lipophilic esters ease isolation during aqueous extractions. Phenolic or substituted phenolic (such as pentafluorophenol) esters enable direct coupling ofthe HW(C=O)A group, such as a piperazine, in Step D without activation. Lewis acid catalysts, such as tin tetrachloride, titanium IN chloride, and aluminum chloride are employed in Step B with aluminum chloride being most preferred. Alternatively, the azaindole is treated with a Grignard reagent such as MeMgl (methyl magnesium iodide), methyl magnesium bromide or ethyl magnesium bromide and a zinc halide, such as ZnCl2 (zinc chloride) or zinc bromide, followed by the addition of an oxalyl chloride mono ester, such as ClCOCOOMe (methyl chlorooxoacetate) or another ester as above, to afford the aza-indole glyoxyl ester (Shadrina et al, Ref. 25). Oxalic acid esters such as methyl oxalate, ethyl oxalate or as above are used. Aprotic solvents such as CH2C12, EtjO, benzene, toluene, DCE, or the like may be used alone or in combination for this sequence. In addition to the oxalyl chloride mono esters, oxalyl chloride itself may be reacted with the azaindole and then further reacted with an appropriate amine, such as a piperazine derivative (See Scheme 52, for example).
Step C. Hydrolysis ofthe methyl ester, (intermediate 3, Scheme 1) affords a potassium salt of intermediate 4, which is coupled with mono-benzoylated piperazine derivatives as shown in Step D of Scheme 1. Some typical conditions employ methanolic or ethanolic sodium hydroxide followed by careful acidification with aqueous hydrochloric acid of varying molarity but IM HCI is preferred. The acidification is not utilized in many cases as described above for the preferred conditions. Lithium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide could also be employed and varying amounts of water could be added to the alcohols. Propanols or butanols could also be used as solvents. Elevated temperatures up to the boiling points ofthe solvents may be utilized if ambient temperatures do not suffice. Alternatively, the hydrolysis may be carried out in a non polar solvent such as CH2C12 or THF in the presence of Triton B. Temperatures of -78 °C to the boiling point ofthe solvent may be employed but -10 °C is preferred. Other conditions for ester hydrolysis are listed in reference 41 and both this reference and many ofthe conditions for ester hydrolysis are well known to chemists of average skill in the art.
Alternative procedures for step B and C: Imidazolium Chloroaluminate:
We found that ionic liquid 1 -alky 1-3 -alky limidazolium chloroaluminate is generally useful in promoting the Friedel-Crafts type acylation of indoles and azaindoles. The ionic liquid is generated by mixing l-alkyl-3 -alky limidazolium chloride with aluminium chloride at room temperature with vigorous stirring. 1:2 or 1:3 molar ratio of l-alkyl-3 -alkylimidazolium chloride to aluminium chloride is preferred. One particular useful imidazolium chloroaluminate for the acylation of azaindole with methyl or ethyl chlorooxoacetate is the l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate. The reaction is typically performed at ambient temperature and the azaindoleglyoxyl ester can be isolated. More conveniently, we found that the glyoxyl ester can be hydrolyzed in situ at ambient temperature on prolonged reaction time (typically overnight) to give the corresponding glyoxyl acid for amide formation (Scheme 1).
Scheme 1
Figure imgf000059_0001
A representative experimental procedure is as follows: l-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride (2 equiv.; purchased from TCI; weighted under a stream of nitrogen) was stirred in an oven-dried round bottom flask at r.t. under a nitrogen atmosphere, and added aluminium chloride (6 equiv.; anhydrous powder packaged under argon in ampules purchased from Aldrich preferred; weighted under a stream of nitrogen). The mixture was vigorously stirred to form a liquid, which was then added azaindole (1 equiv.) and stirred until a homogenous mixture resulted. The reaction mixture was added dropwise ethyl or methyl chlorooxoacetate (2 equiv.) and then stirred at r.t. for 16 h. After which time, the mixture was cooled in an ice-water bath and the reaction quenched by carefully adding excess water. The precipitates were filtered, washed with water and dried under high vacuum to give the azaindoleglyoxyl acid. For some examples, 3 equivalents of l-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium chloride and chlorooxoacetate may be required.
Related references: (1) Welton, T. Chem Rev. 1999, 99, 2071; (2) Surette, J. K. D.; Green, L.; Singer, R. D. Chem. Commun. 1996, 2753; (3) Saleh, R. Y. WO 0015594.
Step D. The acid intermediate, 4, from step C of Scheme 1 is coupled with an amine A(C=O)WH preferably in the presence of DEPBT (3- (diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-l,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one) and NN- diisopropylethylamine, commonly known as Ηunig's base, to provide azaindole piperazine diamides. DEPBT was prepared according to the procedure of Ref. 28, Li, Η.; Jiang, X.; Ye, Y.-Η.; Fan, C; Romoff, T.; Goodman, M. Organic Lett., 1999, 1, 91-93. Typically an inert solvent such as DMF or TΗF is used but other aprotic solvents could be used. The group W as referred to herein is
Figure imgf000060_0001
The amide bond construction reaction could be carried out using the preferred conditions described above, the EDC conditions described below, other coupling conditions described in this application, or alternatively by applying the conditions or coupling reagents for amide bond construction described later in this application for construction of substituents R R4. Some specific nonlimiting examples are given in this application.
The mono-substituted piperazine derivatives can be prepared according to well established procedures such as those described by Desai et al, Ref. 27(a), Adamczyk et al, Ref. 27(b), Rossen et al, Ref. 27(c), and Wang et al, 27(d).
Additional procedures for synthesizing, modifying and attaching groups : (C=O)ra-WC(O)-A are contained in PCT WO 00/71535.
Scheme 2
Figure imgf000061_0001
6 7
Figure imgf000061_0002
Figure imgf000061_0003
Scheme 2 provides a more specific example ofthe transformations previously described in Scheme 1. Intermediates 6-10 are prepared by the methodologies as described for intermediates la-5a in Scheme 1. Scheme 2A is another embodiment of the transformations described in Schemes 1 and 2. Conversion of the phenol to the chloride (Step S, Scheme 2A) may be accomplished according to the procedures described in Reimann, E.; Wichmann, P.; Hoefner, G.; Sci. Pharm. 1996, 64(3), 637- 646; and Katritzky, A.R.; Rachwal, S.; Smith, T.P.; Steel, P.J.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1995, 32(3), 979-984. Step T of Scheme 2A can be carried out as described for Step A of Scheme 1. The bromo intermediate can then be converted into alkoxy, chloro, or fluoro intermediates as shown in Step U of Scheme 2A. Scheme 2A describes the preferred method for preparing intermediate 6c or other closely related compounds containing a 4 methoxy group in the 6-azaindole system. When step U is the conversion ofthe bromide into alkoxy derivatives, the conversion may be carried out by reacting the bromide with an excess of sodium methoxide in methanol with cuprous salts, such as copper I bromide, copper I iodide, and copper I cyanide. The temperature may be carried out at temperatures of between ambient and 175° but most likely will be around 115°C or 100°C. The reaction may be run in a pressure vessel or sealed tube to prevent escape of volatiles such as methanol. The preferred conditions utilize 3eq of sodium methoxide in methanol, CuBr as the reaction catalyst (0.2 to 3 equivalents with the preferred being 1 eq or less) , and a reaction temperature of 115° C. The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube or sealed reaction vessel. The conversion ofthe bromide into alkoxy derivatives may also be carried out according to procedures described in Palucki, M.; Wolfe, J.P.; Buchwald, S.L.; J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 1997, 119(14), 3395-3396; Yamato, T.; Komine, M.; Nagano, Y.; Org. Rrep. Proc. Int. 1997, 29(3), 300-303; Rychnovsky, S.D.; Hwang, K.; J. Org. Chem.
1994, 59(18), 5414-5418. Conversion ofthe bromide to the fluoro derivative (Step U,
Scheme 2A) may be accomplished according to Antipin, I.S.; Vigalok, A.I.;
Konovalov, A.I.; Zh. Org. Khim. 1991, 27(7), 1577-1577; and Uchibori, Y.; Umeno,
M.; Seto, H.; Qian, Z.; Yoshioka, H.; Synlett. 1992, 4, 345-346. Conversion of the bromide to the chloro derivative (Step U, Scheme 2A) may be accomplished according to procedures described in Gilbert, E.J.; Van Vranken, D.L.; J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 1996, 118(23), 5500-5501; Mongin, F.; Mongin, O.; Trecourt, F.; Godard, A.;
Queguiner, G.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37(37), 6695-6698; and O'Connor, K.J.;
Burrows, C.J.; J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56(3), 1344-1346. Steps V, W and X of Scheme 2A are carried out according to the procedures previously described for Steps B, C, and D of Scheme 1, respectively. The steps of Scheme 2A may be carried out in a different order as shown in Scheme 2B and Scheme 2C.
Scheme 2A
Figure imgf000063_0001
DEPBT, (i-Pr)2NEt DMF
Figure imgf000064_0001
Figure imgf000065_0001
Scheme 3
Figure imgf000066_0001
Scheme 3 shows the synthesis of 4-azaindole derivatives lb-5b, 5 -azaindole derivatives lc-5c, and 7-azaindole derivatives ld-5d. The methods used to synthesize lb-5b, lc-5c, and ld-5d are the same methods described for the synthesis of la-5a as described in Scheme 1. It is understood, for the purposes of Scheme 3, that lb is used to synthesize 2b-5b, lc provides 2c-5c and Id provides 2d-5d. The compounds where there is a single carbonyl between the azaindole and group W can be prepared by the method of Kelarev, V. I.; Gasanov, S. Sh.; Karakhanov, R. A.; Polivin, Yu. N.; Kuatbekova, K. P.; Panina, M. E.; Zh. Org. Khim 1992, 28(12), 2561-2568. In this method azaindoles are reacted with trichloroacetyl chloride in pyridine and then subsequently with KOH in methanol to provide the 3- carbomethoxy azaindoles shown in Scheme 4 which can then be hydrolyzed to the acid and carried through the coupling sequence with HW(C=O)A to provide the compounds of Formula I wherein a single carbonyl links the azaindole moiety and group W.
Scheme 4
Figure imgf000067_0001
An alternative method for carrying out the sequence outlined in steps B-D (shown in Scheme 5) involves treating an azaindole, such as 11, obtained by procedures described in the literature or from commercial sources, with MeMgl and ZnCl2, followed by the addition of C1COCOC1 (oxalyl chloride) in either THF or Et2O to afford a mixture of a glyoxyl chloride azaindole, 12a, and an acyl chloride azaindole, 12b. The resulting mixture of glyoxyl chloride azaindole and acyl chloride azaindole is then coupled with mono-benzoylated piperazine derivatives under basic conditions to afford the products of step D as a mixture of compounds, 13a and 13b, where either one or two carbonyl groups link the azaindole and group W. Separation via chromatographic methods which are well known in the art provides the pure 13a and 13b. This sequence is summarized in Scheme 5, below. Scheme 5
Figure imgf000068_0001
13a and 13b n = 1 or 2
Scheme 6
Figure imgf000068_0002
Scheme 6 depicts a general method for modifying the substituent A. Coupling of H-W-C(O)OtBu using the conditions described previously for W in
Scheme 1, Step D provides Boc protected intermediate, 15. Intermediate 15 is then deprotected by treatment with an acid such as TFA, hydrochloric acid or formic acid using standard solvents or additives such as CH2C12 , dioxane, or anisole and temperatures between -78 °C and 100 °C. Other acids such as aq hydrochloric or perchloric may also be used for deprotection. Alternatively other nitrogen protecting groups on W such as Cbz or TROC, may be utilized and could be removed via hydrogenation or treatment with zinc respectively. A stable silyl protecting group such as phenyl dimethylsilyl could also be employed as a nitrogen protecting group on W and can be removed with fluoride sources such as tetrabutylammomum fluoride. Finally, the free amine is coupled to acid A-C(O)OH using standard amine- acid coupling conditions such as those used to attach group W or as shown below for amide formation on positions RrR4to provide compound 16.
Some specific examples of general methods for preparing functionalized azaindoles or for interconverting functionality on aza indoles which will be useful for preparing the compounds of this invention are shown in the following sections for illustrative purposes. It should be understood that this invention covers substituted 4, 5, 6, and 7 azaindoles and that the methodology shown below may be applicable to all of the above series while other shown below will be specific to one or more. A typical practioner of the art can make this distinction when not specifically delineated. Many methods are intended to be applicable to all the series, particularly functional group installations or interconversions. For example, a general strategy for providing further functionality of this invention is to position or install a halide such as bromo, chloro, or iodo, aldehyde, cyano, or a carboxy group on the azaindole and then to convert that functionality to the desired compounds. In particular, conversion to substituted heteroaryl, aryl, and amide groups on the ring are of particular interest.
General routes for functionalizing azaindole rings are shown in Schemes 7, 8 and 9. As depicted in Scheme 7, the azaindole, 17, can be oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide derivative, 18, by using mCPBA (meta-Chloroperbenzoic Acid) in acetone or DMF (eq. 1, Harada et al, Ref. 29 and Antonini et al, Ref. 34). The N-oxide, 18, can be converted to a variety of substituted azaindole derivatives by using well documented reagents such as phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) (eq. 2, Schneller et al, Ref. 30), tetramethylammonium fluoride (Me4ΝF) (eq. 3), Grignard reagents RMgX (R = alkyl or aryl, X = Cl, Br or I) (eq. 4, Shiotani et al, Ref. 31), trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) (eq. 5, Minakata et al, Ref. 32) or Ac2O (eq. 6, Klemm et al, Ref. 33). Under such conditions, a chlorine (in 19), fluorine (in 20), nitrile (in 22), alkyl (in 21), aromatic (in 21) or hydroxyl group (in 24) can be introduced to the pyridine ring. Nitration of azaindole N-oxides results in introduction of a nitro group to azaindole ring, as shown in Scheme 8 (eq. 7, Antonini et al, Ref. 34). The nitro group can subsequently be displaced by a variety of nucleophilic agents, such as OR, ΝR!R2 or SR, in a well established chemical fashion (eq. 8, Regnouf De Nains et al, Ref. 35(a), Miura et al, Ref. 35(b), Profft et al, Ref. 35(c)). The resulting Ν-oxides, 26, are readily reduced to the corresponding azaindole, 27, using phosphorus trichloride (PC13) (eq. 9, Antonini et al, Ref .34 and Νesi et al, Ref. 36). Similarly, nitro-substituted N-oxide, 25, can be reduced to the azaindole, 28, using phosphorus trichloride (eq. 10). The nitro group of compound 28 can be reduced to either a hydroxy lamine (ΝHOH), as in 29, (eq. 11, Walser et al, Ref. 37(a) and Barker et al, Ref. 37(b)) or an amino (ΝH2) group, as in 30, (eq. 12, Nesi et al , Ref. 36 and Ayyangar et al, Ref. 38) by carefully selecting different reducing conditions.
Scheme 7
Figure imgf000071_0001
Scheme 8
Figure imgf000072_0001
The alkylation of the nitrogen atom at position 1 of the azaindole derivatives can be achieved using NaH as the base, DMF as the solvent and an alkyl halide or sulfonate as alkylating agent, according to a procedure described in the literature (Mahadevan et al, Ref. 39) (Scheme 9).
Scheme 9
Figure imgf000072_0002
In the general routes for substituting the azaindole ring described above, each process can be applied repeatedly and combinations of these processes is permissible in order to provide azaindoles incorporating multiple substituents. The application of such processes provides additional compounds of Formula I.
Scheme 10
Figure imgf000073_0001
The synthesis of 4-aminoazaindoles which are useful precursors for 4, 5, and/or 7-substituted azaindoles is shown in Scheme 10 above. The synthesis of 3, 5-dinitro-4-methylpyridine, 32, is described in the following two references by Achremowicz et.al.: Achremowicz, Lucjan. Pr. Nauk. Inst. Chem. Org. Fiz. Politech. Wroclaw. 1982, 23, 3-128; Achremowicz, Lucjan. Synthesis 1975, 10, 653-4. In the first step of Scheme 10, the reaction with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in an inert solvent or neat under conditions for forming Batcho-Leimgruber precursors provides the cyclization precursor, 33, as shown. Although the step is anticipated to work as shown, the pyridine may be oxidized to the N-oxide prior to the reaction using a peracid such as MCPBA or a more potent oxidant like meta- trifluoromethyl or meta nitro peroxy benzoic acids. In the second step of Scheme 10, reduction ofthe nitro group using for example hydrogenation over Pd/C catalyst in a solvent such as MeOH, EtOH, or EtOAc provides the cyclized product, 34. Alternatively the reduction may be carried out using tin dichloride and HCI, hydrogenation over Raney nickel or other catalysts, or by using other methods for nitro reduction such as described elsewhere in this application.
The amino indole, 34, can now be converted to compounds of Formula I via, for example, diazotization of the amino group, and then conversion of the diazonium salt to the fluoride, chloride or alkoxy group. See the discussion of such conversions in the descriotions for Schemes 17 and 18. The conversion of the amino moiety into desired functionality could then be followed by installation ofthe oxoacetopiperazine moiety by the standard methodology described above. 5 or 7-substitution of the azaindole can arise from N-oxide formation at position 6 and subsequent conversion to the chloro via conditions such as POCl3 in chloroform, acetic anhydride followed by POCl3 in DMF, or alternatively TsCl in DMF. Literature references for these and other conditions are provided in some of the later Schemes in this application. The synthesis of 4-bromo-7-hydroxy or protected hydroxy-4-azaindole is described below as this is a useful precursor for 4 and/or 7 substituted 6-aza indoles.
The synthesis of 5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-nitro pyridine, 35, may be carried out as described in the following reference:Betageri, R.; Beaulieu, P.L.; Llinas-Brunet, M; Ferland, J.M.; Cardozo, M.; Moss, N.; Patel, U.; Proudfoot, J.R. PCT Int. Appl. WO 9931066, 1999. Intermediate 36 is prepared from 35 according to the method as described for Step 1 of Scheme 10. PG is an optional hydroxy protecting group such as triallylsilyl or the like. Intermediate 37 is then prepared from 36 by the selective reduction ofthe nitro group in the presence of bromide and subsequent cyclization as described in the second step of Scheme 10. Fe(OH)2 in DMF with catalytic tetrabutylammonium bromide can also be utilized for the reduction ofthe nitro group. The bromide may then be converted to fluoride via displacement with fluoride anions or to other substituents. The compounds are then converted to compounds of Formula I as above.
Scheme 11
Figure imgf000074_0001
An alternate method for preparing substituted 6-azaindoles is shown below in Schemes 12 and 13. It should be recognized that slight modifications of the route depicted below are possible. For example, acylation reactions of the 3 position of what will become the azaindole five membered ring, prior to aromatization of the azaindole, may be carried out in order to obtain higher yields. In addition to a para- methoxybenzyl group (PMB), a benzyl group can be carried through the sequence and removed during azaindole formation by using TsOH, p-Chloranil, in benzene as the oxidant if DDQ is not optimal. The benzyl intermediate, 38, has been described by Ziegler et al. in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95(22), 7458. The transformation of 38 to 40 is analogous to the transformation described in Heterocycles 1984, 22, 2313. Scheme 12
Figure imgf000075_0001
Scheme 13 describes various transformations of intermediate 40 which ultimately provide compounds of Formula I. The conversions of the phenol moiety to other functionality at position 4 (R2 position in Scheme 13) may be carried out by the following methods: 1) conversion of a phenol to methoxy group with silver oxide and Mel or diazomethane; 2) conversion of a phenolic hydroxy group to chloro using cat ZnCl2, and N,N dimethylaniline in CH2C12 or PC15 and POCl3 together; 3) conversion of a phenolic hydroxy group to fluoro using diethylarnine-SF3 as in Org.Prep. Proc. Int. 1992, 24(1), 55-57. The method described in EP 427603, 1991, using the chloroformate and HF will also be useful. Other transformations are possible. For example the phenol can be converted to a triflate by standard methods and used in coupling chemistries described later in this application.
Scheme 13
Figure imgf000075_0002
1) Ketone alkylation to install R3
2) DDQ oxidation to form azaindole
3) Transformation of-phenol (R2 = OH) into methyl ether, or Fluoro, chloro, etc
4) Use of C-7 directing group to functionalize at R or formation of N-oxide and POCI3 tomake R = chloro
5) Conversion to compounds of Formula I as above
Step E Scheme 14 depicts the nitration of an azaindole, 41, (R2 = H).
Numerous conditions for nitration of the azaindole may be effective and have been described in the literature. N2O5 in nitromethane followed by aqueous sodium bisulfite according to the method of Bakke, J. M.; Ranes, E.; Synthesis 1997, 3, 281- 283 could be utilized. Nitric acid in acetic may also be employed as described in Kimura, H.; Yotsuya, S.; Yuki, S.; Sugi, H.; Shigehara, I.; Haga, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1995, 43(10), 1696-1700. Sulfiiric acid followed by nitric acid may be employed as in Ruefenacht, K.; Kristinsson, H.; Mattern, G.; Helv Chim Acta 1976, 59, 1593. Coombes, R. G.; Russell, L. W.; J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans. 1 1974, 1751 describes the use of a Titatanium based reagent system for nitration. Other conditions for the nitration ofthe azaindole can be found in the following references: Lever, O.W.J.; Werblood, H. M.; Russell, R. K.; Synth. Comm. 1993, 23(9), 1315- 1320; Wozniak, M.; Van Der Plas, H. C; J. Heterocycl Chem. 1978, 15, 731.
Scheme 14
Figure imgf000076_0001
Scheme 15
Figure imgf000076_0002
LG = Cl, Br, I, OTf, OPO(Oalkyl)2
Step F
As shown above in Scheme 15, Step F, substituted azaindoles containing a chloride, bromide, iodide, triflate, or phosphonate undergo coupling reactions with a boronate (Suzuki type reactions) or a stannane to provide substituted azaindoles. Stannanes and boronates are prepared via standard literature procedures or as described in the experimental section of this application. The substitututed indoles may undergo metal mediated coupling to provide compounds of Formula I wherein R4 is aryl, heteroaryl, or heteroalicyclic for example. The bromoazaindole intermediates, (or azaindole triflates or iodides) may undergo Stille-type coupling with heteroarylstannanes as shown in Scheme 15. Conditions for this reaction are well known in the art and the following are three example references a) Farina, V.; Roth, G.P. Recent advances in the Stille reaction; Adv. Met.-Org. Chem. 1996, 5, 1- 53. b) Farina, V.; Krishnamurthy, V.; Scott, W.J. The Stille reaction ; Org. React. (N. Y.) 1997, 50, 1-652. and c) Stille, J. K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1986, 25, 508-524. Other references for general coupling conditions are also in the reference by Richard C. Larock Comprehensive Organic Transformations 2nd Ed. 1999, John Wiley and Sons New York. All of these references provide numerous conditions at the disposal of those skilled in the art in addition to the specific examples provided in Scheme 15 and in the specific embodiments. It can be well recognized that an indole stannane could also couple to a heterocyclic or aryl halide or triflate to construct compounds of Formula I. Suzuki coupling (Norio Miyaura and Akiro Suzuki Chem Rev. 1995, 95, 2457.) between a triflate, bromo, or chloro azaindole intermediate and a suitable boronate could also be employed and some specific examples are contained in this application. Palladium catalyzed couplings of stannanes and boronates between chloro azaindole intermediates are also feasible and have been utilized extensively for this invention. Preferred procedures for coupling of a chloro azaindole and a stannane employ dioxane, stoichiometric or an excess ofthe tin reagent (up to 5 equivalents), 0.1 to 1 eq of Palladium (0) tetrakis triphenyl phosphine in dioxane heated for 5 to 15 h at 110 to 120°. Other solvents such as DMF, THF, toluene, or benzene could be employed. Preferred procedures for Suzuki coupling of a chloro azaindole and a boronate employ 1 : 1 DMF water as solvent, 2 equivalents of potassium carbonate as base stoichiometric or an excess ofthe boron reagent (up to 5 equivalents), 0.1 to 1 eq of Palladium (0) tetrakis triphenyl phosphine heated for 5 to
15 h at 110 to 120°. If standard conditions fail new specialized catalysts and conditions can be employed. Some references (and the references therein) describing catalysts which are useful for coupling with aryl and heteroaryl chlorides are:
Littke, A. F.; Dai, C; Fu, G. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122(17), 4020-4028;
Varma, R. S.; Naicker, K. P. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40(3), 439-442; Wallow, T. I.;
Novak, B. M. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59(17), 5034-7; Buchwald, S.; Old, D. W.;
Wolfe, J. P.; Palucki, M.; Kamikawa, K.; Chieffi, A.; Sadighi, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Ahman, J PCT Int. Appl. WO 0002887 2000; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. Angew.
Chem., Int. Ed. 1999, 38(23), 3415; Wolfe, J. P.; Singer, R. A.; Yang, B. H.;
Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121(41), 9550-9561; Wolfe, J. P.; Buchwald, S. L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1999, 38(16), 2413-2416; Bracher, F.; Hildebrand, D.; LiebigsAnn. Chem. 1992, 12, 1315-1319; and Bracher, F.; Hildebrand, D.; LiebigsAnn. Chem. 1993, 8, 837-839.
Alternatively, the boronate or stannane may be formed on the azaindole via methods known in the art and the coupling performed in the reverse manner with aryl or heteroaryl based halogens or triflates.
Known boronate or stannane agents could be either purchased from commercial resources or prepared following disclosed documents. Additional examples for the preparation of tin reagents or boronate reagents are contained in the experimental section.
Novel stannane agents could be prepared from one ofthe following routes.
Scheme Tin-01
Base R3SnCI
Ring Aromatic- H *- Ring Aromatic-SnBu3
Solvent
Base = LDA, TMP-Li, n-BuLi, S-BuLi, t-BuLi Solvent = THF, ether, DME
R = Me, Bu
Scheme Tin-02
Base R3SnCI
Ring Aromatic-Br, I ^ *- Ring Aromatic-SnBu3
Solvent
Base = n-BuLi, S-BuLi, t-BuLi Solvent = THF, ether, DME
R = Me, Bu Scheme Tin-03
R3SnLi
Ring Aromatic— F, Cl, Br, 1 *- Ring Aromatic— SnBu3
Solvent
Solvent = THF, ether, DME R = Me, Bu
Scheme Tin-04
R3Sn-SnR3
Ring Aromatic— CI, Br, I, OTf *. Ring Aromatic-SnBu3
Solvent Pd (0)
Solvent = Dioxane, Toluene R = Me, Bu
Scheme Tin-05
Aromatic \ /Aromatic] Base ΛromaticX /Aromatic/
/Ring , /NH or /Ring , -f-XH " / ing , /N~E or / Ring -1-χ / / Solvent „ / „ „ / Ε
RjSn R3Sn „ 4 ., R3S" *3Sn
Electrophiles
E = Electrophile = R'-halide, R'COCI, R'OCOCI, R'R"NCOCI, RS02CI, R'NCO, R'NSO, R'NCNR"
Solvent = CH2CI2, THF, Ether, DMF
R = Me, Bu
Base = NaH, BuLi, LDA, K2C03, Et3N, DBU, DMAP, NaHMDS
Boronate reagents are prepeared as described in reference 71. Reaction of lithium or Grignard reagents with trialkyl borates generates boronates. Alternatively, Palladium catalyzed couplings of alkoxy diboron or alkyl diboron reagents with aryl or heteroaryl halides can provide boron reagents for use in Suzuki type couplings. Some example conditions for coupling a halide with (MeO)BB(OMe)2 utilize PdC12
(dppf), KOAc, DMSO, at 80°C until reaction is complete when followed by TLC or HPLC analysis. Related examples are provided in the following experimental section.
Methods for direct addition of aryl or heteroaryl organometallic reagents to alpha chloro nitrogen containing heterocyles or the N-oxides of nitrogen containing heterocycles are known and applicable to the azaindoles. Some examples are Shiotani et. Al. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1997, 34(3), 901-907; Fourmigue et.al. J Org. Chem. 1991, 56(16), 4858-4864.
Scheme 16
Figure imgf000080_0001
The preparation of a key aldehyde intermediate, 43, using a procedure adapted from the method of Gilmore et. Al. Synlett 1992, 79-80. Is shown in Scheme 16 above. The aldehyde substituent is shown only at the R4 position for the sake of clarity, and should not be considered as a limitation ofthe methodology. The bromide or iodide intermediate is converted into an aldehyde intermediate, 43, by metal-halogen exchange and subsequent reaction with dimethylformamide in an appropriate aprotic solvent. Typical bases used include, but are not limited to, alkyl lithium bases such as n-butyl lithium, sec butyl lithium or tert butyl lithium or a metal such as lithium metal. A preferred aprotic solvent is THF. Typically the transmetallation is initiated at -78 °C. The reaction may be allowed to warm to allow the transmetalation to go to completion depending on the reactivity ofthe bromide intermediate. The reaction is then recooled to -78 °C and allowed to react with dimethylformamide. (allowing the reaction to warm may be required to enable complete reaction) to provide an aldehyde which is elaborated to compounds of Formula I. Other methods for introduction of an aldehyde group to form intermediates of formula 43 include transition metal catalyzed carbonylation reactions of suitable bromo, trifluoromethane sulfonyl, or stannyl azaindoles. Alternative the aldehydes can be introduced by reacting indolyl anions or indolyl Grignard reagents with formaldehyde and then oxidizing with MnO2 or TPAP/NMO or other suitable oxidants to provide intermediate 43.
The methodology described in T. Fukuda et.al. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 9151 and M. Iwao et. Al. Heterocycles 1992, 34(5), 1031 provide methods for preparing indoles with substituents at the 7-position. The Fukuda references provide methods for functionalizing the C-7 position of indoles by either protecting the indole nitrogen with 2,2-diethyl propanoyl group and then deprotonating the 7-position with sec/Buli in TMEDA to give an anion. This anion may be quenched with DMF, formaldehyde, or carbon dioxide to give the aldehyde, benzyl alcohol, or carboxylic acid respectively and the protecting group removed with aqueous t butoxide. Similar tranformations can be achieved by converting indoles to indoline, lithiation at C-7 and then reoxidation to the indole such as described in the Iwao reference above. The oxidation level of any of these products may be adjusted by methods well known in the art as the interconversion of alcohol, aldehyde, and acid groups has been well studied. It is also well understood that a cyano group can be readily converted to an aldehyde. A reducing agent such as DIBALH in hexane such as used in Weyerstahl, P.; Schlicht, V.; Liebigs Ann/Reel. 1997, 1, 175-177 or alternatively catecholalane in THF such as used in Cha, J. S.; Chang, S. W.; Kwon, O. O.; Kim, J. M.; Synlett.
1996, 2, 165-166 will readily achieve this conversion to provide intermediates such as 44 (Scheme 16). Methods for synthesizing the nitriles are shown later in this application. It is also well understood that a protected alcohol, aldehyde, or acid group could be present in the starting azaindole and carried through the synthetic steps to a compound of Formula I in a protected form until they can be converted into the desired substituent at Rj through R4. For example, a benzyl alcohol can be protected as a benzyl ether or silyl ether or other alcohol protecting group; an aldehyde may be carried as an acetal, and an acid may be protected as an ester or ortho ester until deprotection is desired and carried out by literature methods.
Scheme 17
Figure imgf000082_0001
47
Step G Step 1 of Scheme 17 shows the reduction of a nitro group on 45 to the amino group of 46. Although shown on position 4 of the azaindole, the chemistry is applicable to other nitro isomers. The procedure described in Ciurla, H.; Puszko, A.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1996, 10, 1366-1371 uses hydrazine Raney- Nickel for the reduction ofthe nitro group to the amine. Robinson, R. P.; DonahueO, K. M.; Son, P. S.; Wagy, S. D.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 33(2), 287-293 describes the use of hydrogenation and Raney Nickel for the reduction of the nitro group to the amine. Similar conditions are described by Nicolai, E.; Claude, S.; Teulon, J. M.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1994, 31(1), 73-75 for the same transformation. The following two references describe some trimethylsilyl sulfur or chloride based reagents which may be used for the reduction of a nitro group to an amine. Hwu, J.R.; Wong, F.F.; Shiao, M.J.; J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57(19), 5254-5255; Shiao, M.J.; Lai, L.L.; Ku, W.S.; Lin, P.Y.; Hwu, J.R.; J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58(17), 4742-4744.
Step 2 of Scheme 17 describes general methods for conversion of amino groups on azaindoles into other functionality. Scheme 18 also depicts transformations of an amino azaindole into various intermediates and compounds of Formula I.
The amino group at any position of the azaindole, such as 46 (Scheme 17), may be converted to a hydroxy group using sodium nitrite, sulfiiric acid, and water via the method of Klemm, L. H.; Zell, R.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1968, 5, 773.
Bradsher, C. K.; Brown, F. C; Porter, H. K.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2357 describes how the hydroxy group may be alkylated under standard or Mitsonobu conditions to form ethers. The amino group may be converted directly into a methoxy group by diazotization (sodium nitrite and acid )and trapping with methanol.
The amino group of an azaindole, such as 46, can be converted to fluoro via the method of Sanchez using HPF6, NaNO2, and water by the method described in Sanchez, J. P.; Gogliotti, R. D.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1993, 30(4), 855-859. Other methods useful for the conversion of the amino group to fluoro are described in Rocca, P.; Marsais, F.; Godard, A.; Queguiner, G.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34(18), 2937-2940 and Sanchez, J. P.; Rogowski, J.W.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1987, 24, 215.
The amino group of the azaindole, 46, can also be converted to a chloride via diazotization and chloride displacement as described in Ciurla, H.; Puszko, A.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1996, 10, 1366-1371 or the methods in Raveglia, L.F.; Giardina, G.A..; Grugni, M.; Rigolio, R.; Farina, C; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 557-559 or the methods in Matsumoto, J. I.; Miyamoto, T.; Minamida, A.; Mishimura, Y.; Egawa, H.; Mishimura, H.; J. Med. Chem. 1984, 27(3), 292; or as in Lee, T.C.; Salemnick, G.; J. Org. Chem. 1975, 24, 3608.
The amino group ofthe azaindole, 46, can also be converted to a bromide via diazotization and displacement by bromide as described in Raveglia, L.F.; Giardina, G.A..; Grugni, M.; Rigolio, R.; Farina, C; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 557- 559; Talik, T.; Talik, Z.; Ban-Oganowska, H.; Synthesis 1974, 293; and Abramovitch, R.A.; Saha, M.; Can. J. Chem. 1966, 44, 1765.
Scheme 18
1) Conversion of amino group to halide, hydroxy or protected hydroxy
2) coupling to aryls or heteroaryls
Figure imgf000084_0001
Figure imgf000084_0002
via halide or triflate (fromhydroxy) or conversion to cyano (nitrile), or acid, then to compounds of Formula I
3) installation of oxopiperazine acetic acid as described.
Steps 2 and 3 may be reversed as appropriate
The preparation of 4-amino 4-azaindole and 7-methyl-4-azaindole is described by Mahadevan, I.; Rasmussen, M. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1992, 29(2), 359- 67. The amino group ofthe 4-amino 4-azaindole can be converted to halogens, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, triflate, as described above in Schemes 17-18 for the 4- amino compounds or by other methods known in the art. Protection ofthe indole nitrogen of the 7-methyl-4-azaindole via acetylation or other strategy followed by oxidation ofthe 7-methyl group with potassium permanganate or chromic acid provides the 7-acid /4-N-oxide. Reduction ofthe N-oxide, as described below, provides an intermediate from which to install various substituents at position R4. Alternatively the parent 4-azaindole which was prepared as described in Mahadevan, I.; Rasmussen, M. J Heterocycl. Chem. 1992, 29(2), 359-67 could be derivatized at nitrogen to provide the l-(2,2-diethylbutanoyl)azaindole which could then be lithiated using TMEDA /sec BuLi as described in T. Fukuda et. Al. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 9151-9162; followed by conversion ofthe lithio species to the 7-carboxylic acid or 7-halogen as described. Hydrolysis ofthe N-amide using aqueous tert- butoxide in THF regenerates the free NH indole which can now be converted to compounds of Formula I. The chemistry used to functionalize position 7 can also be applied to the 5 and 6 indole series.
Scheme 19 shows the preparation of a 7-chloro-4-azaindole, 50, which can be converted to compounds of Formula I by the chemistry previously described, especially the palladium catalyzed tin and boron based coupling methodology described above. The chloro nitro indole, 49, is commercially available or can be prepared from 48 according to the method of Delarge, J.; Lapiere, C. L. Pharm. Acta Helv. 1975, 50(6), 188-91.
Scheme 19
"" , Formula 1 — *- compounds
Figure imgf000085_0001
Scheme 20, below, shows another synthetic route to substituted 4-aza indoles. The 3-aminopyrrole, 51, was reacted to provide the pyrrolopyridinone, 52, which was then reduced to give the hydroxy azaindole, 53. The pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines described were prepared according to the method of Britten, A.Z.; Griffiths, G.W.G. Chem. Ind. (London) 1973, 6, 278. The hydroxy azaindole, 53, can then be converted to the triflate then further reacted to provide compounds of Formula I.
Scheme 20
Figure imgf000085_0002
1)triflation
2) Cyanide displacement or coupling
Formula I compounds
Figure imgf000085_0003
The following references describe the synthesis of 7-halo or 7 carboxylic acid, or 7-amido derivatives of 5-azaindoline which can be used to construct compounds of Formula I. Bychikhina, N. N.; Azimov, V. A.; Yakhontov, L.N. Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin. 1983, 1, 58-62; Bychikhina, N. N.; Azimov, V. A.; Yakhontov, L. N. Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin. 1982, 3, 356-60; Azimov, V. A.; Bychikhina, N. N.; Yakhontov, L. N. Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin. 1981, 12, 1648-53; Spivey, A.C.; Fekner, T.; Spey, S.E.; Adams, H. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64(26), 9430-9443; Spivey, A.C.; Fekner, T.; Adams, H. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39(48), 8919-8922. The methods described in Spivey et al. (preceding two references) for the preparation of l-methyl-7-bromo-4- azaindoline can be used to prepare the l-benzyl-7-bromo-4-azaindoline, 54, shown below in Scheme 21. This can be utilized in Stille or Suzuki couplings to provide 55, which is deprotected and dehydrogenated to provide 56. Other useful azaindole intermediates, such as the cyano derivatives, 57 and 58, and the aldehyde derivatives, 59 and 60, can then be further elaborated to compounds of Formula I.
Scheme 21
1) Hydrogenation
2)pd »_ dehydrogenation
Figure imgf000086_0001
Figure imgf000086_0003
Figure imgf000086_0002
Alternatively the 7-functionalized 5-azaindole derivatives may be obtained by functionalization using the methodologies of T. Fukuda et.al. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 9151 and M. Iwao et. Al. Heterocycles 1992, 34(5), 1031 described above for the 4 or 6 azaindoles. The 4 or 6 positions ofthe 5 aza indoles can be functionalized by using the azaindole N-oxide.
The conversion of indoles to indolines is well known in the art and can be carried out as shown or by the methods described in Somei, M.; Saida, Y.; Funamoto, T.; Ohta, T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1987, 35(8), 3146-54; M. Iwao et. Al. Heterocycles 1992, 34(5), 1031; andAkagi, M.; Ozaki, K. Heterocycles 1987, 26(1), 61-4. Scheme 22
Figure imgf000087_0001
The preparation of azaindole oxoacetyl or oxo piperidines with carboxylic acids can be carried out from nitrile, aldehyde, or anion precursors via hydrolysis, oxidation, or trapping with CO2 respectively. As shown in the Scheme 22, Step 1 , or the scheme below step al2 one method for forming the nitrile intermediate, 62, is by cyanide displacement of a halide in the aza-indole ring. The cyanide reagent used can be sodium cyanide, or more preferably copper or zinc cyanide. The reactions may be carried out in numerous solvents which are well known in the art. For example DMF is used in the case of copper cyanide. Additional procedures useful for carrying out step 1 of Scheme 24 are Yamaguchi, S.; Yoshida, M.; Miyajima, I.; Araki, T.; Hirai, Y.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1995, 32(5), 1517-1519 which describes methods for copper cyanide; Yutilov, Y.M.; Svertilova, LA.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1994, 8, 1071- 1075 which utilizes potassium cyanide; and Prager, R.H.; Tsopelas, C; Heisler, T.; Aust. J. Chem. 1991, 44 (2), 277-285 which utilizes copper cyanide in the presence of MeOS(O)2F. The chloride or more preferably a bromide on the azaindole may be displaced by sodium cyanide in dioxane via the method described in Synlett. 1998, 3, 243-244. Alternatively, Nickel dibromide, Zinc, and triphenyl phosphine in can be used to activate aromatic and heteroaryl chlorides to displacement via potassium cyanide in THF or other suitable solvent by the methods described in Eur. Pat. Appl., 831083, 1998.
The conversion ofthe cyano intermediate, 62, to the carboxylic acid intermediate, 63, is depicted in step 2, Scheme 22 or in step al2, Scheme 23. Many methods for the conversion of nitriles to acids are well known in the art and may be employed. Suitable conditions for step 2 of Scheme 22 or the conversion of intermediate 65 to intermediate 66 below employ potassium hydroxide, water , and an aqueous alcohol such as ethanol. Typically the reaction must be heated at refluxing temperatures for one to 100 h. Other procedures for hydrolysis include those described in:
Shiotani, S.; Taniguchi, K.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 493-499 Boogaard, A. T.; Pandit, U. K.; Koomen, G.-J.; Tetrahedron 1994, 50(8), 2551-2560 Rivalle, C; Bisagni, E.; Heterocycles 1994, 38(2), 391-397; Macor, J.E.; Post, R. Ryan, K.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1992, 29(6), 1465-1467.
The acid intermediate, 66 (Scheme 23), may then be esterified using conditions well known in the art. For example, reaction ofthe acid with diazomethane in an inert solvent such as ether, dioxane, or THF would give the methyl ester. Intermediate 67 may then be converted to intermediate 68 according to the procedure described in Scheme 2. Intermediate 68 may then be hydrolyzed to provide intermediate 69.
Figure imgf000089_0001
17, 66 18, 67
Figure imgf000089_0002
19, 68 20, 69
As shown in Scheme 24, step al3 another preparation of the indoleoxoacetylpiperazine 7-carboxylic acids, 69, is carried out by oxidation of the corresponding 7-carboxaldehyde, 70. Numerous oxidants are suitable for the conversion of aldehyde to acid and many of these are described in standard organic chemistry texts such as: Larock, Richard C, Comprehensive organic transformations : a guide to functional group preparations 2nd ed. New York : Wiley- VCH, 1999. One preferred method is the use of silver nitrate or silver oxide in a solvent such as aqueous or anhydrous methanol at a temperature of ~25 °C or as high as reflux. The reaction is typically carried out for one to 48 h and is typically monitored by TLC or LC/MS until complete conversion of product to starting material has occurred. Alternatively, KmnO4 or CrO3/H2SO4 could be utilized. Scheme 24
Figure imgf000090_0001
Scheme 25 gives a specific example ofthe oxidation of an aldehyde intermediate, 70a, to provide the carboxylic acid intermediate, 69a.
Scheme 25
Figure imgf000090_0002
Alternatively, intermediate 69 can be prepared by the nitrile method of synthesis carried out in an alternative order as shown in Scheme 26. The nitrile hydrolyis step can be delayed and the nitrile carried through the synthesis to provide a nitrile which can be hydrolyzed to provide the free acid, 69, as above.
Scheme 26
Figure imgf000091_0001
Scheme 27
Figure imgf000091_0002
Step H The direct conversion of nitriles, such as 72, to amides, such as 73, shown in Scheme 27, Step H, can be carried out using the conditions as described in Shiotani, S.; Taniguchi, K.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 33(4), 1051-1056 (describes the use of aqueous sulfiiric acid); Memoli, K.A.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37(21), 3617-3618; Adolfsson, H.; Waernmark, K.; Moberg, C; J Org. Chem. 1994, 59(8), 2004-2009; and El Hadri, A.; Leclerc, G.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1993, 30(3), 631-635.
Step I ForNH2
Shiotani, S.; Taniguchi, K.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 493-499; Boogaard, A. T.; Pandit, U. K.; Koomen, G.-J.; Tetrahedron 1994, 50(8), 2551-2560; Rivalle, C; Bisagni, E.; Heterocycles 1994, 38(2), 391-397; Macor, J.E.; Post, R.; Ryan, K.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1992, 29(6), 1465-1467. Step J
Scheme 28
Figure imgf000092_0001
69
The following scheme (28 A) shows an example for the preparation of 4- fluoro-7substituted azaindoles from a known starting materials. References for the Bartoli indole synthesis were mentioned earlier. The conditions for tranformation to the nitriles, acids, aldeheydes, heterocycles and amides have also been described in this application.
Scheme 28A
Either:
Figure imgf000093_0001
Tetrahedron Letters 1986, 27,837.
Prepared as in US 5,811,432
de, AICI3
Figure imgf000093_0002
Figure imgf000093_0003
e coupling as above
Figure imgf000093_0004
C-7 Heterocycles
C-7 Amides C-7 Acid C-7 Aldehyde
Figure imgf000093_0005
C-7 Heterocycles Scheme 29
Figure imgf000094_0001
Steps al6, al7, and al8 encompasses reactions and conditions for 1°, 2° and 3° amide bond formation as shown in Schemes 28 and 29 which provide compounds such as those of Formula 73.
The reaction conditions for the formation of amide bonds encompass any reagents that generate a reactive intermediate for activation ofthe carboxylic acid to amide formation, for example (but not limited to), acyl halide, from carbodiimide, acyl iminium salt, symmetrical anhydrides, mixed anhydrides (including phosphonic/phosphinic mixed anhydrides), active esters (including silyl ester, methyl ester and thioester), acyl carbonate, acyl azide, acyl sulfonate and acyloxy N- phosphonium salt. The reaction ofthe indole carboxylic acids with amines to form amides may be mediated by standard amide bond forming conditions described in the art. Some examples for amide bond formation are listed in references 41-53 but this list is not limiting. Some carboxylic acid to amine coupling reagents which are applicable are EDC, Diisopropylcarbodiimide or other carbodiimides, PyBop (benzotriazolyloxytris(dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), 2-(lH- benzotriazole- 1 -yl)- 1 , 1, 3, 3-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU). A particularly useful method for azaindole 7-carboxylic acid to amide reactions is the use of carbonyl imidazole as the coupling reagent as described in reference 53. The temperature of this reaction may be lower than in the cited reference , from 80 °C (or possibly lower) to 150 °C or higher. A more specific application is depicted in Scheme 30. Scheme 3 )
Figure imgf000095_0001
The following four general methods provide a more detailed description for the preparation of indolecarboamides and these methods were employed for the synthesis of compounds of Formula I.
Method 1 :
To a mixture of an acid intermediate, such as 69, (1 equiv., 0.48 mmol), an appropriate amine (4 equiv.) and DMAP (58 mg, 0.47 mmol) dissolved CH2C12 (1 mL) was added EDC (90 mg, 0.47 mmol). The resulting mixture was shaken at rt for
12h, and then evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in MeOH, and subjected to preparative reverse phase HPLC purification.
Method 2:
To a mixture of an appropriate amine (4 equiv.) and HOBT (16 mg, 0.12 mmol) in THF (0.5 mL) was added an acid intermediate, such as 69, (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) and NMM (50 μl, 0.45 mmol), followed by EDC (23 mg, 0.12 mmol). The reaction mixture was shaken at rt for 12 h. The volatiles were evaporated in vacuo; and the residue dissolved in MeOH and subjected to preparative reverse phase HPLC purification.
Method 3:
To a mixture of an acid intermediate, such as 69, (0.047 mmol), amine (4 equiv.) and DEPBT (prepared according to Li, H.; Jiang, X. Ye, Y.; Fan, C; Todd, R.; Goodman, M. Organic Letters 1999, /, 91 ; 21 mg, 0.071 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added TEA (0.03 mL, 0.22 mmol). The resulting mixture was shaken at rt for 12 h; and then diluted with MeOH (2 mL) and purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC.
Method 4:
A mixture of an acid intermediate, such as 69, (0.047mmol) and 8.5 mg (0.052mmol) of 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole in anhydrous THF (2 mL) was heated to reflux under nitrogen. After 2.5h, 0.052 mmol of amine was added and heating continued. After an additional period of 3-20 h at reflux, the reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to provide a compound of Formula I
In addition, the carboxylic acid may be converted to an acid chloride using reagents such as thionyl chloride (neat or in an inert solvent) or oxalyl chloride in a solvent such as benzene, toluene, THF, or CH2C12. The amides may alternatively, be formed by reaction of the acid chloride with an excess of ammonia, primary, or secondary amine in an inert solvent such as benzene, toluene, THF, or CH2C12 or with stoichiometric amounts of amines in the presence of a tertiary amine such as triethylamine or a base such as pyridine or 2,6-lutidine. Alternatively, the acid chloride may be reacted with an amine under basic conditions (Usually sodium or potassium hydroxide) in solvent mixtures containing water and possibly a miscible co solvent such as dioxane or THF. Scheme 25B depicts a typical preparation of an acid chloride and derivatization to an amide of Formula I. Additionally, the carboxylic acid may be converted to an ester preferably a methyl or ethyl ester and then reacted with an amine. The ester may be formed by reaction with diazomethane or alternatively trimethylsilyl diazomethane using standard conditions which are well known in the art. References and procedures for using these or other ester forming reactions can be found in reference 52 or 54.
Additional references for the formation of amides from acids are: Norman,
M.H.; Navas, F. Ill; Thompson, J.B.; Rigdon, G.C.; J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39(24), 4692-4703; Hong, F.; Pang, Y.-P.; Cusack, B.; Richelson, E.; J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans 1 1997, 14, 2083-2088; Langry, K.C.; Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 1994, 26(4), 429- 438; Romero, D.L.; Morge, R.A.; Biles, C; Berrios-Pena, N.; May, P.D.; Palmer, J.R.; Johnson, P.D.; Smith, H.W.; Busso, M.; Tan, C.-K.; Noorman, R.L.; Reusser, F.; Althaus, I.W.; Downey, K.M.; et al.; J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37(7), 999-1014; Bhattacharjee, A.; Mukhopadhyay, R.; Bhattacharjya, A.; Indian J. Chem., Sect B 1994, 33(7), 679-682.
Scheme 31
Figure imgf000097_0001
R2 = OR, F, Cl, Br
Scheme 31 shows synthetic transformations on a chloro nitro azaindole. Step F-1 of Scheme 31 can be carried may be carried out according to the following procedures: Yamaguchi, S.; Yoshida, M.; Miyajima, I.; Araki, T.; Hirai, Y.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1995, 32(5), 1517-1519;
Yutilov, Y.M.; Svertilova, I. A.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1994, 8, 1071-1075; and Prager, R.H.; Tsopelas, C; Heisler, T.; Aust. J. Chem. 1991, 44(2), 277-285. Step F-2 of Scheme 31 may be accomplished according to the procedures set forth in: Ciurla, H.; Puszko, A.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1996, 10, 1366-1371; Robinson, R.P.; Donahue, K.M.; Son, P.S.; Wagy, S.D.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 33(2), 287- 293; Nicolai, E.; Claude, S.; Teulon, J. M.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1994, 31(1), 73-75; Hwu, J.R.; Wong, F.F.; Shiao, M.-J.; J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57(19), 5254-5255; Shiao, M.-J.; Lai, L.-L.; Ku, W.-S.; Lin, P.-Y.; Hwu, J.R.; J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58(17), 4742-4744. The introduction of an alkoxy or aryloxy substituent onto the azaindole (Step
G, Scheme 31, R2 is alkoxy or aryloxy) may be accomplished by the f procedures described in Klemm, L.H.; Zell, R.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1968, 5, 773; Bradsher, C.
K.; Brown, F. C; Porter, H. K.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2357; and Hodgson, H. H.; Foster, C. K.; J. Chem. Soc. 1942, 581.
The introduction of a fluorine substituent onto the azaindole (Step G, Scheme
31) may be accomplished according to the procedures as described in Sanchez, J. P.;
Gogliotti, R. D.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1993, 30(4), 855-859; Rocca, P.; Marsais, F.; Godard, A.; Queguiner, G.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34(18), 2937-2940; and Sanchez,
IP.; Rogowski, J.W.; J. Heterocycl Chem. 1987, 24, 215.
The introduction of a chlorine substituent onto the azaindole (Step G, Scheme 31) may be accomplished according to the procedures as described in Ciurla, H.; Puszko, A.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1996, 10, 1366-1371; Raveglia, L.F.; Giardinal, G.A.M.; Grugni, M.; Rigolio, R.; Farina, C. ; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 557- 559; Matsumoto, J.I.; Miyamoto, T.; Minamida, A.; Mishimura, Y.; Egawa, H.; Mishimura, H.; J. Med. Chem. 1984, 27(3), 292; Lee, T.-C; Salemnick, G.; J. Org. Chem. 1975, 24, 3608.
The introduction of a bromine substituent onto the azaindole (Step G, Scheme 31) may be accomplished according to the procedures as described in Raveglia, L.F.; Giardina, G.A.M.; Grugni, M.; Rigolio, R.; Farina, C. ; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 557-559; Talik, T.; Talik, Z.; Ban-Oganowska, H.; Synthesis 1974, 293; Abramovitch, R. A.; Saha, M.; Can. J. Chem. 1966, 44, 1765.
It is well known in the art that heterocycles may be prepared from an aldehyde, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, carboxylic acid amide, carboxylic acid halide, or cyano moiety or attached to another carbon substituted by a bromide or other leaving group such as a triflate, mesylate, chloride, iodide, or phosponate. The methods for preparing such intermediates from intermediates typified by the carboxylic acid intermediate, 69, bromo intermediate, 76, or aldehyde intermediate, 70 described above are known by a typical chemist practitioner. The methods or types of heterocycles which may be constructed are described in the chemical literature. Some representative references for finding such heterocycles and their construction are included in reference 55 through 67 but should in no way be construed as limiting. However, examination of these references shows that many versatile methods are available for synthesizing diversely substituted heterocycles and it is apparent to one skilled in the art that these can be applied to prepare compounds of Formula I. Chemists well versed in the art can now easily, quickly, and routinely find numerous reactions for preparing heterocycles, amides, oximes or other substituents from the above mentioned starting materials by searching for reactions or preparations using a conventional electronic database such as Scifinder (American Chemical Society), Crossfire (Beilstein), Theilheimer, or Reaccs (MDS). The reaction conditions identified by such a search can then be employed using the substrates described in this application to produce all ofthe compounds envisioned and covered by this invention. In the case of amides, commercially available amines can be used in the synthesis. Alternatively, the above mentioned search programs can be used to locate literature preparations of known amines or procedures to synthesize new amines. These procedures are then carried out by one with typical skill in the art to provide the compounds of Formula I for use as antiviral agents.
As shown below in Scheme 32, step al3, suitable substituted azaindoles, such as the bromoazaindole intermediate, 76, may undergo metal mediated couplings with aryl groups, heterocycles, or vinyl stannanes to provide compounds of Formula I wherein R5 is aryl, heteroaryl, or heteroalicyclic for example. The bromoazaindole intermediates, 76 (or azaindole triflates or iodides) may undergo Stille-type coupling with heteroarylstannanes as shown in Scheme 32, step al3. Conditions for this reaction are well known in the art and references 68-70 as well as reference 52 provide numerous conditions in addition to the specific examples provided in Scheme 14 and in the specific embodiments. It can be well recognized that an indole stannane could also couple to a heterocyclic or aryl halide or triflate to construct compounds of Formula I. Suzuki coupling (reference 71) between the bromo intermediate, 76, and a suitable boronate could also be employed and some specific examples are contained in this application.
Scheme 32
Figure imgf000099_0001
Scheme 33
Figure imgf000100_0001
As shown in Scheme 34, step al4, aldehyde intermediates, 70, may be used to generate numerous compounds of Formula I. The aldehyde group may be a precursor for any ofthe substituents Rj through R5 but the transormation for R5 is depicted above for simplicity. The aldehyde intermediate 70, may be reacted to become incorporated into a ring as
Scheme 34
Figure imgf000100_0002
described in the claims or be converted into an acyclic group. The aldehyde, 70, may be reacted with a Tosmic based reagent to generate oxazoles (references 42 and 43 for example). The aldehyde, 70, may be reacted with a Tosmic reagent and than an amine to give imidazoles as in reference 72 or the aldehyde intermediate, 70, may be reacted with hydroxylamine to give an oxime which is a compound of Formula I as described below. Oxidation ofthe oxime with NBS, t-butyl hypochlorite, or the other known reagents would provide the N-oxide which react with alkynes or 3 alkoxy vinyl esters to give isoxazoles of varying substitution. Reaction ofthe aldehyde intermediate 70, with the known reagent, 77 (reference 70) shown below under basic conditions would provide 4-aminotrityl oxazoles. 77
Removal ofthe trityl group would provide 4-amino oxazoles which could be substitutued by acylation, reductive alkylation or alkylation reactions or heterocycle forming reactions. The trityl could be replaced with an alternate protecting group such as a monomethoxy trityl, CBZ, benzyl, or appropriate silyl group if desired. Reference 73 demonstrates the preparation of oxazoles containing a triflouoromethyl moiety and the conditions described therein demonstrates the synthesis of oxazoles with fluorinated methyl groups appended to them.
The aldehyde could also be reacted with a metal or Grignard (alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl) to generate secondary alcohols. These would be efficacious or could be oxidized to the ketone with TPAP or MnO2 or PCC for example to provide ketones of Formula I which could be utilized for treatment or reacted with metal reagents to give tertiary alcohols or alternatively converted to oximes by reaction with hydroxylamine hydrochlorides in ethanolic solvents. Alternatively the aldehyde could be converted to benzyl amines via reductive animation. An example of oxazole formation via a Tosmic reagent is shown below in Scheme 35. The same reaction would work with aldehydes at other positions and also in the 5 and 6 aza indole series.
Scheme 35
Figure imgf000101_0002
Scheme 36 shows in step al5, a cyano intermediate, such as 62, which could be directly converted to compounds of Formula I via heterocycle formation or reaction with organometallic reagents. Scheme 36
Figure imgf000102_0001
Scheme 37 shows a method for acylation of a cyanoindole intermediate of formula 65 with oxalyl chloride which would give acid chloride, 79, which could then be coupled with the appropriate amine in the presence of base to provide 80.
Figure imgf000102_0002
The nitrile intermediate, 80, could be converted to the tetrazole of formula 81, which could then be alkylated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane to give the compound of formula 82 (Scheme 38).
Scheme 38
Figure imgf000103_0001
Tetrazole alkylation with alkyl halides would be carried out prior to azaindole acylation as shown in Scheme 39. Intermediate 65 could be converted to tetrazole, 83, which could be alkylated to provide 84. Intermediate 84 could then be acylated and hydrolyzed to provide 85 which could be subjected to amide formation conditions to provide 86. The group appended to the tetrazole may be quite diverse and still exhibit impressive potency.
Scheme 39
Figure imgf000103_0002
Scheme 40 shows that an oxadiazole such as , 88, may be prepared by the addition of hydroxylamine to the nitrile, 80, followed by ring closure of intermediate 87 with phosgene. Alkylation of oxadiazole, 88, with trimethylsilyldiazomethane would give the compound of formula 89. Scheme 40
Figure imgf000104_0001
A 7-cyanoindole, such as 80, could be efficiently converted to the imidate ester under conventional Pinner conditions using 1,4-dioxane as the solvent. The imidate ester can be reacted with nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur nucleophiles to provide C7-substituted indoles, for example: imidazolines, benzimidazoles, azabenzimidazoles, oxazolines, oxadiazoles, thiazolines, triazoles, pyrimidines and amidines etc. For example the imidate may be reacted with acetyl hydrazide with heating in a nonparticipating solvent such as dioxane, THF, or benzene for example, (aqueous base or aqueous base in an alcoholic solvent may need to be added to effect final dehydrative cyclization in some cases) to form a methyl triazine. Other hydrazines can be used. Triazines can also be installed via coupling of stannyl triazines with 4,5,6,or 7-bromo or chloro azaindoles. The examples give an example of the formation of many of these heterocycles .
References:
(1) Das, B. P.; Boykin, D. W. J. Med. Chem. 1977, 20, 531.
(2) Czarny, A.; Wilson, W. D.; Boykin, D. W. J Heterocyclic Chem. 1996, 33, 1393.
(3) Francesconi, I.; Wilson, W. D.; Tanious, F. A.; Hall, J. E.; Bender, B. C; Tidwell, R. R.; McCurdy, D.; Boykin, D. W. J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 2260. Scheme 41 shows addition of either hydroxylamine or hydroxylamine acetic acid to aldehyde intermediate 90 may give oximes of Formula 91.
Scheme 41
Figure imgf000105_0001
An acid may be a precursor for substituents Rj through R5 when it occupies the corresponding position such as R5 as shown in Scheme 42.
Scheme 41a
Figure imgf000106_0001
Figure imgf000106_0002
Scheme 41a (continued)
Figure imgf000106_0003
Scheme 42
Figure imgf000107_0001
An acid intermediate, such as 69, may be used as a versatile precursor to generate numerous substituted compounds. The acid could be converted to hydrazonyl bromide and then a pyrazole via reference 74. One method for general heterocycle synthesis would be to convert the acid to an alpha bromo ketone (ref 75) by conversion to the acid chloride using standard methods, reaction with diazomethane, and finally reaction with HBr. The alpha bromo ketone could be used to prepare many different compounds of Formula I as it can be converted to many heterocycles or other compounds of Formula I. Alpha amino ketones can be prepared by displacement ofthe bromide with amines. Alternatively, the alpha bromo ketone could be used to prepare heterocycles not available directly from the aldeheyde or acid. For example, using the conditions of Hulton in reference 76 to react with the alpha bromo ketone would provide oxazoles. Reaction ofthe alpha bromoketone with urea via the methods of reference 77 would provide 2-amino oxazoles. The alpha bromoketone could also be used to generate furans using beta keto esters(ref 78-80) or other methods, pyrroles (from beta dicarbonyls as in ref 81 or by Hantsch methods (ref 82) thiazoles , isoxazoles and imidazoles (ref 83) example using literature procedures. Coupling ofthe aforementioned acid chloride with N- methyl-O-methyl hydroxyl amine would provide a "Weinreb Amide" which could be used to react with alkyl lithiums or Grignard reagents to generate ketones. Reaction ofthe Weinreb anion with a dianion of a hydroxyl amine would generate isoxazoles (ref 84). Reaction with an acetylenic lithium or other carbanion would generate alkynyl indole ketones. Reaction of this alkynyl intermediate with diazomethane or other diazo compounds would give pyrazoles (ref 85). Reaction with azide or hydroxyl amine would give heterocycles after elimination of water. Nitrile oxides would react with the alkynyl ketone to give isoxazoles (ref 86). Reaction ofthe initial acid to provide an acid chloride using for example oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride or triphenyl phosphine/ carbon tetrachloride provides a useful intermediate as noted above. Reaction ofthe acid chloride with an alpha ester substituted isocyanide and base would give 2-substituted oxazoles (ref 87). These could be converted to amines, alcohols, or halides using standard reductions or Hoffman/Curtius type rearrangements.
Scheme 43 describes alternate chemistry for installing the oxoacetyl piperazine moiety onto the 3 position of the azaindoles. StepA'" in Scheme 43 depicts reaction with formaldehyde and dimethylamine using the conditions in
Frydman, B.; Despuy, M.E.; Rapoport, H.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 3530 will provide the dimethylamino compound shown.
Step B'" shows displacement with potassium cyanide would provide the cyano derivative according to the method described in Miyashita, K.; Kondoh, K.; Tsuchiya, K.; Miyabe, H.; Imanishi, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1997, 45(5), 932-935 or in Kawase, M.; Sinhababu, A.K.; Borchardt, R.T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1990, 38(11), 2939-2946. The same transformation could also be carried out using TMSCN and a tetrabutylammonium flouride source as in Iwao, M.; Motoi, O.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36(33), 5929-5932. Sodium cyanide could also be utilized.
Scheme 43
Figure imgf000109_0001
Figure imgf000109_0002
Step C" of Scheme 43 depicts hydrolysis of the nitrile with sodium hydroxide and methanol would provide the acid via the methods described in Iwao, M.; Motoi, O.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36(33), 5929-5932 for example. Other basic hydrolysis conditions using either NaOH or KOH as described in Thesing, J.; et al.; Chem. Ber. 1955, 88, 1295 and Geissman, T.A.; Armen, A.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 3916. The use of a nitrilase enzyme to achieve the same transformation is described by Klempier N, de Raadt A, Griengl H, Heinisch G, J. Heterocycl. Chem., 1992 29, 93, and may be applicable.
Step D'" of Scheme 43 depicts an alpha hydroxylation which may be accomplished by methods as described in Hanessian, S.; Wang, W.; Gai, Y.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37(42), 7477-7480; Robinson, R. A.; Clark, J. S.; Holmes, A. B.; J. Am. Chem. Soc 1993, 115(22), 10400-10401 (KN(TMS)2 and then camphorsulfonyloxaziridine or another oxaziridine; andDavis, F.A.; Reddy, R.T.; Reddy, R.E.; J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57(24), 6387-6389. Step E'" of Scheme 43 shows methods for the oxidation ofthe alpha hydroxy ester to the ketone which may be accomplished according to the methods described in Mohand, S.A.; Levina, A.; Muzart, J.; Synth. Comm. 1995, 25 (14), 2051-2059. A preferred method for step E'" is that of Ma, Z.; Bobbitt, J.M.; J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56(21), 6110-6114 which utilizes 4-(NH-Ac)-TEMPO in a solvent such as CH2C12 in the presence of para toluenesulfonic acid. The method described in Corson, B.B.; Dodge, R.A.; Harris, S.A.; Hazen, R.K.; Org. Synth. 1941, I, 241 for the oxidation of the alpha hydroxy ester to the ketone uses KmnO4 as oxidant. Other methods for the oxidation of the alpha hydroxy ester to the ketone include those described in Hunaeus, ; Zincke,; Rer. Dtsch Chem. Ges. 1877, 10, 1489; Acree,; Am. Chem. 1913, 50, 391; and Claisen,; Rer. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1877, 10, 846.
Step F'" of Scheme 43 depicts the coupling reactions which may be carried out as described previously in the application and by a preferred method which is described in Li, H.; Jiang, X.; Ye, Y.-H.; Fan, C; Romoff, T.; Goodman, M. Organic Lett., 1999, 2, 91-93 and employs 3-(Diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-l,2,3-benzotriazin- 4(3H)-one (DEPBT); a new coupling reagent with remarkable resistance to racemization.
Scheme 44
Figure imgf000110_0001
Scheme 44 depicts the preparation of Formula I compounds by coupling ΗWC(O)A to the acid as described in Step F'" of Scheme 43, followed by hydroxylation as in Step D'" of Scheme 43 and oxidation as described in Step E'" of Scheme 43. Scheme 45
Figure imgf000111_0001
Scheme 45 depicts a method for the preparation which could be used to obtain amido compounds of Formula I. Step G' represents ester hydrolysis followed by amide formation (Step H' as described in Step F" ' of Scheme 43). Step I' of Scheme 45 depicts the preparation of the N-oxide which could be accomplished according to the procedures in Suzuki, H.; Iwata, C; Sakurai, K.; Tokumoto, K.; Takahashi, H.; Hanada, M.; Yokoyama, Y.; Murakami, Y.; Tetrahedron 1997, 53(5), 1593-1606; Suzuki, H.; Yokoyama, Y.; Miyagi, C; Murakami, Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991, 39(8), 2170-2172; and Ohmato, T.; Koike, K.; Sakamoto, Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1981, 29, 390. Cyanation of the N-oxide is shown in Step J' of Scheme 45 which ill
may be accomplished according to Suzuki, H.; Iwata, C; Sakurai, K.; Tokumoto, K.; Takahashi, H.; Hanada, M.; Yokoyama, Y.; Murakami, Y.; Tetrahedron 1997, 53(5), 1593-1606 and Suzuki, H.; Yokoyama, Y.; Miyagi, C; Murakami, Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991, 39(8), 2170-2172. Hydrolysis ofthe nitrile to the acid is depicted in Step K' of Scheme 45 according to procedures such as Shiotani, S.; Tanigucchi, K.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1996, 33(4), 1051-1056; Memoli, K.A.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37(21), 3617-3618; Adolfsson, H.; Waernmark, K.; Moberg, C; J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59(8), 2004-2009; and El Hadri, A.; Leclerc, G.; J Heterocycl. Chem. 1993, 30(3), 631-635. Step L' of Scheme 45 depicts a method which could be utilized for the preparation of amido compounds of Formula I from the cyano derivative which may be accomplished according to procedures described in Shiotani, S.; Taniguchi, K.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1997, 34(2), 493-499; Boogaard, A.T.; Pandit, U.K.; Koomen, G.- J.; Tetrahedron 1994, 50(8), 2551-2560; Rivalle, C; Bisagni, E.; Heterocycles 1994, 38(2), 391-397; and Macor, J.E.; Post, R.; Ryan, K.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1992, 29(6), 1465-1467. Step M' of Scheme 45 shows a method which could be used for the preparation of amido compounds of Formula I from the acid derivative which may be accomplished according to procedures described in Norman, M.H.; Navas, F. Ill; Thompson, J.B.; Rigdon, G.C.; J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39(24), 4692-4703; Hong, F.; Pang, Y.-P.; Cusack, B.; Richelson, E.; J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans 1 1997, 14, 2083-2088; Langry, K. C; Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 1994, 26(4), 429-438; Romero, D.L.; Morge, R.A.; Biles, C; Berrios-Pena, N.; May, P.D.; Palmer, J.R.; Johnson, P.D.; Smith, H.W.; Busso, M.; Tan, C.-K.; Voorman, R.L.; Reusser, F.; Althaus, I.W.; Downey, K.M.; et al; J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37(7), 999-1014 and Bhattacharjee, A.; Mukhopadhyay, R.; Bhattacharjya, A.; Indian J. Chem., Sect B 1994, 33(7), 619- 682.
Scheme 46
Figure imgf000112_0001
Scheme 46 shows a method which could be used for the synthesis of an azaindole acetic acid derivative. Protection ofthe amine group could be effected by treatment with di-tert-butyldicarbonate to introduce the t-Butoxycarbonyl (BOC) group. Introduction ofthe oxalate moiety may then be accomplished as shown in Step A of Scheme 46 according to the procedures described in Hewawasam, P.; Meanwell, N. A.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35(40), 7303-7306 (using t-Buli, or s-buli, THF); or Stanetty, P.; Koller, H.; Mihovilovic, M.; J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57(25), 6833-6837 (using t-Buli). The intermediate thus formed could then be cyclized to form the azaindole as shown in Step B of Scheme 46 according to the procedures described in Fuerstner, A.; Ernst, A.; Krause, H.; Ptock, A.; Tetrahedron 1996, 52(21), 7329-7344 (using. TiC13, Zn, DME); or Fuerstner, A.; Hupperts, A.; J Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117(16), 4468-4475 (using Zn, excess Tms-Cl, TiC13 (cat.), MeCN).
Scheme 47
Figure imgf000113_0001
Step D
Scheme 47 describes an alternate synthesis which could be used to prepare azaindole acetic acid derivatives. Step C of Scheme 47 could be accomplished by using the procedures described in Harden, F.A.; Quinn, R.J.; Scammells, P.J.; J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34(9), 2892-2898 [use of 1. NaNO2, cone. HCI 2. SnCl2, cone. HCI (cat.)]. Typically, 10 equivalents of NaNO2and 1.0 equivalents of substrate reacted at 0 °C for 0.25 to lh and to this reaction mixture was added 3.5 equivalents of SnCl2. Alternatively, the procedure described in De Roos, K.B.; Salemink, C.A.; Reel Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 1971, 90, 1181 (use of NaNO2, AcOH, H2O) could be used. The intermediate thus formed could be further reacted and cyclized to provide azaindole acetic acid derivatives as shown in Step D of Scheme 47 and according to the procedures described inAtkinson, C. M.; Mattocks, A. R.; J Chem. Soc. 1957, 3722; Ain Khan, M.; Ferreira Da Rocha, J.; Heterocycles 1978, 9, 1611; Fusco, R.; Sannicolo, F.; Tetrahedron 1980, 36, 161 [use of HCI (cone)]; Abramovitch, R. A.; Spenser, I. D.; Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 1964, 3, 79 (use of ZnCl2, p-Cymene); and Clemo, G. R.; Holt, R. J. W.; J Chem. Soc. 1953, 1313; (use of ZnCl2, EtOH, Sealed tube).
Scheme 48
Figure imgf000114_0001
Scheme 48 depicts another possible route to azaindole acetic acid derivatives. Step E of Scheme 48 could be carried out as shown or according to procedures such as those described in Yurovskaya, M.A.; Khamlova, I.G.; Nesterov, N.N.; Shishkin, ON.; Struchkov, T.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1995, 11, 1543-1550; Grzegozek, M.; Wozniak, M.; Baranski, A.; Nan Der Plas, H.C.; J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1991, 28(4), 1075-1077 (use of ΝaOH, DMSO); Lawrence, Ν.J.; Liddle, J.; Jackson, D.A.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36(46), 8477-8480 (use of. NaH, DMSO); Haglund, O.; Nilsson, M.; Synthesis 1994, 3, 242-244; (use of 2.5 equiv. CuCl, 3.5 equiv. TBu- OK, DME, Py); Makosza, M.; Sienkiewicz, K.; Wojciechowski, K.; Synthesis 1990, 9, 850-852; (use of KO-tBu, DMF); Makosza, M.; Nizamov, S.; Org. Prep. Proceed. Int. 1997, 29(6), 707-710; (use of tBu-OK, THF). Step F of Scheme 48 shows the cyclization reaction which could provide the azaindole acetic acid derivatives. This reaction could be accomplished according to procedures such as those described in Frydman, B.; Baldain, G.; Repetto, J. C; J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 1824 (use of H2, Pd-C, EtOH); Bistryakova, I. D.; Smirnova, N. M.; Safonova, T. S.; Khim Geterotsikl Soedin 1993, 6, 800-803 (use of H2, Pd-C (cat.), MeOH); Taga, M.; Ohtsuka, H.; Inoue, I.; Kawaguchi, T.; Nomura, S.; Yamada, K.; Date, T.; Hiramatsu, H.; Sato, Y.; Heterocycles 1996, 42(1), 251-263 (use of SnCl2, HCI, Et2O); Arcari, M.; Aveta, R.; Brandt, A.; Cecchetelli, L.; Corsi, G.B.; Dirella, M.; Gazz. Chim. Ml 1991, 121(11), 499-504 [use of Na^A, THF/EtOH/H2O (2:2:1)]; Moody, C. J.; Rahimtoola, K. F.; J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans 1 1990, 673 (use of TiCl3, NH4Oac, acetone, H2O).
Scheme 49 provides another route to azaindole intermediates which could then be further elaborated to provide compounds of Formula I, such as the amido derivatives shown. Steps G".and H" of Scheme 49 may be carried out according to the procedures described in Takahashi, K.; Shibasaki, K.; Ogura, K.; Iida, H.; Chem. Lett. 1983, 859; and Itoh, N.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1962, 10, 55. Elaboration of the intermediate to the amido compound of Formula I could be accomplished as previously described for Steps F- M' of Scheme 45.
Scheme 49
Figure imgf000115_0001
Scheme 50 shows the preparation of azaindole oxalic acid derivatives. The starting materials in Scheme 50 may be prepared according to Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 2389-2392. Steps A', B', C, and D' of Scheme 50 may be carried out according to procedures described in Jones, R.A.; Pastor, J.; Siro, J.; Voro, T.N.; Tetrahedron 1997, 53(2), 479-486; and Singh, S.K.; Dekhane, M.; Le Hyaric, M.; Potier, P.; Dodd, R.H.; Heterocycles 1997, 44(1), 379-391. Step E' of Scheme 50 could be carried out according to the procedures described in Suzuki, H.; Iwata, C; Sakurai, K.; Tokumoto, K.; Takahashi, H.; Hanada, M.; Yokoyama, Y.; Murakami, Y.; Tetrahedron 1997, 53(5), 1593-1606; Suzuki, H.; Yokoyama, Y.; Miyagi, C; Murakami, Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991, 39(8), 2170-2172; Hagen, T.J.; Narayanan, K.; Names, J.; Cook, J.M.; J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 2170; Murakami, Y.; Yokoyama, Y.; Watanabe, T.; Aoki, C; et al.; Heterocycles 1987, 26, 875; and Hagen, T. J.; Cook, J.M.; Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29(20), 2421. Step F' of Scheme 50 shows the conversion of the phenol to a fluoro, chloro or bromo derivative. Conversion of the phenol to the fluoro derivative could be carried out according to procedures described in Christe, K.O.; Pavlath, A.E.; J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 3170; Murakami, Y.; Aoyama, Y.; Nakanishi, S.; Chem. Lett. 1976, 857; Christe, K. O.; Pavlath, A. E.; J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 4104; and Christe, K.O.; Pavlath, A.E.; J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 559. Conversion of the phenol to the chloro derivative could be carried out according to procedures described in Wright, S.W.; Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 1997, 29(1), 128-131; Hartmann, H.; Schulze, M.; Guenther, R.; Dyes Pigm 1991, 16(2), 119-136 Bay, E.; Bak, D. A.; Timony, P. E.; Leone-Bay, A.; J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 3415 Hoffmann, H.; et al.; Chem. Ber. 1962, 95, 523; and Vanallan, J.A.; Reynolds, G.A. J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1022. Conversion ofthe phenol to the bromo derivative may be carried out according to procedures described in Katritzky, A.R.; Li, J.; Stevens,
CN.; Ager, D.J. Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 1994, 26(4), 439-444; Judice, J.K.; Keipert,
S.J.; Cram, D.J. J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. 1993, 17, 1323-1325; Schaeffer, J.P.; Higgins, J. J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 1607; Wiley, G.A.; Hershkowitz, R.L.;
Rein, R.M.; Chung, B.C.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 964; and Tayaka, H.;
Akutagawa, S.; Νoyori, R.; Org. Syn. 1988, 67, 20.
Figure imgf000117_0001
Scheme 51 describes methods for the preparation of azaindole acetic acid derivatives by the same methods employed for the preparation of azaindole oxalic acid derivatives as shown and described in Scheme 50 above. The starting material employed in Scheme 51 could be prepared according to J Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7788-7801. Steps A", B", C", D", and E" of Scheme 51 could be carried out in the same fashion as previously described for Steps Steps A', B', C, D', and E' of Scheme 50.
Figure imgf000118_0001
The remaining schemes provide additional background, examples, and conditions for carrying out this invention. Specific methods for prepaiing W and modifying A are presented. As shown in Scheme 52, the azaindoles may be treated with oxalyl chloride in either THF or ether to afford the desired glyoxyl chlorides according to literature procedures (Lingens, F.; Lange, J. Justus LiebigsAnn. Chem. 1970, 738, 46-53). The intermediate glyoxyl chlorides may be coupled with benzoyl piperazines (Desai, M.; Watthey, J.W. Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 1976, 8, 85-86) under basic conditions to afford compounds of Formula I directly. Scheme 52
Figure imgf000119_0001
Alternatively, Scheme 52 treatment ofthe azaindole-3 -glyoxyl chloride,
(Scheme 52) with tert-butyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate affords the piperazine coupled product. It is apparent to one skilled in the art that use of an alternative Boc protected piperazine which are synthesized as shown below would provide compounds of formula I with alternative groups of formula W. As discussed earlier, other amine protecting groups which do not require acidic deprotection conditions could be utilized if desired. Deprotection ofthe Boc group is effected with 20% TFA/CH2C12 to yield the free piperazine. This product is then coupled with carboxylic acid in the presence of polymer supported 1 -(3 -Dimethy laminopropyl)-3 -ethylcarbodumide (P- EDC) to afford products of Formula I. This sequence provides a general method for synthesizing compounds of varied A in formula I. Scheme 53
Figure imgf000120_0001
An example for preparing compounds of Formula I which possess substituents in A (or other parts ofthe molecule) which might interfere with the standard reaction schemes reactions is shown in Scheme 53. The piperazine derivative (Scheme 53) was treated with Boc-protected aminobenzoic acid in the presence of EDC to afford the piperazine diamide. A portion ofthe resulting product was separated and subjected to TFA in order to remove the Boc group, thus yielding amino derivatives.
Scheme 54
Figure imgf000121_0001
Similarly, substituents which possess a reactive alcohol can be incorporated as. below. The piperazine derivative (Scheme 54) was treated with acetoxybenzoic acid in the presence of EDC to afford the piperazine diamide derivative. A portion ofthe resulting product was separated and subjected to LiOH hydrolysis in order to remove the acetate group, thus yielding hydroxy derivatives.
Examples containing substituted piperazines are prepared using the general procedures outlined in Schemes 55-38. Substituted piperazines are either commercially available from Aldrich, Co. or prepared according to literature procedures (Behun et al, Ref. 88(a), Scheme 31, eq. 01). Hydrogenation of alkyl substituted pyrazines under 40 to 50 psi pressure in EtOH afforded substituted piperazines. When the substituent was an ester or amide, the pyrazine systems could be partially reduced to the tetrahydropyrazine (Rossen et al, Ref. 88(b), Scheme 55, eq. 02). The carbonyl substituted piperazines could be obtained under the same conditions described above by using commercially available dibenzyl piperazines (Scheme 55, eq. 03).
Scheme 55
Figure imgf000122_0001
X = OR, NR.,R2
Figure imgf000122_0002
X = OR, NRtR2
2-Trifluoromethylpiperazine (Jenneskens et al., Ref. 88c) was prepared through a four step route (Scheme 56). Using Lewis acid TiCl4, N,N'- dibenzylethylenediamine reacted with trifluoropyruvates to afford the hemiacetal, which was reduced at room temperature by Et3SiH in TFA to afford the lactam. LiAlH4 treatment then reduced the lactam to l,4-dibenzyl-2- trifluoromethylpiperazine. Finally, hydrogenation ofthe dibenzyl-2- trifluoromethylpiperazine in HOAc gave the desired product, 2- trifluoromethylpiperazine.
Scheme 56
Figure imgf000123_0001
LAH, Ether reflux
Figure imgf000123_0002
Mono-benzoylation of symmetric substituted piperazines could be achieved by using one ofthe following procedures (Scheme 57). (a) Treatment of a solution of piperazine in acetic acid with acetyl chloride afforded the desired mon-benzoylated piperazine (Desai et al. Ref. 27, Scheme 57, eq. 04). (b) Symmetric piperazines were treated with 2 equivalents of «-butyllithium, followed by the addition of benzoyl chloride at room temperature (Wang et al, Ref. 89, Scheme 57, eq. 05).
Scheme 57
Figure imgf000123_0003
A , B = alkyl substituents
Figure imgf000123_0004
A , B = alkyl substituents
Mono-benzoylation of unsymmetric substituted piperazines could be achieved by using one ofthe following procedures (Scheme 57), in which all the methods were exemplified by mono-alkyl substituted piperazines. (a) Unsymmetric piperazines were treated with 2 equivalents of H-butyllithium, followed by the addition of benzoyl chloride at room temperature to afford a mixture of two regioisomers, which could be separated by chromatography (Wang et al, Ref. 89 and 90(b), Scheme 58 eq. 06); (b) Benzoic acid was converted to its pentafluorophenyl ester, and then further reaction with 2-alkylpiperazine to provide the mono- benzoylpiperazines with the benzoyl group at the less hindered nitrogen (Adamczyk et al, Ref. 90(a), Scheme 58, eq. 07); (c) A mixture of piperazine and methyl benzoate was treated with dialkylaluminum chloride in methylene chloride for 2-4 days to yield the mono-benzoylpiperazine with the benzoyl group at the less hindered nitrogen (Scheme 58 eq. 08); (d) Unsymmetric piperazines were treated with 2 equivalents of n-butyllithium, followed by subsequent addition of triethylsilyl chloride and benzoyl chloride in THF at room temperature to afford mono- benzoylpiperazines with the benzoyl group at the more hindered nitrogen (Wang et al, Ref. 90(b), Scheme 58, eq. 09). When the substituent at position 2 was a ester or amide, the mono-benzoylation with benzoyl chloride occurred at the less hindered nitrogen ofthe piperazine with triethylamine as base in THF (Scheme 58, eq. 10).
Scheme 58
Figure imgf000124_0001
3) BzCI
Figure imgf000124_0002
eq
X = OR, NR.,R2
In the case of tetrahydropyrazines (Scheme 59, eq. 11), mono-benzoylation occurred at the more hindered nitrogen under the same conditions as those in equation 10 of Scheme 58, in the well precedented manner. (Rossen et al, Ref. 88(b)). Scheme 59
Figure imgf000125_0001
X = OR, NR,R2
Furthermore, the ester group can be selectively reduced by NaBH4 in the presence ofthe benzamide (Masuzawa et al, Ref. 91), which is shown in Scheme 60.
Scheme 60
Figure imgf000125_0002
The ester groups on either the piperazine linkers or on the azaindole nucleus could be hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid under basic conditions such as K2CO3 (Scheme 61, eq. 13) or NaOMe (Scheme 61, eq. 14) as bases in MeOH and water.
Scheme 61
Figure imgf000125_0003
Reaction of an azaindole glyoxyl chloride with substituted benzoyl piperazines or tetrahydropyrazines in CH2C12 using I-Pr2Net as base afforded the coupled products as shown in Scheme 62.
Scheme 62
Figure imgf000126_0001
In the case of coupling reactions using 3 -hydroxy Imethyl-benzoylpiperazine, the hydroxyl group was temporarily protected as its TMS ether with BSTFA (N,O- bistrimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide) (Furber et al, Ref. 92). The unprotected nitrogen atom can then be reacted with glyoxyl chlorides to form the desired diamides. During workup, the TMS masking group was removed to give free hydroxylmethylpiperazine diamides as shown in Scheme 63.
Scheme 63
Figure imgf000126_0002
Piperazine intermediates were prepared using standard chemistry as shown in Scheme 64. Scheme 64
Figure imgf000127_0001
X = CH; N
Scheme 65
Scheme 65 depicts some more specific methodology for preparing 5-azindoles for use in prpeartion ofthe claimed compounds. Some reductive cyclizations conditions include Fe in acetic acid, Tin II chloride in aq HCI, or Zinc powder in acetic acid. Hydrogenation condititons or other conditions used in LeimGruber- Batch indole synthesis sequences can alo be employed.
More specific route to 5-azaindoles:
Figure imgf000127_0002
X= chloro or bromo or may be converted to a substituent and then carried through the sequence
Tautomers of nitrogen containing heterocycles are covered by this patent application. For example, a hydroxy pyrazine is also known to represent its corresponding tautomer as well as shown in Scheme 66. Scheme 66
also represents the other tautomer
Figure imgf000128_0002
Figure imgf000128_0001
Scheme 67-74 provides some nonlimiting methodology for the preparation of substituted pyrazines which can be incorporated into substituents of compounds of claim 1 , particularly as part of R4. It should be noted that the nomenclature in these schemes does not coincide with that ofthe claims but rather shows examples of methods which can be used to prepare pieces which make up the compounds ofthe claims. Thus Rj and R2 in these schemes does not refer to the Rl and R2 in the claims but for example refers to chemically compatible groups which might be envisioned by chemists skilled in the art and which can be utilized to prepare compounds ofthe claims.
Scheme 67
Pyrazines
Figure imgf000129_0001
Ri and/or R2 are(is)
'Vf/'Heteocycle
Figure imgf000129_0002
Scheme A
Figure imgf000129_0003
Figure imgf000129_0004
Scheme 68
Figure imgf000130_0001
Figure imgf000130_0002
BMS-515816
F.
Figure imgf000130_0003
e.g. BMS-540345 e. g. BMS-526348
Scheme 69
Figure imgf000131_0001
Figure imgf000131_0002
Figure imgf000131_0003
Figure imgf000131_0004
Figure imgf000131_0005
Figure imgf000131_0006
Figure imgf000131_0007
Figure imgf000131_0008
excess
Figure imgf000131_0009
Scheme 70 Thiazole
lodoform reaction
Figure imgf000132_0001
157025-36-0
Amide Coupling
Figure imgf000132_0003
Figure imgf000132_0002
is)
Als ' -Heteocycle
Figure imgf000132_0004
R , R5, R6 could be defined similar to Rt and R2
Figure imgf000132_0005
Amide formation
Figure imgf000132_0006
Figure imgf000132_0007
Stille Coupling
OH"
Figure imgf000132_0008
Figure imgf000132_0009
173979-00-5
Amide formation
Figure imgf000132_0010
Figure imgf000132_0011
Scheme 71
Figure imgf000133_0001
BMS-537660
H+ Amide
Figure imgf000133_0003
Formation
Figure imgf000133_0002
Figure imgf000133_0004
BMS-537660
irV* HNRiR2
DMForTHf
Figure imgf000133_0005
with or without c NaH
Figure imgf000133_0006
NaH
HNRiR2
-Br Pd(0)
X~ NR1R2 N i 2
Br DMForTHf Bu3Sn-SnBu3
Br Bu3Sn with or without NaH
Scheme 72
Figure imgf000134_0001
BMS-537660 RS02CI
Base
Scheme 73
Figure imgf000135_0001
Figure imgf000135_0002
Br
Figure imgf000135_0003
1 : 1
Figure imgf000135_0004
Bn
Figure imgf000135_0005
Figure imgf000135_0006
yield low
Figure imgf000135_0007
Figure imgf000135_0008
rxcess Scheme 74
Figure imgf000136_0001
Figure imgf000136_0002
Figure imgf000136_0003
1 : 1
Figure imgf000136_0004
Figure imgf000136_0005
Figure imgf000136_0006
yield low
Figure imgf000136_0007
Throughout the chemistry discussion, chemical transformations which are well known in the art have been discussed. The average practioner in the art knows these transformations well and a comprehensive list of useful conditions for nearly all the transformations is available to organic chemists and this list is contained in reference 52 authored by Larock and is incorporated in its entirety for the synthesis of compounds of Formula I. Chemistry
General:
Additional preparations of starting materials and intermediates are contained in Wang et. al. PCT WO 01/62255 which is incorporated by reference.
Chemistry
All Liquid Chromatography (LC) data were recorded on a Shimadzu LC-
10AS liquid chromatograph using a SPD-10AN UV-Nis detector with Mass Spectrometry (MS) data determined using a Micromass Platform for LC in electrospray mode.
LC/MS Method (i.e., compound identification)
Column A: YMC ODS-A S7 3.0x50 mm column
Column B: PHX-LUΝA Cl 8 4.6x30 mm column
Column C: XTERRA ms Cl 8 4.6x30 mm column
Column D: YMC ODS-A Cl 8 4.6x30 mm column
Column E: YMC ODS-A Cl 8 4.6x33 mm column
Column F: YMC C18 S5 4.6x50 mm column
Column G: XTERRA Cl 8 S7 3.0x50 mm column
Gradient: 100% Solvent A / 0% Solvent B to 0% Solvent A / 100%
Solvent B
Solvent A = 10% MeOH - 90% H2O - 0.1% TFA, Solvent B = 90% MeOH - 10%
H2O - 0.1% TFA; and R, in min. Gradient time: 2 minutes
Hold time 1 minute Flow rate: 5 mL/min
Detector Wavelength: 220 nm
Solvent A: 10% MeOH / 90% H2O / 0.1 % Trifluoroacetic Acid
Solvent B : 10% H2O / 90% MeOH / 0.1 % Trifluoroacetic Acid
Compounds purified by preparative HPLC were diluted in MeOH (1.2 mL) and purified using the following methods on a Shimadzu LC-10A automated preparative HPLC system or on a Shimadzu LC-8A automated preparative HPLC system with detector (SPD-10AN UN- VIS) wavelength and solvent systems (A and
B) the same as above.
Preparative HPLC Method (i.e., compound purification)
Purification Method: Initial gradient (40% B, 60% A) ramp to final gradient (100% B, 0% A) over 20 minutes, hold for 3 minutes (100% B, 0% A)
Solvent A: 10% MeOH / 90% H2O / 0.1 % Trifluoroacetic Acid
Solvent B : 10% H2O / 90% MeOH / 0.1 % Trifluoroacetic Acid
Column: YMC C18 S5 20x100 mm column
Detector Wavelength: 220 nm
Typical Procedures and Characterization of Selected Examples:
Preparation of Intermediates: Intermediate 1
Figure imgf000139_0001
4-Methoxyphenylboronic acid (24.54 g), 4-chloro-3-nitropyridine hydrochloride (26.24 g), Pd(Ph3P)4 (4 g) and K2CO3 (111 g) were combined in DME (500 mL). The reaction was heated to reflux for 10 hours. After the mixture cooled down to room temperature, it was poured into saturated aqueous NH4OAc (500 mL )solution. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 200 mL). The combined extract was concentrated to give a residue which was purified using silica gel chromatography (10% to 30% EtOAc / PE) to afford 10.6 g of Intermediate 1, 3- Nitro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C12HπN2O3: 231.08; found 231.02. HPLC retention time: 1.07 minutes (column B).
Intermediate la
Alternate route to 5-azaindoles:
C
Figure imgf000139_0002
2-methoxy-5-bromo pyridine can be purchased from Aldrich (or others) or prepared. Oxidation with 1.1 eq of MCPBA in dichloromethane (20ml per 10.6 mmol bromide) in the presence of anhydrous MgSO4 (0.4g per mL dichloromethane) with stirring from 0° to ambient temperature for approximately 14 h provided the N-oxide after workup and flash chromatographic purification over silica gel using a 5% Etoac/Hexane gradient of increasing EtOAc. The N-oxide (1.6g) was dissolved in lOmL 98% sulfuric acid and cooled to 0°. 10 mL of 69% nitric acid was added and then allowed to warm to ambient temp with stirring. The reaction was then heated and stirred at 80° C for 14h and then poured over ice , extracted with dichloromethane, washed with water, and concentrated to give a yellow solid which was purified by flash chromatography over Silica gel using LlEtOAc/hexane and then a gradient to provide a yellow crystalline solid: ). !H NMR (CDC13) δ 8.50 (s,lH), 7.59 (s,lH), 4.12 (3H, s). LC MS showed desired M+H. The N-oxide was reduced by dissolving the startingmaterial in dichloromethane (0.147M substrate) and cooling to 0°. A solution of 1.2 eq PC13 (0.44M) in dicloromethane was added slowly to keep the reaction at 0°. Warm to ambient temp and stir for 72h. Aqueous workup and concentration provided a yellow solid which could be used in subsequent reactions or purified by chromatography. Note: a similar sequence could be used with 2-methoxy-5-chloro-pyridine as starting material.
Intermediate 2a
Figure imgf000140_0001
Typical procedure for preparing azaindole from nitropyridine: Preparation of 7-chloro-6-azaindole, Intermediate 2a, is an example of Step A of Scheme 1. 2- chloro-3 -nitropyridine (5.0g, 31.5mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (200 mL). After the solution was cooled to -78 °C, vinyl magnesium bromide (1.0M in THF, 100 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction temperature was maintained at -78°C for 1 h, and then at -20 °C for another 12 h before it was quenched by addition of 20% NH4C1 aqueous solution (150 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 150 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4 , filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc / Hexane, 1 / 10) to afford 1.5g (31%) of 7-chloro-6- azaindole, Intermediate 2a. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.84 (d, IH, J= 10.7 Hz), 7.55 (dd, IH, J = 10.9, 5.45 Hz), 6.62 (d, IH, J = 5.54 Hz), 4.89 (s, IH). MS /z: (M+H)+ calcd for C7H6C1N2: 153.02; found 152.93. HPLC retention time: 0.43 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 2b
Figure imgf000141_0001
Intermediate 2b, 7-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-azaindole, was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 2a starting from 3-Nitro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridine, Intermediate 1. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C14H13N2O: 225.10; found 225.02. HPLC retention time: 1.39 minutes (column B).
Intermediate 2c
Figure imgf000141_0002
Intermediate 2c, 4-bromo-7-chloro-6-azaindole, was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 2a, starting from 2-Chloro-3-nitro-5-bromo-pyridine (available from Aldrich, Co.). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C7H5BrClN2: 230.93 ; found 231.15. HPLC retention time : 1.62 minutes (column B).
Intermediate 2d
Figure imgf000141_0003
Intermediate 2d, 4-fluoro-7-chloro-6-azaindole (above), was prepared according to the following scheme:
Figure imgf000142_0001
A) fuming HN03, H2S04;
B) POCI3/DMF, 110°C;
C) vinylmagnesium bromide, THF, -78°C ~ -20°C
It should be noted that 2-chloro-5-fluoro-3-nitro pyridine, zz3', may be prepared by the method in example 5B ofthe reference Marfat, A. ; and Robinson, R. P. ; "Azaoxindole Derivatives" US. Patent 5,811,432 1998. The preparation below provides some details which enhance the yields of this route.
In Step A, compound zzl ' (1.2 g, 0.01 mol) was dissolved in sulfuric acid (2.7 mL) at room temperature. Premixed fuming nitric acid (1 mL) and sulfuric acid was added dropwise at 5-10 °C to the solution of compound zzl'. The reaction mixture was then heated at 85 °C for 1 hour, then was cooled to room temperature and poured into ice (20 g). The yellow solid precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and air dried to provide 1.01 g of compound zz2 ' .
In Step B, compound zz2' (500 mg, 3.16 mmol) was dissolved in phosphorous oxychloride (1.7 mL, 18.9 mmol) and dimethoxyethane at room temperature. The reaction was heated to 110 °C for 5 hours. The excess phosphorous oxychloride was then removed by concentrating the reaction mixture in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel, eluted with chloroform (100%) to afford 176 mg of product zz3'.
In Step C, compound zz3' (140 mg, 0.79 mmol) was dissolved in THF (5 mL) and cooled to -78 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this solution was added dropwise a solution of vinyl magnesium bromide (1.2 mmol, 1.0 M in diethyl ether,
1.2 mL). The reaction mixture was then kept at -20 °C for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was then quenched with saturated ammonium chloride, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica to provide 130 mg of intermediate 2i. !H NMR (500
MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.78 (s, IH), 7.60 (d, IH, J= 3.0 Hz), 6.71 (d, IH, J= 3.05 Hz). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C7H5C1FN2: 171.10; found 171.00. HPLC retention time: 1.22 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 2d, 4-fluoro-7-chloro-6-azaindole, was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 2a, starting from 2-Chloro-3-nitro-5-fluoro-pyridine which was prepared according to the procedure above. Experimental details for this preparation are contained in Wang et. al. PCT WO 01/62255. Η NMR (500 MHz,
CD3OD) δ 7.78 (s, IH), 7.60 (d, IH, J= 3.0 Hz), 6.71 (d, IH, J= 3.05 Hz). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C7H5C1FN2: 171.10; found 171.00. HPLC retention time: 1.22 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 2e
Figure imgf000143_0001
Intermediate 2e was prepared by either Method A or Method B, below:
Method A: A mixture of 4-bromo-7-chloro-6-azaindole (1 g), Cul (0.65 g) and NaOMe (4 mL, 25% in methanol) in MeOH (16 mL) was heated at 110 - 120 °C for 16 hours in a sealed tube. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was neutralized with IN HCI to pH 7. The aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). Then the combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue, which was purified by using silica gel chromotography to give 0.3 g of 4-methoxy-7-chloro-6- azaindole, Intermediate 2e. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C8H8ClN2O: 183.03; found 183.09. HPLC retention time: 1.02 minutes (column B).
Method B :A mixture of 4-bromo-7-chloro-6-azaindole (6 g), CuBr (3.7 g) and NaOMe (30 mL, 5% in MeOH) was heated at 110°C for 24 hours in a sealed tube. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was added to saturated aqueous NH4C1. The resulting aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford a residue, which was purified by using silica gel chromotography to give 1.8 g of 4-methoxy-7-chloro-6-azaindole, Intermediate 2e.
Intermediate 2f
Figure imgf000144_0001
Intermediate 2f, 7-bromo-6-azaindole was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 2a, starting from 2-Bromo-3-nitro-pyridine (available from Aldrich, Co.). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C7H6BrN2: 197.97; found 197.01. HPLC retention time: 0.50 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 2g
Figure imgf000144_0002
Intermediate 2g, 7-chloro-4-azaindole was prepared by the same method as
Intermediate 2a, starting from 4-Chloro-3-nitro-pyridine (HCI salt, available from Austin Chemical Company, Inc.). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C7H6C1N2: 153.02; found 152.90. HPLC retention time: 0.45 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 2h
Figure imgf000144_0003
Intermediate 2h, 5-chloro-7-methyl-4-azaindole was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 2a, starting from 2-Chloro-4-methyl-5-nitro-pyridine (available from Aldrich, Co.). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C8H8C1N2: 167.04; found 166.99. HPLC retention time: 1.22 minutes (column B).
Example 2i
Figure imgf000145_0001
Intermediate 2j, 4-fluoro-7-bromo-6-azaindole, was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 2e, using POBr3 in the step B instead of POCl3. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C7H5BrFN2: 214.96; found 214.97. HPLC retention time: 1.28 minutes (column G).
Intermediate 2j
Figure imgf000145_0002
To a mixture of 5-bromo-2-chloro-3 -nitropyridine (10 g, 42 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (100 ml) was added pyrazole (5.8 g, 85 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at
120°C for 26.5 h., and then evaporated after cooling to r.t. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (0 to 5% EtOAc/Hexanes) to give the desired product 5-Bromo-3-nitro-2-pyrazol-l-yl-ρyridine . *H NMR: (CD3OD) δ 8.77 (s, IH), 8.56 (s, IH), 8.45 (s, IH), 7.73 (s, IH), 6.57 (s, IH); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 269, 271, HPLC Rt = 1.223.
To a 250 mL round bottom flask was charged 5-Bromo-3-nitro-2-pyrazol-l -yl- pyridine (1.02 g, 3.8 mmol) and THF (30 ml). The mixture was then cooled to -
78°C, and added a THF solution of vinylmagnesium bromide (23 mL, 18.4 mmol, 0.8
M). After three minutes, the reaction mixture was warmed to -45°C and remained stirring for 1 h. The reaction was then quenched with ammonium chloride, and the resulting mixture extracted with EtOAc. The combined extracts were evaporated in vacuo, and the residue purified by flash column chromatography (5% EtOAc/Hexanes) to give compound 2 (which by HPLC contained about 50% of a side product, presumably 3-vinylamino of compound 1) ; Η NMR: (CDC13) δ 10.75 (b s, IH), 8.73 (s, IH), 8.10 (s, IH), 7.82 (s, IH), 7.52 (s, IH), 6.67 (s, IH), 6.53 (s, IH); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H) = 262, 264; HPLC R, = 1.670.
Intermediate 2k
Figure imgf000146_0001
To a solution of 2-bromo-5-chloro-3 -nitropyridine 5 (20 g, 84 mmol, prepared in 2 steps from 2-amino-5-chloropyridine as described in WO9622990) in THF (300 ml) at -78°C was charged a THF solution of vinylmagnesium bromide (280 ml, 252 mmol, 0.9 M). The resulting mixture was stirred at -78°C for one hour, followed by quenching with aqueous ammonium chloride (500 ml, sat.) and extracted with EtOAc (5 x 500 ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 500 ml, sat.) and water (3 x 500 ml), dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give a brownish residue. The crude material was triturated with CH2C12, and the solid formed filtered to give compound 6 as a yellow solid (8.0 g, 41%); *H NMR: (DMSO-βfo) 12.30 (b s, IH), 7.99 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, J= 3.0, IH), 6.71 (d, J= 3.0, IH); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 231, 233, 235; HPLC R, = 1.833.
Intermediate 2m
Figure imgf000146_0002
4-Fluoro-7-Bromo-6-azaindole (500 mg, 1.74 mmol) was dissolved in THF (5ml) and cooled to -78°C and «-BuLi (2.5 M, 2.1 ml) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 15 min, then stirred at 0°C for 30 min. The reation was cooled to -78°C again, and DMF(0.7 ml, 8.7mmol) was added. After stirring for 30 min, water was added to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered, concentrated and chromatographied to afford 208 mg of intermediate 2m. LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 164.98. Rt = 0.44 min.
Intermediate 2n
Figure imgf000147_0001
A mixture of intermediate 2m (50 mg, 0.30 mmol), potassium carbonate (42 mg, 0.30 mmol) and tosylmethyl isocyanide (60 mg,0.30 mmol) in MeOH(3ml) was heated to reflux for about 2 hr. The solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was treated with ice water and extracted with ether. The organic layer was washed with an aqueous solution of HCI (2%), water and dried over magnesium sulfate. After filtration and evaporation of the solvent, the residue was purified on silica to afford the title compound (60mg).LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 204. Rt - 0.77 min.
Intermediate 2o
Figure imgf000147_0002
4-Fluoro-7-Bromo-6-azaindole (510 mg, 2.39 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 mL) was treated with copper cyanide (430 mg, 4.8 mmol) at 150°C in a seal tube for lh. An aqueous solution of NH4OH (10 mL) was added and the reaction was extracted with diethylether (2 x 50 mL) and ethylacetate (2 x 50 mL). The organic phases were combined and dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated in vacuum and chromatographied on silica gel (gradient elution AcOEt/Hexanes 0-30%) to afford the title compound as a brownish solid (255 mg, 66%) LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 162. Intermediate 2p
Figure imgf000148_0001
Intermediate 2o (82 mg, 0.51 mmol) was dissolved in absolute ethanol (200% proof, 5 mL) and treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (53 mg, 0.76 mmol) and triethylamine (140 μL, 1.0 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated up at 80°C in a seal tube for 2h. The solvent was removed in vacuum and the pale yellow solid residue was washed with water to afford the title compound. LC/MS: (ES+) m z (M+H)+ = 195. This compound was taken to the next step without further purification.
Intermediate 2q
Figure imgf000148_0002
Intermediate 2p was dissolved in trimethylorthoformate (1 mL) and heated at 85 °C in a seal tube for lh, then it was cooled to rt, the solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was chromatographied on silica gel (AcOEt/Hexanes, gradient elution 10- 60%) to afford the title compound (54 mg, LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ =205).
Intermediate 2r
Figure imgf000148_0003
Intermediate 2q (100 mg, 0.62 mmol, crude) in ethanol (5 mL) was treated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (50%, 2 mL) and the reaction mixture was heated at 110°C overnight in a seal tube. The pH was adjusted to 2 with HCI (6N) and a brown precipitate was filtered off. The solution was concentrated to dryness to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ =181. This compound was used without further purification.
Intermediate 2s
Figure imgf000149_0001
Intermediate 2r (0.62 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (1 mL) and treated with 3- aminopyridine (58.3 mg, 0.62 mmol), DEBT (185 mg, 0.62) and Hunig's base (216 μL, 1.26 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18h. Water was added and the reaction was extracted with AcOEt (2 x 25 mL) and CHC13 (2 x 25 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated and chromatographied on silica gel (AcOEt/Hexanes gradient elution 0-50%) to afford the title compound as a brownish solid LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ =257.
Intermediate 2s
Figure imgf000149_0002
Intermediate 2h, 4-methoxy-7-bromo-5-azaindole was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 2a, starting from 2-methoxy-5-bromo-4-nitro-pyridine (intermediate la). Η NMR (CDC13) δ 8.52 (s,lH), 7.84 (s,lH), 7.12 (t, IH), 6.68 (d, IH), 3.99 (s, 3H). LC MS showed desired M+H. Intermediate 2t
Figure imgf000150_0001
A mixture of aldehyde intermediate 2m (150 mg, 0.91 mmol), sodium cyanide (44mg, 0.091mmol) and tosylmethyl isocyanide (177 mg, 0.91 mmol) in EtOH(3ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30min, then filtered and the crystals were washed with ether-hexane (1:1) and dried. The obtained crystals, and a saturated solution of ammonia in dry methanol (8ml) were heated between 100-110°C for 16hr. The mixture was concentrated and chromatographed to provide 20mg of intermediate 2. LC/MS : (ES+) m/z(m+H)+ = 203. Rt = 0.64 min.
Intermediate 3a
Figure imgf000150_0002
Typical procedure for acylation of azaindole: Preparation of Methyl (7-chloro-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 3 a is an example of Step B of Scheme 1. 7- Chloro-6-azaindole, Intermediate 2a (0.5 g, 3.3 mmol) was added to a suspension of A1C13 (2.2 g, 16.3 mmol) in CH2C12 (100 mL). Stirring was continued at rt for 10 minutes before methyl chlorooxoacetate (2.0 g, 16.3 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction was stirred for 8 h. The reaction was quenched with iced aqueous NH4OAc solution (10%, 200 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2C12 (3 x lOOmL). The combined organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was carried to the next step without further purification. Intermediate 2, Methyl (7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetate: MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C10H8C1N2O3: 239.02; found 238.97. HPLC retention time: 1.07 minutes (column A). Intermediate 3b
Figure imgf000151_0001
Intermediate 3b, Methyl (6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 3a, starting from 6-azaindole. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C10H9N2O3: 205.06; found 205.14. HPLC retention time: 0.49 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 3c
Figure imgf000151_0002
Intermediate 3c, Methyl (7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 3 a, starting from 7-(4- methoxyphenyl)-4-azaindole (Intermediate 2b). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C17H15N2O4: 311.10; found 311.04. HPLC retention time: 1.15 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 3d
Figure imgf000151_0003
Intermediate 3d, methyl (7-chloro-4-methoxy-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 3 a, starting from Intermediate 2e, 4-methoxy-7-chloro-6-azaindole. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C12H12ClN2O4: 283.05; found 283.22. HPLC retention time: 1.37 minutes (column B). Intermediate 3e
Figure imgf000152_0001
Intermediate 3e, Methyl (7-chloro-4-fluoro-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 3 a starting from Intermediate 2d, 4- fluoro-7-chloro-6-azaindole. . Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.63 "(s, IH), 8.00 (s, IH), 3.95 (s, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C]0H7C1FN2O3: 257.01; found 257.00. HPLC retention time: 1.26 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 3f
Figure imgf000152_0002
Intermediate 3f, Methyl (7-chloro-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 3a, starting from Intermediate 2g, 7-chloro-4- azaindole. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C10H8C1N2O3: 239.02; found 238.97. HPLC retention time: 0.60 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 3g
Figure imgf000152_0003
Intermediate 3g, Methyl (5-chloro-7-methyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 3 a, starting from Intermediate 2h, 5- chloro-7-methyl-4-azaindole. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for CUH10C1N2O3: 253.04; found 252.97. HPLC retention time: 1.48 minutes (column B).
Intermediate 4a
Figure imgf000153_0001
Typical procedure of hydrolysis of ester: Preparation of Potassium (7-chloro- 6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 4a, is an example of Step C of Scheme 1. Crude methyl (7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 3a, and an excess of K2CO3 (2 g) were dissolved in MeOH (20 mL) and H2O (20 mL). After 8 h, the solution was concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to provide 200 mg of Potassium (7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetate. MS m/z: (M+H)+ of the corresponding acid was observed. Calc'd for C9H6ClN2O3 : 225.01; found 225.05. HPLC retention time: 0.83 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 4b
Figure imgf000154_0001
Potassium (6-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate, Intermediate 4b, was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 4a, starting from Methyl (6-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate, Intermediate 3b. MS m/z: (M+H)+ of the corresponding acid was observed. Calc'd for C9H7N2O3: 191.05; Found 190.99. HPLC retention time: 0.12 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 4c
Figure imgf000154_0002
Intermediate 4c, Potassium (7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetate, was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 4a, starting from Methyl (7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 3c. MS m/z: (M-K+H)+ calcd for C16H13N2O4: 297.07; found 297.04. HPLC retention time: 1.00 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 4d
Figure imgf000154_0003
Intermediate 4d, Potassium (7-chloro-4-methoxy-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 4a starting from Methyl (7-chloro-
4-methoxy-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 3d. MS m/z: (M+H)+ of the corresponding acid of compound 4d (M-K+H)" calcd for C10HSC1N2O4: 255.02; found 255.07. HPLC retention time: 0.74 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 4e
Figure imgf000155_0001
Intermediate 4e, Potassium (7-chloro-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 4a, starting from Methyl (7-chloro-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 3f . MS m/z: (M+H)+ of the corresponding acid of compound 4e (M-K+H)" calcd for C9H6ClN2O3: 225.01; found 225.27. HPLC retention time: 0.33 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 4f
Figure imgf000155_0002
Intermediate 4f, Potassium (5-chloro-7-methyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 4a, starting from Methyl (5-chloro- 7-methyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 3g. MS m/z (M+H)" of the corresponding acid of compound 4f (M-K+H)+ calcd for C10H8C1N2O3: 239.02; found 238.94. HPLC retention time: 1.24 minutes (column B). Intermediate 4g
Figure imgf000156_0001
Intermediate 4g, Potassium (7-bromo-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 4a, starting from Methyl (7-bromo-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate (prepared according to the method of Intermediate 3 a from
7-Bromo-6-azaindole, Intermediate 2f). Η NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.59 (s, IH), 8.16 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.08 (d, IH, J = 5.45 Hz); 13C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6) Dδ 180.5, 164.0, 141.6, 140.4, 132.4, 125.3, 115.5, 113.0.
Intermediate 4h
Figure imgf000156_0002
Intermediate 4h, Potassium (7-bromo-4-fluoro-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 4a, starting from Methyl (7-bromo- 4-fluoro-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate (prepared according to the method of Intermediate 3a from 7-Bromo-4-fluoro-6-azaindole, Intermediate 2i). MS m/z: (M+H)" of the corresponding acid of compound 4g (M-K+H)" calcd for C9H5BrFN2O3: 286.95; found 286.94. HPLC retention time: 0.94 minutes (column A). Intermediate 41
Figure imgf000157_0001
l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (0.172 g, 1.1 mmol) was added to aluminum chloride (0.560 g, 4.2 mmol), and the mixture vigorously stirred. Upon formation of a liquid, intermediate 2j was added, followed by ethyl chlorooxoacetate (0.12 ml, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir at r.t. for 16 h, after which additional chlorooxoacetate was added (0.12 ml, 1.1 mmol). Following this addition, the reaction was allowed to stir at r.t. for another 24 h. The flask was cooled to 0°C and water added, upon which precipitates were formed. The solid material was filtered, washed with water and methanol, and dried under high vacuum to give compound 3; LC MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H) = 334, 336; HPLC R, = 1.390.
Intermediate 4j
Figure imgf000157_0002
To l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (2.54 g, 17.3 mmol) was added aluminum chloride (6.91 g, 51.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred vigorously at ambient temperature for ten minutes. To the resulting yellow liquid was added intermediate 2k (2.0 g, 8.64 mmol) and ethyl chlorooxoacetate (2.0 ml, 17.3 mmol), and was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then added ice/water (300 ml) to give precipitates, which were filtered and washed with water to give the title compound as a yellow solid (1.98 g). The aqueous solution was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 300 ml), and the extracts evaporated in vacuo to give a second batch of compound 8 as a yellow solid (439 mg, total yield 92%); Η NMR: (DMSO-cfø) 14.25 (b s, IH), 13.37 (s, IH), 8.56 (s, IH), 8.18 (s, IH); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 303, 305, 307; HPLC R< = 1.360. Intermediate 4k
Figure imgf000158_0001
l-Ethyl-3-methy limidazolium chloride (82mg, 0.56 mmol) was added to a flask which contained intermediate 2n (56 mg, 0.28 mmol) and the mixture was cooled to
0°C. Aluminum chloride (336 mg, 2.52 mmol) was added in one portion followed by
ClCOCOOEt (58 μL, 0.56 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. Ice water was added to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered. The solid was washed with water and diethylether and dried in air to afford the title compound (58mg). LC/MS: (ES") m/z (M+H)" = 276. Rt = 0.85 min.
Intermediate 4m
Figure imgf000158_0002
l-Ethyl-3-methy limidazolium chloride (73mg, 0.52 mmol) and aluminum chloride (198 mg, 1.56 mmol) were stirred together under nitrogen for lh. To this solution was added intemediate 2q (54 mg, 0.26 mmol) and ethyloxalylchloride ( 58 μL, 0.52 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 18h. The reaction was quenched with water and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. The solid was collected by filtration and washed with water and diethylether. LC/MS (ES+) m/z (M+H)" =276. This compound was used without further purification. Intermediate 4n
Figure imgf000159_0001
1-Ethy 1-3 -methy limidazolium chloride (26mg, 0.18 mmol) was added to a flask which contained intermediate 2t (18 mg, 0.09 mmol) and the mixture was cooled to
0°C. Aluminum chloride (92 mg, 0.54mmol) was added in one portion followed by
ClCOCOOEt (20μL, 0.18 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. Ice water was added to quench the reaction. The reaction mixture was filtered. The solid was washed with water and diethylether and dried in air to afford compound D (18mg). LC/MS: (ES") m/z(m+H)+ = 275. Rt = 0.49 min.
Intermediate 5a
Figure imgf000159_0002
Typical procedure for coupling piperazine derivative and azaindole acid: Preparation of 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4- [(7-chloro-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine, Intermediate 5, is an example of Step D of Scheme 1. Potassium 7-chloro-6-azaindole 3-glyoxylate, Intermediate 4a, (100 mg, 0.44 mmol), 3-(R -methyl-l-benzoylpiperazine (107 mg, 0.44 mol), 3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)- l,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (DEPBT) (101 mg, 0.44 mol) and Ηunig's Base (diisopropylethy lamine, 0.5 mL) were combined in 5 mL of DMF. The mixture was stirred at rt for 8 h. DMF was removed via evaporation at reduced pressure and the residue was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative ΗPLC System to give 1 -(benzoyl)-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]-piperazine (70 mg, 39%). MS m/z: (M+Η)" Calc'd for C21Η20C1N4O3: 411.12; Found 411.06. HPLC retention time: 1.32 minutes (column A). Intermediate 5b
Figure imgf000160_0001
Intermediate 5b, 1 -benzoyl-4- [(7-chloro-4-methoxy-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5a starting from Potassium (7-chloro-4-methoxy-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 4d, and 1-benzoylpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C21H20C1N4O4: 427.12; found 427.12. HPLC retention time: 1.28 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 5c
Figure imgf000160_0002
Intermediate 5c, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-chloro-4-methoxy-6-azaindol-
3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5 a starting from Potassium (7-chloro-4-methoxy-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate,
Intermediate 4d, and 1-benzoylpiperazine. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.10 (s, IH), 7.72 (s, IH), 7.40 (s, 5H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.71 - 3.40 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C22H22ClN4O4: 441.13; found 441.17. HPLC retention time: 1.33 minutes (column A). Intermediate 5d
Figure imgf000161_0001
Intermediate 5d, 1 -benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-chloro-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5 a, starting from Potassium (7-chloro-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 4e, and 1- benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C21H20C1N4O3 411.12, found 411.04. HPLC retention time: 1.10 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 5e
Figure imgf000161_0002
Intermediate 5e, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-methyl-4-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5a, starting from Potassium (5-chloro-7-methyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetate, Intermediate 4f, and l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)" calcd for C22H22ClN4O3 425.24, found 425.04. HPLC retention time: 1.72 minutes (column B).
Intermediate 5f
Figure imgf000161_0003
Intermediate 5f, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-bromo-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5a, starting from (7-bromo-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetic acid potassium salt, Intermediate 4g, and l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methylpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C21H20BrN4O3: 455.07; found 455.14. HPLC retention time: 1.45 minutes (column B).
Intermediate 5g
Figure imgf000162_0001
Intermediate 5g, l-benzoyl-4-[(7-bromo-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5a, starting from (7-bromo-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetic acid potassium salt, Intermediate 4g, and 1-benzoylpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)" calcd for C20H18BrN4O3: 441.06; found 441.07. HPLC retention time: 1.43 minutes (column B).
Intermediate 5h
Figure imgf000162_0002
Intermediate 5h, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5 a starting from Potassium (6-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate, Intermediate 4b, and l-benzoyl-3-(R)- methylpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)" Calc'd for C21H21N4O3: 377.16; Found 377.10. HPLC retention time: 0.88 minutes (column A). Intermediate 5i
Figure imgf000163_0001
Addition of intermediate 2d to a solution of aluminum trichloride in dichloromethane stirring at ambient temperature followed 30 minutes later with chloromethyl or chloroethyl oxalate (according to the method described for intermediate 3a) provides either the methyl or ethyl ester, respectively. Hydrolysis with KOH (as in the standard hydrolysis procedure described for intermediate 4a) provided potassium (7-chloro-4-fluoro-6-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate. Potassium (7- chloro-4-fluoro-6-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate was then reacted with 1 -benzoyl piperazine in the presence of DEPBT under the standard conditions (as described for intermediate 5 a) to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-fluoro-7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine, intermediate 5i. ' H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.40 (s, IH), 8.04 (s, IH), 7.46 (bs, 5H), 3.80-3.50 (m, 8H); LC/MS (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ 415 observed; retention time 1.247 minutes; LC/MS method: YMC ODS-A C18 S7 3.0 x 50 mm column; Start %B = 0, Final %B = 100, Gradient time = 2 minutes; Flow rate = 5 mL/min; detector wavelength = 220 nm.
Intermediate 5j
Figure imgf000163_0002
l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(4-fluoro-7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]- piperazine was prepared by coupling potassium (7-chloro-4-fluoro-6-azaindol-3- yl)oxoacetate, prepared as described above for intermediate 5i, with l-benzoyl-3-(R)~ methylpiperazine in the presence of DEPBT under the standard conditions (as described for intermediate 5a) to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(4-fluoro-7- chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl] piperazine, intermediate 5j. λ H NMR (500 MHz,
CD3OD) δ 8.42, 8.37 (s, s, IH), 8.03 (s, IH), 7.71-7.45 (m, 5H), 4.72-3.05 (m, 7H), 1.45-1.28 (m, 3H); LC/MS (ES") m/z (M+H)+ 429 observed; retention time 1.297 minutes; LC/MS method: YMC ODS-A C18 S7 3.0 x 50 mm column; Start %B = 0, Final %B = 100, Gradient time = 2 minutes; Flow rate = 5 rnL/min; detector wavelength = 220 nm.
Intermediate 5k
Figure imgf000164_0001
Intermediate 5k, l-benzoyl-4-[(7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5 a, starting from (7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetic acid potassium salt, Intermediate 4a, and 1-benzoylpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C20H18C1N4O3: 397.11; found 396.97. HPLC retention time: 2.37 minutes (column F, gradient time = 3 min, flow rate = 4 ml/min).
Intermediate 51
Figure imgf000164_0002
Intermediate 51, l-picolinoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5a starting from Potassium (4-methoxy-7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate, Intermediate 4d, and picolinoyl-piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ8.63 - 7.45 (m, 7 H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.82 - 2.50 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C20H19C1N5O4: 428.11 ; Found 428.11. HPLC retention time: 1.09 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 5m
Figure imgf000165_0001
Intermediate 5m, (R)-l-picolinoyl-3- methyl-4-[(7-bromo-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5 a starting from Potassium (7-bromo-6-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate, Intermediate 4g, and (R)-3- methyl-1-picolinoyl-piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)" Calc'd for C20H19BrN5O3: 456.07; Found 456.11. HPLC retention time : 1.12 minutes (column A) .
Intermediate 5n
Figure imgf000165_0002
Intermediate 5n, (S)-l-picolinoyl-3- methyl-4-[(7-bromo-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5 a starting from Potassium (7-bromo-6-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate, Intermediate 4g, and (S)-3- methyl-1-picolinoyl-piperazine. ΗNMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ8.63 - 7.36 (m, 7H), 5.02 - 3.06 (m, 7H), 1.42 - 1.26 (m, 3H). Intermediate 5o
Figure imgf000166_0001
Intermediate 5o, (R)-l-picolinoyl-3- methyl-4-[(7-bromo-4-fluoro-6-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5 a starting from Potassium (7-bromo-4-fluoro-6-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate, Intermediate
4h, and (R)-3 -methyl- 1-picolinoyl-piperazine. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.68 - 7.52 (m, 6H), 4.94 - 2.69 (m, 7H), 1.48 - 1.24 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)" Calc'd for C20H18BrFN5O3: 474.06; Found 474.23. HPLC retention time: 1.20 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 5p
Figure imgf000166_0002
Intermediate 5p, 1 -benzoyl-4- [(7-chloro-4-azaindol-3 -yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared by the same method as Intermediate 5 a starting from Potassium (7- chloro-4-fluoro-4-azaindol-3-yl)oxoacetate, Intermediate 4e, and 1-benzoyl- piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.83 (s, IH), 8.63 (d, IH, J = 5.35 Hz), 7.91 (d, IH, J = 5.75 Hz), 7.47 (m, 5H), 3.80 - 3.30 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)" Calc'd for C20H18C1N4O3: 397.11; Found 397.02. HPLC retention time: 1.20 minutes (column A). Intermediate 5q
Figure imgf000167_0001
Intermediate 5q, l-(4-Benzoyl-piperazin-l-yl)-2-(7-bromo-4-chloro-lH-pyrrolo[2,3- c]pyridin-3-yι)~ethane- 1 ,2-dione
To a solution of acid intermediate 4j (2.4 g, 7.9 mmol) in DMF (40 ml) was added 3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-l,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (DEPBT, 5.96 g, 19.9 mmol), benzoylpiperazine hydrochloride (2.71 g, 11.9 mmol), and NN- diisopropylethylamine (14 ml, 80.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then added water (400 ml) and extracted with EtOAc (4 x 300 ml). The combined extracts were evaporated in vacuo to give a brownish residue, which was triturated with MeOΗ to provide the title compound as a white solid (2.8 g, 74%); Η ΝMR: (DMSO-ctø) 13.41 (s, 1Η), 8.48 (s, 1Η), 8.19 (s, 1Η), 7.45 (b s, 5Η), 3.80 - 3.35 (b m, 8H); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 475, 477, 479; HPLC R< = 1.953.
Figure imgf000167_0002
Intermediate 5r was prepared by procedure used for 5q using mono Ν-Boc piperazine . Η ΝMR: (CDC13) δ 8.26 (s, IH), 8.19 (s, IH), 3.71 (b s, 2H), 3.53 (b m, 6H), 1.48 (s, 9H); LC MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 471, 473, 475; HPLC R, = 1.543.
Intermediate 6
Figure imgf000168_0001
Typical procedure for N-Oxide formation: Preparation of l-benzoyl-3-(R)- methyl-4-[(6-oxide-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine, Intermediate 6. 20 mg of 1 -benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine, Intermediate 5h, (0.053 mmol) was dissolved in CH2C12 (2 mL). 18 mg of mCPBA (0.11 mmol) was then added into the solution and the reaction was stirred for 12 h at rt. CH2C12 was removed via evaporation at reduced pressure and the residue was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to give the compound shown above (5.4 mg, 26%). MS m/z: (M+H)" Calc'd for C21H2ιN4O4: 393.16; Found 393.11. HPLC retention time: 0.90 minutes (column A).
Intermediate 7
Figure imgf000168_0002
Preparation of 1 -benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-7-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl] -piperazine or l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(4-methyl-7-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl] -piperazine. An excess of MeMgl (3M in THF, 0.21 ml, 0.63 mmol) was added into a solution of l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(6-oxide-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine, Intermediate 6, (25 mg, 0.064 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt and then quenched with MeOH. The solvents were removed under vacuum, the residue was diluted with MeOH and purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to give a compound shown above which was a single isomer but regiochemistry was not definitively assigned. (6.7 mg, 27%). MS m/z: (M+H)" Calc'd for C22H23N4O3: 391.18; Found 391.17. HPLC retention time: 1.35 minutes (column B).
Intermediate 8
Figure imgf000169_0001
l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(6-phenyl-7-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine or l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(4-phenyl-7-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (regiochemistry was not definitively assigned) were prepared by the method described for Example 7 starting with l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(6-oxide-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine, Intermediate 6, and phenyl magnesium bromide (phenyl Grignard reagent). MS m/z: (M+H)" Calc'd for C27H25N4O3: 453.19; Found 454.20. HPLC retention time: 1.46 minutes (column B).
Intermediate 9
A mixture of Pd (10% on carbon, 100 mg), trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) and 1- benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-methyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine, Intermediate 5e (1.5 g) in MeOH (50 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL) was shaken in a Parr reactor under a hydrogen atmosphere (45 psi) for 48 hours. After solids were removed via filtration, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford intermediate 9 (1 g) which was used without further purification. MS m/z: (M+H)" calcd for C21H21N4O3 391.18, found 391.15. HPLC retention time: 1.15 minutes (column A).
Intermediates 10 and 11
Figure imgf000170_0001
Preparation of Intermediate 10, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7- carbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]-piperazine and Intermediate 11, l-benzoyl-3- (R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-hydroxycarbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]-piperazine: A mixture of l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-methyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine (1.78 g) and SeO2 (4.7 g) in dioxane/water (100 : 1) was refluxed for 10 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to provide a residue. The residue was purified by using silica gel chromatography with EtOAc and MeOH as eluting solvents to afford intermediate 10 (350 mg) and intermediate 11 (410 mg). Intermediate 10, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-carbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]-piperazine: MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C22H20C1N4O4: 439.12, found
439.01. HPLC retention time: 1.37 minutes (column A); Intermediate 11, 1-benzoyl- 3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-hydroxycarbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]- piperazine: MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C22H20C1N4O5: 455.11, found 455.10. HPLC retention time: 1.44 minutes (column A). Intermediates 12 and 13
Figure imgf000171_0001
Figure imgf000171_0002
Intermediate 12, 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4- [(7-carbonyl-4-azaindol-3 -yl)~ oxoacetyl] -piperazine and Intermediate 13, 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methy 1-4- [(7- hydroxycarbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl] -piperazine were made according to the same procedure of preparing Intermediates 10 and 11, by using Intermediate 9 as a starting material. Intermediate 12, 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4-[(7-carbonyl-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl] -piperazine: MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C22H21N4O4: 405.16, found 405.14. HPLC retention time: 0.91 minutes (column A); Intermediate 13, 1- benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-hydroxycarbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]-piperazine: MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C22H21N4O5: 421.15, found 421.09. HPLC retention time: 1.02 minutes (column A).
Intermediates 14a-l - 14a-21
The following tin agents and boron agents can be purchased from commercial resources and used without any further treatment (Table 2). Table 2
Figure imgf000172_0001
Figure imgf000173_0001
Preparation of Tin Agents:
Intermediates 14-1 - 14-65
The following known tin agents and boron agents could be prepared according to the documented procedures indicated without any modification (Table 3):
Table 3
Figure imgf000174_0001
Figure imgf000175_0001
Figure imgf000176_0001
Figure imgf000177_0001
Figure imgf000178_0001
Figure imgf000179_0001
Figure imgf000180_0001
Figure imgf000181_0001
Figure imgf000182_0002
Intermediate 14-66
Figure imgf000182_0001
Preparation of 2,3-dicloro-5-(tri-n-butylstannyl)pyrazine (An example of general procedure Tin-01, below): TMP-Li (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl lithium) was prepared by addition of n-butyl lithium (1.6 M, 6.25 mL) to a solution of
2,2,4,4-tetramethylpiperidine (1.4 g) in dry THF (180 mL) at -78 °C The solution was then allowed to warm to 0 °C, was stirred at 0 °C for 15 minutes, then was cooled to -78 °C To the solution was added 2,3-dichloropyrazine (1.35 g), and followed by an addition of tri-n-butyltin chloride (3.25 g) in another 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was separated, and aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford 2,3 -dicloro-5-(tri-n-butylstannyl)pyrazine (1 g).
Intermediate 14-67
Br SnBu3
Bu3Snl_i ^N N ^ N
II
Preparation of 2-(tri-n-butylstannyl)-pyrimidine: (Example of the general procedure Tin-03, below) Tri-n-butylstannyl lithium was prepared at 0 °C in dry THF (20 mL) from tri-butyltin hydride (2.2 mL) and LDA (lithium diisopropylamide, 2M, 4.09 mL). The tri-n-butylstannyl lithium solution was then cooled to -78 °C and to it was added 2-bromopyrimidine (1 g). The reaction The mixture was then allowed to warm up to room temperature over 8 hours. reaction was then quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was separated, and aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford 2-(tri-n-butylstannyl)- pyrimidine (190 mg).
Intermediate 14-68
Figure imgf000183_0001
Preparation of 2-amino-6-(tri-n-butylstannyl)pyrazine (Example ofthe general procedure Tin-04, below): To a sealed tube, 2-amino-6-chloro-pyrazine (1 g), bis(tri- butyltin) (3.92 mL) and tetrakis-triphenylphosphine palladium, Pd(Ph3P)4 (100 mg) were combined in dioxane (10 mL). The reaction was heated at 110-120 °C for 10 h. After the mixture cooled down to room temperature, it was poured into 20 mL of water. The solution was extracted with EtOAc (4 x 20 mL). The combined extract was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford 2-amino-6-(tri-n-butylstannyl)pyrazine (0.5 g)
Intermediate 14-69
Figure imgf000183_0002
Preparation of 2-methylsulfonylamino-5-(tri-n-butylstannyl)pyrazine (Example of general procedure Tin-05, below): NaH (60%, 20 mg) was added into a solution of 2-amino-5-(tri-n-butylstannyl)pyrazine (0.2 g) in THF (30 mL) at room temperature. After the mixture stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, to it was added methylsulfonyl chloride (63 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature over 8 hours. The reaction was quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford 2-methylsulfonylamino- 5-(tri-n-butylstannyl)pyrazine (20 mg).
Intermediates 14-70 - 14-129
The intermediates 14-70 - 14-129 were prepared according to the following general procedures designated Tin-01 through Tin-05.
General Procedure Tin-01 :
Base R3SnCI
Heteroaryl or Aryl— H *■ Heteroaryl or Aryl— SnR3
Solvent
Base = LDA, TMP-Li, n-Buϋ, S-BuLi or t-BuLi; Solvent = THF, diethyl ether or DME; R = methyl or butyl
To a solution of a base (1.1 equivalents) selected from lithium diisopropylamide, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium or tert-butyl lithium in a solvent selected from tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether or dimethoxyethane (concentration of approximately 0.05 mmol base/mL of solvent) at -78 °C was added an appropriate aryl or heteroaryl substrate (1.0 equivalents) followed by an addition of tri-n-butyltin chloride or trimethyltin chloride (1.1 equivalents) in another 2 hours. The reaction was quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was separated, and aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired stannane. General Procedure Tin-02:
Base R3SnCI
Heteroaryl or Ary I— LG - Heteroaryl or Aryl— SnR3
Solvent
LG = Br or I; Base = n-BuLi, S-BuLi, or t-BuLi; Solvent = THF, ether or DME; R = methyl or butyl
To a solution of a base (1.1 equivalents) selected from n-butyl lithium, sec- butyl lithium or tert-butyl lithium in a solvent selected from tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether or dimethoxyethane (concentration of approximately 0.05 mmol base/mL of solvent) at -78 °C was added an appropriate aryl or heteroaryl bromide or aryl or heteroaryl iodide substrate (1.0 equivalents). The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 °C for a period suitable to generate the anion via metal-halogen exchange then to it was added tri-n-butyltin chloride or trimethyltin chloride (1.1 equivalents). The reaction was quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was separated, and aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired stannane.
General Procedure Tin-03:
R3SnLi
Heteroaryl or Aryl— LG *- Heteroaryl or Aryl— SnR3
Solvent LG = F, Cl, Br, I; Solvent = THF, diethyl ether or DME; R = methyl or butyl
Tri-n-butylstannyl lithium or trimethylstannyl lithium (1.3 equivalents) was prepared at 0 °C in dry solvent selected from THF, diethyl ether or dimethoxyethane (20 mL) from tri-n-butyltin hydride or trimethyltin hydride, respectively (1.3 equivalents) and LDA (lithium diisopropylamide, 1.3 equivalents) at a concentration of approximately 0.4 mmol of alkylstannyl lithium/mL of solvent. The tri-n- butylstannyl lithium or trimethylstannyl lithium solution was then cooled to -78 °C and to it was added an appropriate haloaryl or haloheteroaryl substrate (1.0 equivalent). The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm up to room temperature over 8 hours. The reaction was then quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was separated, and aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired stannane intermediate.
General Procedure Tin-04:
R3Sn-SnR3
Heteroaryl or Aryl — G *- Heteroaryl or Aryl— SnR3
Solvent
Pd (0) LG = Cl, Br, I or OTf;Solvent= Dioxane or Toluene; R = methyl or butyl
To a sealed tube, an appropriate aryl or heteroaryl substrate (1.0 equivalent), bis(tri-butyltin) or hexamethylditin (1.0 equivalent) and tetrakis-triphenylphosphine palladium, Pd(Ph3P)4 (1.0 mol%) were combined in dioxane or toluene (10 mL). The reaction was heated at 110-120 °C for 10 h. After the mixture cooled down to room temperature, it was poured into water. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired stannane product.
General Procedure Tin-05:
The following general reaction scheme depicts the derivatization of stannane intermediates in which the stannane has a reactive ring NH group or reactive exocyclic amino, hydroxy or thiol group. The starting stannane is treated with base in an appropriate solvent then is reacted with suitable electrophiles such as alkyl halides, acid chlorides, sulfonyl chlorides, isocyanates and the like.
rornatlc Base romatϊc
Solvent
Figure imgf000187_0002
Figure imgf000187_0001
Electrophile or
Figure imgf000187_0003
Electrophile = R'-halide, R'C(0)CI, R'OC(0)CI, R-R'-NCOCI, R'SOjjCI, R'NCO, R'NSO, R'NCNR"
E = R'-, R'C(O)-, ROC(O)-, R'R"NC(0)-, R'S02-, RΗCtO)-, R'NS(O)-, R'NCNR"
Solvent = CH2CI2, THF, diethyl ether, DMF
R = methyl or butyl; X = NH, O or S
Base = NaH, BuLi, LDA, K2C03, Et3N, DBU, DMAP, NaHMDS
An appropriate base selected from sodium hydride, n-butyl lithium, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium carbonate, triethylamine, DBU, DMAP or sodium hexamethyldisilazide (1.0 equivalent) was added into a solution of an appropriate stannane substrate (as depicted above, 1.0 equivalent) in an appropriate solvent selected from dichloromethane, THF, diethyl ether or N,N-dimethylformamide at a temperature between -78 °C and room temperature. After the mixture stirred for a period sufficient to allow deprotonation, typically for 5 to 30 minutes, then to it was added an appropriate electrophile such as an alkyl halide, acid chloride, sulfonyl (1.0 equivalent). The reaction mixture was stirred, typically at room temperature, over a period of 2 to 8 hours. The reaction was quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic extract was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired stannane intermediate. General procedure Tin-06
Figure imgf000188_0001
An aryl hilide stannane agent was dissolved in appropriate alcohol, either methanol or ethanol. After a cataylst (pt or pd) was added into the solvent, the reaction mixture is placed in an environment of hydrogen under normal or raised pressure. After reaction finishes, the catalyst is filtered, and, concentration of the mother solution provides a residue which is used in the further reactions without any purification.
Rf = retention time
Figure imgf000188_0002
Figure imgf000189_0001
Figure imgf000190_0001
Figure imgf000191_0001
Figure imgf000192_0001
Figure imgf000193_0001
Figure imgf000194_0001
Figure imgf000195_0001
Figure imgf000196_0001
The following table contains novel stannane reagents which can be prepared by the methodology described above and then could be used to prepare compounds of formula I Table 3
Figure imgf000197_0001
Figure imgf000198_0001
Figure imgf000199_0001
Figure imgf000200_0001
Figure imgf000201_0001
Figure imgf000202_0001
Figure imgf000203_0001
Figure imgf000204_0001
Select general procedures, via S^r reactions, for the preparation of starting materials for Tin agents
a. Preparation of 2-bromo-5-substituted-pyrazine, 5-bromo-2-subsituted- thiazole, 2-substituted-thiazaole, 4-chloro-6-substituted-pyrimidine and 5- bromo-2-substituted-pyrimide
Figure imgf000205_0001
To a flask, an appropriate pyrazine, pyrimidine or thiazole (1.0 equivalent) and a nucleophile, such as amine, alcohol or thio-derivatives in one equivalence or an exess amount were combined in a solvent such as THF, DMF or alcohol, with or without an addition of NaH. The reaction was either stirred at room temperature or under heating for one to three days. After all the solvents were removed, the residue was partitioned between saturated NaHCO3 and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were concentrated in vacuo to give a residue, which was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired product.
Figure imgf000206_0001
Figure imgf000207_0001
Figure imgf000208_0001
Figure imgf000209_0001
Figure imgf000210_0003
Preparation of 2-bromo-5,6-disubstituted-pyrazine
Figure imgf000210_0001
step one step ^Q
Figure imgf000210_0002
Step one
To a flask, an appropriate pyrazine (1.0 equivalent) and a nucleophile, such as amine or sodium alkoxide in an exess amount were combined in a solvent such as water or THF or without solvent. The reaction was either stirred at room temperature or under heating for one to three days. After all the solvents were removed, a residue was collected and used in the further steps without any purification.
Figure imgf000211_0001
Step two
To a flask, the crude pyrazine derivative obtained from the step one (1.0 equivalent) and a nucleophile, such as amine or sodium alkoxide in an exess amount were combined in a solvent such as water or THF or without solvent. The reaction was either stirred at room temperature or under heating for one to three days. After all the solvents were removed, a residue was collected and used in the further steps without any purification.
Figure imgf000212_0001
Step three
To a flask, the crude pyrazine derivative obtained from the step two (1.0 equivalent) was dissolved in methylene chloride. A slightly excess of bromine was then added into the mixed solution. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for ten hours. After all the solvents were removed, a residue was collected and purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired product.
Figure imgf000213_0002
General procedure o the preparation of 2-alkyl-5-bromo-pyrimide:
Figure imgf000213_0001
To a sealed tube, 5-bromo-2-iodopyrimidine (1.0 equivalent), tri- alkylalumimun (1.5 equivalent) and tetrakis-triphenylphosphine palladium, Pd(Ph3P)4 (1.0 mol%) were combined in dioxane(10 mL). The reaction was heated at 110-120 °C for 10 h. After the mixture cooled down to room temperature, it was poured into water. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford the desired 2-alkyl-5-bromopyrimidine product.
Figure imgf000214_0002
Prep of triazine stannane for Stille coupling to prepare examples of claim 1. (the sulfur can thenbe removed with Raney Nickel to give additional desulfurized triazines)
Figure imgf000214_0001
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (2.0ml, 11.81mmol) in 30ml of THF was cooled to - 78oC and treated with n-butyllithium (4.7ml, 1 l.δlmmol, 2.5M in hexane). After stirring 30min at OoC, the reaction was cooled to -78oC again and 3-methylthio- 1,2,4-triazine (l.Og, 7.87mmol) was added. The resulting solution was stirred at - 78oC for 30min before tributyltin chloride (2.1ml, 7.87mmol) was added. The reaction was kept at -78oC for lhr, then quenched with water. The THF solvent was removed on rotarory evaporator and the remaining solution was extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was chromatographed to afford 96mg of 3-methylthio-6- tributyltin- 1 ,2,4-triazine.
1H NMR (300Hz, CHC13): 8.83 (s, IH); 2.62 ( s, 3H); 2.04 - 0.79 (m, 27H). LC/MS: ( ES+) M/Z (M+H)+ = 418, RT = 2.29min. Intermediate 15
Figure imgf000215_0001
Intermediate 15
Intermediate 5q
To a mixture of 5q (50 mg, 105 μmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (25 mg, 21 μmol) was added
1,4-dioxane (1 ml) and vinyl tributylstannane (50 mg, 158 μmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 145°C for 3 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was added MeOH (4 ml) and then filtered. The filtrate was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC to give the TFA salt of Intermediate 13 using the method: Start %B = 30, Final %B = 75, Gradient time = 20 min, Flow Rate = 25 ml/min, Column : YMC C18 5um 20 x 100mm, Fraction
Collection: 7.92 - 8.58 min. Η NMR: (CD3OD) δ 8.61 (s, IH), 8.37 (s, IH), 7.47 (b s, 5H), 7.31 (dd, J = 17.3, 11.3, IH), 6.50 (d, = 17.3, IH), 5.97 (d, J = 11.3, IH), 3.97 - 3.38 (b m, 8H); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 423, 425; HPLC R, = 1.887.
Intermediate 14
Figure imgf000215_0002
To a mixture of intermediate 5q (30 mg, 63 μmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (20 mg, 17 μmol) was added 1,4-dioxane (1 ml) and 1-tributylstannyl propyne (40 mg, 122 μmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 145°C for 2 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was added MeOH (4 ml) and then filtered. The filtrate was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC to give the TFA salt of intermediate 14 (1 -(4-Benzoyl-piperazin- 1 -yl)-2-(4-chloro-7-prop- 1 -ynyl- 1 H- pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-3-yl)-ethane-l,2-dione) using the method: Start %B = 20, Final %B = 80, Gradient time = 20 min, Flow Rate = 25 ml/min, Column : YMC C18 5um 20 x 100mm, Fraction Collection: 8.74 - 9.00 min. Η NMR: (CD3OD) δ 8.47 (s, IH), 8.27 (s, IH), 7.46 (b s, 5H), 3.82 - 3.34 (b m, 8H), 2.26 (s, 3H); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 435, 437; HPLC 1^ = 2.123.
Intermediate 15
Figure imgf000216_0001
To a solution of intermediate 5q (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was added
CuCN (30 mg, 0.335 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 170°C for 30 min. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH (15 ml), filtered under gravity, and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo to afforded a brownish residue. To the residue in EtOH (3 ml) at ambient temperature was bubbled hydrogen chloride gas for 10 minutes to give a yellow solution, which was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC using the method: Start %B = 15, Final %B = 85, Gradient time = 15 min, Flow Rate = 40 ml/min, Column : XTERRA C18 5 um 30 x 100 mm, Fraction Collection: 10.40 - 10.85 min; Η NMR: (CD3OD) 8.35 (s, IH), 8.33 (s, IH), 7.42 (b s, 5H), 3.95 - 3.41 (b m, 8H); LC MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 440, 442; HPLC Rt = 1.820.
Intermediate 16
Figure imgf000216_0002
Preparation of intermediate 16: To a suspension of intermediate 15 (6 mg, 13 μmol) in a mixture of AcOH (0.5 ml) and Ac2O (1.0 ml) at 0°C was charged with sodium nitrite (17 mg, 246 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 min. and then at ambient temperature for 1 hour. After addition of MeOH (4 ml), the reaction mixture was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC to give the TFA solvate of the title compound using the method: Start %B = 15, Final %B = 80, Gradient time = 15 min, Flow Rate = 25 ml/min, Column : YMC C18 5um 20 x 100mm, Fraction Collection: 9.48 - 10.03 min. Η NMR: (DMSO-έfø) D 12.76 (s, IH), 8.48 (s, IH), 8.32 (d, J= 3.0, IH), 7.44 (b s, 5H), 3.97 - 3.47 (b m, overlapping with water peak, 8H); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 441, 443; HPLC P^ = 1.530. Ref: Amide hydrolysis: Evans, D. A.; Carter, P. H.; Dinsmore, C. j.; Barrow, J. C; Katz, J. L.; Kung, D. W. Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 4535 and references cited therein.
Preparation of Compounds of Formula I
EXAMPLE 1
Figure imgf000217_0001
Typical procedure for coupling azaindole with aromatic boron reagent (An example ofthe general procedure described below for examples 2-14): Preparation of l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]- piperazine is an example of Step E as described in Scheme 15. To a sealed tube, 1- (benzoy l)-3 -(R)-methyl-4- [(7-chloro-6-azaindol-3 -y l)-oxoacetyl]piperazine, Intermediate 5a, (20 mg, 0.049 mmol), 4-fluorophenylboronic acid, Intermediate 14a- 9, (8.2 mg, 0.059 mmol), Pd(Ph3P)4 (5 mg) and K2CO3 (20 mg, 0.14 mmol) were combined in 1.5 mL of DMF and 1.5 mL of water. The reaction was heated at 110-
120 °C for 10 h. After the mixture cooled down to rt, it was poured into 20 mL of water. The solution was extracted with EtOAc (4 x 20 mL). The combined extract was concentrated to give a residue which was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to give compound 1 -benzoyl-3 ~(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(4- fluorophenyl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (1.8 mg, 7.9%). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC27H24FN4O3: 471.18; found 471.08. HPLC retention time: 1.12 minutes (column A). EXAMPLES 2-14
Examples 2-14 were prepared according to the following general method in a manner analogous to the preparation of Example 1.
Typical procedure for coupling azaindole with aromatic boron reagent: To a sealed tube, an appropriately substituted azaindole intermediate (0.049 mmol), an appropriate boronic acid derivative (0.059 mmol), Pd(Ph3P)4 (5 mg) and K2CO3 (20 mg, 0.14 mmol) were combined in 1.5 mL of DMF and 1.5 mL of water. The reaction was heated at 110-120 °C for 10 h. After the mixture cooled down to rt, it was poured into 20 mL of water. The solution was extracted with EtOAc (4 x 20 mL). The combined extract was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to provide the desired compound.
EXAMPLE 2
Figure imgf000218_0001
Example 2, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and 4-chlorophenyl boronic acid, Intermediate 14a- 10, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(7-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC27H24FN4O3: 473.14; found 473.13. HPLC retention time: 1.43 minutes (column B). EXAMPLE 3
Figure imgf000219_0001
Example 3, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5a and 3-amino-4-methylphenyl boronic. acid, Intermediate
14a-l l, to provide l-benzoyl-3-®-methyl-4-[(7-(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl] piperazine. MS m/z (M+H)+ Calc'd forC27H24ClN4O3:
482.22; found 482.25. HPLC retention time: 1.35 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 4
Figure imgf000219_0002
Example 4, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and 4-hydroxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid,
Intermediate 14a-12, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(7-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-6-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC27H24ClN4O3: 483.17; found 483.10. HPLC retention time: 1.00 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 5
Figure imgf000220_0001
Example 5, was prepared according to the general method described above from 1 -benzoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-chloro-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl boronic acid, Intermediate 14a- 13, to provide 1-benzoyl- 3-methyl-4-[(7-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC2SH25N4O5: 497.18; found 497.03. HPLC retention time: 1.41 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 6
Figure imgf000220_0002
Example 6, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5 a and furan-2-yl boronic acid to provide 1 -benzoyl-3 -®- methyl-4-[(7-(furan-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC25H23N4O4: 443.17; found 443.12. HPLC retention time: 1.20 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 7
Figure imgf000221_0001
Example 7, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and furan-2-yl boronic acid to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(7- (furan-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl] piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC24H21N4O4: 429.16; found 428.98. HPLC retention time: 1.36 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 8
Figure imgf000221_0002
Example 8, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and benzofuran-2-yl boronic acid to provide 1-benzoyl- 4-[(7-(benzofuran-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC28H23N4O4: 479.17; found 479.09. HPLC retention time: 1.67 minutes (column B). EXAMPLE 9
Figure imgf000222_0001
Example 9, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5a and thien-2-yl boronic acid to provide l-(benzoyl)-3-®- methyl-4-[(7-(thien-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC25H23N4O3S: 459.15; found 459.10. HPLC retention time: 1.20 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 10
Figure imgf000222_0002
Example 10, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and pyridin-4-yl boronic acid to provide l-(benzoyl)-4- [(7-(pyridin-4-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC25H22N5O3: 440.17; found 440.10. HPLC retention time: 0.97 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 11
Figure imgf000223_0001
Example 11, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and quinolin-8-yl boronic acid, Intermediate 14a-14, to provide 1 -benzoyl-4-[(7-(quinolin-8-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC25H22N5O3: 490.19; found 490.09. HPLC retention time: 1.34 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 12
Figure imgf000223_0002
Example 12, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5a and 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl boronic acid, Intermediate 14a-4, to provide 1 -benzoyl-3 -®-methy 1-4- [(7-(2,4-dimethoxy- pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H27N6O5: 515.20; found 515.28. HPLC retention time: 1.17 minutes (column B). EXAMPLE 13
Figure imgf000224_0001
Example 13, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl boronic acid, Intermediate 14a-4, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2,4-dimethoxy- pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine !HNMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.71 (s, IH), 8.64 (s, IH), 8.21 (s, IH), 7.48 (s, 5H), 4.15 (s, 3H), 4.13 (s, 3H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.64 - 3.34 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C29H35N6O6: 531.20; found 531.26. HPLC retention time : 1.09 minutes (column A) .
EXAMPLE 14
Figure imgf000224_0002
Example 14, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and pyridin-4-yl boronic acid to provide l-benzoyl-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(pyridin-4-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H24N5O4: 470.18; found 470.32. HPLC retention time: 1.02 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 15
Figure imgf000225_0001
Typical procedure for coupling azaindole with aromatic tin reagent (An example ofthe general procedure described below for examples 16-53): Preparation of Example 15, 1 -benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-(l , 1 -dimethylethylaminocarbonyl)- pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine is an example of Step E as described in Scheme 15. To a sealed tube, l-benzoyl-4-[(7-chloro-4-methoxy-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine, Intermediate 5b, (20 mg), 2-(l,l- dimethylethylaminocarbonyl)-5-tributylstannyl-pyrazine (1.2 equivalents, 27 mg.) and Pd(Ph3P)4 (1 mg) were combined in 1.5 mL of dioxane. The reaction was heated at 110-120 °C for 10 h. After the mixture cooled down to room temperature, it was poured into 5 mL of water. The solution was extracted with EtOAc (4 x 5 mL). The combined extract was concentrated in vacuo to give a residue which was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to give compound 1-benzoyl- 4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-(l,l-dimethylethylaminocarbonyl)-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (1 mg); MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C30H32N7O5: 570.25; found 570.43. HPLC retention time: 1.83 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLES 16-54
Examples 16-54 were prepared according to the following general procedure by a method analogous to the method described for the preparation of Example 15.
Typical procedure for coupling azaindole with aromatic tin reagent: To a sealed tube, an appropriate azaindole (0.049 mmol), an appropriate stannane (0.059 mmol) and Pd(Ph3P)4 (1 mg) were combined in 1.5 mL of dioxane. The reaction was heated at 110-120 °C for 10 h. After the mixture cooled down to rt, it was poured into 5 mL of water. The solution was extracted with EtOAc (4 x 5 mL). The combined extract was concentrated to give a residue which was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to provide the desired compound.
EXAMPLE 16
Figure imgf000226_0001
Example 16, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5a and pyrimidin-5-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-9, to provide 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4- [(7-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindoI-3 -yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC2JH23N6O3: 455.18; found 455.17. HPLC retention time: 1.33 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 17
Figure imgf000226_0002
Example 17, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and pyrimidin-5-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-9, to provide 1 -benzoyl-4-[(7-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC25H23N6O3: 441.17; found 441.07. HPLC retention time: 1.30 minutes (column B). EXAMPLE 18
Figure imgf000227_0001
Example 18, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5a and pyridin-3-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-2, to provide 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4- [(7-(pyridin-3 -yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC26H24N5O3: 454.19; found 454.17. HPLC retention time: 1.11 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 19
Figure imgf000227_0002
Example 19, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and pyridin-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a- 19, to provide 1 -benzoyl-4-[(7-(pyridin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC25H22N5O3: 440.17; found 440.07. HPLC retention time: 1.40 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 20
Figure imgf000227_0003
Example 20, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5 a and thiazol-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-21, to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(thiazol-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3- yl)oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC24H22N5O3S: 460.14; found 460.15. HPLC retention time: 1.48 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 21
Figure imgf000228_0001
Example 21, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and thiazol-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-21, to provide 1 -benzoyl-4- [(7-(thiazol-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z (M+H)+ Calc'd forC23H2oN5O3S: 446.13; found 446.03. HPLC retention time: 1.44 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 22
Figure imgf000228_0002
Example 22, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and l-methylpyrazol-3-yl tributyltin, to provide 1- benzoyl-4- [(4-methoxy-7-( 1 -methyl-pyrazol-3 -yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H25N6O4: 473.19; found 473.28. HPLC retention time: 1.18 minutes (column B). EXAMPLE 23
Figure imgf000229_0001
Example 23, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and Intermeidiate 14-9 to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4- methoxy-7-(pyridazin-4-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O4: 471.18; found 471.26. HPLC retention time: 1.20 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 24
Figure imgf000229_0002
Example 24, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and 2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl tributyltin, to provide 1 - benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-amino-pyrimidin-5-yl))-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for for C25H24N7O4: 486.19: found 486.24. HPLC retention time: 1.19 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 25
Figure imgf000230_0001
Example 25, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and pyridin-3-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-2, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(pyridin-3-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H24N5O4: 470.18; found 470.19. HPLC retention time: 1.04 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 26
Figure imgf000230_0002
Example 26, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and 2-aminopyrazin-5-yl trimethyltin, Intermediate 14- 28, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-amino-pyrazin-5-yl))-6-azaindol-3-yι)- oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H24N7O4: 486.19; found 470.19. HPLC retention time: 1.13 minutes (column B). EXAMPLE 27
Figure imgf000231_0001
Example 27, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and l-methylimidazol-2-yl trimethyltin, Intermediate 14-5, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(l-methyl-imidazol-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H25N6O4: 473.18; found 473.27. HPLC retention time: 1.07 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 28
Figure imgf000231_0002
Example 28, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and l-methylpyrrol-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a- 15, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(l-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26N5O4: 472.20; found 470.26. HPLC retention time: 1.11 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 29
Figure imgf000232_0001
Example 29, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5i and l-methylpyrazol-3-yl tributyltin, to provide 1- benzoy 1-4- [(4-fluoro-7-( 1 -methyl-pyrazol-3 -yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H22FN6O3: 461.17; found 461.24. HPLC retention time: 1.36 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 30
Figure imgf000232_0002
Example 30, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5i and pyridazin-4-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-8, to provide 1 -benzoyl-4- [(4-fluoro-7-(pyridazin-4-yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine x H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 9.72 (s, IH), 9.39 (s, IH), 8.42
(m, 2H), 8.22 (s, IH), 7.47 (s, 5H), 3.84 - 3.38 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H20FN6O3: 459.16; found 459.25. HPLC retention time: 1.26 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 32
Figure imgf000233_0001
Example 32, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and pyrazin-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-l, to provide 1 -benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O3: 471.18; found 471.17. HPLC retention time: 1.35 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 33
Figure imgf000233_0002
Example 33, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5 a and pyrazin-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-l, to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O3: 455.18; found 455.26. HPLC retention time: 1.46 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 34
Figure imgf000234_0001
Example 34, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5g and pyrazin-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-l, to provide 1 -benzoyl-4-[(7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H21N6O3: 441.17; found 441.22. HPLC retention time: 1.22 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 35
Figure imgf000234_0002
Example 35, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and thiazol-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-21, to provide l-(benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(thiazol-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H22N5O3S: 476.14; found 476.20. HPLC retention time: 1.25 minutes (column B). EXAMPLE 36
Figure imgf000235_0001
Example 36, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and pyridin-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a- 19, to provide 1 -benzoy 1-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(pyridin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H24N5O4: 470.18; found 470.17. HPLC retention time: 1.04 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 37
Figure imgf000235_0002
Example 37, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5j and thiazol-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-21, to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(4-fluoro-7-(thiazol-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H21FN5O3S: 478.13; found 478.13. HPLC retention time: 1.34 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 38
Figure imgf000236_0001
Example 38, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5i and pyrazol-3 -yl tributyltin, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4- fluoro-7-(pyrazol-3-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C23H20FN6O3: 447.16; found 447.15. HPLC retention time: 1.26 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 39
Figure imgf000236_0002
Example 39, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and pyrazol-3-yl tributyltin, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4- methoxy-7-(pyrazol-3-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H23N6O4: 459.18; found 459.21. HPLC retention time: 1.11 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 40
Figure imgf000237_0001
Example 40, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and pyrimidin-5-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-9, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O4: 471.18; found 471.20. HPLC retention time: 1.61 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 41
Figure imgf000237_0002
Example 41, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5j and pyrimidin-5-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-9, to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(4-fluoro-7-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine; ! H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 9.26 (m, 3H), 8.39 (m, 2H), 7.56 (m, 5H), 4.72 - 3.12 (m, 7H), 1.40 - 0.91 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H22FN6O3 : 473.17; found 473.17. HPLC retention time: 1.34 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 42
Figure imgf000238_0001
Example 42, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5i and pyrimidin-5-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-9, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-fluoro-7-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H20FN6O3: 459.16; found 459.14. HPLC retention time: 1.28 minutes (column A).
Example 43
Figure imgf000238_0002
Example 43, (R)-l-(benzoyl)-3-methyl-4-[(7-(2,4-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-5- yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H27N6O5: 515.20; found 515.28. HPLC retention time: 1.17 minutes (column B). EXAMPLE 44
Figure imgf000239_0001
Example 44, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5a and 2,3-dichloropyrazin-5-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-66, to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(2,3-dichloro-pyrazin-5-yl) -6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+Na)+ Calc'd for C25H20Cl2NaN6O3: 545.09; found 545.29. HPLC retention time: 1.87 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 45
Figure imgf000239_0002
Example 45, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and 2-ethoxythiazol-5-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14- 71, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-ethoxy-thiazol-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26N5O5S: 520.17; found 520.24. HPLC retention time: 1.32 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 46
Figure imgf000240_0001
Example 46, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and the 2-amino-pyrazin-6-yl stannane, Intermediate 14-68, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-amino-pyrazin-6-yl)-6-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H24N7O4: 486.19; found 486.31. HPLC retention time: 1.22 minutes (column B).
EXAMPLE 47
Figure imgf000240_0002
Example 47, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and 2-methylsulfonylamino-5-(tri-n- butylstannyl)pyrazine, Intermediate 14-69, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(7-(2- methylsulfonylamino-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26N7O6S: 564.17; found 564.21. HPLC retention time: 1.24 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 48
MeO
Figure imgf000241_0001
Example 48, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and 2,4-dimethoxy-l,3,5-triazin-6-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-70, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(7-(2,4-dimethoxy-l,3,5-triazin-6-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26N7O6: 532.19; found 532.12. HPLC retention time: 1.28 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 49
Figure imgf000241_0002
Example 49, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5b and pyrimidin-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-67, to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O4: 471.18; found 471.29. HPLC retention time: 1.21 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 50
Figure imgf000242_0001
Example 50, was prepared froml-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-chloro-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine and thiazol-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-21, according to the general method above to provide l-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7- (thiazol-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H25N6O4S: 477.13; found 477.22. HPLC retention time: 0.98 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 51
Figure imgf000242_0002
Example 51 , was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5d and pyrimidin-5-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14-9, to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O3: 455.18; found 455.16. HPLC retention time: 0.98 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 52
Figure imgf000243_0001
Example 52, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5d and pyrimidin-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-l, to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O3: 455.18; found 455.16. HPLC retention time: 1.09 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 53
Figure imgf000243_0002
Example 53, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5d and thiazol-2-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14a-21, to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(thiazol-2-yl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H22N5O3S: 460.14; found 460.26. HPLC retention time: 1.02 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 54
Figure imgf000244_0001
Example 54, was prepared according to the general method described above starting from Intermediate 5d and 2-ethoxythiazol-5-yl tributyltin, Intermediate 14- 71, to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(2-ethoxy-thiazol-5-yl)-4-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26N5O4S: 504.17; found 4504.18. HPLC retention time: 1.26 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 55
Figure imgf000244_0002
The compound of Example 15, 1 -benzoy 1-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(2-( 1,1- dimethylethylaminocarbonyl)-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (20 mg) was dissolved in 1 drop of concentrated sulfuric acid. After 30 minutes, the mixture was diluted with 2 mL of methanol. The resulting solution was injected into a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System and the HPLC purification afforded the compound of Example 55, l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-aminocarbonyl- pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (1 mg); MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H24N7O5: 514.78; found 514.22. HPLC retention time: 1.44 minutes (column B). EXAMPLE 56
Figure imgf000245_0001
An excess of NH4C1 (27mg) was added into a solution of l-(benzoyl)-3-(R)- methyl-4-[(6-cyano-7-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (20 mg) andNaN3 (16 mg) in DMF. The reaction was heated to reflux for 12 h. After cooling down, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified using Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to give 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4- [(6-(tetrazol-l-yl)-7-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (6.3mg). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C22H21N8O3: 445.17; Found 3445.16. HPLC retention time: 1.42 minutes (column B); Column B: PHX-LUNA C18 4.6 x 30 mm.
EXAMPLE 57
Figure imgf000245_0002
Preparation of l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7- (methoxymethylamino)carbonyl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine: A mixture of Intermediate 13 (267 mg), N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrogen chloride (248 mg), carbon tetrabromide (844 mg), pyridine (202 mg) and triphenylphosphine (668 mg) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 10 hours. After solvent was removed under vaccum, the residue was purified by using silica gel chromatography to afford l-(benzoyl)-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7- (methoxymethylamino)carbonyl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (56 mg); MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H26N5O5: 464.19; found 464.25. HPLC retention time: 1.02 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 58
Figure imgf000246_0001
Example 58 was prepared according to the same procedure used in preparing Example 57 with the exception of using Intermediate 11 as a starting material instead of Intermediate 13. The procedure provided 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-(7- (methoxymethylamino)carbonyl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H25ClN5O5: 498.15; found 498.12. HPLC retention time: 1.39 minutes (column A).
General procedure A to prepare CO-NR1R2 f romCOOH
EXAMPLE 59
Figure imgf000246_0002
Preparation of l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7- (methylamino)carbonyl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine: A mixture of Intermediate 11 (25 mg), methylamine (2M in THF, 0.08 mL), EDC (26 mg), HOBT (11.2 mg) and diisopropylethy lamine (43 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 10 hours. After the solvent was removed under vaccum, the residue was purified by using silica gel chromatography to afford 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)- methyl-4- [(5 -chloro-7-(methylamino)carbonyl)-4-azaindol-3 -y 1)- oxoacetyl]piperazine (13.6 mg); MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C23H23ClN5O4: 468.14; found 468.03. HPLC retention time: 1.33 minutes (column A).
This general produre A is applied to prepare examples 94 and 135:
Example 94
Figure imgf000247_0001
Example 94, 1 -benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-methylaminocarbonyl-furan-5-yl)-
6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. ]H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.37 (s, IH), 8.06 (s, IH), 7.48 - 7.26 (m, 7H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 3.83 - 3.44 (m, 8H), 2.96 (s, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C29H26N5O6: 516.19; found 516.14. HPLC retention time: 1.35 minutes (column A).
Example 135
Figure imgf000247_0002
Example 135, (R)- 1 -benzoyl-3 -methyl-4- [(7-(4-trifluoromethylbenzylamino) carbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z (M+H)+ Calc'd for C30H27F3N5O4: 578.20; found 578.39. HPLC retention time: 1.47 minutes (column G). General procedure B to prepare CO-NR1R2 fromCOOH
Figure imgf000248_0001
Preparation of Example 136, (R)-l-benzoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-(4-methylthiazol-
2-yl)aminocarbonyl-4-azaindol-3 -y l)-oxoacetyl]piperazine :
To a solution of (R)-l -benzoyl-3 -methyl-4- [(7-hydroxy lcarbony 1-4-azaindol- 3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (146mg) in DMF (5ml) at room temperature was added pentafluorophenyl (70.3mg) followed by EDC (73.23mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hours. The crude product was diluted with methylene chloride and was washed with water, 0.1N HCI and brine. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The pentafluorophenyl ester was used in the following reaction without further purification.
To a stirred solution of 4-methyl-2-amino-thiazole (39.6mg) and Hunig's base (49.4mg) in DMF (5ml) at room temperature was added a solution of pentafluorophenyl ester (1/3 ofthe product obtained in the previous step described above) in DMF (2 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The crude product was diluted with methylene chloride and was washed with Na2CO3 (sat.) and brine. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified using Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to give (R)-l -benzoyl-3 -methyl-4- [(7-(4-methylthiazol-2-yl)aminocarbonyl- 4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (3.6mg). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H25N6O4S : 517.17; found 517.41. HPLC retention time: 1.25 minutes (column A).
This general produre B is applied to prepare example 137:
Example 137
Figure imgf000249_0001
Example 137, (R)-l -benzoyl-3 -methyl-4- [(7-(thiazol-2-y l)aminocarbony 1-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O4S: 503.15; found 503.29. HPLC retention time: 1.33 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 60
Figure imgf000249_0002
Preparation of 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4- [(5 -chloro-7-(imidazol-2-yl)-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine: A mixture of Intermediate 10 (34 mg), glyoxal (40% in water, 0.2 mL) and ammonia acetate (139 mg) in methanol was heated up to reflux for 10 hours. After cooling down, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified using Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-(imidazol-2-yl)-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (1.8 mg); MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H22ClN6O3: 477.14; found 477.13. HPLC retention time: 1.17 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 61
Figure imgf000250_0001
Example 61 was prepared according to the same procedure used for preparing Example 60 with the exception of using methylglyoxal as a starting material instead of glyoxal to providel-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-(4-methyl-imidazol-2- yl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H24ClN6O3: 491.16; found 491.13. HPLC retention time: 1.26 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 62
Figure imgf000250_0002
Example 62 was prepared according to the same procedure used for preparing
Example 60 with the exception of using dimethylglyoxal as a starting material instead of glyoxal to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-(4,5-dimethyl-imidazol- 2-yl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine; MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26ClN6O3: 505.18; found 505.10. HPLC retention time: 1.24 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 63
Figure imgf000251_0001
Preparation of 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-(oxazol-5-yl)-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine: A mixture of Intermediate 10 (27.6 mg), tosylmethyl isocyanide (12.3 mg) and K2CO3 (8.7 mg) in MeOH was heated up to reflux for 10 hours. After cooling down, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified using Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to provide l-(benzoyl)-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-(oxazol-5-yl)-4-azaindol- 3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (17.7 mg); MS m/z (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H21ClN5O4: 478.13; found 478.03. HPLC retention time: 1.48 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 64
Figure imgf000251_0002
1-64
Step 1 : Preparation of 1-64, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(2- propynyl)carbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine: Propynyllithium (21 mg) was added to a solution of Example 52 (41 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) at -78°C. The reaction was quenched with methanol at -25°C in 2 hours. After solvents were removed under vaccum, the residue was carried to the further reactions without any purification. 1-64, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(2-propynyl)carbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H22ClN4O4: 477.13; found 477.17. HPLC retention time: 1.46 minutes (column A).
Step 2: Preparation of Example 64:
Figure imgf000252_0001
Example 64
Preparation of Example 64, 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4- [(5 -chloro-7-(3- methyl-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine: A mixture of 1-64
(crude product from Step 1) and hydrazine (0.22 mL) in EtOAc (2 mL) and water (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. Then solvents were removed under vaccum, and the residue was purified using Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to give l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(5-chloro-7-(3-methyl-pyrazol-5-yl)-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (9 mg); MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for
C25H24ClN6O3: 491.16; found 491.19. HPLC retention time: 1.42 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLES 65-67
The procedure for the preparation of Examples 65-67 is the same as that described previously for the preparation of Intermediate 5a and is as follows: Potassium 7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-azaindole-3-glyoxylate, Intermediate 4c (147 mg, 0.44 mmol), an appropriate 1-benzoylpiperazine derivative (0.44 mmol), 3- (diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-l,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (DEPBT) (101 mg, 0.44 mol) and Ηunig's Base (0.5 mL) were combined in 5 mL of DMF. The mixture was stirred at rt for 8 h. DMF was removed via evaporation at reduced pressure and the residue was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative ΗPLC System to give the corresponding l-benzoyl-4-[(7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetylj- piperazine derivative. EXAMPLE 65
Figure imgf000253_0001
Example 19, l-(benzoyl)-4-[(7-(4-methoxy)-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared from potassium 7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4- azaindole-3-glyoxylate and l-(benzoyl)piperazine according to the above general procedure. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC27H25N4O4: 469.19; found 469.16. HPLC retention time: 1.26 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 66
Figure imgf000253_0002
Example 66, 1 -benzoyl-3-(S)-methyl-4-[(7-(4-methoxy)-4-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine was prepared from potassium 7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4- azaindole-3-glyoxylate and the corresponding l-(benzoyl)-3-methylpiperazine according to the above general procedure. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC28H27N4O4: 483.20; found 483.17. HPLC retention time: 1.30 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 67
Figure imgf000253_0003
Example 67, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-azaindol-3- yl)oxoacetyl]piperazine was prepared from potassium 7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4- azaindole-3-glyoxylate and the corresponding 1 -benzoyl-3 -methylpiperazine according to the above general procedure. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd forC28H27N4O4: 483.20; found 483.16. HPLC retention time: 1.28 minutes (column A). EXAMPLES 68-79 and 81
Examples 68-79 and 81 were prepared according to the same general method as previously described for Examples 16-54.
EXAMPLE 68
Figure imgf000254_0001
Example 68, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2,4- dimethoxypyrimidin-6-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2,6- dimethoxy-pyrimidin-4-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. lK NMR (500
MHz, CDC13) δ 8.20 (s, IH), 8.13 (s, IH), 7.52 (s, IH), 7.42 (m, 5H), 4.11 (s, 3H), 4.06 (s, 3H), 4.00 - 3.40 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H27N6O6: 531.20; found 531.24. HPLC retention time: 1.54 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 69
Figure imgf000254_0002
Example 69, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 6-methoxypyridin-3- yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.69 (s, IH), 8.63 (s, IH), 8.11 (m, 2H), 7.49 (m, 5H), 7.10 (d, IH, J = 8.65 Hz), 4.16 (s, 3H), 4.06 (s, 3H), 4.00 - 3.40 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H26N5O5: 500.09; found 500.20. HPLC retention time: 1.11 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 70
Figure imgf000255_0001
Example 70, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-diethylamino- thiazol-4-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-diethylammo-thiazol-
4-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.47 (s, IH), 7.97 (m, 2H), 7.49 (m, 5H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 3.64 (m, 12H), 1.35 (m, 6H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C28H31N6O4S: 547.21; found 547.22. HPLC retention time: 1.35 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 71
Figure imgf000255_0002
Example 71, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the thiazol-5-yl stannane to provide 1 -benzoyl-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(thioazol-5 -yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.19 (s, IH), 8.64 (s, IH), 8.34 (s, IH), 8.11 (s, IH), 7.46 (m, 5H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.55 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H22N5O4S: 476.14; found 476.17. HPLC retention time: 1.13 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 72
Figure imgf000256_0001
Example 72, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-dimethylamino- pyrazin-5-yl stannane to provide l-(benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-dimethylamino- pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H28N7O4: 514.22; found 514.29. HPLC retention time: 1.27 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 73
Figure imgf000256_0002
Example 73, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the furan-2-yl stannane to provide 1 -(benzoyl)-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(furan-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N4O5: 459.17; found 459.25. HPLC retention time: 1.15 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 74
Figure imgf000256_0003
Example 74, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the oxazol-2-yl stannane to provide 1 -benzoyl-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(oxazol-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.19 (s, IH), 8.64 (s, IH), 8.34 (s, IH), 8.11 (s, IH), 7.46 (m, 5H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.55 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H22N5O5: 460.16; found 460.23. HPLC retention time: 1.22 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 75
Figure imgf000257_0001
Example 75, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 6-ammopyridin-2-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-aminopyridin-6-yl)-6-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]ρiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H25N6O4: 485.19; found 485.24. HPLC retention time: 1.15 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 76
Figure imgf000257_0002
Example 76, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 6-methylpyridin-2-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-methyl-pyridin-6-yl)-6-azaindol-
3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H26N5O4: 484.20; found
484.22. HPLC retention time: 1.24 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 77
Figure imgf000258_0001
Example 77, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 6-methoxypyridin-2- yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-methoxy-pyridin-6-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H26NsO5: 500.19; found 500.23. HPLC retention time: 1.26 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 78
Figure imgf000258_0002
Example 78, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-acetylamino- thiazol-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-acetylamino-thiazol- 5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H25N6O5S: 533.16; found 533.18. HPLC retention time: 1.21 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 79
Figure imgf000259_0001
Example 79, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-ethylamino- pyrazin-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-ethylamino-pyrazin- 5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H28N7O4: 514.22; found 514.18. HPLC retention time: 1.31 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 88
Figure imgf000259_0002
Example 88, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-ethyl-thiazol-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-ethyl-thiazol-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26N5O4S: 504.17; found 514.32. HPLC retention time: 1.50 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 89
Figure imgf000260_0001
Example 89, was prepared from Intermediate 5k and the 2-isobutyl-thiazol-5- yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(7-(2-isobutyl-thiazol-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H2gN5O3S: 502.19; found 502.26. HPLC retention time: 1.56 minutes (column E).
Example 90
Figure imgf000260_0002
Example 90, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-isobutyl-thiazol-5- yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-isobutyl-thiazol-5-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C28H30N5O4S: 532.20; found 532.27. HPLC retention time: 1.57 minutes (column E). Example 91
Figure imgf000261_0001
Example 91, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-(2-butyl)-thiazol-5- yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-(2-butyl)-thiazol-5-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z (M+H)+ Calc'd for C28H30N5O4S: 532.20; found 532.27. HPLC retention time: 1.57 minutes (column E).
Example 92
Figure imgf000261_0002
Example 92, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-(thiazol-2-yl)- thiazol-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-(thiazol-2-yl)-thiazol- 5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H23N6O4S2: 559.12; found 559.18. HPLC retention time: 1.55 minutes (column E). Example 93
Figure imgf000262_0001
Example 93, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-methylthio-thiazol-
5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-methylthio-thiazol-5-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H24N5O4S2: 522.13; found 522.17. HPLC retention time: 1.45 minutes (column E).
Example 95
Figure imgf000262_0002
Example 95, was prepared from Intermediate 5i and the pyrazin-2-yl stannane to provide 1 -benzoyl-4- [(4-fluoro-7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3 -y 1)- oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ9.89 (s, IH), 8.70 - 8.34 (m, 4H), 7.46 (m, 5H), 3.80 - 3.50 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H20FN6O3: 459.16; found 459.33. HPLC retention time: 1.46 minutes (column G). Example 100
Figure imgf000263_0001
Example 100, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-methylamino-3- methoxy-pyrazin-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2- methylamino-3-methoxy-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. 'H
NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.65 (s, IH), 8.43 (s, IH), 7.95 (s, IH), 7.45 (m, 5H), 4.21 (s, 3H), 4.12 (s, 3H), 3.89 - 3.32 (m, 8H), 3.06 (s, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H28N7O5: 530.22; found 530.19. HPLC retention time: 1.31 minutes (column A).
Example 101
Figure imgf000263_0002
Example 101, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-amino-3- methoxy-pyrazin-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-amino-3- methoxy-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. !H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.67 (s, IH), 8.34 (s, IH), 7.96 (s, IH), 7.48 (m, 5H), 4.22 (s, 3H), 4.12 (s, 3H), 3.92 - 3.32 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26N7O5: 516.20; found 516.23. HPLC retention time: 1.27 minutes (column A). Example 102
Figure imgf000264_0001
Example 102, was prepared from Intermediate 51 and the pyrazin-2-yl stannane to provide l-picolinoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(pyrazin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ9.59 (s, IH), 8.79 - 7.51 (m, 8H), 4.13 (s, 3H), 3.95 -3.34 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H22N7O4: 472.17; found 472.25. HPLC retention time: 1.15 minutes (column A).
Example 103
Figure imgf000264_0002
Example 103, was prepared from Intermediate 51 and the 2-dimethylamino- pyrazin-5-yl stannane to provide l-picolinoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-dimethylamino- pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H27NsO4: 515.22; found 515.16. HPLC retention time: 1.29 minutes (column A). Example 104
Figure imgf000265_0001
Example 104, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 6-aza-benzofuran-2- yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(6-aza-benzofuran-2-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ8.48 (d, IH, J= 8.5 Hz), 8.36 (s, IH), 8.30 (s, IH), 8.02 (s, IH), 7.64 (d, IH, J= 8.55 Hz), 7.41 (m, 4H), 6.92 (s, IH), 4.12 (s, 3H), 3.87 - 3.38 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C28H24N5Os: 510.18; found 510.33. HPLC retention time: 1.33 minutes (column A).
Example 105
Figure imgf000265_0002
Example 105, was prepared from Intermediate 5m and the 2-dimethylamino- pyrazin-5-yl stannane to provide (R)-l -picolinoyl-3 -methyl-4- [(7-(2-dimethylamino- pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H27N8O3: 499.22; found 499.27. HPLC retention time: 1.17 minutes (column A). Example 106
Figure imgf000266_0001
Example 106, was prepared from Intermediate 5n and the 2-dimethylamino- pyrazin-5-yl stannane to provide (S)-l -picolinoyl-3 -methyl-4- [(7-(2-dimethylamino- pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. lK NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ9.08 - 7.49 (m, 9H), 5.00 - 3.15 (m, 13H), 1.44 - 1.27 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H27N8O3: 499.22; found 499.27. HPLC retention time: 1.19 minutes (column A).
Example 109
Figure imgf000266_0002
Example 109, was prepared from Intermediate 5m and the thiazol-5-yl stannane to provide (R)-l-picolinoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-(thiazol-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. . Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ9.42 - 7.49 (m, 9H), 4.98 - 3.14 (m, 7H), 1.43 - 1.26 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C23H21N6O3S: 461.14; found 461.28. HPLC retention time: 1.11 minutes (column A). Example 110
Figure imgf000267_0001
Example 110, was prepared from Intermediate 5n and the thiazol-5-yl stannane to provide (S)-l-picolinoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-(thiazol-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. . !H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ9.44 - 7.48 (m, 9H), 4.98 - 3.15 (m, 7H), 1.43 - 1.26 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C23H21N6O3S: 461.14; found 461.27. HPLC retention time: 1.13 minutes (column A).
Example 111
Figure imgf000267_0002
Example 111, was prepared from Intermediate 5f and the 2-amino-pyrazin-6- yl stannane to provide (R)-l-benzoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-(2-amino-pyrazin-6-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.68 - 7.45 (m, 10H), 4.89 - 3.13 (m, 7H), 1.39 - 0.99 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H24N7O3: 470.19; found 470.31. HPLC retention time: 1.30 minutes (column A). Example 112
Figure imgf000268_0001
Example 112, was prepared from Intermediate 5f and the 2-amino-pyridin-6- yl stannane to provide (R)-l-benzoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-(2-amino-pyridin-6-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.65 - 6.89 (m, 1 IH), 4.90 - 3.12 (m, 7H), 1.39 - 0.99 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H25N6O3: 469.20; found 469.32. HPLC retention time: 1.26 minutes (column A).
Example 113
Figure imgf000268_0002
Example 113, was prepared from Intermediate 5f and the 2-amino-pyridin-5- yl stannane to provide (R)-l-benzoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-(2-amino-pyridin-5-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.75 - 7.19 (m, 1 IH), 4.91 - 3.12 (m, 7H), 1.38 - 1.25 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H25N6O3: 469.20; found 469.34. HPLC retention time: 1.05 minutes (column A). Example 114
Figure imgf000269_0001
Example 114, was prepared from Intermediate 5f and the 5-amino-pyridin-2- yl stannane to provide (R)-l -benzoyl-3 -methyl-4- [(7-(5-amino-pyridin-2-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piρerazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.67 - 7.20 (m, 1 IH), 4.88 - 3.13 (m, 7H), 1.39 - 1.25 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H25N6O3: 469.20; found 469.33. HPLC retention time: 1.22 minutes (column A).
Example 115
Figure imgf000269_0002
Example 115, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-methylamino- pyrazin-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-methylamino- pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.90 (s, IH), 8.61 (s, IH), 8.18 (s, IH), 7.92 (s, IH), 7.46 (m, 5H), 4.12 (s, 3H), 3.85 - 3.40 (m, 8H), 3.02 (s, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26N7O4: 500.20; found 500.23. HPLC retention time: 1.24 minutes (column A). Example 116
Figure imgf000270_0001
Example 116, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-(2-pyrrolidinon-l- yl)-thiazol-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-((2-pyrrolidinon-l- yl)-thiazol-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C28H27N6O5S2: 559.18; found 559.11. HPLC retention time: 1.39 minutes (column E).
Example 117
Figure imgf000270_0002
Example 117, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-methoxy- pyrimidin-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-methoxy- pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H25N6O5: 501.19; found 501.12. HPLC retention time: 1.21 minutes (column E). Example 118
Figure imgf000271_0001
Example 118, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-(pyrrol-l-yl)- pyrimidin-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-(pyrrol-l-yl)- pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C29H26N7O4: 536.20; found 536.33. HPLC retention time: 1.44 minutes (column C).
Example 119
Figure imgf000271_0002
Example 119, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the pyrimidin-4-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ9.29 (s, IH), 8.88 (d, IH, J= 5.4 Hz), 8.48 (d, IH, J= 5.25 Hz), 8.26 (s, IH), 8.18 (s, IH), 7.43 (m, 5H), 4.13 (s, 3H), 3.85 - 3.47 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O4: 471.18; found 471.32. HPLC retention time: 1.35 minutes (column G). Example 120
Figure imgf000272_0001
Example 119, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the pyridazin-3-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(pyridazin-3-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) 89.16 (s, IH), 8.77 (d, IH, J= 8.5 Hz), 8.26 (d, IH, J= 3.05 Hz), 8.18 (s, IH), 7.68 (m, IH), 7.43 (m, 5H), 4.13 (s, 3H), 3.85 - 3.47 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)" Calc'd for C25H23N6O4: 471.18; found 471.16. HPLC retention time : 1.35 minutes (column G) .
Example 125
Figure imgf000272_0002
Example 125, was prepared from Intermediate 5i and the pyrimidin-4-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-fluoro-7-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ9.36 (s, IH), 8.96 (d, IH, J= 5.35 Hz), 8.58 (d, IH, J= 5.10 Hz), 8.43 (s, IH), 8.38 (s, IH), 7.43 (m, 5H), 3.85 3.47 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H20FN6O2: 459.16; found 459.15. HPLC retention time: 1.48 minutes (column A). Example 126
Figure imgf000273_0001
Example 126, was prepared from Intermediate 5i and the oxazol-2-yl stannane to provide (R)- 1 -benzoyl-3 -Methyl-4- [7-(oxazol-2-yl)-4-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H22N5O4: 444.17; found 444.25. HPLC retention time: 1.13 minutes (column A).
Example 131
Figure imgf000273_0002
Example 131, was prepared from Intermediate 5p and the thiazol-2-yl stannane to provide 1 -benzoyl-4- [7-(thiazol-2-yl)-4-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyfjpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C23H20N5O3S: 446.13; found 446.04. HPLC retention time: 1.12 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 80
Figure imgf000274_0001
Preparation of Example 80, l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-amino-thioazol-5- yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine: A mixture of Example 78 (9 mg), TFA (3 mL) and water (1 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 10 hours. After solvent was removed under vaccum, the residue was purified by using silica gel chromatography to afford l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-amino-thioazol-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine (3 mg); MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C24H23N6O5S: 491.15; found 491.21. HPLC retention time: 1.20 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 81
Figure imgf000274_0002
Example 81, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the furan-3-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(furan-3-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N4O5: 459.17; found 459.24. HPLC retention time: 1.13 minutes (column A). Example 150
Figure imgf000275_0001
Example 150, was prepared from Intermediate 5f and the 5-amino-pyrazin-2- yl stannane to provide (R)-l-benzoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-(5-amino-pyrazin-2-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H24N7O3: 470.19; found 470.19. HPLC retention time: 1.14 minutes (column G).
Example 153
Figure imgf000275_0002
Example 153, was prepared from Intermediate 5f and the 2-amino-pyrimidin- 5-yl stannane to provide (R)-l-benzoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-(2-amino-pyrimidin-5-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H24N7O3: 470.19; found 470.22. HPLC retention time: 1.07 minutes (column G). Example 147
Figure imgf000276_0001
Intermediate 5i (16.5 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was treated with N- benzoylpiperazine hydrochloride, DEBPT (15 mg, 0.05 mmol) and Hunig's base (34 μL, 0.2 mmol) at rt for 18h. The solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC. The fractions showing the right
LC/MS(ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 501 were collected, concentrated and purified again using a preparative TLC (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) to afford the title compound as a white solid. 'H-ΝMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 11.2 (s, IH), 10.0 (s, IH), 9.21 (s, 1 H), 8.51 (s, IH), 8.41 (s, IH), 8.40 (m, 1 H), 8.32 (s, IH), 7.62 (m, IH), 7.45 (m, 5H), 3.90-3.50 (bm, 8H).
Example 156
Figure imgf000276_0002
Example 156, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 4,4- dimethy loxazolin-2-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(7-(4,4-dimethyloxazolin-2- yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H28Ν5O5: 490.21; found 490.22. HPLC retention time: 1.20 minutes (column C). Example 169
Figure imgf000277_0001
Example 169, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and the 2-(4- pyridinecarboxamido)-thiazol-5-yl stannane to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(7-(2-(4- pyridinecarboxamido)-thiazol-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C30H26N7O5S: 596.17; found 596.14. HPLC retention time: 1.32 minutes (column C).
EXAMPLES 82-86, 98, 107, 108, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134
Examples 82-86, 98, 107,108, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133 and 134 were prepared according to the general procedure as previously described for Examples 2- 14.
EXAMPLE 82
Figure imgf000277_0002
Example 82, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and thien-2-yl boronic acid to provide 1 -benzoyl-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(thiophen-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N4O4S: 475.14; found 475.31. HPLC retention time: 1.14 minutes (column A). EXAMPLE 83
Figure imgf000278_0001
Example 83, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and thien-2-yl boronic acid to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(thiophen-3-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N4O4S: 475.14; found 475.33. HPLC retention time: 1.16 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 84
Figure imgf000278_0002
Example 84, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and 5-carbonylthien-2-yl boronic acid to provide l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(5-carbonyl-thiophen-2-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H23N4O5S: 503.14; found 503.23. HPLC retention time: 1.31 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 85
Figure imgf000279_0001
Example 76, was prepared from Intermediate 5b and 5-carbonylfuran-2-yl boronic acid to provide l-(benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(5-carbonyl-furan-2-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H23N4O6: 487.16; found 487.28. HPLC retention time: 1.44 minutes (column A).
EXAMPLE 86
Figure imgf000279_0002
Example 86, was prepared from Intermediate 5d and 4-methylthien-2-yl boronic acid to provide l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(4-methyl-thiophen-2-yl)-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H25N4O3S: 473.16; found 473.26. HPLC retention time: 1.28 minutes (column A).
Example 98
Figure imgf000280_0001
Example 98, was prepared from Intermediate 5d and 2-benzofuranyl boronic acid to provide 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methy 1-4- [(7-(benzofuran-2-yl)-4-azaindol-3 -yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. 'H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 8.24 (s, IH), 8.09 (s, IH), 7.70- 7.26 (m, 10H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 3.97 - 3.49 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C29H25N4O5: 509.18; found 509.18. HPLC retention time: 1.50 minutes (column A).
Example 107
Figure imgf000280_0002
Example 107, was prepared from Intermediate 5m and 2-benzofuranyl boronic acid to provide (R)-l -picolinoyl-3 -methyl-4- [(7-(benzofuran-2-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.77 - 7.38 (m, 12H), 4.99 - 3.16 (m, 7H), 1.44 - 1.27 (m, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C28H24N5O4: 494.18; found 494.24. HPLC retention time: 1.35 minutes (column A). Example 108
Figure imgf000281_0001
Example 108, was prepared from Intermediate 5n and 2-benzofuranyl boronic acid to provide (S)-l-picolinoyl-3-methyl-4-[(7-(benzofuran-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C28H24N5O4: 494.18; found 494.23. HPLC retention time: 1.37 minutes (column A).
Example 127
Figure imgf000281_0002
Example 127, was prepared from Intermediate 5i and the benzothiophen-2-yl boronic acid to provide (R)- 1 -benzoyl-3-Methyl-4-[7-(benzothiophen-2-yl)-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C29H25N4O3S: 509.16; found 509.21. HPLC retention time: 1.42 minutes (column A). Example 128
Figure imgf000282_0001
Example 128, was prepared from Intermediate 5i and the thiophen-2-yl boronic acid to provide (R)-l -benzoyl-3 -Methyl-4- [7-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-azaindol-3 - yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N4O3S: 459.15; found 459.27. HPLC retention time: 1.22 minutes (column A).
Example 129
Figure imgf000282_0002
Example 129, was prepared from Intermediate 5i and the thiophen-3-yl boronic acid to provide (R)- 1 -benzoyl-3 -Methyl-4- [7-(thiophen-3 -yl)-4-azaindol-3 - yl)-oxoacetyl]ρiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N4O3S: 459.15; found 459.34. HPLC retention time: 1.31 minutes (column A).
Example 130
Figure imgf000282_0003
Example 130, was prepared from Intermediate 5i and the 2,5-dimethyl- isoxazol-4-yl boronic acid to provide (R)-l-benzoyl-3-Methyl-4-[7-(2,5-dimethyl- isoxazol-4-yl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H26N5O4: 472.20; found 472.28. HPLC retention time: 1.14 minutes (column A).
Example 132
Figure imgf000283_0001
Example 132, was prepared from Intermediate 5p and the 2-methylcarbonyl- thiophen-5-yl boronic acid to provide l-benzoyl-4-[7-(2-methylcarbonyl-thiophen-5- yl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H23N4O4S: 487.14; found 487.20. HPLC retention time: 1.14 minutes (column A).
Example 133
Figure imgf000283_0002
Example 133, was prepared from Intermediate 5p and the 2-carbonyl- thiophen-5-yl boronic acid to provide l-benzoyl-4-[7-(2-carbonyl-thiophen-5-yl)-4- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H21N4O4S: 473.13; found 473.11. HPLC retention time: 1.14 minutes (column A). Example 134
Figure imgf000284_0001
Example 134, was prepared from Intermediate 5p and the 4-methyl-thiophen-
2-yl boronic acid to provide l-benzoyl-4-[7-(4-methyl-thiophen-2-yl)-4-azaindol-3- yl)-oxoacetyl]ρiρerazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N4O3S: 459.15; found 459.08. HPLC retention time: 1.26 minutes (column G).
Example 152
Figure imgf000284_0002
Preparation of Example 152:
To a mixture of acid intermediate 16 (30 mg, 68 μmol), 3-aminopyridine (26 mg, 0.27 mmol) and DMAP (50 mg, 0.41 mmol) was added THF (2 ml), and then EDC (60 mg, 0.31 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The LC/MS analysis indicated that the major product was the activated ester. The reaction mixture was then added into a DMF (2 ml) solution of 3-aminopyridine (400 mg, 4.25 mmol) and stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. After addition of MeOH (4 ml), the reaction mixture was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC to give the TFA salt of the title compound using the method: Start %B = 30, Final %B = 75, Gradient time = 25 min, Flow Rate = 25 ml/min, Column : YMC C18 5um 20 x 100mm, Fraction Collection: 10.41 - 11.08 min. Η NMR: (DMSO- ) δ 13.04 (s, IH), 11.17 (s, IH), 9.17 (s, IH), 8.53 (s, IH), 8.35 (m, 3H), 7.44 (b s, 6H), 3.75 - 3.37 (b m, 8H); LC MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)"= 517, 519; HPLC Rt = 1.653.
Example 143
Figure imgf000285_0001
Prep of Example 143:
To a mixture of intermediate 5q (31 mg, 65 μmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (20 mg, 17 μmol) was added 1,4-dioxane (1 ml) and ii (30 mg, 78 μmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 145°C for 4 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was added MeOH (4 ml) and then filtered. The filtrate was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC to give the TFA salt of the title compound using the method: Start %B = 25, Final %B = 90, Gradient time = 20 min, Flow Rate = 25 ml/min, Column : YMC C18 5um 20 x 100mm, Fraction Collection:
11.14 - 11.92 min. Η NMR: (DMSO-J ) δ 12.71 (s, IH), 9.01 (s, IH), 8.36 (s, IH), 8.27 (s, IH), 8.08 (s, IH), 7.44 (b s, 5H), 7.44 (b s, 2H), 3.75 - 3.37 (b m, 8H); LC MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 490, 492; HPLC R, = 2.250.
Example 149
Figure imgf000285_0002
Preparation of Example 49:
To a suspension of compound of Example 143 (12 mg, 24 μmol) in sulfuric acid (5%,
2 ml), was charged sodium nitrite (22 mg, 0.32 mol) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes and then at ambient temperature for 1 hour. After addition of MeOH (4 ml), the reaction mixture was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC to give a TFA solvate of title compound using the method: Start %B = 20, Final %B = 85, Gradient time = 15 min, Flow Rate = 25 ml/min, Column : YMC C18 5um 20 x 100mm, Fraction Collection: 10.67- 11.36 min. !H NMR: (DMSO- dβ) o 12.62 (s, IH), 8.45 (s, IH), 8.35 (s, IH), 8.29 (s, IH), 8.18 (s, IH), 7.44 (b s, 5H), 3.80 - 3.30 (b m, 8H); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 491, 493; HPLC R, = 2.193.
Example 144
Figure imgf000286_0001
Preparation of Example 144:
To a mixture of intermediate 5q (50 mg, 105 μmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (50 mg, 43 μmol) was added 1,4-dioxane (1 ml) and iii (77 mg, 210 μmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 145°C for 16 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was added MeOH (4 ml) and then filtered. The filtrate was purified by reverse phase HPLC to give the TFA salt of the title compound of using the method: Start %B = 15, Final %B = 100, Gradient time = 20 min, Flow Rate = 25 ml/min, Column : YMC C18 5um 20 x 100mm, Fraction Collection: 11.80 - 12.31 min. Η NMR: (CD3OD) δ 9.32 (s, IH), 9.25 (s, 2H), 8.50 (s, IH), 8.44 (s, IH), 7.47 (b s, 5H), 4.00 - 3.44 (b m, 8H); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 475, 477; HPLC R, - 1.833. EXAMPLE 87
Figure imgf000287_0001
Preparation of Example 87, l-benzoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxycarbonyl- furan-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine: A mixture ofthe compound of Example 85 (19 mg), NaClO2 (9.2 mg) in a mixed solution of CH3CN (3 mL) and water (0.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. After the reaction was quenched by IN NaOH solution (1 ml), the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 10 mL). The aqueous phase was acidified with IN HCI to give a yellow solid precipitate (5mg) which was the product shown. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H23N6O7: 503.16; found 503.19. HPLC retention time: 1.37 minutes (column A).
General Procedure of Converting -NH2 Group to -NHCOR Group
Preparation of Example 99, l-(benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-acetylamino- pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine: l-(benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7- (2-amino-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (4mg) andacetic anhydride (20mg) were dissolved in pyridine (0.5ml). The reaction was stirred for three hours at room temperature. After reaction was quenched with Meoh (1ml), solvents were concentrated to give a residue which was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to provide 3.0 mg ofthe desired compound, 1- (benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-acetylamino-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ9.58 (s, IH), 9.25 (s, IH), 8.45 (s, IH), 8.10 (s, IH), 7.49 (m, 5H), 4.12 (s, 3H), 3.84 - 3.35 (m, 8H), 2.27 (s, 3H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C27H26N7O5: 528.20; found 528.22. HPLC retention time: 1.33 minutes (column A). General Procedure of Converting -NH2 Group to -OH Group
Preparation of Example 97, l-(benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxyl- pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)-oxoacetyl jpiperazine : 1 -(benzoyl)-4- [(4-methoxy-7- (2-amino-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (15 mg) and NaNO2 (10 mg) was added into a H2SO4 solution (0.1ml of concentrated H2SO4 diluted with 0.3 ml of water). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for one hour. Then, the reaction mixture was neutralized with a saturated Na2CO3 solution (10 ml). The solvents were concentrated to give a residue which was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to provide 4.2mg of the desired compound, 1- (benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxyl-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyl]piperazine. Η NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ8.55 (s, IH), 8.44 (s, IH), 8.31 (s, IH), 8.01 (s, IH), 7.49 (m, 5H), 4.12 (s, 3H), 3.84 - 3.64 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O5: 487.17; found 487.22. HPLC retention time: 1.13 minutes (column A).
Figure imgf000288_0001
This general procedure is applied to prepare examples 121, 122,123,124,155, 157, and 162.
Example 121
Figure imgf000288_0002
Example 121, (R)-l-(benzoyl)-3-methyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxyl- pyrazin-6-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O4: 471.18; found 471.17. HPLC retention time: 1.39 minutes (column G).
Example 121-2
Figure imgf000289_0001
Example 121-2, (R)- 1 -(benzoyl)-3-methyl-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxyl-4- oxo-pyrazin-6-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine was isolated during the preparation of Example 121. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O5: 487.17; found 487.17. HPLC retention time: 1.08 minutes (column G).
Example 122
Figure imgf000289_0002
Example 122, (R)- 1 -(benzoyl)-3 -methyl-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxyl- pyridin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H24N5O4: 470.18; found 470.17. HPLC retention time: 1.03 minutes (column G). Example 123
Figure imgf000290_0001
Example 123, (R)-l-(benzoyl)-3-methyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxyl- pyridin-6-yl)-6-azaindol-3ryl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H24N5O4: 470.18; found 470.14. HPLC retention time: 1.28 minutes (column G).
Example 124
Figure imgf000290_0002
Example 124, (R)-l-(benzoyl)-3-methyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(5-hydroxyl- pyridin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H24N5O4: 470.18; found 470.13. HPLC retention time: 1.21 minutes (column G).
Figure imgf000290_0003
Preparation of Example 138
Figure imgf000291_0001
Preparation of Example 138, l-(benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(l-methylpyrazin- 2-on-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3 -yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine : 1 -(benzoyl)-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(2- hydroxyl-pyrazin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine (6mg), Mel (5mg) and K2CO3 (4 mg)were dissolved in acetone (5 ml). The reaction was stirred for four hours at room temperature. After solid was filtered away, the mother liquid was concentrated to give a residue which was purified using a Shimadzu automated preparative HPLC System to provide 3.0 mg ofthe desired compound, l-(benzoyl)-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(l-methylpyrazin-2-on-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H25N6O5: 501.19; found 501.14. HPLC retention time: 1.08 minutes (column G).
Example 139
Figure imgf000291_0002
Intermediate 4i was dissolved in DMF (2 ml), and to which N-benzoyl-(R)- methylpiperazine hydrochloride (0.092 g, 0.45 mmol) and 3- (diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-l,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (DEPBT, 0.180 g, 0.60 mmol) were added, followed by NN-diisopropylethy lamine (0.15 ml, 0.87 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at r.t., and then the volatile evaporated under high vacuum. Water was added to the mixture to induce precipitation, and the solids were filtered and dried in vacuo. Purification of the crude solid by preparative thin layer chromatography (5% MeOΗ/ CΗ2C12), and subsequent washing with ether gave the title compound; Η ΝMR: (CDC13) δ 8.78 (s, IH), 8.32 (s, IH), 8.28 (s, IH) 7.84 (s, IH), 7.44 (b s, 5H), 6.56 (s, IH), 5.00-3.00 (b m, 7H), 1.45-1.20 (b s, 3H); LC MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 521, 523; HPLC R, = 1.677
Example 140
Figure imgf000292_0001
The title compound was prepared according to general procedures described before (Sn-coupling). H ΝMR: 8.41(m, IH); 8.33(m, IH); 8.16(m, IH); 7.53(m, IH); 7.47(bs, 5H); 3.97-3.54(m, 8H). LC/MS: (ES+) m/z(m+H)+ = 448, Rt = 1.28min.
Figure imgf000292_0002
The title compound was prepared according to general procedures described before (Sn-coupling). Η-ΝMR: 9.71-9.70(m, IH); 8.80-8.79(m, IH); 8.66-8.42(m, 2H); 8.41-8.35(m, 2H); 7.99-7.92(m,lH), 7.69-7.53(m, IH); 7.48-7.44(m, IH); 5.05- 3.15(m, 8H). LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (m+H)+ = 474. Rt = 1.26min.
Example 144
Figure imgf000293_0001
Preparation of Example 144:
To a mixture of intermediate 5q (50 mg, 105 μmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (50 mg, 43 μmol) was added 1,4-dioxane (1 ml) and iii (77 mg, 210 μmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 145°C for 16 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was added MeOH (4 ml) and then filtered. The filtrate was purified by reverse phase HPLC to give the TFA salt of the title compound of using the method: Start %B = 15, Final %B = 100, Gradient time = 20 min, Flow Rate = 25 ml/min, Column : YMC C18 5um 20 x 100mm, Fraction Collection: 11.80 - 12.31 min. Η NMR: (CD3OD) δ 9.32 (s, IH), 9.25 (s, 2H), 8.50 (s, IH), 8.44 (s, IH), 7.47 (b s, 5H), 4.00 - 3.44 (b m, 8H); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 475, 477; HPLC P, = 1.833.
Example 145
Figure imgf000293_0002
The title compound was prepared following the procedure described before for example 146 and intermediate 4k. 'H NMR: 8.35-8.33(m, 2H); 8.1 l(s, IH); 7.89(s, IH); 7.43(bs, 5H); 3.89-3.49(m, 8H). LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 448. Rt = 1.18min.
Figure imgf000294_0001
Intermediate 4m (0.26 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (1 mL) and treated with N- benzoylpiperazine hydrochloride (59 mg, 0.26 mmol), DEBPT (79 mg, 0.26 mmol) and Hunig's base ( 90 μL, 0.52 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 18h. The solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC. The fractions showing the right LC/MS :(ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 449 were collected, concentrated and purified again using a preparative TLC (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) to afford the title compound as a white solid. Η-ΝMR (500 MHz,
CDC13) δ 10.7 (s, IH), 9.00 (s, IH), 8.54 (s, IH), 8.39 (s, IH), 7.45 (m, 5H), 3.9-3.5 (bm, 8H).
Figure imgf000294_0002
The title compound was prepared from intermediate 4n using the same coupling conditions described for the last step of the preparation of intermediate 5i. 'H ΝMR: 8.82(m, IH); 8.48-8.45(m, IH); 8.37-8.33(m, IH); 8.26-8.23(m, IH); 7.47(bs, 5H); 3.97-3.54(m, 8H). LC/MS: (ES+) m/z(m+H)+ = 447 Rt = 0.94min. Example 151
Figure imgf000295_0001
Example 151, was prepared from Intermediate 51 and the thiazol-5-yl stannane to provide l-picolinoyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(thiazol-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)- oxoacetyljpiperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C23H21N6O4S: 477.13; found 477.13. HPLC retention time: 0.94 minutes (column G).
Example 154
Figure imgf000295_0002
The title compound was prepared according to general procedures described before (Sn-coupling). 'H-NMR: 9.23-9.22 (m, IH); 8.83-8.8 l(m, IH); 8.43 (m, IH); 8.36 (m, IH); 7.75-7.73 (m,lH), 7.44 (bs, 5H); 3.85-3.49 (m, 8H). LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 459. Rt = 1.39min.
Example 155
Figure imgf000295_0003
Example 155, 1 -(benzoyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxyl-pyrazin-5-yl)-6- azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O5: 487.17; found 487.14. HPLC retention time: 1.30 minutes (column G).
Example 157
Figure imgf000296_0001
Example 157, (R)-l -(benzoyl)-3 -methyl-4- [(4-methoxy-7-(5 -hydroxy 1- pyrazin-2-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O4: 471.18; found 471.16. HPLC retention time: 1.09 minutes (column G).
Example 161
Figure imgf000296_0002
C28H23 θ3
Exact Mass: 505.19
Moi. Wt.: 505.53
Procedure as usual to yield A: Η NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ 9.67 (s, IH), 8.81 (s, IH), 8.72 (d, J= 5.4 Hz, IH), 8.25 (d, J= 6.1 Hz, IH), 8.00 (dd, J= 8.2, 1.8 Hz, IH), 7.68 (dd, J= 8.2, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (tt, J= 7.4, 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (br s, 5H), 4.04-3.46 (m, 8H). MS m/z: (M+H)+ calcd for C28H24N7O3: 506.19; found 506.15. HPLC retention time: 1.21 minutes (XTERRA C18 S7 3.0 x 50 mm)).
Figure imgf000297_0001
Example 162, (R)-l-(benzoyl)-3-methyl-4-[(4-methoxy-7-(2-hydroxyl- pyrimidin-5-yl)-6-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C25H23N6O4: 471.18; found 471.13. HPLC retention time: 0.95 minutes (column G).
Example 163
Figure imgf000297_0002
To a solution of intermediate 5q (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was added
CuCN (30 mg, 0.335 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 170°C for 30 min. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH (15 ml), filtered under gravity, and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo to afforded a brownish residue which is a cyanointermediate. To the residue in DMF (1 ml) was added sodium azide (61 mg, 0.95 mmol) and ammonium chloride (50 mg, 0.95 mmol). The mixture was heated at 90°C for one hour. The reaction mixture was then diluted with MeOH (4 ml), filtered, and the filtrate purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC using the method: Start %B = 20, Final %B = 80, Gradient time = 15 min, Flow Rate = 40 ml/min, Column : XTERRA C18 5 urn 30 x 100 mm, Fraction Collection: 11.26 - 11.71 min. The material was homogenous by 'H NMR and HPLC, although the mass spectrum indicated an extra peak at (M+H)+ = 431; *H NMR: (CD3OD) 8.41 (s, IH), 8.12 (s, IH), 7.47 (b s, 5H), 3.97 - 3.47 (b , 8H); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 465, 467; HPLC R. = 1.937 Example 164
Figure imgf000298_0001
Example 164, was prepared from Intermediate 5a and the 4- hydroxycarbonylphenyl boronic acid to provide l-benzoyl-4-[7-(4- hydroxycarbonylphenyl)-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C28H25N4O5: 497.18; found 497.22. HPLC retention time: 1.20 minutes (column C).
Example 165
Figure imgf000298_0002
Compound of Example 165 was prepared in a similar manner to compound of Example 143 starting with intermediate 5r, but at 125°C for 22 hours and purification by preparative thin layer chromatography (4% MeOH/CH2Cl2). XH NMR: (CDC13) δ 11.85 (s, IH), 9.91 (d, J= 1.6 Hz, IH), 8.70 (d, J= 2.6 Hz, IH), 8.65 (dd, J= 1.6, 2.6 Hz, IH), 8.52 (s, IH), 8.35 (d, J= 3.1 Hz, IH), 3.73 (b m, 2H), 3.56 (b m, 4H), 3.53 (b m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H); LC/MS: (ES+) m/z (M+H)+= 471, 473; HPLC R, = 1.690.
Figure imgf000299_0001
Intermediate 4m (0.098 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (1 mL) and treated with N-[5- (2-Bromofuroyl)]piperazine hydrochloride (30 mg, 0.098 mmol), DEBPT (60 mg,
0.19 mmol ) and Hunig's base (70 μL, 0.19 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 18h. The solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC. The fractions showing the right LC/MS:(ES+) m/z (M+H)+ = 518,520 were collected, concentrated and purified again using a preparative TLC (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) to afford the title compound as a white solid.
'H-ΝMR (500 MHz, CDC13) δ 10.7 (s, IH), 9.00 (s, IH), 8.54 (s, 1 H), 8.40 (s, IH), 7.06 (d, J=3.4 Hz, IH), 6.46 06 (d, J=3.4 Hz, IH), 3.90-3.66 (bm, 8H).
Example 168
Figure imgf000299_0002
Example 168, l-benzoyl-3-(R)-methyl-4-[(7-(2-thienylcarbonyl)-4-azaindol- 3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine, was prepared from a reaction 1 -benzoyl-3 -(R)-methyl-4- [(7-(methoxymethylamino)carbonyl)-4-azaindol-3 -yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine and 2- thienyl lithium by using the same procedure for the preapartion of 1-64, 1 -benzoyl-3 - (R)-methyl-4-[(7-(2-propynyl)carbonyl-4-azaindol-3-yl)-oxoacetyl]piperazine. MS m/z: (M+H)+ Calc'd for C26H23Ν4O4S: 487.14; found 487.11. HPLC retention time: 1.31 minutes (column A).
6 and hereafter, the following definitions apply. Biology
• μM" means micromolar;
• "mL" means milliliter;
• "μl" means microliter;
• mg" means milligram;
The materials and experimental procedures used to obtain the results reported in Tables 1-5 are described below.
Cells:
• Virus production-Human embryonic Kidney cell line, 293, propagated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD) containing 10% fetal Bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, St. Louis , MO).
• Virus infection- Human epithelial cell line, HeLa, expressing the HIN-1 receptors CD4 and CCR5 was propagated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD) containing 10% fetal Bovine serum (FBS, Sigma, St. Louis , MO) and supplemented with 0.2 mg/mL Geneticin (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD) and 0.4 mg/mL Zeocin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad,
CA).
Nirus-Single-round infectious reporter virus was produced by co-transfecting human embryonic Kidney 293 cells with an HIN-1 envelope DΝA expression vector and a proviral cDΝA containing an envelope deletion mutation and the luciferase reporter gene inserted in place of HIN-1 nef sequences (Chen et al, Ref. 41). Transfections were performed using lipofectAMIΝE PLUS reagent as described by the manufacturer (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD).
Experiment
1. Compound was added to HeLa CD4 CCR5 cells plated in 96 well plates at a cell density of 5 X 104 cells per well in 100 μl Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium containing 10 % fetal Bovine serum at a concentration of <20 μM. 2. 100 μl of single-round infectious reporter virus in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium was then added to the plated cells and compound at an approximate multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, resulting in a final volume of 200 μl per well and a final compound concentration of <10 μM.
3. Samples were harvested 72 h after infection.
4. Niral infection was monitored by measuring luciferase expression from viral DΝA in the infected cells using a luciferase reporter gene assay kit (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN). Infected cell supernatants were removed and 50 μl of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (without phenol red) and 50 μl of luciferase assay reagent reconstituted as described by the manufacturer (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, IN) was added per well. Luciferase activity was then quantified by measuring luminescence using a Wallac microbeta scintillation counter.
5. The percent inhibition for each compound was calculated by quantifying the level of luciferase expression in cells infected in the presence of each compound as a percentage of that observed for cells infected in the absence of compound and subtracting such a determined value from 100.
6. An EC50 provides a method for comparing the antiviral potency ofthe compounds of this invention. The effective concentration for fifty percent inhibition (EC50) was calculated with the Microsoft Excel Xlfit curve fitting software. For each compound, curves were generated from percent inhibition calculated at 10 different concentrations by using a four paramenter logistic model (model 205). The EC50 data for the compounds is shown in Tables 2-4. Table 1 is the key for the data in Tables 2-4. Results
Table 1. Biological Data Key for EC50s
Figure imgf000302_0002
*Some of these compounds may have been tested at a concentration lower than their EC50 but showed some ability to cause inhibition and thus should be evaluated at a higher concentration to determine the exact EC50.
In Tables 2-5, X2, X4 etc. indicates the point of attachment.
Table 2
Figure imgf000302_0001
Examples
Figure imgf000302_0003
Figure imgf000303_0001
Figure imgf000304_0001
Figure imgf000305_0001
Figure imgf000306_0001
Figure imgf000307_0001
Figure imgf000308_0001
Figure imgf000309_0001
Figure imgf000310_0001
Figure imgf000311_0001
Figure imgf000312_0001
Figure imgf000313_0001
Figure imgf000314_0001
Figure imgf000315_0002
Table 3
Figure imgf000315_0001
Example 56
Figure imgf000316_0002
Table 4
Figure imgf000316_0001
Figure imgf000316_0003
Figure imgf000317_0001
Figure imgf000318_0001
Figure imgf000319_0002
The 5-aza inhibitors shown in Table 5 can be prepared from intermediates la or 2s or the corresponding 7-desbromo-7-chloro intermediates which are prepared analogously and the methods herein or by using other methods described herein.
Table 5
Figure imgf000319_0001
5-aza inhibitors
Figure imgf000320_0002
The compounds in Table 2a exemplify some ofthe many additional inhibitors which could be prepared by using methodology contained herein or exemplified in thepreparation ofthe compounds in Table 2.
Table 2a
Figure imgf000320_0001
Additional Inhibitors
Figure imgf000320_0003
Figure imgf000321_0001
Figure imgf000322_0001
Figure imgf000323_0001
Figure imgf000324_0001
Figure imgf000325_0001
Figure imgf000326_0001
Figure imgf000327_0001
Figure imgf000328_0001
Figure imgf000329_0001
Figure imgf000330_0001
Figure imgf000331_0001
Figure imgf000332_0001
Figure imgf000333_0001
Figure imgf000334_0001
Figure imgf000335_0001
Figure imgf000336_0001
The inhibitors in Table 4a could be prepared using analogous procedures which were demonstrated to prepare the examples in Table 4.
Table 4a
Figure imgf000336_0002
Other inhibitors
Figure imgf000337_0001
The compounds of Table 6 below were all found to be very potent in the assay described above using % inhibition as a criteria. In Table 6, X2, X4 etc. indicates the point of attachment. The vast majority ofthe compounds exhibited greater than 98% inhibition at a concentration of lOuM. The data at lOμM was calculated in the following manner:
Method for extrapolating % inhibition at lOμM
The compounds of Table 6 below were all found to be very potent in the assay described above using % inhibition as a criteria. In Table 5, X2, X4 etc. indicates the point of attachment. The vast majority ofthe compounds exhibited greater than 98% inhibition at a concentration of lOuM. The data at lOμM was calculated in the following manner:
Method for extrapolating % inhibition at lOμM
The data in Table 6 was obtained using the general procedures above and by the following methods. Data is not reported for all compounds since data for all the compounds is reported by the alternate method in Table 2. The percent inhibition for each compound was calculated by quantifying the level of luciferase expression in cells infected in the presence of compound as a percentage of that observed for cells infected in the absence of compound and subtracting such a determined value from
100. For compounds tested at concentrations less than 10 μM, the percent inhibition at 10 μM was determined by extrapolation using the XLfit curve fitting feature ofthe Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software. Curves were obtained from 10 data points (% inhibition determined at 10 concentrations of compound) by using a four parameter logistic model (XLfit model 205: y = A + ((B-A)/(l+((C/x)D))), where, A = minimum y, B = maximum y, C = logEC50, D = slope factor, and x and y are known data values. Extrapolations were performed with the A and B parameters unlocked.
Thus the compounds of this invention are all potent antiviral inhibitors based on this assay. Table 6
Figure imgf000339_0001
Intermediate 8 Example 1
Figure imgf000339_0002
The compounds ofthe present invention may be administered orally, parenterally (including subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques), by inhalation spray, or rectally, in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically- acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles.
Thus, in accordance with the present invention there is further provided a method of treating and a pharmaceutical composition for treating viral infections such as HIV infection and AIDS. The treatment involves administering to a patient in need of such treatment a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of the present invention. The pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of orally-administrable suspensions or tablets; nasal sprays, sterile injectable preparations, for example, as sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspensions or suppositories.
When administered orally as a suspension, these compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may contain microcrystalline cellulose for imparting bulk, alginic acid or sodium alginate as a suspending agent, methylcellulose as a viscosity enhancer, and sweetners/flavoring agents known in the art. As immediate release tablets, these compositions may contain microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, starch, magnesium stearate and lactose and/or other excipients, binders, extenders, disintegrants, diluents and lubricants known in the art.
The injectable solutions or suspensions may be formulated according to known art, using suitable non-toxic, parenterally-acceptable diluents or solvents, such as mannitol, 1,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution, or suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, such as sterile, bland, fixed oils, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid.
The compounds of this invention can be administered orally to humans in a dosage range of 1 to 100 mg/kg body weight in divided doses. One preferred dosage range is 1 to 10 mg/kg body weight orally in divided doses. Another preferred dosage range is 1 to 20 mg/kg body weight orally in divided doses. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular patient may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity ofthe specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity ofthe particular condition, and the host undergoing therapy.
Scheme 41a depicts methodology for converting a carboxylic acid to an alkynyl ketone. The alkynyl ketone intermediates can then be converted to pyrazoles or isoxazoles upon reaction with hydrazines or hydroxyl amines, respectively.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:
1. A compound of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
Figure imgf000341_0001
wherein:
Q is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure imgf000341_0002
R1, R2, R3, and R4, are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, COOR8, XR57, C(O)R57, C(O)NR55R56, B, D, and E with the proviso that at least one of R'-RΗs selected from B or E; wherein - - represents a carbon-carbon bond or does not exist;
m is 1 or 2;
R is hydrogen or (CH2)nR wherein n is 0-6
R is O or does not exist; A is selected from the group consisting of C1.6alkoxy, aryl and heteroaryl; in which said aryl is phenyl or napthyl; said heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoimidazolyl and benzothiazolyl; and said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or two ofthe same or different members selected from the group consisting of amino, nitro, cyano,
C-alkoxy, -C(O)NH2, C,.6alkyl, -NHC(O)CH3, halogen and trifluoromethyl;
-W- is
Figure imgf000342_0001
B is selected from the group consisting of-C(=NR46)(R47), C(O)NR40R41, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, S(O)qR8, P(O)(R8)q(OR8)2.q, P(S)(R8)q(OR8)2.q, C(O)R7, XR8, (C^alkylNR^R41, and ( alkylCOOR8; wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to three same or different substituents selected from the group F;
q is O, 1, or 2;
D is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3-7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, and (C2.6)alkynyl are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to three same or different substituents selected from the group F;
E is selected from the group consisting of (CU6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3-7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, and (C2.6)alkynyl are substituted with B;
F is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C^^alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, (C^thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR42C(O)-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)-(C3. 6)cycloalkyl5 -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR42S(O)2- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42S(O)2-aryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR42S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, -S(O)2 NR 2R43, phosphonyl, NR42R43, (C1.6)alkylC(O)NR42R43, C(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)NR42R43, OC(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)OR54, (C1.6)alkylNR42R43, COOR54 ,and (C^alkylCOOR54; wherein said (Cμ 6)alkyl, (C3_7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, (Cj.β)alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, ( ^thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, are optionally substituted with one to nine same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group G;
G is selected from the group consisting of (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C-alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, (C ^thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR48C(O)-(C!.6)alkyl, -NR48C(O)-(C3.
6)cycloalkyl, -NR48C(O)-aryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR4sC(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR48S(O)2-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR48S(O)2- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48S(O)2-aryl, -NR48S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR48S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, O-carboxy, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, phosphonyl, NR48R49, ( .
6)alkyl C(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)NR48R49, OC(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)OR54',
(C!.6)alkylNR48R49, COOR54, and ( alkylCOOR54;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to three same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2_ 6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C^^alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group F; R9, R10, R", R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, or (C-alkyl wherein each of said (C-alkyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens;
X is selected from the group consisting of NR5, O, and S;
R40 andR41 are independently selected from the group consisting of
(a) hydrogen; (b) (C].6)alkyl or (C3.7)cycloalkyl substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; and (c) (C-alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R40 andR41 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 5 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R40 andR41 may be hydrogen.
R42andR43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
(C,.6)alkyl, (Cj^alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heteroalicyclic; or R42 andR43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 5 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C,.6)alkyl,
(C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to nine same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group G;
R is selected from the group consisting of:
(1) H, (Cw)alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.6)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, halogen, CN, nitro, Ar, COOR50, COOAr, -CONRaRb, TR50, NRaRb, - NC(O)NRaRb, -OC(O)R50, -C[N(Ra)2] = N-T-Rb, YR50, -C(O)R50, -C(O)Ar, -S(O)Ra and -S(O)2Ra; provided when R44 is -S(O)Ra or -S(O)2Ra then Ra is not H; and (2) a 4-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted with R50, which may contain 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, SO, SO2, N, and NR52, wherein R52 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (CM)alkyl, (C2.4)alkenyl and (C2.4)alkynyl;
T is S or O;
Ar is phenyl or heteroaryl; wherein said phenyl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three ofthe same or different halogens, C 6 alkoxy, Cx.6 alkyl or amino;
Ra and Rb are each independently H, (C,.6)alkyl or phenyl;
R46 is selected from the group consisting of H, OR8, andNR40R41;
R47 is selected from the group consisting of H, amino, halogen, and (C-alkyl;
R48 andR49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C].6)alkyl, (Cj.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heteroalicyclic; or R48 andR49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 5 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2;
R50 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C,.6)alkyl, (C3-6)cycloalkyl, and benzyl; each of said alkyl, cycloalkyl and benzyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO2;
R51 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C-alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.6)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl and C(O)R53; wherein R53 is H, (C-alkyl, or (C3.6)cycloalkyl and each of said (C].6)alkyl and (C3.6)cycloalkyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO2;
Y is O, S or NR50R51;
R54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic; wherein said (Cj.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of amino, OH, CN and NO2;
R54' is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic; wherein said (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of amino, OH, CN andNO2;
R55 and R56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C].6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl and (C2.6)alkynyl; and
R57 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl and (C2.6)alkynyl; with the proviso that in the formulas above the carbon atoms which comprise the carbon-carbon double bond of any alkenyl or the carbon-carbon triple bond of said alkynyl are not the point of attachment to the oxygen,nitrogen, or sulfur to which it is said to be attached;
2. A compound of claim 1, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein,
Figure imgf000346_0001
wherein:
R1 is hydrogen;
R2 and R3, are each independently selected from the group (a)-(k) consisting of: (a) hydrogen,
(b) halogen,
(c) cyano,
(d) nitro, (e) amino,
(f) CMalkylamino,
(g) di(C1.2alkyl)amino, (h) hydroxy,
(i) C-alkyl optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, hydroxy, C-alkoxy, amino,
Figure imgf000347_0001
di
(CMalkylamino, cyano, G) C-alkoxy,
(k) heteroaryl, said heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, benzooxazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, lH-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl, lH-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazinyl, triazinyl and triazolyl, and said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with C,.6 alkyl groups (1) phenyl which is independently substituted with one to three same or different halogen, hydroxy, C].2alkoxy, amino, C [^alkylamino, di (C1 alkyl)amino, cyano,
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, COOR8, XR57, C(O)R57, C(O)NR55R56, B, D, and E with the proviso that when at least one of R2 or R3 is not either heteroaryl or substituted phenyl, then R4 is selected from B or E;
m is 2;
R5 is hydrogen;
R6 does not exist;
A is selected from the group consisting of C,.6alkoxy, aryl and heteroaryl; in which said aryl is phenyl or said heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzoimidazolyl and benzothiazolyl; and said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or two ofthe same or different amino,cyano, C 6alkoxy, C-alkyl, -NHC(O)CH3, halogen and trifluoromethyl;
B is selected from the group consisting of-C(=NR46)(R47), C(O)NR40R41, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, S(O)qR8, P(O)(R8)q(OR8)2.q, P(S)(R8)q(OR8)2.q, C(O)R8, XR8, (CM)alkylNR40R41, and ( alkylCOOR8 wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
q is 0, 1, or 2;
D is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3-7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein said (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, and (C2.6)alkynyl are optionally substituted with one to nine same or different halogens or from one to five same or different substituents selected from the group F;
E is selected from the group consisting of (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3-7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein said (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, and (C2.6)alkynyl are substituted with B;
F is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C-alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, (C^thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR42C(O)-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)-(C3. ^cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido,
Figure imgf000348_0001
-NR42S(O)2- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42S(O)2-aryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR42S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, -S(O)2 NR42R43, phosphonyl, NR42R43, (C!.6)alkylC(O)NR 2R43, C(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)NR42R43, OC(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)OR54', (C1.6)alkylNR42R43, COOR54 and (C,.6)alkylCOOR54 wherein said ( . 6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, (Cι_6)alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, (Cj.6)thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G; G is selected from the group consisting of (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C-alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heteroalicycloxy, thiohydroxy, (C,.6)thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, thioheteroaryloxy, thioheteroalicycloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, O- thiocarbamyl, N-thiocarbamyl, C-thioamido, -NR48C(O)-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR48C(O)-(C3. 6)cycloalkyl, -NR48C(O)-aryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR48S(O)2-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR48S(O)2- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48S(O)2-aryl, -NR48S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR48S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, -S(O)2 NR48R49, NR48R49, (C,.6)alkyl C(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)NR48R49, OC(O)NR 8R49, NHC(O)OR54, (C1.6)alkylNR48R49, COOR54, and ( alkylCOOR54;
R7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2_ 6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18, R19and R20 are each independently selected from hydrogen or C,.3alkyl being optionally substituted with one to three fluorines;
R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R2\ R29 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl, wherein each of said (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, amino and nitro;
X is selected from the group consisting of NR5, O, and S;
R40andR41 are independently selected from the group consisting of Hydrogen; or (C1.6)alkyl or (C3.7)cycloalkyl substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; or (Cι_6)alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R40andR41 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R40 and R41 may be hydrogen.
R42andR43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1.6)alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R42 and R43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C-alkyl, (C1.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl,
(C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
R is selected from the group consisting of -H
R, and R,, are each independently H, (C,.6)alkyl or phenyl;
R46 is selected from the group consisting of H, OR8, and NR40R41;
R47 is selected from the group consisting of H, amino, halogen, and (C-alkyl;
R48 andR49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1.6)alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, allyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R48 andR49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O)m, wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; R50 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C-alkyl, (C3-6)cycloalkyl, and benzyl, each of said alkyl, cycloalkyl and benzyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO2;
R51 is selected from the group consisting of H, (C-alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3_6)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl or C(O)R53, wherein R53 is H, (C-alkyl, or (C3.6)cycloalkyl and each of said (C-alkyl and (C3.6)cycloalkyl being optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogen, amino, OH, CN or NO2;
Y is O, S or NR 550UrR> 5- 1.
R54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, allyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56;
R54' is selected from the group consisting of (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, allyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said
(C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56;
R55 and R56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C 6)alkyl, allyl, or (C3.7)cycloalkyl; and
R57 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl, (C2.6)alkynyl.
3. A compound of claim 2, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and heteroaryl in which said heteroaryl is selected from pyridinyl, furanyl and thienyl, and said phenyl or said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to two ofthe same or different amino, C-alkyl, or halogen;
- - represents a carbon-carbon bond;
R9, R10, R", R12, R13, and R14 are each hydrogen; and
R15 and R16 are each independently hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that only one is methyl.
Q is either
Figure imgf000352_0001
and then R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and methoxy; and
R3 is hydrogen;
Or Q is:
Figure imgf000352_0002
and R2 is halogen or hydrogen and R3 is hydrogen;
R4 is selected from the group consisting of B or E;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41, substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, and C(O)R7 wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted and phenyl is substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; E is selected from the group consisting of (C2)alkenyl, or (C2)alkynyl, wherein (C2. 6)alkenyl or (C2)alkynyl are substituted with B;
F is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C1.6)alkoxy, (C^^thioalkoxy, cyano, halogen, carbonyl, benzyl, -NR 2C(O)-(C!.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR 2C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C!. 6)alkyl, -NR42S(O)2-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42S(O)2-aryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaryl, - NR42S(O)2-heteroalicyclic, -S(O)2 NR 2R43, NR42R43, (C1.6)alkylC(O)NR42R43, C(O)NR42R43, NHC(O)NR42R43, OC(O)NR42R43,
NHC(O)OR54', ( alkylNR^R43, COOR54 , and (C^alkylCOOR54 wherein said (C,. 6)alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, (C-alkoxy, are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
G is selected from the group consisting of (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C1.6)alkoxy, (C^thioalkoxy, thioaryloxy, cyano, halogen, nitro, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, benzyl, -NR 8C(O)-(C,.6)alkyl, - NR48C(O)-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR 8C(O)-aryl, -NR48C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR48C(O)- heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR48S(O)2-(C!.6)alkyl, -NR48S(O)2- (C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR48S(O)2-aryl, -NR48S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR 8S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, sulfonyl, -S(O)2 NR48R49, NR48R49, (C,.δ)alkyl C(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)NR48R49, OC(O)NR48R49, NHC(O)OR54', (C,.6)alkylNR48R49, COOR54, and (C,.6)alkylCOOR54';
R7 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or with from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, and (C3.7)cycloalkyl, wherein (C-alkyl, and (C3.7)cycloalkyl are optionally substituted with one to six same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
R40 and 41 are independently selected from the group consisting of Hydrogen; or (C-alkyl or (C3.7)cycloalkyl substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; or (C-alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R40 andR41 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F; with the proviso that only one of R40 andR41 may be hydrogen.
R42andR43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
Figure imgf000354_0001
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R42 and R43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, S(O)m. wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C,.6)alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl,
(C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
R44 is selected from the group consisting of -H
R48 andR49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C,.6)alkyl, ( ^alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R48 and R49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O)m> wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2;
R54 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C,.6)alkyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56; R54' is selected from the group consisting of (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic wherein said (C[.6)alkyl,
(C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group consisting of: amino, OH, and NR55R56; R55 and R56 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (Cj. 6)alkyl, or (C3.7)cycloalkyl
4. A compound of claim 3, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
R4 is selected from the group consisting of B;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR 0R41, substituted phenyl, or heteroaryl, wherein said phenyl is substituted and heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
F is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, (C3.6)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, hydroxy, (C,.6)alkoxy, (Cj.6)thioalkoxy, cyano, halogen, carbonyl, benzyl, -NR42C(O)-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroaryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C,. 6)alkyl, -NR42R43, C(O)NR42R43, COOR54 , and wherein said (C1.6)alkyl, (C3.
6)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, (C].6)alkoxy, are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
G is selected from the group consisting of (C1.6)alkyl, hydroxy, (CU6)alkoxy, halogen, -NR48C(O)-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR48C(O)-(C3)cycloalkyl, a cyclic N-amido, -NR4SS(O)2-(C1.6)alkyl, NR48R49, (C,.6)alkyl C(O)NR48R49, C(O)NR48R49, (C1.6)alkylNR48R49;
R40 is Hydrogen;
R41 is (C-alkoxy, heteroaryl, or aryl, wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;.
R42andR43 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C1.6)alkyl, (C1.6)alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic or R42 and R43 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected fromN, O, S(O)m, wherein m' is 0, 1, or 2; and wherein said (C,_6)alkyl, (C-alkoxy, (C3.7)cycloalkyl, (C2.6)alkenyl, (C3.7)cycloalkenyl,
(C2.6)alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclic are optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group G;
R48 andR49 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C-alkyl or R48 andR49 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heteroaryl ring or a heteroalicyclic ring which may contain up to two additional heteroatoms selected from N, or O;
5. A compound of claim 3, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Q is
Figure imgf000356_0001
A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
6. A compound of claim 4, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Q is
Figure imgf000357_0001
R4 is B;
A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
7. A compound of claim 5, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
B is heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
8. A compound of claim 6, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
B is heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
9. A compound of claim 3, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Q is
Figure imgf000357_0002
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and methoxy; R4 is B;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
10. A compound of claim 4, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Q is
Figure imgf000358_0001
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and methoxy;
R4 is B;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
11. A compound of claim 9, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl;
12. A compound of claim 10, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl;
13. A compound of claim 11 including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
B is -C(O)NR40R41;
14. A compound of claim 12 including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: B is -C(O)NR40R41
15. A compound of claim 11 including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: B is heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
16. A compound of claim 12 including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
B is heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
17. A compound of claim 3 in which:
R4 is B; and
F is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, hydroxy, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, methoxy, methylthioalkoxy, halogen, carbonyl, C(O)NR42R43, -NR42C(O)-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR4 C(O)- heteroaryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C1.6)alkyl, -NR42S(O)2-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42S(O)2-aryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR42S(O)2- heteroalicyclic, NR42R43, COOH;
18. A compound of claim 4 in which:
R4 is B; and
F is selected from the group consisting of (C-alkyl, hydroxy, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclic, methoxy, methylthioalkoxy, halogen, carbonyl, C(O)NR42R43, -NR42C(O)-(C,.6)alkyl, -NR42C(O)-(C3.δ)cycloalkyl, -NR42C(O)-aryl, -NR42C(O> heteroaryl, -NR42C(O)-heteroalicyclic, a cyclic N-amido, -NR42S(O)2-(C!.6)alkyl, -NR42S(O)2-(C3.6)cycloalkyl, -NR42S(O)2-aryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroaryl, -NR42S(O)2-heteroalicyclic, NR42R43, COOH;
19. A compound of claim 17 in which: A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl;
20. A compound of claim 18 in which: A is Phenyl or 2-pyridyl;
21. A compound of claim 3, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Q is
Figure imgf000360_0001
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or methoxy;
R3 is hydrogen;
R4 is B;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
22. A compound of claim 4, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
Q is
Figure imgf000360_0002
R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or methoxy; R3 is hydrogen; R4 is B;
B is selected from the group consisting of -C(O)NR40R41 or heteroaryl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
23. A compound of claim 11 wherein R2 is Fluoro;
24. A compound of claim 12 wherein R2 is Fluoro;
25. A compound of claim 11 wherein R2 is Methoxy;
26. A compound of claim 12 wherein R2 is Methoxy;
27. A compound of claim 11 wherein
B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
28. A compound of claim 12 wherein
B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
29. A compound of claim 5 wherein
B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
30. A compound of claim 6 wherein B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
31. A compound of claim 21 wherein
B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
32. A compound of claim 22 wherein B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
33. A compound of claim 9 wherein
B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
34. A compound of claim 10 wherein
B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or from one to two same or different substituents selected from the group F;
35. A compound of claim 8 wherein
B is is heteroaryl wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group ( - alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(CrC6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(CrC6 alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, - heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
36. A compound of claim 8 wherein B is -C(O)NH-heteroaryl wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (Cj-C6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -methoxy, -NHC(CrC6 alkyl), or -N(C,-C6 alkyl)2;
37. A compound of claim 16 wherein
B is is heteroaryl wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(CrC6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(CrC6 alkyl), -N(C,-C6 alkyl)2, - heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
38. A compound of claim 14 wherein
B is -C(O)NH-heteroaryl wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (C,-C6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -methoxy, -NHC(CrC6 alkyl), or -N(CrC6 alkyl)2;
39. A compound of claim 28 wherein
B is wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, - NHC(O)-(C,-C6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(C,-C6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(C1-C6 alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
40. A compound of claim 27 wherein
B is -C(O)NH-heteroaryl wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -methoxy, -NHC(CrC6 alkyl), or -N(CrC6 alkyl)2;
41. A compound of claim 6 wherein B is thienyl;
42. A compound of claim 40 wherein
B is thienyl which is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group ( - alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C1- C6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(C,-C6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(C,-C6 alkyl), -N(CrC5 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
43. A compound of claim 16 wherein B is thienyl;
44. A compound of claim 42 wherein
B is thienyl which is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(Cr C6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(C,-C6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(C,-C6 alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
45. A compound of claim 16 wherein B is thienyl;
46. A compound of claim 42 wherein B is thienyl which is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C C6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(C,-C6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(CrC6 alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
47. A compound of claim 28 wherein
B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (C,-C6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C,-C6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(C C6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(Cr C6 alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
48. A compound of claim 30 wherein B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (C,-C6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(CrC6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(Cr C6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC^- C6 alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
49. A compound of claim 32 wherein
B is selected from the group consisting of thiazole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, imidazole, furyl, thienyl, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, triazine, triazole, tetrazole, pyridyl, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one to three same or different halogens or a substituent selected from the group (CrC6 alkyl), amino, -NHC(O)-(C,-C6 alkyl), -NHS(O)2-(Cr C6 alkyl), methoxy, -C(O)-NH2, C(O)NHMe, C(O)NMe2, trifluoromethyl, -NHC(Cr C6 alkyl), -N(CrC6 alkyl)2, -heteroaryl, cyclic N-amido;
50. A compound of claim 3 which is depicted in Table 2;
51. A compound of claim 3 which is depicted in Table 3 ;
52. A compound of claim 3 which is depicted in Table 4
53. A compound of claim 3 which is depicted in Table 5
54. A pharmaceutical formulation which comprises an antiviral effective amount of a compound of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as claimed in any of claims 1-50, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
55. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 51 , useful for treating infection by HIV, which additionally comprises an antiviral effective amount of an AIDS treatment agent selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an AIDS antiviral agent;
(b) an anti-infective agent;
(c) an immunomodulator; and
(d) HIN entry inhibitors.
56. A method for treating mammals infected with a virus, comprising administering to said mammal an antiviral effective amount of a compound of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as claimed in any of claims 1-50.
57. The method of claim 53, comprising administering to said mammal an antiviral effective amount of a compound of Formula I in combination with an antiviral effective amount of an AIDS treatment agent selected from the group consisting of: an AIDS antiviral agent; an anti-infective agent; an immunomodulator; and HIN entry inhibitors.
58. The method of claim 54 wherein the virus is HIN.
59. The method of claim 53 wherein the virus is HIN.
PCT/US2002/000455 2001-02-02 2002-01-02 Composition and antiviral activity of substituted azaindoleoxoacetic piperazine derivatives WO2002062423A1 (en)

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PL02364279A PL364279A1 (en) 2001-02-02 2002-01-02 Composition and antiviral activity of substituted azaindoleoxoacetic piperazine derivatives
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CA2437524A CA2437524C (en) 2001-02-02 2002-01-02 Composition and antiviral activity of substituted azaindoleoxoacetic piperazine derivatives
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NO20033436A NO326510B1 (en) 2001-02-02 2003-08-01 Azaindole piperazine diamide derivatives as well as their use and pharmaceutical formulation
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