WO2002012436A2 - Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding - Google Patents
Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002012436A2 WO2002012436A2 PCT/US2001/024157 US0124157W WO0212436A2 WO 2002012436 A2 WO2002012436 A2 WO 2002012436A2 US 0124157 W US0124157 W US 0124157W WO 0212436 A2 WO0212436 A2 WO 0212436A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- nutrient composition
- bird
- hatch
- ovo
- enteric
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K45/00—Other aviculture appliances, e.g. devices for determining whether a bird is about to lay
- A01K45/007—Injecting or otherwise treating hatching eggs
Definitions
- the present invention concerns methods for enhancing the development of oviparous species such as birds, reptiles and fish by the in ovo administration of nutrients, enteric modulators, or both.
- the hatchling must switch from a yolk nutrient-based diet (mainly fats) to a solid feed diet (mainly carbohydrates and proteins).
- Birds hatch with an immature gastrointestinal tract — indeed, with the yolk sac still attached. After hatch the gastrointestinal tract undergoes rapid morphological, biochemical and cellular development in order to assimilate ingested nutrients.
- the intestine Since the intestine is instrumental in supplying the precursors for growth, its development plays an important role in the animal's ultimate ability to grow,gain weight, utilize dietary nutrients, and resist enteric disease pathogens.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method of facilitating the enteric development and/or growth of birds, including both food and non-food animals such as endangered species, after hatch.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a method of facilitating the growth of an animal such as a bird after hatch, comprising feeding to an animal in ovo (preferably by administration into the amnioic fluid), a nutrient composition in an amount effective to facilitate the growth of said bird after hatch.
- the nutrient composition preferably comprises at least one nutrient selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, and amino acids, and may also include minerals, vitamins, and other nutriceuticals.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a method of facilitating the growth of an animal such as a bird after hatch, comprising administering to the animal in ovo an enteric modulator in an amount effective to facilitate the enteric , development before hatch and/or growth of the animal after hatch.
- a third aspect of the present invention is a method of facilitating the growth of a bird after hatch, comprising concurrently administering to a bird in ovo (i) a nutrient composition and (ii) an enteric modulator.
- the nutrient composition and the enteric modulator are together administered in an amount effective to facilitate the enteric development before hatch and/or growth of the bird after hatch, and preferably to synergistically facilitate the growth of the bird after hatch.
- the nutrient composition is preferably administered by feeding, and the nutrient composition preferably comprises at least one nutrient selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, and amino acids, and may also include minerals, vitamins, and nutriceuticals.
- Examples of substances which have been introduced into embryonated poultry eggs via in ovo injection include live culture vaccines, antibiotics, vitamins, and competitive exclusion media (e.g., a live replicating organism) (see generally U.S. Patent No. 6,244,214 to Hebrank).
- live culture vaccines antibiotics
- vitamins e.g., a live replicating organism
- competitive exclusion media e.g., a live replicating organism
- Specific examples of treatment substances are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,458,630 to Sharma et al, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,028,421 to. Fredericksen et al. See also U.S. Pat. No. 4,458,630 to Sharma et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,681,063 to Hebrank, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,158,038 to Sheeks et al.
- ovo feeding involves the administration into the embryonic amnion a solution or suspension of nutrients together with other natural compounds that modulate enteric development to improve the hatchling' s nutritional status during the transition from embryonic nutrition to diet digestive competence.
- Optimal - nutritional status during this critical period is crucial for the development of the digestive, skeletal, muscular, and immune systems, and it helps normalize homeostatic hormone status so important to sustain balanced metabolism.
- the novel aspect of this technology is the in ovo delivery of nutrients and enteric modulators into the amnion of the embryo during the last quarter of embryonic development.
- the in ovo administered feeding solution/suspension is ingested by the embryo and is presented to enteric tissues, such as enterocytes and other cells of the gut mucosal membrane.
- enteric tissues such as enterocytes and other cells of the gut mucosal membrane.
- the in ovo feeding techniques of the present invention serve to enhance the enteric development of late term embryos and hatchlings, and improves the body weights (and preferably the survival rates and disease resistance) of hatchlings, both at the time of hatch and after a period of time after hatch (e.g., two or three weeks).
- a further aspect of the present invention is the use of a nutrient and the use of an enteric modulator (either separately or in combination) for the preparation of a composition for the in ovo feeding of an animal subject as described herein.
- an enteric modulator either separately or in combination
- HMB in ovo injection
- micrograms HMB in 0.1 ml saline solution at 24 days of incubation on the hatchability rate (percent hatch) of commercial turkey poults.
- Figure 2 shows the effect of the amount of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) in ovo injection (micrograms HMB in 0.1 ml saline solution) at 24 days of incubation on the liver glycogen concentration of commercial turkey poults.
- HMB beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
- Figure 3 shows the effect of the amount of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrat'e (HMB) in ovo injection (micrograms HMB in 0.1 ml saline solution) at 24 days of incubation on the plasma glucose concentration of commercial turkey poults.
- HMB beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrat'e
- Figure 4 shows the effect of in ovo feeding solution osmolarity (mOsm) on hatchability of chicks.
- Animals which may be treated by the methods of the present invention are, in general, (non-mammalian) oviparous species such as birds, or cold-blooded animals such as reptiles, amphibians, and fish.
- the treatment of birds is currently preferred. Any species of bird may be treated by the methods of the present invention, including but not limited to chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quail, pheasant, and ostrich.
- the invention may also be used in conjunction with the raising of endangered species such as the whooping crane to assist in efforts to preserve those species.
- In ovo feeding refers to the administration of compounds into the embryonic amnion, which is subsequently consumed by the embryo by oral means and thus comes in contact with tissues of the digestive tract.
- Concurrently administering refers to the administration of two separate compounds or compositions in close temporal proximity to one another (for example, simultaneously or sequentially). Concurrent administration may optionally be carried out by administering the two compounds or compositions togefher in a common carrier (e.g., by adding an enteric modulator to a food composition).
- “Synergistically” as used herein means that the combined effect of two separate active agents (e.g., a nutrient composition and an enteric modulator) is greater than that which would be expected from the sum of the two agents when administered separately.
- two separate active agents e.g., a nutrient composition and an enteric modulator
- “Growth” as used herein refers to at least one of enhanced or increased weight gain after hatch, larger hatchlings at time of hatch, improved efficiency of feed (food) utilization after hatch, reduced days to market (consumption) size (i.e., a predetermined size), etc., all as compared to animals that have not received in ovo administration of the nutrient composition and/or enteric modulator.
- enteric modulator refers to a compound that stimulates the development and/or metabolism of a cell of the digestive system, such cells including but not limited to enterocytes, goblet cells, intestinal lymphocytes, etc.
- suitable enteric modulators include, but are not limited to, ⁇ -hydroxy- ⁇ - methylbutyrate (HMB), organic zinc complexes (Zn-amino acid complex, Zn- proteinate, Zn-chelates with a carbohydrate or protein or organic acid), lectins (Concanavolin A, Poke Weed Mitogen, Wheat Gluten Antigen, bean lectins, or lectins from microbial sources), glutamine or glutamate, arginine, camitine, creatine, vitamins A, D, or E, betaine, choline, lethithin, S-adenosylmethionine, tyrosine and its metabolic derivatives (e.g.
- HMB Beta-hydroxy- beta-methylbutyrate
- HMB may be administered to the eggs in any suitable amount, such as (for chicken and turkey eggs) 0.01, 0.05 or 0.1 to 1, 2, 3 or 5 micrograms per egg.
- Nutrient refers to essential nutrients that are necessary for the growth of an animal to which they are fed. Nutrients include ( ⁇ ) proteins and protein fragments (e.g., peptides and amino acids such as lysine), (b) carbohydrates (sugars including monosaccharides, starches, dextrin, dextrose, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides), (c) lipids, etc.
- Nutrient composition refers to a food composition comprising at least one nutrient, and preferably containing at least one, or both, of (a) at least one protein or protein fragment and (b) at least one carbohydrate.
- the total caloric composition of the nutrient composition will depend upon the particular species being treated, but will typically be at least about one-tenth, one, five, or ten calories up to twenty, forty, 100 or 200 calories, or more.
- the total caloric composition of the nutrient composition will be from about one-half or one to twenty or forty calories. Since the average caloric content of a chicken egg is about 70 calories, the in ovo feeding solution may supplement an additional one-half percent or 1% to 10% calories to the total egg.
- the composition may be in any form including liquids, solids, and combinations thereof, examples including but not limited to solutions, emulsions, suspensions, etc.
- the nutrient composition preferably includes at least one protein, peptide or amino acid, and/or preferably includes at least one monosaccharide or polysaccharide (i.e., a carbohydrate).
- at least about one tenth of the total calories are contributed from monosaccharides and/or polysaccharides, and/or protein, and/or amino acids in the composition. It is particularly preferred that the composition contain at least one carbohydrate.
- the osmotic pressure of the composition is preferably not greater than about 800 millisomoles (mOsm), and is preferably from about 50, 100, 200 or 300 to about 600 or 700 milliosmoles.
- the present invention may be practiced with any type of egg, including chicken, turkey, duck, goose, quail, pheasant, and ostrich eggs.
- Chicken and turkey eggs (including meat-type chicken eggs) are most preferred.
- Eggs treated by the methods of the invention are fertile eggs, which are preferably in the fourth quarter of incubation.
- Chicken eggs may be treated on about the fifteenth to nineteenth day of incubation, and are most preferably treated on about the seventeenth or eighteenth day of incubation.
- Turkey eggs are preferably treated on about the twentieth to twenty sixth day of incubation, and are more preferably treated on about the twenty-second, twenty-third, or twenty-fourth day of incubation.
- the site of injection or administration of the nutrient composition and/or enteric modulator may be in the air cell or in the region defined by the amnion, including the amniotic fluid, the embryo itself and the yolk sac.
- the nutrient composition is preferably administered into the amniotic fluid which can then be orally ingested by the bird, into the air cell where the composition can be orally ingested upon internal piping (or by diffusion across the air cell membrane), by direct injection into the yolk sac, etc.
- the nutrient composition is preferably deposited in the amniotic fluid; in another embodiment the enteric modulator is preferably deposited in the air cell.
- the location of administration of the nutrient composition and/or enteric modulator may be the same or different.
- the mechanism of administration is not critical, but it is preferred that the method not unduly damage the tissues and organs of the embryo so that the treatment will not significantly decrease hatchability and hatch rate.
- a syringe fitted with a needle of about no. 22 gauge is suitable for the purpose.
- To inject into the amnion fluid the needle must be inserted into the egg.
- a pilot hole may optionally be punched or drilled through the shell prior to insertion of the needle to prevent damaging or dulling of the needle.
- the egg can be sealed with a sealing material such as wax or the like to prevent subsequent entry of undesirable bacteria.
- eggs are incubated to hatch.
- the live animals are then fed a suitable feed composition and grown as desired, typically for at least a period of one to two weeks, depending upon the particular species and the end use of the species.
- Enhanced growth after hatch resulting from the administration of the nutrient composition and/or enteric modulator is observed in the overall population of animals produced.
- compositions and the use of such compositions for the in ovo feeding of an animal subject as described herein.
- Such compositions may be prepared by combining one or more nutrients as described above, in the amounts described above, and/or by combining an enteric modulator as described herein, in a suitable carrier such as water for injection.
- the compositions preferably have the osmotic pressures described above.
- the compositions are sterile.
- the compositions may be prepared in unit dosage form or in batch form for injection with a suitable injection apparatus as described herein.
- HMB Calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
- Hatch rate of the control treatment (0 micrograms HMB) was characteristically low for late season layed turkey eggs subjected to 3 weeks storage prior to setting in the incubator. However, when 0.1 and 1.0 micrograms of HMB was injected into the eggs at 24 days of incubation, hatchability rate increased from 72.3% to 81.6%. As the level of HMB injected increased above 1.0 micrograms, hatchability rate decreased. There was a significant quadratic dose response (P ⁇ 05) as the level of HMB injected in ovo icnreased.
- FIG. 2 The effect of HMB dosage injected in ovo on liver glycogen content in turkey poults, is illustrated by Figure 2.
- Liver glycogen content was increased by about 40% in all HMB dosage levels as compared with the control treatment.
- Figure 3 illustrates that plasma glucose concentration was significantly increased only by the 0.1 microgram HMB dosage. All the other HMB dosage levels had no significant effect on plasma glucose as compared with the control treatment.
- These results indicate that the 0.1 microgram dosage level of HMB may not be the lowest functional dose to affect plasma glucose levels of poults.
- in ovo injection of 0.1 to 1.0 micrograms of HMB into 24 day old turkey embryos significantly increases hatching rate, apparently due to an improvement in liver glycogen reserves.
- Table 3 Effect of in ovo feeding of sugars on embryo's and hatchling's weight.
- Table 4 Effect of in ovo feeding of sugars on the morphological development of the small intestine of chick embr os.
- Table 2 shows that the effect of the in ovo feeding treatment on egg hatchability was negligible.
- Table 3 shows that in ovo feeding had no effect on total egg weight, but it resulted in a significant increase in embryo weight at days 20 and 21 of embryonic development by 3.8% and 5.8%, respectively.
- Table 4 illustrates the positive effect of in ovo feeding at 18 days of incubation on embryonic enteric development. Two days following in ovo feeding, small intestine diameter was increased by 17.7% and enteric villi height increased by 47.1%.
- Table 5 shows a significant difference in weight between control chicks and in ovo fed chicks at day of hatch and at days 3, 7 10 and 35 after hatch. In ovo-fed birds sustained 3% to 8% higher body weights after hatch that controls.
- Table 6 illustrates that in ovo feeding a solution containing primarily a complex carbohydtate in the form of dextrin significantly increased body weights of birds by 3% to 5% through to 25 days of age in comparison to controls.
- Table 7 illustrates that in ovo feeding a solution containing carbohydtates and protein in a proportion similar to a typical chick diet significantly increased body weights of birds by 3%> to 5% in comparison to controls.
- Table 8 Effect of in ovo feeding of protein on turkey weights.
- Table 8 illustrates that in ovo feeding a solution containing protein significantly increased body weights of birds by 4% to 8% in comparison to controls.
- Table 9 illustrates that in ovo feeding a solution containing carbohydrates and protein in a proportion similar to a typical chick diet plus the enteric modulator, HMB, significantly increased body weights of birds by 3% to 8% in comparison to controls. Inclusion of HMB in the in ovo feeding solution enhances the development of enteric tissues in the presence of nutrients.
- Table 10 illustrates that in ovo feeding a solution containing protein plus the enteric modulator, HMB, significantly increased body weights of birds by 4% to 6% in comparison to controls. Inclusion of HMB improved the response of turkeys to in ovo-fed protein, possibly by enhancing enteric tissue development. Other enteric modulators are expected to have a similar response.
- EXAMPLE 8 Preparation and Administration of a Feeding Solution Containing Carbohydrates, Protein, and HBM to Broilers and Turkeys An injection solution including sugars and containing (by weight) 5% maltose,
- Table 11 shows that in ovo feed treatment significantly improved hatachability of both chickens and turkeys.
- Figure 4 illustrates the importance on the osmolarity of the in ovo feeding solution on hatchability of chicks. Acceptable hatchability of chicks was observed when eggs were injected with solutions having an osmolarity ranging below 800 mOsm with an optimum hatchability observed at about 400 to 600 mOsm.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0112913-9A BR0112913A (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2001-07-31 | increased development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding |
IL15426601A IL154266A0 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2001-07-31 | Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding |
AU2001279129A AU2001279129A1 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2001-07-31 | Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding |
EP01957376.5A EP1307230B1 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2001-07-31 | Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US22274400P | 2000-08-03 | 2000-08-03 | |
US60/222,744 | 2000-08-03 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002012436A2 true WO2002012436A2 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
WO2002012436A3 WO2002012436A3 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
Family
ID=22833493
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/024157 WO2002012436A2 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2001-07-31 | Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6592878B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1307230B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100475266C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001279129A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0112913A (en) |
IL (1) | IL154266A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002012436A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002080900A1 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-17 | Lonza Ag | Method for improving the well-being of poultry by in-ovo injection of carnitine |
US8734837B2 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2014-05-27 | North Carolina State University | Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding of enteric modulators |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2689815B1 (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1996-05-15 | Rollin Sa | ENDLESS BAND-SHAPED ELEMENT IN PARTICULAR PRINTING BLANCHET |
US6938575B1 (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 2005-09-06 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Method for treating hatching eggs and method for hatching eggs |
US20050215640A1 (en) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-09-29 | Baxter Jeffrey H | HMB compositions and uses thereof |
US20060196428A1 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-07 | Correa Rafael S | Method for improving chick hatchability |
ES2548432T3 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2015-10-16 | Abbott Laboratories | Use of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate to modulate the imbalance in the production of type 1 and type 2 cytokines |
EP2004220B1 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2015-07-01 | Embrex Inc. | Methods and compositions for vaccination of poultry |
EP2461704B1 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2013-10-09 | Abbott Laboratories | Aseptically packaged nutritional liquids comprising hmb |
US9241508B2 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2016-01-26 | Abbott Laboratories | Nutritional emulsions comprising calcium HMB |
US9693577B2 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2017-07-04 | Abbott Laboratories | Method of preparing a nutritional powder comprising spray dried HMB |
TWI526161B (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2016-03-21 | 亞培公司 | Substantially clear nutritional liquids comprising calcium hmb and soluble protein |
US20130116174A1 (en) * | 2010-07-11 | 2013-05-09 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Compositions and methods for increasing poultry hatchability and early performance |
CN103338658A (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2013-10-02 | 雅培制药有限公司 | Nutritional products comprising calcium beta-hydroxy-beta methylbutyrate and conjugated linoleic acid |
CN109843078A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2019-06-04 | 百士立丰有限公司 | For providing the method consumed with digestible water source that will not dry out under heating |
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2001
- 2001-07-31 AU AU2001279129A patent/AU2001279129A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-31 BR BRPI0112913-9A patent/BR0112913A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-31 CN CNB018138578A patent/CN100475266C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-31 IL IL15426601A patent/IL154266A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-31 US US09/919,386 patent/US6592878B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-31 WO PCT/US2001/024157 patent/WO2002012436A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-07-31 EP EP01957376.5A patent/EP1307230B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8734837B2 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2014-05-27 | North Carolina State University | Enhancement of development of oviparous species by in ovo feeding of enteric modulators |
WO2002080900A1 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-17 | Lonza Ag | Method for improving the well-being of poultry by in-ovo injection of carnitine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1307230A4 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
US6592878B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
EP1307230A2 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
IL154266A0 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
WO2002012436A3 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
CN100475266C (en) | 2009-04-08 |
AU2001279129A1 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
BR0112913A (en) | 2006-02-21 |
EP1307230B1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
US20020035965A1 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
CN1446107A (en) | 2003-10-01 |
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