WO2001096757A1 - Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions - Google Patents
Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001096757A1 WO2001096757A1 PCT/NL2001/000443 NL0100443W WO0196757A1 WO 2001096757 A1 WO2001096757 A1 WO 2001096757A1 NL 0100443 W NL0100443 W NL 0100443W WO 0196757 A1 WO0196757 A1 WO 0196757A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- lubricant
- recesses
- bearing according
- meniscus
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
- F16C33/6603—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
- F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
- F16C33/664—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing
- F16C33/6651—Retaining the liquid in or near the bearing in recesses or cavities provided in retainers, races or rolling elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/42—Groove sizes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49639—Fluid bearing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
- Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49702—Lubricating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49707—Bearing surface treatment
Definitions
- the invention is related to a rolling element bearing which operates under starved lubrication conditions.
- not enough lubricant is available in the inlet side of the contact for entrainment such that a lubricant film of sufficient thickness in the contact areas defined by the contacts between the rolling elements and the rings is formed.
- the film thickness between rings and rolling elements is determined by the geometry of the contacts, the lubricant properties, such as viscosity, and the entraining velocity.
- the quantity of lubricant also plays a role.
- the lubricant film thickness in the contact areas may become so small that the surfaces, or surface asperities, of the rolling elements and the rings will touch.
- the life of the bearing is reduced by adhesive wear or surface distress.
- the reduction of film thickness can also lead to a reduction of life caused by contamination. Larger particles can no longer freely pass the contact but will cause dents which may reduce bearing life again.
- Starved lubrication conditions may result from several reasons. For instance, the amount of lubricant in the bearing may simply be too small. Starved lubrication conditions may also occur due to a lack of proper re-flow. A roller overtoiling a running track in a bearing causes the lubricant to partially flow out of the running track. If the speed of the following roller is large, or the viscosity of the lubricant is high, there is no time for the lubricant to flow back into the running track. The remaining amount of lubricant for this roller is then too small, which means that this roller cannot form a film of the required thickness.
- the object of the invention is to provide a solution to this problem, in such a way that, even under starved lubrication conditions, the bearing still may have an acceptable life.
- This object is achieved by means of a rolling element bearing, comprising an inner ring and an outer ring which are each provided with a raceway, and a series of rolling elements which are in contact with the raceways of each ring, a lubricant film being provided in the contacts between the rolling elements and the raceways, said lubricant film at the inlet side of each contact forming a lubricant meniscus, said lubricant meniscus being defined as the transition from the non-lubricated phase to the lubricant phase, wherein starved lubrication conditions prevail, the surface of said each rolling element having minute recesses filled with a lubricant quantity, said recesses being flattened in the contact area defined by the contact between the rolling elements and the ring and thereby releasing lubricant at the inlet side of each contact resulting in a displacement of
- a rolling element bearing having balls with minute recesses are known per se. However, it was not recognised that such rolling element bearings do behave better under starved lubrication conditions. According to the invention therefore, a rolling element bearing is provided having minute surface recesses in combination with starved lubrication conditions, that is a lubrication film thickness which usually, in the case of non-recessed surfaces, would be too small to separate the contact surfaces fully.
- starved lubrication conditions too little lubricant may be available in the contacts between the rings and the rolling elements for obtaining an adequate separation of the surfaces thereof.
- Such starved lubrication conditions can be defined by using the pressure gradient at the position of the meniscus.
- a fully flooded contact is obtained, which is characterized by a zero pressure gradient at the starting point of the pressure build-up.
- this pressure gradient is non-zero. Insufficient lubricant is available to obtain a meniscus located at the required distance from the contact.
- the lubricant content defined between the meniscus and the adjoining surfaces of the rolling elements and the ring is not sufficient to obtain adequate separation thereof at the location of the contact.
- Another way to define starvation is considering the filled fraction content which is defined as the ratio of lubricant film thickness and the gap.
- the meniscus is then defined as the point where the film thickness deviates from the gap. When this point is close to the Hertzian contact then the contact is referred to as starved.
- this oil content is supplied by minute additional amounts of oil emanating from the surface recesses which are flattened somewhat under load at the contact. These minute amounts then move the meniscus away from the contact as addressed before, which results in a better separation of the contact surfaces under starved conditions.
- the recesses can have any suitable shape, and can be arranged according to any suitable pattern.
- the improved lubrication effect under starved lubrication conditions is obtained in case the recesses contain an amount of lubricant.
- the surface energy of the recesses is different from the surface energy of the regions surrounding the pits.
- the surface of the rolling elements is coated and the recesses are uncoated.
- the coating is a diamond like carbon coating
- the pits comprise steel material.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the film thickness and pressure in a single contact under sufficient lubricant conditions, in a cross-section perpendicular to the axis of a bearing.
- Figure 2 shows this film thickness and pressure under starved lubrication conditions.
- Figure 3 shows an aggregation of figures 1 and 2.
- Figure 4 shows the film thickness for sufficient lubricant conditions, in a cross- section perpendicular to the raceway.
- Figure 5 shows this film thickness for starved lubrication conditions.
- H denotes the gap between the contacting surfaces. In case of fully flooded conditions this corresponds to the film thickness. In case of starved condition this corresponds to the film thickness in the pressurised region.
- the dashed line is related to the lubricant film thickness in the contact between a rolling element and the raceway for a non-recessed rolling element. At the contact, the real thickness of the lubricant layer amounts to about 0J4 micrometer.
- the thickness of the lubricant layer inside of the contact is hardly influenced by the presence of the pit.
- the results of figure 2 show that in the case of starved lubrication conditions the thickness of the lubricant layer at the contact is drastically decreased.
- the thickness is about 0,036 micrometer, which usually is too small to fully separate the surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway from each other. Thus, the surface asperities touch each other, leading to a reduced bearing life.
- the thickness of the lubricant layer of the contact is however considerably larger, despite the generally starved lubrication conditions of the bearing as a whole.
- This favourable effect is caused by the delivery of oil from the pit into the oil content which is present in front of the rolling element or, in other words, upstream thereof.
- This oil content is delimited by the surfaces of the rolling element, the raceway and a meniscus.
- Figure 4 and 5 show the film thickness in a cross section perpendicular to the raceway for fully flooded conditions and for starved lubrication conditions.
- the upstream film thickness in the starved case is better in the case of a recessed rolling element surface compared to a smooth rolling element surface.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002510848A JP2004503728A (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2001-06-12 | Rolling element bearing with insufficient lubricant |
KR1020027017056A KR100808523B1 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2001-06-12 | Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions |
US10/297,832 US7264399B2 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2001-06-12 | Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions |
DE60124096T DE60124096T2 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2001-06-12 | WHEEL BEARINGS WITH LOW LUBRICATION |
AU2001274668A AU2001274668A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2001-06-12 | Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions |
EP01941308A EP1290352B1 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2001-06-12 | Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions |
US11/256,104 US7275319B2 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2005-10-24 | Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1015429A NL1015429C2 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2000-06-14 | Rolling bearing in which the lubricant condition is exhausted. |
NL1015429 | 2000-06-14 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10297832 A-371-Of-International | 2001-06-12 | ||
US11/256,104 Continuation US7275319B2 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2005-10-24 | Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001096757A1 true WO2001096757A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
Family
ID=19771535
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL2001/000443 WO2001096757A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2001-06-12 | Rolling element bearing having starved lubrication conditions |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7264399B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1290352B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004503728A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100808523B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1273754C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001274668A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60124096T2 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1015429C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001096757A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1024322C2 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-03-21 | Skf Ab | Bearing with reduced backflow. |
US8145568B2 (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2012-03-27 | Firethorn Mobile, Inc. | Methods and systems for indicating a payment in a mobile environment |
DE102007060621A1 (en) | 2007-12-15 | 2009-06-25 | Schaeffler Kg | Hollow roller body for roller bearing, has connectors accommodate lubricant and fill cavities, and cavities closed on both sides by connectors, where lubricant content of cavities is delivered into roller bearing |
CN103180421B (en) | 2010-10-25 | 2015-07-22 | Skf公司 | Dry lubricant containing fibers and method of using the same |
DE102011079959A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-31 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Bearing part e.g. cylindrical rolling element, for rolling bearing, has recesses comprising elliptic outline contour, where prolonged shaft section of outline contour is aligned transverse to rolling direction |
CN103174924A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | 西安奥奈特固体润滑工程学研究有限公司 | Composite solid lubrication latent-type lubrication method |
CN102518924A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-06-27 | 西安奥奈特固体润滑工程学研究有限公司 | Composite latent lubricating method for solid lubrication |
CN103174925A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | 西安奥奈特固体润滑工程学研究有限公司 | Composite solid lubrication latent-type lubrication method |
CN103174923A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | 西安奥奈特固体润滑工程学研究有限公司 | Composite solid lubrication latent-type lubrication method |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5397188A (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1995-03-14 | Ntn Corporation | Rolling member |
NL1000027C1 (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-07 | Chin Sung Ou | Oil film deposit bearing |
US5642947A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-07-01 | Ntn Corporation | Balls for ball bearing |
JPH09196070A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1997-07-29 | Yaskawa Electric Corp | Cross roller bearing |
JPH10110733A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Ntn Corp | Tapered roller bearing |
WO1999013235A1 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 1999-03-18 | Skf Engineering & Research Centre B.V. | Rolling element bearing with improved rolling contact surfaces |
US5967672A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1999-10-19 | Ntn Corporation | Machine parts making rolling or sliding surfaces formed with discontinuous grooves |
JP2000205284A (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-07-25 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | Rolling/sliding component |
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US3835354A (en) * | 1972-09-06 | 1974-09-10 | Pena E Torres | Furniture and room partition components |
US5067826A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1991-11-26 | Lemelson Jerome H | Ball and roller bearings and bearing components |
JP2508178B2 (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1996-06-19 | 日本精工株式会社 | Rolling bearing and manufacturing method thereof |
GB2219359B (en) * | 1988-05-30 | 1992-11-04 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | Roller elements for machine parts such as roller bearings. |
JP2951444B2 (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1999-09-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Contact type magnetic recording method and device |
US5460564A (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1995-10-24 | Easthill Group, Inc. | Sandblasting cabinet assembly |
JPH06173944A (en) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-06-21 | Ebara Corp | Gas dynamic pressure bearing |
JPH07103246A (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-18 | Ntn Corp | Rolling or sliding machine parts |
US5498086A (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 1996-03-12 | Ou; Chin-Sung | Oil film-deposit bearing |
JPH10227313A (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 1998-08-25 | Nippon Seiko Kk | Rolling bearing |
JP4031543B2 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 2008-01-09 | 日本精工株式会社 | Rolling bearing |
NL1007046C2 (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-17 | Skf Ind Trading & Dev | Coated rolling bearing. |
-
2000
- 2000-06-14 NL NL1015429A patent/NL1015429C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-06-12 KR KR1020027017056A patent/KR100808523B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-12 JP JP2002510848A patent/JP2004503728A/en active Pending
- 2001-06-12 US US10/297,832 patent/US7264399B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-12 WO PCT/NL2001/000443 patent/WO2001096757A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-12 EP EP01941308A patent/EP1290352B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-12 CN CNB018111866A patent/CN1273754C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-12 DE DE60124096T patent/DE60124096T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-12 AU AU2001274668A patent/AU2001274668A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-10-24 US US11/256,104 patent/US7275319B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5397188A (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1995-03-14 | Ntn Corporation | Rolling member |
US5642947A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1997-07-01 | Ntn Corporation | Balls for ball bearing |
NL1000027C1 (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-07 | Chin Sung Ou | Oil film deposit bearing |
JPH09196070A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1997-07-29 | Yaskawa Electric Corp | Cross roller bearing |
US5967672A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1999-10-19 | Ntn Corporation | Machine parts making rolling or sliding surfaces formed with discontinuous grooves |
JPH10110733A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Ntn Corp | Tapered roller bearing |
WO1999013235A1 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 1999-03-18 | Skf Engineering & Research Centre B.V. | Rolling element bearing with improved rolling contact surfaces |
JP2000205284A (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-07-25 | Koyo Seiko Co Ltd | Rolling/sliding component |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 11 28 November 1997 (1997-11-28) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1998, no. 09 31 July 1998 (1998-07-31) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 10 17 November 2000 (2000-11-17) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1290352A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
KR100808523B1 (en) | 2008-03-03 |
CN1436285A (en) | 2003-08-13 |
CN1273754C (en) | 2006-09-06 |
EP1290352B1 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
US7264399B2 (en) | 2007-09-04 |
NL1015429C2 (en) | 2001-12-17 |
US20040022472A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
AU2001274668A1 (en) | 2001-12-24 |
US7275319B2 (en) | 2007-10-02 |
KR20030026247A (en) | 2003-03-31 |
DE60124096T2 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
JP2004503728A (en) | 2004-02-05 |
DE60124096D1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
US20060037196A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
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