WO2001086254A2 - Viscosimeter with parallel channels separated by membrane - Google Patents

Viscosimeter with parallel channels separated by membrane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001086254A2
WO2001086254A2 PCT/NL2001/000365 NL0100365W WO0186254A2 WO 2001086254 A2 WO2001086254 A2 WO 2001086254A2 NL 0100365 W NL0100365 W NL 0100365W WO 0186254 A2 WO0186254 A2 WO 0186254A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
plane
membrane
thickness
trajectory
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2001/000365
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2001086254A3 (en
Inventor
Emil Chmela
Marko Theodoor Blom
Franciscus Hermanus Johannes Van Der Heyden
Albert Van Den Berg
Johannes Gerardus Elisabeth Gardeniers
Robert Tijssen
Original Assignee
Stichting Voor De Technische Wetenschappen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stichting Voor De Technische Wetenschappen filed Critical Stichting Voor De Technische Wetenschappen
Priority to AU58923/01A priority Critical patent/AU5892301A/en
Publication of WO2001086254A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001086254A2/en
Publication of WO2001086254A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001086254A3/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
    • G01N11/04—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture
    • G01N11/08—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material through a restricted passage, e.g. tube, aperture by measuring pressure required to produce a known flow

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device suitable for measuring the viscosity of a fluid, which device comprises a first, on all sides surrounded channel, com- prising a first channel segment (a) having an inlet opening at a_proximal side, and a second channel segment (b) having an outlet opening at a distal side, a second, on all sides surrounded channel, comprising a first channel segment (c) having an inlet open- ing at a proximal side, and a second channel segment (d) having an outlet opening at a distal side, the distal ends of the first channel segments being connected to a differential pressure transducer comprising a membrane, the first channel segments possessing different resistance profiles that vary from the feed opening over the length of the channels segment, and the flow resistances R of the channel segments being chosen such that R a /R c • **• *.
  • R b /Rd- Such a device is the known from US 4,463,598.
  • the device described therein for measuring the viscosity uses two parallel circuits, each circuit comprising two capillaries. Between two capillaries in one circuit there is a T-joint, the T-joints of each of the circuits being con- nected to each other via a differential pressure transducer.
  • the device is suitable for determining the viscosity of polymeric solutions, such as polymers eluted from a sorbent by means of a transport liquid.
  • One of the disadvantages of the known device is that filling the circuits and the bridge with a desired fluid, and especially removing air, is not easy.
  • a large number of valves are required, from which again air bubbles have to be expelled.
  • the method according to the present invention is characterized in that the first channel is located in a first plane and the second channel in a sec- ond plane, which first plane and second plane are oriented substantially parallel in relation to each other, and in that the membrane is located in a plane substantially parallel to the first plane.
  • a parallel configuration allows the surfaces to be brought very closely together, and to limit spaces from which gas is difficult to expel.
  • the first plane and the second plane coincide, and the membrane is in a plane lying at least substantially adjacent to and above the first plane, one of the channels being connected to the bottom side of the membrane and the other channel with the top side .
  • Such geometry facilitates a simple manufacture using generally known techniques such as etching of sub- strates.
  • the first channel is located in a first plane and the second channel in a second plane, which first plane and second plane are positioned substantially parallel not coinciding with each other,* and which channels, at the location of the pressure transducer, are separated from each other by the membrane.
  • Such a solution allows the first plane and the second plane to be brought together very closely so that the distance between the membrane of the pressure trans- ducer and the axis of a channel is limited such that air may be expelled when filling the device with a liquid, or that this may already be achieved by using a modest vacuum.
  • a device may be manufactured, for example, by providing a groove in each of the two planar plates and by placing the sides of the plates provided with a groove together so that the grooves form an angle with each other. Before bringing the plates together, a flexible membrane is provided at the spot where the grooves cross.
  • the device comprises a flat substrate dividing the first plane and the second plane from each other.
  • the channels may run parallel to each other and it is also simple to have the inlet openings, and if desired the outlet openings, of the two channels in close proximity.
  • Such a device can be manufactured relatively easily and reproducibly, which is also especially important if there is a possibility of the device being used only once.
  • the device according to the invention possesses at the proximal side of the second channel a chamber for providing the different resistance profile.
  • a chamber for providing the different resistance profile.
  • Such a chamber that may be formed by an enlargement of the internal height and/or width of a portion of the first channel segment, allows a possible viscosity peak to be delayed such that the same may be measured effectively by the differential pressure transducer.
  • the volume of the chamber is preferably chosen such that the same has a volume that is at least equal to the volume of a viscosity peak to be measured.
  • the membrane of the differential pressure transducer initially moves away from the second channel in order to subse- quently, from the position of equilibrium, exhibit a similar deflection toward the second channel.
  • the size of the chamber is such that a peak is absorbed in the chamber and the membrane actually only exhibits deflections from the position of equilibrium to the first channel and vice versa.
  • the chamber is optionally provided with means such as columns, baffles, etc., which may or may not promote turbulent mixing.
  • means such as columns, baffles, etc., which may or may not promote turbulent mixing.
  • various techniques may be used. However, the techniques known in the art for the manufacture of integrated circuits, and micro machining are preferred.
  • the device preferably possesses an optical window for the optical measurement of a deflection of the differential pressure transducer's membrane.
  • the present invention makes it possible to opti- cally and very accurately determine the deflection of the membrane_.
  • Various optical techniques may be used for determining the deflection of the membrane. These may include measurements of angle (due to the membrane becoming convex) or measurements of distance, for example, inter- ferometrically.
  • the membrane is preferably provided with i) a groove; and/or ii) a plate-like increase in thickness.
  • the measurement is preferred for the measurement to be carried out on a part of the surface of the membrane that does not deform.
  • This may in the first place be achieved by providing a plate-like thickening, wherein forces caused by the deflection of the membrane are absorbed by other parts of the membrane.
  • the membrane may be provided with one or more grooves in a suitably chosen pattern, so that the membrane will be predisposed to bulge there, with the result that other parts of the membrane will deform less readily, allowing for a more accurate measurement of the deflection.
  • the device according to the invention is suitable for measuring the viscosity of a fluid, i.e.
  • the device comprises a channel trajectory for the separation of particles.
  • This channel trajectory is conveniently located upstream from the inlet opening of the first and the second channel.
  • the channel trajectory is integrated in the device, that is to say, it is part of at least the first channel and, more particularly, the first channel segment (see also Fig 5 to be described below) .
  • the channel trajectory may be a channel trajectory chosen from a wide range of separating devices. These include in particular: CZE (Capillary Zone Electrophore- sis, for charged particles) , SEC (Size Exclusion Chroma- tography) , HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) , FFF (Field-Flow-Fractionation, such as thermal FFF or electrical FFF), etc.
  • CZE Capillary Zone Electrophore- sis, for charged particles
  • SEC Size Exclusion Chroma- tography
  • HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
  • FFF Field-Flow-Fractionation, such as thermal FFF or electrical FFF
  • the device according to the invention is suitable for hy- drodynamic chromatography (HDC) .
  • the channel trajectory comprises, for example, one single channel section, which in such cases will often be at least five times broader than the internal thickness of the channel.
  • the length which is often determined by external factors such as the size of the available substrate will, for example, be 30 cm or less.
  • a channel trajectory comprising a single channel section, it is possible for a channel trajectory to comprise multiple paral- lei channel sections, if so desired, many hundreds or more. It goes without saying that several channel trajectories may be connected in series.
  • the channel trajectory in accordance with a practi- cal embodiment, has a length of at the most 20 cm, a thickness of at the most 10 ⁇ m, and a width of at least 25 times the thickness of the channel.
  • the thickness is suitably at the most 2 ⁇ m, preferably at the most 1 ⁇ m, and more preferably at the most 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the device according to the present invention may also be manufactured with channel trajectories having a thickness of, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m, a device of this kind may very conveniently be used for taking measurements of very small (polymer) molecules or for determining additional parameters of polymer molecules. This may include, among other things, the characterization of shapes, branchings, and block sequences of large
  • the width is (in the case of a single channel) suitably at least 100 times and preferably at least 250 times the thickness of the channel trajectory.
  • the device according to the present invention is very well suited for carrying out absolute measurements of the size of particles.
  • the variation in the thickness, taken over the length and width of the channel trajectory will generally be less than 10 nm, preferably less than 5 nm, and more preferably less than 2 nm.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic cross section of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic cross section of a second embodiment of a device according to the invention through the second channel
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section along the line III-III in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 shows a possible embodiment of the device according to the invention having an integrated chan- nel trajectory for the separation of the polymer particles according to size
  • Figures 5 represents a top view of the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 shows a view in perspective of a possi- ble embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a device according to the invention in which are visible a first channel 1, a second channel 2, which are provided in a substrate, such as a Si
  • a top glass plate 17 is placed onto the bottom Si substrate in order to close this off at the upper side.
  • Figure 5 shows a top view of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Flow resistors are present after a separating channel, to allow a differential pressure measurement.
  • Said flow resistors are formed by a first channel, with a first channel segment (a) having an inlet opening at a proximal side, and a sec- ond channel segment (b) having an outlet opening at a distal side, as well as by a second channel, with a first channel segment (c) having an inlet opening at a proximal side, and a second channel segment (d) having an outlet opening at a distal side.
  • chambers 8 for receiving and delaying the flowing fluid.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device suitable for measuring the viscosity of a fluid, which device comprises on all sides surrounded channels, and a membrane suitably connected to the channels for differential pressure measurement. According to the invention, the first channel is located in a first plane and the secondchannel in a second plane, which first plane and second plane are oriented substantially parallel in relation to each other, and the membrane is located in a plane substantially parallel to the first plane. This facilitates the device to be filled with liquid without the danger of the retention of air bubbles. The device can be used as an independent viscosity meter, but may also be integrated with one or more separation techniques for particles and (polymer) molecules.

Description

Device for measuring the viscosity of a fluid
The present invention relates to a device suitable for measuring the viscosity of a fluid, which device comprises a first, on all sides surrounded channel, com- prising a first channel segment (a) having an inlet opening at a_proximal side, and a second channel segment (b) having an outlet opening at a distal side, a second, on all sides surrounded channel, comprising a first channel segment (c) having an inlet open- ing at a proximal side, and a second channel segment (d) having an outlet opening at a distal side, the distal ends of the first channel segments being connected to a differential pressure transducer comprising a membrane, the first channel segments possessing different resistance profiles that vary from the feed opening over the length of the channels segment, and the flow resistances R of the channel segments being chosen such that Ra/Rc •**•*. Rb/Rd- Such a device is the known from US 4,463,598. The device described therein for measuring the viscosity uses two parallel circuits, each circuit comprising two capillaries. Between two capillaries in one circuit there is a T-joint, the T-joints of each of the circuits being con- nected to each other via a differential pressure transducer. The device is suitable for determining the viscosity of polymeric solutions, such as polymers eluted from a sorbent by means of a transport liquid.
One of the disadvantages of the known device is that filling the circuits and the bridge with a desired fluid, and especially removing air, is not easy. In particular, to operate the device, a large number of valves are required, from which again air bubbles have to be expelled.
It is the object of the invention to provide an improved device from which air can be removed more easily or, in which there is a smaller chance of air remaining in the device and disrupting the viscosity measurements.
To this end the method according to the present invention is characterized in that the first channel is located in a first plane and the second channel in a sec- ond plane, which first plane and second plane are oriented substantially parallel in relation to each other, and in that the membrane is located in a plane substantially parallel to the first plane.
A parallel configuration allows the surfaces to be brought very closely together, and to limit spaces from which gas is difficult to expel.
According to a first embodiment, the first plane and the second plane coincide, and the membrane is in a plane lying at least substantially adjacent to and above the first plane, one of the channels being connected to the bottom side of the membrane and the other channel with the top side .
Such geometry facilitates a simple manufacture using generally known techniques such as etching of sub- strates.
According to a second embodiment, the first channel is located in a first plane and the second channel in a second plane, which first plane and second plane are positioned substantially parallel not coinciding with each other,* and which channels, at the location of the pressure transducer, are separated from each other by the membrane.
Such a solution allows the first plane and the second plane to be brought together very closely so that the distance between the membrane of the pressure trans- ducer and the axis of a channel is limited such that air may be expelled when filling the device with a liquid, or that this may already be achieved by using a modest vacuum. Such a device may be manufactured, for example, by providing a groove in each of the two planar plates and by placing the sides of the plates provided with a groove together so that the grooves form an angle with each other. Before bringing the plates together, a flexible membrane is provided at the spot where the grooves cross.
According to a preferred embodiment, the device comprises a flat substrate dividing the first plane and the second plane from each other.
In such a configuration, the channels may run parallel to each other and it is also simple to have the inlet openings, and if desired the outlet openings, of the two channels in close proximity. Such a device can be manufactured relatively easily and reproducibly, which is also especially important if there is a possibility of the device being used only once.
According to a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention possesses at the proximal side of the second channel a chamber for providing the different resistance profile. Such a chamber, that may be formed by an enlargement of the internal height and/or width of a portion of the first channel segment, allows a possible viscosity peak to be delayed such that the same may be measured effectively by the differential pressure transducer. The volume of the chamber is preferably chosen such that the same has a volume that is at least equal to the volume of a viscosity peak to be measured. In such a case, the membrane of the differential pressure transducer initially moves away from the second channel in order to subse- quently, from the position of equilibrium, exhibit a similar deflection toward the second channel. According to an alternative embodiment, the size of the chamber is such that a peak is absorbed in the chamber and the membrane actually only exhibits deflections from the position of equilibrium to the first channel and vice versa. To promote mixing, the chamber is optionally provided with means such as columns, baffles, etc., which may or may not promote turbulent mixing. For measuring the deflection of the membrane, various techniques may be used. However, the techniques known in the art for the manufacture of integrated circuits, and micro machining are preferred. The device preferably possesses an optical window for the optical measurement of a deflection of the differential pressure transducer's membrane.
As will become apparent from one of the examples below, the present invention makes it possible to opti- cally and very accurately determine the deflection of the membrane_. Various optical techniques may be used for determining the deflection of the membrane. These may include measurements of angle (due to the membrane becoming convex) or measurements of distance, for example, inter- ferometrically.
The membrane is preferably provided with i) a groove; and/or ii) a plate-like increase in thickness.
With each of the above-mentioned optical measuring techniques it is preferred for the measurement to be carried out on a part of the surface of the membrane that does not deform. This may in the first place be achieved by providing a plate-like thickening, wherein forces caused by the deflection of the membrane are absorbed by other parts of the membrane. Also, the membrane may be provided with one or more grooves in a suitably chosen pattern, so that the membrane will be predisposed to bulge there, with the result that other parts of the membrane will deform less readily, allowing for a more accurate measurement of the deflection. The device according to the invention is suitable for measuring the viscosity of a fluid, i.e. a gas and more commonly a liquid comprising small particles that influence the viscosity, which particles may be molecules such as, more specifically, polymer molecules. According to a particularly interesting embodiment, the device comprises a channel trajectory for the separation of particles. This channel trajectory is conveniently located upstream from the inlet opening of the first and the second channel. According to an alternative embodiment, the channel trajectory is integrated in the device, that is to say, it is part of at least the first channel and, more particularly, the first channel segment (see also Fig 5 to be described below) .
The channel trajectory may be a channel trajectory chosen from a wide range of separating devices. These include in particular: CZE (Capillary Zone Electrophore- sis, for charged particles) , SEC (Size Exclusion Chroma- tography) , HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) , FFF (Field-Flow-Fractionation, such as thermal FFF or electrical FFF), etc.
Without detracting from the importance and the potential application of the above-mentioned techniques, the device according to the invention is suitable for hy- drodynamic chromatography (HDC) . In such a device, the channel trajectory comprises, for example, one single channel section, which in such cases will often be at least five times broader than the internal thickness of the channel. The length, which is often determined by external factors such as the size of the available substrate will, for example, be 30 cm or less. Instead of a channel trajectory comprising a single channel section, it is possible for a channel trajectory to comprise multiple paral- lei channel sections, if so desired, many hundreds or more. It goes without saying that several channel trajectories may be connected in series.
For the separation of particles according to size, the channel trajectory, in accordance with a practi- cal embodiment, has a length of at the most 20 cm, a thickness of at the most 10 μm, and a width of at least 25 times the thickness of the channel.
For taking measurements of polymeric solutions, the thickness is suitably at the most 2 μm, preferably at the most 1 μm, and more preferably at the most 0.5 μm.
Since the device according to the present invention may also be manufactured with channel trajectories having a thickness of, for example, 0.1 μm, a device of this kind may very conveniently be used for taking measurements of very small (polymer) molecules or for determining additional parameters of polymer molecules. This may include, among other things, the characterization of shapes, branchings, and block sequences of large
(co)polymer molecules that are supposed to unfold in the narrow separation channels and exhibit reptation transport .
The width is (in the case of a single channel) suitably at least 100 times and preferably at least 250 times the thickness of the channel trajectory.
The device according to the present invention is very well suited for carrying out absolute measurements of the size of particles. To this end the variation in the thickness, taken over the length and width of the channel trajectory, will generally be less than 10 nm, preferably less than 5 nm, and more preferably less than 2 nm.
The present invention will now be elucidated with the aid of the following examples of possible embodiments, and with reference to the drawings in which
Figure 1 shows a schematic cross section of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention;
Figure 2, shows a schematic cross section of a second embodiment of a device according to the invention through the second channel;
Figure 3, shows a cross section along the line III-III in Figure 2;
Figure 4, shows a possible embodiment of the device according to the invention having an integrated chan- nel trajectory for the separation of the polymer particles according to size;
Figures 5 represents a top view of the device according to the invention; and
Figure 6, shows a view in perspective of a possi- ble embodiment of the device according to the invention.
Figure 1 shows a device according to the invention in which are visible a first channel 1, a second channel 2, which are provided in a substrate, such as a Si
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000009_0002
ing 6 is provided. A top glass plate 17 is placed onto the bottom Si substrate in order to close this off at the upper side.
Figure 5 shows a top view of a further embodiment of the device according to the invention. Flow resistors are present after a separating channel, to allow a differential pressure measurement. Said flow resistors are formed by a first channel, with a first channel segment (a) having an inlet opening at a proximal side, and a sec- ond channel segment (b) having an outlet opening at a distal side, as well as by a second channel, with a first channel segment (c) having an inlet opening at a proximal side, and a second channel segment (d) having an outlet opening at a distal side. Also provided are chambers 8, for receiving and delaying the flowing fluid.

Claims

1. A device suitable for measuring the viscosity of a fluid, which device comprises a first, on all sides surrounded channel, comprising a first channel segment (a) having an inlet open- ing at a proximal side, and a second channel segment (b) having an outlet opening at a distal side,
_a second, on all sides surrounded channel, comprising a first channel segment (c) having an inlet opening at a proximal side, and a second channel segment (d) having an outlet opening at a distal side, the distal ends of the first channel segments being connected to a differential pressure transducer comprising a membrane, the first channel segments possessing different resistance profiles that vary from the feed opening over the length of the channels segment, and the flow resistance R of the channel segments being chosen such that Ra/Rc » b/Ra. characterized in that the first channel is located in a first plane and the second channel in a second plane, which first plane and second plane are oriented substantially parallel in relation to each other, and in that the membrane is located in a plane substantially parallel to the first plane.
2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first plane and the second plane coincide, and the membrane is in a plane lying at least substantially adjacent to and above the first plane, one of the channels being connected to the bottom side of the membrane and the other channel with the top side.
3. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first plane and second plane are positioned not to coincide with each other, and the chan- nels, at the location of the pressure transducer, are separated from each other by the membrane .
4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the device comprises a flat substrate divid- ing the first plane and the second plane from each other. 4. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device possesses at the proximal side of the second channel a chamber for providing the different resistance profile.
5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that the chamber is provided with means that promote mixing.
6. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device possesses an op- tical window for the optical measurement of a deflection of the differential pressure transducer's membrane.
7. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the membrane is provided with i) a groove; and/or ii) a plate-like increase in thickness.
8. A device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises at least one channel trajectory having an arbitrary cross section for the separation of particles.
9. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that for the separation of particles according to size, the channel trajectory has a length of at the most 20 cm, a thickness of at the most 10 μm, and a width of at least 25 times the thickness of the channel.
10. A device according to one of the claims 8 to 9, characterized in that the thickness is at the most 2 μm, preferably at the most 1 μm, and more preferably at the most 0.5 μm.
11. A device according to one of the claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the width is at least 100 times and preferably at least 250 times the thickness of the channel trajectory.
12. A device according to one of the claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the variation in the thickness, taken over the length and width of the channel trajectory is less than 5 n , preferably less than 2 nm.
PCT/NL2001/000365 2000-05-12 2001-05-14 Viscosimeter with parallel channels separated by membrane WO2001086254A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU58923/01A AU5892301A (en) 2000-05-12 2001-05-14 Device for measuring the viscosity of a fluid

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NL1015185A NL1015185C2 (en) 2000-05-12 2000-05-12 Device suitable for measuring the viscosity of a fluid.
NL1015185 2000-05-12

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009045677A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Viscosity measurement

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4286457A (en) * 1980-03-06 1981-09-01 Shell Oil Company Viscosity measurement
US4463598A (en) * 1982-12-10 1984-08-07 Haney Max A Capillary bridge viscometer
US5359881A (en) * 1992-03-20 1994-11-01 Micro Motion, Incorporated Viscometer for sanitary applications

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4286457A (en) * 1980-03-06 1981-09-01 Shell Oil Company Viscosity measurement
US4463598A (en) * 1982-12-10 1984-08-07 Haney Max A Capillary bridge viscometer
US5359881A (en) * 1992-03-20 1994-11-01 Micro Motion, Incorporated Viscometer for sanitary applications

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009045677A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Viscosity measurement
US7784330B2 (en) 2007-10-05 2010-08-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Viscosity measurement

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AU5892301A (en) 2001-11-20
NL1015185C2 (en) 2001-11-13

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