WO2001079650A1 - Drillable drill bit nozzle - Google Patents

Drillable drill bit nozzle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001079650A1
WO2001079650A1 PCT/GB2001/001506 GB0101506W WO0179650A1 WO 2001079650 A1 WO2001079650 A1 WO 2001079650A1 GB 0101506 W GB0101506 W GB 0101506W WO 0179650 A1 WO0179650 A1 WO 0179650A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drill bit
nozzle
bore
drilling
depth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2001/001506
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mike Wardley
Original Assignee
Weatherford/Lamb, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CA002406083A priority Critical patent/CA2406083C/en
Priority to EP01917295A priority patent/EP1272731B1/en
Priority to DE60124887T priority patent/DE60124887T2/en
Priority to US10/257,662 priority patent/US6848517B2/en
Priority to AU2001244377A priority patent/AU2001244377A1/en
Application filed by Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. filed Critical Weatherford/Lamb, Inc.
Publication of WO2001079650A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001079650A1/en
Priority to NO20024864A priority patent/NO327110B1/en
Priority to US10/772,217 priority patent/US7334650B2/en
Priority to US11/932,430 priority patent/US7823660B2/en
Priority to US11/932,495 priority patent/US8127868B2/en
Priority to US12/894,433 priority patent/US8042616B2/en
Priority to US13/412,297 priority patent/US8534379B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E21B10/61—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to drill bits and nozzles used in conjunction with drill bits for use in the drilling of oil well bores or other earth drilling applications.
  • Rotary drill bits are well known in the art and typically comprise a drill bit body upon which are mounted cutting elements made of a hard material such as tungsten carbide or diamond.
  • the drill bit bodies are typically provided with nozzle passages for circulating drilling fluid from the interior of the drill bit toward the point where the cutting elements engage the bottom of the bore hole.
  • Nozzles both of removable and fixed construction, may optionally be attached to the lower side of a drill bit body and at the end of the nozzle passages for facilitating the jetting of drilling fluid through the passages at the bottom of the hole, thereby providing both a lubrication function in addition to assisting in the carrying away of loose debris and other cut material.
  • the drilling fluid is very abrasive as it jets through the nozzles and accordingly hard materials have been employed in the past for constructing drill bit nozzles. Such materials have been required to withstand high drilling fluid jet velocities and high pressure differentials across the nozzles.
  • a drill bit body which is made substantially of a material that may be drilled through by standard or conventional earth bore drilling equipment.
  • Such technologies may be beneficial when, for example, it is desired to drill with casing and it is desired to leave the drill bit in the bore hole during the cementing of a first section of casing.
  • a further and smaller diameter > drill bit may be employed to extend the well bore and to do this 1 the subsequent drill bit is required to drill through the first ⁇ drill bit employed.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method 14 of drilling a well bore, wherein the drilling method is that commonly known as drilling with casing and wherein subsequent drilling may be undertaken by a subsequent drill bit, without the requirement of the removal of the earlier or first drill bit from the well bore, and wherein the earlier or first drill bit includes nozzles.
  • drill bit nozzle comprising a body defining a through bore, i wherein the through bore defines a passage for drilling fluid in
  • the body is made substantially of a 1 material or materials that allow for the nozzle to be
  • the through bore has an enlarged concave portion at
  • the nozzle body may be made of two materials, wherein the
  • said first material is of relatively thin construction and has a
  • 9 nozzle body is made of a second material that is easily 0 drillable.
  • the first or surface material may be a hard chrome.
  • tungsten carbide or suitable alloys may be used,
  • the second material forming substantially the majority of the nozzle body may be made typically of a softer metal, such as nickel, aluminium, copper or alloys of these.
  • the second material may be copper and the surface or first material is hard chrome, wherein the hard chrome is i applied to the copper body by electro-plating.
  • 0 invention may be made of one or more materials and that it need
  • FIG. 3 shows a further drill bit nozzle made substantially of a non-metallic material.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a drill bit nozzle which is generally depicted at 1.
  • the drill bit nozzle is adapted to be threadably engaged with a drill bit body (not shown) by virtue of the threaded portions 2.
  • the nozzle 1 is provided with an annular body 3 that defines a through passage or through bore 4.
  • the through bore 4 is formed with an inlet having a concave
  • I- geometry of the through-bore 4 is such that well fluid is jetted
  • I is intended to receive drilling fluid at high velocities
  • the through bore 4 is constructed of a material that is suitable
  • the surface of the through bore 4 is preferably made
  • the surface material may be used as the surface material.
  • the surface material will typically be chosen as one which is able to be combined with a softer drillable material whereby this softer drillable material may form substantially the body of the drill bit nozzle, with the exception of the surface herein before mentioned.
  • the second material from which substantially all of the nozzle body is made is copper. Copper is selected as one suitable material as the surface coating of hard chrome may be easily applied to the copper body by electroplating means. Additionally, copper is sufficiently soft to allow a subsequent drill bit to drill through the body of the nozzle.
  • the i nozzle 10 is made substantially of a single non-metallic
  • the nozzle is provided with
  • insert 11 is, nevertheless, made of a material which is
  • the invention may be seen to overcome the difficulty of

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

A drill bit nozzle (1) providing a through bore for the passage of drilling fluid through a drill bit. The nozzle (1) is made of a material or materials which can be drilled through by standard well bore drilling equipment. The material(s) are selected to provide a surface (5) to the through bore which has a relatively high resistance to erosion to withstand the abrasive and corrosive impact of jetted drilling fluid. Embodiments are described using a hard chrome/copper combination and a single rubber material.

Description

DRILL BIT NOZZLE
The present invention relates to drill bits and nozzles used in conjunction with drill bits for use in the drilling of oil well bores or other earth drilling applications.
Rotary drill bits are well known in the art and typically comprise a drill bit body upon which are mounted cutting elements made of a hard material such as tungsten carbide or diamond. The drill bit bodies are typically provided with nozzle passages for circulating drilling fluid from the interior of the drill bit toward the point where the cutting elements engage the bottom of the bore hole.
Nozzles, both of removable and fixed construction, may optionally be attached to the lower side of a drill bit body and at the end of the nozzle passages for facilitating the jetting of drilling fluid through the passages at the bottom of the hole, thereby providing both a lubrication function in addition to assisting in the carrying away of loose debris and other cut material. It is recognised in the art that the drilling fluid is very abrasive as it jets through the nozzles and accordingly hard materials have been employed in the past for constructing drill bit nozzles. Such materials have been required to withstand high drilling fluid jet velocities and high pressure differentials across the nozzles.
In our co-pending British Patent Application Number GB9930287.9 there is described a drill bit body which is made substantially of a material that may be drilled through by standard or conventional earth bore drilling equipment. Such technologies may be beneficial when, for example, it is desired to drill with casing and it is desired to leave the drill bit in the bore hole during the cementing of a first section of casing. After the i cementing has been complete, a further and smaller diameter > drill bit may be employed to extend the well bore and to do this 1 the subsequent drill bit is required to drill through the first \ drill bit employed. )
) However, this technology has not been possible until now if the I first or earlier drill bit comprised nozzles as nozzles, I previously, have required to be made of a hard material for 3 reasons described above that would resist any subsequent attempt 4- to drill through the nozzles. 5
6 It is an object therefore of the present invention to provide
7 drill bit nozzles that are constructed to withstand the abrasive
8 and erosive impact of jetted drilling fluid, while also being
9 suitable for subsequent drilling operations intended to drill
0 through drill bit bodies to which the nozzles are attached, and
1 indeed the nozzles themselves. •2 A further object of the present invention is to provide a method 14 of drilling a well bore, wherein the drilling method is that commonly known as drilling with casing and wherein subsequent drilling may be undertaken by a subsequent drill bit, without the requirement of the removal of the earlier or first drill bit from the well bore, and wherein the earlier or first drill bit includes nozzles.
Other objects and features of this invention will become apparent from time to time throughout the specification and claims as hereinafter related.
The foregoing objectives are accomplished by a new and improved
: drill bit nozzle comprising a body defining a through bore, i wherein the through bore defines a passage for drilling fluid in
. use, wherein the surface of the through bore within the body has
> a relatively high resistance to erosion and wherein the nozzle
> is characterised in that the body is made substantially of a 1 material or materials that allow for the nozzle to be
-t subsequently drilled through by standard well bore drilling
? equipment .
I>
1 Preferably, the through bore has an enlarged concave portion at
2 an inlet side of the nozzle, communicating with a smaller
3 diameter cylindrical portion. 4
5 The nozzle body may be made of two materials, wherein the
6 surface of the through bore is made of a first material, wherein
7 said first material is of relatively thin construction and has a
8 high resistance to erosion, and wherein the remainder of the
9 nozzle body is made of a second material that is easily 0 drillable.
12 The first or surface material may be a hard chrome.
>3 Alternatively, tungsten carbide or suitable alloys may be used,
14 their suitability being assessed by their ability to withstand erosive forces from the well fluid jetted through the through- bore.
The second material forming substantially the majority of the nozzle body may be made typically of a softer metal, such as nickel, aluminium, copper or alloys of these.
Preferably, the second material may be copper and the surface or first material is hard chrome, wherein the hard chrome is i applied to the copper body by electro-plating.
Alternatively, a nozzle in accordance with the present invention
> may be made of a rubber material. In this respect, it is noted
\ that while rubber is typically not a "hard" material, it does
5 nevertheless have a high resistance to erosion. Moreover,
5 rubber materials may be easily drilled by subsequent drilling
7 bits.
9 It may be seen therefore that a nozzle in accordance with
0 invention may be made of one or more materials and that it need
1 not be made entirely or even partially of a metal material. It
2 is also envisaged, for example, that polyurethane or other
3 elastomers may be used. 4
5 An example embodiment of the invention will now be described
6 with reference to the accompanying Figures in which: 7
8 Figure l a) is a sectional elevation of an earth boring drill .9 bit nozzle;
O ιl Figure l b) is a simple sectional view through the section y-y
12 on Figure l a); and
(3 Figure 2 shows a further drill bit nozzle made substantially of a non-metallic material.
Referring firstly to Figure 1, there is shown a drill bit nozzle which is generally depicted at 1. The drill bit nozzle is adapted to be threadably engaged with a drill bit body (not shown) by virtue of the threaded portions 2. The nozzle 1 is provided with an annular body 3 that defines a through passage or through bore 4.
The through bore 4 is formed with an inlet having a concave
: enlarged portion 4a which communicates with a cylindrical i smaller diameter portion 4b leading to an outlet 7. The
I- geometry of the through-bore 4 is such that well fluid is jetted
> at high velocity out the outlet 7. 5
1 It is recognised in the invention that the nozzle through-bore 4
I is intended to receive drilling fluid at high velocities and
? with high pressure differentials. Accordingly, the surface 5 of
) the through bore 4 is constructed of a material that is suitable
1 for withstanding the abrasive and eroding nature of the drilling
2 fluid in use. Not only must the surface of the through passage
3 withstand the eroding forces of the drilling fluid, but in view
4 of the proximity of the nozzles to the cutting surface of the
5 drill bit, excessive wear may be induced in the event of a non-
6 resistant material being employed as a result of the impact of
7 small rock particles and other debris cut by the drill bit from
8 the well formation. The erosive effect of rock particles within
9 drill bit nozzles is well known and documented. For this
0 reason, the surface of the through bore 4 is preferably made
1 from a hard material which, in an example embodiment of Figure '2 1, is a hard chrome material. In another example, tungsten
13 carbide may be used as the surface material. 14 However, the surface material will typically be chosen as one which is able to be combined with a softer drillable material whereby this softer drillable material may form substantially the body of the drill bit nozzle, with the exception of the surface herein before mentioned. In the example embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the second material from which substantially all of the nozzle body is made is copper. Copper is selected as one suitable material as the surface coating of hard chrome may be easily applied to the copper body by electroplating means. Additionally, copper is sufficiently soft to allow a subsequent drill bit to drill through the body of the nozzle.
Turning now to Figure 2, an alternative nozzle in accordance
' with the present invention is generally depicted at 10. The i nozzle 10 is made substantially of a single non-metallic
1 material, namely rubber. However, to enable the rubber nozzle
! to be attached to a drill bit body, the nozzle is provided with
) a threaded insert made of a metallic material. The threaded
) insert 11 is, nevertheless, made of a material which is
L sufficiently soft to allow a subsequent drill bit to drill
I through it. 3
4 An advantage of the present invention will be apparent from the
5 method of use of the drill bit nozzle as shown in the Figures
5 and described above which allows for a drill bit bearing drill
7 bit nozzles to be left in a well bore during the cementing of
8 casing and subsequently drilled through by standard well bore
9 drilling equipment to allow for the well to be extended. 0
1 The invention may be seen to overcome the difficulty of
2 providing drill bit nozzles in a manner that allowed for their '3 resistance to wear from the erosive characteristics of jetted 4 drilling fluid, while nevertheless enabling subsequent conventional or standard well bore drilling equipment to drill through them.
Further modifications and improvements may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention herein intended.

Claims

1. A drill bit nozzle comprising a body defining a through bore, wherein the through bore defines a passage for drilling fluid in use, wherein the through bore includes a surface having a relatively high resistance to erosion and wherein the nozzle is characterised in that the body is made substantially of one or more materials that allow for the nozzle to be subsequently drilled through by standard well bore drilling equipment.
2. A drill bit nozzle as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the through bore includes an enlarged concave portion at an inlet side of the nozzle, communicating with a smaller diameter cylindrical portion.
3. A drill bit nozzle as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2,
! wherein the body is made of two materials, wherein the
> surface is made of a first material, said first material
) being of relatively thin construction and having a high
L resistance to erosion, and wherein the body is made of a
I second material that is easily drillable.
3 4. A drill bit nozzle as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the first
5 material is a hard metal chrome, such as hard tungsten
6 carbide or suitable alloys . 7
8 5. A drill bit nozzle as claimed in Claim 3 or Claim 4,
9 wherein the second material is a softer metal, such as 0 nickel, aluminium, copper or alloys of these.
1
'2 6. A drill bit nozzle as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the first
13 material is hard chrome and the second material is copper, wherein the hard chrome is applied to the copper body by electro-plating .
7. A drill bit nozzle as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the nozzle is made at least in part by a rubber, polyurethane or other elastomers .
8. A method of drilling a well bore including the steps of:
(a) drilling a bore to a first depth using a first drill bit; and
(b) drilling the bore to a second depth using a second drill bit, the second depth being deeper than the first depth and characterised in that the second drill bit drills through the first drill bit in the bore at the first depth, and at least the first drill bit includes at least one nozzle according to any one of the preceding Claims .
PCT/GB2001/001506 2000-04-13 2001-04-02 Drillable drill bit nozzle WO2001079650A1 (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002406083A CA2406083C (en) 2000-04-13 2001-04-02 Drillable drill bit nozzle
EP01917295A EP1272731B1 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-04-02 Drillable drill bit nozzle
DE60124887T DE60124887T2 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-04-02 BORING NOZZLE FOR A DRILLING TIP
US10/257,662 US6848517B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-04-02 Drillable drill bit nozzle
AU2001244377A AU2001244377A1 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-04-02 Drillable drill bit nozzle
NO20024864A NO327110B1 (en) 2000-04-13 2002-10-09 Drill bit drill bit
US10/772,217 US7334650B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2004-02-02 Apparatus and methods for drilling a wellbore using casing
US11/932,430 US7823660B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2007-10-31 Apparatus and methods for drilling a wellbore using casing
US11/932,495 US8127868B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2007-10-31 Apparatus and methods for drilling a wellbore using casing
US12/894,433 US8042616B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2010-09-30 Apparatus and methods for drilling a wellbore using casing
US13/412,297 US8534379B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2012-03-05 Apparatus and methods for drilling a wellbore using casing

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0008988.8A GB0008988D0 (en) 2000-04-13 2000-04-13 Drill bit nozzle
GB0008988.8 2000-04-13

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/331,964 Continuation-In-Part US6857487B2 (en) 1999-02-25 2002-12-30 Drilling with concentric strings of casing

Related Child Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10257662 A-371-Of-International 2001-04-02
US10/257,662 A-371-Of-International US6848517B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-04-02 Drillable drill bit nozzle
US10/331,964 Continuation-In-Part US6857487B2 (en) 1999-02-25 2002-12-30 Drilling with concentric strings of casing
US10/772,217 Continuation-In-Part US7334650B2 (en) 2000-04-13 2004-02-02 Apparatus and methods for drilling a wellbore using casing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001079650A1 true WO2001079650A1 (en) 2001-10-25

Family

ID=9889751

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2001/001506 WO2001079650A1 (en) 2000-04-13 2001-04-02 Drillable drill bit nozzle

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6848517B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1272731B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001244377A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2406083C (en)
DE (1) DE60124887T2 (en)
GB (1) GB0008988D0 (en)
NO (1) NO327110B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001079650A1 (en)

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NO20024864D0 (en) 2002-10-09
GB0008988D0 (en) 2000-05-31
AU2001244377A1 (en) 2001-10-30
NO327110B1 (en) 2009-04-27
CA2406083A1 (en) 2001-10-25
US20030164250A1 (en) 2003-09-04
EP1272731A1 (en) 2003-01-08
DE60124887D1 (en) 2007-01-11
US6848517B2 (en) 2005-02-01
CA2406083C (en) 2006-10-03
EP1272731B1 (en) 2006-11-29
NO20024864L (en) 2002-12-09
DE60124887T2 (en) 2007-07-05

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