WO2001074711A1 - The method of burning metal fuel - Google Patents

The method of burning metal fuel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2001074711A1
WO2001074711A1 PCT/RU2000/000314 RU0000314W WO0174711A1 WO 2001074711 A1 WO2001074711 A1 WO 2001074711A1 RU 0000314 W RU0000314 W RU 0000314W WO 0174711 A1 WO0174711 A1 WO 0174711A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
burning
fuel
metal
oxidizer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2000/000314
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jury Alexandrovich Mazalov
Original Assignee
Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo 'firma Rikom'
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo 'firma Rikom' filed Critical Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo 'firma Rikom'
Priority to AU64852/00A priority Critical patent/AU6485200A/en
Publication of WO2001074711A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001074711A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/08—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Definitions

  • This invention belongs to the field of chemical power engineering, in particular, to the methods of getting a thermal and kinetic energy as a result of chemical exothermic reactions with bonded oxygen.
  • the invention can be used in different fields of industry.
  • a mixture of metals is a fuel with oxides of less active metals as an oxidizer.
  • Mg As a basic fuel Al, Mg, alloys Ca-Si, Cu-Al, Fe-Mn, as an oxidizer Fe 2 0 3 , Fe 3 0 , CuO, NiO, Pb 3 0 , Mn0 2 can be used .
  • a metal containing fuel for example, lithium hydride or aluminum is delivered into the combustible chamber by a flow of liquid or gaseous components. These components are kept out of the chamber in special tanks.
  • the process of burning can be adjusted by a variation of a flow of liquid and gaseous components into the chamber.
  • this method [2] is rather complicated because it requires separate tanks for liquid and gaseous components, collectors for outboard oxidizers, feeding systems for liquid and gaseous components and a cooling device for the chamber of combustion.
  • the proximate method is the method by V.E.Alemasov .
  • This method [5] is realized in hydrojet engines with water reacting heterogeneous combination of metal containing fuel, nonorganic oxidizers (nitrates or perchlorates of alkaline metals) and polimeric binders.
  • Combustion products contain plenty of nonreacted metal which is afterburned by outboard water in the combustible chamber.
  • a solid fuel charge is ignited by a special device, then it is burned down in the chamber by water.
  • the work of the hybrid engine is adjusted by speed of feeding (supply) of water and stops after complete combustion of solid fuel charge.
  • the burning of metal hydroreacting mixtures allows to receive plenty of heat and working body.
  • the main shortcoming of the method [5] is a double step of metal oxidizing, first by products of disintegration of the main oxidizer, then by water. At the first step an intensive agglomeration of metal particles is taking place which leads to the chemical and gasedinamic loses.
  • the use of primary oxidizer is necessary for an activation of metal particles which provides the second reaction with water.
  • nonorganic oxidizers specially chlorin - containing ones makes the method [5] rather complicating, explosivelly and ecologically hazardous.
  • the proposed invention aims at receiving a big quantity of heat and kinetic energy by simple and safe way of direct burning of metal containing fuel in the water environment. This way permits to control a speed of burning process and provides the complete use of metal containing fuel. For example, the burning 1 kg. of aluminium by this method gives 15 Mjoul of heat and 110,16 g. of hydrogen.
  • the charge does not contain an oxidizer but the reaction of it burning goes on at direct contact of supercritical water with the surface of the charge covered by a gasproof water-soluble film.
  • the essence of the method is the use of metal containing substances covered by a water- soluble polimeric (for example, polyethylenoxide) film as a fuel and an superrcritical (pressure > 22,12 Mpa, temperature > 647,3K) water as an oxidizer.
  • a water- soluble polimeric film for example, polyethylenoxide
  • an superrcritical (pressure > 22,12 Mpa, temperature > 647,3K) water as an oxidizer.
  • the aluminum ultradisperse pyrophoric powder (diameter of particles around 0,2 mkni) created by the method of an electroarc plasma condensation in an argon environment. Then the powder is covered by a water-soluble polimeric (polyethylenoxide p.e.) film in the horseshoe mixer. The substance is granulated and formed up to desired dimensions by compressing. Then the prepared charge of 0,5 kg of mass is put info a closed type reactor (volume 25 1) and after its hermetisation add there 0,5kg of supercritical water (647,3k, 25 Mpa). The polimeric film is dissolving on the surface of the charge and the process of burning layer-by layer with emission of heat starts.
  • a high disperse nonpyrophoric aluminum powder (diameter of particles around 50 mkm) is used as a fuel it is also covered by a water-soluble polyethylenoxide film.
  • the powder is granulated and formed as a charge.
  • the charge of 526,3g. is put info a closed type reactor (volume 45 1.) and after its hermetisation 473,7 g. of supercritical water is added inside.
  • the proposed method can be used for burning a metal containing fuel in open type reactors.
  • the burning is going on under the constant pressure if the speed of gas emission is equal to the speed of outflow of products of burning.
  • the pressure in the chamber of combustion can be adjusted by the speed of water inflow, by the surface of burning and by the characteristics of nozzle.
  • the outflow of products of burning can be directed to the closed volume to accumulate a pressure or to the open volume as a rocket jet. Other characteristics of the process do not differ than those of the closed type reactor.
  • the proposed method permits to convert directly the thermal energy of burning products into the kinetic energy.

Abstract

The invention belongs to the fields of chemical power engineering, in particular, to the methods of receiving a thermal and kinetic energy as a result of exothermic reaction with bonded oxygen. The essence of the invention is the use of metal containing substances covered by water soluble film as a fuel and the water in supercritical state (pressure more than 22.12 Mpa, temperature more than 647.3 K) as an oxidizer. It permits to get a big quantity of thermal and kinetic energy and to control the process of burning as well.

Description

The method of burning metal fuel
This invention belongs to the field of chemical power engineering, in particular, to the methods of getting a thermal and kinetic energy as a result of chemical exothermic reactions with bonded oxygen. The invention can be used in different fields of industry.
The way of getting thermal energy when burning thermit compounds is known: a mixture of metals (alloys) is a fuel with oxides of less active metals as an oxidizer.
As a basic fuel Al, Mg, alloys Ca-Si, Cu-Al, Fe-Mn, as an oxidizer Fe203, Fe30 , CuO, NiO, Pb30 , Mn02 can be used . Encyclopaedia of Chemisty ed. N.S. Zeflrov, -M: The Grand Russian encyclopaedia, 1995, v4 pp. 532, 533. [1].
Shortcomings of the way [I] are: an uncontrolled process of oxidizing the metal (alloy) because an exothermic self-sustaining reaction goes on until the metal is totally burned; this method can not be used for getting a kinetic energy.
The way of burning metal containing fuels as a part of hybrid fuels consist of components in different aggregate states (solid, liquid or gaseous) is also known. The burning of metal containing fuels is going on after they had been dispergated into gaseous phase by gaseous oxidizers (oxygen, chlorin, fluorin). The short Encyclopaedia, - M: Janus - K, 1999, pp. 136, 137.[2].
In this method [2] a metal containing fuel, for example, lithium hydride or aluminum is delivered into the combustible chamber by a flow of liquid or gaseous components. These components are kept out of the chamber in special tanks.
In this method [2], the process of burning can be adjusted by a variation of a flow of liquid and gaseous components into the chamber.
However, this method [2] is rather complicated because it requires separate tanks for liquid and gaseous components, collectors for outboard oxidizers, feeding systems for liquid and gaseous components and a cooling device for the chamber of combustion.
The method of getting a hydrogen when oxidizing an aluminum by water in an inert environment or in a vacuum. Jpn Kokai Tokyo Koho -jp 01,208301 (89, 208301). Int Cl. C 01 B 3/08.[3].
According to this way the oxidizing of aluminum requires a preliminary removal of protective oxide film and the reaction is going on in the inert environment or in vacuum witch makes the technological process rather complicated.
The method of oxidizing of aluminum by caustic dip with an emission of heat and hydrogen is also known. Patent Fr. JN° 2512527 Int.Cl. F 24 J 1/02/ 10.09.81. [4]. But the conditions of oxidizing do not provide the burning of an aluminum, because the device is working as a hydrogen burner and for the oxidizing of aluminum a caustic dip is used. Under these conditions the reaction is slow and requires a permanent extraction of aluminum hydrooxide winch creates diffusion restrictions to the reaction
According to the number of common features and technical solutions the proximate method is the method by V.E.Alemasov . The Theory of Rocket engines, - M.: Mashinostroevie, 1989, pp. 434, 435. [5] when a water goes directly into the combustible chamber where the process of burning a metal containing fuel is taking place.
This method [5] is realized in hydrojet engines with water reacting heterogeneous combination of metal containing fuel, nonorganic oxidizers (nitrates or perchlorates of alkaline metals) and polimeric binders.
Combustion products contain plenty of nonreacted metal which is afterburned by outboard water in the combustible chamber.
In the engine [5], a solid fuel charge is ignited by a special device, then it is burned down in the chamber by water. The work of the hybrid engine is adjusted by speed of feeding (supply) of water and stops after complete combustion of solid fuel charge.
The burning of metal hydroreacting mixtures allows to receive plenty of heat and working body.
The main shortcoming of the method [5] is a double step of metal oxidizing, first by products of disintegration of the main oxidizer, then by water. At the first step an intensive agglomeration of metal particles is taking place which leads to the chemical and gasedinamic loses. The use of primary oxidizer is necessary for an activation of metal particles which provides the second reaction with water. Thus, the use of nonorganic oxidizers, specially chlorin - containing ones makes the method [5] rather complicating, explosivelly and ecologically hazardous.
The above mentioned method [5] is considered to be a proximate analogue.
The proposed invention aims at receiving a big quantity of heat and kinetic energy by simple and safe way of direct burning of metal containing fuel in the water environment. This way permits to control a speed of burning process and provides the complete use of metal containing fuel. For example, the burning 1 kg. of aluminium by this method gives 15 Mjoul of heat and 110,16 g. of hydrogen.
According to the invention this can be achieved by covering metal particles used as a fuel with a water-soluble film and by using a water in a supercritical phase. It is known that water is an oxidizer for many metals . (Encyclopaedia of Chemistry, ed. I. L. Knounianz, - M.: Soviet encyclopaedia, 1990, v. 1, pp. 116, 117, 394-397). [6]. For example, 2A1 + 3H20 = A1203+3H2+921,8 kjoul.
However a dense oxide film formed on a surface of aluminum at contact with oxygen from the air creates diffusion restrictions to an oxidation of aluminum even in boiling water.
It is also known that in an supercritical phase (a pressure more than 22,12 mpa, a temperature more than 647,3 K). the water can be used for oxidizing organic and nonorganic substances. (Encyclopedia of Chemistry, ed. I. L. Knounianz, - M.: Soviet encyclopaedia, 1990, v. 2, pp. 540-543). [7].
Meanwhile these reactions going on in the water environment require an additional oxidizer like oxygen or oxygen containing substanses.
In the proposed method the charge does not contain an oxidizer but the reaction of it burning goes on at direct contact of supercritical water with the surface of the charge covered by a gasproof water-soluble film.
The declarant did not find any other technical solutions containing an idea of covering a metal surface by a gasproof water-soluble film. The general totality of vital features, mentioned in the formula of the invention permits to make a conclusion that the declared method corresponds to the criterion of "novelty" and "invention level".
The essence of the method is the use of metal containing substances covered by a water- soluble polimeric (for example, polyethylenoxide) film as a fuel and an superrcritical (pressure > 22,12 Mpa, temperature > 647,3K) water as an oxidizer.
When the fuel contacts with the supercritical water the protective film is dissolving and the metal substance reacts with molecules of water. In the overcritical water the distances between its molecules are bigger than in normal liquid water. The hydrogen linkages are practically collapsed and the hydrol molecules do not have intermolecular bonds. In the supercritical water the coefficients of diffusion is very high but the resistance to the masstransference is practically absent so all conditions for fast reactions have been provided.
As examples of the described method the following experiments had been made: the aluminum ultradisperse pyrophoric powder (diameter of particles around 0,2 mkni) created by the method of an electroarc plasma condensation in an argon environment. Then the powder is covered by a water-soluble polimeric (polyethylenoxide p.e.) film in the horseshoe mixer. The substance is granulated and formed up to desired dimensions by compressing. Then the prepared charge of 0,5 kg of mass is put info a closed type reactor (volume 25 1) and after its hermetisation add there 0,5kg of supercritical water (647,3k, 25 Mpa). The polimeric film is dissolving on the surface of the charge and the process of burning layer-by layer with emission of heat starts.
If a high disperse nonpyrophoric aluminum powder (diameter of particles around 50 mkm) is used as a fuel it is also covered by a water-soluble polyethylenoxide film. The powder is granulated and formed as a charge. The charge of 526,3g. is put info a closed type reactor (volume 45 1.) and after its hermetisation 473,7 g. of supercritical water is added inside.
The proposed method can be used for burning a metal containing fuel in open type reactors. In that case the burning is going on under the constant pressure if the speed of gas emission is equal to the speed of outflow of products of burning. The pressure in the chamber of combustion can be adjusted by the speed of water inflow, by the surface of burning and by the characteristics of nozzle. The outflow of products of burning can be directed to the closed volume to accumulate a pressure or to the open volume as a rocket jet. Other characteristics of the process do not differ than those of the closed type reactor.
The proposed method permits to convert directly the thermal energy of burning products into the kinetic energy.

Claims

Claims
The method of burning metal containing fuel when the fuel and the water are delivered together to the combustion chamber where the process of metal oxidizing is taking place, the difference between this method and others is in the usage here as a fuel of the metal, containing substances covered by the water-soluble film, and as an oxidizer - water in the supercritical state parameters.
PCT/RU2000/000314 2000-04-04 2000-07-28 The method of burning metal fuel WO2001074711A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU64852/00A AU6485200A (en) 2000-04-04 2000-07-28 The method of burning metal fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2000108169 2000-04-04
RU2000108169/06A RU2158396C1 (en) 2000-04-04 2000-04-04 Method of burning metal-containing fuel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001074711A1 true WO2001074711A1 (en) 2001-10-11

Family

ID=20232725

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2000/000314 WO2001074711A1 (en) 2000-04-04 2000-07-28 The method of burning metal fuel

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6485200A (en)
RU (1) RU2158396C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001074711A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002040395A1 (en) * 2000-07-04 2002-05-23 Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo 'firma Rikom' Method of manufacturing hydrogen

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2446306C1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-03-27 Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН (ИХФ РАН) Method of operating pulsating detonation engine (versions)
RU2534533C2 (en) * 2012-07-04 2014-11-27 Николай Евгеньевич Староверов Oxidiser and thereof-containing propellant
RU2580376C2 (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-04-10 Николай Евгеньевич Староверов Cruise missile, in particular-anti-ship missile (versions)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0055330A1 (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-07 International Business Machines Corporation A process for generating energy in the form of heat and hydrogen
JPS63310936A (en) * 1987-06-13 1988-12-19 Nippon Sanso Kk Hydrogen storage alloy material and its production
US4882994A (en) * 1988-01-28 1989-11-28 Veltman Preston Leonard Particulate fuel components for solid propellant systems
US5702491A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-12-30 Ball Corporation Portable hydrogen generator
US5817157A (en) * 1996-01-02 1998-10-06 Checketts; Jed H. Hydrogen generation system and pelletized fuel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0055330A1 (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-07-07 International Business Machines Corporation A process for generating energy in the form of heat and hydrogen
JPS63310936A (en) * 1987-06-13 1988-12-19 Nippon Sanso Kk Hydrogen storage alloy material and its production
US4882994A (en) * 1988-01-28 1989-11-28 Veltman Preston Leonard Particulate fuel components for solid propellant systems
US5702491A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-12-30 Ball Corporation Portable hydrogen generator
US5817157A (en) * 1996-01-02 1998-10-06 Checketts; Jed H. Hydrogen generation system and pelletized fuel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 156 (C - 585) 14 April 1989 (1989-04-14) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002040395A1 (en) * 2000-07-04 2002-05-23 Zakrytoe Aktsionernoe Obschestvo 'firma Rikom' Method of manufacturing hydrogen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6485200A (en) 2001-10-15
RU2158396C1 (en) 2000-10-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5212343A (en) Water reactive method with delayed explosion
US6931832B2 (en) Monopropellant combustion system
US5634341A (en) System for generating hydrogen
US6849247B1 (en) Gas generating process for propulsion and hydrogen production
Pang et al. Boron-based composite energetic materials (B-CEMs): Preparation, combustion and applications
US11787752B2 (en) High density hybrid rocket motor
US3985866A (en) Method of producing high-pressure hydrogen containing gas for use as a power source
WO2001074711A1 (en) The method of burning metal fuel
US3773947A (en) Process of generating nitrogen using metal azide
US3158993A (en) Solid fuels and formulations
RU2169853C2 (en) Method of operation of flying vehcile engine employing jet propulsion and design of such engine
JP2004257318A (en) Propulsion apparatus and flying object including the same and method for igniting propulsion apparatus
JP2004331425A (en) Han/hn-based monopropellant and method for developing hot gas using the same
US3093960A (en) Method of producing thrust by reacting a metal azide with a boron and hydrogen containing compound
WO2002040395A1 (en) Method of manufacturing hydrogen
Palmer et al. Low-Toxicity Reactive Hypergolic Fuels for Use with Hydrogen Peroxide
JP2003089590A (en) Solid fuel and hybrid propellant
JP3032377B2 (en) Ramjet engine ignition means
COHEN Combustion considerations in fuel-rich propellant systems.
Mohammed et al. Study of burning rate characteristics of propellants containing Al–Mg alloy nanopowder
US3158992A (en) Propulsion process using phosphorus and metallic fuel
US3167908A (en) Rocket propellant system
US3181937A (en) Rocket hydrofuel container with chemical heating device
US3613371A (en) Hypergolic bipropellant propulsion process using boron components
US20030089823A1 (en) Method for powering a drive

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP