WO2001071943A1 - Procede de protection contre la saturation de la puissance en direct d'un systeme de telecommunication amcr et dispositif de commande de la puissance - Google Patents

Procede de protection contre la saturation de la puissance en direct d'un systeme de telecommunication amcr et dispositif de commande de la puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001071943A1
WO2001071943A1 PCT/CN2001/000335 CN0100335W WO0171943A1 WO 2001071943 A1 WO2001071943 A1 WO 2001071943A1 CN 0100335 W CN0100335 W CN 0100335W WO 0171943 A1 WO0171943 A1 WO 0171943A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power control
power
transmission power
base station
saturation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2001/000335
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2001071943A8 (fr
Inventor
Yanmin Qin
Xiaoping Li
Xu Fu
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP01919111A priority Critical patent/EP1267499B1/en
Priority to JP2001569998A priority patent/JP4278902B2/ja
Priority to AU2001246349A priority patent/AU2001246349A1/en
Priority to DE60136445T priority patent/DE60136445D1/de
Publication of WO2001071943A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001071943A1/zh
Publication of WO2001071943A8 publication Critical patent/WO2001071943A8/zh
Priority to US10/252,741 priority patent/US6944471B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W52/265—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the quality of service QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/22—TPC being performed according to specific parameters taking into account previous information or commands
    • H04W52/221—TPC being performed according to specific parameters taking into account previous information or commands using past power control commands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
    • H04W52/346—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading distributing total power among users or channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/54—Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure
    • H04W52/545—Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure modifying TPC bits in special situations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fixed step power control method in a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system, and more particularly to a saturation protection method in a CDMA system with fixed step forward power control. Background technique
  • a DS-CDMA Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access
  • different users work on the same frequency at the same time, and the system communicates by allocating different codewords to each user.
  • This type of communication makes the capacity and performance of the system to a large extent dependent on the interference experienced by the user.
  • any method to reduce the interference suffered by users will improve the performance of the system.
  • Power control technology as an effective means to reduce the interference between the channels of the system, has become a key technology of the CDMA communication system.
  • Power control methods can be divided into continuous power control and fixed step power control. From the results of theoretical analysis, continuous power control has better performance than fixed-step power control. However, considering the complexity of implementation, the fixed-step power control method will still become the method of power control implementation in actual systems. The present invention will study a fixed step power control method.
  • the resource allocation to users is actually the allocation of the base station's total transmit power among different users.
  • the principle of power control is to allocate the minimum power required by each user based on the transmission power control instruction (hereinafter referred to as the TPC instruction) obtained by detecting the quality of the received signal on the premise of ensuring the communication quality of each user.
  • the transmit power allocated by the base station continues to increase, and eventually reaches the maximum transmit power of the base station.
  • the forward power control enters a saturated state. Under this condition, the base station cannot obtain additional transmit power to meet the TPC instruction requirements of users in the cell.
  • forward power control requires a saturation protection method that balances the transmit power to all users while meeting the basic principles of power control.
  • the first method is to use a certain handover method to switch some users to neighboring cells. This is actually a mobile station relocation strategy. Although this method will not affect other users in the system, due to the specific location of the mobile station, this handover is not all feasible. For example, users entering deep fading are far away from other cells, or neighboring cells have reached the full load state, and they cannot provide the channels required for handover.
  • the second method is to use a certain saturation protection method to allocate the limited power to the most needed users as much as possible, and use a slight decrease in the performance of other users to ensure that the call quality of all users can be accepted.
  • Saturation protection methods will lead to a reduction in user quality, but they are generally feasible compared to relocation strategies.
  • the transmission power of all users is reduced.
  • the transmission power of all users is reduced by a fixed value Dl to see if the requirements are met. If the requirements are met, the saturation state is left. Otherwise, the transmit power of all users will be reduced by Dl to see if it meets the requirements. This continues until the requirements are met.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a saturation protection method and power control device for adjusting power based on a fixed step size in order to solve the shortcomings of the existing forward power control saturation protection method.
  • the method proves that the performance is good and can satisfy The requirement of fixed step size adjustment can simultaneously balance the transmit power to all users while meeting the basic principles of power control, and make a timely response to users who urgently need to increase power.
  • the forward power saturation protection method of a code division multiple access communication system is applied to a fixed step forward power control of a code division multiple access communication system, which is characterized by including the following steps:
  • the base station receives the transmission power control instruction (TPC instruction) of all users in each time slot, and then performs power adjustment according to the transmission power control instruction (TPC instruction) to determine the transmission power for each mobile user.
  • TPC instruction transmission power control instruction
  • the time slot will add the adjusted transmit power of all mobile users to determine whether it has entered the saturation state;
  • the power is adjusted according to the determined power; otherwise, the system enters a saturation state, and at this time, a saturation protection process is started;
  • a transmission power control instruction (TPC instruction) register is set up at the base station corresponding to each user;
  • a power control device based on the above-mentioned saturation protection method includes: a base station part and a mobile station part; the base station part includes: a base transceiver station for sending and receiving signals; the mobile station part It includes a mobile station transceiver that transmits and receives signals through an antenna.
  • the base station part further includes a transmission power control unit and a transmission power control instruction counter; the base station transceiver will receive signals from each mobile user.
  • the mobile station part also includes a quality detector and a transmission power control instruction (TPC instruction) Generator, quality detector is used to detect the power signal sent by the mobile transceiver, and send the detected signal to the transmission power control command (TPC command) generator, and the transmission power control command (TPC command) generator will transmit The power control command (TPC command) is transmitted to the base station transceiver through the mobile station transceiver.
  • TPC instruction transmission power control instruction
  • the above-mentioned power control device is characterized in that: the base station transmit power control unit is composed of a power control priority ordering unit, a fixed step power adjustment unit according to priority, a transmission power register, a transmission signal power summing unit, and saturation
  • the detection unit is composed of: the power control priority ranking unit is composed of multiple comparators, the signals are sorted by numerical value after comparison, and the sorting result is input to the adjustment unit; the adjustment unit is composed of several multipliers, and each multiplier corresponds to a user sending a signal;
  • the transmit power register stores the power in advance, and then reads and fetches according to the needs of the fixed step power adjustment unit according to the priority;
  • the transmitted signal power summing unit is an adder, and the fixed step power adjustment unit according to the priority will adjust All subsequent signals are input to the signal for simple summation, and then enter the saturation detection unit for saturation judgment; the saturation detection unit is a comparator, and the result of the comparison is input to a fixed step power adjustment unit according to the priority for further
  • the transmission power control instruction counter is an accumulator. Since the present invention adopts the above technical solution and introduces the concept of user power boost priority, it is guaranteed that after the system enters the saturation mode, limited power can be preferentially allocated to users who need the power boost to maintain communication, thereby avoiding power It is allocated to users who require power increase due to random fluctuations in SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio) due to power control.
  • the priority-based power control method can quickly compensate the user for the serious deterioration of channel quality caused by deep fading.
  • such a method can balance the even distribution of power among users, and is useful for users who urgently need to increase power. Give a timely response. Overview of the drawings
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a mobile station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of a base station transmit power control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a saturation protection method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of the outage probability comparison of the performance parameters of the present invention using the forward power control simulation model and the prior art method.
  • the code division multiple access communication system of the present invention is a unified forward saturation protection method and a power control device thereof, and is applied to the fixed step forward power control of the code division multiple access communication system, including: a base station part and a mobile station part.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a base station according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a mobile station according to the present invention.
  • the base station part includes: a base transceiver station 11 for transmitting and receiving signals; the base station part further includes a transmission power control unit 12 and a plurality of transmission power control instruction counters 13; the base station transceiver 11 will receive The signals TPC ⁇ TPC N of the mobile users are sent to the corresponding transmission power control instruction counters 13 and are simultaneously transmitted to the transmission power control unit 12; the signals output from the transmission power control instruction counters 13 are also transmitted to the transmission power at the same time.
  • the mobile station part includes the mobile station transceiver 21 that transmits and receives signals through the antenna, and also includes a quality Detector 22 and a transmission power control command (TPC command) generator 23;
  • quality detector 22 is a comparator for detecting the power signal sent by the mobile station transceiver 21 and sending the detected signal to the transmission power
  • the control command (TPC command) generator 23 is configured to transmit power by the transmission power control command (TPC command) generator.
  • the rate control command (TPC command) is transmitted to the base station transceiver 11 through the mobile station transceiver 21.
  • the base station extracts the TPC information in the received signal, enters the TPC instruction counter for counting and the base station transmit power control unit performs the next power adjustment.
  • the transmission signal enters the base station transmission power control unit, and is output to the base station transceiver through power adjustment under the priority control, and is transmitted.
  • the antenna receives the signals from the mobile stations in the cell and feeds them to the base transceiver station.
  • the base transceiver station will extract the received signals, that is, the TPC included in the received signals. Instruction Information is separated from other information.
  • the base transceiver station sends the TPC instruction to the TPC instruction counter corresponding to each mobile station and the base station transmit power control unit.
  • the base station's TPC instruction counter corresponding to each mobile station sets a counting device for each mobile user.
  • the TPC instruction counter of the base station is responsible for recording the TPC characteristics transmitted by each mobile station. In fact, the continuous recording is recorded in the counter.
  • the number of times the mobile station has requested to increase the power that is, the number of times the TPC instruction is 1.
  • the content of the counting device corresponding to the mobile user is increased by 1 on the basis of the original value. If the received TPC instruction is 0, the corresponding TPC is increased.
  • the counting device is reset to zero.
  • the base station transmit power control unit makes a saturation decision according to the received TPC instruction.
  • the process can sum the adjusted transmission power in the previous time slot length at any time in units of time slots, and then compare it with a saturation threshold. If the sum result exceeds the saturation threshold, it is judged to be saturated. Mode, if the summation result does not exceed the saturation threshold, it is judged that the system has not entered the saturation mode. Thereby avoiding the synchronization problem of adjustment.
  • the base station transmit power control unit 12 includes a power control priority ordering unit 121, a priority-adjusted step power adjustment unit 122, a transmit power register 123, a transmit signal power summing unit 124, and a saturation.
  • the detection unit 125 is composed.
  • the power control priority sorting unit 121 may be composed of multiple comparators, and the signals are sorted by numerical value after comparison, and the sorting result is input to the adjustment unit 122 according to the priority signal; in the present invention, the difference is determined according to the history of the received TPC instruction.
  • User priority The user's priority reflects the current deterioration of user reception quality. The higher the priority, the more severe the degradation of the received signal quality.
  • the adjusting unit 122 is composed of a plurality of multipliers, and each multiplier corresponds to a user transmission signal TPC1—TPCN; the transmission power register 123 stores the power in advance, and then reads and fetches as needed (starting in a saturated case); An adder; the saturation detection unit 125 is a comparator, and the result of the comparator is input to the adjustment unit for further power adjustment.
  • the power control priority sorting unit determines the power boost priority of all transmitted signals according to the counting results of the N TPC instruction counters. The larger the value of the counter, the higher the corresponding priority.
  • the power control priority sorting unit inputs the sorting result into a fixed step power adjusting unit.
  • the saturation detection unit is responsible for detecting whether the total output power at the base end exceeds the maximum transmission power of the base station, and returns the signal that exceeds the fixed step size adjustment unit. If it exceeds, it returns 1, otherwise it returns 0.
  • the transmit power register is responsible for recording the last transmit power value, and this value is taken by the fixed step adjustment unit when needed.
  • the fixed step power adjustment unit will perform power adjustment based on TPC1 ⁇ TPCN, all transmitted signal values, priority of all transmitted signals, saturation detection results, and the like. If the information from the saturation detection unit is 0, then the power is directly adjusted according to the requirements of TPC1 ⁇ TPCN, that is, TPOI, and the corresponding signal is fixed at a fixed step size. Increase, otherwise, decrease the corresponding signal by a fixed step, and adjust the signal s after power. utl ⁇ s. utN directly outputs and enters the transceiver of the base station.
  • the signal power with the lowest priority is reduced by the power step size, and the priority of this signal is increased by 1 level;
  • the power is directly taken from the value in the transmit power register.
  • the transmission power register is reset according to the current transmission power; on the other hand, all the adjusted signals are input to the transmission power summing unit.
  • This transmission signal enters the transmission signal power summation unit, performs simple summation, and enters the saturation detection unit again to perform saturation judgment.
  • This saturation control method can ensure that limited power is allocated to users whose communication quality is truly degraded, and can quickly compensate users for the serious deterioration of channel quality due to deep fading. In addition, such a method can balance power between users Evenly distributed among them, to respond in time to users who urgently need to increase power. '
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a saturation protection method according to the present invention. This process is mainly performed in the base station control unit.
  • a TPC instruction recorder is set up for each mobile user.
  • the base station control unit performs power adjustment in the normal manner, and then makes a saturation mode decision.
  • the TPC instruction is sent, the count value in the TPC recorder is updated, and the priority is determined according to the size of the count value. If the judgment enters the saturation mode, the transmit power of the user with the lowest priority is reduced and then returned to the decision module.
  • the priority of the user who has just been reduced is changed (you can change the priority by The counter value is increased by 1 to increase its priority), and the priority of all users is reordered. It is then determined whether the saturation mode is pushed, and if the saturation mode is exited, the transmission is performed according to the latest transmission power. If the saturation mode is still not exited, the power of the user with a lower priority is reduced again until finally exiting the saturation mode.
  • the function of the delay module is to delay one power adjustment cycle.
  • the base station transmit power control unit will perform operations such as power adjustment, saturation judgment, and saturation protection on the transmitted signals to each mobile station according to the received TPC instructions and the results of each TPC instruction counter according to the flow of FIG. 4. It can be seen from the figure that the base station transmit power control unit implements centralized control of each transceiver, which is conducive to optimal allocation of the entire system resources.
  • the base station power transmission control unit is responsible for the saturation decision process and the saturation protection method.
  • Saturation decision process The base station will receive the TPC instructions of all users in each time slot, and then perform power adjustment according to the instructions of the TPC to determine the transmit power for each mobile user. The base station will adjust the transmit power for all users in each time slot. The rates are added to determine whether it is in a saturated state. If the total power value after the addition is less than a predetermined threshold, the adjustment is performed according to the determined power. Otherwise, the system goes into saturation. At this time, the saturation protection method is started.
  • the TPC command received by the base station is often asynchronous, and as soon as the base station receives the TPC command returned by a mobile user, it needs to adjust the transmit power to the user.
  • we will be able to determine whether the base station's transmit power is saturated at any time, using time slots as a unit, thereby avoiding adjustment synchronization problems.
  • the base station When the base station is in a saturated state, the main contradiction is that the user's requirement to increase power is greater than the ability of the base station to provide power. Therefore, in order to effectively use power, we need to allocate the limited power as much as possible to the users who need to increase the power as much as possible, that is, we should prioritize the power to users whose channel quality does deteriorate, and avoid the priority allocation of power. For users whose communication quality is temporarily deteriorated due to the random jitter of the channel. Therefore, we need to set priorities for users who require power increase and allocate user power in the order of priority.
  • the sum of the TPC instructions received by the base station is relevant, so we can use the TPC instructions received in the past to establish the user's priority. The specific method is as follows:
  • a TPC instruction recorder is set up at the base station corresponding to each user i. This recorder is actually an accumulator.
  • the users who need to increase power are sorted according to the value of the instruction counter.
  • the above method is based on the following assumptions: If a user continuously requests to increase power within a certain period of time, the current user's instruction to increase power has the highest priority.
  • the priority-based power control method can quickly compensate users for the serious deterioration of channel quality caused by deep fading. In addition, such a method can balance the even distribution of power among users, and make a timely reaction.
  • the present invention is performed in any time slot: the base station transmission power control instruction counter records the transmission power control characteristics transmitted by each mobile station; the base station transmission power control unit makes a saturation judgment according to the received transmission power control instruction; Sum the adjusted transmission power in the previous slot length and compare it with a saturation threshold. If the sum exceeds the saturation threshold, it is judged to enter the saturation mode. If the sum result does not exceed the saturation threshold, it is judged The system does not enter the saturation mode; according to the received transmission power control instructions Order history records to determine the priorities of different users; if it is determined that the system enters a saturated state, the transmit power to different users is adjusted according to the different priorities of the users, and eventually the system exits the saturated state. '
  • FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of the outage probability comparison of the performance parameters of the present invention using the forward power control simulation model and the prior art method.
  • the performance parameters of the various methods are characterized by outage probability.
  • Figure 5 shows the outage probability performance curves of the three methods under different fading user conditions (20 users are selected in this embodiment). Its ordinate is the interrupt power performance, and its abscissa is three different methods.
  • Method 1 is the method proposed by the present invention
  • Method 2 is the method used by the high-power users to reduce the transmit power mentioned in this application document
  • Method 3 is all users used in the prior art mentioned in this application document Method of evenly descending.
  • the four parts of each method in the figure respectively represent: 1 is stationary; 2 is the saturation protection performance under the condition of deep attenuation of two mobile users; 3 is the saturation protection performance under the condition of deep attenuation of three users ; 4 is one of the users' saturation protection performance under deep weakening conditions.
  • the effect of the method of the present invention is obviously better than the method of reducing saturation protection in the prior art by using the next transmission power in proportion to the existing transmission power (Method 3).
  • High power users reduce the effect of the transmit power saturation protection method (Method 2).
  • the power adjustment of the present invention is based on a fixed step size, so it can meet the needs of fixed step power adjustment.
  • Through the saturation decision process and saturation protection process it is guaranteed that limited power is allocated to users whose communication quality is really degraded, and the user's severe deterioration of channel quality due to deep fading can be quickly compensated; at the same time, this method can balance power between users Evenly distributed among them, to respond in time to users who urgently need to increase power.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
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Description

码分多址通讯系统前向功率饱和保护方法及功率控制装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种 CDMA (码分多址)系统中固定步长功率控制方法， 尤其涉及一种 CDMA系统固定步长前向功率控制中的饱和保护方法。 背景技术
在 DS- CDMA (直接序列码分多址)系统中， 不同用户同时同频工作， 系统通过为每 个用户分配不同的码字来进行通信。这种通信方式， 使得系统的容量和性能在很大程 度上取决于用户所受到的干扰。 在 CDMA系统中， 任何减小用户所受干扰的方法都将 使得系统的性能得到提高， 功率控制技术作为减少系统信道间干扰的一种有效手段， 已经成为 CDMA通信系统的一种关键技术。
功率控制方法可分为连续功率控制和固定步长功率控制。 从理论分析的结果来 看， 连续功率控制比固定步长功率控制性能优越， 但出于对实现复杂度的考虑， 固定 步长的功率控制方法仍将成为实际系统中功率控制实施的方法。本发明将对固定步长 功率控制方法进行研究。
在前向链路的功率控制中，对用户进行的资源分配，实际上就是基站总发射功率 在不同用户之间的分配。功率控制的原则是在保证每一用户通信质量的前提下， 根据 每个用户通过检测接收信号质量而获得的传输功率控制指令（以下简称 TPC指令)为其 分配所需最小功率。
随着小区中接入用户数量的不断增加，基站分配的发射功率不断的增加，最终达 到基站的最大发射功率， 此时前向功率控制迸入饱和状态。在这种条件下， 基站无法 获取额外的发射功率来满足小区中用户的 TPC指令需求。此时， 前向功率控制需要一 种饱和保护方法， 在满足功率控制基本原则的条件下平衡对所有用户的发射功率。
前向功率控制的饱和状态有两种情况： 1)由于信道中的阴影衰落， Rayleigh衰落的影响， 功率控制的平衡只能是一种 动态的平衡， 在稳定状态下用户的平衡参数 (功率或 SIR)仍然保持波动。 当小区工作 在近似满负荷的条件下时，平衡参数的波动而引发功率要求可能会导致用户要求的总 发射功率超过了基站的总发射功率的限制。
2)当基站工作在近似满负荷条件下时，如果小区中有一用户进入深衰落，用户接 收质量急剧恶化， 用户要求基站分配更多的功率。 此时基站进入饱和状态。
在这两种情况下， 可以采用的方法有两种。 '
第一种方法是采用一定的切换方法，将部分用户切换到邻近小区。这实际上是一 种移动台的搬移策略。虽然这种方法不会对系统中其他用户产生影响， 但是由于移动 台的具体位置， 这种切换并不是都可行。 比如， 进入深衰落的用户距离其他小区均很 远， 或者邻近小区均达到了满负荷状态， 无法提供切换所需要的信道等。
第二种方法就是采用一定的饱和保护方法，将有限的功率尽可能的分配给最需要 的用户， 用其他用户性能的轻微下降来保证所有用户通话质量能够被接受。饱和保护 方法将导致用户质量降低， 但与搬移策略相比， 具有普遍可行性。
目前， 有关前向功率控制的饱和保护研究较少， 根据 NEC公司的美国专利 (专利 号 US5794129)和 OKI电话公司的美国专利（专利号 US5689815)等文献的记载，现有方 法主要有以下几种：
(1)对所有用户的发射功率均勾降低。 在本方法中， 一旦进入饱和状态， 将对所 有用户的发射功率降低某一固定值 Dl，看是否满足要求。如果满足要求， 则离开饱和 状态。否则， 再将对所有用户的发射功率降低 Dl， 看是否满足要求。如此下去， 直至 满足要求为止。
(2)将大功率用户降低发射功率。 在本方法中， 需要确定一发射功率的门限， 大 于此门限的用户定义为大功率用户。 一旦进入饱和状态， 将对大功率用户的发射功率 降低某一固定值 D2， 看是否满足要求。如果满足要求， 则离开饱和状态。 否则， 在将 对大功率用户的发射功率降低 D2， 看是否满足要求。 如此下去， 直至满足要求为止。
(3)将下一发射功率与现有发射功率成比例降低。 在本方法中， 一旦进入饱和状 态， 将对所有用户的发射功率按照某一固定比例值 C降低， 看是否满足要求。 如果满 足要求， 则离开饱和状态。 否则， 在将对所有用户的发射功率以 C为比例值降低， 看 是否满足要求。 如此下去， 直至满足要求为止。 在以上所列举的现有的技术中， 第一种方法通过仿真证明性能较差（以下仿真论 证）。 第二种方法中选取合适的大功率用户门限值非常重要， 不合适的门限值选取将 降低系统的性能， 因此实现起来较为复杂。 第三种方法不能满足固定步长调整的要 求。
本发明的目的是为了解决现有前向功率控制的饱和保护方法的缺陷而提出的一 种基于固定步长调整功率的饱和保护方法及其功率控制装置，该方法仿真证明性能较 好， 能满足固定步长调整的要求， 同时可在满足功率控制基本原则的条件下平衡对所 有用户的发射功率， 对急需提升功率的用户做出及时的反应。 发明内容
为了实现以上的目的， 本发明采取的技术方案是：
码分多址通讯系统前向功率饱和保护方法，应用在码分多址通讯系统的固定步长 前向功率控制中， 其特点是， 包括以下步骤：
1)饱和判决过程：
基站在每个时隙接收所有用户的传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令）， 然后按照该传输 功率控制的指示 (TPC指令)进行功率调整， 以确定对每个移动用户的发射功率； 基站在每个时隙将调整后的对所有移动用户发射功率进行相加，判断是否进入饱 和状态；
如果相加之后的总功率值小于预定门限， 则按照确定的功率迸行调整； 否则， 系 统进入饱和状态， 此时， 启动饱和保护过程；
2)饱和保护过程：
( 1 )在基站对应于每一个用户设立一传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令)记数器；
(2)根据指令记数器接收到的指令， 如果收到的传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令） 是升功率指令， 则指令计数器的值加 1; 如果收到的传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令)是 降功率指令， 则指令计数器复位；
(3 ) 当基站进入饱和状态后， 对要求提升功率的用户按照各自指令计数器的值 进行排序， 对指令计数器上的值大的移动用户优先给予提高发射功率。
一种基于上述饱和保护方法的功率控制装置，该装置包括：基站部分和移动台部 分； 所述的基站部分包括： 基站收发信机， 用于发送和接收信号； 所述的移动台部分 包括通过天线收发信号的移动台收发信机； 其特点是， 所述的基站部分还包括发射功 率控制单元和传输功率控制指令计数器；所述的基站收发信机将接收到的各移动用户 的信号发送给各对应的传输功率控制指令计数器， 并同时送到发射功率控制单元； 从 各传输功率控制指令计数器输出的信号也同时送到发射功率控制单元；发射功率控制 单元经判决后再输出各相应的调整后的功率到基站收发信机，再由基站收发信机将该 功率信号发射到移动台收发信机；所述移动台部分还包括一质量检测器和一传输功率 控制指令 (TPC指令)产生器， 质量检测器用于检测移动台收发信机发出的功率信号， 并将检测后的信号送到传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令)产生器， 由传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令)产生器将传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令)通过移动台收发信机发送到基站收 发信机。
上述一种功率控制装置，其特点是：所述的基站发射功率控制单元由功控优先级 排序单元、 按照优先级的固定步长功率调整单元、 发送功率寄存器、发送信号功率求 和单元、 饱和检测单元组成； 功控优先级排序单元由多个比较器组成， 信号经比较按 数值大小排序， 排序结果输入到调整单元； 调整单元由若干乘法器组成， 每一个乘法 器对应一个用户发送信号； 发送功率寄存器预先存贮功率， 再根据按照优先级的固定 步长功率调整单元的需要进行读、 取； 发送信号功率求和单元是一个加法器， 按照优 先级的固定步长功率调整单元将调整后的所有信号输入到该进行简单求和，再进入饱 和检测单元进行饱和判决； 饱和检测单元是一个比较器， 将比较的结果再输入到按照 优先级的固定步长功率调整单元， 进行进一步的调整。
上述一种功率控制装置， 其中： 所述的传输功率控制指令计数器是一个累加器。 由于本发明采用了以上的技术方案，引入了用户功率提升优先级的概念，保证在 系统 入饱和模式后， 能将有限的功率优先分配给最需要提升功率来维持通信的用 户， 从而避免将功率分配给那些由于功率控制使得 SIR (信号干扰比)发生随机波动而 要求提升功率的用户。另外， 基于优先级的功率控制方法可以迅速补偿用户由于深衰 落而导致的信道质量的严重恶化， 并且， 这样一种方法能够平衡功率在用户之间的均 勾分配， 对急需提升功率的用户做出及时的反应。 附图概述
为进一步了解本发明的性能、 特征， 现结合以下实施例及其附图详细说明如下。 图 1是本发明实施例的基站结构框图。
图 2是本发明实施例的移动台结构框图。
图 3是本发明实施例的基站发射功率控制单元的结构框图。
图 4是本发明饱和保护方法流程图。
图 5是本发明采用前向功率控制仿真模型后与已有技术方法的性能参数比较的 中断概率表征图。
本发明的最佳实施方案
请参阅附图。本发明码分多址通讯系'统前向饱和保护方法及其功率控制装置，应 用在码分多址通讯系统的固定步长前向功率控制中， 包括： 基站部分和移动台部分。
图 1是本发明基站结构框图， 图 2是本发明移动台结构框图。所述的基站部分包 括：基站收发信机 11，用于发送和接收信号； 所述的基站部分还包括一发射功率控制 单元 12和多个传输功率控制指令计数器 13；基站收发信机 11将接收到的各移动用户 的信号 TPC Γ TPC N发送给各对应的传输功率控制指令计数器 13， 并同时送到发射 功率控制单元 12; 从各传输功率控制指令计数器 13输出的信号也同时送到发射功率 控制单元 12; 发射功率控制单元 12经判决后再输出各相应的功率 Soutr SoutN到基 站收发信机 11 ; 所述的移动台部分包括通过天线收发信号的移动台收发信机 21， 还 包括一质量检测器 22和一传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令)产生器 23;质量检测器 22是 一个比较器， 用于检测移动台收发信机 21发出的功率信号， 并将检测后的信号送到 传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令)产生器 23， 由传输功率控制指令 (TPC指令)产生器将传 输功率控制指令 (TPC指令)通过移动台收发信机 21发送到基站收发信机 11。
在基站内， 一方面， 基站将接收信号中的 TPC信息提取出来， 进入 TPC指令计数 器进行计数和基站发射功率控制单元进行下一次功率调整。另一方面， 发送信号进入 基站发射功率控制单元， 通过优先级控制下的功率调整， 输出到基站收发信机， 进行 发送。
在图 1中， 天线接收从小区中各移动台发来的信号， 并将其馈送至基站收发信 机， 在基站收发信机将对接收到的信号进行抽取， 即将接收信号中所包含的 TPC指令 信息和其它信息进行分离。基站收发信机将 TPC指令送到各移动台对应的 TPC指令计 数器和基站发射功率控制单元。
基站对应各移动台的 TPC指令计数器对每个移动用户设置一个计数装置，基站的 TPC指令计数器负责将各移动台发射来的 TPC特征进行记录， 实际上， 在记数器中记 录的是连续收到移动台要求提升功率的次数， 即 TPC指令为 1的次数。 当接收到的某 个移动用户的 TPC指令为 1时，则将与该移动用户相对应的计数装置内容在原值的基 础上增 1 , 如果接收到的 TPC指令为 0， 则将对应的 TPC计数装置复位为 0。
基站发射功率控制单元根据接收到的 TPC指令进行饱和判决。其过程可以在任何 时间， 以时隙为单位， 对前一段时隙长度内的调整后发射功率求和， 然后将其与一饱 和门限进行比较， 如果求和结果超过饱和门限， 则判断进入饱和模式， 如果求和结果 没有超过饱和门限， 则判断系统没有进入饱和模式。 从而避免了调整的同步问题。
参见图 3，基站发射功率控制单元 12由一功控优先级排序单元 121、一按照优先 级的固定步长功率调整单元 122、 一发送功率寄存器 123、 一发送信号功率求和单元 124、 一饱和检测单元 125组成。 其中， 功控优先级排序单元 121可由多个比较器组 成， 信号经比较按数值大小排序， 排序结果按优先信号输入到调整单元 122; 本发明 中根据接收到的 TPC指令的历史记录来确定不同用户优先级。用户的优先级反映了当 前用户接收质量的恶化程度。 优先级越高的用户表示其接收信号质量下降得越厉害。 调整单元 122由若干乘法器组成， 每一个乘法器对应一个用户发送信号 TPC1— TPCN; 发送功率寄存器 123预先存贮功率， 再根据需要 (在饱和情况下启动)读、 取； 求和单 元 124是一个加法器； 饱和检测单元 125是一个比较器， 比较器的结果输入到调整单 元， 进行迸一步的功率调整。
功控优先级排序单元根据 N个 TPC指令计数器的计数结果，确定所有发送信号的 功率提升优先级， 计数器的值越大， 相应优先级越高。 功控优先级排序单元将排序结 果输入固定步长功率调整单元。饱和检测单元负责检测基端的输出总功率是否超过了 基站的最大发射功率， 并将是否超过的信号返回固定步长调整单元， 若超过返回 1， 否则返回 0。 发送功率寄存器负责记录上次的发射功率值， 该值在需要是由固定步长 调整单元取用。固定步长功率调整单元将根据 TPC1〜TPCN、所有发送信号值、所有发 送信号的优先级、 饱和检测结果等， 进行功率调整。 如果来自饱和检测单元的信息为 0， 则按照 TPC1〜TPCN的要求直接进行功率调整， 即 ΤΡΟΙ , 将相应信号按固定步长 提高， 否则， 将相应信号按固定步长降低， 调整功率后的信号 s。utl〜s。utN直接输出， 进入基站收发信机， 如果来自饱和检测单元的信息为 1， 则将优先级最低的信号功率 按功率步长降低， 并将此信号优先级提高 1个等级； 同时， 其它信号的功率直接取用 发送功率寄存器中的值。 然后， 一方面， 按此次的发射功率重置发送功率寄存器； 另 一方面， 将调整后的所有信号输入发送功率求和单元。此发送信号进入发送信号功率 求和单元， 进行简单求和， 再次进入饱和检测单元进行饱和判决。
如果判断系统进入饱和状态，则根据用户的优先级的不同来调整对不同用户的发 射功率， 最终使系统退出饱和状态。这种饱和控制方法方法能够保证将有限的功率分 配给通信质量真正恶化的用户，并且可以迅速补偿用户由于深衰落而导致的信道质量 的严重恶化， 另外， 这样一种方法能够平衡功率在用户之间的均匀分配， 对急需提升 功率的用户做出及时的反应。 '
图 4是本发明饱和保护方法流程图。 这一过程主要在基站控制单元中执行。 首 先， 为各移动用户设置 TPC指令记录器。 当 TPC指令输入时， 基站控制单元就按照正 常方式进行功率调整， 然后进行饱和模式判决。在 TPC指令送入的同时， 对 TPC记录 器中的记数值进行更新， 并按照记数值大小进行优先级确定。 如果判决进入饱和模 式， 则将优先级最低的用户发射功率降低， 再返回判决模块， 同时， 为避免连续降低 该移动用户的发射功率， 将刚才被降低功率的用户的优先级改变 (可以通过将记数器 值加 1实现其优先级的提升）， 并且重新对所有用户的优先级排序。之后判断是否推 出饱和模式， 如果退出饱和模式， 则按照最新的发射功率进行发射。 如果仍然未退出 饱和模式， 则将优先级低的用户的功率再次降低， 直到最后退出饱和模式。 延时模块 的作用是延时一个功率调整周期。
基站发射功率控制单元将根据接收到的各 TPC指令和各 TPC指令计数器的结果按 照图 4的流程对面向各移动台的发射信号进行功率调整、 饱和判决及饱和保护等操 作。从图中可以看出， 基站发射功率控制单元对各收发信机实行集中控制这样有利于 对整个系统资源进行最优分配。
基站功率发射控制单元负责饱和判决过程和饱和保护方法。
1)饱和判决过程 - 基站将在每个时隙接收所有用户的 TPC指令，然后按照该 TPC的指示进行功率调 整， 以确定对每个移动用户的发射功率。基站将在每时隙对所有用户调整后的发射功 率进行相加， 判断是否进入饱和状态。 如果相加之后的总功率值小于预定门限， 则按 照确定的功率进行调整。 否则， 系统进入饱和状态。 此时， 启动饱和保护方法。
在实际系统中，基站接收到的 TPC指令经常是不同步的，而基站一接收到某移动 用户返回的 TPC指令后， 就需调整对该用户的发射功率。在这里， 我们将可以在任何 时间， 以时隙为单位， 来判断基站发射功率是否饱和， 从而避免了调整的同步问题。
2)饱和保护方法：
当基站处于饱和状态时，存在的主要矛盾就是用户提升功率的要求大于基站所能 够提供功率的能力。 因此， 为了有效的利用功率， 我们需要将有限的功率尽可能的分 配给最需要提升功率的用户， 也就是， 我们应该将功率优先分配给信道质量确实发生 恶化的用户，而避免将功率优先分配给由于信道的随机抖动而使通信质量短暂恶化的 用户。 因此， 我们需要对要求提升功率的用户设置优先级， 按照优先级的顺序分配用 户功率。 根据文献记载， 基站所接收到的 TPC指令的和具有相关性， 因此我们可以利 用以往收到的 TPC指令， 建立用户的优先级。 具体的方法如下：
( 1 )在基站对应于每一个用户 i设立一 TPC指令记录器 Counter 这种记录器 实际上就是一个累加器。
(2)如果收到的 TPC=1 (升功率指令）， 则指令计数器的值加 1。
(3) 如果收到的 TPO0 (降功率指令）， 则指令计数器复位。
(4) 当基站进入饱和状态后， 对要求提升功率的用户按照指令计数器的的值进 行排序， 指令计数器的值越大， 则用户获取功率的优先级越高。
如前所述， 上述方法是基于如下假设： 如果在一段时间内， 用户连续请求提升功 率， 则当前时刻用户提升功率的指令的优先级最高。基于优先级的功率控制方法可以 迅速补偿用户由于深衰落而导致的信道质量的严重恶化， 并且， 这样一种方法能够平 衡功率在用户之间的均匀分配， 对急需提升功率的用户做出及时的反应。
实际上，本发明是在任何时隙内进行：基站传输功率控制指令计数器将各移动台 发射来的传输功率控制特征进行记录；基站发射功率控制单元根据接收到的传输功率 控制指令进行饱和判决； 对前一段时隙长度内的调整后发射功率求和， 然后将其与一 饱和门限进行比较， 如果求和结果超过饱和门限， 则判断进入饱和模式， 如果求和结 果没有超过饱和门限， 则判断系统没有进入饱和模式； 根据接收到的传输功率控制指 令的历史记录来确定不同用户优先级； 如果判断系统进入饱和状态， 则根据用户的优 先级的不同来调整对不同用户的发射功率， 最终使系统退出饱和状态。 '
图 5是本发明采用前向功率控制仿真模型后与已有技术方法的性能参数比较的 中断概率表征图。在图 5中， 各种方法的性能参数用中断概率表征。 中断概率的定义 为通信质量不满足一定条件的概率。 即为: Pout=Pr(q<h)其中 q为现阶段的通信质量 参数， h为质量门限。 在图 5中分别示出了三种方法在不同衰落用户数条件下的中断 概率性能曲线 (本实施例选择了 20个用户）。 其纵坐标为中断功率性能， 横坐标为三 种不同的方法。方法 1即是本发明提出的方法； 方法 2是本申请文件中提到的采用的 大功率用户降低发射功率的方法；方法 3是本申请文件中提到的已有技术中釆用的所 有用户均匀下降的方法。 图中每一方法的四个部份分别表示： ①是平稳状态； ②是其 中两个移动用户的深衰弱条件下的饱和保护性能；③是其中三个用户的深衰弱条件下 的饱和保护性能； ④是其中一个用户深衰弱条件下的饱和保护性能。 由图中可以看 出，本发明方法的效果明显优于已有技术中采用将下一发射功率与现有发射功率成比 例降低饱和保护的方法（方法 3) ， 同时又能达到采用复杂的将大功率用户降低发射 功率饱和保护方法（方法 2) 的效果。 工业应用性
本发明的功率调整是建立在固定步长的基础上，因此能够满足固定步长功率调整 的需求。通过饱和判决过程和饱和保护过程， 保证将有限的功率分配给通信质量真正 恶化的用户， 并可迅速补偿用户由于深衰落而导致的信道质量的严重恶化； 同时， 该 方法能平衡功率在用户之间的均匀分配， 对急需提升功率的用户做出及时的反应。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 码分多址通讯系统前向功率饱和保护方法， 应用在码分多址通讯系统的固定 步长前向功率控制中，. 其特征在于， 包括以下步骤：
1)饱和判决过程：
基站在每个时隙接收所有用户的传输功率控制指令，然后按照该传输功率控制的 指示进行功率调整， 以确定对每个移动用户的发射功率；
基站在每个时隙将调整后的对所有移动用户发射功率进行相加，判断是否进入饱 和状态；
如果相加之后的总功率值小于预定门限， 则按照确定的功率进行调整； 否则， 系 统进入饱和状态， 此时， 启动饱和保护过程；
2)饱和保护过程：
( 1 )基站对应于每一个用户设立一传输功率控制指令记数器；
(2)根据指令记数器接收到的指令， 如果收到的传输功率控制指令是升功率指 令， 则指令计数器的值加 1 ; 如果收到的传输功率控制指令是降功率指令， 则指令计 数器复位；
(3) 当基站进入饱和状态后， 对要求提升功率的用户按照各自指令计数器的值 进行排序， 对指令计数器上的值大的移动用户优先给予提高发射功率。
2、 一种基于上述功率饱和保护方法的功率控制装置， 该装置包括： 基站部分和 移动台部分； 所述的基站部分包括： 基站收发信机， 用于发送和接收信号； 所述的移 动台部分包括通过天线收发信号的移动台收发信机； 其特征在于，
所述的基站部分还包括一发射功率控制单元和多个传输功率控制指令计数器；所 述的基站收发信机将接收到的各移动用户的信号发送给各对应的传输功率控制指令 计数器， 并同时送到发射功率控制单元； 从各传输功率控制指令计数器输出的信号也 同时送到发射功率控制单元；发射功率控制单元经判决后再输出各相应的调整后的功 率到基站收发信机， 再由基站收发信机将该功率信号发射到移动台收发信机；
所述移动台部分还包括一质量检测器和一传输功率控制指令产生器，质量检测器 用于检测移动台收发信机发出的功率信号，并将检测后的信号送到传输功率控制指令 产生器， 由传输功率控制指令产生器将传输功率控制指令通过移动台收发信机发送到 基站收发信机。 3、根据权利要求 2所述的一种功率控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的基站发射功率 控制单元由功控优先级排序单元、 按照优先级的固定步长功率调整单元、 发送功率寄存器、 发送信号功率求和单元、.饱和检测单元组成； 功控优先级排序单元由多个比较器组成， 信号 经比较按数值大小排序， 排序结果输入到调整单元； 调整单元由若干乘法器组成， 每一个乘 法器对应一个用户发送信号； 发送功率寄存器预先存贮功率， 再根据按照优先级的固定步长 功率调整单元的需要进行读、 取； 发送信号功率求和单元是一个加法器， 按照优先级的固定 步长功率调整单元将调整后的所有信号输入到该进行简单求和，再进入饱和检测单元进行饱 和判决； 饱和检测单元是一个比较器， 将比较的结果再输入到按照优先级的固定步长功率调 整单元， 迸行迸一步的调整。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的一种功率控制装置， 其特征在于： 所述的传输功率控 制指令计数器是一个累加器。 '
PCT/CN2001/000335 2000-03-23 2001-03-19 Procede de protection contre la saturation de la puissance en direct d'un systeme de telecommunication amcr et dispositif de commande de la puissance WO2001071943A1 (fr)

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