WO2001061910A1 - Systeme pour transmettre des donnees au moyen d'une pluralite de canaux de transmission comportant une bande de protection entre chaque canal - Google Patents

Systeme pour transmettre des donnees au moyen d'une pluralite de canaux de transmission comportant une bande de protection entre chaque canal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001061910A1
WO2001061910A1 PCT/AT2001/000038 AT0100038W WO0161910A1 WO 2001061910 A1 WO2001061910 A1 WO 2001061910A1 AT 0100038 W AT0100038 W AT 0100038W WO 0161910 A1 WO0161910 A1 WO 0161910A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
filter
transmission
channels
participants
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PCT/AT2001/000038
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johann Pfeiffer
Original Assignee
Ericsson Ahead Communications Systems Gmbh
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ericsson Ahead Communications Systems Gmbh filed Critical Ericsson Ahead Communications Systems Gmbh
Priority to AU2001233478A priority Critical patent/AU2001233478A1/en
Priority to EP01905478A priority patent/EP1260048A1/fr
Publication of WO2001061910A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001061910A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2627—Modulators
    • H04L27/2628—Inverse Fourier transform modulators, e.g. inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2627—Modulators
    • H04L27/264—Pulse-shaped multi-carrier, i.e. not using rectangular window
    • H04L27/26416—Filtering per subcarrier, e.g. filterbank multicarrier [FBMC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
    • H04L27/2649—Demodulators
    • H04L27/26534—Pulse-shaped multi-carrier, i.e. not using rectangular window
    • H04L27/2654—Filtering per subcarrier, e.g. filterbank multicarrier [FBMC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5416—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by adding signals to the wave form of the power source

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for the transmission of data using a multiplicity (N) of transmission channels formed by spaced carrier frequencies on a line between a central point and a multiplicity of subscribers connected to the line at different branch points, with a transmission and Receiving part and each transmitting and receiving parts assigned to the participants, the transmitting parts each having a multiplex unit for dividing the data stream to be transmitted into data blocks, coding units, an inverse Fourier transformation filter bank formed from several identical prototype filters and the receiving parts each having one from several identical prototype filters formed Fourier transform filter bank, decoder units and a demultiplexer unit, and wherein the processing of the data stream to be transmitted within the inverse Fourier transform filter bank and the Fourier Transformation filter bank with a block length (M).
  • N multiplicity
  • M block length
  • a central point is arranged, for example, in the area of a transformer, from which data are sent via the existing mains power line to the power connections connected to it.
  • the power connections can be in households, commercial companies or any other pantograph.
  • the applicability of the invention is not limited to power line networks but is also given for other existing line networks.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a data transmission system of the type mentioned at the outset which enables interference-free transmission even when the network conditions change
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a data transmission system with which a transmission of data between a central point and participants at different distances, not synchronized with one another, is possible by means of frequency multiplex
  • the blocking attenuation between adjacent transmission channels is increased by increasing the block length, so that the interference influence of adjacent transmission channels is reduced to such an extent that interference-free block processing by feet - Transformation can be made
  • a filter preferably a low-pass filter, is provided in parallel with the output and / or input of each transmitting / receiving part, as a result of which the constant changes in impedance at the connection points of the line or in the area of the central point can be compensated for
  • the invention is preferably used for data transmission in power networks, it being possible to use an existing power line of a power network as the line for data transmission
  • the prototype filter can be designed as a low-pass filter
  • a communication channel formed from a relatively small number of carrier frequencies can be provided for the cyclical query of the need for the amount of data to be transmitted from the participants to the central location
  • the invention further relates to a method for transmitting information using a data transmission system according to the invention.
  • a corresponding number of carrier frequencies is assigned to each of the participants, depending on the determined transmission requirement of the participants.
  • the data rate of the information to be transmitted can be selected for each carrier frequency depending on the level of the carrier frequency.
  • Fig.l is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the data transmission system according to the Invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the central location according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the transmitting part of the central location according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the IFFT filter of the central location according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a receiving part of the central location according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of the FFT filter of the central location according to FIG. 1;
  • Fig.lOA a representation of a possible frequency division
  • Fig.lOB shows the transfer function of different prototype filters
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the data transmission system according to the invention.
  • 12 shows a block diagram for calculating an equalizer
  • 13 shows a diagram of the amount of the transfer functions between the central location and various subscribers
  • Fig. 14 is a diagram of the impulse responses that occur between the central location and different participants.
  • 21 shows a diagram of the signal-to-noise ratio achieved in the I-channels on the central side
  • 26 shows a diagram of the mean signal-to-noise ratio over all Q-channels on the central side
  • Fig. 28 shows a diagram of the mean signal-to-noise ratio over all I channels on the subscriber side.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system for transmitting data between a central point 1 and a large number of subscribers 2, 3, 4 and 5 connected to a line 10, which are connected to line 10 via feed lines at different branch points.
  • the data is separated by data traffic maintained in frequency division multiplex with a large number of N transmission channels formed by equidistant carrier frequencies.
  • the line is an already existing power line 10 of a power network, which is used for data traffic.
  • the central point 1 contains a transformer 12, which converts a high voltage present on its primary side into a low voltage, for example 220V.
  • the subscribers 2, 3 shown in FIG. 2 are each connected to the line 10 via a filter 14, 15 and a counter 16, 17.
  • the power supply connection of the subscribers is formed via the connection lines (not shown) which depart from the counters 16, 17, while the data traffic with the central point 1 takes place via a transceiver unit 18, 19 which is connected in parallel to the input of the filters 14, 15 are.
  • a filter 13 is connected between the transformer 12 and the connections of a transmitting / receiving part 11 of the central location 1.
  • each participant on the line 10 causes constant changes in impedance which have a negative effect on the quality of the data transmission.
  • the filters 13, 14 and 15 are intended to shield these impedance changes as much as possible and thus to ensure that the conditions on the line are as constant as possible.
  • the filters 13, 14 and 15 are therefore designed as low-pass filters, which block in the data transmission frequency range.
  • the data access to the transmitting / receiving unit 11 can take place via various interfaces, e.g. PCM according to ITU G.703, ATM, 10 or 100 Base T or the like.
  • the transmitting part of the transmitting / receiving part 11 is shown in FIG. 3 in the form of a block diagram.
  • the incoming serial data stream is multiplexed in a multiplex unit 25 and divided in such a way that a data block with the block length M is fed into several parallel branches, each branch being assigned to a carrier frequency.
  • N identical coding units 21, 22, 23, 24 are arranged in all branches, which code the data blocks in accordance with the modulation method used in each case.
  • the coded data blocks are fed to an inverse Fourier transform filter bank 20 and processed therein in blocks.
  • the number of carrier frequencies and thus the channels available is N.
  • two separate data streams can be transmitted in the in-phase (I) and in the quadrature-phase channel (Q).
  • a real-valued pulse amplitude modulation is transmitted via each of these channels.
  • the data blocks are divided into in-phase data blocks c '[n] and quadrature data blocks c Q [n].
  • One interpolation unit 26, 27, 28, 29 and one prototype filter 30, 31, 32, 33 as well as one mixing unit 34, 35, 36, 37 are provided for all in-phase and quadrature branches.
  • the prototype filters 30, 31, 32, 33 are identical except for a mutual phase shift.
  • Each information stream c [n] to be transmitted is first interpolated in the interpolation units 26, 27, 28, 29 with a factor 2M and then filtered with a prototype filter g [m] 30, 31, 32, 33.
  • the filtered signals are then ⁇ 1 in the mixing units 34, 35, 36, 37 by modulation with cos (- (k + -) m)
  • Summation unit 38 superimposed on the transmission signal, whereupon this is sent on line 10 to subscribers 2, 3, 4, 5.
  • the distance between two carrier frequencies 71 amounts - - A real-valued channel is created over each of the in-phase and quadrature channels
  • the block length M is greater than the number of transmission channels
  • M> N a filter can be implemented which has a damping of 3 dB at ⁇ / 2M and has already achieved a high barrier damping at ⁇ / 2N, as can be seen from FIG. 7.
  • the spectral efficiency is also reduced
  • FIG. 10A shows a possible form of channel division
  • Both the in-phase and the quadrature channel of a frequency band are only used for upstream or downstream data traffic.
  • the transmission in the other direction takes place in a different frequency band
  • the upstream and downstream data traffic are assigned to the in-phase and quadrature channels
  • the signal sent by the participants on line 10 is received by the receiving part of the transmitting / receiving part 11, as shown in FIG. 8 in the form of a block diagram.
  • the received signal is sent to a Fou ⁇ er transformation filter bank 40, and subsequently equalizers 41, 42 , 43, 44 and decoders 45, 46, 47 and 48, then reassembled in the correct order m of a demultiplexer unit 50 and fed to a subscriber terminal via an interface
  • FIG. 9 shows the Fou ⁇ er transformation filter bank 40 according to FIG. 8 in detail with equalizers 41, 42, 43, 44, the received signal being mixed up via mixing units 51, 52, 53, 54 in 2M lines and being demodulated separately.
  • the filter bank h [m] 55 , 56, 57, 58 consists of identical, frequency-shifted low-pass filters
  • h [m] and g [m] are possible, for example, as follows.
  • the calculation can be carried out using the eigenfilter method.
  • p [m] can be sputtered into a minimum and maximum phase component.
  • the minimum phase component corresponds to g [m]
  • each branch is not formed by a single filter on the transmitter and receiver side, but by a filter bank with several identical, phase-shifted prototype filters
  • the received signal is a superimposition from the transmission signals of all participants because the individual participants in different locations in different! Are arranged at a distance from the central point, the transmission links from the individual participants to the central point have different impulse responses and transit times. For this reason, it does not make sense to use an orthonormal set for the send and receive filters g [m] and h [m], because this is destroyed by the different impulse responses
  • scanning is carried out using scanning units 59, 60, 61, 62 with the Pe ⁇ ode 2M / L
  • equalizers work in symbol cycle If L is chosen greater than 1, e.g. 2 or 4, the equalizers work with double or quadruple symbol clock. In this case, the filtered signal must still be sampled with L. An equalizer with a higher clock rate makes sense, for example, if the sampling is not done with the correct phase
  • the receiver is implemented efficiently, not every individual branch is filtered with h [m], but efficient filter bank structures are used. In these structures, however, the signal is only accessed after scanning with 2M / L.
  • the transmission signals are the individual participants are distorted by different impulse responses with different transit times.If the individual participants are now not synchronized, the individual components of the received signal naturally have different phase positions.Sampling with 2M provides a signal with a symbol clock, but this can be out of phase.Therefore, the use of a clock-rate equalizer makes sense
  • the calculation of the equalizer is based on the block diagram shown in FIG. 12, the calculation of the equalizer for the in-phase channel of the jth carrier being shown.
  • the interpolation units 81, 82, 83, 84 and the low-pass filters 85 are on the transmission side , 86, 87, 88 of the transmitting part and filters 89, 90, 91, 92 corresponding to the impulse responses are provided
  • the equalizers for the individual carriers as well as for the I and Q channels can be calculated independently of one another.
  • the equalizers are calculated analogously to the I channels
  • the top branch in Fig. 12 represents the flow of the desired signal.
  • the filter g j [m] is the cosine-modulated prototype filter
  • the filter c ' j [m] is the impulse response of the in-phase channel from that participant to the central location 1, which transmits on channel j.
  • Each of these individual components is then folded with a filter c; [m] or c Q i [m], which corresponds to the impulse response of the corresponding transmission channel. Except for the first component mentioned, all other components act as noise. Receiving the message from a far-away subscriber can be problematic because it is already much more attenuated than the transmission signal from a nearby subscriber. This naturally occurs in a different frequency band and is strongly attenuated by the prototype filter h [m]. For this reason, a high blocking attenuation of h [m] is required.
  • the subscriber who sends in band i ⁇ j sends his data to the central office, but because all the subscribers are connected via a transmission medium, this signal in band j naturally has a disturbance effect.
  • the transmission path between the central point and the subscriber can already be heavily damped due to the large distance, while the transmission path from subscriber to subscriber has only a weak attenuation due to the short distance from one another.
  • high blocking attenuation of the prototype filter h (m) 55, 56, 57, 58 is decisive.
  • this overlay is filtered with h j [m].
  • This filter is the prototype filter h [m] modulated with cosine.
  • h Q j [m] which occurs when equalizing the Q channels, is the prototype filter modulated with sine.
  • the equalizer f ' j tm] may have K coefficients which are combined in the column vector f j .
  • the following linear system of equations can then be written for the equalizer coefficients
  • the L h L h matrix 1% is the autocorrelation matrix of the noise process rt [m].
  • L h is the length of the prototype filter h [m]. The following applies to the matrices D j and Df ⁇
  • the matrix Jj is defined as follows:
  • the column vector is sj
  • the line vector e Vj is one at position v, otherwise zero, I, - is the shift of the equalized signal c ⁇ m - v) compared to cj [ ⁇ ra].
  • the exemplary embodiment of the data transmission system according to the invention shown in FIG. 11 is examined below.
  • the central point 1 is connected to a total of eight subscribers 2, 3, ..., 8, 9 via the line 10, of which several
  • the continuous line 10 is e.g. as an AWG 24 cable and the branch lines 72, 73, ..., 78, 79 are e.g. designed as an AWG 26 cable.
  • FIG. 11 shows the distances between the individual connection points on line 10 and branch lines 72, 73, ..., 78, 79 are entered in meters. Both the input and the output impedance of all participants is assumed to be 50 ⁇ . Branch lines that are not terminated represent line ends 71 and 78 that are idling.
  • FIG. 13 shows the transmission functions up to 10 MHz that occur between the central point 1 and the subscribers 2, 3,... 8, 9.
  • Fig. 14 shows the impulse responses that occur between the central point and the participants 2, 3, ..., 8, 9.
  • the analog low-pass filters in the transmitting and receiving parts are already shown in FIG. 14 considered.
  • the cut-off frequency is 95 kHz
  • the CENELEC A frequency band is selected for transmission.
  • the voltage values to be observed for this are given in Fig. 15. According to the measurement specification, these voltage values must be measured with a load resistance of 50 ⁇ . If an average voltage value of 125 dB ⁇ V is assumed, this corresponds to a power density of 18 dBm at 50 ⁇ .
  • a total of sixteen carriers are used for data transmission between the eight participants 2, 3 ... 8, 9 of the exemplary embodiment examined, so that there are two carriers for each participant. This results in a bandwidth of per carrier
  • the investigated embodiment does not apply any additional modulation after the Fourier transformation and superimposition of the individual signals and thus works in the baseband.
  • the lowest two frequency bands occupy the frequency ranges from 0 to 5.2 kHz and from 5.2 kHz to 10.4 kHz and therefore must not be used for data transmission within the CENELEC A band. Therefore, 18 carriers must be provided, of which the bottom two are not modulated. About the analog filtering required in both the receiver and the transmitter, to which not here is discussed in more detail, two carriers are provided above the carriers used, which are also not modulated. This measure reduces the requirements for the steepness of the analog low-pass filter.
  • the sum of the carrier frequencies is thus twenty, of which sixteen are actually used for data transmission.
  • Two beams are provided below and above the beams used.
  • the upper frequency 104 kHz corresponds to half the Nyquist frequency. This results for the sampling period
  • the sixteen available frequency bands must now be divided between the eight participants. It is advantageous to supply the subscribers further away from the central location with the lower frequency bands in order to compensate for the increased cable loss.
  • the table shows the assignment of the frequency bands to the participants.
  • Each participant 2, 3, ..., 8, 9 communicates with the central location 1 via two frequency bands. Two variants were examined.
  • a first complete frequency band with in-phase and quadrature channels is used for the upstream connection and a second complete frequency band for the downstream connection.
  • the frequency bands with an even index for the downstream and those with an odd index for the upstream can be used. This method is referred to below as "even / odd”.
  • the in-phase channel of two frequency bands is used for the downstream connection and the quadrature channels for the upstream connection. This method is referred to below as "IQ"
  • the first embodiment is formed by a conventional low-pass filter, while for the second embodiment a 48-band filter is designed for ⁇ g * h ⁇ [m], the minimum-phase component g [m] and the maximum-phase component h [m] being spectrally factorized. is assigned.
  • M> N significantly reduces the filter requirements.
  • Both the ordinary low-pass filter and the 48-band filter can be calculated using the intrinsic filter method. In both cases, the cut-off limit is added
  • the filter length is 511.
  • Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 show the absolute frequency responses of the filters go [m], g ⁇ [m] and g 2 [m] for the low-pass filter (Fig.16) and the 48-band filter (Fig.17).
  • FIGS. 18 to 20 show the channel signal-to-noise ratios achieved which occur in the receiving part of the central point with different equalizer lengths.
  • the 48-band filter is used as the prototype filter.
  • the I / Q method is used and thus the upstream data is transmitted in the Q channels. Because the signal-to-noise ratio is observed on the central side, the signal-to-noise ratios of the Q channels are entered in FIGS. 18 to 20.
  • the central point transmits on the I-channels, so the signal-to-noise ratio within the I-channels is not important.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio is also observed at the central point, but the even / odd method is used.
  • the 48-band filter is again used as the prototype filter.
  • the upstream connection is transmitted in the Q channels of all frequency bands. As can be clearly seen, much better results can be obtained when using a 48-band filter.
  • 24 shows the signal-to-port distance within the I channels on the subscriber side.
  • the I / Q method is used to separate the upstream and downstream, that is, the downstream is transmitted in the I channels.
  • FIGS. 25 to 28 show the achievable signal-to-gate distances as a function of the noise power density N 0.
  • N 0 0 *
  • the curve also applies to the fact that only the channel from which the signal-to-gate distance is currently being calculated is transmitting. All other channels are not being modulated at this time. It is clear that it is not the white noise but the channel interference that is the main source of interference
  • Fig. 26 shows the mean signal-to-gate distance over all channels as a function of N 0
  • FIGS. 27 and 28 show the results obtained in the same simulation on the subscriber side. It can also be clearly seen here that the channel interference represents the main fault
  • a communication channel formed from a relatively small number of carrier frequencies is provided for cyclically querying the need for the amount of data to be transmitted from the participants to the central location
  • the upstream and downstream direction of the transmission capacity is determined and the distribution of the number of carrier frequencies is determined for each participant
  • a corresponding number of carrier frequencies is assigned to each of the participants.
  • the data rate of the information to be transmitted for each carrier frequency can also be selected depending on the level of the carrier frequency.This selection is particularly useful for increasing the signal transmission rate Carrier frequencies are generally less disturbed than higher carrier frequencies, which is why it makes sense to assign a higher bit rate to the lower frequency range of the carrier frequencies and to lower the data rate towards the upper frequency range of the carrier frequencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Discrete Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système pour transmettre des données au moyen d'une pluralité (N) de canaux de transmission formés par des porteuses séparées, sur une ligne (10), entre une station centrale (1) et une pluralité d'abonnés (2, 3,..., 8, 9) raccordés à la ligne (10) en différents points de branchement. Ce système comprend un partie d'émission et de réception (11), placée au niveau de la station centrale (1), et des parties d'émission et de réception (18, 19) associées à chacun des abonnés (2, 3,..., 8, 9). Les parties d'émission présentent chacune une unité de multiplexage (50) servant à répartir le flux de données à émettre en blocs de données, des unités de codage (21, 22, 23, 24), une banque de filtres à transformée de Fourier inverse (20), formée par plusieurs filtres prototypes identiques (30, 31, 32, 33). Les parties de réception présentent chacune une banque de filtres à transformée de Fourier (11), formée par plusieurs filtres prototypes identiques (55, 56, 57, 58), des unités de décodage (41, 42, 43, 44) et une unité de démultiplexage (50). Le traitement du flux de données à émettre, à l'intérieur de la banque de filtres à transformée de Fourier inverse et de la banque de filtres à transformée de Fourier s'effectue avec une longueur de bloc M supérieure au nombre N des canaux de transmission.
PCT/AT2001/000038 2000-02-18 2001-02-16 Systeme pour transmettre des donnees au moyen d'une pluralite de canaux de transmission comportant une bande de protection entre chaque canal WO2001061910A1 (fr)

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AU2001233478A AU2001233478A1 (en) 2000-02-18 2001-02-16 System for the transmission of data by means of multiple transmission channels with a protective band between each channel
EP01905478A EP1260048A1 (fr) 2000-02-18 2001-02-16 Systeme pour transmettre des donnees au moyen d'une pluralite de canaux de transmission comportant une bande de protection entre chaque canal

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AT0024800A AT408595B (de) 2000-02-18 2000-02-18 Datenübertragungssystem
ATA248/2000 2000-02-18

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