WO2001055739A1 - Procede et dispositif de controle d'un cable de telecommunication - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de controle d'un cable de telecommunication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001055739A1 WO2001055739A1 PCT/FR2001/000171 FR0100171W WO0155739A1 WO 2001055739 A1 WO2001055739 A1 WO 2001055739A1 FR 0100171 W FR0100171 W FR 0100171W WO 0155739 A1 WO0155739 A1 WO 0155739A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- currents
- conductive element
- amplitudes
- calculation
- downstream
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/083—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in cables, e.g. underground
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
- G01M3/18—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/181—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for cables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling a conductive element applicable to the location of a continuity fault in the conductive element.
- the present invention relates in particular to the control of the electrical continuity of the metallic screen of a telecommunication cable.
- the current telecommunications networks are produced by means of cables 1 of large section of the type represented in FIG. 1A, comprising several hundreds or thousands of electrical wires 2 isolated from each other by an appropriate covering and arranged in pairs. to form telephone pairs.
- the assembly is protected against electrical disturbances by a metal sheath, or screen 3, itself covered by a protective sheath 4 made of an electrically insulating material such as polyethylene, PVC, etc.
- Such telecommunication cables are subjected to various attacks, the most frequent of which are caused by lightning, rodents, road works, the friction of tree branches ... various attacks can lead to a tear 5 of the protective sheath and penetration of water into the cable.
- a defect in the insulation of the screen 3 from the earth shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1B by a resistance Rd, and leads to the appearance of a voltage.
- Vc or "screen potential", generated in particular by the combination of the metal of the screen 3 with water and various metal oxides.
- this complementary localization process consists in injecting into the screen of the doubtful cable portion two currents of distinct frequencies, measuring the currents at various points on the screen, then calculating the real part of at least one of the two currents to overcome the influence of the screen leakage capacity.
- a sudden drop in the real part of the current at a determined point on the cable makes it possible to locate the insulation fault.
- electrical continuity faults since the earth loop method makes it possible to detect a continuity fault in a network section without precise location of the point of discontinuity.
- Figure 2 schematically represents a network of cables telecommunications comprising a cable “A” comprising N wires, the end of which is connected by means of a splice box 10 to two cables “B” and “C” comprising N / 2 wires each.
- Cable B is itself connected by means of a splice box 11 to two cables “D” and “E” comprising N / 4 wires each.
- the screen of cable A is connected to the screens of cables B and C and the screen of cable B is connected to the screens of cables D and E.
- the screen of cable A is connected to earth at its point of origin by via an IMD1 device and the screens of cables C, D, E are connected to the earth at their end points via devices IMD2, IMD3, IMD4.
- the device IMD1 maintains the point of origin of the screen A connected to the ground while the devices IMD2, IMD3, IMD4 disconnect the end points of screens C, D, E.
- the device IMD4 measures the resistance of the loop formed by the resistance of the screens ABE, the earth resistance of the device IMDl and its own earth resistance. If the loop resistance is very high, this may mean that the ABE section has a continuity fault. However, the location of the continuity fault is not known. The fault can for example be located in one of the connection boxes 10, 11, and must be located to carry out the repair.
- the present invention aims to overcome this drawback.
- a general objective of the present invention is to provide a control method a conductive element applicable to the location of a fault in electrical continuity, which is precise, reliable and simple to implement.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a device for controlling a conductive element applicable to the location of a fault in electrical continuity, which is of reduced bulk and easy to use.
- the present invention is based on the observation that the complementary location method described in the aforementioned international application is also applicable to the location of continuity faults, by calculating the imaginary part of the dual-frequency current instead of calculating the part real. A purely capacitive current value is obtained which makes it possible to locate a continuity fault with great precision.
- the present invention provides a method for controlling a conductive element, applicable to the location of a continuity fault in the conductive element, the conductive element having, relative to a reference conductor, an insulation resistance and a leakage capacity distributed along the conductive element, the method comprising a step consisting in injecting into the conductive element at least two currents of distinct frequencies by means of a current or voltage generator, one terminal of which is connected to the reference conductor, at least one step of measuring the amplitudes of the currents at a measurement point chosen along the conductive element, and a step of calculating the imaginary part of at least one of the currents and / or calculating the leakage capacity of the conductive element downstream of the measurement point, from the measured amplitudes of the currents.
- the method comprises a plurality of steps for measuring the amplitudes of the currents at various measurement points, and a plurality of steps for calculating, after each measurement, the imaginary part of at least one of the currents and / or the downstream leakage capacity, a fault in the electrical continuity of the conductive element being located when the imaginary part calculated and / or the downstream leakage capacity turns out to be zero before the end of the conductive element is not reached.
- the present invention also provides an application of the above method to locating an electrical insulation fault of the conductive element relative to the reference conductor, the method comprising a step of calculating the real part of at least one currents and / or insulation resistance downstream of a measurement point.
- the method comprises a plurality of steps for measuring the amplitudes of the currents at various measurement points, and a plurality of steps for calculating, after each measurement, the real part of at least one of the currents and / or the downstream insulation resistance, an electrical insulation fault being located when the calculated real part has a significant attenuation and / or when the downstream insulation resistance increases rapidly without this being justified by the topography of the conductive element.
- the method comprises a step of calculating a formula of the type: K x . ⁇ I.K_ y
- the conductive element comprises several screens of telecommunication cables connected to each other, and the reference conductor is the earth.
- the present invention also relates to a device for controlling a conductive element, comprising a terminal for connection to a contactless current sensor, an analog / digital conversion circuit of the signal delivered by the current sensor, and a calculation means, wherein the calculation means is arranged to analyze the signal delivered by the current sensor and extract the amplitudes of at least two currents of distinct frequencies present in the delivered signal, and calculate the imaginary part of at least one of the currents and / or an electrical capacity, by means of a formula of the type: [K 2 I i x 1 2 - K 3
- the calculation means is also arranged to calculate the real part of at least one of the currents and / or an electrical resistance, by means of a formula of the type:
- the device comprises selection means for choosing between the calculation of the imaginary part of at least one of the currents and / or the calculation of an electrical capacity, on the one hand, and the calculation of the real part of at least one of the currents and / or of an electrical resistance, on the other hand.
- the device is intended to be connected to a current clamp and includes calibration terminals intended to be interconnected during a calibration phase, and means for injecting one of the calibration terminals into the at least two separate frequency calibration currents via a standard resistor.
- FIGS. 1A, 1B previously described represent a telecommunication cable
- FIG. 2 previously described represents a network of telecommunication cables
- FIG. 3A schematically represents a conductive screen and illustrates the method according to the invention
- FIG. 3B is the equivalent electrical diagram of the screen of FIG. 3A
- FIG. 3C is the equivalent diagram of the screen of FIG. 3A seen from a measurement point
- FIGS. 4A, 4B are vector representations of currents involved in the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows in a simplified manner the cable network of FIG. 2 and illustrates an application of the method according to the invention
- FIGS. 6 to 8 represent in the form of curves the results of current measurements carried out on a section of the network of FIG. 5, - FIG. 9 is an external view of a measuring device according to the invention.
- FIG. 10 is the electrical diagram in the form of blocks of the measuring device of Figure 9, and Figure 11 illustrates a step of calibrating the measuring device.
- FIG. 3A schematically represents the screen 20 of a telecommunication cable whose electrical continuity must be checked.
- the origin and end points of the screen are previously disconnected from the ground (GND) by means of two switches 21, 22, for example switches present in IMD devices.
- the equivalent diagram of the screen 20 is shown in FIG. 3B.
- the screen 20 comprises a plurality of elementary cells R ⁇ c i ' R 2 C 2 ' R 3 C 3 • • • R i c i • • • R m c m distributed between its point of origin and its point of end.
- the elementary resistances Ri together form the insulation resistance of the screen 20 relative to the earth and the elementary capacitances C ⁇ form the leakage capacitance of the screen 20 relative to the earth.
- the currents i 1 # i 2 are delivered by a voltage or current generator, preferably a voltage generator 23 delivering alternating voltages ul, u2 of the type
- the ground terminal of the generator 23 is connected to the earth so as to form a conduction loop passing through the screen 20 and the earth.
- the amplitudes of the currents i 1 # i 2 are measured at various points P x , P 2 , P 3 ... Pi ... P n along the screen 20, by means of an ammeter clamp 30 connected to a measuring device 31.
- the screen 20 can be represented as illustrated in FIG. 3C, in the form of a resistor R A and a capacitor C A in parallel.
- the resistance R A is the insulation resistance of the part of the screen 20 located downstream of the measurement point Pi, according to the direction of flow of the currents i 1 # i 2 , and is formed by all of the elementary insulation resistances Ri downstream of this point.
- the capacity C A is the leakage capacity of the part of the screen 20 located downstream of the measurement point P i # and is made up of all of the elementary leakage capacities C 1 downstream of this point.
- the linear resistance of the screen 20 being negligible, the voltages present at the terminals of the equivalent circuit R A C A are the voltages ul, u2 of amplitudes U 1 # U 2 applied to the point of origin of the screen.
- each current comprises a real part i rl , i r2 in phase with the voltage u 1 # respectively u 2 , and an imaginary part i cl , i c2 phase shifted. 90 ° relative to the real part, which obey the following relationships:
- i c2 ( ⁇ 2 / U 1 ) V ⁇ [[(U 2 j ⁇ !
- FIG. 5 schematically represents the screens A, B, C, D, E of a network of telecommunication cables similar to that of FIG. 2.
- the screens are connected and form conductive sections AC, ABD and ABE.
- the point of origin of screen A and the end points of screens C, D, E are disconnected from the ground for the implementation of the method of the invention.
- the generator 23 is connected to the point of origin of the screen A.
- the currents i 1 # i 2 flow in screen A and is divided into screens B and C, then in screens D and E.
- the curve 60 represents the profile of the imaginary currents i cl , i c2 along the section ABD when the latter has no continuity defect
- the curve 61 represents the profile of the currents i cl , i c2 in the presence of a continuity fault 24 located here on screen B.
- the curves 60, 61 also represent the profile of the downstream capacity C A along the section ABD, the relationships (13) (14) and (16) being proportional.
- the curves 60, 61 are parallel and show a regular decrease with a clear decrease in the currents i cl , i c2 and in the capacity C A at each division of the network into two distinct branches BC and DE.
- the significant difference between the two curves is that curve 60 reaches the value zero at the end of screen D, while curve 61, of lower level, reaches zero at the point of discontinuity 24.
- it is easy to locate the continuity fault 24 by observing the evolution of the currents i cl , i c2 and / or of the leakage capacity C A.
- the currents i cl , i c2 or the capacitance C A become zero before the end of the conductive section tested is reached, this signals the presence of a continuity fault.
- the method of the invention offers the advantage of high measurement sensitivity and excellent precision, and only requires currents i lr i 2 and voltages ul, u2 of low value, oscillating at low frequency and undisturbed by electromagnetic interference present in the vicinity of 50 Hz.
- the calculation of the imaginary part of the currents i- L , i 2 also makes it possible to overcome losses of sensitivity due to an insulation fault, when the insulation fault is not very large and is for example of the order of a few kilo ohms.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to calculate the leakage capacitance C A and responds to a long felt need for analysis of the electrical characteristics of telecommunication cables. It is however clear that the calculation of the capacitance C A is not essential for locating a continuity fault, the method being able to be implemented by calculating only the imaginary part of one of the currents i 1 # i 2 .
- the amplitudes Ul, U2 of the voltages ul, u2 applied to the point of origin can be chosen to be identical.
- the currents i rl , i r2 are identical, the relations (21) and (22) are simplified and become independent of the value of the voltage U applied to the point of origin, which can make it possible to calculate the currents i rl , i r2 without knowing the voltage U.
- Curve 62 represents the profile of the currents i rl , i r2 and curve 63 represents the profile of the downstream insulation resistance R A along the section AC.
- the curve 62 has a substantially flat profile up to the fault point 25, without appreciable reduction in the currents i rl , i r2 at the point of division of the network into two distinct branches BC.
- the majority of the current in fact flows into screen C due to the insulation fault 25, which is much lower than the insulation resistance of the screens.
- FIG. 9 is an external view of the device 31.
- the device 31 comprises a socket 32 for connecting the current clamp, two calibration terminals 33, 34, a display 35, an on / off key 36, a key 37 d ' illumination of the display 35, a calibration key 38, a filtering key 39, a key 40-1 to trigger a calculation of insulation resistance R A and a key 40-2 to trigger a calculation of leakage capacity C A.
- FIG. 10 represents in the form of blocks the electrical architecture of the device 31. It comprises a sampling chain 41, a microprocessor MP provided with a memory 45, a calibration circuit 46, a storage battery 50 , a circuit 51 for charging the battery 50 and a power control circuit 52 delivering various voltages VI, V2, V3 necessary for the operation of the various elements.
- the display 35 and the keys 36 to 40 are also shown and are connected to the microprocessor.
- the sampling chain 41 comprises a current / voltage amplifier 42 whose input is connected to the socket 32 and receives the current Ip delivered by the current clamp (not shown).
- the amplifier 42 has a significant gain for the detection of low currents of the order of a tenth of microampere in the presence of insulation faults of several hundred K ⁇ .
- the output of the amplifier 42 delivers a voltage Vp and is connected to the input of an analog-digital converter 44 via a low-pass filter 43, for example a Butterworth filter having a cut-off frequency 15 Hz and a strong cutoff slope (-55 dB at 50 Hz) to eliminate disturbances at 50 Hz.
- the converter 44 is of the sigma-delta type with serial output and includes an internal digital filter of the 6 th order.
- the sampling frequency is chosen at 512 Hz with a resolution of 16 bits.
- the output of the converter 44 delivers a sampled signal Vpn sent to an input of the microprocessor.
- the calibration circuit 46 comprises a digital / analog converter 47 whose digital input is connected to the microprocessor and whose output is connected to the calibration terminal 33 via a voltage amplifier 48 and a standard resistance 49 of value R cal .
- the memory 45 comprises a volatile memory of the RAM type, for storing temporary data, and a non-volatile memory of the EPROM type.
- the EPROM memory includes the operating system OS of the microprocessor, a program PGR1 of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), a program PGR2 of calculation of amplitude, a program PGR3 of conversion voltage / current, a program PGR4 of calculation leakage capacity C A or insulation resistance R A , a calibration program PGR5, and a main program PGR6 ensuring the coordination of all the programs as well as the execution of the instructions received by the keys 36 to 40 and the control of the various elements of the device 31.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- the microprocessor extracts from the sampled signal Vpn two signals Vpnl, Vpn2 whose respective frequencies correspond to the measurement frequencies f ⁇ , f 2 , here equal to 1Hz and 2Hz, and calculates the amplitudes Vpnmaxl, Vpnmax2 of these signals Vpnl, Vpn2.
- the microprocessor then converts the amplitudes Vpnmaxl, Vpnmax2 into amplitudes of currents
- the microprocessor then calculates the capacitance C A or the resistance R A by means of the relations (16) or (23).
- the conversion coefficients KVI1, KVI2 are determined by the calibration program PGR5, which is activated by pressing the key 38 "CAL" (calibration).
- the PGR5 program contains a data table comprising the sampled values of a dual-frequency signal with frequencies f x , f 2 . These data are sent to the input of the converter 47, used as a frequency synthesizer, the output of which delivers corresponding analog voltages.
- At the output of amplifier 48 there are two calibration voltages u c a l ' u cal2 oscillating at the measurement frequencies ⁇ , f 2 .
- the terminals 33 and 34 are connected by a conductive wire 53 as shown in FIG. 11, and the ammeter clamp 30 is arranged around the wire 53.
- the wire 53 is crossed by two calibration currents I ca n, l Ca i 2 equal to: ( 2 7 ) I call - U call / R cal
- Tables 1, 2 and 3 below summarize the operation of the measuring device 31.
- This device is of course susceptible of various variants and embodiment. For example, one can limit oneself to the production of a measuring device calculating only the imaginary and real parts of a dual-frequency current without calculating the capacitance C A and the resistance R A.
- the keys 40-1 and 40-2 could be used to trigger the calculation of the real part and the calculation of the imaginary part of one of the currents i 1 # i 2 , which would be sufficient to locate faults of isolation or continuity.
- the calculation of the capacitance C A and of the resistance R A is an additional advantage making it possible to analyze the electrical characteristics of a telecommunication cable.
- the method of the invention is applicable to any conductive element other than a metallic screen of telecommunication cable, insofar as the conductive element is present relative to the ground or relative to any other conductor used as reference conductor, measurable leakage capacity and insulation resistance.
- a process based on the injection of two currents has been described in the foregoing for reasons of simplicity, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the principles and methods of calculation described above are transposable to a detection made by means of three or even four or more currents having distinct frequencies.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU35552/01A AU3555201A (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-19 | Method and device for controlling a telecommunication cable |
EP01907636A EP1250607B1 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-19 | Procede et dispositif de controle d'un cable de telecommunication |
CA002397572A CA2397572A1 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-19 | Procede et dispositif de controle d'un cable de telecommunication |
DE60131368T DE60131368T2 (de) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-19 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur überwachung eines telekommunikationskabels |
US10/196,070 US6825670B2 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2002-07-15 | Method and device for testing a telecommunication cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0000970A FR2804213B1 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2000-01-26 | Procede et dispositif de controle d'un cable de telecommunication |
FR00/00970 | 2000-01-26 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/196,070 Continuation US6825670B2 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2002-07-15 | Method and device for testing a telecommunication cable |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001055739A1 true WO2001055739A1 (fr) | 2001-08-02 |
Family
ID=8846317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/000171 WO2001055739A1 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-19 | Procede et dispositif de controle d'un cable de telecommunication |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6825670B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1250607B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU3555201A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2397572A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60131368T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2296730T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2804213B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001055739A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8373407B2 (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2013-02-12 | Electro Industries/Gauge Tech | Intelligent electronic device having improved analog output resolution |
EP1986327B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-24 | 2009-10-28 | SPECS Zurich GmbH | Circuit de conversion analogique numérique haute résolution |
US7660893B2 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2010-02-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for monitoring and instantly identifying faults in data communication cables |
BRPI0901107A2 (pt) * | 2009-03-05 | 2010-01-19 | Reason Tecnologia S A | mÉtodo e mecanismo para identificaÇço, registro e armazenamento de frentes de ondas viajantes em sistemas de energia elÉtrica |
CN103116102B (zh) * | 2013-02-04 | 2016-08-31 | 深圳佰维存储科技有限公司 | 智能掉电测试方法及系统 |
CN113985266B (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2024-02-09 | 中国计量大学现代科技学院 | 多智能电表集中化负荷识别方法 |
CN115980451B (zh) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-06-23 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种大截面电缆导体交流等效电阻的提取方法 |
DE102023203537A1 (de) * | 2023-04-18 | 2024-10-24 | Leoni Bordnetz-Systeme Gmbh | Verfahren sowie Anlage zur Überprüfung der Spannungsfestigkeit einer Isolierung eines elektrischen Kabelsatzes |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4103225A (en) * | 1977-01-05 | 1978-07-25 | Dynatel Corporation | System and method for determining capacitance and cable length in the presence of other circuit elements |
EP0408480A1 (fr) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-01-16 | Socrat | Dispositif pour le contrôle d'étanchéité des réseaux de câbles à gaine métallique |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2783926B1 (fr) * | 1998-09-28 | 2001-10-19 | Socrat | Procede et dispositif pour la localisation d'un defaut d'isolement d'un cable |
-
2000
- 2000-01-26 FR FR0000970A patent/FR2804213B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-01-19 AU AU35552/01A patent/AU3555201A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-19 EP EP01907636A patent/EP1250607B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-19 ES ES01907636T patent/ES2296730T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-19 CA CA002397572A patent/CA2397572A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-19 WO PCT/FR2001/000171 patent/WO2001055739A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-19 DE DE60131368T patent/DE60131368T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-15 US US10/196,070 patent/US6825670B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4103225A (en) * | 1977-01-05 | 1978-07-25 | Dynatel Corporation | System and method for determining capacitance and cable length in the presence of other circuit elements |
EP0408480A1 (fr) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-01-16 | Socrat | Dispositif pour le contrôle d'étanchéité des réseaux de câbles à gaine métallique |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
BASCOM E C ET AL: "COMPUTERIZED UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT LOCATION EXPERTISE", PROCEEDINGS OF THE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE,US,NEW YORK, IEEE, vol. -, 10 April 1994 (1994-04-10), pages 376 - 382, XP000470557, ISBN: 0-7803-1883-8 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2804213A1 (fr) | 2001-07-27 |
CA2397572A1 (fr) | 2001-08-02 |
US6825670B2 (en) | 2004-11-30 |
AU3555201A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
DE60131368D1 (de) | 2007-12-27 |
US20030006780A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
EP1250607B1 (fr) | 2007-11-14 |
DE60131368T2 (de) | 2008-09-11 |
EP1250607A1 (fr) | 2002-10-23 |
FR2804213B1 (fr) | 2002-03-29 |
ES2296730T3 (es) | 2008-05-01 |
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