WO2001053924A1 - Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001053924A1 WO2001053924A1 PCT/KR2001/000076 KR0100076W WO0153924A1 WO 2001053924 A1 WO2001053924 A1 WO 2001053924A1 KR 0100076 W KR0100076 W KR 0100076W WO 0153924 A1 WO0153924 A1 WO 0153924A1
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- Prior art keywords
- consonant
- button
- characters
- keypad
- vowel
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/018—Input/output arrangements for oriental characters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
- G06F3/023—Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
- G06F3/0233—Character input methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2250/00—Details of telephonic subscriber devices
- H04M2250/70—Details of telephonic subscriber devices methods for entering alphabetical characters, e.g. multi-tap or dictionary disambiguation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for entering characters from a keypad. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for entering characters from a keypad having a small number of keys such as a telephone keypad
- the keypad provided on the mobile station for the entry of a telephone number additionally has a function of entering characters, thus reducing the size of the keypad used as an input means in the mobile station and hence limiting the number of buttons included on the keypad.
- Alphabets of every language are usually much more than 12 keys on the keypad. Therefore a need exists to represent every character with buttons on a telephone keypad alone or in combination of two or more different types.
- PWSM Part-Whole Selection Method
- the core of PWSM is using part of the lattice elements of every button including a base lattice element (BLE), for which the first button is identical to the second one, and particularly, in the Order of Proximity to a BLE that is most convenient in button combination.
- BLE base lattice element
- the base lattice element forms the core of PWSM and a keypad making the use of the conception of the Base Lattice Element is called "Base Keypad (BK)".
- Base Repeat Selection Method enables the user to select an character depending on the number of times of pressing a button on a Base Keypad designed to use PWSM in the order of proximity to a BLE, i.e., the Convenient Order of Button Combination (COBC) in PWSM.
- BRSM makes the user of a Repeat Selection Method (RSM) on the Base Keypad.
- RSM Repeat Selection Method
- PK Plain Keypad
- SRSM Simple Repeat Selection Method
- Control Processing Method which includes an "Affix Control Processing Method (ACPM)” and a “Succession Control Processing Method (SCPM)".
- the affix control processing method is to enter affixed characters by a combination of affix control and basic character.
- the Affix Control Processing Method ACPM is in substance similar to the Succession Character Control Processing (SCPM).
- the latter is more general than the former, because a specific character group also includes affixed characters belonging to basic characters in a defined sequent order in SCPM.
- the ACPM has a close connection with the character group in shape because affixed characters are decomposed into an affix and a basic character, while SCPM is closely connected to sequent order and pronunciation.
- the CPM are advantageous in that succession (or affixed) characters are not displayed on the keypad through the relation between a basic character and its succession (or affixed) characters to provide a simple arrangement of the keypad and enter character without ambiguity.
- a keypad that excludes succession characters is called “Succession Keypad (SK)” and one excluding affixed characters is called “Abbreviated Keypad (AK)”. Both SK and AK are referred to as “Concise Keypad (CK)”.
- a keypad that displays all succession (or affixed) characters in contrast to CK is called “full keypad (FK)”.
- the full keypad also enables the entry of succession (or affixed) characters using CPM, while CK allows the user who memorizes the arrangement of the full keypad to perform the entry procedure on the full keypad.
- CK can be expanded to the FK and the user can expediently enter succession characters by CPM, which guarantees compatibility characteristic of the prior document.
- the control processing method not only removes ambiguity but also simplifies the arrangement of the keypad by "hiding” the succession characters via the relation between a representative character and its succession characters as described in the prior documents. Expediently, this is called “Hiding Control Processing Method (HCPM)”.
- HCPM iding Control Processing Method
- the succession (or affixed) characters may be input by CPM even on the full keypad on which the succession (or affixed) characters are displayed, as described in the prior documents. Expediently, this is called “Non-hiding Control Processing Method (NCPM)”.
- the present invention suggests the improvement of the prior documents of the applicant (Application No. 10-2000-0031879 and PCT/KROO/00601 ). More particularly, it provides (a) a method for entering commonly used words with a small number of strokes, (b) a method for entering all target characters using a concurrent input method (CIM) that involves both a short-cut input method (SIM) and a full input method (FIM), to reduce input strokes and thereby enhance the convenience in entering characters, (c) a method for entering various symbols on a keypad, and (d) a method for using a move button, not frequently used in the character input mode, as a control button.
- CIM concurrent input method
- SIM short-cut input method
- FIM full input method
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- the keypad proposed in the prior documents and the present invention can be used in all applications that have the form of a telephone keypad, including a numeral keypad of mobile terminals or standard keyboards, a keypad implemented on a screen in software, or a door lock.
- the numeral keypad of the standard keyboards differs in the arrangement of numeral buttons from the keypad of the prior documents and the present invention
- the arrangement of the buttons on the keypad of the prior documents and the present invention may be applicable to the keypad of the keyboards.
- the character assigned to a button [1] in the prior documents and the present invention is set to the button [1] on the numeral keypad of a keyboard, et cetera, which method is applicable to the entry of a character, the use of simple codes and memorization of various codes.
- a pair of a representative consonant and a vowel is assigned to each button such that the consonant is input with one stroke and the vowel is input with two strokes.
- An algorithm may be implemented to first recognize two strokes of a button given at a predetermined delay time (for example, 0.1 second) interval as a vowel and enable the user to efficiently enter the vowel easily.
- the delay time has to be determined in consideration of the time interval commonly spent for a stroke in successively pressing the same button. Expediently, such a delay time is called "Successive Stroke Delay Time (SSDT)".
- an algorithm may be implemented to first recognize two strokes of a button given at a predetermined delay time (for example, 1 second) interval as two consonants. Expediently, such a delay time is called “Discrete Stroke Delay Time (DSDT)". This may also be applicable to three or more strokes of the same button. For instance, if the user presses the button [1] twice with a delay time of
- the two strokes are first recognized as a vowel, i.e., "---", and if with a delay time of 1.1 second, the two strokes are first recognized as two consonants, i.e., " ⁇ " and " ⁇ »". If the delay time is 0.5 seconds, it is possible to determine whether the user intended to enter one vowel or two consonants, from the structure of the corresponding language showing the way that consonants and vowels appear in the language. Even if the delay time of two storkes is 0.08 or 1.1 seconds, whether to recognize the two strokes as one vowel or two consonants can be determined finally from the structure of the language showing the way that consonants and vowels appear in that language.
- the time interval is fixed (for example, as 1 second) so as to recognize successively pressing a button twice within the corresponding time as two successive strokes and successively pressing a button twice at a time longer than the corresponding time as two discrete strokes.
- recognition of two successive strokes for example, 0.1 second
- recognition of two discrete strokes for example, 1 second
- RSM is preferable to PWSM in the prior documents in the aspect of convenience of entry. Therefore, this method having the advantages of RSM (i.e., simplicity of input rules and convenience) uses the structure of a specific language where consonants and vowels appear alternately, to avoid ambiguity and to simplify the implementation of an algorithm in such a manner that SSDT is different from DSDT and the user is allowed to designate SSDT and DSDT.
- an example of the entry using SCPM may be described as follows. With the relationship among a representative character and its succession characters such as (representative character), ⁇ (2nd), ⁇ (3rd), x. (4th) and is (5th), is selected with one stroke of the button [1] ( - [1]), and the 2nd to 5th controls are assigned to a control button (for example, [*]) and repeatedly selected according to the number of times of pressing the control button to enter the succession characters by combining the representative character and its succession controls. Expediently, selection of the control is transcribed in braces.
- the fifth succession character is also input in the similar way.
- a affixed character e comprising "..” and "e” can be entered by a combination of .. and e.
- e is designated as a basic character and its succession characters related to the basic character in regard to shape and priority are assigned as succession characters, such that the affixed character e can be entered by a combination of the basic character and the adjunctive priority (for example, e (basic character), e (2nd), e (3rd), ).
- an affixed or succession character can be entered without ambiguity by the repeated press of the control button to which controls that become meaning only in combination with an character (i.e., a specific numeral button) are assigned.
- JCPM Jump Control Processing Method
- a strict selection of control is advantageous in entering characters not used in practice. It is possible to enter, for example, an imaginary character of the French language comprising b and affix "..”, and one of the Japanese character comprising and a voiced sound point.
- Numerals or English alphabet may be assigned subsequent to the mother language succession characters.
- Japanese characters for example, are assigned in the order of (representative character), ⁇ (2nd), i (3rd), . (4th), is (5th), 1 (6th), . (7th), q (8th), z (9th), and so forth.
- a control button for (representative character), ⁇ (2nd), i (3rd), x. (4th) and is (5th) is assigned to a certain button (for example, [*]) and a control button for numerals or
- consonants of English alphabet fall into nine groups according to the similarity of pronunciation as follows: BP/CSX/DT/FVH/GKQ/JZ/LR/MN/WY BPV/CSX/DT/FH/GKQ/JZ/LR/MW/NY
- consonants of English alphabet fall into eight groups as follows: BFPV/CGKQ/SX/DT/JZ/LR/MWH/NY
- succession characters are input on a full keypad using CPM
- the succession controls i.e., 2 nd and 3 rd controls are assigned to the same control button (for example, button [#]) or to different buttons (for example, buttons [*] and [#]).
- A, B and C are assigned to a common control button. If the representative character is A, the succession characters B and C are independently entered via succession control processing. Otherwise, if the representative character is B, the succession characters A and C are independently entered via SCPM.
- the representative character and the adjunctive priority of the succession characters are defined in consideration of the use frequency as described in the prior documents.
- 1-2 shows an exemplary arrangement of a keypad designed to easily discriminate the characters, in which the middle character in each group of characters is designated as the representative character and the succession characters are each disposed on the right and left sides of the representative character.
- PWSM may be adapted in such a manner that one of the four characters can be assigned to a lattice element that forms Vertical Adjacent Combination (VAC).
- VAC Vertical Adjacent Combination
- the adjunctive priority of the succession characters is determined with reference to the Japanese 50-sound table presented in the following table in the almost same manner as the approach 3 of the prior document. This makes the user much familiar to the grouping method due to simplicity of the adjunctive priority.
- ⁇ may be regarded as belonging to a representative character as described in the prior document.
- characters of the 50-sound table for example, i ⁇ i or x.
- ⁇ is regarded as belonging to the blank on the row of - ⁇ or h.
- characters on the first cloumn are expediently designated as representative characters
- the representative characters can be characters on any column or any character belonging to each group
- characters on each row may be assigned to each button based on a row of buttons on the keypad (i.e., [1], [2], [3], [4], ...) as described in the prior document, or based on the column of buttons (i.e., [3], [6], [9], [2], [5], ).
- assignment of the characters to each button may be achieved arbitrarily not based neither row nor column.
- the prior document describes in the example of Japanese that when "
- X is arranged at the position of the base lattice element of the button [0], with 2nd and 3rd controls and 4th and 5th controls assigned to the buttons [*] and [#], respectively, "X" is assigned to a numeral button but the button [0] in order to use the button [0] as a control button for entering a long/voiced/semi-voiced sound. Instead, "X" is arranged at the position of the base lattice element of the button [0], with control buttons for a long/voiced/semi-voiced sound being additionally arranged in the Order of Proximity to a BLE (OPBLE).
- OPBLE Order of Proximity
- RSM may be adapted to control selection, because there is no case where "X" does not consecutively appear in a word.
- Such a method of selecting an character, not appearing in succession in a word, with one stroke of the corresponding button and other controls with two, three or more strokes of the button may be applicable to all other languages. This feature is also used in the method using the vowel element of Korean that will be described later.
- 2.3 Arabic There are 28 consonants in the Arabian language.
- the consonants of Arabic representing numerals are grouped and assigned to each button on the keypad, and the character representing the smallest numeral is designated as a representative character and arranged at the position of the base lattice element, the other characters being assigned to the buttons on the keypad in the Order of Proximity to a BLE (OPBLE).
- OPBLE Order of Proximity to a BLE
- the prior document provides a method for entering characters of the Roman, Korean, Hindi and Arabic languages by way of control processing. It also provides a method for entering characters of Arabic in which rarely used vowels are regarded as a affix and subjected to the affix control processing.
- the character representing 1 is designated as the representative character and the others representing 10 or 100 are subjected to the succession control processing.
- Any button may be designated as a control button, as described in the prior document. If the succession control button is assigned to the button [*], with 2 nd and 3 rd controls arranged, consonants are entered with two strokes on the average. It is unnecessary to select characters marked on the button by PWSM, because only one character is assigned to each button. The arrangement of characters is notional and hence characters may not be allocated to the keypad as described later. According to the prior document, succession control may be separated as another button as in the case of Japanese.
- the present invention designates an character representing the smallest numeral as a representative character of each group and selects an character representing the smaller numeral among the succession characters of the other units, irrelevant to the use frequency.
- a control can be set to be selected after of before the input of a representative character. If succession controls are all assigned to the button [*], with the 1-unit character designated as a representative character, and the control is selected before the entry of the representative character, entries of the 10-unit
- buttons [#] may be used for the vowel control processing.
- the upper point control can be selected prior to various vowel controls in the control processing. That is, if control before input character is applied to the
- characters for example, 1 -unit characters, i.e., representative characters
- the present invention is applicable to a keypad marking only numerals in entering almost characters (consonants of Arabic) necessary in the daily life, only if the user has the knowledge of the regulations concerning the unit character designated as a given representative character or assigned to a given control button, the sequent order of the succession controls, if assigned to a single control button, or whether the control is set to be selected before representative characters.
- This method selects the vowel control (vowel as affix) based on the number of times of pressing the button in the order of use frequency. If using only one button [ * ] as a succession control button for consonants, the control button for vowels may be the button [#], or both the button [#] and the button [0].
- the characters representing 1 to 9 are designated as the representative characters of each group in the examples of FIGS. 3-1 and 3-2, characters having the highest use frequency in each group may be the representative characters.
- the representative characters can be any unit characters among 1-unit characters (characters representing 1 to 9), 10-unit characters (characters representing 10 to 90), and 100-unit characters (characters representing 100 to 900).
- the characters selected by the succession control may be each unit character based on the use frequency. For example, if 100-unit characters having the highest use frequency are designated as the representative characters and 1-unit characters is second to the 100-unit characters in the use frequency, it is possible to enter the 100-unit characters with a combination of the 2 nd control (i.e., 1-unit control) and the representative characters, and the 10-unit characters with a combination of the 3 rd control (i.e., 10-unit control) and the representative characters.
- the aspirated consonant control is assigned to the button [*] and arranged at the position of the base lattice element, the tense consonant control being arranged to the lattice element secondly close to the base lattice element, so as to select the aspirated consonant control with one stroke of the control button and the tense consonant control with two strokes of the control button.
- a time delay is naturally given between vowels in entering an extended vowel (i.e., two vowels) so that there is actually no ambiguity even through the extended vowel is not input by CPM.
- the aspirated consonant control is additionally assigned to the button [#] and arranged at the position of the base lattice element so as to select the aspirated consonant control with one stroke of the button [#].
- the prior document of the applicant (the prior document No. 10-2000- 0025183) describes a method for using a pair of consonant and vowel, in which the button [#] is designated as the succession control button and the controls can be set to be selected before (or it is possible to be set to be selected after) the numeral buttons to enter a basic vowel in the same manner as described in the case of Japanese.
- the basic vowel control is arranged as shown in FIG. 4-3 to enter the basic vowel by way of CPM without any ambiguity.
- the basic vowels marked on the keypad can be input by the control processing likewise as Japanese (i.e., the entry of the succession character by the control processing on the full keypad).
- FIG. 4-3 is an illustration in which the "basic vowel control" for control processing the basic vowels is added to the figure provided in the prior document.
- the basic vowel control is selected with one stroke of the control button, the extended vowel control being selected with two strokes of the control button. If control is set to be input after the representative character in the example of FIG.
- the same rules are applied to the cases of the other vowels and the extended vowels.
- the basic vowels are marked on the keypad and entered by the non-hiding control processing method.
- both the subsequent consonants i.e., succession consonants
- the subsequent vowels are arranged to the same lattice element of the control button.
- the pressing order i.e., before or after representative character
- FIG. 4-4 is no more than a flow chart for realization of the invention, and more efficient programming is possible. For example, in the case of considering final consonant in FIG. 4-4, more efficient programming is possible by checking whether the consonants can form double final consonants.
- the example of Korean suggested in the prior art may be applicable to other languages having a similar feature (i.e., a structure having consonants and vowels appearing alternately).
- the feature of consonant and vowel appearance of the corresponding languages may be taken into consideration.
- the first three strokes (inputs 1 , 2 and 3) are always decided by the consonant and vowel of the first syllable (letter) from the "beginning of a word".
- this is inapplicable to the case of Hindi in which a syllable comprising "vowel + consonant" appears first.
- Input 4 may be the final consonant of the first syllable (letter) or the first consonant of the second syllable (letter). Although all detailed procedures are not described in the flow chart of the prior document, it is determined whether input 4 is identical to the previous input (i.e., input 3). If so, it is possible to decide in advance that inputs 4 and 5 cannot form a double vowel, because inputs 4 and 5 should not be the same vowel in order to form a double vowel with the inputs 2 and 3 already decided. Otherwise, if input 4 is not identical to the previous input, input 4 is compared to the next input (input 5) in the subsequent procedure as shown in the flow chart.
- input 5 is identical to the previous input, it is checked whether inputs 4 and 5 can form a double vowel. Now, a description will be given to the case where inputs 4 and 5 cannot form a double vowel. If input 5 is not identical to the previous input, input 4 is decided as the final consonant of the first syllable (letter) and input 5 can be the double final consonant of the first syllable (letter) or the first consonant of the second syllable (letter). It is thus checked whether inputs 4 and 5 can form a double final consonants. If not, input 5 can be decided as the first consonant of the second syllable (letter).
- input x the next input (expediently, referred to as "input x") is "the end of the word”. If so, input x may be decided as the final consonant of the final syllable (letter) (for example, "i ⁇ L + input x"). 2.4.5 Combination of tense consonant with basic consonant The tense consonant can be processed with a combination of the basic consonants in all keypads of Korean as described in the prior document of the applicant. Expediently, reference will be given to FIG. 4-1.
- a tense consonant can be entered with a combination of two basic consonants, the procedures are performed in the same manner as described in the case where input 4 is not identical to input 5.
- ambiguity may occur more seriously because removal of the ambiguity by CPM in inputting tense consonant cannot be achieved.
- input x Such ambiguity can be avoided in some cases by checking whether the next input (expediently, referred to as "input x") forms the final consonant of the "consonant + wowel” and the double final consonant of the "consonant + vowel + consonant” and terminates the word, and if input x cannot form a double final consonant and terminates the word, processing the input x as the final consonant of the "consonant + vowel". Even in the case where input x forms a double final consonant, the same procedures are performed with the next input.
- ambiguity may be regarded as caused by RSM.
- the ambiguity is avoidable through "index" that will be described later.
- processing a tense consonant with a combination of two basic consonants may increase some ambiguity caused due to the use of RSM but enhances convenience and simplicity in entering characters. Discrimination of words is achievable by any means of discriminating a word from another one, such as space, mode transition, move button, confirm, or termination of entry, etc. 2.5 Hindi
- consonants of Hindi are divided into 9 groups, which are assigned to buttons [1] to [9], and the vowels assigned to the button [0] are selected with one stroke of the button [0].
- consonants are divided into 10 groups so as to select the representative consonants with one stroke of the corresponding button and 10 vowels as two strokes of the button.
- a vowel (ri) not allocated to the keypad and rarely used can be processed by CPM.
- Grouping of the consonants into 10 groups is achieved in consideration of the similarity of pronunciation as described in the prior document.
- An example of 10 groups of consonants is given as follows.
- consonants there are 33 consonants in the Sri language.
- An example of 9 groups of the consonants is given as follows.
- the consonants may be divided into 10 groups in the similar manner.
- tense consonants, aspirated consonants and extended vowels can be entered by CPM, i.e., a combination of control and basic character.
- CPM i.e., a combination of control and basic character.
- the consonants adjunctive to the representative consonants are entered via the succession control processing.
- the present invention provides a method for minimizing the ambiguity in the invention of the prior document. If assigning a plurality of characters to one button on the keypad and using RSM, ambiguity occurs as described in the prior document due to the inherency of RSM. For example, when entering "AB" allocated to the same button in succession as [2]+ [2]+[2], there is a confusion in deciding whether the entry is "AB" or "BA".
- the first syllable comprises “consonant + vowel” and the second syllable comprises “consonant + vowel + consonant”, and the "vowel + consonant” of the second syllable are assigned to the same button.
- the initial consonant of the second syllable can be recognized as the final consonant of the first syllable, and the "vowel + consonant” of the second syllable being recognized as "consonant + vowel".
- consonant + vowel i.e., "consonant + vowel”
- the vowel and the consonant which are frequently transferred from vowel (medial vowel) to consonant (final consonant) in the syllable comprising "consonant + vowel + consonant"
- the first syllable comprises “consonant + vowel +consonant” and the second syllable comprises “consonant + vowel”, and second syllable which are comprised of "consonant + vowel” are assigned to the same button, the first syllable can be recognized as “consonant + vowel”, the second syllable as "consonant + vowel + consonant” which is combined with the final consonant of the previous syllable.
- consonant and vowel frequently combined together in the form of "consonant + vowel" in a syllable should not be assigned to the same button.
- the first syllable comprises "consonant + vowel + consonant + consonant”. Such cases are not quite common.
- FIG. 4-4 shows a flow chart (disclosed in the prior document) for discriminating characters when basic consonant and basic vowel of Korean allocated to the keypad are selected by RSM with reference to FIG. 4-1. The figure also shows the case where ambiguity occurs.
- the present invention will be described by way of the example of Korean.
- Korean has about 50 % (more precisely 54.01 1 %) of syllables comprising "consonant + vowel” and about 50 % of syllables comprising "consonant + vowel + consonant”. Therefore, it can be considered that the frequency of transition from consonant to vowel in a syllable comprising "consonant + vowel” (hereinafter, referred to as “consonant-vowel transition” or “consonant-vowel coupling”) is almost the same as that of transition from vowel to consonant in a syllable comprising "consonant + vowel + consonant” (hereinafter, referred to as " vowel-consonant transition” or “vowel-consonant coupling”).
- the frequency of vowel-consonant transition is disclosed in the document as follows. 567 cases of vowel-consonant transition occur with 21 vowels (medium) and 27 consonants (final consonants) in Korean, and actually 270 cases of vowel-consonant transition take place. The utmost 12 cases make up 51 % and the upper 48 cases form 90 %. Such a large difference in the coupling frequency allows a great reduction of ambiguity via optimized grouping of consonant and vowel. In the transition between vowel and consonant according to the present invention, consideration has not to be taken into all cases but the transition of vowel and consonant marked on the keypad.
- the frequencies of vowel-consonant and consonant-vowel transitions on the above table are not a relative value but an absolute value, and thus added together to present a table representing the coupling frequency of consonant and vowel.
- the following table presents the sum of frequencies of vowel-consonant and consonant-vowel transitions. More specifically, the syllables comprising "consonant + vowel” make up about 54 % in Korean to form the frequency of vowel-consonant transition being 54 %, and the syllables comprising "consonant + vowel + consonant” make up about 46 % to form the frequency of consonant-vowel transition being 46 %.
- Minimization of ambiguity in using RSM on a keypad is generally known as NP-hard problem.
- minimization of ambiguity in using in the (base/simple) RSM for entering a consonant with one strike and a vowel with two strokes can be modeled by the linear programming (LP), which is the critical advantage of the invention of the applicant.
- LP linear programming
- the above table is an integrated frequency table presenting the integrated frequency for optimizing the mathematical modeling in the present invention.
- grouping problem Forming a pair of consonant to minimize ambiguity is called "grouping problem", since the term “grouping” used in the prior document means division of characters to be assigned to each button into groups as “grouping”, the term “assigning” means assignment of character groups to each button, and the term “arranging” means arrangement of assigned characters to each lattice element of the button.
- O,I v ⁇ where Xy is 0 when the i-th vowel and the j-th consonant are not grouped, or 1 when the i-th vowel and the j-th consonant are grouped; and Cy is the integrated frequency of the case where the i-th vowel and the j-th consonant appear in succession.
- the objective expression may be rewritten as:
- Min Z (781736 * Xi 1) + (26197 * Xi 2 ) + . . . + (453225 * X ⁇ 10 ) + (1255910 * X21) + . . . + (690618 * X210)
- one succession control button if input order of control button is same for basic consonant and basic vowel (i.e., before entry or after entry), may be applied to both subsequent consonants and subsequent vowels. This is of course equally applied to the case where the confirm button by syllables is not input.
- This can also be solved by way of the commercial LP package. It is the core of the embodiment of the present invention to describe those cases that cause much ambiguity (e.g, vowel-consonant transition, consonant-vowel transition, etc.) although all cases possible are not considered, and to provide an approach for optimization based on the frequency number of consonant-vowel coupling in those cases.
- consonants and 10 vowels are grouped in pairs, each pair of consonant and vowel being arranged to each button, so as to select a consonant with one stroke of each button and a vowel with two strokes of each button.
- ambiguity occurs most frequently in the case where consonant and vowel concerned with vowel-consonant transition (vowel-consonant coupling in a syllable comprising "consonant + vowel + consonant”) and consonant-vowel transition (consonant-vowel coupling in a syllable comprising "consonant + vowel”) are assigned to the same button.
- the "integrated frequency table” presenting coefficients used in modeling of the assignment problem by the linear programming method based on the frequency number according to each transition.
- the use of a commercial program makes it easier to detect a group of consonants and vowels that will optimize the mathematically modeled problem. This may be equally applied to other languages (e.g., Hindi and the
- Syllables comprising "vowel + consonant” in Hindi may be erroneously recognized as “consonant + vowel” (irrespective of the form of the previous syllable).
- the frequency of such vowel- consonant transition (for simplicity, referred to as “0 vowel-consonant transition” or "0 vowel-consonant coupling") is made 100 % to obtain an integrated frequency table for three cases, and consonants and vowels are grouped in pairs of consonant and vowel so as to minimize the integrated frequency table.
- 10 basic vowels and 9 representative consonants are grouped into pairs of vowel and consonant.
- a pseudo consonant is added to perform the grouping in the same manner as grouping 10 consonants and 10 vowels.
- the transition (or coupling) frequency of the pseudo consonant and the 10 basic vowels is set to "zero".
- the present invention assigns 9 out of 10 basic consonants to each of numeral buttons [1] to [9], the vowel elements of Korean such as "— " and “ l “ to the buttons [*] and [#] at the bottom of the keypad, and the vowel element ".” to the button [0].
- the present invention exemplifies the assignment and arrangement method shown in FIGS. 4-5.
- the basic consonant and the vowel elements are arranged at the position of the base lattice element, and there is no need of using PWSM in selecting the arranged basic consonants and vowel elements.
- "aspirated consonant control” and “tense consonant control” are each assigned to a button designated for “— “ or “ 1 ", and arranged to one of the other lattice element closest to the base lattice element. That is, the aspirated consonant control and the tense consonant control are selected with two strokes of the control button.
- aspirated consonant (or tense consonant) control may be additionally arranged to the tense consonant (or aspirated consonant) control button and selected with three strokes of the control button.
- the other one is not assigned to the button and expediently called "the consonant out of 9 buttons (COO9)".
- the consonant out of 9 buttons can be regarded as the affixed or succession character of one of the ten basic consonants in consideration of similarity in pronunciation or shape, and control processed.
- the character control processed (i.e., "-er” in FIG. 4-5) is preferably one of the characters destitute of aspirated consonant nor tense consonant (e.g., i- , u , ⁇ , -6- and o ) for more convenience in inputting characters.
- the basic character control processed i.e., " o " in FIG. 4-5
- "-er” is given as an example of control processing because it is an character of the lowest use frequency among those destitute of aspirated consonant nor tense consonant.
- Another reason for the selection of " • er” as an example of control processing is similarity of pronunciation and shape as the relation between another normal sound and aspirated consonant.
- 10 basic consonants are preferably allocated to 10 numeral buttons in order to use Korean for memorization of telephone numbers and various codes.
- "-er” is additionally assigned to a button designated for ".” (i.e., button [0] in FIG. 4-5) and arranged to the lattice for selecting " • &” with three strokes of the corresponding button. It is necessary to select "-6-” with three strokes of the corresponding button in order to eliminate ambiguity in RSM, because ".” appears twice in succession very frequently.
- "-&" is not arranged at the third lattice physically close to the base lattice, the user has only to know that "-er” can be selected with three strokes of the corresponding button. This means that three strokes of button [0] selects "-6-” and that all basic consonants can be arranged to the respective numeral buttons for use purpose in memorization.
- consonants are marked in blue, vowels or vowel elements in red, and numerals in black.
- "— " marked in blue on the button [0] indicates that "-er” is assigned to the button [0] because ". + — + 0 (zero)" is largely shaped like "-er”. That is, the consonant out of 9 buttons is regarded as the affixed character of a specific basic consonant and input by CPM, or entered with three strokes of a button designated for ".”.
- Such ambiguity can be avoided with an "index" as described in the following embodiment. If entering an aspirated consonant by way of a combination of basic consonants, CPM is used only for entry of the aspirated consonant to simplify the rules of entry.
- the aspirated consonant control can be assigned to a proper lattice element as described in the prior document. For example, the aspirated consonant control is removed in FIG. 4-1 or 4-2.
- Hiding Repeat Selection Processing Method HRSPM
- the adjunctive priority of aspirated consonant and tense consonant can be given in the order of basic consonant, tense consonant and aspirated consonant.
- this method of the present invention differs in the adjunctive priority of the succession characters from the hiding repeat selection method described in the prior document, it makes it possible to enter a tense consonant with two strokes of a corresponding numeral button (combination of basic consonants), thereby making the entry more natural from a viewpoint of the user.
- "-cr” is entered with three strokes of the button [0], which entirely enhances consistency in the method employed because the relation between " o " and "-er” is similar to that between normal sound (basic consonant) and aspirated consonant in shape and pronunciation and an aspirated consonant can also be entered with three strokes of a corresponding numeral button.
- the user may enter an aspirated consonant by CPM or the hiding repeat selection method on the same keypad.
- the sequent order of selecting aspirated consonant and tense consonant may be defined as is convenient for the user in entering aspirated consonant and tense consonant by the non-hiding repeat selection method or the hiding repeat selection method.
- a system using vowel elements is a simplified form of the keypads shown in FIGS. 4-1 , 4-2 and 4-3, and compatible with the character input methods disclosed in the prior document. That is, the character input method of the present invention is applicable to the keypad in which 10 basic vowels are additionally marked on the buttons, and further to the full keypad on which basic consonants, basic vowels, extended vowels, aspirated consonants and tense consonants are all marked.
- tense consonant control and aspirated consonant control are assigned to the button [*] or [#], which is not specifically marked on the keypad but known to the user.
- buttons [1] to [9] so as to select the eight basic vowels with two strokes of the buttons designated for the basic vowels.
- CPM or the repeated selection processing method is applicable to the entry of aspirated consonant or tense consonant. For example, if eight vowels other than "— " and " l " are added to FIG. 4-5, as illustrated in FIG.
- buttons [1] to [9] eight vowels are additionally assigned to buttons [1] to [9], and two basic consonants (e.g., ⁇ or o/- r), destitute of aspirated consonant nor tense consonant and similar to each other in shape and pronunciation, are arranged to the button not designated for the vowel, followed by applying RSM.
- the help of "index” in this case can overcome ambiguity that may occur. 5.
- the system may recognize "-S ⁇ l” as a desired word (hereinafter, referred to as "target word”) because " ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1" is registered as a correct word in the index. This applies only to the case where ambiguity occurs between the words not distinguishable by the system. If possible, the system (on the side of the client or server) distinguishes the words by the help of a time delay value, which is previously set by the system or the user.
- the system may register only correct words (e.g., " ⁇ ⁇ 1") or incorrect words (e.g., "JL O ) O ] ”) as ambiguous words.
- the system may register both correct words and incorrect words, provided that it has information for deciding whether a certain word in the index is correct or incorrect.
- the system When the index for a word exists in both the client terminal and the server, the system first looks up a correct word in the index of the client terminal and, if failed, finally in the index of the server.
- the system can distinguish a word from another one by the help of a word-discriminating factor, which is given, for example, between spaces, the head of a word and a space, a space and the tail of a word, and a space and a mode transition. Decision on a correct word with reference to the index is achieved word by word. So, the system refers to the index to decide a correct word the moment that the user enters a word-discriminating factor.
- Discrimination of the target word with reference to the index irrespective of the time delay may be more efficient in this case, because the system will decide the target word as " ⁇ -7 ⁇ " in all cases even though the initial consonant "-r of "7>” is selected subsequent to the final consonant " ⁇ ⁇ " of " ⁇ ;”.
- the system recognizes all words corresponding to an ambiguous input word as correct with reference to the index, it allows the user to select the target word by the help of a proper (visual or auditory) method.
- the system lists the plural words recognized as correct in the order of use frequency (or priority) on a display window and urges the user to select the target word by up-and- down scroll or numeral buttons corresponding to the displayed order of the words.
- the system displays only one word of the highest use frequency on the display window and, if the word is not the target word, causes the user to select a control (expediently, referred to as "next word control") for displaying the next word of the secondly highest use frequency. If the next word is also not the target word, the system enables the user to continue searching for the target word in the same way. After searching the target word, the user is allowed to decide the target word by selecting another button (i.e., any button not designated for selection of the next word control, such as selection of another characters, space, or mode transition).
- both the PWSM and the RSM are applicable to selection of the next word control. If the next word control is arranged at the position of the base lattice element of a specific button, it can be selected with one stroke of that specific button.
- a miniaturized data communication terminal usually has an interface in the form of a normal keypad.
- code refers to any types of code, the examples of which are numerous including telephone number, stock index (listed company) code, city code, quarter code, subway station code, bank code, etc. Coding of various names has an advantage in the sense of simplification of entry.
- the data communication terminal as used herein includes any type of data communication terminals such as PC, mobile communication equipment, smart phone, PDA, bi-directional text transceiver, ATM (Automated Teller Machine), or the like, as well as non-communication terminals such as electronic diary.
- the information system as used herein includes any type of systems accessible visually via GUI or only aurally accessible, such as ARS.
- the system also includes a server system, and in a broad sense, a client software of the terminal in communication with the server system.
- Alphabet allocated to the keypad may be used for memorization of various codes. There are many approaches for this purpose, including simple naming, initial naming or full naming. Now, a description will be given as follows.
- Simple naming is to designate a numeral associated with a given word or phrase as a code.
- a Korean company name, "7K]->I ⁇ " has a simple code "1799" associated with ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and A , as shown in FIG. 4-2.
- characters ⁇ ⁇ , A , X and A in KV ⁇ ⁇ -" associated with the simple code "1799” are marked in bold, so that the user can notice the simple code of a specific word with ease.
- the simple code can be extracted from a word or phrase.
- the simple code of "7 ⁇ " for example, is specifically not limited to "1799", because the code consists of numerals associated with any character belonging to a given word in the simple naming.
- simple naming i.e., simple code
- characters constituting a given word or phrase The same applies to other languages as well as Korean.
- "captain” may have a simple code of "2786” associated with consonants "CPTN” as a partially associated simple code, which is expediently referred to as "Consonant-Associated Simple Code”.
- a phrase as well as a word can be coded by simple naming. From a phrase " ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - r -3 ⁇ -fe-7 r -" in the example of the prior document, letters (syllables) full of meaning are used to extract a simple code "8314" mapped to o , c , ⁇ and ⁇ . For English, "data tonight" in the example of the prior document may have a simple code "3886" associated with characters having a phonetic value, such as d, t, t and n.
- Initial naming is a special case of the partially associated simple naming.
- initial naming designates a numeral mapped to the initial consonant of a syllable (letter) as a code.
- this method is referred to as "Syllable-Based Initial Naming (SBIN)".
- SBIN Sesyllable-Based Initial Naming
- the syllable-based initial code of extracted by the syllable-based initial naming is "1799" associated with the initial consonant of each syllable (letter).
- the syllable-based initial naming also applies to other languages as well as Korean.
- an English word “entertainment” has an syllable-based initial code "3886" associated with e, t, t and m according to the syllable-based initial naming.
- the syllable-based initial naming is more useful for Korean in which one syllable constitutes one letter.
- the initial naming is also applicable to a phrase.
- a phrase "° t g. in the example of the prior document may have an initial code "81" associated with the initial characters of each word, o and ⁇ ⁇ .
- An English phrase “dance with the wolf has an word-based initial code "3979" associated with d, w, t and w according to the word-based initial naming.
- the word-based initial naming is more useful for every language when the code is assigned to the entire phrase.
- both a simple code i.e., fully associated simple code and partially associated simple code
- an initial code i.e., syllable-based initial code and word-based initial code
- simple code in a broad sense
- short-cut code each of fully associated simple code, consonant- associated simple code, syllable-based initial code and word-based initial code follow regulations in their production and thus are generally used in practice.
- simple codes generated by others according to the regulations may also be readily used.
- Full naming is an input value of a given word or phrase to be coded according to a specific character input method and thus variable depending on the used character input method.
- a numeral value corresponding to a given word or phrase is coded character by character. For example, " ⁇ -i-" in the prior document has a full code “7745888944" according to PWSM (disclosed in the prior document) as illustrated in FIG. 4-2.
- a specific full code value may be given according to the keypad or the character input method.
- buttons on the keypad For entry of ideographic characters, such as Chinese characters, numerous characters have to be reasonably assigned to the buttons on the keypad.
- One method is to map the English phonetic spelling corresponding to characters on the English keypad.
- Another method is mapping the tones of the Chinese characters to the buttons on the keypad.
- All Chinese characters have five tones, the first tone (tone symbol “-”), the second tone (tone symbol “'”, the third tone (tone symbol “ v “), the fourth tone (tone symbol “ ' ”) and non-tone.
- Each of the five tones can be assigned to two buttons on the keypad.
- the first tone can be assigned to buttons [1] and [2], the second tone buttons [3] and [6], the third tone buttons [4] and [7], the fourth tone buttons [8] and [9], the non-tone buttons [5] and [0]. This allocates the first to fourth tones to the upper, lower, right and left buttons on the keypad for the purpose of convenience in use.
- buttons are different in color from one another.
- the pairs of buttons are arranged as [1 ,2][3,6][4,7][8,9] to form a Ft! shape.
- the first to fifth tones are each assigned to two of ten buttons [1] to [0] in sequence.
- buttons [1] and [2] should be designated for the characters having the first tone.
- one method involves classification of the Chinese characters based on the stroke count (i.e., as a means for determining the complexity of a Chinese character). If the stroke count of a character having the first tone in a word or phrase is equal to or less than a predetermined value (for example, 5), the character is regarded as assigned to the button [1] (i.e., the button of the smaller numeral out of buttons [1] and [2]). Otherwise, the character is regarded as assigned to the button [2] (i.e., the button of the larger numeral out of buttons [1] and [2]).
- a predetermined value for example, 5
- the reference stroke count is 5 in the above example, it is not fixed as the averaged stroke count of Chinese characters common in use but may be set as a reference value such that half of the Chinese characters have a stroke count less than the reference value and the other half of the Chinese characters have a stroke count exceeding the reference value.
- the number of constituent characters may be used to determine the complexity of a Chinese character.
- the term "constituent character” as used herein refers to a character distinguishable in a Chinese character.
- ft£ comprises two constituent characters ⁇ and
- ⁇ comprises three constituent characters vfc, 7fc and . If the number of constituent characters in a given Chinese character is equal to or less than a predetermined value (for example, 2), the Chinese character is regarded as assigned to a button of the smaller numeral out of the two buttons corresponding to the same tone. Otherwise, if the number of constituent characters exceeds the predetermined value, the Chinese character is regarded as assigned to a button of the larger numeral.
- a predetermined value for example, 2
- FIG. 5-1 is an exemplary view of a keypad according to the present invention, in which the tone symbol is marked on the button of the keypad. Because the first tone is assigned to buttons [1] and [2], the first tone symbol "-" is marked on the buttons [1] and [2]. The first tone symbol marked on the button [1] is smaller than that on the button [2], which makes the user to know intuitively that a Chinese character of which the complexity (e.g., the stroke count or the number of constituent characters) is equal to or less than a predetermined level
- H ⁇ 2T I] >7612
- a serial number is added to the end of a word character string. For example, when a character having the same numeral code as the code "7612" of Hi j ⁇ a] exists in a system, a serial number is added as WK2: ⁇ ] 1 to produce a code of "76121 ".
- the system may extract a simple code corresponding to the input character according to predefined regulations for producing tone- based simple codes and display the extracted simple code to the user.
- the Chinese character which is an ideogram, has a difference from a phonogram in that the system has to know the tone and the stroke count (or, the number of constituent characters) as well as the mapping information between characters and numerals.
- the present invention proposes a method for mapping Chinese characters to the buttons on a keypad based on the tone and the complexity of the characters. Because five tones are assigned to two buttons as is characteristic of the Chinese character, it may be intuitively considered more convenient for the user to make the current arrangement of the keypad in 2 columns and 5 rows.
- buttons [1] and [2] are allocated to the first row of the keypad, buttons [3] and [4] on the second row, buttons [5] and [6] on the third row, buttons [7] and [8] on the fourth row, buttons [9] and [10] on the fifth row, buttons [*] and [#] on the sixth row.
- the first to fourth tones and the non-tone are each assigned to the two buttons on each row of the keyboard, and the system determines whether a given Chinese character corresponds to the button on the first column or on the second one, based on the complexity of the character.
- Such an arrangement of the 2*6 keypad is illustrated in FIG. 5-3. In this case, with each tone assigned to the two buttons on every row of the keypad, the system determines whether a given character corresponds to the button on the first column or the second one, based on the complexity of the character.
- buttons of the keypad assigned to the tones are varied and hence the code value generated also changes. Accordingly, there is a need of conversion between a code generated by a specific method (e.g., the code by the 3*4 keypad in the present invention) and a code generated by another method (e.g., the code by the 2*6 keypad in the present invention). Such conversion may take place at the server or in the client software of the terminal. In either case, conversion occurs in the entire system (server or client terminal), and re-conversion to a desired code can be achieved with the knowledge about the method applied to the entire system. For example, when a desired code value necessary in the system is obtained by the method 2 while entering the code value of AS 0 ffr according to the method 1 , it is possible to determine a code value according to the method 2.
- a code generated by a specific method e.g., the code by the 3*4 keypad in the present invention
- another method e.g., the code by the 2*6 keypad in the present invention
- H ⁇ is entered in combination with a specific functional key to mark S in bold and generate the code "76" for SS ⁇ p ].
- the system marks it of the character in bold and thereby generates a code.
- the simple code of St& ⁇ ] (with &it £ J marked in bold) is not "7612" but "7312”. It is a general method for entering a Chinese character that the pronunciation of the Chinese character is written in English and changed to a convertible Chinese character upon selection of a "Chinese character conversion button" to make the user choose a corresponding Chinese character.
- the full code is determined based on the English pronunciation of Chinese. Furthermore, when there are multiple words of the same pronunciation, the full code is determined in combination of the code based on the English pronunciation, the Chinese character conversion button, and the priority of the target word in the words of the same pronunciation.
- the Chinese character conversion button on the keypad is the button [*] in FIGS. 5-2 and 5-3. If a specific description is not given as to the English input method, it should be understood that the present invention uses the known input method.
- a "specific functional button” for simple naming of Chinese That is, the user enters English, selects the Chinese character conversion button to choose a desired Chinese character and then enters a specific functional key for simple naming (hereinafter, referred to as "simple code (SC) button") to display the corresponding character and its constituent characters in sequence, among which the user selects a constituent character for producing a simple code.
- SC simple code
- the simple code key is the button [#].
- the system when the user enters of St ⁇ l and select the simple code button, the system displays m. and its constituent characters it and R in sequence. If the user chooses it, the system displays it of m in bold and thereby recognizes the corresponding simple code as 3.
- the simple code "3" for it in which only it stands out in bold is stored in the system for future use, or is interpreted from the character.
- Chinese it is necessary to provide a Chinese dictionary in the entire system (of client or server) for the purpose of naming of codes. That is, when the user enters a named character (i.e., word or prase that is corresponding to smiple code), the system looks up the named character in the dictionary with reference to the tone and the stroke count (or the number of constituent characters) of the character, thereby mapping the named character to a numeral code. It is assumed that the dictionary contains the tones and the stroke counts (or the number of constituent characters) of Chinese characters, which are used in mapping the Chinese characters to numerals on the keypad. The user or the system operator must be enable to add words not listed in the dictionary and store mapping information such as the tone of Chinese characters. Without a Chinese dictionary in the entire system, it is necessary to enable the user to enter not only a word as named characters but also mapping information such as the tones of the characters, or numeral codes corresponding to the characters.
- a Chinese dictionary in the entire system, it is necessary to enable the user to enter not only a
- tone-based simple code For Chinese characters, production of a tone-based simple code is advantageous in that the simple code is not generated based on the English pronunciation and each character is intuitively mapped to one numeral code.
- the company name and the city name in Chinese comprise a fixed number of characters and the length of the tone-based simple code is equal to the number of characters (i.e., the number of tones).
- the simple code is constant in length and usable even in the keypad that has no English alphabet marked thereon.
- the simple vowel is mapped to a button of the smaller numeral and the long vowel is mapped to a button of the larger numeral.
- tones there are two types of tones; one is called “tangible tone” marked with a tone symbol, and the other is called “intangible tone” marked without a tone symbol.
- Five intangible tones are expressed according to the type of consonant, the relative length of the vowel, and the presence of the final consonant.
- the consonant of Thai comprises nine medium consonants, ten higher consonants and twenty-three lower consonants. Even tangible tones of the same tone symbol become different from one another according to the type of the consonant.
- a simple code is determined according to whether the vowel to be coupled is a simple vowel or a long vowel.
- Such a simple code is specifically referred to as "tone-symbol-based simple code”.
- the Sri language has three tones, i.e., first, second and third tones. All these three tones are marked with a tone symbol.
- each of the three tones can be mapped to three of the buttons [1] to [9].
- a syllable of the first tone is mapped to the three buttons on the first row, i.e., buttons [1], [2] and [3].
- Syllables of the same tone are classified into three parts: one is a syllable destitute of the final consonant (e.g., consonant + vowel), another is a syllable destitute of the initial consonant but having the final consonant (e.g., vowel + consonant) and the other is a syllable having both the initial consonant and the final consonant (e.g., consonant + vowel + consonant).
- the final consonant e.g., consonant + vowel
- the final consonant e.g., consonant + vowel + consonant
- a syllable of the first tone is mapped to any one of the buttons [1], [2] and [3], and if the syllable comprises "consonant + vowel" without the final consonant, it is associated with the button [1].
- All syllables of the Sri language have a tone symbol and the rules for construction of syllables are routinely understandable. It is therefore advantageous in that the symbol- based simple codes for every word can be produced automatically according to the rules.
- the client terminal is charge of decoding the simple code (i.e., when the client terminal has a specific word or phrase and its simple code value), the word or phrase corresponding to the input simple code is transferred to the server.
- the server requests the simple code according to the feature of the application while the client terminal is enable to decode the simple code
- the client terminal sends the simple code itself (i.e, displays the numeral) to the server, which then decodes the simple code.
- the simple code is decoded in either the client terminal or the server.
- second ambiguity With a simple code for multiple words or phrases, there can be many words or phrases corresponding to the same simple code. Such ambiguity between the simple codes in CIM is expediently called "second ambiguity".
- the system may add a serial number to the simple code to store a unique code value in this case, the second ambiguity occurs because the user normally uses the simple code associated with a specific word or phrase.
- the system has to recommend such words or phrases based on the priority for use to the user.
- the system adds a serial number to the simple code according to the priority based on the use frequency of the words or phrases and utilizes the serial number as priority in recommendation of words or phrases to the user.
- the system does not necessarily add a serial number to the simple code and may have separate information about the priority.
- the system properly performs feedback (e.g., provides a list of -i: and ⁇ r ⁇ -1 or informs of the list in a voice) so that the user can select either - - or ⁇ .
- feedback e.g., provides a list of -i: and ⁇ r ⁇ -1 or informs of the list in a voice
- the client terminal interprets the simple code "78" as "
- the server requests the simple code according to the feature of the application while the client terminal is enable to decode the simple code
- the client terminal has only to send the simple code itself to the server.
- a predefined simple code can be used for entry of a word or phrase in such a manner that the user enters the predefined simple code and then the client (terminal) provides the user with the decoded simple code.
- SIM Short-cut Input Method
- CIM Concurrent Input Method
- the system may change separate information about the priority.
- the system or the user may (re)designate criteria used in deciding whether the use frequency of " ⁇ . ⁇ ⁇ .” is remarkably high. For example, when the user chooses " ⁇ S.” in at least eight cases out of ten, the existing priority is automatically altered.
- the system may request the user to confirm the alteration of the priority according to given options.
- Consonant-associated simple code, syllable-based initial code and word-based initial code other than fully associated simple code follow regulations in their production.
- the user enters a specific word or phrase to designate a simple code for the word or phrase while the production regulations of simple codes are defined, and then the corresponding simple code is automatically extracted and stored in the system.
- characters associated with the simple code are marked in bold to increase convenience for use. In regard to English, the characters associated with the simple code may be embossed as capital letters.
- the prior document discloses the "SIM" and the "short-cut/full CIM".
- the simple code for short-cut input may be defined in the system and then altered by the user. The user may further designate a simple code for another word or phrase.
- Designation of a simple code for a new word or phrase may follow defined regulations for production of simple codes, such as fully associated simple code, partially associated simple code, consonant-associated simple code, syllable-based initial code, or word-based initial code, as disclosed in the prior document.
- simple codes such as fully associated simple code, partially associated simple code, consonant-associated simple code, syllable-based initial code, or word-based initial code, as disclosed in the prior document.
- the system can recognize the simple code as its corresponding word or phrase. It is thus apparent that when the system recognizes a specific simple code as a corresponding word or phrase and displays the word or phrase, the user can utilize the displayed word or phrase in entering a new word.
- a character input system is realized in such a manner that the terminal (client system) stores the index having "fully associated simple codes" assigned word by word and displays corresponding words of a given code input from the user according to the priority order by words, thus allowing the user to determine the target word.
- client system stores the index having "fully associated simple codes” assigned word by word and displays corresponding words of a given code input from the user according to the priority order by words, thus allowing the user to determine the target word.
- the foreign method has the following drawbacks: (1 ) it allows exclusively the entry of predefined words, because the code is assigned to each word; (2) when different words share the same code, it is difficult to enter words less frequency used, because the user takes the trouble to select and confirm the target word with a toggle button or a move button; (3) words other than the target one may appear temporarily during inputting of the word; and (4) a large storage capacity and much cost are required to implement the system.
- a simple code i.e., partially associated simple code or fully associated simple code
- the commonly used word or phrase and the simple code of the commonly used word or phrase can be predefined in the system and provided to the user, or arbitrarily designated by the user.
- the user should be allowed to arbitrarily alter the simple code predefined in the system. It is advantageous to allow the user to designate the simple code, because the user is ready to get the knowledge of the simple code value for a specific commonly used word or phrase.
- SIM short-cut input method
- FIM full input method
- Ambiguity occurs due to repeated selection in FIM, even though unique codes are assigned to each character and used to enter a target character. Expediently, such ambiguity is called “first ambiguity” or “character ambiguity”. On the contrary, ambiguity occurs between different words sharing the same simple code in a method such as the foreign method (i.e., SIM) in which codes are assigned to every word and used to enter a target word. Expediently, such ambiguity is called “second ambiguity” or "word (phrase) ambiguity”.
- ambiguity refers to the first ambiguity.
- the system first interprets a specific input value as a simple code (i.e., the first step of using SIM, or applying the short-cut input mode as the basic input mode), and without any simple code corresponding to the input value, the systemthen recognizes it as a full code (i.e., the second step of using FIM); and the other is that the system first checks whether a specific input value forms a full code (i.e., the first step of using FIM, or applying the full input mode as the basic input mode), and if the input value does not form a full code, the system then recognizes the input value as a simple code (i.e., the second step of using SIM).
- First interpretation of an input value as a simple code is applying the "short-cut input mode" as the basic input mode, while first interpretation of an input value as a full code is applying the "full input mode" as the basic input mode.
- SIM i.e., applying the short-cut input mode as the basic input mode
- FIM i.e., applying the full input mode as the basic input mode
- the system In the full input mode designated as the basic input mode, the system first interprets an input value as a full code and erroneously recognizes an input simple code as an undesired word. For example, when BRSM is applied as FIM in FIG. 4-2, the simple code of a word “ • ⁇ 'T 1 " is designated as "877" (using a syllable-based initial code) and the system first interprets the input simple code "877" as a full code, thereby recognizing " ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ r” as "°i”. This applies to the words such as " ⁇ - ⁇ ", "- ⁇ W, "-?- !
- the third ambiguity can be overcome by using a toggle button or using a move button for the selection of the target word just like the conventional ones.
- Another alternative method is that the input mode is switched between full input mode and short-cut input mode in the unit of word before input values causing the third ambiguity are entered. This is similar to the method described in the prior document of the applicant in which fo/T control (i.e., Hiragana/Katakana transition control) is provided to enable entry of a Katakana word in the Hiragana mode or entry of a Hiragana word in the Katakana mode.
- fo/T control i.e., Hiragana/Katakana transition control
- the system initially recognizes an input value after selection of the "short-cut/full" control as a simple code and provides to the user a target word corresponding to the input value with reference to the index.
- the system initially recognizes an input value after selection of the "short-cut/full" control as a full code.
- the "shortcut/full" control can be set to be selected before or after entry of the target word, but for the case of this control, it may be more convenient for the control to be set to be seleted before target word.
- the system may determine whether the input value is a full code or a simple code. Such a determination can be made in the unit of word as the index is referred in order to eliminate the first ambiguity as described above, or such a determination can be made in the course of entering the input value as described later.
- the system checks whether every input code value is identical to the input value listed in the index, and recognizes the input code value as a predetermined full code of FIM at the time when there is no word matching the input value.
- the second and third input values of all syllables by the full code should be constant in using BRSM, which is illustrated in FIG. 4-2. If such a regulation is infringed, the input values are regarded as simple codes.
- BRSM basic consonants
- the next value to form a full code is one of the buttons [4], [5] and [6] on the second row.
- the system regards the input value as a simple code and recommends a word corresponding to the simple code to the user.
- the next button in response to the input of the first button [1] for a full code is no more than button [1] or [2]. If this rule is infringed, the system regards the input value as a simple code rather than a full code and recommends a target word corresponding to the input value to the user with reference to the index.
- buttons [7] are assigned to button [7] as shown in FIG. 1-3, one of the four characters can be allocated to the lattice element that forms Vertical Adjacent Combination (VAC) in PWSM.
- VAC Vertical Adjacent Combination
- the next input button may be button [7], [8] or [9] on the third row, or button [4]. If this rule is infringed, the input value can be regarded as a simple code. The same applies to all languages if using PWSM as disclosed in the prior document.
- FIG. 4-5 shows that one basic consonant is assigned to each button.
- syllable-based initial codes generally used in Korean are utilized as simple codes
- the third ambiguity is avoidable in using both SIM and FIM. That is, when the user inputs syllable-based initial codes in using CIM, the input values from the second input (when inputting aspirated consonants and tense consonants by CPM) hardly form a full code.
- the system refers to the index of simple codes and recommends proper words in the order of priority to the user.
- the similar principle can be applied to the input of a full code in CIM.
- the core of the present invention that it is possible to determine during the input of characters whether the input value is a simple code or a full code in using CIM.
- the same principle applies to the case where the system uses the FIM of the prior document and the present invention, or other FIM.
- the FIM of the applicant is advantageous, as described in the above example, in that whether the input values form a full code in FIM can be checked during the input.
- the interpretation of a simple code or full code may be achieved in the client terminal or the server, as described in the prior document of the applicant.
- a scenario that the system refers to the index of the client in the first stage and then the index of the server in the second stage applies to the interpretation of simple codes or full codes.
- the system may refer to the index of the server in the first stage and then the index of the client in the second stage.
- the system interprets the input value as a simple code with reference to the index of the client in the first stage and then the index of server in the second stage but fails to find a simple code for the input value, it recognizes the input value as a full code in such a manner that it refers to the index of the client at the first stage or otherwise the index of the server at the second stage.
- the system interprets an input value as a simple code in the first stage with reference to the indexes of both the client and the server and then allows the user to select the target word.
- the interpretation method simple code or full code
- the interpretation site client or server
- a concurrent use of SIM and FIM has advantages as follows: (1) in using FIM, the user is allowed to input almost all words including those nonexistent in the dictionary as well as predefined words; (2) the user can designate simple codes for the use of SIM on commonly used words or phrases as he/she desires (either partially associated simple codes or fully associated simple codes); (3) the user can designate partially associated simple codes to dramatically reduce the stroke count of the input; and word-based initial codes are assigned for phrases as well as words.
- the methods of foreign countries refer to the index for all input words word by word and thus have to use fully associated simple codes in order to minimize the probability that the same code is assigned to different words.
- the system has an "index" containing specific words or phrases commonly used and code values for the words or phrases, which index requires a much lesser capacity of memory than that in the methods of foreign countries.
- Such an index may be the same as an "index” in the system that contains ambiguous words that are correct or incorrect in order to eliminate ambiguity.
- Consonants have the sound values of a specific word in every language and a method for extracting consonants into an abbreviation has been widely used.
- the military term “captain” is abbreviated as "CPT” that comprises consonants having the sound values of "captain", “sergeant” "SGT”, “staff sergeant” "SSG”, “sergeant first class” "SFC”.
- captain and “private” have two syllables
- the consonants extracted as the abbreviation are considered as those that represent the respectively syllables.
- the simple code of "captain” is "278" associated with "CPT”.
- the present invention in which the system is allowed to designate partially associated simple codes for commonly used words or phrases based on the syllable and apply SIM is very significant in a sense as well as the fact less labor is required in inputting characters.
- a syllable is phonetically defined as "psychological noumenon”. It is the consonant that has a sound value in the syllable. It is impossible to analogize "captain” out of the vowel extract "AAI”.
- consonant extract can be easily analogized from the consonant extract "CPTN” or "CPT". It is reported that any English sentence can be analogized from the constituent consonants without a vowel in each word. That is, the use of partially associated simple codes in association with each consonant constituting a syllable makes the user to apply SIM naturally and provides more convenience in use.
- the simple codes can be used on the basis of abbreviations, because abbreviations are widely used in the English-speaking world and, for example, the listed company name is usually designated as an abbreviation.
- the user is allowed to designate the type of simple code (i.e., partially associated simple code or fully associated simple code) for a specific word or phrase, which is advantageous in that it is easy to memorize the code values of commonly used words or phrases. Furthermore, if the user needs to use only a part of commonly used words or phrases, simple codes (e.g, 1, 2, 3, etc.) rather than the codes associated with the characters of the word or phrase are assigned to each word or phrase. 6.8 Grouping of simple code/corresponding word or phrase, and designation of searching range
- the ambiguity between simple codes can be reduced by grouping the word or phrases corresponding to the simple codes and searching simple codes only for a specific group of words or phrases.
- a word or phrase does not necessarily belong to only one group and may be included in a plurality of groups.
- the word or phrases after simple naming are divided into categories of listed company name, city name, commonly used word (or phrase), etc., and the group of commonly used words (or phrases) are subdivided into categories of society, politics, etc.
- this embodiment provides a two-staged tree type grouping, the grouping may be of a tree type with three, four or more stages. If the user (or system) limits the searching range of the simple code to the group of listed company names, the system searches named words or phrases corresponding to a specific input simple code within the category of the listed company name, thus reducing the second ambiguity. Likewise, when the user limits the searching range to the group of commonly used words or phrases, the system searches named words or phrases within the category of commonly used words or phrases and all its subgroups.
- the system searches named words or phrases within the category of society and its all subgroups. 6.9 Use of switching server Interpretation of simple codes may be performed at the client terminal or the server. Alternatively, there may be used a switching server which is wholly charged with interpreting simple codes (including full codes under in some cases) to provide words or phrases corresponding to the simple codes to the client terminal or another server. Reference is made to FIG. 6-1. In the figure, the client terminal first decodes a simple code, and if it cannot interpret a word or phrase corresponding to the input simple code, the switching server interprets the word or phrase corresponding to the input simple code in the second stage.
- the third simple code-decoding server (expediently, called “third server”) is a server equipped with an application using the input simple code or its corresponding words or phrases.
- the switching server With the switching server, the user inputs simple codes even when the third server requests a word or phrase other than the simple codes. Even though the third server does not store simple codes and words or phrases corresponding to the simple codes, the switching server interprets the simple codes input by the user to send the corresponding words or phrases to the third server.
- the system looks up the words or phrases corresponding to the simple code in the index and feeds back the words or phrases to the client terminal or each server, input by input (i.e., value by value) or in the unit of words(i.e., word by word). 6.10 Division of word unit
- word unit refers to the length of a word ranging from head to tail of the word.
- the word unit can be determined by a combination of all factors that discriminate between words, such as the head of a word, space, mode transition, enter, etc. For example, the entry of a word is identified through the head of a word ⁇ the tail of a word, space - space, space - mode transition, and the like.
- the feedback in units of words can be performed through the programming languages that currently support the network environment. 6.11 Download of simple code and corresponding word or phrase
- the client can download the simple codes and the words or phrases corresponding to the simple codes from the server without directly storing the simple codes and their corresponding words or phrases.
- Download may be achieved in the unit of words or phrases, or in the unit of the above-mentioned word or phrase groups (i.e, groups of the tree structure). If selecting a group, the client can download the subgroups as well as the selected group. During download, the client terminal may maintain the tree structure of the word or phrase group as set by the server, or assign the words or phrases belonging to the corresponding group and its subgroups to one group designated by the user. A switching server whose main function is decoding simple code can be in charge of this operation. 7. Input of symbols
- characters are arranged in the order of mother language, numerals and English alphabet, which are allocated "in the Order of Proximity to a BLE (OPBLE)", and mother language and numerals are selected in the order of proximity to a BLE in BRSM.
- numerals and English alphabet as well as mother languages assigned to a specific button can be entered using SCPM.
- the present invention provides a method for efficiently entering various symbols not marked on the keypad (i.e., using the hiding control processing method), while such symbols are to be marked on the keypad in the prior document.
- the present invention assigns "symbol control" to the proper one of the lattice elements, which are allocated to controls in the invention of the prior document, and inputs a symbol by compounding the symbol control and a button (i.e., another button other than the control button) which is associated with specific symbol.
- a button i.e., another button other than the control button
- the button which is associated with dot ".” is button [5], because " ⁇ " is associated with the first syllable ⁇ " of u v ⁇ % 3. (which is the Korean name of dot)".
- Button [9] symbol “ ⁇ ” (vowel “— “ is associated with “ ⁇ ” in shape); and Button [0]: symbol “@” (numeral “0” is associated with “@” in shape).
- the symbols are assigned to each button in consideration of the relation between the name in the mother language or the shape of the symbol and the character on the button, or between the name in English or the shape of the symbol and the English alphabet on the button, or between the name or shape of the symbol and that of the numeral on the button.
- Such considerations are not specifically limited to those mentioned above and can be operationally reset by the user according to the user's liking.
- those symbols that are used frequently can be treated as if they are succession characters belonging to the numeral buttons readily reminding of the respective symbols.
- the question mark "?" the question mark "?"
- Korean name is "Ir-S-JS." is associated with button [1] designated for " ⁇ " in consideration of similarity of shape, because the dot ".”(the Korean name is "* ⁇
- assignment of symbols to each button may be associated with English name/shape or Numeral name/shape.
- the following example applies in combination with mother languages.
- Assignment of symbols mainly using English is advantageous in that such assignment is applicable to the non-English-speaking world in which mother languages in combination with English ones are marked on the keypad.
- Symbol control may be allocated to a proper button. For English, unless another control is allocated to button [ * ] in FIG. 1-1 , the symbol control may be selected with one stroke of button [*] (i.e., the symbol control is arranged at the position of the base lattice element of button [*]). For mother languages in
- the symbol control may be arranged at the position of the base lattice element of button [0] or [#]. With the symbol control assigned to button [0], it may be desirable not to assign symbol "@" to button [0].
- each button has the meaning of an associated symbol and the symbol control is allocated to one lattice element of the control button.
- the button marked with “s” can be designated for any one of symbols such as slash, semi-colon, period, etc., as it is associated with “slash” in the above example.
- the button marked with "d” is associated with "dot”
- the button of "i” is designated for "exclamation mark” in consideration of similarity of shape.
- symbol control 1 the system has to assign the meaning of symbols to each button and memorize it, and thus has a limitation in the number of symbols for entry.
- the symbols are grouped as, for example, dot and comma, or colon and semi-colon and a plurality of symbol controls are arranged so as to input a large number of symbols.
- the present invention presents a general example of symbol grouping.
- modifications of dot ".” can be grouped like as, for example, dot ".”, comma ",”, colon “:”, semi-colon “;”, quotation mark “””, question mark "?", exclamation mark "! and so forth.
- This group comprises dot-shaped symbols, i.e., "zero- dimensional” symbols.
- question mark "?” and exclamation mark "! are both zero- and one-dimensional and thus included in the zero-dimensional (dot- shaped) symbol group.
- the adjunctive priority of the group is determined in consideration of the use frequency as described in the prior document.
- the user may designate such considerations in determination of the priority. It is recommendable that the control is set to be selected after representative character, when a large number of symbols are regarded as the succession characters.
- a terminal with a display window may display the change of succession symbols when the control button is repeatedly pressed.
- buttons [3] which includes "d" of "dot”. If control after input representative character applies with the symbol control button designated as button [ * ] in FIG. 7-1 , in which the symbol control is added to FIG.
- line-shaped (i.e., one-dimensional) symbols are grouped like as, for example, slash 7", hat mark “ ⁇ “, question mark "?", exclamation mark "!, round bracket 1 "(”", round bracket 2 ")", crooked bracket 1 " ⁇ ”, crooked bracket 2 ">", square bracket 1 "[”, square bracket 2 "]", wave mark " ⁇ ", minus “-", arrow 1 " ⁇ -", arrow 2 "- “, and so forth.
- the adjunctive priority of the group is determined in consideration of the use frequency or the like as described in the prior document, and associated with the succession characters of a specific button, which button may be properly designated.
- the line-shaped symbols are regarded as the succession characters belonging to button [1], or button [5] that is designated for the character "I”.
- adjunctive priority of this group is also determined in consideration of the use frequency or the like as described in the prior document, and associated with the succession characters of a specific button by using an adequate method. It is necessary that the symbols of this group should be associated with other buttons than those associated with the zero- and one-dimensional symbols.
- Grouping the symbols into three groups, i.e., zero-, one- and two- dimensional symbol groups is advantageous in that the user has only to memorize three associated numeral buttons, but requires several strokes of the control button in entering rarely used symbols.
- the three groups are subdivided into subgroups as follows.
- the two-dimensional symbols are subdivided into a line-associated symbol group (i.e., *, #, %, ...) and a second symbol group in the form of a simple closed curve (i.e., ⁇ l , , ).
- a separate symbol group comprising pictures (i.e., 2£, S, "®>, ⁇ , , ...) may be provided, which symbols are also regarded as the succession characters belonging to proper buttons.
- the symbols of the separate symbol group may be excluded from the previous symbol groups or not. The same applies to the other cases.
- Another separate symbol group comprises one- or two-dimensional symbols that are used in the mathematical relation, for example, +, -, *, /, square root “V “, sigma " ⁇ ", integral "J “, or the like. These symbols are also regarded as the succession characters belonging to proper buttons. Further another separate symbol group comprises directional symbols, for example, - , *- , t , 1 , /" , , ⁇ , - , , ⁇ > , 4 , or the like, which symbols are also regarded as the succession characters belonging to proper buttons.
- parentheses for example, (, ), [, ], ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , >, or the like.
- the parentheses may also be subdivided into two subgroups, right parenthesis group and left parenthesis group.
- the characters belonging to the subgroups are optionally included in the three symbol groups, or not. It should be noted that those characters of the subgroups included in the three symbol groups acquire the lower priority.
- FIG. 1-1 in which the symbols of each group are regarded as the succession characters of specific button as follows.
- zero-dimensional symbols are regarded as the succession characters of button [0], one-dimensional symbols as those of button [1], two-dimensional symbols as those of button [2].
- symbols in the form of a simple closed curve are regarded as the succession characters of button [8], symbols in the form of a picture as those of button [7], mathematical symbols as those of button [6], directional symbols as those of button [3], parenthesis symbols as those of any one of the rest numeral buttons.
- the method of associating symbol groups to each button is not limited to the above example and may be optionally set by the user.
- symbols are divided into three groups (i.e., zero- one- and two-dimensional symbol groups) or subdivided into ten or less subgroups, and regarded as the succession characters belonging to specific buttons, as a result of which the present invention provides a method for entering almost all symbols.
- the individual symbol groups are regarded as the succession characters belonging to specific buttons, which are associated with the symbol groups in name, dimension, shape, or the like, so that the "Hiding Succession Control Processing Method (HSCPM)" can be used on the keypad having a simple arrangement of characters without any symbol marked.
- HCPM Haiding Succession Control Processing Method
- the control button for symbol is button [*] or any one of up/down/left move buttons in this application, and the succession control button for numerals and English alphabet may be button [#].
- button [#] is used as a succession control button, additional succession control for numerals and English alphabet is to be arranged to an available lattice element on button [#]. It is also possible in this case to skip the control not associated with the representative character and select the next available control, as described above. 8.
- the control button can be a button on a 4 * 3 keypad or a separate one, and the 4*3 keypad is short of control buttons in entering the language where a number of characters and its affixed characters exist.
- the present invention suggests that left/up/down move buttons not frequently used in the character input mode can be used as such control buttons as mentioned in the prior document. That is, the left/up/down move button is used in the character input mode as a control button, which is a separate button arranged out of the 4*3 keypad.
- FIG. 8-1 illustrates the arrangement of buttons on a typical folder type mobile terminal.
- the button [I] indicated by a broken line is an Internet connection button, which may be provided or not according to the type of the terminal.
- the left move button is a space input button, especially used as a syllable (letter) confirm button for eliminating the first ambiguity in Korean.
- Up/down/left move buttons are useful as a move button for selection of menus in the menu select mode other than the character input mode.
- the up/down/left move buttons, particularly up/down move buttons are not so frequently used in the character input mode.
- buttons [*] and [#] mainly used as control buttons.
- FIGS. 8-2 and 8-3 the embodiment of the present invention provides, if not specifically limited to, an arrangement of the move buttons below the 4*3 keypad.
- the 4*3 keypad and the up/down/left move buttons form a 5*3 keypad.
- the up/down/left move buttons have not to be necessarily arranged to form a 5*3 keypad as illustrated in FIG. 8-3. 8.3 Arrangement of move button on left or right side
- the up/down/left/right move buttons may be allocated to the left or right side to the 4*3 keypad.
- the move buttons and the 4*3 keypad form a 4*4 keypad in PWSM.
- FIG. 8-4 illustrates an arrangement of the up/down/left/right move buttons on the right side to the 4*3 keypad.
- such an arrangement enlarges the size of the display on the terminal, following the trend of the terminal having a large-sized liquid crystal display (LCD), and acquires excellent features in combination with the method disclosed in Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2000-0002081 , 10- 2000-0005671 , 10-2000-0067852 and 10-2001-0002137 filed by the present applicant, in which the side battery is attached to the mobile terminal.
- aspirated consonant control and tense consonant control are allocated to buttons [ * ] and [#], respectively; or aspirated consonant control and tense consonant control are allocated to button [ * ], with basic vowel control and extended vowel control being allocated to button [#]; or only the extended vowel control is allocated to button [#].
- control(s) after input representative character applies with the symbol control(s) allocated to button [*] or [#]
- entries are given in the sequent order of aspirated consonant, tense consonant and symbol(s) when the control button is repeatedly pressed. The same applies to other languages.
- the Korean vowel element ".” can be arranged at the position of the base lattice element of any one of the up/down/left move buttons, with the symbol controls being assigned in the order of proximity to a BLE. This is illustrated in FIG. 8-6. As the vowel element ".” is not used alone, there is no ambiguity in selecting vowel elements and symbol controls by using RSM. In FIG. 8-6, one stroke of button [v] selects vowel element ".”, two strokes selects symbol control 1 , and three strokes selects symbol control 2.
- controls for affix type vowels can be distributed to any button(s) of the up/down/left move buttons.
- the user selects "short-cut/full” transition control and inputs a space (or the right move button) and then a simple code.
- space or the right move button
- the "short-cut/full” transition control in the unit of words is assigned to any one of the up/down/left move buttons.
- a control for both "short-cut/full" transition control and space input is arranged at the position of the base lattice element on any one of the up/down/left move buttons. Reference is made to FIG. 8-8.
- buttons [ ⁇ ] the system recognizes "[4]+" as a simple code instead of a full code and recommends the user the words most corresponding to input [4] with reference to the index.
- selection of a space button i.e., [>]
- selection of button [ ⁇ ] causes the system to recognize the end of the word, determine the word "help" corresponding to the simple code "4357” and wait for the input of another simple code.
- the third ambiguity may occur between simple and full codes as described in the prior document when using only the right move button (i.e., the space button) in CIM.
- the system checks, in response to every input of the button, whether a simple code exists in the index or a full code is formed according to predetermined FIM.
- the use of a button combining word-based "short-cut/full" mode transition and space input allows the system to determine in advance whether the input value is simple code or full code. This reduces the number of calculations and searching steps to enhance the performance of the system.
- buttons are to be used as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x) and division (/) buttons, which are most frequently used in the calculation mode. If not specifically limited, the symbols for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division may not be marked on the buttons because the calculation function is not so frequently used as the character input function.
- the individual buttons are to be used as move buttons or control buttons in the character input mode.
- operators used in the calculation function can be assigned to the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division buttons and selected by the
- Addition, subtraction and division buttons are assigned to three of the up/down/right/left move buttons, a multiplication being assigned to button [*]. 9. Activation of help function For more convenience in use, it may be possible to display on a screen
- FIG. 9-1 illustrates another arrangement of the keypad in which the up/down/right/left move buttons are allocated to the right side to the 4*3 keypad as shown in FIG. 8-4.
- buttons i.e., operators allocated to the buttons or symbol groups associated with each button
- activation of help function may be achieved for the individual modes (e.g., character input mode, calculation mode, etc.), or functions necessary in each mode (e.g., the use purpose of numeral buttons or control buttons associated with a symbol group in the character input mode).
- the function of control buttons or numeral buttons associated with the symbol group as provided in the prior document are also displayed for the purpose of convenience in use, as the user demands. In regard to this, reference is made to FIG.
- the keypad provided in the prior document and the present invention can be used in every application in the form of telephone keypad, such as a numeral keypad for mobile terminals or standard keyboards, a keypad implemented on the screen in software, a door lock, or the like.
- the keypad of the prior document and the present invention is different from the numeral keypad provided in the standard keyboard in regard to the arrangement of numeral buttons. It is however apparent that the arrangement of the buttons on the keypad according to the prior document and the present invention is applicable to the keypad provided in the keyboard.
- characters on the button [1] according to the prior document and the present invention are allocated to the button [1] of the numeral keypad provided in the keyboard.
- Such a keypad arrangement is applicable for the purposes of character input, the use of simple codes, and memorization of various codes.
- the numeral arrangement of the telephone keypad is usable in the configuration of the numeral keypad for keyboards. That is, like the keypad of the telephone, the numeral keypad of the keyboard has a numeral arrangement in which buttons [1], [2] and [3] are allocated to the first row of the keypad, buttons [4], [5] and [6] on the second row, buttons [7], [8] and [9] on the third row.
- the keypad of the keyboard may have buttons [*] and [#] as that of the telephone.
- the invention is to efficiently input characters on a keypad and, more particularly, to input various symbols by using the hiding control processing method, thereby maintaining a simple arrangement of the keypad. Furthermore, the present invention produces simple codes using the relation between characters allocated to the keypad and numerals, implements the short-cut input method using the simple codes, and enters target characters and words or phrases with a small number of strokes using the concurrent input method.
- a switching server for interpreting simple codes the user can input simple codes even when the third server requests words or phrases other than simple codes, and the switching server interprets simple codes input by the user and sends the words or phrases corresponding to the simple codes to the third server, which does not store the simple codes and the words or phrases corresponding to the simple codes.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01942731A EP1282853A4 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad |
BR0107678-7A BR0107678A (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Apparatus and method for entering the alphabet characters on the keyboard |
AU28893/01A AU784459B2 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad |
EA200200761A EA005175B1 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keyboard |
MXPA02007011A MXPA02007011A (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad. |
CA002397567A CA2397567A1 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad |
JP2001554153A JP2003521030A (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Keypad input device and method using keypad |
US10/181,332 US20030190181A1 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-05-17 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad |
US11/220,091 US20060139315A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2005-09-06 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad |
US11/220,065 US20070092326A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2005-09-06 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad |
Applications Claiming Priority (28)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR2000/2082 | 2000-01-17 | ||
KR20000002082 | 2000-01-17 | ||
KR2000/4759 | 2000-01-31 | ||
KR20000004759 | 2000-01-31 | ||
KR20000053287 | 2000-09-08 | ||
KR2000/53287 | 2000-09-08 | ||
KR2000/55036 | 2000-09-19 | ||
KR20000055036 | 2000-09-19 | ||
KR20000061105 | 2000-10-17 | ||
KR2000/61105 | 2000-10-17 | ||
KR2000/70580 | 2000-11-24 | ||
KR20000070580 | 2000-11-24 | ||
KR20000071128 | 2000-11-28 | ||
KR2000/71128 | 2000-11-28 | ||
KR2000/71757 | 2000-11-29 | ||
KR20000071757 | 2000-11-29 | ||
KR2000/81475 | 2000-12-26 | ||
KR20000081475 | 2000-12-26 | ||
KR20010000105 | 2001-01-03 | ||
KR2001/105 | 2001-01-03 | ||
KR20010000464 | 2001-01-04 | ||
KR2001/464 | 2001-01-04 | ||
KR20010000878 | 2001-01-06 | ||
KR2001/878 | 2001-01-06 | ||
KR20010000891 | 2001-01-08 | ||
KR2001/891 | 2001-01-08 | ||
KR2001/2528 | 2001-01-17 | ||
KR20010002528 | 2001-01-17 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/220,065 Continuation US20070092326A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2005-09-06 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad |
US11/220,091 Continuation US20060139315A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2005-09-06 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001053924A1 true WO2001053924A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
Family
ID=36169055
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2001/000076 WO2001053924A1 (en) | 2000-01-17 | 2001-01-17 | Apparatus and method for inputting alphabet characters on keypad |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1282853A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003521030A (en) |
AU (1) | AU784459B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0107678A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2397567A1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA005175B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02007011A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001053924A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003083632A2 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Textm Inc. | System, method, and computer program product for single-handed data entry |
WO2005018207A1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-02-24 | Min-Kyum Kim | Appratus and method for inputting alphabet characters from keypad |
EP1510061A1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2005-03-02 | Neopad, Inc. | Creation method for characters/words and the information and communication service method thereby |
JP2006521072A (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2006-09-14 | ジャウー アン | Character arrangement, input method, and input device |
WO2008082761A1 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system for determining character entries in a communication device |
US7761175B2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2010-07-20 | Eatoni Ergonomics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for discoverable input of symbols on a reduced keypad |
US10203872B2 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2019-02-12 | Neopad Inc. | Creation method for characters/words and the information and communication service method thereby |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5411376B1 (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-02-12 | 靖彦 佐竹 | Unified input system for Western languages in portable input electronics |
JP7531214B2 (en) | 2020-10-12 | 2024-08-09 | 国立研究開発法人情報通信研究機構 | Character input device, character input method, and character input program |
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JP4662667B2 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2011-03-30 | キムミンギョム | Character input device and method for small keypad |
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2001
- 2001-01-17 AU AU28893/01A patent/AU784459B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-17 WO PCT/KR2001/000076 patent/WO2001053924A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-01-17 BR BR0107678-7A patent/BR0107678A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-17 JP JP2001554153A patent/JP2003521030A/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-17 EA EA200200761A patent/EA005175B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-17 CA CA002397567A patent/CA2397567A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-17 MX MXPA02007011A patent/MXPA02007011A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-17 EP EP01942731A patent/EP1282853A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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KR900008371A (en) * | 1988-11-10 | 1990-06-03 | 엔시이아아르 코오포레이션 | Pan-language display device and method |
KR970076347A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-12-12 | 가나이 츠토무 | Input string guessing device |
KR960043680A (en) * | 1996-09-18 | 1996-12-23 | 조관현 | Compact Hangul Keyboard |
KR19980042695U (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 1998-09-25 | 강효식 | Construction brick |
KR19980084307A (en) * | 1997-05-22 | 1998-12-05 | 윤종용 | Character input method using numeric keypad |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7761175B2 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2010-07-20 | Eatoni Ergonomics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for discoverable input of symbols on a reduced keypad |
WO2003083632A2 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Textm Inc. | System, method, and computer program product for single-handed data entry |
WO2003083632A3 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2004-03-04 | Textm Inc | System, method, and computer program product for single-handed data entry |
EP1510061A1 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2005-03-02 | Neopad, Inc. | Creation method for characters/words and the information and communication service method thereby |
EP1510061A4 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2009-08-05 | Neopad Inc | Creation method for characters/words and the information and communication service method thereby |
JP2006521072A (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2006-09-14 | ジャウー アン | Character arrangement, input method, and input device |
CN1762144B (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2010-12-29 | 安财佑 | Character arrangements, input methods and input device |
WO2005018207A1 (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-02-24 | Min-Kyum Kim | Appratus and method for inputting alphabet characters from keypad |
US10203872B2 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2019-02-12 | Neopad Inc. | Creation method for characters/words and the information and communication service method thereby |
WO2008082761A1 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system for determining character entries in a communication device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1282853A4 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
MXPA02007011A (en) | 2003-09-25 |
EP1282853A1 (en) | 2003-02-12 |
AU2889301A (en) | 2001-07-31 |
JP2003521030A (en) | 2003-07-08 |
EA200200761A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
CA2397567A1 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
EA005175B1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
AU784459B2 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
BR0107678A (en) | 2002-12-10 |
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